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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 1

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

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CHAPTER 1: ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

CONTENTS PAGE

2
1.1 Identify characteristics of arithmetic progression

1.2 Determine whether a given sequence is an 3


arithmetic progression

1.3 Determine by using formula:


a) specific terms in arithmetic progressions 4-5
b) the number of terms in arithmetic
progressions

1.4 Find
a) The sum of the first n terms of arithmetic
progressions 6
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive
terms of arithmetic progressions
c) The value of n , given the sum of the first n
terms of arithmetic progressions.

1.5 Solve problems involving arithmetic progressions 7

SPM QUESTIONS 8-10

ASSESSMENT 11-12

ANSWERS 13

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PROGRESSIONS
( Arithmetic Progression)

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

The sum of the first n term:


The nth term :
Sn = ______________
Tn = ___________
or
or
Sn = ______________
Tn = ___________

a = _______________
d = _______________
l = _______________ Fill in the blank
n = _______________

1.1 Identify characteristics of arithmetic progression:


EXERCISE 1:

Complete each of the sequence below to form an arithmetic progression.

a) 2, _____ , 8 , ______ , 14 , 17
b) -2 , -5 , ______ , -11 , ________
1
c) -4, ______ , ______ , ,2
2
d) 2x -3 , 2x -1 , __________ , __________ , 2x + 5

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1.2 Determine whether a given sequence is an arithmetic progression


EXERCISE 2 :

1. Determine whether a given sequence below is an arithmetic progression.

a) 5 , 11 , 17 , 23 , .. ( ____________________ )

b) -20 , -50 , -30 , -35 , . ( ____________________ )

c) 1 , 4 , 9 , 16 , ( ____________________ )

d) 2x + y , 4x y , 6x -3y , ( ____________________ )

2. k +3 , 2k + 6 ,8 are the first three terms of an arithmetic progression,find the


value of k.

Note:
If x,y and z are three terms of
an arithmetic progression ,
yx=z-y

3. Given that x 2 ,5 x, 7 x 4 are three consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression


W

here x has a positive value. Find the value of x.

4. Given that the first three terms of an arithmetic progression are 2 y,3 y 3 and 5y+1 .
Find the value of y.

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1.3 Determine by using formula:


a. specific terms in arithmetic progressions
b. the number of terms in arithmetic progressions

Tn a(n1)d

EXERCISE 3:

1. Find the 9th term of the arithmetic 2. Find the 11th term of the arithmetic
progression. progression.
2, 5 , 8 , .. 5
3, , 2,........
Solution: 2
a=2
d = 5-2=3

T9 2 (9 1)3

= _______

3. For the arithmetic progression 4. Find the nth term of the arithmetic
0.7, 2.1 , 3.5, .. ,find the 5th term . progression
1
4, 6 , 9,.....
2

5. Find the 7th term of arithmetic 6. Given that arithmetic progression


progression k, 2k + 1, 3k+2, 4k+3,. 9 +6x , 9+4x, 9+2x,
Find the 10th term.

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EXERCISE 4:

1. Find the number of terms of the 2. For the arithmetic progression


arithmetic progression 5 , 8 , 11 , . Which term is equal
to 320 ?
a) 4,9.14,.. ,64

Tn 64
4 + (n-1)5=64
4+ 5n-5 =64
5n=65
n= 13

b) -2, -7, -12, , -127

3. The sequence 121 , 116 , 111 , . is


an arithmetic progression. Find the
first negative term in the progression.

1 1 1
c) 1,1 ,1 ,......, 4
6 3 2

4. Find the number of terms of the


arithmetic progression
a 2b,3a 3b,5a 4b,......, 23a 13b
d) x y, x y, x 3 y,........., x 31y

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1.4 Find
a) the sum of the first n terms of arithmetic progressions.
b) the sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of arithmetic
progressions.
c) the value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of arithmetic
progressions.

n
S 2 a n 1 d
2
n

n
or Sn = a + l
2
l = t h e n th t e r m

EXERCISE 5:

1. Find the sum of the first 12 terms of 2. Find the sum of all the terms of the
the arithmetic progression arithmetic progression
-10 , -7 , -4, 38 , 31 , 24 , ., -18

3. For the arithmetic progression How many terms of the arithmetic


-4 , 1 , 6 , .find the sum of all 2, 8 , 13 ,18 , must be taken
the terms from the 6th term to the 14th for the sum to be equal to 1575?
term.

Solution:
Sum of all the terms from the 6th term
to the 14th
= S14 S5
=
=

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1.5 Solve problems involving arithmetic progressions.

EXERCISE 6:

1. The 5th and 9th of arithmetic 2. The 2nd and 8th terms of an arithmetic
progression are 4 and 16 respectively. progression are -9 and 3 respectively.
Find the 15th term. Find
Solution: a) the first term and the comman
T5 4 difference.
a (5 1)d 4 b) the sum of 10 terms beginning from
the 12th term.
a 4d 4 ......(1)
T9 16
a+(9-1)d=16
a+8d=16 ......(2)
Solve simultaneous equation to find
the value of a and d, then the 15th term.

3. The sum of the first 6 terms of an 4. The sum of the first n terms is given
arithmetic progression is 39 and the by S n 6n 2 3n
sum of the next 6 terms is -69. Find Find
a) the first term and the common a) the nth term in terms of n
difference b) the common difference
b) the sum of all the terms from the
15th term to the 25th term.

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SPM QUESTIONS:
1. 2003:
Paper 1: (no. 7)

The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are k 3, k 3, 2k 2


Find
a) the value of k
b) the sum of the first 9 terms of the progression 3 marks

2. 2004:
Paper 1: ( no 10)
Given an arithmetic progression -7, -3, 1, . , state three consecutive terms in this
progression which sum up to 75 3 marks

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3. Paper 1: ( no. 11)

The volume of water in a tank is 450 litres on the first day. Subsequently, 10 litres of
water is added to the tank everyday.
Calculate the volume , in litres , of water in the tank at the end of the 7th day.
2 marks

4. 2005:
Paper 1: (no. 11)

The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are 5, 9, 13


Find
a) the common difference of the progression
b) the sum of the first 20 terms after the 3rd term. 4 marks

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5. Paper 2 : ( Section A no.3)

Diagram 1 shows part of an arrangement of bricks of equal size.

Diagram 1

The number of bricks in the lowest row is 100. For each of the rows, the number of
bricks is 2 less than in the row below. The height of each bricks is 6 cm.
Ali builds a wall by arranging bricks in this way. The number of bricks in the highest
row is 4. Calculate
a) the height , in cm, of the wall [ 3 marks ]
b) the total price of the bricks used if the price of one brick is 40 sen. [ 3 marks ]

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ASSESSMENT:

1. The sequence -13,-10,-7,,128,131 is an arithmetic progression. Find


a) the number of terms in the progression
b) the sum of all the terms in the progression.

2. Given that k-1 , 2k 4 and k +5 are the first three terms of arithmetic progression.
Find the common difference.

3. Calculate how many months it will take to repay a debt of RM5800 by monthly
payment of RM100 initially with an increase of RM20 for each month after that.

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4. The 4th of an arithmetic progression is 18 and the sum of the first eight terms
of the progression is 124. Find
a) the first term and the common difference
b) the sum of all the terms from the 10th term to the 20th term.

5. Sum of the first ten of the arithmetic progression is 230 and sum of ten terms
after that is 830. Find the first term and the common difference.

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ANSWERS:

EXERCISE 1: EXERCISE 2:
a) 5,11 1. a) Arithmetic progression
b) -8,-14 b) Not an arithmetic progression
1 c) Not an arithmetic progression
c) 2 , 1 d) Arithmetic progression
2
d) 2x+1,2x+3 1
2. k
3
3. x = 4
4. y = 5
EXERCISE 3: EXERCISE 4:
1. 26 1. a) 13
2. -2 b) 26
3. 6.3 c) 22
1 d) 45
4. Tn 5n 3
2 2. T106
5. 7k+6 3. T26 4
6. T10 9 12 x 4. 12
EXERCISE 5: EXERCISE 6:
1. 34
1. 78 2. a) -11,2
2. 90 b) 200
3. 369 3. a) a=14 , d= -3
4. 40 b) -473
4. a) Tn=12n-3
b) d=12
ASSESSMENT: PAST YEAR QUESTION:
1. a) 49 1. a) k=7
b) 2891 b) S9 252
2. 3 2. T10 29, T9 25, T8 21
3. 20
4. a) 33,-5 3. T7 510
b) -407 4. a) 4
5. 4,6 b) 1100
5. a) 294
b) RM1019.20

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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 2

PROGRESSIONS
(Geometric Progression)

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CHAPTER 2 : GEOMETRIC PROGRESSIONS

Contents Page

2.1 CONCEPT MAP (GEOMETRIC PROGRESSIONS) 2

2.2 IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMETRIC 3


PROGRESSIONS

2.3 DETERMINE WHETHER A GIVEN SEQUENCE IS A 4


GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

2.4 DETERMINE BY USING FORMULA 6

a) specific terms in geometric progressions


b) The number of terms in geometric progressions

2.5 FIND
6
a) The sum of the first n terms of of geometric
Progressions
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms
of geometric Progressions
c) The value of n ,given the sum of the first n terms
of geometric Progressions

2.6 FIND
a) The sum to infinty of geometric progressions 11
b) The first term or common ratio, given the sum to
infinity

2.7 SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLING GEOMETRIC


PROGRESSIONS 14

SPM Questions 15

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Assessment test 18
Answers 20

CHAPTER 2 : GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

2.1 CONCEPT MAP

PROGRESSION

GEOMETRIC
ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
PROGRESSION

THE n th TERM Tn

Tn = arn-1
.a = first term
.r = Common ratio
.n = number of terms

SUM OF THE FIRST n TERMS

a (r n 1) THE r th TERM Tr
Sn = , r >1
r 1
OR
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a (1 r n ) 16
Sn = , r <1
1 r
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T r = S r - S r 1

SUM OF INFINITY

a
Sn = , -1 < r < 1
1 r

PROGRESSIONS
( Geometric Progression)

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

The sum of the first n term:


The nth term :
Sn = ______________
Tn = ___________
or
or
Sn = ______________
Tn = ___________

a = _______________ Fill in the blank


r = _______________
l = _______________
n = _______________

2.2 Identify characteristics of geometric progression:

EXERCISE 1:
Complete each of the sequence below when give a (fist term ) and r (common ratio) .

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A .r the first four terms of geometric progression,

Example:
a) -3 2 -3, (-3)(2)1 = - 6, (-3)(2)2 = -12, (-3)(2)3 = -24

.b) 3 -2

.c) 4 3

.d) -6 -2

1 1
.e)
2 3

1 4
.f) y y
3 3

2.3 Determine whether a given sequence is an geometric progression

EXERCISE 2 :

2.3.1 Determine whether a given sequence below is an geometric progression.

Example : .r = common ratio

a) -8, 4, -2, 4 1 2 1
.r = = , = (true)
8 2 4 2

b) 5, 11, 17, 23,

c) 16, -8, 4,..

d) -20, -50, -30, -35,..

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1 2 4
e) x, x, x
3 9 27

f) a5, a4 b, a3 b2

1 1 1
g) , , ,.
4 12 36

1 1 1
h) , , ,
27 9 3

EXERCISE 3 :

2.3.2 Given that the first three terms of a geometric progression are below.
Find the value of x

Geometric progression Value x


Example : x 4 2x 2
=
a) .x, x + 4, 2x + 2, x x4
2
(x + 4) = x(2x + 2)
.x2 + 8x + 16 = 2x2 + 2x
0 = x2 6x 19
0 = (x 8)(x + 2)
.x 8 = 0 @ x + 2 = 0
Hence x = 8 @ x = -2

b) x, x + 2 , x + 3

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c) x + 3, 5x - 3, 7x + 3

e) x 6, x, 2x + 16

2.4 Determine by using formula:

Tn = arn-1

EXERCISE 4:

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2.4.1 specific terms in arithmetic progressions

Example : 2. Find the 8 th term of the geometric


1. Find the 7 th term of the geometric progression.
progression. 16, -8, 4,
- 8, 4 , -2 , ..
Solution:
4 1
a=-8 r= =
8 2
1 7-1
T7 = (-8)( )
2
1
=
8

3. For the geometric progression 4. Find the 3 th term of the geometric


4 2 progression
, , 1 , .. ,find the 9 th term .
9 3 50, 40, 32.

5. Find the 10 th term of geometric 6. Given that geometric progression


progression a5, a4 b, a3 b2 5.6, 1.4, 0.35,
Find the 10th term.

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2.4.2 Find the number of terms of the arithmetic progression

EXERCISE 5:

Example :
1 b) 2, -4, 8, 512
a) 64, - 32, 16,.-
8
1 1
Tn = - a = 64, r = -
8 2
1 1
64 n1 = -
2 8
1 n1 1 1
=
2 64 8
1 n1 1 6 1 3
=
2 2 2
1 n1 1 9
=
2 2
.n - 1 = 9
.n = 10

5 4 2 81
. c) 405, - 135, 45, - .d) , , 1.. ,
27 9 3 16

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2.5 Find
d) The sum of the first n terms of geometric progressions
e) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of geometric progressions
f) The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of geometric progressions.

a (r n 1)
Sn = , r >1
r 1
OR
a (1 r n )
Sn = , r <1
1 r

2.5.1 Find the sum of the first n terms of geometric progressions

EXERCISE 6:

geometric progressions Find the sum of the first n term

Example :
2(1 (2) 7 )
.a) 2, - 4, 8, S7 = = 86
1 (2)
4
.a = 2 r= = -2
2

b) 5, 10, 20.. S8

c) 12, -6, 3 S9

1 2 4 S6
d) x, x, x,.
3 9 27

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2.5.2 The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of geometric progressions

EXERCISE 7:

geometric progressions Find the sum of the first n term

Example 1
1
Tn =
1 64
.a) 4, 2, 1,
64 1 1
4 n1 =
2 64
2 1
.a = 4 r= = 1 n1 1 1
4 2 =
2 4 64
1 n1 1 2 1
= 6

2 2 2
n1=8
n=9

S9 =

4 1 1 / 2
9
= 7 63
1 1 / 2 64

3 1, 3, 9,. 2187.

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3
c) 24, 12, 6, .
4

2.5.3 The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of geometric
progressions.

EXERCISE 8 :

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2.4 Find :
a) the sum to infinity of geometric progressions
b) the first term or common ratio, given the sum to infinity of geometric

Example :
1 27
.a) The first and 4th tems of a geometric progression are and .
2 128
Find the value of r
Solution :
27
T4 =
128

1 3 27
(r ) =
2 128

27 2
(r 3 ) =
128 1

27 3
(r 3 ) = , Hence r =
64 4

1 1
b) The first and 6th tems of a geometric progression are 2 and 607 .
2 2
Find the value of r

2 22
c) The common ratio and 5th tems of a geometric progression are and 7 .
3 27
Find the value of a

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progressions.

S sum to infinity
a
S a = first term
1 r
r = common ratio

EXERCISE 9:

1. 24, 3.6, 0.54, .


Find the sum to infinity of a given
geomertric progression below:

Example:

2 2
6, 2, , ,.......
3 9

a=6
2 1 2. 81, -27,9, ..
r
6 3
a
S
1 r
6
=
1
1- -
3
9
=
2 1 1 1
3. , , ,....... ..
2 4 8

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EXERCISE 10:

1. The sum to infinity of a geometric 2. Given that the common ratio of


progression is 200. Given that the 1
first geometric progression is . The sum
25
term is 52. Find the common ratio. of the first n terms,where n is large
enough such that r n 0 is 75. Find
the first term.

Example: 3. The sum to infinity of a geometric


The sum to infinity of a geometric progression is 600 and the common
progression is 8. Given that the first ratio is 0.4 . Find
term is 2. Find a) the first term
a) the common ratio b) the minimum number of
b) the third term terms such that the sum of
terms to be more then 599.
Solution:
a)
S 8
a
8
1 r
2
8
1 r
3
r=
4

b)

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Tn ar n 1
31
3
=2
4
9
=
8

4. Express each of the recurring decimal below as a fraction in its simplest form.

Example: Example:

0.3 4.020202

0.3= 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + .. 4.020202... 4 0.02 0.0002 0.000002 ...


0.3 0.02
=4+
1 0.1 1-0.01
0.3 0.02
=4+
0.9 0.99
1 2
=4
3 99

a) 0.444. c) 1.121212..

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b) 0.232323 d) 5.070707...

2.5 Solve problems involving geometric progressions:

EXERCISE 11:

Example: Osman is allowed to spend an


A garderner has a task of cutting the allocation of RM1 million where
grass of a lawn with an area of 1000 m 2 . the maximum withdrawal each day
On the first day, he cut an area of 16m 2 . must not exceed twice the amount
On each successive day, he cuts an area withdrawn the day before. If
1.1 times the area that he cut the previous Osman withdraws RM200 on the
day the task is completed. Find first day, determine after how
a) the area that is cut on the 10th day. many days the amount of money
b) The number of the days needed to allocated will all be used up.
complete the task.

Solution:
a) a=16 , r=1.1

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Tn ar n 1
T10 16(1.1)9
= 37.73 m 2

b) Sn 1000

16 1.1n -1 1000
1.1-1
160(1.1n 1) 1000
1.1n 1 6.25
1.1n > 7.25
log 1.1n log 7.25
n log1.1 log 7.25
log7.25
n >
log1.1
n >20.79
The smallest integer value of n is 21
hence,the number of the days needed to complete
the task is 21 days.

SPM QUESTIONS:

1. 2003 (Paper 1: No.8)

In a geometric progression, the first term is 64 and the fourth term is 27. Caculate
(a) the common ratio
(b) the sum to infinity of the geometric progression.
[4 marks]

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2. 2004(Paper 1: No.9)

4
Given a geometric progression y, 2, , p,..... ,express p in terms of y.
y

3. 2004(Paper 1: No.12 )

Express the recurring decimal 0.969696as a fraction in its simplest form.


[4 marks]

4. 2004(Paper2: Section A: No.6)

Diagram 2 shows the arrangement of the first three of an infinite series of similar
triangles. The first triangle has a base of x cm and a height of y cm. The
measurements of the base and height of each subsequent triangle are half of
the measurements of its previous one.

y cm

xcm
Diagram 2

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(a) Show that the areas of the triangles form a geometric progression and state
the common ratio. [3 marks]
(b) Given that x= 80 cm and y= 40 cm,
1
(i) determine which triangle has an area of 6 cm 2 ,
4
2
(ii) find the sum to infinity of the areas, in cm , of the triangles. [5 marks]

5. 2005 (Paper 1 : No.10)

The first three terms of a sequence are 2 , x , 8


Find the positive value of x so that the sequence is
(a) an arithmetic progression
(b) a geometric progression [4 marks]

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6. 2005 (Paper 1: No. 12)

The sum of the first n terms of the geometric progression 8,24,72,.is 8744.
Find
(a) the common ratio of the progression
(b) the value of n [4 marks]

ASSESSMENT:
1. The first three terms of a geometric progression are 2x + 3, x and x 2
with a common ratio r , where -1 < r < 1. Find
(a) the value of x
(b) the sum of the first n terms ,where n is large enough such
that r n 0

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2. In the progression 5 , 10 , 20 , 40 , . Find the least number of


terms required such that their sum exceeds 1000.

3. The third term and the sixth term of a geometric progression are
27 and 8 respectively. Find the second term.

31
4. In a geometric progression, the sum of the first five terms is .
8
1
Given that the common ratio is . Find
2
(a) the first term
(b) the sum of all the terms from the fourth to the sixth term.

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5. The third term of a geometric progression exceeds the second term


by 6 while the fourth term exceeds the third term by 2. Find the
sum of the first 5 terms.

ANSWERS:
EXERCISE 1: EXERCISE 2:
b) 3, 6, -12, 24 a) true
c) 4, 12, 36, 108 b) false
d) -6, 12, 124, 48 c) true
1 1 1 1 d) false
e) , , , e) true
2 6 18 54
f) true
y 4 y 2 16 y 3 64 y 4
f) , , , g) false
3 9 27 81 h) true
EXERCISE 3: EXERCISE 4:
b) x = -4 1
c) x = 3 1. T 7 = -
8
d) x = -12 @ x = 8 1
2. T 8 = -
2
26344
3. T 9 =
2304
4. T 3 = 32
b9
5. T 10 = 4
a
6. T 10 = 0.000021
EXERCISE 5: EXERCISE 6:
b) n = 9 b) 275
c) n = 8 1
d) n = 7 c) 8
64
665
d)
729
EXERCISE 7: EXERCISE 8:
c) n = 8, S 8 = 3280 b) r = 3
d) n = 9, S 9 = -1022 c) a = 3
1
e) n = 6, S 6 = 47
4

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EXERCISE 9: EXERCISE 10:


1. 28.24 2. r=0.74
3 3. a=72
2. 60 4. a) 360 b) 7
4
3. 1 4
a)
9
23
b)
99
5.
4
c) 1
33
7
d) 5
99

EXERCISE 11: SPM QUESTION:


13 days 3
1. a) r b) S 256
4
8
2. p 2
y
32
3.
33
1
4. a) r
4
1
b)i. n=5 ii. 2133
3
5. a) x=5 b) x=4
6. a) r=3 b) n=7

ASSESSMENT:

27
1. a) x=3 b)
2
2. 8

1
3. 40
2
7
4. a) -2 b)
16
1
5. 40
3

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