THERE ARE THINGS TO BE DONE FOR A FULL

DEMOCRACY AMRICA LATINA 1996 -2000

P. Do you think democracy is fully estsblished or do you think it is not fully established and there are things
to be done for a full democracy?
100

90

80 79 81
81
77
70

60

50

40

30

20
13 18 18
15
10
6
5 3 4
0
1996 1997 1998 2000
Democracy y y fully
y established
There are things to be done for a full democracy
NS/NR

Fuente: Latinobarmetro 1996-2000: n = 18.717/ 17.767/ 17.907/ 18.135

 HOW DEMOCRATIC IS COUNTRY?
AMRICA LATINA 1997-2006 / TOTALES BY COUNTRY 2006
P. In a scale from 1 to 10, please tell us how democratic is ( country). One means that (County)
(County) is not
democratic and 10 means that (Country) is fully democratic Where would you place (Country)...?
* Here averages
Uruguay 7.2
10 Venezuela 7
Rep. Dominicana 6.4
9 Honduras 6.1
Panam 6
8
Argentina 6
7 M xico 5.9
Chile 5.9
6
Colombia 5.9
5.8 5.5 5.8
5 Brasil 5.9
Bolivia 5.7
4
Ecuador 5.6
3 Nicaragua 5.3
Per 5.2
2 Guatemala 5
1 El Salvador 4.8
Paraguay 3.9
0 Amrica Latina 5.8
1997 2005 2006
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Fuente: Latinobarmetro 1997-2006

 LEVELS OF INCONSISTENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS
DEMOCRACY
Number
N b off N
Non-favorable
f bl Mentions
M ti towards
t d Democracy
D
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 - 7
2 0 0 1 1 1 2 6 - - 10
Number of
3 0 0 1 1 2 9 - - - 13
Favorable
4 0 1 1 3 12 - - - - 17
Mentions
5 0 1 3 15 - - - - - 19
towards
6 0 2 14 - - - - - - 16
Democracy
7 1 9 - - - - - - - 10
8 4 - - - - - - - - 4
Total 8 14 20 20 16 11 7 3 1 100
* Numbers represent % of the total of the sample (and not of the column) At least 49% of the Latin
Americans have inconsistent
attitudes towards the
democracy
Q. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements.
In democracy, the economic system generally works well/ Democracy may have problems, but it is the best system of government/ I would not mind a non
democratic government in power if it could solve the economic problems/ More than political parties and elections, what we lack is a decisive leader who is
dedicated to resolving problems/ I prefer democracy to a leader with powers unlimited by law/Only with a democratic system can (country) become a
developed country/ Elections offer the voters a real option to choose between parties and candidates
candidates.
Q. Please look at this card and tell me how much confidence you have in? Democracy as a government system with which (country)
can become a developed country
NOTE: Favorable mentions towards democracy refer to the number of times that the interviewee responds Agree or Strongly agree with
a favorable affirmation towards the democracy or Disagree or Strongly disagree with a non favorable affirmation towards the democracy.
Unfavorable mentions towards democracy refers to the inverse case.
Source: LATINOBARMETRO 2003
 ATTITUDES TOWARDS DEMOCRACY
LATIN AMERICA 2003
Democratic Non Democratic
Non-Democratic
DK / NA
Attitude Attitude
Elections offer the voters a real option to choose between parties and
67 25 8
candidates.
Democracy may have problems, but it is the best system of
64 26 10
government
Only with a democratic system can (country) become a developed
64 26 10
country.
I prefer democracy to a leader with powers unlimited by law 58 33 9
Confidence in democracy as a government system with which
55 34 11
(country) can become a developed country
I would not mind a non democratic government in power if it could
52 39 9
solve
l e the eeconomic
i problems
ble

In democracy, the economic system generally works well 49 40 10

More than political parties and elections, what we lack is a decisive

23 68 9
l d who
leader h isi dedicated
d di d to resolving
l i problems
bl

Q. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements.
In democracy, the economic system generally works well/ Democracy may have problems, but it is the best system of government/ I would not mind a non
democratic government in power if it could solve the economic problems/ More than political parties and elections, what we lack is a decisive leader who is
dedicated to resolving problems/ I prefer democracy to a leader with powers unlimited by law/Only with a democratic system can (country) become a
developed country/ Elections offer the voters a real option to choose between parties and candidates.
Q. Please look at this card and tell me how much confidence you have in? Democracy as a government system with which (country)
can become a developed country
NOTE: Democratic attitude refers when an interviewee Agrees or Strongly agrees with a favorable affirmation towards democracy or
Disagrees or Strongly disagrees with a non favorable affirmation towards the democracy. Non democratic Attitude refers to the inverse case.
Source: LATINOBARMETRO 2003
 SUMMARY OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS DEMOCRACY
TOTALS BY COUNTRY, 2006
Q In g
Q. general,, how would yyou describe the countrys
y p present economic situation? Would yyou say
y it is very
y
good, good, about average, bad or very bad? * Answer shown Very good plus good.
How Confidence The The Democracy Democracy is Support for Satisfaction
democratic in governmen country its creates preferable to any democracy with
the country democracy t seeks the governed conditions to other kind of democracy
is with which welfare of for the prosper government
country can the people good of
become a everyone
developed
country

% % % % % % % %
Argentina 6 70 56 22 72 85 74 50
Bolivia 5,7 59 64 38 67 76 62 39
Brasil 5,9 50 57 36 70 74 46 36
Chile 5,9 61 62 28 68 74 56 42
Colombia 5,9 56 57 22 71 76 53 33
Costa Rica 6,8 66 64 27 62 80 75 48
Ecuador 56
5,6 38 42 11 48 66 54 22
El Salvador 4,8 39 46 14 49 60 51 25
Guatemala 5 47 59 19 67 68 41 31
Honduras 6,1 46 62 20 65 66 51 34
Mxico 5,9 58 56 31 69 68 54 41
Nicaragua 5,3 44 54 15 70 68 56 26
Panam 6 61 53 17 65 78 55 40
P
Paraguay 39
3,9 38 31 16 50 54 41 12
Per 5,2 45 58 20 63 69 55 23
Rep.
Dominicana 6,4 72 74 43 75 87 71 49
Uruguay 7,2 79 72 50 76 89 77 66
Venezuela 7 78 78 25 84 89 70 57

Source: Latinobarmetro 2006. n=20.234.

 DEMOCRACY INDEX LATIN AMERICA 2006
Democracy index made from questions Q18st: This is a scale to rate how democratic (Country) is. The top 10, means that (country)
is totally democratic
democratic, the bottom 11, means is not democratic
democratic.
Q19st. Tell me how much confidence you have in? Democracy as a governmental system with wich (country) can become a
developed country.
Q20stm. In general, would tou say that the country is governed for the benefit of a few powerful groups or for the good of everyone
Q22st.a. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements: Democracy may have problems
but it is the best system of government.
Q22st.b. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements: With its decisions, the
governmentt seeks k the
th welfare
lf off people.
l
Q22na.c. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements: Democracy creates the
conditions in which people like me can prosper through their own efforts. High index means 5 or 6; Medium means 3 or 4; Low
means 0,1 or 2.
Uruguay 7 31 61
Repblica Dominicana 7 36 57
Venezuela 7 41 53
Costa Rica 11 41 48
Argentina 14 44
43
Panam 16
4143
Chile 22 39
39
Honduras 0
20
38 42
Colombia 18 46
35
Mxico 21 47
32
Nicaragua 19 50
31
Bolivia 17 31
Per 22 53
31 48
Brasil 17 54
30
Guatemala 17 57
26
El Salvador 26
36 39
Ecuador 30 45
24
Paraguay 43
44
13

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
High Medium Low

Source: Latinobarmetro 2006

 SUPPORT FOR AND SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY
BY INDEX LATIN AMERICA 2006
Democracy index made from questions Q18st: This is a scale to rate how democratic (Country) is. The top 10, means that
(
(country)
t ) is
i totally
t t ll democratic,
d ti th
the b
bottom
tt 1 means iis nott d
1, democratic.
ti
Q19st. Tell me how much confidence you have in? Democracy as a governmental system with wich (country) can become a
developed country.
Q20stm. In general, would tou say that the country is governed for the benefit of a few powerful groups or for the good of
everyone
Q22st.a. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements: Democracy may have
problems but it is the best system
p y of g
government.
Q22st.b. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements: With its decisions, the
government seeks the welfare of people.
Q22na.c. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statements: Democracy creates the
conditions in which people like me can prosper through their own efforts. High index means 5 or 6; Medium means 3 or 4; Low
means 0,1 or 2.

68
Support with
65
Democracy
60

53
Satisfaction with
43
Democracy
31

0 20 40 60 80
Low democracy index Medium democracy index High democracy index

Source: Latinobarmetro 2006

 THERE CAN BE NO DEMOCRACY WITHOUT PARTIES
AND CONGRESS TOTALS BY COUNTRY, 2006
Q1. Some people say that political parties there can be democracy
Q1 democracy, while others say that democracy can work without political
parties. Which is closer to your view? Q2. Some people say that without a National Congress. Which is closer to your view?.

Table: interviewees who say that, without Congress and without parties,
there can be not democracy

Without Parties Without Cangress

Repbica Dom 77 80
Costa Rica 73 75
Uruguay 71 73
A
Argentina
ti 64 71
Nicaragua 64 66
Venezuela 58 65
Honduras 57 64
El Salvador 56 54
Chile 53 59
Per 52 54
Mxico 52 54
Colombia 51 54
Guatemala 50 52
Brasil 45 50
Ecuador 45 42
Panam 42 49
Paraguay 39 47
Bolivia 38 47

Promedio 58 55

Source: Latinobarmetro 2006.n= 20.234

 SUPPORT - SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY AND
PIB PER CAPITA LATIN AMERICA 1995-2006

76

66
61 63 62
56 58 57 58
56 53 53 53
48
46
41
36 38 37 36 38
33 31
27 29 29
26 25

16

6 44
4.4
38
3.8 2.3 3 4
0.9 0.4
-1.3 -2.3
-4

Suport for Democracy Satisfaction with Democracy Growth per capita

Source: Latinobarmetro 1995-2006: n = 18.717/ 17.767/ 17.907/ 18.135/ 18.135/ 18.522/ 18.658/ 19.605/20.207/ 20.234
 EVOLUTION SUPPORT AND SATISFACTIO WITH
DEMOCRACY TOTALS BY COUNTRY 1995 - 2005
P. Which of the followingg statements do y you agree
g with most?*Here only y Democracy y is p
preferable to any y
other kind of government and In certain situations, an authoritarian government can be preferable to a
democratic one. (No Demcratas)
P. In general, would you say that you are very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied
with the way democracy works in (nation)? *Here Very satisfied more Fairly satisfied
SATISFACCIN DEMCRATAS NO
APOYO A LA
(Comparacin INSATISFECHOS DEMCRATAS
DEMOCRACIA
PASES entre 1996 y 2005) (Comparacin 200 5
(Comparacin
entre demcratas y
entre 1996 y 2005)
satisfechos 2005)

Venezuela 76 62 = + 14 56 30 = + 24 76 56 = + 20 11
Honduras 33 42 = - 9 26 19 = + 7 33 26 = + 14 10
Chile 59 54 = + 5 43 28 = + 15 56 43 = + 16 11
Mxico 59 53 = + 6 24 12 = + 12 59 24 = + 35 13
Nicaragua 57 59 = 0 18 24 = - 6 59 18 = + 41 10
Paraguay 32 59 = - 27 17 21 = - 4 32 17 = + 15 44
Bolivia 49 64 = - 15 24 25 = - 1 49 24 = + 25 19
Per 40 63 = - 23 13 28 = - 15 40 13 = + 27 20
Guatemala 32 50 = - 18 28 17 = + 11 32 28 = + 5 17
Colombia 46 60 = - 14 29 16 = + 13 46 29 = + 17 11
Costa Rica 73 80 = - 13 39 51 = - 12 73 39 = + 34 8
Panam 52 75 = - 23 20 28 = - 8 54 20 = + 34 12
Brasil 37 50 = - 9 22 20 = + 2 37 22 = + 15 18
Argentina 65 71 = - 5 34 34 = 0 65 34 = + 31 15
Ecuador 43 52 = - 9 14 33 = - 19 43 14 = + 29 18
El Salvador
S l d 59 56 = + 3 37 26 = + 11 59 37 = + 22 4
Uruguay 77 80 = - 3 63 51 = + 12 77 63 = + 14 10
Total
Sudamrica & 53 61 = - 8 31 27 = + 4 53 31 = + 27 17
Mxico
Total Amrica
Central
52 61 = - 11 30 28 = +3 52 32 = +20 11
Total
AMRICA 53- 61 = - 8 31 29 = + 3 53 31 = +22 15
LATINA

Source: Latinobarmetro 1996-2005: n = 18.717/ 20.205

 CIVIL LIBERTIES AS THE MEANING OF DEMOCRACY
TOTALS BY CONTRY, 2006
Q. To you, what does democracy
democracy mean? * Answer shown Civil and individual liberties.
liberties . **
Multiple answers; total is more than 100%.

67
Repblica Dominicana 47 51

53 63
Panam 33 52
63 69
Venezuela 6769
30 52
Bolivia 14 37
50
49
Uruguay 43 51
49
48
Argentina 4547
47 50
Costa Rica 51
50
38 46
Chile 36
37
45
Nicaragua 34 39
42
El Salvador 18 32 36
25
24 36
Per 36 40
C l
Colombia
bi 16 31 35
4
33 39
Guatemala 26 30
3032
Paraguay 40 45
28 32
Ecuador 27 38
Honduras 2628 33
38
2426
B il
Brasil 23
23
22
22
Mxico 29 34

Latinoamrica 38 42
3537

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2001 2002 2005 2006

Source: Latinobarmetro 2006. n=20.234.

 THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC FOR A
DEMOCRACY: ELECTIONS TOTAL POR PASES 2005
Q People
Q. p often differ in their views on the characteristics which are important
p for a democracy.
y You had to
choose only one of the characteristics, that for you are the most essential to a democracy. * Here only Open
and fair elections
M xico 39
B o livia 39
Venezuela 34
Co sta Rica 31
P er 31
Uruguay 30
Nicaragua 27
Co lo mbia 27
Repblica Do minicana 26
Guatemala 26
A rgentina 25
P anam 24
Ecuado r 23
Ho nduras 19
El Salvado r 19
P araguay 19
Chile 16
B rasil 15
Latino amrica 26
0 10 20 30 40 50

Source: Latinobarmetro 2001-2002 - 2005: n = 18.135/ 18.522/20.2002

 THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC FOR A
DEMOCRACY: ECONOMY TOTAL POR PASES 2005
Q People
Q. p often differ in their views on the characteristics which are important
p for a democracy.
y You had to
choose only one of the characteristics, that for you are the most essential to a democracy. * Here only
economy
B rasil 37
A rgentina 29
P araguay 26
Chile 24
Uruguay 23
Nicaragua 22
Co sta Rica 22
Venezuela 21
Co lo mbia 21
Ecuado r 20
P anam 18
Repblica Do minicana 17
Guatemala 16
El Salvado r 16
M xico 16
P er 15
Ho nduras 14
B o livia 12
Latino amrica 21
0 10 20 30 40 50

Source: Latinobarmetro 2001-2002 - 2005: n = 18.135/ 18.522/20.2002

 SUBJECTIVE INCOME
LATIN AMERICA 1996-2005
Q Do the salary
Q. yyyou receive and y your total family
y income allow y
you to cover y
your needs in a satisfactory
y
manner? Which of the following statements describes your situation * Here Its sufficient and we can save,
and its not sufficient and we problems more its not sufficient and we have major problems ** DNK/DNA,
and its just sufficient and we dont have major problems no esta graficado
70
65 62
60
60
55 53 59 57
50 54
50
50 46
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10 11 10
9 8 8
5 7 6 7 7
0
1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

We can save It is not enough,

g we have g
great difficulties

Source: Latinobarmetro 1995-2005: n = 9.070/18.717/ 17.767/ 17.907/ 18.135/ 18.135/ 18.522/ 18.658/ 19.605/20.207
 TRUST IN INSTITUTIONS
LATIN AMERICA 1996 - 2006
P. Por favor, mire esta tarjeta y dgame, cunta confianza tiene en cada uno de estos grupos/instituciones.
Dira que tiene mucha, algo, poca o ninguna confianza en....? *Aqu Mucha ms Algo.

71
71 34 37
62 71 Municipalities 3132
Church 7172
77
747678
37
37
64 29 37
44 Police 33
3638 45
2930 32
36
TV 30
42 45 49
46 3132 36
50 20
44 Judiciary 25 27
4042 32 34 36
30 38 33
Army forces 38 43
38 42 30 36
2425
41 Government
28
37 43 47
31 2728
President 30 17 24
3839
39 Parliament 2324
2728 36
27
3941 22
27 36 11 1819
Banks Political Parties 14 1920
21 28
20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

1996 1997 1998 1999-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Source: Latinobarmetro 1996-2006.

TRUST IN
LATIN AMERICA, 2006
Q. Please look at this card and tell me how much trust you have in. * Answer
Answer shown A
A lot
lot plus some.
some .

Firefighters 82
Church 71
Radio 69
TV 64
Neighbor 58
President 47
Electoral tribunal 47
Newspapers 44
Armed forces 44
Government 43
Private companies 42
Police 37
Judiciary 36
Parliament/Congress 27
Political parties 22

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Source: Latinobarmetro 2006. n= 20.234

 FACTOR ANALYSIS TRUST IN INSTITUTTIONS
FACTORS
1 2 3 4 5
JUDICIARY 0,79 0,11 0,12 0,11 0,12
CONGRESS 0,78 0,10 - 0,12 0,20
POLITICAL PARTIES 0,69 - 0,14 0,12
ARMED FORCES 0,65 0,15 0,17 - 0,20
THE POLICE 0,62 0,19 0,19 - -
TELEPHONE OPERATOR 0,19 0,70 - - -
NEIGHBORS - 0,70 - - 0,12
PEOPLE WHO WORK OR STUDY AT THE
- 0,69 0,11 - 0,11
SAME PLACE YOU DO/ DID
FIREMEN - 0,68 0,11 - -
MUNICIPAL OFFICIAL 0,31 0,61 - 0,12 -
THE NEWSPAPER 0,14 0,13 0,85 0,14 0,18
THE RADIO 0,12 0,15 0,83 0,13 0,22
TV 0 36
0,36 - 0 68
0,68 -0,13
0 13
THE STOCK EXCHANGE -0,13 - - -0,95 -
UNIONS 0,19 - 0,16 0,93 -
THE PRESIDENT 0,26 0,13 - - 0,86
THE GOVERNMENT 0,32 0,13 0,17 - 0,82

Explained Variance 65%

Number of cases 17892
Extraccin Method: Principal component Analysis with Varimax rotation
* Blank spots are non significant coeficients

Q. Please look at this card and tell me how much confidence you have in?
* All variables are coded 3 Much confidence, 2 Some confidence, 1 A little confidence, 0 no confidence;
Dont know / No response answers are missing values.
Source: LATINOBARMETRO 2003
ABSENCE OF SOCIAL MOBILITY: PRIMARY EDUCATION OF INTERVIEWEE BY
AGE COHORT AND EDUCATION OF PARENTS.
P. What level of education do you have?, What was the last year you completed P. What the level of
education did your parent received? * Population with primary education or less

100 94 97 96
86
80

60

40

20 12
5 3 3
2 1 1
0
Interviewee born after Interviewee born 1963- Interviewee born 1943- Interviewee born before
1977 1977 1962 1943

Parents with primary education or less Parents with secondary education or less
Parents with higher education or less

Source: Latinobarmetro 2006. n=20.234.

 EXPECTATION OF SOCIAL MOBILITY
TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2006
P. Do you think that in (country) a person who is born poor can become rich, or do you think, it
itss not possible
to be born poor and become rich? * Here only a person who is born poor can become rich.
P er 74
Nicaragua 67
Co sta Rica 66
Guatemala 66
Co lo mbia 66
B o livia 65
Ho nduras 65
V
Venezuela
l 64
Rep. Do minicana 63
M xico 62
P anam 62
B rasil 60
Ecuado r 60
El Salvado r 57
Chile 45
A rgentina 38
P araguay 38
Uruguay 34
A merica Latina 58

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Source: Latinobarmetro 2006. n=20.234.