RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in EDLE & CUIN
EDUC 5324: INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY INTO EDUCATION

Name:__Hatem Dartay_______ Date: ___6/11/2017____________

Topic Selected:
What does the research say about advantages and disadvantages of distance education?

1. LITERATURE REVIEW:
What does the literature/research say about this issue/topic? By using NAU
Library or Online Search engines, conduct a literature review.
You need to include 5 different sources (book, journal article, web article
etc.) in your review. Try to use current sources as much as possible.
You need to summarize and synthesize your sources by discussing a
common theme or issue.
You don't need to critique your sources
You don't need to evaluate your sources (if the sources are trustworthy,
weather the author has a bias or not)
You need to provide background information such as history and
definitions

Brief Literature Review:

Distance education is generally used as a part of everywhere throughout the

world today. The history of distance education goes back to 150 years. It can be
considered in five different eras.
First, establishing of distance education. Distance education's foundation
established by educator in this era even though its did not begin actively.
Second, Postal system was used by educators. Books, newspaper and other
educational material were printed to send out the people. the idea of sending mail for
distance education was founded by Sir Isaac Pitman in 1840.
Third, This period is known as one way communication period with the use of
broadcasting. People use radio and television for distance education. At 1920s, some
universities in the Soviet Union introduced distance education by using radio and
television.
Fourth period is called two-way communication audio and interactive period. According
to two-way communication education teachers and students have more interactions.
Open University was founded. It introduced a mixed-media approach to teaching
distance learning courses.
!n the fifth period, people started to use advanced technological tools such as computer,
satellite. First satellites in distance education was founded by PEACENET in 1971.
In terms of the advantages of using Internet-based videoconferencing, there is the fact
that it is by far the best distance system with which one can work. In other words, the
quality of the video and audio is at its best level. Those using the Internet, system feel
very much like they are all in the same room (Ozkan, Betul 2005)
There are advantages of distance education. The quality of video helps students to feel
like all in the same room. (Ozkan, Betul 2005)
From the student perspective, perhaps the biggest advantage to distance education
programs is relief from the constraints imposed by having to attend a class on campus
at a scheduled time. While satellite delivery may still have a time issue, web-based
delivery offers the additional advantage of any time or any place instruction, much of
which can be self-paced. (Zirkle, Chris 2002)
Distance education has some limitations. Educators should consider the fact that
face-to-face learning atmosphere contributes the most successful choice for instruction.
Educators may not know who attend to sections. (Ozkan, Betul 2005)
Disadvantages include isolation from other learners, frustration caused by poorly flowing
communication, and confusion as a result of unclear feedback. (Ryan, Calton, and Ali
1999)
For instructors, distance learning offers such advantages as ability to quickly update
and post course material for student access. Distance education methodologies are also
adaptable to diverse learning needs, fth effort, allowing instructors to incorporate audio,
video, and various printed material into the web-based classroom. (Zirkle, Chris 2002)

2. REFLECTION:
What is your personal opinion on this issue? Do you agree with the
research? If you agree or disagree, please explain why?
Provide examples/experiences regarding this issue from school
perspective or If you are not working in a school, from your profession. Be
specific with your examples. You can mention software/hardware names,
specific methods that you plan to use, etc.
How would you implement this research in your career? (At least 1
paragraph)
Reflection:
I believe that and distance education is an effective way to teach to
students. Because, First, There is no time waste in distance education.
Students can arrange time accordingly. In traditional, method students
have to go to school but, now you can take a course on just about any
subject without ever having to be in --or travel to -- a classroom so you
have very little wasted time. Note, however, that some distance-education
programs still do have an in-class component. Second, Better for Some
Learners; distance-education courses are often better for people who learn
through visual cues and experiential exercises and those that require more
time, are language-challenged, or introverted. Third, Accessibility -- with an
online course, you can work on the course just about anywhere you have
 computer access.
I use Google Classroom as a distance education. I share the lesson notes,
homework, videos, and practice on google classroom. This helps students
to catch up lesson or when they need extra help on the topic. I have seen
lots of benefit of google classroom. Parents asking me to how can I find
the missing work and I address the google classroom and they can easily
reach the resources without traveling to school to get hard copy.
My plan to use distance education actively is making short topic videos by
using screencasting and mimiopad. I will share the videos on youtube and
google classroom. Students will access to videos for content they can get
help from those videos especially for hard to teach topics.

3. REFERENCES:
Cite at least 5 References in APA.
You may use http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-journal for citing
your sources in APA style.

References:
Demiray, Prof. Dr. Ugur, Isman, Doc. Dr. Aytekin. HISTORY OF DISTANCE
EDUCATION.

DEMIRAY, Ugur et.al., (1997) Use of Satellites in Education in TUrkey and japan, D At
A Distance, V:11, November, USA.

Ozkan, Betul (2005). Internet Applications of type II Uses of Technology in Education.

History of Distance education. Retrieved from

http://mysite.du.edu/~kkeairns/doc/history.html

Zirkle, Chris (2002). Distance Education and the Trade and Industry Education. Tech
Directions, 10629351, 20020101, Vol. 62, Issue 4.