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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 1
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
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CONTENTS PAGE
2
1.1 Identify characteristics of arithmetic progression
1.4 Find
a) The sum of the first n terms of arithmetic
progressions 6
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive
terms of arithmetic progressions
c) The value of n , given the sum of the first n
terms of arithmetic progressions.
ASSESSMENT 11-12
ANSWERS 13
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PROGRESSIONS
( Arithmetic Progression)
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
a = _______________
d = _______________
l = _______________ Fill in the blank
n = _______________
a) 2, _____ , 8 , ______ , 14 , 17
b) -2 , -5 , ______ , -11 , ________
1
c) -4, ______ , ______ , ,2
2
d) 2x -3 , 2x -1 , __________ , __________ , 2x + 5
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a) 5 , 11 , 17 , 23 , .. ( ____________________ )
c) 1 , 4 , 9 , 16 , ( ____________________ )
d) 2x + y , 4x y , 6x -3y , ( ____________________ )
Note:
If x,y and z are three terms of
an arithmetic progression ,
yx=z-y
4. Given that the first three terms of an arithmetic progression are 2 y,3 y 3 and 5y+1 .
Find the value of y.
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Tn a(n1)d
EXERCISE 3:
1. Find the 9th term of the arithmetic 2. Find the 11th term of the arithmetic
progression. progression.
2, 5 , 8 , .. 5
3, , 2,........
Solution: 2
a=2
d = 5-2=3
T9 2 (9 1)3
= _______
3. For the arithmetic progression 4. Find the nth term of the arithmetic
0.7, 2.1 , 3.5, .. ,find the 5th term . progression
1
4, 6 , 9,.....
2
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EXERCISE 4:
Tn 64
4 + (n-1)5=64
4+ 5n-5 =64
5n=65
n= 13
1 1 1
c) 1,1 ,1 ,......, 4
6 3 2
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1.4 Find
a) the sum of the first n terms of arithmetic progressions.
b) the sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of arithmetic
progressions.
c) the value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of arithmetic
progressions.
n
S 2 a n 1 d
2
n
n
or Sn = a + l
2
l = t h e n th t e r m
EXERCISE 5:
1. Find the sum of the first 12 terms of 2. Find the sum of all the terms of the
the arithmetic progression arithmetic progression
-10 , -7 , -4, 38 , 31 , 24 , ., -18
Solution:
Sum of all the terms from the 6th term
to the 14th
= S14 S5
=
=
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EXERCISE 6:
1. The 5th and 9th of arithmetic 2. The 2nd and 8th terms of an arithmetic
progression are 4 and 16 respectively. progression are -9 and 3 respectively.
Find the 15th term. Find
Solution: a) the first term and the comman
T5 4 difference.
a (5 1)d 4 b) the sum of 10 terms beginning from
the 12th term.
a 4d 4 ......(1)
T9 16
a+(9-1)d=16
a+8d=16 ......(2)
Solve simultaneous equation to find
the value of a and d, then the 15th term.
3. The sum of the first 6 terms of an 4. The sum of the first n terms is given
arithmetic progression is 39 and the by S n 6n 2 3n
sum of the next 6 terms is -69. Find Find
a) the first term and the common a) the nth term in terms of n
difference b) the common difference
b) the sum of all the terms from the
15th term to the 25th term.
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SPM QUESTIONS:
1. 2003:
Paper 1: (no. 7)
2. 2004:
Paper 1: ( no 10)
Given an arithmetic progression -7, -3, 1, . , state three consecutive terms in this
progression which sum up to 75 3 marks
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The volume of water in a tank is 450 litres on the first day. Subsequently, 10 litres of
water is added to the tank everyday.
Calculate the volume , in litres , of water in the tank at the end of the 7th day.
2 marks
4. 2005:
Paper 1: (no. 11)
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Diagram 1
The number of bricks in the lowest row is 100. For each of the rows, the number of
bricks is 2 less than in the row below. The height of each bricks is 6 cm.
Ali builds a wall by arranging bricks in this way. The number of bricks in the highest
row is 4. Calculate
a) the height , in cm, of the wall [ 3 marks ]
b) the total price of the bricks used if the price of one brick is 40 sen. [ 3 marks ]
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ASSESSMENT:
2. Given that k-1 , 2k 4 and k +5 are the first three terms of arithmetic progression.
Find the common difference.
3. Calculate how many months it will take to repay a debt of RM5800 by monthly
payment of RM100 initially with an increase of RM20 for each month after that.
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4. The 4th of an arithmetic progression is 18 and the sum of the first eight terms
of the progression is 124. Find
a) the first term and the common difference
b) the sum of all the terms from the 10th term to the 20th term.
5. Sum of the first ten of the arithmetic progression is 230 and sum of ten terms
after that is 830. Find the first term and the common difference.
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ANSWERS:
EXERCISE 1: EXERCISE 2:
a) 5,11 1. a) Arithmetic progression
b) -8,-14 b) Not an arithmetic progression
1 c) Not an arithmetic progression
c) 2 , 1 d) Arithmetic progression
2
d) 2x+1,2x+3 1
2. k
3
3. x = 4
4. y = 5
EXERCISE 3: EXERCISE 4:
1. 26 1. a) 13
2. -2 b) 26
3. 6.3 c) 22
1 d) 45
4. Tn 5n 3
2 2. T106
5. 7k+6 3. T26 4
6. T10 9 12 x 4. 12
EXERCISE 5: EXERCISE 6:
1. 34
1. 78 2. a) -11,2
2. 90 b) 200
3. 369 3. a) a=14 , d= -3
4. 40 b) -473
4. a) Tn=12n-3
b) d=12
ASSESSMENT: PAST YEAR QUESTION:
1. a) 49 1. a) k=7
b) 2891 b) S9 252
2. 3 2. T10 29, T9 25, T8 21
3. 20
4. a) 33,-5 3. T7 510
b) -407 4. a) 4
5. 4,6 b) 1100
5. a) 294
b) RM1019.20
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ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM 5
MODULE 2
PROGRESSIONS
(Geometric Progression)
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Contents Page
2.5 FIND
6
a) The sum of the first n terms of of geometric
Progressions
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms
of geometric Progressions
c) The value of n ,given the sum of the first n terms
of geometric Progressions
2.6 FIND
a) The sum to infinty of geometric progressions 11
b) The first term or common ratio, given the sum to
infinity
SPM Questions 15
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Assessment test 18
Answers 20
PROGRESSION
GEOMETRIC
ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
PROGRESSION
THE n th TERM Tn
Tn = arn-1
.a = first term
.r = Common ratio
.n = number of terms
a (r n 1) THE r th TERM Tr
Sn = , r >1
r 1
OR
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a (1 r n ) 16
Sn = , r <1
1 r
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T r = S r - S r 1
SUM OF INFINITY
a
Sn = , -1 < r < 1
1 r
PROGRESSIONS
( Geometric Progression)
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
EXERCISE 1:
Complete each of the sequence below when give a (fist term ) and r (common ratio) .
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Example:
a) -3 2 -3, (-3)(2)1 = - 6, (-3)(2)2 = -12, (-3)(2)3 = -24
.b) 3 -2
.c) 4 3
.d) -6 -2
1 1
.e)
2 3
1 4
.f) y y
3 3
EXERCISE 2 :
a) -8, 4, -2, 4 1 2 1
.r = = , = (true)
8 2 4 2
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1 2 4
e) x, x, x
3 9 27
f) a5, a4 b, a3 b2
1 1 1
g) , , ,.
4 12 36
1 1 1
h) , , ,
27 9 3
EXERCISE 3 :
2.3.2 Given that the first three terms of a geometric progression are below.
Find the value of x
b) x, x + 2 , x + 3
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c) x + 3, 5x - 3, 7x + 3
e) x 6, x, 2x + 16
Tn = arn-1
EXERCISE 4:
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EXERCISE 5:
Example :
1 b) 2, -4, 8, 512
a) 64, - 32, 16,.-
8
1 1
Tn = - a = 64, r = -
8 2
1 1
64 n1 = -
2 8
1 n1 1 1
=
2 64 8
1 n1 1 6 1 3
=
2 2 2
1 n1 1 9
=
2 2
.n - 1 = 9
.n = 10
5 4 2 81
. c) 405, - 135, 45, - .d) , , 1.. ,
27 9 3 16
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2.5 Find
d) The sum of the first n terms of geometric progressions
e) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of geometric progressions
f) The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of geometric progressions.
a (r n 1)
Sn = , r >1
r 1
OR
a (1 r n )
Sn = , r <1
1 r
EXERCISE 6:
Example :
2(1 (2) 7 )
.a) 2, - 4, 8, S7 = = 86
1 (2)
4
.a = 2 r= = -2
2
b) 5, 10, 20.. S8
c) 12, -6, 3 S9
1 2 4 S6
d) x, x, x,.
3 9 27
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EXERCISE 7:
Example 1
1
Tn =
1 64
.a) 4, 2, 1,
64 1 1
4 n1 =
2 64
2 1
.a = 4 r= = 1 n1 1 1
4 2 =
2 4 64
1 n1 1 2 1
= 6
2 2 2
n1=8
n=9
S9 =
4 1 1 / 2
9
= 7 63
1 1 / 2 64
3 1, 3, 9,. 2187.
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c) 24, 12, 6, .
4
2.5.3 The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of geometric
progressions.
EXERCISE 8 :
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2.4 Find :
a) the sum to infinity of geometric progressions
b) the first term or common ratio, given the sum to infinity of geometric
Example :
1 27
.a) The first and 4th tems of a geometric progression are and .
2 128
Find the value of r
Solution :
27
T4 =
128
1 3 27
(r ) =
2 128
27 2
(r 3 ) =
128 1
27 3
(r 3 ) = , Hence r =
64 4
1 1
b) The first and 6th tems of a geometric progression are 2 and 607 .
2 2
Find the value of r
2 22
c) The common ratio and 5th tems of a geometric progression are and 7 .
3 27
Find the value of a
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progressions.
S sum to infinity
a
S a = first term
1 r
r = common ratio
EXERCISE 9:
Example:
2 2
6, 2, , ,.......
3 9
a=6
2 1 2. 81, -27,9, ..
r
6 3
a
S
1 r
6
=
1
1- -
3
9
=
2 1 1 1
3. , , ,....... ..
2 4 8
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EXERCISE 10:
b)
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Tn ar n 1
31
3
=2
4
9
=
8
4. Express each of the recurring decimal below as a fraction in its simplest form.
Example: Example:
0.3 4.020202
a) 0.444. c) 1.121212..
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b) 0.232323 d) 5.070707...
EXERCISE 11:
Solution:
a) a=16 , r=1.1
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Tn ar n 1
T10 16(1.1)9
= 37.73 m 2
b) Sn 1000
16 1.1n -1 1000
1.1-1
160(1.1n 1) 1000
1.1n 1 6.25
1.1n > 7.25
log 1.1n log 7.25
n log1.1 log 7.25
log7.25
n >
log1.1
n >20.79
The smallest integer value of n is 21
hence,the number of the days needed to complete
the task is 21 days.
SPM QUESTIONS:
In a geometric progression, the first term is 64 and the fourth term is 27. Caculate
(a) the common ratio
(b) the sum to infinity of the geometric progression.
[4 marks]
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2. 2004(Paper 1: No.9)
4
Given a geometric progression y, 2, , p,..... ,express p in terms of y.
y
3. 2004(Paper 1: No.12 )
Diagram 2 shows the arrangement of the first three of an infinite series of similar
triangles. The first triangle has a base of x cm and a height of y cm. The
measurements of the base and height of each subsequent triangle are half of
the measurements of its previous one.
y cm
xcm
Diagram 2
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(a) Show that the areas of the triangles form a geometric progression and state
the common ratio. [3 marks]
(b) Given that x= 80 cm and y= 40 cm,
1
(i) determine which triangle has an area of 6 cm 2 ,
4
2
(ii) find the sum to infinity of the areas, in cm , of the triangles. [5 marks]
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The sum of the first n terms of the geometric progression 8,24,72,.is 8744.
Find
(a) the common ratio of the progression
(b) the value of n [4 marks]
ASSESSMENT:
1. The first three terms of a geometric progression are 2x + 3, x and x 2
with a common ratio r , where -1 < r < 1. Find
(a) the value of x
(b) the sum of the first n terms ,where n is large enough such
that r n 0
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3. The third term and the sixth term of a geometric progression are
27 and 8 respectively. Find the second term.
31
4. In a geometric progression, the sum of the first five terms is .
8
1
Given that the common ratio is . Find
2
(a) the first term
(b) the sum of all the terms from the fourth to the sixth term.
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ANSWERS:
EXERCISE 1: EXERCISE 2:
b) 3, 6, -12, 24 a) true
c) 4, 12, 36, 108 b) false
d) -6, 12, 124, 48 c) true
1 1 1 1 d) false
e) , , , e) true
2 6 18 54
f) true
y 4 y 2 16 y 3 64 y 4
f) , , , g) false
3 9 27 81 h) true
EXERCISE 3: EXERCISE 4:
b) x = -4 1
c) x = 3 1. T 7 = -
8
d) x = -12 @ x = 8 1
2. T 8 = -
2
26344
3. T 9 =
2304
4. T 3 = 32
b9
5. T 10 = 4
a
6. T 10 = 0.000021
EXERCISE 5: EXERCISE 6:
b) n = 9 b) 275
c) n = 8 1
d) n = 7 c) 8
64
665
d)
729
EXERCISE 7: EXERCISE 8:
c) n = 8, S 8 = 3280 b) r = 3
d) n = 9, S 9 = -1022 c) a = 3
1
e) n = 6, S 6 = 47
4
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ASSESSMENT:
27
1. a) x=3 b)
2
2. 8
1
3. 40
2
7
4. a) -2 b)
16
1
5. 40
3
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