You are on page 1of 311

c WUQ ULu

TuULs
AeX Xm
AoRo AvTou

Rp
X. . WeLW_u

cWUQfWUm
YiQUX 606 603
2002
Sri Ramana Maharishiyin Pon Mozhigal -Tamil
(Tamil version, by La. Su. Rengarajan, of Arthur Osbornes book in English
The Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi in His Own Words.)

cWUQfWUm
YiQUX

RtTl: 2002
1000 WLs

X:

CC No: 2080
ISBN No: 81-88225-62-2

TlT[o
Y.. WUQu
RXYo
c WUQfWUm
YiQUX 606 603
RXT: 91#4175#37292
u]gNp: ashram@ramana-maharshi.org
BQVR[m: www.ramana-maharshi.org

YYUl
c WUQfWUm

@fhPo
TlW
TLYu cWUQo RmU UL Fu\ Fu\
dLiPpX. RU PoLs Fu FYWm B]e
LiPpX. BdLXm YW YiQUXf NW-XV
YNeLi, AfWUj @uToL[ @uTWn AuU
@p NL_Un XLiPYiQm @Yo Li
j DdLjR Su Vo? Fm SW AuU NW
UodLjR, DiU SYo @]Ydm _ UR B]
TRu Y YZe , AuU O]m FV \p
RX\ RX\Vnj RZdL YL-s[o.
cWUQ TLYu TVY FVY Lf NtTU.
Blm, @YW SYkR TdRoLs, NRLoLs, @uToLs
RX]o FlV ]dLdm AuL HVlT Ldm
@Yo RYn, YsVRn Rp YZeV PL[m
VdV]eL[m X LXLhPeLp I X TdRoLs
lTj AeXjp @Uj N Tojs[]o. u]o
@Y R-p AeX tTlL[L cWUQfWUjRp
YPlThP]. ULu PLs Utm FjdLu
AeX AdL YNLeL[d LY]ULj RokRj @Yt\l
TsYVLl jRUj, eLf Np- [eLYdm
UN]eL[m AeLeL N AoRo AvTou*
LoYlTj FV The Teachings of Bhagavan Sri Ramana
Maharshi in His Own Words Fu\ p YVt. @kR
AeX -u Rrl TlT B.

* Arthur Osborne (1906-1970): AdvKTo TpLXd LZLjp Tjl


ThPm Tt\ BkR AeXV @Oo , 1945- Bp YiQUX
Yk R] mTj]W AfWUjp FV YrdL UtLi,
ULu YrdL YWX Utm TR]L[lTt YWULm,
hTULm TX pLs F]o. U[iPu Tj (The Mountain
Path) Fu\ LXi NgLV AfWUju Nop RPeYj
@Ru AVWLj Ru BdLXm YW TVt]o .)
iv c WUQ ULu TuULs
Bj Rr Tlu AVo X. . WeLW_u @YoLs
c TLY]l TtV I X jRLeL[ GtL]Y U
TVojs[o . @Y WUQ TdRoLPVm YNLoL
PVm Tm YWYtTl Tts[] .
cWUQ TLYu TR]L[ LhWLs ,
NtTLs Utm LReLs YXnl TX
LQeLp [dYkR WUQ kR]f tVLm ,
LkV UURVLm LrkR TWVo L. YSRu
( 1896#1994 ) @YoL[ VYm @Yo . UjV @Wu
YP] LXdPh Yodv AKl ULjU Lk
t Rlu WRU AVWLl p-p @u]o
\ll TVt YkRT @lTp @Yd
DQVL @qYYXLjf \l @LVLm ,
u]o Q BVdSWLm X. . WeLW_u TR YjR
Lpt\i LXjp TWVu YXn WUQTY
[dLeLs @jRlThj R LiPYo .
Bk-p BYo Rp BYW UTVodLlTPR
X TL[m , AoRo AvTou [dLd
lL[m Lj UVdLU UVdLj RUt\U
BpXUp SPUm X X Sp-QdLm
LiPRn @Ujs[o. Bk-u NW[SPm, Fj
YuUm BlTp X . . W . Lhs[ WjRVl
WT-d\ . RW , TLYu WUQo SWVL UkR
YNLeLs Utm BVtV NnhLs AeLeL FjR[l
Thj RdL [dLeLPu Bk-p LdLl Ths[].
(@YVY]: cUL YnU , Ds[ StT, Ds[
StT # @TkRm , S]o , NWNeWLm , DTRNUgN .
Bf RlLs UL]XV NTodLlTh
YPl ThPY; ALY ARW oYU]Y).
lhP X LjdL[ BkR -p im im
DWdLlTY Tu Xdj Ru\d m. A]p,
TlW v

Eu Sd]p IqYum Jo V @mNm XlTm.


Ds[ Ds[T Bdm UnmU AuU Iu\,
@Rj RW Y\m BpX Fm DiUVV TLYu
WUQo FlTm Ytjd YkRo. G]p, @R
@kRp @]jm @Vl ThPRm; @R @VX
FR @km Vm TVpX . B @RtLV
DiUVRXp Ls FlYu U]lTdYjt
Gt\Y im im FjWdL Yis[. DPX
Su Fum YN] dLtLRlTRp, AjU NjVm
UuUm Y-jRl T\. @LkRV Unj AuU
DiUV DQoYRtL] mUvWU Su Vo? Fm
DsL NWQ. @Ru Th Sm Lht JPYiPm;
Fem @PThd PdLm YiPm. NnV YiV
YXL[d LojR Su Fum RlTiQuf Nn
Li, @]ju NhVm AuUY _ Su FuTR
SuQW Yim. @Y O]m, @Y d.
NjVju YnUV UL WUQu
TuULs . BkR DWVPpLu YXn AuU
NYR NTWm TLYu WUQo SmPu Sd
So T\o.

c WUQfWUm
Y. . WUQu
YiQUX
RXYo
15-08-2002
uW
(X AeX -p @Ru TlTVo AoRo AvTou
FV uWu RZdLm)
YiQUXp TLYu cWUQ UL* Yrk
YkR Uo 50 YP LXjp BkVu TX TLeL
-km UdLs N NVL Yk RjR YiQkR]o.
UX SL-km TXo Yk T]o . @YoLs
@]Ym TLYu AuL YLhPX SlT\Y,
RU U]fULd ARp RV @pX YU]
ULu NuR]jp Ium @TYjRl
TYRtLLY YkRYoLs. @kR AiLp @Yo RU
FVY Lf NtTU . Am , YTYoL[
DWVLp @Yo UkR TR] YdL[l TXo
j Yjs[]o . @Y cWUQfWUjRp u]o
tTlL[L YPlThP]. @lTlLs TmTm
Shlj Rl Yp @UkR]Y RW, Ts
YVLl TTjRl TPpX . Bd\V Yoj
NnYR Bk-u dV SdLm. @u]W DWVPpLs
Utm FjdL-k YNLeL[j RokRjd
LoYVLl Tj, cWUQ ULu DTRNeL[l
TlTPVLj R\ FjdLhm VtV B.
( @u]oRm TfdL[m FjdL[m Rj
AeXjp The Collected Works of Ramana Maharshi Fu\
RXlp XiPp Ds[ WPo @i LmTm ,
BkVp cWUQfWUm GtL]Y Yhs[]).
BkR -p TlTVu [dLeLs Ld \kR
@[XV AeLeL NLlThs[] . ULu

* _]]m : 1879 NmTo 29; UL NU : 1950 GlWp 14. ULu


YrdLd lT @TkRjp (TdLm 290) LQXm .
viii c WUQ ULu TuULs
SoL YnUum Rjd LhYRu Th
@q[dL YNLeLs V Fjp @fNs[]. Um,
FkRd LX LhPjp @pX Rp UL UkRo
FuT Bk-p LXYVLl Tj @dLlTPpX;
@qY TjRlTRtL] @YVm PV .
G]p , @Yo GRY Un[dL YL\V
AWnkRk YqY LXLhPeLp @j YkR
RjYO @pXY? U\L , SW UnV YXn
DQok [mV TWQ AuUO @u\ @Yo!
AuLl TRp Npm IYo, Gu, AuLjp
Ds[ok CTPj RPeLR XmP , RnL ,
XT\], NoY VTLU] TWUjU DQop Sl
TRm Xdm Tdf tX NUVeLp
A[\oLs. ULd @jRLV @V @TYm T]
YV TXL]L BkRTR LrkR . * tLXjp
@R] @YW uYU [d\o:
UWV tm hl \lTYRtf Uo A
YWm kdLXm.* @lTRu Fu YrdLp
@kR ULjR] URp SPkR. o Lrf @! t\lT
hu Rp Up I Ss RVL DhLokkRu.
YZdLU] AWdVjP]V BkRu. V Fu
Fm ITm YkRpX. @um DPmd Ium
BpX . A]m , l # Fu I UWQ TVm
@jRULd LqV. Su NjPl T\u Fu\
DQof DiPt . G]lTj Rut FuTRt
[dLm NpYRtpX . F]dL @jRQm @R
[dd Ls[m VpX. @qY Ls[d
LWQm Gm DiP Fu LidLm Ru\pX.
NLlT\m Fu RuVP]V, @Rl Tt

* BkR @TYm 1896 _X UR Ujp hV.


uW ix

UX Fu] NnV Yim FuTXV FiQm


TnhP. UjYPU, TVYoLPU @pX
SiToLPUY AXN] LhL YiUu\
LgNUm Ru\pX. R]djR] Wf]V
@eLV @lTR ojd Ls[ FiQm ZkR.
UWQ TVju @ofp U] DsLULj mV.
U]LUL , YojRL[p LjRUdLUp F]ds
Np-d LiPu: N, BlT N YkhP.
YWhU! N Fu\p Fu]? Njl TY F? BkR
DPmRu Uk T\. DP] Nd LhV I
SPLm TXY Nn Tojd LiPu. L LpL[
hd Li \lTL Yjd LiPuNYm
\jd PlT TXY ! BkR AWnY Um
RjTULf NnV Yim FuTRtLL I
QjRlTX Tjd LiPu . fN PUp
@Pdd LiPu. Rlj RYd P NlRm FZRY
DRL[ BL @jd LiPu . Su Fu\
NpX Y\kR YojRV YkPd P FuTR
F] DjRNm. R]djR] U]Un d LiPu:
N, BkR DPm Nj hP. BkR \jR LhPV
TPp Lh UV]jt FjlTn Fjf
NmTXd YoLs. A]p, BkR DPmu NY
Sm NjlTn hP] ? Su FuT BkR
DPpR]? DPp U[]UL, NVXt\ _PUL Bd\.
A]p BlTm YvYTm Fu\ Iuu f Nd
fm Ru\R? DPmdl RL, F]ds[V
Su Fu\ I- @XV DQW \R! ALY, Su
FuT NWjRd LPkR Jo DQo. _PU] DPm N\.
A]p @Rt @lTt ThP Y AuUY N
iPV. @kR NpXR AuUY Su # Fu
F]dj R]djR] k Tt. B joYUn
x c WUQ ULu TuULs
FkR FiQ YN @pX . I YRpXUp
DPdPu LiLiP TWU NjVm . Su
UnmU YnkR. F] (N F]j Rum) @kR
vm @ Iu\ jV NjVUn tT , Fu
DPPu RPos[ @]j DQo SPYdLLm
@kR Su Iu\V UVULd Lis[] Fum
kR .
@u-k @kR Su @pX AjU FuTR I
NddL ALo`Q YVjPu Fu]j RuXV Ru
d LY]jRm UVlTjd Li hP. UWQ
TVm NPdLu U\k Tt ; WkRWUn TV
TnhP. @kRd LQj-k Bu BlTYW
RuXV Iedm X BPV\Up j
Ykd\ . NjVju NW YN U Ut\
]ldLs Ym, Tm. A]p, vWQ @pX
RuQoY ARW TX NR I-jd LiP
Bd\ . Ut\ vYWeLm @RVj BZV
YiVYV . TYX , TlTX , Y Ut\
LVeLX RLm CThdmT P , Su
FuTXRu Vu BPP UVlThlT.
BkR LP YdVm @ dVjYm YnkR .
G]p , @jRLV @oY @TYm IYu U]jp
Tldm DiUV @Yo U\lTRtpX Fu\ Tm,
NRWQUL @kR @TY UnQo Wp Ue
U\kTm . U\L , @qQo IYs WkRWUn
Xj u, WTgNUem \kR UnlTPu
BPV\ RPoLm TdVm TRp @m @.
@jRLV V AuUl WdOum eL XV
FhV @oYl \V cWUQo.
tLXjp WUQ UL F] @VlThP @kRl
T] YV B[O]] YeLPWUd UWp V
uW xi

RLlT]o BpXjp UtNu] AuU @TYm LrkR


X YWeLdlu @Yu Jo \VL hPh
YV]u . R @QNX UXVYWjp
@Uks[ YiQUXdf Nu\u . @j j
RXjXV FgV YrSs Ym BkYkRo.*
RPdLjp @Yo xPp @Uok @u] NWm
@V U\k, NW ]lu AuU Colp Ark
PkRo. S[Pp TdRoLs @YWf Zj RPe]o.
@YoLu Th , BVpT] YrY] Yl
ToYdj RuV NL_ Xdj m]o .
YTYoLp TXo @YW TR]Vd LhLl TWYd
Li AuLj RPoT] TX pL[ @kR B[m
WUQ Y Pm LiYk , @Yt\l Tjd
L]U] TL[ [dU YiPX]o. BqRU
@Yo G\d\V RtNVXn TXm Ltj RokRo
F]Xm. ALY, @Yo TlT RU Sl TLpX;
XU @YVm FuTRm LtL tTPpX . U\L ,
BqY jRLeL[l Whd Lt\kR TiPV @jYR
jRkRm , @Yo GtL]Y Du DQok IuhP
TWd YojRL[p Dd LlTRLY @UkR.
@R] @YW BqY [ds[o:
TV WQm , Ts , Utm RU]Yo @pX
RYWl TPpLu tX TL[j RW Su
Y\m @uYW TjRpX . WQd LRLp
Ym CvYWu DYmRu Su @kkR .
@]jdm @lTPV] Jo @Y Unl
T[m mUm FuTRL Iu Di; CNm @kR
mU NTU @pX @Ru @mNU FuT Tu\

* GlWp
1950, 14 @u BW 8-47-d EPXj \k UL NU
Fn]o .
xii c WUQ ULu TuULs
jRkReLs Su @kR YVp Ntm @kWRY .
tT YiQUXp R RX] YRkR
pL[ \o TdLd LhL SokR \L Bq`VeL[
Fu LY]jp Bk]u. An @XNp NnVUm,
TVoLs BPUm , @TY O]UL uT Su
DsW DQokRYt\V BkR pLs @X AWnk
TVo Lj Yjs[] Fu Su @lT Li
LiPu .
]dLd UL T-jm Te]l Tt
Be LgNm NpXjRu Yim. @YW PLp
L]U] YRkR UN]m Gm LQlTPUhP. GR
PTVYo ArkR kR]Pu RWQd
W-p hNiVUn Dodm YN]m Tp BpXUp ,
jd LiP SLfYPu VRojRUL
DWVYo . @Yo Np-hPo FuTRtLL , Ls
FlVYo @kR TX GtjRu ALYim
FuTpX. NkRLm mYW LsUp Ls Lh
Ydm RkWm Vdm Di.
UL YnTN U[] # DTRNm NnRo Fu
Xo Ls[oLs . A]p , Np Yp FRm
jWjRpX Fu BRt @ojRm Ls[XL .
DWVPpLp @Yo VY UhU @hP DTRN
NWm @pX FuTR @Ru Ts . @YW UX]
DTRNm, LhTu Ds[jp Jo U[]U] RdLjR
DiPdYRl TdRoLs DQokR]o . @u]W
WNu]ju AuL At\t @]YWm @U
oYU] DsQop ArjRYpX. @YW u
Fp YoQ]d @lTtThP . Am , @R NUVm
@YW FUu YYn , @PdLju D\PUn ,
TNeLs @\Y @t\ mTUn, TlLd @lTt
ThPYWnj LrkRo .
uW xiii

ULu uXp Ls FlVYW


dLUn T (@RY, TdRu FuTRu Rp Fj) Fu
Bk-p IW Wnd lhs[m. A]m, TdRu
(YThP[u ) Fu \UhPR SToL[l TjR
YWm, Y X NkRolTeLm @YoL[ TVoLs
LdLlThs[]. TL Fu\ dLf Np TLY],
@RY cWUQ ULVd du\ . G]p ,
@u]W BlTVpRu TPodL Xp Y YZdLU
kR . TodLlT]p , TLYu FuT TYLd
LP[d dm Np. Fm, X @V rXp
I UL `] LPd IjRYWL @UdmT
TLYu * Fu\ TRlWVLm FT\.
VYW V NUvR NtLs Bk-p RodLl
Ths[]. Fp TdLj RdLRL BdLYim FuT
BRtL LWQm. RW , AuU O]m FuT GR
LgdLX] NjWm , NUvR NtWVLjp
TfNVm Ds[YoLsRm @R]l k Ls[m
Fu\ RY\] FiQjRj RolT Ut\o LWQm.
TLYu WUQo @jV RsV, FV, @jYR
DiUm, @Yo YZes[ Su Vo? Fm DP]V],
SoL AuU NWm NW[ Up [dLj RdLYV.
DiUp , UXSL-k YkRYoLd UL
RU NUvRm LXdLUp FV \p [dLeLs
TLus[o.

AoRo AvTou

* RnYj ULu Fu\ @ojRjp


YNLoLu LY]jt
Ls#TpLs FkRkR ARW oYU] AeX
pL-k FdLlThPY FuT X AeX
XVh IqY TdLj @dlLp LdLl
Ths[] . @Ytp Lm AeX RXjdLu
j RXl uYU ( BkpLs @]jU
cWUQfWU YLs ):

R.M., - Ramana Maharshi and the Path of Self-


Knowledge-1970 edition. (c WUQm
AuLl TRm # RZdLm: X. .
WeLW_u .)
M.G., - Maharshis Gospel (cUL YnU,
FhPm Tl#1994 )
T., - Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi (cTLYj
YN]mRm Fum YiU ,
SuLm Tl#1996 )
D.D., - Devaraja Mudaliar Diary (Day By Day with
Bhagavan)*
W., - (The) Collected Works of Ramana Maharshi
(cWUQ tWh, GZm Tl, 1987)
F., - Forty Verses (Ds[ StT)
S.I., - Spiritual Instructions (DTRN UgN)
S.D.B., - Sat-darsana Bhashyam*

YNLeLp T . FuT ]m TdR]m , TL .


FuT TLYu cWUQ ULVm du\].

* BkpLs Rp BYW YYWpX .


cTLYj YN]mRm Fum YiU -m X AeX
-s[ TX TLs UTVodLlTPpX . @Ym BkR
-p YjRRlThs[]. - X . .W
T[PdLm
TdLm
TlW . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. iii
uW . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. vii
YNLoLu LY]jt .. .. .. .. .. xv
@jVVm 1
@lTPj RjYm . . .. .. .. .. .. 1
@jVVm 2
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd .. .. 85
@jVVm 3
DXL Yr .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 105
@jVVm 4
SRo . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 131
@jVVm 5
AuU NWQ .. .. .. .. .. .. 156
@jVVm 6
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls . . .. .. .. .. 202
@jVVm 7
dLs V ? .. .. .. .. .. .. 251
@TkRm (YrdLd lLs ) .. .. .. 290
@jVVm 1
@lTPj RjYm

Fu] B ? Rp @jVVju RXl @lTPj


RjYm Fu RPe\R Fu RjY U]lTe
LiP YNLoLd jWUL Bdm ! BkR p
YU @pXY RjY [dLUL @UV Yim
Fu @YoLdj Ru\Xm . DiUp , FpX
AuL ANuL[l TXY UL c WUQm, S
YYod Un [dLd LhTL[l TlTRd
Lhm, LV NjVU] AuLl Tt LhYp
@L @dL\ Nj]o . RjY V] LhT
@YVU; A]p, @ AuLl Ttd @jR[UL
UhU @URp Su.
TdRu: LP[l TtV NWQL[l jRo \dLj
hPWpXY ?
TLYu : Am . @ UjWm @pX . @R]XV
@YWf uVY Fu \oLs. LP[l Tt d
YRm Nn LilTRd Lhm , BeLV
BlTR NRL] Bu\f Nnm Yp SPjf
NpYRV jRo DiUp RoUULd LiPo.1
T.: @Vp, D[p, DPpp R-V] VL NUdL
@pX Fem \kR UnmUu IUV
DQojRY DRU?
TL.: TmTm @Yt\p VR NLVm BpX.
VLjRlTt JW[ pL-k Rk Ls[d

1
M.G-II (Maharshis Gospel, p. 55). UL YnU, Td. 56 (1994 Tl).
2 c WUQ ULu TuULs
m. Am, @kRR @TYjtd LiYYR
dVUm . @Rt @k RkRu YrdL
DRWQm, NLYNm, @u]W @WLm Lm
DRm. Du, Ds[ok DQWYiV TiUVl
Ttl TThl TX pL[l TlTRu Xm ,
DTRNeLs YXLm @oYUL Gt @Rp
SmdL Ls[dm . Am , Ds[okR SW
@TYm FuT Y. @Rt @lVNm TVu
D\m BuVUVRY. ALY Ym jRLl TlTp
N` SuU GpX. UngO]m @TYoYULd
hV \, @ hP YiPR TWU F] Idj
Rs[ Sm.1
RjYm, LhT, jRkRm AVYtp UhU Rn
CTh rd PlT DiUp eL]. G]p
@jRLV CT , AuL Vt Fm UnV]
NR]V UtLsYum URu LY]jRj N
m, I XTU], Ym U]V] Ut Yp
Bhf Num. @qY\] CT @u]W BVpT
Ut\YiQR .
UtNu] LjR c WUQ UL BqY
TPXn @Ujs[o :
FjRkR Rm\kR ReLVu \i
VjRj RXdL YQR - WjRkRu
NjReL [kWju Npt\o NQ
jRL] Y\o [m .
Lt UPeLt LpXR WnkRo
Tt URlTu TnkRo - tTX
kRYn SnkRo oR VPnkR
nkRRu \u\u Qo .
Ds[ StT: @TkRm, TPpLs 35, 36

1
T., 28 (Talks with Sri Ramana Maharshi).
YN]mRm-1 Td. 36 (c TLYj
YN]mRm Fum Yi U, RtTLm), 1996 Tl.
@lTPj RjYm 3

[Ts : Su Fm ] \lT FeL ?


Fu\ AuU NWQp BZk RU RXVjR
@dL tTPu @YoL[ Lt\u TVu VR ?
@YoLs WUTu BVkWm TX ( Rm Lt\RV
mTj mTf NpTYoL[L ) Au\]W RW
Y\u], a @QNX!
TXY] Lt\km Rus @PeLRYoL[d Lhm,
LpV @t\YoL[ Dn Tu\]o . V#ULm
(UUR) Fm Tnlum LpXRW Rldu\]o;
S]R FiQf ZpL[V SdLLum @YoL[
ThPYoL[L Ds[]o ; NpYjR Sj Rj
YpX .]
@RTu, jRkR YRl WYReLs, Y\h YRkR
NWeLs LpXRodj RYlTYpX.
Fu UYod VpT [T[
Vu [j QokX - uP
iu YYu \uWi Pu\u\
NiPPu UVf NZd .
Ds[ StT: TPp 34
[Ts : @]YPjm BVpTn @YWYo BRV
Ujp Tks[ UnmUV DQok @Rp
XjlTR j , UnlTs D[R BpXV,
@Rt YYm DiP PVR, YRU, @jYRU?
FuT Tu\ YRl ToLd, UPoLu @VU
Fm UVV LWQUm .]
Fus[ WQ vYTjR j , RL
FYm Ru\d U ? DiLlThPXu
BqiUV DQW V . AR-u , Ym
LQVR Ym YRl WYReL[d Lh ,
XjRV SPYim.1

1
T., 132. YN]mRm-1, TdLm 136-7.
4 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Bp, RoU NjWeLsPl TV]tlTm .
NWm F Fu @kRu NvWeL[p TVu Gm
BpX. SUdUp I RnL Nd BlTRm, @R
@Pm YVU NvWeLs SUd DQojR
DRu\]. @Ytu WV_]m @mUhP; @RtUp
YdLUpXm @YVm @pX. FjR]V NvWeLs
BlT TpY XLp BlTYoLd
DRYRtLLY. UX TLl TL, kV TLs oY
TbUm ( AWmT Xd UhU DRVL
@Uk , u]o @ojRUt\Rm ) . kR Up
Xp @kR DfNm UhU RjlTRp kV]
@]jm T[t\YVm . FqY[Y Td\m .
TjRR VpXm ]jd LiP Bd\m ?
Am , dVU] @mNeLs ]lp Bdu\] .
NWm Ds[ T\ ; Ut\ U\k T\ . NvW
@lV^ `Vm @lTjRu.1
X NUVeLp @Yo YRkR dLeL[ @X
YWUn FjWjRo FuT Fu]Y DiURu .
A]p , @qY\] VdV]eLs , RjYm jj
WUn kj U]Rd ZldLsYu
TX]jt @Yo @dm NLVLY YZeLlThP].
@R] AuU NW YWQp @YW FjWjR
YNLm uYU:
X YRkR pLs DiUV [dYRt U\L
@YVUt\ TX `VeL[ j, @Yt\d LtTYW
Um Zlu\] . FR]m @m @Yu
Bd\, @ FpXdm T, @Ru DiU V?
F]j Rus Ark DQoRp Iu\ TRR? Iu\m
DiUVl TXTP jd ZlYRp TVu Fu]?2
1
T., 68. YN]mRm-1, TdLm 81.
2
T., 392. YN]mRm-2&3, TdLm 116-2.
@lTPj RjYm 5

Um @Yo RmUlTt BqY \o:


SpXLXUL, Su RjYl TlT UtLs[pX.
YRkR NWjp B\ekRp Fu] AdU
RV! FjR FlXV XShPm R] Dt\TVp,
TpYL pL[l Tjd ZmTUp RljRu!1

DXLm # UnV, UVjRt\U?

BkRTm , SP\p AuLl Ttd


@lTPVL JW[ RjYojR @m RYlT\.
ULVl TjRYW, UYo ANeLWo TjR
@jYR jRkRjR Un Gt , UnlTs
BWiPt\ Iu FuTQokRo . @qY\m , BkR
DPuT LWQUn cWUQo NeLW TLYjTRu
RdLjt Ds[]o Fu I kR]V[o s[
IlU NVu . SW @TYjRp @Ys DjR
TW, NeLWo [ds[ TiUu UnmUd
GtPV F]d LiPo FuTR N.
T.: NeLWu DTRNm TLYPV, @RY, ReLPV
DTRNm IuR]?
TL .: Fu @TYjRV Su Np\u . @Rd
LhTYoLs , @ NeLWu DTRNjPu IjlTRLf
Np\oLs .2
T.: @]jU WmUm Fu DT`jLs DWdu\].
@lTVu\p, BqXLm UV Fu NeLWo
NpYR FqY IlY?
T L .: DXLm mUm @pX AjU vYTm
FuP NeLWo Nu]o. YqY TVoLm
YYeLm @PeV BqYVL FpXds AuUY
YWVlTRV @Yo AhNjRo. mUjRj
1
T., 392. YN]mRm-2&3, TdLm 116-2.
2
T., 189. YN]mRm-1, TdLm 181.
6 c WUQ ULu TuULs
RojR Y\kR UnmUm DXLjtd PV
FuT UhU @Yo Nu]. mUm @pX AuU
FuT Uj W Tu\ . Wp Rum jW
jWeL[ DXLm. W Bdm YWpRu eLs
NX]lTPjRd LQXm . LiTYW WVL Bdm
Xp AuU UhU g\.1
ANeLWo @jR UV YRjR NVnl k
Ls[Up TXo \ s[]o . @Yo u
WUQeL[ uYjRo: mUm UnV]. WTgNm
Un BpX . mUU WTgNm Am . BWiPY
WUQjR jd Ls[pXV @Yo? u\Y
t , Rp BWiPm [d\ . mUjRj
Rojd LQlTm WTgNm DiUVpX, Ym UVj
Rt\U FuTRV @ h\. BR]p @YRu]?
mU UVUL , @RY AjU vYTUL , DXL
SdeLp @ _U . AjUYj Rojd LQl
Tm DX Ym UVRu.2
VRojRUs[ AjU # vYTm IuUhU .
_Lm(DXLm), YWLs, YqY LPsLs VU jf
lp Ys Xm Tp Rum LtT]L[ @u
Y\pX. BY um GLLXjp (IW NUVjp) Ru
GL LXjp U\u\]. vYTU _Lm; vYTU Su;
vYTU CNu . @]jm Y vYTUm . FpXU
YUVm . 3
T.: NjVju vYTm Fu]?
TL.: FlTm WkRWUn Ds[R NjVm. @Rt
YYm BpX, TVo BpX. SUTeLs @]jtm
@xP]m (ARW @mNm ) @ . Ru] YWVdm
1
D.D., Td. 205.
2
R.M., Td. 82. c WUQm AuLl TRm, Td. 139.
3
W., 16. c WUQ tWh, Td. 189.
@lTPj RjYm 7

NVp Fu , @NTs @NVl Ts


@]jtm @Y ARWUm. Rt\eLs VYtu
@lTPVm @l TWUojRm ITm FR]m
Lh\R. Ds[ Ds[TVL BlTR jV NjVm.
@ FlT Bd\ Fu ]]p BkRT
Bd\ Fu UhU NpXm. DXL YZds[
Bl , BuU R-V TuUL[d LPk tm
BjRLV Iu U]m Ydd @lTtTh Io\.1
YlTPV] Lj YTLp dd LsYR @Yo
RojRo. @Y YqY LiQhPeLu [L[,
@pX FjWdm Tp UThPYV Fu\
YkRo .
T.: T[jRoLs DXLm Fu\ RjRu BpX Fu\oLs.
Bk jRkRU DXLm Ds[, A]p @ UVj
Rt\m Fu\oLs . @lTjR]?
TL.: LiQhPju YTP B.
T.: GR I UL NdVp DXLm DlTt\ Fum
@YoLs Lsu\]o. DiUVt\ RuUVl TtV
@, UV XYRp GtTYRLd Ls[XU?
TL .: UL Ndu TPlT WTgNm FuTR
@]Ym Ild Ls\oLs. A]p , @kR Ndu
BVpRu Fu] ? @R]p TPldLlThP BVpd
IjRRLjR] BdL Yim ?
T.: UV Rt\eLp YqY TXLs (YLLs )
DiP ?
TL .: UV FuTR Jo UV ! UVVd LPk
tm IYWpRu @R]d LQm . A]p ,
@jRLV UngO UVd DhThPYWL FqY
BdLdm? @Yo UVp YqY XL[lTt
Fu] NpXm?
1
T., 140 YN]mRm-1, Td. 143.
8 c WUQ ULu TuULs
WlTPjp eLs TpY LhL[d LioLs:
Sll Tt Fk LhPeLs rk NmTX
YRj Wp TodoLs ; Vp l TWXLs
U LlTpLs Lrk u\]. A]m, @dLhLs
Rum WV Tt Fk TeYpX ; CWm
GpXUp @lTV uTX Lnk Pd\. Gu?
G]u\p, NX]lTPeLs DiUVpX. W Uhm _m.
@RTX , FjR]V mTeL[ XdLiQ
WT-d\ . A]m , FiQt\ mTeL[X
@Ytu RuUL[X LiQ Rm
TdLlTYpX @pXY ?
@qY\ , DXLd LhLs , LrfLs VYtu
@jR[m Iu\V] UnmUVVm . @ FkRR
LrfL[m FqRjm TdLlTYpX. Ds[
Ds[TVL BkYY UnmU Iu\ .
UVVl TtV YReLs , jVNU]
LiQhPjum FTYV RW Y\pX. DeLs
LiQdL O]m Fm SoLQjp leLs !
@lT BkRl WTgNm WU mUm Fu
DQooLs . BlT DXL SPlLp rs[
LWQjRp BqXL DiUV] Iu\Ld LioLs.
@R]d LPk tm Xp LhXLm U\kTm;
UnmU UhU Xem .1
kRV UtLsLuT, @]jtm @lTPV]
TiUV U]t LsYRtmP, UV YX]
Y\Vp @pX TPlj RjY Vn DYLl
TjR S\ .
]Y U]u V#Tm. ]L[j Roj _Lm
(DXLm) Fu\ Iu @uVUL (Rj) BpX. U]m

1
T., 446.
@lTPj RjYm 9

AjU vYTjum YlTmT _Lm Rum.


ALY , DXLm Liu mT AjU vYTm
Ru\ . vYTm Rum ( WLdm ) T _Lm
Ru\. R]kRp NLXm Fm; Ru @Pe]p
NLXm @Pem .1
Fem FlTm TWQUn \k , vYVm
WLNUn wY-jd LilTR] AuU Fu\ Ds[
T[ BpXR T[Lm , DiUVt\RLm
]lTR @gO]m Fm UV. BRV FoXp
NpYRu\p , DiUV]Y , RulTn RoN]
U]Y Fu Sm Smm DXLm, Yu , TWUu (LPs)
FuTR] BpXR TsL[ Ds[ TsL[L F
SmU ]dLf Nn\R @Y UVVm.2
IRjp DXLm Fu]Y DiUV]R F]Xm ;
A]p, R] RjR XLiP UnmU @pX @.
L]p Ym URu @dL]X dmYW DiUV]
UR]LY Ru\u. Am, @Yu _ URu
@pXY!
DX()DiU Vm DQopXod(), Ds[od(),
DXL[Ym DiU DQWod(); - DXd()
ARWUn DYt() Am DQok RoDiU
CRm TRm BYod ( ) Fi .
Ds[ StT, TPp 18

[ T s : @gOm Om BqXLm
DiUV FuToLs . Am , TVm Dm Ds[
DX Iu\ @gOd DiU . OdL
Nj # j # A]kRU] AjU vYT UnlT[ Sm
Lm BqXu Xm ARWm Am.]
D i U V t \ ( j V , U ] L m ) D i U V ]
(NjVm ) AV BWim Iu\ Fu TLYu X
1
W., 8. c WUQ tWh, Td. 187.
2
c WUQ tWh, Td. 233-34.
S.I., ch. II.5.
10 c WUQ ULu TuULs
NUVeLp s[R Su ( RYW_ R-Vo )
]t Li, @RlTt @YPm LhPu. @Yo
Nu]o .
Am. Su X RQeLp @qY d\u.
DiUV] FuTRt DU @ojRm Fu] ? FR
UnV] Fu o?
Su T-j]u: YRkRlT, F NYRU]R, Ut\m
LQRR @Y DiU F]lTY . UnV]
FuTRu @ojRm @R]?
TLYu: SU TeLs LiP DXLm RPok Ud
LiP Bd\; Ujl T\. ALY, @qXLm
DiUVpX F]lT\ . @kRl TVoL[m
YYeL[m AuUPu BQj YWV\ NnY
DiUVpX, LtT]V Am. U\L, @]jm AuU
vYTeL[ Fu DQmT @Y DiUV]YV.
BUVt\ IU Fu m @jYRY DXLm
DiUVu, UV Fu\Tm, BY VU mUm
Fum \o. B-k Iu RY\. \ DX
@Ru RjR Blp UnV] Fu\ t\V @jY
LiP]m Nn\W RW, @R] mUm Fu LYR
@pX. AuU @ Tt\Yo YVLjp AuU RN]U
Li\o . OVWl TjRYW BkR DX DiP
BpXV FuT Jo ThPpX. BqWip FYm
@u]W LY]m Wm DsLUL AuUp Xd\.
LRjp @fNdLlThP FjdL[ DRWQULf
NpXXm. DeLs LY]m Ym FjdLp TYRp
@ @fNs[ LRjR U\koLs. AuU O]m
FnVYW , FjdLs BkRm BpXhPm
@Ytu @Xj R[m LRm FuTR DQo\o.1

1
D.D., Td. 266 (RYW_ R-Vo PV).
@lTPj RjYm 11

B Um Wj]f dLUL uYU \lThs[.


DXLm DiUVpX Fu YRkLs YpX .
@YoL[l TtV Jo RY\] Lj B. @qYRu
@YoLs \oLs Fu\p ^oYm mU UVm Fu\
YR Ydu Ts V? DXLm @Ru RoN] Dp
DiUV]RpX; A]m, AuU VL DiUV]
FuTR @YoLu Lj. AuU XlTet YV
LQlTm DXL eLs lmT UhU @qX
DiU @pX . LrY] @]jU # @Yt\ UV
]ReLs , LPu [VPpLs , UL Ndu
At\p Fu FlTVhd lhPm @Y VU #
AuUp Ds[PdLm LiPY; AuUYj Rojl
R] IuU BpX.1
AuUu DYj Rt\U BqX, ALY @
RjR DiUV]Ru @pX Fu\ RjY
UN]jR BjR jd LsYm. A]p Iu
Uhm mTj mT Y-jRj RdL: @RY, AuL
Y[ofd DRYdV YWXRu ULVl
TjRYW RjY [dLm RYlT\ .
jRkReL[ Ark TjRV Yim FuT
@YVU @pX . S] T[L BVp NokR WTgN
@Ul YWQeLp UL @dL\ LhPpX.
T.: WTgNm FqY xdLlThP , @Ru YNd
WUm Fu] FuTRl Tt YRT`jdLp
IudLu WQ] YqY RULd
\lThlT @Ytp SmdL XVf Nn\.
Rt TPl ALNUum , WQu Fum , o
Fum TtTX BPeLp TXY NpXlT\. BY
FqY Tkm ?

1
D.D., Td. 233.
12 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL .: YqY Ls , YqY LXLhPeLp
xd WUju TpY @mNeL[ TpY XL
um Li iWjdu\]o . @Yt\l Tt
SUdLu] LYX? @Yt\ AjU#vYTU Sm FuTR
DTRlTR YReLu Y] @W.
T.: @RlTt F]dL NkRLm BpXRu.
TL.: @lTVu\p, xdWUjRlTt @YoLs
VRpXm , @R] @V mYu TtTX
XUL[ @Nj uYdLlThP @ojR YRU ,
JoYL [dLU Fu LsYR TjRUm.1
LYpV SYRm Fu\ Rr -u AeX U TVolT
U_o Nhd 2 Pl Nn LikRT @p
LQlThP X YRkR TT`f NtLu [dLjR
TLYPm LhL, TLYu uYU PVjRo .
TL .: -u BlT DXLl TPlTl TtV X
jRkReL[ FjWd\. @ @qY[ dVU]
@pX. RoU NjWeLu DjRNm WTgN xVlTt
vRlTRpX. Fm, @RlTtd LhTu ldLL
@Y \lTu\]. TW Ys[jp, DXLm SLok
Xm Zp Tu\ . ZXd LiTRtdP I
@YVm . A]p , ZXlTt RjR AWnfV ,
TP , YRU @]YVU . -u dVd
dLs AjU RjYjR [dYRVR-u, x
TtV TV @qY[YLl ThTjR YiPm.

1
T., 30.YN]mRm-1, Td. 43.)
2
U _ o A.W. Chadwick F u \ A e X V o 1935- A m A i p
WUQfWUjt YkRYo . @eLV RehPo . N @QNX
Fu\ TVo i , cWUQULu AuL DiU XV
Ut\YoLd AeXjp FV \p DQojYkRo .
@lTPj RjYm 13

u]o, TLYu RPok ]o: LiTu # Lh


BWiU Iu\nj Ru Iu\n U\u\] Fu
YRkRm [m\ . BYtt BPp x
(TPjRp ) FuTRtL] dL YWU Y\V
PV. FkR @lTPp @Y Ru U\u\]
FuTR dVm . L] LiTYodd LhLs Iu\nj
Ru Iu\n U\Y TXY, S]m @Y Ru
U\u\] . A]p BkR [dLm @oYULj
lVlTRpX . FlT Wu TPl Lm ?
FkR Lrdm Jo LWQm YiU Fu @V
m\oLs. Sm TojRm TodLhPm DXLm
BkLiR] Bd\ ? @Rt [dLm Fu]?
Fu Lh\oLs. ALYRu, AuUu ALVm,
@Ru \ReLm DiPu\] Fu\pXm
NjWeLs WU xVd @YoL[j ll
Tju\] . BkR `VjRd LWQ # LVojRUL
FjdY TlTV] x Lr\ F]lTY.
VRojRU] AuL NRLW , Rt\m U\Ut\
AuUu _vYTjR Sf NpYWVu , Ru
U\TYt\l ThTjRUhPo .1

URu BVp

BlT LhThu NWmNjR [dL tTYm;


@RY , URu FuTYu Un#BVp TtV XV
SdYm . G]p , DXLm , LPs AVYtu
DiUVl Tt I URu Lj FYm, Ru
Fu\ Ru V DQoY Bk YY @Yd Su\Lj
R\. Ru Blu RuUV NYWl k LsYRu
Thm, @RNUVm Ru] UmTjd LsYRtLLU
@Yu Tp\u, @WL[ S\u.
1
T., 651. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 295.
14 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL .: Su , Su Fum ]lTd LiP
T[L TY Y] Ru _ Bl Fu FilTR
@LkR F]lTY. j RV (TW, V DQo)
AuUd Su Fum @LkR FiQm BpX .
Ym T[L _P DPdm (NPXjt) BkR Su Fm
@LkR DQo PV . BqWitm BPV #
@RY V DQoYV AuUdm , _P DPdm
BPV # @YkWUL (UoUUL)j Ru [eYR]
Bm UV Y] @LkRVm Su Fu\ RV]L ,
Yru NLX @ojR @]ojReLdm XUL SmU
@XdLdu\ . ALY , FkR DTVjRXm BR
SNUdhPp , Ds[ Ds[TV [em . BY
Ubm F]lTY . 1
T.: ReLs @dL YksoLs, D]d @uVUL
DXLm Gm BpX , @pX , FpXU Du]f
NokR Liu u\], @pX D]d YV
RjlTRt IuU BpX FuT Tu. BY
F]dl WLm ZlTULm Ds[]! Su
\lTRt uTLm BqXLm BkR. Su
B\kR\m DXLm BkYWjRu Nnm . _uU
_uUeL[L URoLs \k, Yrk, B\k
\oLs. DXLm Uhm WkRWUn Bk Y\
FuT DiUR]?
TL.: DU LWQULjRu DmUl TjR DXLm
Bd\ Fu Su FlTRY Np-ViP? DmUj
Roj Y\u] D[? Fu\ LsV UhU Fl
Y\u . AuU FuT , T[L DPXV @pX
hU NWjRV lYRLl Ts Ls[XL
FuTR o NYWl k Ls[Yim.

1
S.I., chapter I, 12. c WUQ tWh (DTRN UgN), Td. 229-30.
@lTPj RjYm 15

DeLdLpXm FjWlT BRu : Su Fm


RuU , Ut\YoLs Fu\ uX , YVLm WU]
TPodL AV u XL[m IeL RV
FiQeLu D\PUV AuUY eLs Du
Ds[ok @mT Ds[ Ds[TV] jV
NjVjR DQooLs . @RY , @]jRm LPkR
UnmU Iu D[, @kR DfN DVo TiUV eLs
Lim DXL]ju AuUm Am . @]Yu
BRVjp D\m TWUjUm @Y; ALY, @LkR
@pX Su Fu\ DPp NokR Ru]lum
YThP , RjR UnmUV Fu\um Xe\
TWUjU FuTR] DsLUL DQooLs. @LkR @pX
DPp NokR FiQjR AuU F]j RY\Ld LRXL.
T.: @lTVu\p, AuUY LPs Fu\ TsTPj
ReLs BqY oL[?
BRtL] T-p TLYu WUQo @YW YZdLlT
BjRLV RjY V] DWVPX, AuLl Tt
\dj N l\o. BkR @jVVm YU
RjY NWQ NokRRL Blm, RjYjR FqY
@lVNjp @NlT FuTRd Lidm Th,
UtNu] DWVP-u \ TVj RPok @lT
TjRUVm .
TL .: BjRLV dLpL[j RolTU ? Su
Vo? Fm AuU NW Dj, S] @Yu (^am),
S] Ym ( Yam ) FuTR] V] vUWQ
-k YThP. Su Nt\ jVNUL AuU @
LoY Y-j\u . DeLs _ BlTlTt
@k LiP u]W DXLl Ttm LP[l
Ttm @V ZRp Su. S] @Yu, S] WmUm
(@ a m m U v ) F u \ V ] m , G \ j R Z U ]
@[XV LrY]. Su Npm AuUj RhPU
BPlTL[t\ SWV] Lr\ ; ALY , U]j
16 c WUQ ULu TuULs
R[jX] V]jRd Lhm DVoY] . G]p ,
AuU ShPjp CTh UuUm Ds[rk DQm
@dLQjXV UnV] AuU DmU YWYtLd
Ljd\. @Ru\ RPok NnV YiV Vm
Y FR]X RPWlT\. @kXp eLs R
STWL UtLi NnYRt Fm BpX . BkR
Y\p @]jf NkRLeLm , YRl WYRe
Lm Ru]kR]LY Xu\], ArkR dLjp
IYo RU YXLs FpXYt\m U\k fkRVL
BlT Tu .
TLYu m T-p l\RYoLd UtLi
Ydm RkWm Di FuTRtL] Jo FjdLhPL,
BR]j RPok LrkR DWVPp @U\.
T.: @kR Xp Fu] YWYtL GR Iu
Ljd\ FuT Fu] fNVm?
TL.: I STo TV @[ U]lTdYm TmT
BVpTLY @Yo @Ru fNVjRl Tt @k LsYo.
T.: @jRLV U]lTdYm TY FeM]m?
TL .: TpY UodLeLs YjWdLlThs[] .
BLm Tt\ AuL @j FkR Xp
Blm, DsL AuU kR] @R]j RlTjm.
T.: B I YhP YY YRf Zp @pXY? Su TdYm
Tt\p AuU ShPm D Tm ; AuU ShP
lT Fu]l TdYlTjm! @lTjR]?
BjRLV AhNTQ YqY Yp @dL FlTl
Th YkR. @RtL] UUp, AuU ShPjtj
RjYm @YVUu, TtV UtLsYR dVm
FuT mTj mT Y-jRlT\.
TL.: U]jt BjRLV BdLh BdLY Nn\.
Ru] NUR]lTjd Ls[ @Rt RjYl U]m
RYlT\ . Fm , AiPY] @YRt #
@lTPj RjYm 17

@RY , Ru UnmUVm AuUY @YRt #


WUn Vt UtLsm URd FkRj
RjYm @YVpX .1
SUpXm FpXL[t\ , @LiP AuU
vYTULY Bkm, RYRXL DPXV Sm F]d
L\m. FR @YRtm IVu Yim. U]I
T[L DXLeL[, @RY LiQp Lm WTgNjR
[d\ . @Y NRWQ @m @VUUL
Bd\ . vYT [dLm Fm IUVU BkR
@ # @VUL[d LPkR TWUVm ; @ FpX
@t\. RNLX YWV\L[t\ @qY [dLU, @jVl
WdOV, Sm FuTRp @R] DQWRYo Vm BpX
Fu\ NpXYim. @qY Sm IqYYU V
DQoYL BkRTm , BkR @lTP DiUV
DsLUL DQW, RuU\m RLL[V Sm F]l
Wd\m. BY oXV] Jo UTm UoUm. BkRl
WU dRX AjU NhNjLWm. BR] @VUp UdLs
AuU Fu\ Iu\ @k RV m\oLs. @qY
GR Iu\l Rn @YRtL @PYRtL IuU
BpX. @ GtL]Y Ds[T Ds[. WU dLjRp
FlTm SUVV vY # vYTjRj RPu
DQo\m # @qY[Y.
BqPX Su , @pX Su Fu UnYd
LQlT\pXV FuT Tu\ RY\] FiQ
JhPjR XdmT DVo#DfNj V DQoYV AuU
UhU Rjj Xem. UdLu Bu\[X] @
Xp BRV O]l WLNm , @pX Ubm
LYWlTRp, Fu\oLs. A]p, DiU Fu]Yu\p,

1
S.D.B., viii, ix.
18 c WUQ ULu TuULs
BkR UngO] @ NYRU] , GtL]Y
BkYY, BeLV BlTR LYWl T\dV.1
V DQoY TW. @Rum YlTYR U]m
Fm FiQf NWm.2
U]ju NWm WdO (DQo) UjWU. @LkRu
AdWlTp (Su Fm ]lTp) @ jVLm,
]lTLm , XuLu DQofVLm BVdL\ .
WTgNm RV CNu U]U @LkRj R[Vt\ ;
ARXp @ WdO UjWUnj Rjj R]d @VXL
Gm @t\Rnj Lm. Su S]L Bd\u Fum
Ts YdVm* BkR XVV LpYRm.
@LkRVp AdWdLlThP U]m Y-U u ,
]lf Z-p DZp\. @LkRVt\ U]U A]kR
UVUL Bd\. @LkRVt\ BPjRRu LYXL[t\
A]kRm Ds[ FuTR ArkR jWu @TYjRp
VYm SuQWXm . ALY , @LkR AdWlTp
dLm [\Rum , @kR AdWl @Lu\p
A]kRU Ds[ FuTm RY\. ]l YV
J]p uTm RZd\; ]lTt DPu u\p
U\l e _]kRm [e\. YL U]jt
Bq X XlTPUVp @qVo XV DQW,
@ @pXu\.3
T.: Su
Fum UnmUV Sf Nu\p , F]d
IuU LQlTPpXV !
TL.: DPmT SUum, LiL[p LiTR ToY
Fum Li , Y\um LQlTPpX Fu
L\m . FRd LQ Yim ? LiTYu Vo?

1
T., 482. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 171-72.
2
T., 589.
* I am that I am. - Exodus III. 14.
3
T.,188. YN]mRm-1, Td. 180.
@lTPj RjYm 19

FRd Li TolT ? LiTRt Fu] Bd\ ?


BlT @LiP DQo Iu\ . @Y @LkRVnd
d , DPX Su F] UVe E]d LiQp \
DXLd Li\. BqY SmUV Sm \jd Li
SUd @uVUL FRV TodLYim Fu
Fi\m. HmTLdl X]YRV Un F]d
L\m . BkR X[L Xp , LiTu#Lh#
LQlTRpXU IW @LiP TRju YlTP
Fu Nu]p, Sm IlTUhPm. V] of]X
Ru BdZlTm Im. @lT, GR Iu\ Sp LQ
Yim Fu\ FiQm @\Y BW. Fhd LQ Fu]
Bd\ ? Su S]L BlTR DQoYRt Xd
LiQp TodL YiU? @ R] R\. V
DQou DiUV SU DiU. @RV DQWYim.
@Y TWUojR NjVm.
T.: ]ldLu XjR S]p, Su Fu Iu
BlTRLj R\ . A]p @ Jo lLWU]
@TYm Fu NpYRtpX.
TL.: WmT N! G]u\p, @qRU] Su Fm
Bl , @LkRu BZYp GR I YYjPu
NmTkRt\RLY Rt\Udm . V AjU DQoPu
Y FRm NmTkRl TjRXL . VRojRU] AjU
vYTU RdLeLs GUt Im. @Ru Iu\V]
WLNj]XV @LkRm, DPm, Ut\Ym LQl
Tu\]. \ ]L[ @Lt]p jRl WdOVm
(V DQoYm) @Y Pm.1
T.: @LkR FlT F\?
Yt\ RjY YRl WYReLd jm ] B!
A]p, @jYR DiUp RnkR TLY] @qY
@LkR Fu Iu BlTRmP UR-jRo!

1
T., 196. YN]mRm-1, Td. 187-88.
20 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T L .: @LkR Fu Fm RVLd PV
Fu\T @ FYRY! @Ru XUV @jV
(@gO]m ) FuT F? Ru UnmUV DQWUV
@jV F]lTY . Ru]j R] DQeLp
@gO]m BpX , @LkRm BpX ; @RlTt
Fm Wf]Lm uTeLm Ntm BpX Fu
@Ym. @RjRu @LkR U\khP FuoLs.1
]Ls @]jRm L[kR X FuT uVU]
Y\h YU DQoY YWYZjd LsRp Fu
X NUVm LhTdj Rum. BkRj RY\] LjRj
jR TLYu hPYhPUL LY]m Nj]o.
FiQeL[ @Lt]p @eL IuU BpX ,
Ym uVU Fu @ojRm Ls[YiPm. @qY
Ym uVm Fu DQoYRt VRm Iu BdL
YiU ? Bltm BuUdm NhVL BlTm
U]m NokRR , ALY BU X d\. A]p
AuUY BqUd @lTtThP; @Yt\d LPk
tT. @ R] IoY . @Rd LQ Y\o I
YiYpX . I AuU GR Ut\u\d LQ
YiV oTkRm @t\. F AuU BpXV @
Ym @SjU . @qY\] @SjU AuUYd
LQV. AuU FRm TolTpX, LhTpX.
BkV ( HmXd DV ) U]VTWeL[d
LPkRRnj Ru]kRV hU UjWUn Vl
WdOVL (V DQoYL )l WLjd LilT .
@SjUY AuU F] UVeY e]p jV
jRUm AuU @eL R] R]n BeL BlTR
Im. @gO] dLU AuU O]m F]lTm.2

1
T., 197. YN]mRm-2&3, Td.96.
2
T., 245. YN]mRm-2&3, Td.8.
@lTPj RjYm 21

L]L[t\, ArkR dLjm URu RPok Bld


Lis[u FuT , @LkR Utm DPp
DQoLdd LhlTPUp URu AuU VL RkW
Bls[Yu FuTRtf Nu , F] TLYu @dL
FjWjRo . ArkR D\dLm @LkRVt\ , DPp
NmTkRUt\ X Fum lYi.
T.: @LkR Y , AuU Y FuT FlT Fu
F]dl VpX.
TL.: dLjp Sm FlT Bd\m?
T.: FlTV , RVpXV !
TL.: RVpX FuT Vo? lt\u Fm
@LkRVVu Y Vo? dLjp Sm BpX Fu
VWY NpXdU ?
T.: Am. Su dLjp BkRu. BlT lm
Bd\u; Am, dLjp FlT BkRu Fu
RVpX .
TL.: @RRu! BlT lXs[ ToY,
dLjp Ium RVpX Fu Np\u. BlT
`VeL[d Li\u; LiTY]] Ru BlTRLd
L\u . dLjp Bq`VeLm @Yt\d
LiTYm BpX. BlT BlTYu dLjp BpXUt
TnhP] ? Bq XLdm Ds[ jVNm
Fu] ? jdLp `VeLm , BkV U]
VTWeLm Ds[] ; dLjp @Y BpX .
D\emT BpXR I @LkR BlT lp
[md\ . @qYLkRV HmXuLs YXn
`VeL[d WlTm, DPXj Ru F]d LYUL
Bd\. BkR @LkRV _U] Ru Fu Fid
Lid\ . A]p B Sm @pX . dLjp
YYtkR AuU BlT l Xm YYt
BkY\. @p URp GpX. BPp YkR BkR
@LkRV DiUVj jd Zl\ . BqY ,
22 c WUQ ULu TuULs
RuYm U\YUL Bdm @LkR SUpX .
Rt\m U\m @\Y @tj -m lm
UR-uj RPokdm AuU#vYTU Sm.1
BmUV] DRWQeLs , TLYu YjWjR O]l
WLNm @pX AuU Xl X , D\dL UVdLm
Tu\R @V X ( nescience ) Fu\ RY\]
Ljdf X RQeLp BPUjR . @jRLV
RlTlWVjR Xd [dYp LY]m Nj]o.
TL .: _dWj , vYl] , `l (l , L]X ,
ArkR jW ) @TYeL[pXm U]jtL # U]m
SUpX . BkR @YvRLs UUj Ru U\k
LidLp, Rt\m U\m @t\ AuU#vYTUn,
@Ytu oLW XVn Sm Fum D[m. @R DQok
@kXV Sm tLYim. ]lTtlTR SU
BVpX FuT , dLXu @TYjRp Su
[e\ .
T.: A]p, V]jPV Sm eYVUp BdL
Yim @pXY?
TL .: RUQ (UUVdL )j dLjtL Sm BPe
LPdL Yim . @u\Pm eYm lTm
FRojRU] (Ds[ Ds[TV]) dLU lT @pX.
BlT eLs jlTRL Fid LidoLs;
A]p Ru]QW @VUXV Ark D\ed
LidoLs ! @Rum FRojRjp jRZ
Yim. @qY\ @gO]j -p AZ eLUp
eLYim ( UngO]jXV AZYim ) .
XV^m TRVf jRm , lRm NUVj] :
( @gO]j -X XVjX @km jRjR
@Rum l\f NnL!).2
1
T., 143. YN]mRm-1, Td. 146.
2
T., 495. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 186.
@lTPj RjYm 23

vWQm ( AuUu BlXV


@am
DsW DQojm AuU vUWQ) FpXPm dLm
DhTP FpX XLm Blm, @ @qY DQWl
TYpX . R-p , l Xp \ ]lLs
@\Y @t GLdWUdeLp ( U]jR ILl
Tj]p ) @ [em . @R @LL Sd TXm
TmT, dLjm Y XLm AuU vUWQ
I Vtu BVpTLY RPok [ed
LilTR DQoYm. BY OLu BVpTV
WkRW @Vm .1
OVu WkRW AuU Xl XV Vm Fu
lYi . @RY , l , L] , Arp
(ArkR D\dLm ) Fu\ Rp u XL[d LPkR
O] lTV VRojR Unk S]Y Vm F]
NjWeLs ] . BkR @R Xp , Arp
XdLlT , YYeLs Utm Su# Fm BU
FiQeLs BpXUt Tnu\] . @qY\m ,
TLYu UtNu] YNLm DQojYTX , BkR
SuLm vp Su Fm @LkR V DQoYV
@LiP LWjp @Pe BWiP\d LXk\ .
A]p, Ar -X @LkR V DQoYt\ Blp
Ie\. SuLm X F]lTm VRjp Ut\
u XLu BuUVp , @Y RXYRL
XT\. BRV TLYu Nns Yp,
S] L]p SYod ( ) @lTp
S] pV SUj - Rm @j
V UR[Rt Ruu ( ) Bu\p
V YRm .
Ds[ StT - @TkRm-32

Fu @]o.

1
T., 307. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 62.
24 c WUQ ULu TuULs

B\lm U\lm

SYm AoYXoLu @Yt\dj RkRY, RjYm


JW[ Y[k LdLYim FuTR, B\l#U\l
RPoT] ]dLd PVdLp TLYu
RTjV Tu , Y\em [d]pX
F]Xm. WQ @jYR jRkRjRd Wjd Lsm
\U YnkRYoLd @Yo YU], B\l, U_uUm
TtV Ls FYRt BPm G ? G]p , Su
FuTR] @LkR Fu DiUp Rj Gm PV
Fu\hPp, B\kR \ Y Su Fek Ym?
Fu [dLUjRo.
T.: IYW LoUm, _uU _uUULj RPoYRpXY?
TL .: _uUkRWm I\m BdLhm . BlT Sm
\kd\U ? @Rj Rk Ls[Up
_uUkRWjRl Tt ]lT]u ? DiU
Fu]Yu\p , VRojRjp , \lpX , B\lpX .
( \l DiUV]p ) \kRYo NYlTtm TT
TLWeL[l Ttm Tojd Ls[hm .1
T.: _uUkRWeL[l TtV SU Bk jRkRjRd
j TLY] LjR @V m\u.
TL.: SWVL Su YRt IupX. BlT
Sm \kd\U? \klT SU? Sm VYm
BpXR LXpX , B BpX Tm LXm
BpX 2 FuR] RTRNm RPe\ ! \l
pX , B\lpX , ]o_uUpX Fum UX
NpXlT\ . 3
T.: YjYm AVt\ (@S) Fu Np\oL[?

1
YN]mRm-1, Td. 16.
T., 17.
2
TLYj R, @jVVm 2, XLm 13.
3
TLYj R, @j. 2, X. 16, 20.
@lTPj RjYm 25

TL .: R-p YjYm Fu\u Bd\R Fu


TolTm. @Ru\ @ APVR @pX AVt\R
Fu\pXm TodLXm! SmUrYo Fu] Np\o RU?
V] Vu] VV XR
V] Vu\] RVu kRu
V] Vu PU (m ) V
Y] WjUm Y]Y W\ .
@RY, Fu _ NTjR DQW Su Fum,
F] Fum YLjRu. BlT Su Fu RV
IuU BpX . V Su . F]PUm V Fu
\o . @jYLs xPjYLs BNWm
AjU NhNjLWu Ium SPY F]d u\]o.
@R R-p TolTm . @Ruu @YVkRp
UtLi AWVXm. jVd Li Yj
LQ V . @TYoYULY LQdm .
AuU O]m LmT BkRd Ls FZ.1
BmUV] LsL[p U]Rd Zld LsYR
TLYu EdlTpX. G]p, BeLV BlTR
AuU UnmUV DQoYRtL] NR]um @Y
IYW YU] N lu\].
T.: TT iV TXuL[ SU BxPlT uu]L
Gtd Ls[Xm Fum Xo Np\oLs.
@lTjR] ?
TL.: tLXjp LZlTYRl Tt ]Y Gu?
\kd\u, LoU TX] @Td\u F] ]lTR
NV Fu R-p TodLXm. emT Bl Wf]Ls
NtP BpX. @ G]? emT BkR eLs
BlT Y STW? BlT @lWf]Ls [mY
FR]p Fu TodLYim.2

1
T., 491. YN]mRm-2&3, Td.182.
2
T., 242. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 2&3.
26 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Blm , V @jYR jRojRjRd WdL
BVXRWj lNnm YLp FRojRUL, \lm
B\lm BdLdm Fu Ild LiPo.
TLYj Ru BWiPm @jVVjp cxQo
Vm \lTpX Fu @o_]d R-p
FjWd\o; A]p, SuLm @jVVjX, F]dm
D]dm, @o_], \Ls TX LkT] . @Yt\
VpXm Su @Yu; @VUhPn Fu\o! ALY,
LhTu U]l TdYjt IlT , DTRNm
UT\ .1
t\jRWm TVoL[m LpYRtLL
@YoL[ Fojl ToV UhPu , @qYtm
WwVm YiPm F]d Fu @o_]u U]m
Ymd V T cxQo, BqYjU ITm
\lTpX , B\lTpX . B Bk \ B\k
TYRu. B \YR, B\YR, RVR, Y[WR2 Fu
FjWd\o. BkR `VjR Um [dLp, BkR
VLjR Vdm ( YvYdm ) @Yu Xm
BzYdm TLokRu Fu\o c xQo. @Rt
@o_]u X YPeLd uRu o (YRYu
RpYWLl) \ko; YvYm BzYm FjR]V
LXjt uTL BkRYoLs . Rm @u @Ydl
TLoko FuT FqY NjVm? Fu ]\u. @d
Lsu VVjRd LiP c xQo, Am. F]dm
D]dm , @o_] , \Ls TX LkT] .
@Yt\VpXm Su @Yu; @VUhPn Fu\o.
ALY , TpY X]dl TpY [dLeL[d
\Yid\. @Y Iu\Pu WiTY]
TXj Ru]m , TlTVL Bhf Nu p
1
T., 436
2
TLYj R, @j. 2, X. 20
@lTPj RjYm 27

TWUojR NjVjR DQojRX @Ytu DjRNUm. G


vm P AlWad uT Su Bd\u
Fu\o @pXY?1
vX DPXt\ dLjPV L]p Jo Y
Li YLd\m . \ jd Ls\m .
@qY\Ru Nuu zU NW YLWm U\m.2
LP-p LXdm SLs ReLs R YY BZkR
Tm, im @dLPp o AVn ULU UXLp
UZVLl TVlTt SL[u\]. @qY\ YoLs
dLju T ReLs RjRuUV BZkRm, j
RmT @YWYo YN]L[ V TZV YYl
Tu\]o .
T.: @RlT NjVU\ ?
T L .: [Ls YhPlThPm UWm im
Y[ou\RpXY? DoXVm @UWjtd LYWR
YW @qY @ [j Y[m . @RTu ,
NuT , Y YN]Ls BRVjR Xj , DV
LXjp Y YPu Yd[mm . YoLs im
im \lT BlTV.3
BkRTm , DVoX Sdp @Yo uYU
TLYo :
DiUp , RV UWU GpX . Ds[
Ds[T BlT V DQoYm UnmU UhU.4
tX NUVm @Yo BR] Um [dd Yi.
A]m, Ut\m LQR AuUY UnV] Bl Fu\
@lTPXRu FpX [dLeLm @Um.

1
T., 145. Before Abraham was I am.
2
T., 144. YN]mRm-1, Td. 147.
3
T., 108. YN]mRm-1, Td.119.
4
T., 439.
28 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T.: B\ldm U\ldm BPVs[ LXm FqY[?
TL.: @kR BPdLXm iP, eV BdLXm.
A]p , @Ou @Yt\lTt Ium kVu .
FlTm R]Vm @LiP AjU vYT]LY DP-u
NuTm @Yu FglTu . LRWiVL
DT`j BqY\ DWd\ . A]p , NjWeLp
@ofW UodLm, U UodLm Fu B LLs (YLs)
NpXlThs[] . O] IYV UtLiPYoLs
NmNWf Ztu T\oLs ; @YoLd
U\ PV ; @gO] Bp diPoLs
im im \l\oLs Fum NpXlThs[.
Um , iVm UXeV YoLs NodLm Fm
UXLeLdf NpYo Fum , iV#TTeLs
NNUULl kRYoLs BqXXV im _lTo
Fum, TTm @Lt\o SWLm Fm XLeLdf
NpYWum , Fm Bq YL]U mTm
BqXp \ Fd\oLs Fu\pXm NjWeLp
NpXlThs[ . FjR NR] tlT\
Do\dm VLl WxPu, iV XLeLp X
LXm B Yrk, @Ru\ NR] \YYRtj
RdL rXp SpX Xjp \k , im im
NR]Vj RPok Nn, TWU `ojRm Fn\u
Fum NUV pLp Li\m . A]p , DiU
VRp , \lpX , B\lpX . GLjU#vYTm
Iu\ Fu\um D[. BY TWU NjVm.1
T.: oY_uUeLp FqY BkRm Fu Gu
RYpX ?
T L .: B\Yu L Ld LQPu SU
oYjRWeL[ SmPk U\j[u . BlT

1
T., 573. YN]mRm - 2&3, Td. 238
@lTPj RjYm 29

Ddm ]lL[ TtTX uTeL[ [du\].


Nu\LX , YeLX `VeLmPf NokRp uTm
NdLYQRRm . kRV _uUjp \V
iVm Nnd\m Fu RkRm BlT
LoYm RXdLm! BWiU SpXRpX. FkR ]l
uj R] DiU XV IYo DQok @Rp
XTt\X TU] . @ Iu\ YiPjRdL .
@Y YrdLl TVu Um.1
BqY\m, I STu AuLj RVo Xd @pX
U]ofd @u]o kRV _uUjp kR
StNR]Ls LWQUL @U\ Fum X NUVeLp
@Yo lhs[o.
oY _uU ^mvLWjRp TdY Xp BlTo
I\ DiU BRu Fu LhP UjWjXV
UnQotj RuX tTo . TdYUt\YW
TlTVL2 Vu NU Xd (SWV] V DQop
nYRt)j RmU TdYlTjd Ls[ YiYm.3
@RY , YrSs WU NR]p CThYY ,
Ru]jR] @YRtL] ojR VjWl TRp
ISs UhU LPk uNpYRt IlT]RLm
@UVXm . AuU Xl BXdL Sd FqY[
RX-k IYo RPe\o FuT , LPkR
ShLp @Yo UtLiP NR] VtL[m @pX
@qY VX T]Rm Tjd\. FqY[
Wm u]\o FuT Bu\[p @kSTo
UtLis[ VtL[l TjR.

1
T., 553. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 227.
2
LRp Lhd Lh j RY, U]lTPm Nn NkRLeL[
U]jR[p dd LsY , @u\Pm @LL V]m Nn
AuU @ TY AV T -YNLs .
3
T., 21. YN]mRm-1, Td. 23-4.
30 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@XLTj TpLXd LZL T[L gO]
WV[o . . Rv Fum @uTo, Y]
PjR] ju Rt\m IdLm ? Fu
TLYPm ]]o .
TL.: j VPV? YPV. ALY, j I
LV A\.
Rv: B\kRu j ZjdU ?
TL.: NYlTt NlTRu? ]kRm dLjp
Fu] So\ Fu TodLXU ? D\emT SU
@TYm V ?
Rv: dLm RtL-LU]; NY @lTpXV?
TL.: B l XLdPV XY dLm .
@qY\, B \LdPV LrY N. BWim
RtL-LU .
Rv: Yu DPX h @LmT , @ jVm
Li Np\R Fu @V m\u.
T L .: DPXh Yu RjdL . DPp
YThdLXm; vX DPX hPp zU DPXl
Ttd Ls\, dLjm L]m, TLtL]YV Lh
LmTX ! @kRkR XL[ @Nj DPpLs
U\Xm ; jV Ut\m LQ RPok Npm.1
TpY UReLs YqY RUn FjWjm ,
YThP LhTL[ DYdm Ds[Tm
BqYTLs DiUXV IudLu
WiThPY @pX FuTR TLYu DTP Y-j
YkRo . G]p , @Y VU DQojm TiU ,
Ut\m GUt\ AiPYu IY]V hd Lhu\]
FuTo .
T.: YjU Fum RPokR BlPV Vd
(DsTs) Fm BpX Fum T[jR jRkRm

1
T., 206. YN]mRm-1, Td. 204.
@lTPj RjYm 31

NV]R? Ydl ]o _uUm Di F] Ilm


BkUR jRkRjPu @ TkRpXV? BkR
Yu im im \m RPos[ Jo R
VdV, @pX RjRuU GUt\ Ym
YN]j W[?
TL.: FR]m TdLlTP RPok BlT AjU
vYTU; \Lm @LkRV, U]UVm. VYLW
(SP\) RNX Rum @LkRVd LPk tT
AjU vYTm . ]o_uU YLWm BkR @LkRVl
TtV . @R]XV @RtLo Bl BpX Fu
T[jR jRkRm Td\ . Yu Fum XU ,
jRm ( @Ym ) _PjRm ( DWt\ DPXm )
QlTR]XV [\ . BYt\d LPk t\
AuU#@ .1
X NUVeLp Ls ]o_uUjRl Tt BpXUp ,
Ru @udVYu UWQjRp Vt\YWp FlTlTm.
Ru UL] BZkR Jo YPBkV U, B\kRu IYo
Fu] XV @P\o Fu RkLsY
NjVU? Fu TLY] ]]o.
TL.: NjVlTPXm. A]m, FRtLL @R @V
VXYim ? @qY @V Zm STu Bl
FqY[ Wm DiUV @R @[ _mTXjRu
Bdm @kSTo @V mm DiUm.
U : IYu \lm B\lm @YW Yrm FeLdl
T_U]YV .
TL.: G]u\p, DeL[ Bl DPp NokR Fu
RY\L FioLs. @RTu , Ut\YWm @YW
DPXf NokR Rt\U @YW _ vYTUL Fi
oLs. eL[ @YW Ym DPp @pX.

1
T., 136. YN]mRm-1, Td. 141.
32 c WUQ ULu TuULs
U : @Ru]Y, Fu @dLhVYW, Sm F]
ULm Un DolPVYoLs Fu\ L\u.
TL.: Su Fum ]lu FfV \l; @Ru
IdLU B\l. BkR ]lT\ @LkR Jo DPPu
Ru] NmTkRlTjd Li, Su, F] Fu\pXm TtTX
@U]eL[ Fld Li Zl\ . DPX
BZm @LkRV Su Fu\ ]lp , \Wm
@YoL[ DPpRu Sm @PV[m Li\m .
DeLs DPp \k , Y[ok u]o B\dLl TYRl
Tu\ Ut\YoL[m @YoL[ \lPu, Y[ofPm
p B\lPm BQj Fi\m. DeLPV
ULu \lTRt uTL @Y]lTt FioL[? @Yu
\kR \L @qYiQm FkR, RPokR, @Y]
Ndl u]m @Y]lTtV ]l RPo\. eLs
@Y]lTt ]dm @[djRu @Yu DeLs jWu.
@Yu Fe TnhPu ? FkR X#R-um
Ru]] @Rp HdVUhPu. eLs RPok
BkYm YW DeLs ULm @qY\ BkYWjRu
Nn\u. DPp S]um @U]jR BPP AuU
NWjRp d, \l#B\l @t\ AuUY Su Fu
DQWYim. @qY AuU xt\p \Wm
DPt\YoL[nd LRUhPm . VYm , @]jm
AjULWULY [em . VR YtUdL ,
@U]jtL, @R]p Fm VWjtL @e BPm
BpX . BqY , \ Iu\m AuUY DQok
@YLY Xd Uhm uTeLdLo pX.1
HkRm _ow Uu]u UWQjRl Tt B @uToLs
TLYu Pjs Td LikR]o . Uu]u
U\YlTt @YoLs dL LYXt\YoL[Ld

1
T., 276. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 33-4.
@lTPj RjYm 33

LQlThP]o . @YoL[l Toj TLYu uYU


DiL XV DTRjR]o:
Vo B\kRXu] ? Vo IkRXu] ? Sm B\k
Sm IkdLYim . @qY ( @LkRVk )
AuUY IuPYim . @Y TWQ @u
X .1
LPVL, UWQju dVjYm Tt: B\dm RYp
Ds[ Jo STu U]X Utm Do YRtu
LPVL Rum FiQeL[l TtV dVjYjR
UReLs Y-jd u\]. A]p TLY], Vm
BdLXmYW LjWUp @Rt Y u]RLY
U]jRl TdYlTjj RVo Xp YjlTRu
@YVjR DQoj]o . @qYpXVp , UWQj
RYp mTjRLR FiQeLs UXem. @Yt\
@Pdd LhlTjR VR @[d @Y RLdm.
T.: V LXjp AuU NhNjLWjR FhPV
Tm , Do m Bd LQjXm @kR
@TYm T\ TLYu @[ Yi\u.
TL .: FkR ]Y IYu N\] , @R
@NjR @Yu U\Yu FuT DiUV .
TLYj Ru FhPY @jVVjm BqY \l
Ths[ . 2 Fm , NLlTm @dLQjp LQ
mm @m UnmU BdLQm FdLQm Bk
LiR] Bd\? BlTR @R DQWXU !

1
YN]mRm-1, Td. 223.
T., 236.
2
UWQLXjm Fu]V ]jdLi DPXj \k
Vo T\] @Yu Fu NTjR @P\u . Bp
HVpX # TLYj R, @j. 4, X. 5. (Bp Fu NTm
FuT Rt T[V x @pX TWj] d\).
34 c WUQ ULu TuULs

BRVm Wm

Wm Utm BRVm Tt UL UkR TR]V


YjRlTRt BY DLkR BPm. DQou BdL
BRVjX @Uks[, ju vR]U] RXp
@pX Fu @Yo TjRo. A]p, Bp BRVm FuT
Uou BPl\m Ds[ T[L DlT] SglT Fu
TsTP @pX ; U\L , Uou YX\m BPe
Lis[ AuU BlQou XUV BRV
LUXjRd lTRm. @kR BRV LUXU FiQeL[d
L[kR AuU kR] Ldm vR]m. DQo FuT
FiQd VpL[d lTRpX ; U\L , V DQo
@pX Vl WdOV du\. @kR BRV LUXU
AuU Sd Xj tm UVm FuTRj Rm
@TYoYUL DQokRRLm, @Ru u]W @RtL]
ARWjRf X WR] YNLeLp LiPkRRLm
UL s[o. U]jR DsLULj l AuU
kR]p Ark @R] BRVjp TjU
TdRoLd @Yo DTRjRT, YX\m @UkR BRV
LUXjRV lhPo. NRLoLm @kR YX\ AuL
BRVjs V]jR Bj , @kR BRVm I-dm
hPjRhP T[L @oTX] AuU DQou
UnX @Y F] @TYjp @kR]o. Am
@Yo X NUVm @kR BRV DQoY DiUp AuU
@ Fum lhs[o. Um, @kR BRV vR]m
Jo DPp Dl @pX, BP#LXj RPoTt\ @mTW X
@ Fum ]o.
T.: BRVm Uou BPlTdLjp BlT DVp
@OoLm Ut\YoLm @kR `VUdL, @
YXl\m BlTRLj ReLs YRt ARWm
GRm Bd\R ?
TL.: WjR LNUV BRVm vX NWju BPl\m
Bd\ FuTR FYm UdLV. A]p BlT
Sm TY @RlTtVpX. YPV NLX jLu
@lTPj RjYm 35

DtTj vR]UV BRVm Uou YXlTdLjXRu


Bd\. @Y F] @TYm. @Rt ARWm Gm
YiYpX . BkRm , TX Y`eLdl \
UXV[ UXs[ @xPeL yRVm 1 Fu\ -p
BRt ARWm PjR. SUot BWp YXjR BRVm
Bd\Rum, @Y @LkRu \lP Uum, NLX
SLs, WQu, U]m, I FuT] Ytu XvR]m
@Y Fum @k-p \l Thd\. Bq`Vm
Rp UTVodLlTh Ds[ StT @TkRjp
(NnsLs 18 ,19 ) NodLl Ths[ . RT`j m
BqYTYjR AUdm BPUu Bd\.2
BqY TLu\ TLYu, RT`j-k FdLlThP
YNLjR 3 TdRPm LijRo . UXV[ --k
I TVl TjdLh]o. Y X NUVeLp RU
Ljd ARWUL Tp @PeV FdVvPv
Rlp Lis[ UnVPVo BRVm @YW
YX LWjR, @-u BRVm BP \jR4 YL[
]Tj]o .
T.: V]m YRt BRVjR IL SdPu
UVlTjY RYR] ?
TL .: V DQoYjR] S\m ? @ FeL
YX Bd\? SUds[R] @R SPYim?
@R]XV, Ds[ To Fu NpXYid\.

1
B WjTt\ YPU AoYR p . RuUdL Bkp
u]o UXV[jp UTVodLlThP .
2
T., 4. YN]mRm-1, Td. 2.
3
lW[VYvRVm fWUQojRm TLYR RQYb : vRX
cYj^do jY fWmV ^ VLNd : - RTPRm .
( FpXm XVUm W[V Xp TLY] VL Nd @YW
Uou YXlTLjp cYj^ YYn @U \d\ ).
4
-V Ghu TZV GtThp FdVvPv x, 2.
36 c WUQ ULu TuULs
p, BRVm FuT DQou XvR]m. V DQoY
@Ru vYTm.1
Su Fm ]l Fek F\ FuTRd
ok LYdLf Np\] RW Y\m @pX .
A]m , @kR ]l Uou YX\jp GR
Iu-k FmYRLm , @qPjXV @Pe
Iu YRLm Y DiUp @qY[
NVpXRu. BRVUjVm Fu Sm lY Ut\m
LQR UnmUu UTVW @u Y\pX . @
DPd Ds[V YVV BdLdVRpX .
G]p, @ @YLY Ds[ Iu. BRVm Fu\T
DPp NokR FkR I DlTV , SWm UiPXj
RVV @pX @Tu\ Y FRV Ts
Ls[pX . @qY\m , UPo RmU DPp
NokRYWL @PV[m Lu\YWp , Rm RU
DPs BkYYRL Fidu\ YWp , Du
DP-u FkR TLjp Su Fu\ ]l [m\,
FRp @ @Pe Ie\ Fu Vjl
TodmT @j\u . @kRl T Uou
YXl\s[ @jVjU BRV UjpRu BdLYim
Fu UXhPUL DQoj\u . G]p , IqY
STm, @Yo FkR B]jR @pX URjRf NokRYWL
Blm, FkR U TTYWm, Ru] Su F]f
hd LhdLsYRt R] Uou YXl\jRV
WXp RhdLhY NL_m. BkRf NnL DXL UdLs
@]Yodm BVtLV]. @qY Su FuTRu Pm
Rus @qPjp AWLjs[ Fu\ LmW
RjYjR SmUVVUXV YlTj\m .
jdmT Su Fm FiQm FeL Dd\,

1
T., 205. YN]mRm-1, Td. 203-4.
@lTPj RjYm 37

jWp AmT Fe @Pe\ FuTRd


ok LYjRp YX\ BRV vR]j-k @qY
Lr\ FuTR FYm @k Ls[dm.1
BhP\p Ds[Yt\d LQ [dL
DR\. TL-p Vu WLdmT [dLVp
VR TVm BpX . V] [dLLi
LQYiV pX @pXY ? Li V] Sdj
mYR Tm; VmWLN]Ld LWYu R] Iok
\Y]jRm IWYd\u. @RTuRu U]m.
\l TsL[d LiTRt U]ju WTX]l WLNm
Yim . A]p , BRV vYTjR DQoRp U]
LrfV] I]p @u . U]m BRVLU]X
Tm . @lT U] I Ru XjR JV , BRVm
TWQUm GLvYTUnj Ru]kRV [e\.2
RkL YThl Ttp, DP-p @UklTRLd
\lTm VL NdLWeLs Iuu Ujp U]R
ILlTjj VlT YZdLm . TmTm B
YeLdPX] St UVjp U]Rd lT
XdLlT\ . YXl\ BRVLUXm @kR VL
NdLWeLs Iu @pX FuT uYm @jVVm
Iup RTjRlT\ . U]R ILlTjR
Ut\kR UVeL[d Lhm yRV (BRV) UjVjp
U]Rd j AuU NWjR UtLsY TV
YnkR FuTR uYm YdVeLp TLYu
[d\o . @RNUVm , V AuU kR]d @
CPL FuTRm l\o.
T.: Ds[ StT @TkRjp , Uou SdLht
BWp YXlTdLjp TX \eL[] A vR]eLs
BlTRLm , @Ytp Iu BRV vR]m Fum

1
D.D., Td. 202 (RYW_ R-Vo PV.).
2
T., 99. YN]mRm-1, Td. 110.
38 c WUQ ULu TuULs
\lThs[.1 A]p @kR BRV LUXm YYt\
Fum soLs. @lTVu\p, YYm GUt\
@kR BRVjt YYm Ltj @Ru kR]Vd
jj V]m NnVYim FuoL[?
T.: BpX. Su Vo Fu TolTR TU].
dLjm lm RPoklT Su Iu\ .
BR] DQWRRp l Xp uTm , @R
dYRtL] Vtm Lru\] . dLj-k
lT Vo Fu LhPp Su Fu PVd\m.
BkR Su FuTRu R LY]m BdLhm Fu
DTRdLlT\ . @qY @RV LYjd
LikRp, @qYLkR R]dLo YYm BpXRRp
Ru XUV BRVjR @Pe Ie\. @qPjR
Fus[ BVpTV] NjV#vYTm R] Xe\.
AR-u, Su FuT FYu ok LYdL Yim;
Y FkR UVjRm VdLj RYpX .
DiUp, DsY, YVTLm FuTR] TTLs
Ium BpX. Dsm Ym FpXm Iu\. FpXm
Fu RVm GpX . Am, BRV vR]jRj
VlT I YV. @ IRj V]UVu, AuU
NWQ @pX . BRV XzVm DPVo U]m Jnk
fNXUm Xp RU DiUV] BlT DQW
m. Y UVeL[j VlTYoLs, GR IR
XVjXV YNZlToLs . U]m UTm YlTh
BVemT @YW U]m fNXUkR Fu
YU] @UlToLs . 2

1
BX SUo TY RuU/-l T[ \mTX Yt/
[T [mTX mT] s[/Wp YXjR lT
RVm. - Ds[ StT-@TkRm, TPp 18.).
2
T.,131. YN]mRm-1, Td. 134-35.
@lTPj RjYm 39

uYm YNLl Tp I AeXV U, FiQeLs


@t\ R] DQo @TYjRlTtl TLYPm
YjRT TLYu @R AUjRo:
T. ( ^v dLh ) : FiQeLs Ieu\] ; LQjp
Jnu\]. DP] DTVt\ @am vWQm1
[e\. @ Ds[j DQoYVu j j
@pX. BkR @TYm NV]R?
TL .: @lTVRu ! @am vWQm [eYRt
FiQeL[l TtV U] AWnfL[pXm @fNUVm
IeLYim. eLs NpY Ds[j DQoY Am.
jVf NokR @pX.
T.: Um , @kR @TYju BPm RX @pX , YX
UoTLU .
TL.: @m NV. @Ru BRVju vR]m.
T.: @kR vl Fu] G Fu LYdLj RPe]p
@kR XhVm RYlT\. Fu] NnY?
TL .: XhVjum \Zf Ntm BPeLP
LY]jR @eLV jRYim; IW Vnl jd
Ls[ Yim.2
SuFm V AuU DQop IuV XlTtp
FiQ @XLs JnkTm , Y kR]d BPU
BpXUt Tnm. FuTRL @ojRm Ls[XL! V
DQop RmU WkRWUL HdVlTjd LiP WUQ
TLY] BRt Jo FjdLhPL [e]o .
@VUp DZm STd FiQm FuT DVW
Lkdm @PokR UL hPm Tu\ . @lT
V I @Ydj RV. ULhPm @Lu i
U\kRPu V YfNm T\ . @gO]m
@Lu\ IYo RU FiQeL[ BxPmTp

1
Su, Su Fum Ds[-.
2
T.,131. YN]mRm-1, Td. 26
40 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TVuTj\o. @RNUVm FiQf ZpLp d\Up
AuU SdXV BZk Y\o . XNUVeLp
TLYu BRt Y\ DTU]m Yi :
UnmUQokR STu j , TLp SWjf NkWu
Tu\. TL-m NkWu Di. A]p @lT @Ru
I RYlTYpX . NkW IuV Vu
SWp FRm Rs[jRV LQXm @pXY?

uTeLs
TLYu WUQPm @dL FlTlThP LsLs
uTm TtV Wf]m Iu . @d LsLs
TlTPVLY LhTh VLY BpXUp
YZdLUnj RlThP \p ]YlThP]. G]p
TmTm U]jVt\ UdL[ ARX S
TLYPm JYkR]o. UnV] VoPl I U[],
U\Lj RdLj TLY @YPm PdLlTt\
Fu\Tm , BlWf] jj RjYojRU]
LsLdm T-j]o.

YZdLUL @YW P Fu]Yu\p uTlTY


Vo ? Fu ldLh UPdYRu ! Y\kR
`VjmP NkRLm FmYW , Vd @kR
NkRLm F\ FuTR R-p LieLs! Fu\
Tp#LsPu RPeY Tu ! uTeLd
LpXm @lTtThP AuU. @Rt VWm BpX,
H V l T L m P V F u T o . A m , X
NUVeLp VRojRUL BlTm [dYo: FkR I
dL Uhu LWQULm I STo R] @gO]jp
U]m Sk FkR @[d AuU kR]p ARm
SXm LQ Z\W @kR @[d @YoThP
uTm @u]W AuL NWjt Bhf NpY
Su\u\ !
T L .: AjU]kRm FlTm jRUL ( RVo
Xp ) Bd\ . WjRV S]p @R V
@lTPj RjYm 41

DQoYn. BqYru RpXLdd LWQm Yp


BpX . @LkRVm Dus[V Bd\ . D]d
@tTU] DTRL[d LtjdLi, @R]p Fm
RpXL[d LPdL p Vt Nn\n. @]jj
uTeLdm @LkRV Xm . DiUp Dus
Bdm FpXj uTeLdm YrdLu
NmTYeL[d LWQULd Yp V TVu ? D]d
@uVUL Ds[Yt-k Fu] BuTjRd LiTn?
@lT BuTt\m @ FqY[ LXm dm?
@LkRV Uj @R oXm Nn hPjRp
TkRj-k TYn. @LkRV GtdLiPp
@ D]dj R[L[ GtTj @Yt\ m i
VtL[ DiPdm. @lTjRu BkRj Pu _]L
ULW_]l TZdL Vu\u .
Du BVpTm AuUp dLU\ XjlTR
Fu\um D] NL_ XVV TWQ BuTjR
DQoYRtL] YVm.1
u YVR WmV IW ZkRV BZkR FV TdRo
IYo U]Pu AfWUjt YkkRo . @l
Tt\u VWjR dL TLYu uYU @]o.
U]jR Tt NnYkRp LxPeLs VoLs
YmT @Yt\j RVjPu TdL \. jW
NLU FpXYtm LVRLd \lT\. Fm,
FkR NLUm , Sm I YYm Fu Fid
LidmUhP VWm SmU Tdm. DPp YYm
SUpX Fu YLjRp @R XdeLp, NvYRU]
AuU vYTm Iu\ [e\ . B\lpX ,
\lpX. \klT DPX ; DPp FuT @LkR
U]ju Y ; Fm , DPp Bu @LkR RV
1
M.G., II., Td.51-52. UL YnU, Td. 51-52 (1994 Tl).
42 c WUQ ULu TuULs
RuYpX . FlTm @ DPX QThP
Bd\. Fm, BlQlp @LkRV WR]U].
B ( @LkR ) lXp Ru\ ; dLjp
RuYpX . jWp @LkR IeVT Sm
BpXV? F FkRp FpXm F\R, F Ie]p
FpXm Ie\R @qYLkR Fek [m\
Fu LYjRp , AuUYm RuPkR Fu
RYm. BkR DiUV DQWjRPeV DP]V
U]m SdLj RPehP F]Xm. U]m RVj RV ,
vYTm UuUm U\lu Im. U]m tm
Yt]p RPVu AuU vYTm NL_Un
@YLY [em . @eL S]R YoLpX ,
\lpX, B\lpX, FjVm NtpX.
\kR SUp , NYl TtV TVjRj RodL
V . \lTR DPXVu SUpX . DPp U]ju
@PdLm. AR-u, @LkR U]ju FfV \l. @kR
FfV uTU]ju AYo. @qYLkR Fek
[m\RuTR Ark Sd]p, @Ru XUm AuU
vYTjp Iem . \lm B\lm @t\ NvYR
@LiP AuU vYTUn SU glTm .
\lTum B\lTum Fi @pXm @LkR
@\Y @t\ BPm @.1
T.: SUd YiVYo VWm B\kT]p,
V\m . @qY VoTPUp BlT FlT ?
@]YPm IWR @u YRX , @pX
VPm @u Ls[Up BkYRX?
T L .: NjRY]lTt DW BlTYu
Yk\u . Ykm Su VWu Nj
S]tlT]p, YkYRt IYu BWu. @Ru IW

1
T., 80. YN]mRm-1, Td. 95.
@lTPj RjYm 43

Y. FpXPm NU @u Y FuTm, VPm


(WjVL) @u TWhPUp BjRm Iu\. VRojRU
lT @LiP AuUYm R] FumT ,
SlTRtL YlTRtL @uVo Vm BWo.1
Am X NUVeLp ]dLs RlThPYu NL
Lr j BpXUp , TYL DXp LQlTm
ULs, uTeL[d jRYVL BkR]. AWUjt
YL Yp @jYR jRkRd Wl @t\YW
@pX AuU NW UodLjRl uTt\RYWRu
YZdLUL BmUV] LsL[ Fl]o.
YSo: TgNm, Sm, TXYLd LxPeLm DXL
Yju\] . DXu BdLxP RNdd LWQm
Fu] ?
TL.: DXLm @Ru uTeLm Vdj Ruu\]?
YSo: @lTf Nu]p FlT? NdL YiQd
LxPeLs tm BkYu\].
TL .: DXL , @Ru uTeL[ dLjuT
DeLdj RuViP ? @qY\ eLs DU
DiU Xp u\p DXLj Rt\U uTd
LhV Ntm BW. DiLlTh GLuU vYT]L
o u\p DXLj Rt\m Nj BpXR Ym ZX
Fu DQoo . @kR ZXp LQlTm uTm
U]jR[Y.
YSo : LiQ dLi Ru Uhm Rldm VSXm
@pXY B!
TL.: DXLm Fu RVL DUd @VXn YV
Fm BpX. RLU Su F] eLs ]lTRp DUd
@VXn DXLm uTm BlTRLj Ru\. DU
_ vYTjR o DQok u\p Bk ZpL[p o
TdLlTPUho .
1
T., 252. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 18.
44 c WUQ ULu TuULs
YkRYW BRtLpXm UVdVYWLj Ru\pX.
DXu uTeL[m , @Yt\d PdL QLl
TTYWm Ttj mTj mTd LhPo.
YSo : FjR]V TVoLm NLSX EVoLm
FqY[Y Vum DXu uTeL[ @YoL[p
@Lt\VpX ...
TL .: DXt GR Nn NdL Yim Fu
]j VpTYoLs @LkR @LXRYoL[L BlTRp
Ym LQ BVX Yk\oLs . @YoLs RU
_ vYTjR DQoYWp , @Y @YoLs RUdm
DXtm NnVdV TTLWUm .
Bkm, YkRYW T[L DXLm UV] UnmU
TkV Fu\ DLiPYo . Um tY[j
]]o, @ FlTl TTLWUm? AuU Blp
Xj tTYmP YDXL DiUVLY Li
UdLu VW At\Xm BpXV? Fu.
YSo: @lTolThP ULuLs DXt DRYdPR Fu]?
TL.: @YoLs DXt IuU NnVpX Fu
DUd fNVm RU? UPl WNeLeL[m, DXLVR
DRL[m YL VtL[m NdL VR
TRV ULuLs RU LmWU] U[] Xp
BPV\ Nn LiPd\oLs .
YkR STo BlT SP\ `Vjp B\e\o .
DsL kR]dl TXL YL SX SPYdLLs
UtLsYTt ]\o . TLY] hd
LlTRL BpX !
Y.: DXu uTeL[ dL FeL[l Tu\o NnVd
V DR V?
TL .: R-p o uTUt BkRp Y\em
uTjRd LQUho . Yp BlTRL o Lm
DXLm @Ru uTm DU U]j Rt\eL[ . @j
@lTPj RjYm 45

Rt\eLp U]Rf NjR DU _ vYTUn o


u\p, DiUp Ds[ @UUVUm @Yu\ Fu
DQoo.
Y.: \X \Ym LPPk, TtTX \Ls
\kR BlTPl FqY DiPt?
TL .: \L[d Lm o LPd Y\]YWL
BdW ? DPp Su Fu o FiUhm , DXLm
DUd YV BlTRLY Rum ; \Lm
Rum. LPs Fd\m @t\Yo; @YW YlTm
Fd\Ut\ @YW YY . RLjU js[ W
R`eL[d Lio . DXLm uTUVUnj
RuYm Jo SXi. @jRt\ju U]jR
DiLULj l, DiUV DQok @U\Xm.
Y .: @LiP AuU FRtLLj VokR DXLULl
TQjs[ ?
TL.: o AuUYd LiTRtLLjRu Fu Yjd
LsUu ! DU LiL[p, @kRd LiL[V LQ
U? A]p, Lid u]p Xd LiQVl
jRp LiLs RmUd Liu\] . x FuT
XdLiQ . R-p DmUd LeLs . @Ruu
AuU vYTUL DXLm YRm LQlT\Xm.
Y .: @RY, Su FlTm DsL SdL BkYW
Yim, Y DXLl TodLY P FuoLs!
TL.: LiQ dLs Fu (Su) NpXpX.
DmU R-p Li LiPp \ DXLXm RuUVUL
BlTR DQoo . DPp Su Fp , DXLm DUd
@uVUn YV BlTRnj Rum . AuUY
S]u DQokRp YVLm mULWUn [em .1
JVj RpX Fu]Yu\p , DPX Liu Ds[
DXL DiUVpX Fu LY UjRd L]m .
1
T., 272. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 30-31.
46 c WUQ ULu TuULs
uLiP DWVP-p TLY] BR IldLis[o.
T.: F]dl Tp Y-d\ . TpY-Vm RXY-Vm
(\ SL[m) Ym FiQeLs Fu IdP
YpXV !
T L .: U]jt @uVUn DPXu Ds[
Fum WU YjlTRp @qY Ru\. Y
LVeLp WUL CThdmTm , D\dLju
Tm @Y RYpX. Ru U\YRm NjVm
AL . DXLl Todm STo FqY[ DiUV
@RtLjR] @Yo Lm DXLm DTRLm DiU
TXj Rum .
BkR LjlTYm FqY[ L]U] FuTR ,
SLfY LXkR uYm YojRVP-p LQXm.
T.: RtT (1938 lWY) ]dm, _lTdm jRm
SPk Lid\. FpXm U]UVU Fp, BkR
j R m B p X F u \ TY ] p T L Y u @ R
jPXU ?
TL .: (jRT ) Ls LhTYWp TLYu F]d
LRlTm Vdm, ]#_lTV jRm Tu\
\Vm U]UVU . U]jRhj Rt\m FRtm
BPpX ! 1
LPVL I UtLs: X NUVeLp TLYu FqY
RtL-LUL VRojR UhPjp TXdLp uTU
UR] @LkR NokR YrdL @l\f Nn,
AuU NWQ UodLjR SP Dk\ FuTR hd
Lhs[o .
T.: F FlTVm, BlT @TdLlTm
LxPUpXm FRtLL ?

1
T., 451. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 147-8.
@lTPj RjYm 47

TL.: LxPm RuYRXV LxPpXR XV


S\m . @jRLV ShPu , AjU NWQm
AjUm FqY jdm ?
T.: @lTVu\p uTeLs, dLeLs @]jm
SpXRtLV ?
TL .: Aa ! @Xu] NkRLm ? BuTm FuT
Fu]? AWdVm, @ZV DPtLhm, Y[Y[d
SpX NlT R-VYR] LTYm? DPpSXm DXL
LeLm \Y\lTt\ I NdLWYojmP GRY
Ru\lTtd LxPlThd LiRu BlTu ;
LYXp ArklTu . RLjU jV LxPeLs
@]jtm XRWm. AuU NWQp @ @\Y
IkR DP]V LXlX A]kRjRd LQXm. @kR
A]kRm Ru U\YRu ; Fum SU BVpTLY
BlT . 1

TTm

@LeLWm , \dj e BZjhPRd j


@[LPkR @eLXnl, TTm kRYu t\ DQo
@pX I STu Q BVpu GtTm eL]
RdLm AV]Ytu [L[ TTm Utm ]
F]lTY]. @\Sd LhTLs, IdLd LhlTLs
Utm DQofoYU] @WLs YXn UReLs
UR @LkRQoYd Lhds Bj, URu RLR
YLp NpXRY Rj ju\] . Am ,
@LkRVV YW s Fm WmLiP
SWV] AuL UodLUm Su Vo NWQp
@LkRu TpY @dWUeL[l Ttd LY]m
NjRj RYpXUt T\. ALY, @jYR U]l
TdYm @LkRR RdRp Lrj @R @jm

1
T., 633. YN]mRm-2&3, Td.279.
48 c WUQ ULu TuULs
VtV UtLsYRp , @LeLWju lhP
YlTL[V ] Utm TTLVeLu R]
RoLj RdRpLd @YVm FYpX.
I STo FqY[ TT LVeLs Nnlm ,
@YttLL, HV! Su UL T. F]dL UhNm?
Fu ReLYiQj VWjPu Xmd LilTR
j, Ru I T Fu\ FiQjRV @V \k,
AuUj V]jp YWdVjPu CTYWVp ,
@kSTo okY @ fNVm.1
FiQeL[ UVLd LPk , U]Xd
@lTtThP AuU @Y FhYR BXdLLd LiP
\l Ttp V kR]Vj Rj FoLi
VdLj RY Gm FYRtpX . AuU
NWQp FqRf kRm BPjRPV Am.

FiQeL-k TYR AuU @ X Fu


TLYu NpXd LhPu . Am , RPdL
XLXY SpX FiQeLd BPm DiPpXY?
Fu Jo HWlV U LhPRt TLYu Nu]o:
BdLXmRu ; LhP FiQeL[j RolTRt
@Y DRYXm. Am, FiQeLs Vm Su Fum
X FiQjRl TtV FY] . @kR @amj,
AuUYV Ru FuT-k DlT . ARXp ,
AuUd @uVUn FiQeLd BlT BpX.
V ]Ls V ]Ld BPeLP Ldu\].
WQ AuU @ DlTRt uTL FiQeLs
RULY U\kTm . AuU Xp tTod
FiQeLs Ru]m Ru\hPm XT SxPm
IupX . 2

1
W., 14.
2
T., 341, YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 88.
@lTPj RjYm 49

U]m FuTRt NjY QU* (TeLVjR V


BlT ) TYm . ULeL[t\ ALVjRlTp
oUXUlTR U]#ALNm . Am , B W_
Qju* BVpTV LoU CThf NX]eL[m ,
NgNXeL[m , RU Qju* ( @gO] Bu )
T[L DXLLWl TQUjRm Qk LhlTh,
vXUn hPRp Yv ( UnlTu ) RN]m
PdLl TYpX . L]U] LPlTWVp Up-V
Th YvWjR BZP BVX ; LXSVm YnkR
JVju p-V YiQ ZtL[V @Tu\
@hUU] ThLu XbQeL[V Lt]p
@Lm @Nk dm TfPWp oQdL
BVX . @RTu RUQj]p Bd L]U
hPm , W_ Qj]p NgNXlTYU] U]Rp
UnlTs @TYm LP. UnmU @ hUm
YnkR ; fNX]U] . @SL _uUeLp NnYkR
xLV (TX] FoTWR ) LoUeL[p UXm (TTm )
e] U] Nt (DiUV] O] ANu) XUn
WYQLs BVt (SpTRNeLs NUj DsYe),
SeLXm mUj V]U\ jV^]m NnRpRu
U]u RUQ TU] DXLLW TQUj Rt\m,
W_Q TU] @Ytu NX]eLm em. @qY
eVPu, U]m hUm fNXm Am. NX]Ut\
hU U]p @kR vYT]kRm AolTdm

*
NjYm, W_v, RUNm Fu\ dQ UVUL W (bjWm)
Bd\ . NjY Qm @duUVp ITk vTLm
Tu\. W_Qm AN YPV, YhLm TtRXm
DiTiY . @Y ]lTt . RU Qm (RUN Qm )
@gO] Bu YY . @ @NhP , NmTp , D\dLm
BYt\p h\ - Y jTY]kRu TLYj R (@jVVm
14, XLeLs 6,7,8) W-k .
50 c WUQ ULu TuULs
(Rum) # WkRW V]jRp W_N#RUN QeLs @Lu\
Xl Ttp @kR hU U]df NT]kR #
AolTYm Su\nj Rm . BkR hU U]jR
AuU vYT @TYjp XlTY] YudRu .
VLs BkR U] # ALN XU @]jRm
@u\oLs. BR]V oQl WmUm Fu WUR
FjWjs[. BkR @TYjRm LPk, Yd U]m
BWitm @LNWUn (@lTtTh ) @Um TWUTR
XlT\ oQRl mUm F]lTY . @kR
@LiPLW vV @PkRY] RLdRu. @RY,
hU U] Xlm LWk , vYTju @TYm
BpXUp, TWU]kRd LP-p r Y\um Ru\Up
@mUVUlTY] RL dRu. @RtUp DVoX
GpX. BY .1
U]jnUu @YVjRlTtm @Yo Y-j]o.
@qYlT YTYoLp VWm IYo, rjRWU]
FiQ JhPeL[ FodLUhPUp Fu U]m TX]UL
Ds[R, S]u] NnV? Fu \mT, Um
WUL Vt UtLs[XU !, Fu TlTo .
YkRYu U]l TdYjtj RdLY rjRW FiQeLs
Vd Fu\] FuTRd LieL[u Fum
Yo.
T.: jV LoUxP]jRdPf NYWf NnVR T
Su. @R]p Fu @jR _uU Fu]u] LxPeLs
@TdL Yi YU RVpX . TLY] ,
ReLsRu Fu]j LjR[ Yim.
TL.: Su T Fu FRtLL ]doLs? LP[
Sm]p _uU _uUm @Yo LjRsYo ;
T WjRVpXm @YPm IljPYim .
YNLjp :
1
S.E., 11. cWUQ tWh, NW NeWLm, Td. 214-15 (1987 Tl).
@lTPj RjYm 51
St LPV SV] SVk V AhLiPn
UVl \ DuYNU Yjh d UYu
AVd LPYu S]Ru? Fu]Re LLWm ?
LVj Y uPV LZtr YlTn
LiRX 1

Fu [dLlTt\ TWQ AjU#NUolTQm Iu\


Yim. @Y SmU Fu\um Ldm.2
T.: XuT LoL[ Lhm V]jp ArYp
@L Lm Ds[ . @qY\m , U]m u]p
ShPm Ls[Up u]R (XuTjR) S\.
@ G]?
TL.: Lm, dLm FuTRpXm U]ju Rt\eL[.
TWU LU SU @lTP BVp . Am , SU
AuUY U\k, DPm Ds[U Sm Fu\ UUVdp
Ark Pd\m . BqY RY\L @PV[e
LYRpRu VWeLm Ruu\] . Fu] NnV ?
BkRlTd Ark Yu , Nu\ TX \L[Lj
RPok FiQjp E, DVn Y[okhP.
@qYiQm XL Yim. @lT SU _NT
@Y TWQ LTYm FuTR DQoYm.3
FpXYttm UXL, UuUm V YN] L[
( Ds[okR U]lTdL[ ) DiPdd Ls[Up
BdLYim .
T.: Y! @LkRl Tu u RlYRlT?
1
Ts : I SVd Lhm LLhPY]] Fu] SV
ARWPu AhLiPn . \l -B\l Fum UV UhV
DuYNU Yjs[n. F]d Fu] Sm FuTRd Ls\
NnV F]dL @LWm? (Ym _uUeLp) YqY DPpLp
Fu] Dh YR @pX D] TRWkRjp Fu]
XVn @Tk PdLf NnYR Du TlTu\ !
- UdLYNLu YNLm -p .
2
T., 30. YN]mRm-1, Td. 43-4.
3
T., 540.
52 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL.: (T] TL) Um V _uUkRW YN]L[
GtdLs[kRp @LkR TXm u Sjm.1
YV LQlTm DXu DiU X Ym UVV
FumT @p Lm ULm UVV. kR]V
DsLULj l, AuUYm UnVY SYR DXL
UVum TYRtL] YWQm . Y
VLSkRPu YkkR @YW NVX[o . Ao. Wh
Fu\ @UdLo , SpXm Vm BlTRu ? Fu
]VT TLYu Nu]o.
@Y Iu\Vu Tt tm BWhP YYm .
RkLsTYu IYu BkRpR] @Y @Ydj
Ruu\]! @LkRV @jRt\eL[ Fl\ .
@qYLkR Fek [m\ Fu Ark LYjRp,
@ Ru XUm AuUp Iem . @LkRu
XUV AuUu BlT FY @Y LPu
vYTm. Bq[dLm Nt hPYhPU], eLs k
Ls[dV, Fu @Ud\u.2

LPs

UXkRYVLl TojRp , LP[lTt UL


TLokRY udlu WiPTP]RLj Rum .
G]p, AiPYPm SmdLPu @Yu Y
NWQPV YiU] X NUVm TlTo. Y NUVm,
LPs Fu DiUp Rj GpX FuTo .
Am BYtp WiT PV. Iu\ Sm NR
]t Ls[ Yim . @RY , @YW [dL
DWLs FkR I jRkRjRm XShYRtLL
@pXUp , AuL UodLjp LV NjVUL
@lVlTRtL] YLhPX Am. BUVt\ IU
SdLm @jYR p AuUYd LdLs[ BVm

1
T., 173. YN]mRm-1, Td. 170.
2
T., 106. YN]mRm-1, Td. 117.
@lTPj RjYm 53

FkR STm, Rus R]dm AuUm, LPu


AuUYm TWUjUm , DXs[ VU Iu\
FuTRl kLsYo. U\L, _mTp Rum RU
Su Fm @LkRVj Rd tm FYm, AuU
FuT RmUl TPjR LPs FuTRLY Gt\oLs.
@Yd LP[ DYLlTj\oLs . @YWYoLu
RYdLlT , @u]u U]lTdYjtj RdLY
ULu [dLeLs @UkR]. Ut\ `VeL[l TXY
Bq`Vjm @Yo YRlWYReLu VojRjRf
hd Lh]o . BYLp GRm Iu\l
uTtYR TVudL , @Yj RjYojRUL
YlTp TVu GpX FuTR @YW X. Ds[
StT DTRNlTP-p (TPp 2,3,4) BR] eLf Np-
[eL Yd\o:
mRX VmUR (m ) tLs (m ) JoRX
mRXn tUu mR # mRX
Vu]XLe LW dUhP VuLhj
RuX t\ \X.

[Ts : DXLm, Do, B\ Fu\ lThL[


@lTPVLd LiP DXp RuV FpX UReLm
u Xu\] . Am , Iu\V] UnlT[
u ThL[L TQdu\] . @LkR Bdm
YWRu Bmum Rjj Rum. @LkR @k
Ik Ru] Ds[ Ds[T @RX Dt\ X.]
DXUn ; TnjRt\m ; DXLY Ut\u ( )
DXLm; @u\u() DWj() Fu - DXhj
Ru] Jok() IuWi R]t Su @t\
@kXFp XodmIl Tm .

[Ts: DXLm DiUV]R; BpX, TnV]


UVjRt\m, DXLm DQoUVm; BpX DXLm BuTUVm #
BqY\pXm YlTp V TVu ? vX DXL
DiUV] SdYR h @Lu, Rus Ark _
NTjR @k, IU#BU XLum LZu,
54 c WUQ ULu TuULs

Ru
Fu\ YVZk @LkR IkR BVp XV
@]Yodm TjRU].]
DYm R]u DX TWm @t\ (m )
DYm Ru Fu\ Yt # YjRd
LiRp VY]Yu LiQXt LhiP
LiQR ]kRXd Li .

[Ts : DPp DYU Su Fu\ Y]L


Du]d dd LLp , DXm LPm
@uVULm , DYeL[ VYVLm
Rt\Udu\]. FpXVt [em AuUYV
DYm @t\Yu FumT Y DYeL[d LiT
Vo? FYt\ FqY Li\u? Du AuU vYTU
Du]d LQf Nn\; SUT LX RNeL[d LiP
FpXVt\ BlWTgNUL Duu LhVdu\ !
A]p , @kR AuUd Li fdd Ll YWmLs
PV.]
mUjRd LQY @VY V. LiTYo ,
LQlT Ts LRp , @pX @TYo # @T
Ts # @Rp Fu\ u XLdm @
@lTtThP . UnmU ( mU NjVm ) NYRUL
@YLY BkYY. @gO]jp ArklTm ,
DXLm _m F] SmlTm SU U]VTLU]
UVV @u Y\pX. t\, @gO]m BWiU
UnV]Y @pX . BqWiPm LPkm , G]V
X # FoX FuTR] CNLdLpXm @lTt
Thm , Ds[ Ds[T Bk YYR TiU ,
TW. @ IUVU]R B[okRR @pX; Bq
RuULdm @lTtThP. A]m, X NUVeLp
mUjR NjVl WLNm Fum, @gO]jR @Ru
BiP Zp Fum TfYdp l\m.1
1
D.D., p. 216. RYW_ R-Vo PV.
@lTPj RjYm 55

RkLsYp DiUV] ShPm Ds[YoLd


TLYu Nt [dLULY Yo . @q[dLeLm
AuU Iu\ Fu\ ARWd LhThtL AoYXW
Bhf Npm.
Rm^u Fum AeXV B[Oo BkVp
Rek Bk NUV jRkRjR Eul Tj
AWnk YkRo . \kR @YV] @Yo 1939 Uof
18#Am RVu TLYu WUQW RjRT uYU
]dLs Fl]o .
L : TLYj Rp mUju ARWm Su Fu
JPjm , @]Ys[jm S] Bd\u
Fum \lThs[ . TW # RjYju YqY
TYeL[d YR @ Fu @Ud\u .
UjRjp , Rp , @R X , @kRoV X ,
_LRLW ( DXLVR ) X Fu u XLs
\lThs[RLj Ru\ . BYts GRY
Iu\l k LiPX TU @pX Rj RV
@mu RuUL[m DQW YiU ? @ R
X-k _LRLW Xd YeLp , Rt\m
@]jm UVV Fu _LRLW XV
YRkRm \dLj\. A]p, Fu]p @R
IlT VpX. G]p, I UWm FuT @Ru
Yo , @UWm , [Ls , BXLs R-V Vm
NokRR. BYts BXL[ BpXRRL (UVVL)
FlTl \dLdL m? im, Tu SLLs
Vm Tu] TX , DXLm @]jm mU
vYTm Fum YRkRm \.
BqYTLdPV VRojRjR FqY
fNlT ?
TL.: R m lWyUQ WxP(@)am
(mUju @lTP S] ) Fum YdVjs[
@am FuTRu T[l kLiPX Tm .
FpXU km .
56 c WUQ ULu TuULs
L: @ @kRoV (TPl Ym TW Xs[
XT\] RuU ) U]TYUu\ ?
TL.: Sm I Yu Fum, SUd YV DXLUu
BlTRLm, @Rtm FRtm @lTp LPs Bd\o
Fum L\m. BkR TRTYm IVYim. SUdm
DXtm Y\Ld LPs FeLV BpX.
FpX DoLu D[jXm AjUvYTm
S]. TPlLs @]ju @ S YpXm S]1
Fu Rp \lThs[. LPs FpXo Ds[jm
Bd\o ; FpXu ARWm , Xm , BlPm ,
m @YW. @YPU @]ju DtTj vXVeLs
Vm. AR-u, LPs FeLV RV BpX.
L : BlTPl @]jRm F]Ro @mNjRXV
Vjd\u Fum R YdVju Ts
Fu] ?
TL .: LPPk GR I @mNm Th
DXLYYt Fu @Rtl Ts Ls[dP .
@YW Nd N`j]p DXLj Rt\m DiPt
Fu\ Ts Ls[ Yim. @qY\, ` dRjp
TRvV vY R , @RY TRju (Lp
TLju) TPlT]jm DiPt, Fum YN]m
LP[ Su TLULl lTRL @ojRm Ls[dP.
TWmT[d TP V FuTp F]d
NkRLm BpX Fu AUjRo Rm^u.
T L .: ALY , @]jm TT GUt\
TWmT[Vm . @l TWlmUm jV @TWbo ,
@RY, Fu\um R] R]L BXTYo . Am ,
@YW BlT @V pXV Fu\m. FR]p
@qY \U @jRPV @Ltd Ls[

1
TLYj R: @j. 10, X. 20.
@lTPj RjYm 57

Yim. @j RP]XV SmU Sm RlThPRo


Y#VdVLd L\m. AR-u, NR] @]jm
R] DiUV DQW @gO]jR AuU NWQVp
@Ltd LsYp @PdLm.1
LlTV vY U\OVWj Roj, TYL
Ut\ vRYoLs @LkR FuT RjR, XT\]
DiU Fu\ LjlTdXV DVs[]o. BkR
UVd j WUu LjR-dLl TVo IYPu
cTLYu DWV]o. TVu U]R DsLULj
N l AuU NWQp P LQf NnV
TLYu VtdL , TVW RjY @lTPp
[dLm L YtjR , BkR BTp YRm o
LQUp tl Tt\.

LPdL]-p Ds[ ^dWh aoh Lpp RjYl


TWVWL BkYkR Ro PdPo F- LVo Fu\
TVo, 1939 _]Y RpR AWUjt Yk cWUQ
ULPu DWVVT FlV LsLs
uYU :
L.: ReLs DTRNju NWmNjRd \ Yi\u.
TL .: Su Vo? RX] X pLp eLs
YiYRd LQXm.
L.: @Yt\ Su \ Td\u . BlT ReLs
DTRNju UVd LjRj ReLPm SW LhPV
m\u .
TL.: UVm @pX S, @Y DTRNju NWm!
L.: B l T f Nu]p FlT? F]d Ium
VpXV ?
TL.: @RY DeLs SSVLm Fu] FuTR eLs
LidL Yim.

1
T., 649. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 293-4.
58 c WUQ ULu TuULs
L .: Su LPPk YlThs[TVp LPs
Fum YR]?
TL.: Bd LsVd LhT Vo? SURu; LPs
@pX. AR-u, Sm VWuTR R-p kLi ,
@Ruu LPs Smm Y\, @pXY Fu TodLXm.
L .: A]p , LPs \Xl TWQo ; S] TX
\L[ V Yu. Su FlT @YW Rn
@V m?
TL .: LPs @lTf NpXpXV ! eLsRu
BqY LsV FloLs . Ls LhT Vo
FuTRj Rk LsmT , LPs FuTYo Vo
Fum RVYm .
L .: Ru]j R] @kQok AjU#NhNjLWt\Yo
Fu ReL[l Tt \oLs . LPs ReL[d
Lhm Y\d\W FuTR DeL[p
\VR ?
TL.: @ @TY `Vm. \W @TYjRp SUd
V TVu? SU @Tj DQW Yim.
L .: J ! @lTV ? LPs FpXVt\ TWQo . S]
YWV\Ld DhThP u]g Yu . Su
FlTd LPPu Iu\L m?
TL.: FpXVt\ TWQm TT\; TTLd
DhThPRu\p @ @LiP TWQUL. YWV\ s[
Yu , YWV\L[t\ TWQj-k RjR Iu
FumT TWQm TrT\. ALY DeLs t
udlu WiTP].
L.: @lTpX . LPs , @YW TPlLs BWiU
Ds[] FuT RR]?
TL.: @ BdLhm. DeLs BlT eLs FqY
@oLs ?
Tp : Su I Yu. @Ru BVdLeL[p @Ru BlT
@\u .
@lTPj RjYm 59

TL .: Ark emT @Ru Bl DQWl


T\R ?
Tp: emT Yu BVdLeLs @Pedu\].
T L .: A]m , dLjm eLs BdLjRu
NnoLs , BlTm BdoLs . BY BWis
DeL[ DiU X F?
Tp : d L m lm BXL[. @Ytt
@lTPVL BlTYu Su.
( BjPu , Ls LhYkR PdPo F- LVo
LLWjRl Toj Wd SWUhPRu , Su
, PTtd LiPo. NmT`Q @jPu tl
Tt\ ) . 1

uYm YojRVPp RjYOL[m NUVNW


YpSoL[m kdLYdm Fm U] TpY
Wf]L[l TtV # @RY , NLXm @m
AiPYu TWm URu V#BfNm , BVtL
VLm RnL LrLm , BxP RnY Tm ,
@Yd LPm Tu\ jRkR NUfNWeLs TtVY.
BYVU BWiPkRW dVjYm LiPYV
Fu\ Rp TLYu WUQu PLs @UkR].
T.: F] V#BfNdm @R] g tm B\Uu
YpXUdm BPX] RPo Fu]Y? @RY,
( 1 ) LPu NoY YpXUdm , @LkRu V #
BfNoYU] ]Vt\pLdm BPp BQ
Ds[R ? (2 ) NoYgO]m B\Yu \Vdm
UR @LkRdm TjRm DiP ? (3 ) BVtL
VLs LPu lTjt IjRYV?
TL.: AUm. V#BfN Fu RtNUVm U]p DlT
Jo YWV\d DhThP D[fNo @pX Lh Utm
@LkRu lTU Am. BkR @LkRQoY R]

1
T., 602. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 255-6.
60 c WUQ ULu TuULs
LPkRLX SPYdLLs Jo V @pX \L[
VhV R[jp UtLs[lThPY FuTRL
@PV[m Li\ . Um , B\Yu NoY
YpXUdm , NoYgOjYjtm (@]jm @m
Nddm ) EPm @Yt\ IhU R] V#BfN
RtdLlT\ Fu\ TdXV @LkR
DQo\ . ALY , LiQp LiTm @Yt\d
LiTYU Un FuTRLY @LkR NokR URu
Yd\u . BVtL VLs LPu
YlTL[Vm . @Y LP[p oQdLlThPY
F]d Ls[Xm .1
RjY V] YReLp CTP Uj, NR] \V
UtLsYRV Ytj YkRUdl uYm
DWVPp Jo FjdLh.
T.: LPs RV RuUV V `]
(VdV )?
TL.: Am. @Yo FlTm DjRU `u FuTR]
RuUp XTt\Yo. Su F] Duu tTYo. eLs
DXLVR `VeLdl WR]m LlTRp LPs
FeLV u RehPRLd LioLs . eLs
@]jRm hh @YWV R S]p, @YW
Dup R]L (AuUYL) tTo.
T.: j (d) @PY Fm Y] X, @jYR
jRkRlT YjU TWUjUPu HdVU
RX Fum, xPjYRju (I
N`jR V @jYR jRkRl ) T Bd
LYpVTYjm RdTY iPum
(BqY\] HdV XmP Yu Ru] Jo
@mNU , TWUjUu Jo @YVYm UhU , Fu

1
T., 28.
@lTPj RjYm 61

Y T Y j p @ k L s Y R L m ), Y R
jRkRlT HdV TYU BpX (_Lj, Yu, TWm
AV uU @]V]YLs, ALY dm
TWUjU Y YjU Y ) Fum YqY
RULd \lT\. BYtp FR SW] LsL
F]d LRXm ?
TL.: GR tLXjp Fu] SU, HdV TYm
FqY BdU Fu\pXm BlT klT]u?
Su Bd\u FuT FpXodm IlTm . FkR
NmWRVjRf NokRYWL Blm , DiUV]
AoYPVo R-p BkR Su FuTR Fu]Yu
LQhm . \ , BkR Su TWU] IuThPY]
BpXV FuTR VdLXm . Y BlTR
@UlT]u? oUX U]jR NeLs.
T.: Blm , @qY @lVlTRtdP , kR
( d ) X FqY\] Fu\ @ YLh
DRYR ?
TL.: d Xu RuUVlTt BlTR Nnm
oU]jt VR UlpX, TVm BpX.
T.: Gu BpX?
TL.: G]u\p, DU LsLV N. DU oU]m
Du UV ( jVl ) TjR . @kR Ud I
AuUPk Y\. AuU IVp [em @tT
U, @kR AuUu RuU Bu]Ru oUdLl Y
WaeLWm (RLR ) @pXY ? j AuUYf
Nu\PVUp AuU#@ Xu RuUV DQW
V. ALY, Y] @V Bu]Ru jVp
FlTj oUdL m ? B V UiPXjXV
VPV YfNjR I UYoj Ldm
IV @[YVLd Li @[dL VpY Tp Am.
Vd Y RXXV UYoj D
DYtm. Uu Lm @qY\. p Yjd
62 c WUQ ULu TuULs
LilTRd Lhm jVTWbU] (Fu\um
Dus [em ) AuUY BeLV BlTR
@NkR]m NnV (AWnkQW) Vt UtLs[m.1
Bk URjp TtTX RnYeLs BlTRlTt XNUVm
LsLs FYi. vRYoLs @pX vmL[l
TXY BkdLm IY]V] CN]V YTu
\]o FuTRm \jRu Yim. LP[lTt LhLl
ThP UtLiP LsLs TmTm BkdL[p
uYdLlThPYV . Am , BkdLs YqY
TeLp LhVdm LP[ @kRkR DYLjXV
YThm Y\oLs . Blm SU # TeL[
LiQhPeL[ IudLu FPV]Y @pX
FuTm @YoLs @kRR.
T.: YR NjWeLp TX RnYeLs, RYRL[l Ttd
lT FqY Tkm?
TL .: Yu IY]L Bkm , WQu , U]m ,
BkVeLs F] FjR] Nd N`eLs @YPm
Bdu\]! @qY\Ru Iu\m TWmTu TtTX Nd
N`eL[l TX RYRL[L YRNjWeLs u\].2
TpY RnYeLm , YXp @YoLs EPm
BPeLm DiUV]YV , Fu Xo LhToLs .
A]p , T[L DXLm , Ls LhTYu DPm
UnV]Y Fu\ U]X-kR BjRLV Ls
\d\ # BkR U]lTd TLYu WUQd
GtPVRu . ALY , G]V LsL[l TXY
BkRd LsVm , R-p UnmU F Fu
NdLXU? Fu\ Tdp lYo !
L .: Y u , x R X ] o j L m , @ Y o L [
BlPUm LXNm, YiPm R-V DXLeLm
YvRYU ?
1
M.G., pp.57-59. UL YnU, Td. 60-61.
2
T., 371. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 101.
@lTPj RjYm 63

TL.: Sm BkR DXLm FqY[ YvRYU @qY[


YvRYUL @YoLm Bd\oLs ; @qXLeLm
Ds[].
L.: S u N p X Y Y F u ] Y u \ p , V Y L W
DiUp SlT TXY @YoLm
Bd\oL[ ?
TL .: SUpXm BdmT @YoLs UjWm
BpX Fu FlTf NpY!
T.: @YoLs Bd\oLs Fu\p, FeL FlT
Bd\oLs ?
TL .: Sms[Ru!
T.: @lTVp FpXm SU TY]V Fu ReLs
NpYRLj Ru\ !
TL.: FpXU @lTVRu .
T.: FpXm YU] F] Rt\ UjWU]Y FuT
I\dL , Fu TY]V FoTWUp RU
BlTYm Bdu\]Y ; @qY CfYWVo
Bdu\]W ?
TL.: Aa! T`L!
T.: W[V LXjp @kR ojLm U\k TYoL[?
TL .: Sm _ vYTjR Su DQokRp SU
W[Vjm @VRYo AYm Fp , CfYWVWl
Ttf NpXm YiU ?
T.: RYoLs, @WoLs, NLs Tu\ TPlm
YvRYU ?
TL .: Aa . BpXUXu] , SdmT !
T.: jR NRuVUm mUjR FlT Sm DQoY?
TL.: Ds[RLY, Ds[TV, LYX ^uUjWUL.1
@XLTj TpLXd LZLjp TWL , D Ul
TWVWL BkR PdPo LU aKv NVj Fm

1
T., 30. YN]mRm-1, Td. 41-42.
64 c WUQ ULu TuULs
vm LpV[o, TLYu WUQo @QNXUX Yp
LP[j j BVtV @QNX TgNWj]l
TPpL[l Tt ]VY YWvVU]Y.
PdPo NVj : @ Q N X v T g N L j R l T j d
Lid\u . @jYVm ReLs FlT Jo
LPs lTPX BVt\dm Fu AfNVl
T\u !
TL .: TdRm TLYm vRjWm Vm IW
vYTUVm .
NVj : A]p , @kRj Lp @QNXUXVV
LP[Ll Ttl Tk WojjdoLs !
TL .: AuUY eLs DPX NmTkRlTjd
Ls[Xm Fu\p, TdRu @qYuUY @QNXjPu
NmTkRlTjRXLR Fu]?
NVj : @ Q N X U X V TWUjU vYTULd
LsYRu , Y FjR]V UXLs BdL ,
NoYVVm CN] BkR UXV Uhm I Rf
\lPu NmTkRlTjYR] ?
T L .: @XLTj-k DeL[ BqPjt
ALojR F ? BeL lTo VYWm
BqPjt CojR F?
NVj: TLY] (@RY ReL[).
T L .: Fu] BqPjt ALojR F ?
@QNXU @pXY? @kR NdV Vm UdLV.
Dsm Ym Fem \ks[ AuU vYTU
@QNXm .
L: Bk R pLp AuU, TWUjU, TWm RX]
TX NtLs WVdLlTu\]. @Ytu
RWRmVm Fu] ?
TL .: @fNtL[l TVuTjYod @Ytu
Ts Iu\ . A]m , YqY SToLs @YWYo
U]lTdYjtj RdLY YqY @ojRm Ls\oLs.
@lTPj RjYm 65

L.: IW `VjRd dLl TtTX NtL[l TVu


TjY]u ?
TL .: @ NkRolTjRl TjR . @Y VU
AuUYV lu\] . TWm Fu\p FRm
NokWR , NoLd @lTtThP , @RY
TWQU] .1
TLYu @dL TfYdp Ddm X lL[
UXkRYVLd Lhm UoNLoLs @YW I
SvLu Fu\ NmNVY Fu\ oUdLd m .
TX UmTdL] AnY[oLm jRW]m
@qYR] Uojs[]o ? @R TuRu !
DRWQUL @Yo uYU Yi:
LP[l Ttd LYXlTY]u ? LPs
Bd\W BpXV Fu SUd Ium RV; A]p
Sm Bd\m FuT Su RkRR. ALY R-p
Du]lTt dLY]jRm NjL . Vo ?
FuTRd Li .
LPs DiP FuTRd LiPYRtpX Fu\
NmNVYm @pX @Yo. jRW]l TXY TLYu
WUQm WQ O]RV YXLY TLokRo. Ls
LhTYu Xp RmU Bjd Li , LhTYo
FR Sm\W @R j, R-p @kR STd
fNVm RkR Iu\l Tt @LL kR]p CTU
Td\o . LPs Bd\W FuT jR ,
dTRp FuT LP[ BWiP\ HdVURX
FuTRlTtVpXm kRVd Zld Ls[Up
oUXUnj Rus D\m AuUY @V Vt
UtLsYR TU], @kR NR] LmT
@YWYod FpXU R] [em Fu\ TXV
X RQeLp UdLdd YkRo . BY

1
T., 273. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 31-32.
66 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TtVpXm RjYm TYp TVpX FuTR @YW
o .

] FlV IYu NkRLjRj odL, TdRWYo


UXV[jp UTVoj TLYu @s[ Ds[
StT TPpLp XYt\l Tjd Lh]o. @Rd
LhP\, YkRYo Um ]]o:
L: NR]p YRm , (@Ru ojVV ) NjVjp
@jYRm Fu GR BlTP-p1 NpXl Thd\R,
@Ru `Vm Fu]?
TL .: ReLXjm , @PkRRLf NpXlTm
LXjm BlT GLjUY ARXp , NR]Vj
RPemT YRTYm Fum , @
kRPjp @jYRm Fum Xo Y
TjRUpX FuTR @lTP-u Lj.
Yu LP[ Vj YTh, p @YPm
Xd\u Fu Xm , LPm Ym Fum Y
Y\Ru Fu Xm NpYo . p FlTV ,
@RlTt BlTR LYXlTYRu ? Sm BlT
fNVm. @RlTt Vdm NkRLm BpX. Su Vo
FuTR R-p LYlTm. @Ru\, LP[ Sm
Iu\d\U , @mNUL Bd\U @pX
YqY\LY Bd\U FuTRl Tojd
Ls[Xm . @lT @ R] Rm . @Rtu
@kXVl Tt Sm fNlTRpXm j]m
d]U. j @kRWjUPk GLRNl WLNm
TY. @ft\Yd Li @LiP TRjR FlT
@V m ?2

1
Ds[ StT, TPp. 37.
2
T., 63. YN]mRm-1, Td. 80-81.
@lTPj RjYm 67

^v o] _uev Fu\ @UdLl TiUd


[dLeLs VT ( 1937 _]Y 23#m RVu )
TLYu Nu]o:
Rt\eLs @]jRm L[k , UtLi
L[YRt IuUpXUp R]#R]n Fg t\X
NWQu Ym . L[VlThP Rt\eLdj
Ru]Vu R Bl GpX FumT
@jRt\eLm RuUVU. fNX X u TWmTs
S] Fu DQo (Be still and know that I am God) Fu\
Ts YdVU NXf \kR DTRNm.
u]o Um ]o:
S]d\u (I am that I am), @U
S]
UVUn u S] TWmTs Fu DQo, (Be still and
know that I am God) Fum Tu BYdVeLs
YRkRm Ym @Pem.1
L: V]m NnmT FRlTt ]dL Yim?
TL.: V]m Fu\p Fu]? ]l GUt BjRX
V]m F]lTY. Iu\uu Iu\L DiPYm
FiQeL[ DU U]jRd LXdu\]. IW I ]lT
Uhm PlVn FiQjp Bj , @qY\
IW kR]Pu V]jp CThPp Ut\ ]ldLs
@Lum . BqY RPok @lVjYkRp ,
V]jp Xj Rn ArYRtL] U]Y-U
TtPXm. NRLu AuL Y[ofdj RdLY V]
\Lm UTm. @LL V]jt @LRs[ I
STo V]jR SWVL AuU NWQp NjRXm.
]lTYu BqY Ru XjR S]p Y ]ldLs
FZ. ]lT @t\ _ BlTlTt BqY @LLULf

1
T., 338. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 87.
68 c WUQ ULu TuULs
kdL VpX Fu\T, @jRLVu LP[d
jj V]m UtLs[Xm . BqY VlTYo
S[YhPjp @kRWeL j Tt, Wp RU _
vYTjRl TtV FiQ #NWjp U]jR CTj ,
TWQUm AuU RN]jp Am XV FnYo.1
LPs YTh \V UtLsTYoLs LPPm
RmUl WQUL NUoljd Ls[ Yim F]
Y-jYo .
T .: LPs VdRm Fum @qVdRm Fum
(WjVbU]Yo Fum @R NUVm U\Ts
Fum ) YdLlTh , VdRm Fum \p
DXLj Rm @mNUL Yjd Lis[o Fu
NpXlT\RpXY? B DiUVu, DXu Jo
@mNUV Sm @YW WjVb vYTjp @YW
@kdL YiU !
TL .: LPs , DXLm BYtu BVtLVlTtj
oUdm Du]V @kLs.
T.: Fu] Su @Y Fu\p LP[ @YRU?
TL.: Aa, LP[ Dus Ds[o.
T.: @lTVp, V]V LP[ Su @YRt F
RPVL Bd\?
TL.: Du XpX U]m, YVt\ YU!
T.: Su L @tT Yu . Am Fus[ Bdm
TWUu @TW Nd , Fus[ Bdm RPL[
VpXm Gu dLd P?
TL.: Am. @Rt ANlThPp, @lTV NnYo
@Yo .
T.: @YW DiPdLdPR @kR ANV?
TL.: @lTV]p @YWf NWQP .

1
T., 453.
@lTPj RjYm 69

T.: Su NWQL @PkRp CYW]l WojlT


RYpXUt TnU ?
TL.: NWQLV ULjR] WojR].
T.: A]p NWi u @YW RuU Bu]Ru
@VYiPU ?
TL.: mYR FpXm CNu D]dLLf NnYo
Fu Sm]p , Du] @YPm NmWQUL Ild
Lj . BpXhPp @YW mU h !
Du] @kLs.1
DiUV] NWQL Xp, \P ANTeLU
(GUt\eL[ ) BlTRtpX .

L : SeLs DXp DZu Lid\m . FlTV


GRY U]d\ , dLm YkLiP Bd\ .
@Yt\d LPlT FlT Fu RVpX. CN]l
Wojd\m. @lTm U]m NUR]m
@PYpX. Fu] NnY?
TL.: CN] L, FlTm @Yo LlTo Fu\ P
SmdL Yim .
L : @lTjR] @YW AWd\m . Fm Y
\lTpXV ?
TL .: @lTV ? AiPY] NWQPkRUp ,
SPlTRpXm @Yo [U Fu @UVL
BdLYim . FR]m @l\d P .
SUdLu] Rm? LxPm TXj Ru]m, p
SuU DiPLXm . LxPeL[ LPPm SmUj
lu\] .
L : U] UdLs, Dt\o D\]o SY YrdL SPjm
TUWoL[ SeLs. FpXYt\m U\k, @]jU
CNu [lT SPd\ Fu FlT mU BlT?

1
M.G., Td. 55, 56. UL YnU, Td. 56-57.
70 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL.: @lTV]p, eLs u Nu]Tp CN]
AWdLpX Fu\\. CN] L. @Yu hP Y
Fu\ PSmdLV BlTR IW Y.1
Td UodLjRl uTt , NLXjRm TLYPU
hPYim .
TWk ReL\ T-o ReLX
LWj Red LWLi # UTWeLs
YiN YuUV YiY VRX
LiS- LiPRYo L .
Ds[ StT#@TkRm, TPp 17.

(Ts: u TWjRj ReY B\Y] A]p


T-V] Do (@LkR) @kR TWjRj R] ReYRL
Fi U]fUVp @YY , Lp LWju
@YWjp (St\m ) LWjRj ReYTu
YYUdLlThs[ UiTmULs , RU DiUp
LWjRj Re tTRL FiYRt IlTm. Yip
Npm WV, Ru hP fL[j Ru RX
UkLi @YlThPp RY VPV!)
AuU O]m Wp hP Yim Fu @YNjl
TU BZlTm P. @qY RjR Jo STd
UL BqY Pj]o:
TL .: CNPm SmU tm Ilj, RPok
CvYW vUWQPu BZkdL Yim. CNu FqY
Ru] SUd DQojYW @qY\ LrdLlTm .
BqY @qY\u @YWd LhL SUdLo DU
BpX . T WU]jm @YPV . eLs LYXl
TYRt IuU BpX . BY NmoQ NWQLj
RjYm . 2

1
T., 43. YN]mRm-1, Td. 58.
2
T., 450. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 146.
@lTPj RjYm 71

WojR]P LPs WQ SmdLuUu


u]l. UL WUQo TYL GRm Iu\d
j B\Vs YiRX XdLpX.
BYoLPV WojR] Du [m \YL!
Fu \. B\Yu [lTV Vm SPlT]
Fp , lh BlT # @lT Fu WojlTRu ?
FjR]V L mUiPeLs[ IqYo
@Ym BVd SPjYu @Y] Fu DQok,
@Yu AQd @Pe @UVn BdL YiU
RW , SU RYL[V \o RYL[V Sm
@Yd Fjd Y]u? @]Yu @kRoVVm
TWUvYWu @]Yu @]jRm @Yu.1
Y NkRolTeLX @Yo WojR]u ULjYjR
D NnRo. Ut\ `VeLp TXY ] Flm
lhP STu AuL UmTht YYL
DRYdV LjRV uYjRo.
T.: FeL[ WojR]Ls T-dU?
TL .: T`L ! @Y \Y\jRu Nnm . FkR
I FiQm i TYpX . IqY W
]lm GRY I NUVm TXu @dm. FiQ Nd
ITm QL .
UtLiP Tp, UR Dp ]Y] B\Yu RU
TdRu WojR]df NUj @u]u
U]WRjR \YtYo Fu\ SmdLVd
Lhm L Y] Jo jRkRjR _PVLd
l\. FiQ @XLu At\p @Ytu X
lTjtLlT SuUV @pX UV
[dLdm , FiTYu U]Xm RdLm
DiPdm FuTRV ULu P hd

1
T., 594. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 247.
72 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Lh\ . BR]f NYWl k LsLp ,
NVtTLp UhUu , FiQeLm Ld LY]m
NjRYiVRu @YVm X]m. I UeLVd
LUd LiL[ SdYm TTU ; @lTTm , @m
UeLV P IdLm LsYRt LW] Fu
G v lhs[o @u\ ? ULu BkRl
Tl] LP[ UR Yp AWjl Wojdm
Ljl TYjum tm YThP FuTR]
uYm YNLjp LiPVXm:
V lTU, oU]U, WVjR]U Bu Vu
DRVU\. Vd WQeLs ThP UjWjp LkRdLp
@dVd Ld\, RUW UXo\, oYt\. DXL
UdLs RjRm LPULs, LVeLp CTh, BVe p
@Peu\]o . LkRju u E @NkR\ .
BTu, CNu NkR] N`UjWjRp (YU]
@Yo uXp ) SPdm jRp 1 @pX TgN
jVeLh DhThP YoLs RjRm LoUNWeL[f
Nxj @Peu\]o. B BqY\Vu, CNu NeLpT
NRo @pXo (@YW oUj FRm Ahl TPlTYo
@pXo). I LUm @YW IhP # @, XL LUeLs
V] IhPRm, Ut\ No ReLu2 Q QeLs
Fem VTLU] ALVjR IhPRm TX.3

1
TPjRp, LjRp, @jRp.
2
Xm, o, Lt, Sl AV Su BVtL NdLs, HkRm R
BlT] @LiP ALVjR @iPUhP Tu .
3
W., p. 17. cWUQ tWh (A\m Tl), Td. 193.
@lTPj RjYm 73

UReLs

Nu\ Tp VYt-k Iu RYm #


@RY , TLYu TR] FkR I URjtm
WRU] @pX FuT. Y AuUY] TWUjUYm
TWmTum NWmNjp YThPR , @pX
WkRWUnj RjR Bls[R FuT jj RjY
@OoLm NUVYLm YdL m]p
@YoLPV YRlWYReLp @Yo TeLtL Uj
Yo. U\L, AuL Vtu @YVjRl Ttl
TfNj N lYo . DRWQUL , WUu
LjR-dLl TVo IYPu DWVPp (TdLm 57#59)
Utm @jYR # YR jRkR YTLs TtV
]dLd TLYu @jR [dLm ( TdLm 60#61 )
AVYtp LQXm.

hTULf NpXlT]p, TLYu WUQo Bk RoUjRf


NokRYW @pX Bk NUVf NPeLd DhThPYW
@pX. AuUp RPok Iu IjR XT Tt
Y[V Ym IYo FpX NUV RoUeLdm
@lTtThPYo FuTR Bk URm @eLd\. TpY
UodLeLs Bp Ium UUXf LWUu\ @Yo!
TLY]l uTtYp BkdLs @pXRo GW[m .
vYoLs, vmLs , To Utm TX Yl]m
Ds[]o . @YoLp FYWm URm UmT @Yo
ITm VN] VpX.

I URm BR NVp [L[ Ds[PdV. Iu,


SpYrd YLhm P XdL F]Xm .
Ut\u Nejd L Tu\ DVoX. R STdm
NLjtm @kR URm IeL YjRdm SmdLLs,
SpXdLm NokR SL[l uTtYRtL] Lhd
LlL[ YWV\ Nnu\ BQdLLs F]Xm.
@R URm NejR] Sdp @m URj]s RmU
AuUojRUL UmTjd Ls[ ZYod AuL
UodLeL[m @Ytu Y] TiUV ,
74 c WUQ ULu TuULs
UnVY FhYRtL] NR] \L[m
YjRd\. BqRjp, @u\P YrdLV IhV
NmWRVeLm NPeLm IqY URm
RlThPY Fu\ Tm, DiUp WiThPY
@u. TLYu WUQo Nejl TRp LX] d
SoUodLjR @]Yodm DQojYp @Lm LY]m
Nj]o . ALYRu @u]oRm TR]Ls FkR
URjRm WiT Ls[pX . So DfN
W_ThPVm AuU NWQp RmUl
uTtYod @Yo Rs[j RV YLh]o. BRt
FkR I URm @jR[UL DRYdm . ALY ,
cWUQd FmURm NmURU . UR SmdL @\Y
@t\YoLs @YW @]m P , URlTtu
@YVjR @Yo YtjVpX . UReLu
YqY\] @xP]eL[l Tt ]]p @Yo
@Ytu Ds[rkR @ojRjR Y-jYo; YqY
UReL[l Ttd Ls Fl]p , @YW @Y
VYtu @lTP ItUV FjWlTo.
L: VLm FuT Fu]?1
T L : VLm ( ) FYdj Ru\R
@YdL VLm (Iu\nl TkRp ) RYlT\ .
Sm _ NTjR DQokRU]p , YpXR
DiUVu\ Xem ; YtU Gm Ru\ .
L.: LeL vS]m NnYRp N`m GRY DiP?
TL .: SUds[ BPV\ Td Lidm
O] LeLp WPYim. @p o, SdLm R-V
DTjWYm IupX .
L.: TLYj RV @qYlT TdL YiU?
TL.: BPP FlTm TdLXm .
L.: T[m TdLXU?

1
PdPo au aih Fu\ FT YV]W] @UdLo, 1936
lWY 24 @u TLY] RjRT FlV LsLs BY.
@lTPj RjYm 75

TL.: R, Ts BWim JoRjp Iu\Vm.


L.: T T j X V U R u \d\u Fu Ts
@jY NV?
T L .: Su URu FuTRV TTm F]d
Ls[Xm. ArkR dLjp Su URu Fm DQof
BpX ; TT# iV ]m BpX. jRmT
[jRm DPQoP]V TT DQofm
DiP\. Ru] U\dm FiQ FfV TTm
L.: Ru AuUY R] BZlT Fu\ YNLm Tp
Ds[ @Ru Lj Fu]YL Bdm?
TL .: BZdLlTY Su Fu Fm @LkRV .
DiUV] Su , S] S]L Bd\u Fu
FlTm Io\ .1
vRY NUV mUVV u dLd2 UL
uYU [dLm LtjRo:
TWUR F]d LP[j RkRVL TlT CfYWu
@pX CNu FuTRt IjR. ULu FuTR] d
LWLf NpXXm. V NRuVm (TjR A) FuTR]
AuUd BQUt\Ld Ls[Xm. BRV CfYW
WjU oj TR TS, qVUYj qVlR
RaV RQojRV SU : Fum XLjp
Li\m (CfYWu, , AjU Fu u RULj
RuYm, DiUp Y]Y F] YWVt\UV
RhQoj NTjt SUvLWm).
@Ru DhTs BRu : TdRdd LPs
Dp Ru ( LPu UL]Lj Ru ) , Fem
El TWs[ V NRuVUm TjR AV
DQod\o . BRV YRULf NpYRu\p ,

1
T., 164. YN]mRm-1, Td. 163-4.
2
Father, Son and Holy Spirit. (RkR, R]Vu, TjR A)
76 c WUQ ULu TuULs
LPs FuTYo V NRuVm; BkR V DQo FeLem
Vjs[. AuU Fm BjVl WdOV Sms
Iu DQok UngO]m PdLl T\ Yim .
BY LP[d LiPYRm.1
BkUR NjWeLm BRW NUV pLm lPlTm
YodLm, YXLm, TWUiPXm Tu\ \ YYUl
NokR LjdLp ShPm LsYR @Yo LiP]m
NnRo . G]p , YYm LiTRtm Rt\eLs
FYRtm, LiTYo, Lh, LQlTm Ts um
Bk YWYim . A]p @kR @gO]
BPXX jV UnmUVm AuU RN]m
LQlT\UhP .
T.: V ULs R^ Fm vY RVl Tt
WjR TWR NgLu Uof (1937) UR BRp I
l YVs[. @Ys Lu Uu DYf
X Iu\ YTh YkRRLm, Wu INUVm
@l mTm Do Tt\ Tp NXjl WNu]ULY,
@Ys TW]kRt\RLm I YWX
lPlThs[. @R] NdTRm F]lTY?
T L .: T Y] # TXU @kR Lrfdd LWQm .
@jRLV GLdW V]jp ArYod DsL ShPm
FRm. FYWYo TY] FlTV, @YWYod @lTV
Lh DiP\ . DRWQUL , NV`RoN]jRd
\Xm. @RY, @LX Y-p R] ZX GR
I U]dl \lT IYo ]kRm Tojd
LiP YkRp , LXdWUjp @kZX DPu
VTp @Yo Lhm LsLd PVdUm!
@qY @lVNm Nn LikRYo IYo
[VhPn Fu]m Fu ZXl TodLf Nu]o.
Sm TojRu . TojRp , DPm RVpX , Zm

1
T., 90. YN]mRm-1, Td. 101.
@lTPj RjYm 77

RVpX! TolTYu FlTV @lTVRu @Yu


Lhm! BY Vm TY]l WTgNm (U] Ffu
VTLm ) . @qY\] @NRWQj Rt\eLs
@lTRd Urf Rm ; A]p XV] Nk
PdL . TY] FUtj RuXV IYo tL
Yim .
T.: @qY RuX tT FlT?
TL .: U]m FuT Fu]Yu Tojd LiP
BkRp U]ju JhPm um. @kR @UV Sm
VRojR X. @kXV Sm tLYim. @Y SU
BVpT] NL_ X.
T.: @R] oQl mU X?
TL.: oQl mUjt @uVUn Sm RlTh
Bd\U ? @uVUn Sm Blu mUm
oQUL . @uV TY] ( @YLm/@gO]m/
@jV) @Lu\p FdLsdm BPpX.1
T.: LP[ Ark VjRp ISs @Yo Sp
RuYo @pXY?
TL.: J! RuYW! Am, FkR DjRt\Um
Sm U]jXu Y\eL FZ m ? Um , Iu\
Sm Li\m FumT , LiTu , LQlTY
Fum YRm ( BTuU ) Yk\ . LPs
WNu]d LhLs FuTRpXm @YWj VlTYWl
TtV Lru\]. @Y @pX. @qY\m,
GLdW kRPu LP[d LiPRL DQTYWp
Fp AuU NWjRp, Ym @jYR DiUV
WdLd m . Y Xd SWV] AuU NW
UodLU FRLm BVpTLm [e\ .2
1
T., 393. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 116-17. (LP BWi Ls-TpLs
AeX Xjp BPm T\pX .)
2
T., 251. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 15.
78 c WUQ ULu TuULs
tX NUVeLp @YW PLs U\WLm
hPhTULm @UYi . @Ytm @R
VTLU] DiUV TkkR] . jd LhY
Tp Rum @qPLs , ] FlVYu
RiPYR NiPdldl TXVLl TLWlThPY.
L: TpY UReLs Ds[]. @Yts F DVoY]?
TLYu : UReLs @]jtm Ym XhVm
Iu\ .
L.: A]m, RX (h) TYRtLL IqYum
YqY UodLeL[ Tdu\]Y ?
TL .: o Gu RX\ Yim ? BkRTV
BdLXU !
L .: uT dLXV RX Fu\u. @R mYp
NLupXV !
TL.: UReLs Vm @RtLLY GtThPYR]!
L.: A]p FqY NpY?
TL.: YkR YV mlTm!
L.: Su Fek Ykd\u?
TL .: @Y @V YiV . dLjuT
BdLsLs DjR]Y ? jWm o Bko ;
BlT BlTm @R Ru.
L.: dLjuT Sm BkRu. Fu U]m BkR.
A]p BkVeLs IekRRp YLWm Ium
LZpX .
TL .: Yu V ? U]m V ? dLjuT , Su
Bd\u Fu U]m DuPm Yk Nu]R?
L .: BpXRu . A]p Yu Y , CNu Y Fu
TVoLs Np-d\oL[ ?
TL.: CN]l Tt SUdLu] Rm? Sm `VjR
Sm TolTm .
L.: Fu `Vm Fu]Ym? Su Vo?
@lTPj RjYm 79

TL.: @RRu! R-p Su Vo F]j RkLs.


@Rj Rk LiPp, @Rt UX Rk Ls[
YiV IuU BW, AuUYm R]d @VXn
Y\m BuUVp . @lTm Rk LsYRt
GRm Td BkRp @Ruu Ls Fl.
L.: L i j R m D X L d L i \ u . d L j p
BkRYm jd LiPYm S]R]?
T L .: A]p ed LikRT DXLm
U\kR! ALY, U]m FkRp DXLm Ru\; U]m
Ie]p DXLm U\\. AR-u DXLm U]UVU.
A]p, U]m @t\ ArkR dLjm Sm BPV\
Bdu\m . @qY FpX XLm Ntm U\
RPokdm DiUV] Ru]V Ru DQWYim.
L.: BRt Fu] _?
TL .: Ru]l TtV Rk Ls[ IYd
TQm RYV ? Dup Ark Ru]jR]
@mT Ut\Y VU Rs[] [em.
L .: @lTV]p , YLm , @jYLm Lj
YTL]p NfNWhd Ls\oL[?
TL .: @YWYo jRkRjR @YWYo WjRPu
uTt SPkRp (UngO]j RhPjp CThPp )
NiPdL NfNWdL BPU BW.1
AuUTR @TYm Npp YqY\Ld
\lTPXm . G]p , @YU] UnmUV
FjWdm olTkRjp @R] DYLlTjR
YiV @YVm F\ . Am @qYTYm
NWmNjp YTLs @t\ Iu\Vm.
T.: kR Xp @TYm VYodm IWRUL
BdU, @pX YqY RUL BdLdU?

1
T., 479. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 167-8.
80 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T L .: kRX I RuUV]R ; @Ru
@TYm @qY\Vm .
T.: A]p , @kXV TVo YqY RUL
[ds[]W ?
TL.: [dLeLs Vm U]UVU VRXp, @YWYo
U]lTdL @Nj @Y UTPdm.
T.: Su NpXYkR, TiPV odLRLmP
YqY RULd s[]W ? IW DiUu
[dLm FqY UTm?
TL.: DiU XQokRo @]Yu @TYm
I RuUVR Am . @Ru [dLeLs DiUV
@Td\ ( S\ ) AuLu TdY TRjR
@Nj UTPdm . 1
T.: YqY ANVoLs YqY NmWRVeL[
vRj , YqY DiUL[ DTRjs[]o .
B UdL[d ZlTjp Arj\. B G]?
TL .: @YoLs FpXm IW TiUVjRu
YqY LQjp DTRjs[]o. YqY\] U]l
TeLs LiP ]u RYV @Nj
FjWdL @kR jVNeLs RYlThP]. Blm,
@Y VU XV] IW DiUV
XlTjTYRm .
T.: @YoLs YqY UodLeL[ DTRjs[Rp FkR
UodLjRl uTtY ?
TL.: UodLeL[l Tt BqY TmT eLs
GR FeL BdoLs , AuU UnV Y\eL
Rjs[ ; ALY , @R] @PYRt eLs
GRY UodLjp NpXYim FuTRL
VdoLs ! DiU Fu]Yu\p, AuU UnmU
BeL, BlTR Bd\. eLs @YLY FlTm
1
T., 595. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 249.
@lTPj RjYm 81

BkYoLs . BkRdt FlTd\Ru\p ,


BeLV WUQfWUjp BkLi WUQfWUjtf
NpX FkR Y XdVm Fu Lh @XYRt
IlT] ! 1
TpY UReLs YjRjs[ AuL UodLeLu
@lTP @YVjR TLYu WUQo DNnR
Tm , G]V NUV Y\L[VpXm LPk ,
Iu\V] AuU @V SWVL SmTm
UdL[ WTj]o. V Nof Bu dWh BkV
Fu\ -u AVo Tp WiPu, YodLm Utm SWLm
TtV TpY UR jRkReL[d lh TLY]
]VT LrkR DWVP-p B [dLm T\.
Tp WiPu : RYoLs , YodLm , SWLm R-VYt\
VpXm URd WkReLs Y Gu?
TL .: BqXm \ TPlLm FlTj
Rt\U\R @lTV YodLm SWLm RX]Ym
Ym Rt\eL[ Fum, XV] AuU NTU
jV NjVm Fum DQojYR YR NvWeLu
SdLm . Am , TpY X]dl TpY
[dLeL[d \Yid\. @Y
Iu\Pu Wi TY] TXj Ru]m ,
TlTVL Bhf Nu p TWUojR NjVjR
DQojRX @Ytu DjRNUm. TLYj RV
DRWQUL Fjd Ls[Xm . Dt\o , D\]o ,
TVoL[d Lu WwVjR @PYRtLL Su
@YoLd FWLl TWP UhPu, @W L
AN]p t\jRWd LpXj Rp UL TTm ,
@lTlThP XSNLo SWLjR GYo Fu @of]u
TRjR T cxQo TLokRo: u
FlTRY Su , , BqYWNoLs AVoLp
1
D.D., 233 (RYW_ R-Vo PV).
82 c WUQ ULu TuULs
V W Y B p X k R p X . B U p (B q P p L s
@Pjm) Sm BpXUt TLUhPm. @Ru u
Y\ BPjp BdLjR Um [d , @Yt\
B k R V L j R S u Y v Y d ( V d )l
TLokRu. YvYu Ud UkRu. U
BzYd (V Xj Rp @WNu ) DWjRu ,
Fu cxQo Np-d LiP TLp @of]u
dh, DU \l kV ; YvYPV \l
L kV. Rm @u @Ydl TLoko FuTR Vu
@Y FeM]m ? Fu LhL , @Rt cxQo
F]dm D]dm @of], \Ls TX Lk T].
TWkRT (FL[ YhTY] ), @Yt\VpXm Su
@\u ; @VUhPn Fu @d\o .
BmUV] @lLs IudLu WiThPYVLj
Rum. Blm, Ls FlVYu Sd
XL-k @Y BWiU NV] PLs Am.
G vm P @dLpXV AlWad
uTLY Su D[u Fu?
WiPu : T L Y u ReLs FlTm Y]
DVoXu\ FRm [dLm @doLs!
TL.: (uYPu) Fu] NnY! FlTm Ds[
NoYNRWQ DiUVf Nu]p UdLs @R
DQoYpX. ReLs _ NTU UnmU FuTR
@gO]jRp @NhP Nn LYVUp h
\oLs. Ru BlTR DQWRYo DiP ? Am
@R Fjd ]p @qiUVd LhTpX .
Ru]h , YodLm , SWLm , U\ R-V BRW
`VeL[ AWnYXV TmTm AoYm
Lsu\]o . YhP YfN DiUV SYpX .
kRLs, YrdL UoUm R ShPUpXm. @YoLs
U]lTuU @lTlTRp , YR NvWeLm
@lTPj RjYm 83

@YoLs YXV Nu, p AuU NjVjt


@YoL[j lT ]u\] . FeLeL t]m
p RuPU lYWYim . BlT EWpXm
tj VUp , BlTR BdLQU Ru] Sj
RuX u\p FqY[ Su\L Bdm!1
TLYj RV NR TeLs @pX T[ Su
TeLs Fu TX NUVm ] FlYd T
NnYi. Am, Y NkRolTeLp UdLs @YWYo
U\ pL[ Xd YdL YiV XVm
DQoj]o .
YL ShPm e X NTjR DQoRp
Yim FuTR NvWeLs @]ju DhLj .
Rn FR]m @PVYiVpX. @gO]m @LX
Yim . TRl WUL[ IVYim . @Um
A]kRm Ru]h Y\eL BlTRL Fi
@XVUp , @VXpXR Ru TWQ Xp
@UWYim . Ru R]jRX TWU]kRm .
@qYUV A]kRUVm.2
d @PYRt U]jR @PdLYim Fu\
FkR -m NpXlThs[. ALVp, U] dWLU
NvWeLu Y] Lj Fu @kLiPu
pL[ @[u TlTRp TVpX. U]jR @Pd
YRtj Ru] VWu NdL YiU @pXUp
FlT pL[ NlT ?3
Ru]j RuPV O]d LiQp R] @V
Yim. WUu FuTYu Ru] WUu Fu @V Xd

1
T.,145. YN]mRm-1 Td. 148-9.
2
T.,252. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 18.
3
W., 23. cWUQ tWh, Td. 193.
84 c WUQ ULu TuULs
LiQ YiU? Ru FuT TgNLNeLds 1
BlT; pL[ @Ytt YV BlTY. ALY,
TgNLNeL[m d NdL YiV Ru] ,
pLp NlT Q. TkRjp Bdm Ru Vo
Fu Nj, Ru VRojR NTjRj RkLsYR
d. NR LXm U]jR AuUp YjlTRtj
Ru AuU NWm Fu TVo. V]U Ru] Nj#
j#A]kR mUULl TlT. Lt\Y @]jRm
I LXjp U\dLYiYm .2
Ls BVmm BXdLQeLdLpXm BXdVl
T[L [em OVoLd , @f L[p 3
VR WV_]m BpX .4

1
TgNLNeL[Y] : @u]UVm (DPp ), WQUVm (HmTLm
WQm ) , U]UVm ( HmXuLm U]m ) , gO]UVm
(O ] k V m j m ) U t m A ] k R U V m . (U i d V
DT`jp \lTm ArkR D\dL X).
2
W., 20. cWUQ tWh, Td.194. (S]o? T).
3
DT`jLs Tu LoQTWmTWVLd LRp Lhd LlTt
YdLlThPYV .
4
S.I., ch. IV, 9. cWUQ tWh, Td. 251 (DTRNUgN T).
@jVVm BWi
RjYj-k SP\l
Ttd

UL WUQo YZeV RjYm, LV NjVU] @u\P


AuL NR]d @lTPVL UhU @jRl
ThP FuTR kRV @jVVjp LiPm .
Blm, AuL VtdL] RY, Y\ RjYl
d Bhf Np\ . @RY , SPlTY Vm
V#BfNlTV @pX uT @ NnVlThP
YV (V UV) Fu\ RjYd [dj R\.
G]p , FpXU YNm Fu\ , UPu p
FlTm R] XjtL m\u Fu\
TLu\p, VUL Vu AuU NR] UtLsY]u
Fu LhTo TXo BpXU-pX.
YeL ULQj-k YkR IYo LhPo : Sm
@]YU AuL RkWjR VYoLs; FRtm
LhlThPYoLs @pX. Fek Ru]U @kR
AXUm TWUjUPu p HdVU
\m Fu NeLWo @s[o. @lTV]p,
Sm Gu FpXRU] TT LVeLm TVu
CTPdP ?
TLYu V uYm P A NeLWu @jRLV
Sd @LkRu LiQhPjp FZpX FuTR
]VYdf hdLhV .
TL .: Sm FRtm LhlThPYoLs @pX FuT
Fu]Y YvRYmRu. @RY, DiUV] AuUdd
LhlTLs Gm PV . Fek YkRU @kR
XjtL p m\m FuTm UnV .
A]p, BRtPp eLs YTp V LVeLp
CThPp @Ru [L[m NkdLjRu Yim.
86 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@Yt-k RlT V. I AN DeL[ SVl
PdmT eLs U[]UL Su FRtm LhlTPR
RkW AjU. Fu] Vo @jRp Fu]? S]L Ds[
AuUd Y- Gm RV. Fu] @Yu RPok
@jd LiP BdLhU, F]dLu]Ym? Fu
mU BkoL[? DiUXV eLs @qY
DQooLs Fu\ ThNjp DeLs BxPmTp F
YiU]m NnVXm . A]p , YU]
YnYojRVL AuUY] Su RkW `u Fu
YRp Fu] TVu?1
TLYu X RQeLp @jRY, V VWm
YpX V , FpXm lTV SPdm FuTR
DlTjYTp UXkRYVLj Rum. B[
YVp @Yo VPm \Up hPh @Lu
YiQUXp RehP\ @YW RVo UL]j
Rd LPp @Yo BdPm @k JPf
Nu\s . @fNUVm B[m Y Yn TN
U[]Xp BkYkRo . mmT @u]
Uu\VT RU TX uYU Fd Lh]o.
@YWYo
WWlRl WLWm @RtL]Yu
AeLek AhlTu . Fum SPYR Fu
Vtdm SPY; SPlT Fu] RPNnm pX.
BY iQm. AR-u, U[]UdL Su.2
X NUVeLp TdRoLdm BqY\ hdLh]o.
BkR DPp Fu]u] NnV Yim, Fu]u]
@TYeL[l T\ Yim FuTY @]jm
BqPp RuV DP]V oUdLlThhP] .

1
D.D., p. 258.
2
R.M., p. 42. Utm Self-Realisation: Life & Teachings of Sri Ramana
Maharshi by B. V. Narasimha Swami, 6th edition (1962), Td. 66.
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 87

Vt Nn @Ru TV]L O]m TYRt UhU


URdf RkWm Di . BqY O]m TYRp
RLjUj Im . DPX] @Rtl WWlRjRp
dLlThP @TYeL[ @PkR m .1
TdRu (RYW_ R-Vo): IYPV YrdLp SPdL
Bdm dVU] NmTYeLs # @RY @Y]
dVj Rp, mTm, B\l R-VY # UhU
uTLY Vp @PlTu\]Y @pX
u]f u] LrLm # DRWQUL I Pm[o
Rio TY, I @\-k Y\ @\df
NpY Tu\ @tT SPYdLLm # u]W
oUdLlThhPYV ?
TL.: Am. @lTjRu.
R-Vo ( AfNVm @ofm Dt ) : @ l T V ] p
URu RkWm @Yu NVpLd GtLYiV
Tlm Fu] AY?
TL.: DPp Gu \lTd\? BkR _uUjp @Rt
dLlThP TpY `VeLd AhTh BVe
YRtLLY YYUdLlThs[... UR RkWm FuT,
IYo RmU DPXLd Ld Li @Ru NVpL[p
[m TXuLp Tts[YWLY , @pX DPX
Su Fu Tt\Up @Ru L dLeL[m NVpL[m
TdLlTPUp Ym Nh UjWULY BdLXm
FuTR .2
Ds[T TodLlT]p, U Y-R Y-R Fu\
Lsd BWiPt\ Fm @jYR Sdp BPU
PV. BdLs FlTd\Ru\p, WVYl
Tt GU LslThWR I mTp Y]-l
ThVu\f rk uLi , @lThds
1
D.D., p. 211-212. Rm V! RkRm V!, RYW_ R-Vo ,
Rp RrlTl, 1999. Td. 92.
2
D.D., p. 78.
88 c WUQ ULu TuULs
DhLokdm TPLu, I-TWl XVm @Y] Fu]
TPf Np\R @Rl T\] @pX TPpLu
TL[j RuxPmTp @lTPLu Utl
TPU Fu YlT Tu\ XV Am .
Y]-l Thp FkRl TPLm BpX , ARXp
@kRd Ls FYRtpX FuTR P Am
@pXY ? @RTu, Su F] Tdm @LkRd
Er]d LhlTLs BpXUp V BfNlT
]Vtm RkWm D[R BpXV Fu\ ]t
P BRu: @LkR FuTR] RjR DiU Gm
BpX. ALY, @dLs FYRtpX. #U Ttd
Ls FlYod TLYu YZdLU] @Zl
BfN RkWU Yd t\ Vd Lr\
FuTR] R-p LieL[u! FuTRu.
T.: URdj Ru lTmTp ]Vtm RkWm
DiP @pX @Y] Yru NLX @mNeLm
uT Vp oQdLlThPYV ?
BdLsm UtNu] Ls Tu\R . Am
Ls FlVYu RYdLtT Pm UT\
FuTRd Z LQXm. DiUp, @LkR UnV]RpX
FuTR U]t Ls[R FYodm uYm P So
FoU\]RLY Rum.
TL.: VfN (V#BfN) FuT VdjYjPu
(UULWUV Rj RuUPu) BQk Bk Y\.
Ru Fm RjYm BdmYW BfN RkWm
BkYm . BkR DiUV @lTPVLd LiP
FpX NvWeLm V BfNV SoUV] Yp
NjU Tdu\] .
BkR Tp , BRtu TLu\ Pd DiUp
SoU\]R ? BpX . G]p R] Bl Fm
RjYm Ym TnjRt\m FuTR TLYu
TR]. ALY, IYo RUdL] Jo RjRuU Ds[
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 89

Fu\ T Y]p [jd LidLp ,


RuxPmTp NVpm BfN RkWm BlTRL
T jd Ls\o . BqY , @Lm # T Ym BfN
RkWm IeQk tTY. Y-R U Y-R
Fum Wf] RjY @OoL[m NUV
jRkL[m LXeLXULl j YhY\ .
@lWf] RPok BkYWjRu Nnm. G]p
jY (BU)j R[UhPjp BRtj o LQ V
# @RY , xLojR ( TWmTs ) Fum ,
TPldLlThPYV RjR YuLs FuTU]
YR U]lTuU XmYWp od BPpX .
xdLlThP RoLdj Rm lTmTp
SPlTRtL] RkWm Di Fu Yjd LiPp ,
x LojRYV CNu FpXm YpXYu FuTR FpXm
@kRYu (NoYgOu) FuTR TkR # G]p
Fu] SPdL d\ Fu CNdL RV, RoL[
B SPdL YiVR fNjd Ls\oLs Fum,
B SPdL lTY CNu [lT @pX, G]p
RoLs @Yt\ UtVUjd Ls[m m ,
Fum Am . U\L , CNu NoYgOu , NoY Nd
YnkRYu FumT SPlTY , SPdLlTY
VYt\m uhV @kRYu , @Yt\
AhYlTYu, ALY TPldLlThP YuLs Vm
FYm FRm RULj oUdL V , @RY
V#BfNlT ]Vt\ V Fu\ X.

A]p , @jYRm @pX BUuU Fu\


R[jX UtV Wf] Ue U\kTm .
DiUp , @LmTYUm @LkRd V BfN Gm
PV. G]p, @LkR Fu RjR Gm BpX.
Blm, DiUTXj Ru\ @LkRp @Ru
V BfNm @PdLm. V BfN Fu\ U]d LtRU
@LkR Fu\ U]UVdLjRm Rtd\ .
BRVRu TLYu RjYm BdmYW BfN
RkWm BkYm Fu PVjRo . BR
90 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Pu uLiP @jR YdVm Ls FlVYWj
RjYj-k SP\f NR]dj l\.
V BfNV YjR YV DiUp Vd
@Uu\] FuTRd LieLs . @Rp U]R
IUlTjeLs . @lT @qWiPm Ri
tm XV DQooLs. Bd LsLu TVu @Y
Am . BTu\ LsLs VPV U]jWp
Ruu\]? (F] U]jWp Fu\p @kR Vu
Vo?) @R]d Lij @Rp @U TeLs.1
]m Tj VLUg O]m
B]VYVod Lu\nk PY - ]Tj
VLm DQo() AnkPS uVY Vu\
]LU] XiU Vm .2
[Ts : xLmV ( TX] FoTWUp ) LoUm
NnVRm , LP[ SdLRm , LP[ hl
kRm , @VUU] Su t\eLm Vd
Fu\p , F]d Fu Am . BkR Su Vo ? Fu
Ru] AWnYRu\ DiUp LoU VLm ,
TdVLm , W_VLm, O]VLUV SuUm.
G]p, BqY Ru] Vo Fu AWnkRp BkRd
t\YVV Su BpXUt Tnm . BkR Su
DiUVt\RYRp UtV t\eLs SuU FuU
BpXR]YL DQWlTm. Fu\um AuUYLY Sm
[eYR DiU @TYm Am.]
]R] Uu ]TVu nlTm
]RX Wu ]j - R]VVd
LojRj YmTnd LUu eLZ
jRU j X .3

1
T., 426.
2
F. V. S. 14. Ds[ StT: @TkRm, TPp 14.
3
F. V. 38. Ds[ StT, TPp 38.
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 91

[Ts : ]VtTYWL IYo RmUd Ld


LidLp ]Lu TXTXuL[m @dLjRu
Yim. A]p, ]VtTYo Vo Fu ] AuU
NWjp CThj RU UnV] AuU XV
DQmT, LojjYm (]VtTYo Fu\ @LkR
FiQ YYm) @k, dLoUm (]l TVuLm)
tlTm. BY jV d XlT Am.]
TL .: SUpXU DiUp NfR]kRoLsRm !1
A]m Vp LhiPYoL[Ld LtT] Nn
Li @gO]jp @rks[m . @R]pRu
uTeLs Vm Ruu\].
R-Vo: Sm Gu BqY LtT] Nn\m? @gO]m
SmU AhLsY G]?
TL.: @gO]m Vd Soks[ Fu DeL[
eL[ Lhd LseLs . @lT DeLd
[em # @gO]m DeL[ ITm iVpX,
eLs FlTU NfR]kRjp X LisoLs
FuTR eL[ LiloLs . IYo GtL]Y
DiUp FqY BkY\W @R Nj#j#A]kR
XV FnYRtLLl TpY WReL[m _TRTe
L[m UtLi RmU Yjd Ls\o. U\L,
NmNW (Yru ) L dLeLum [UhP Rm
Lhi PlTRL Fim RY\] U]lTuUV
hPdm VtV NR]f LWm.
R-Vo: SPlT VU RnY NeLtTm FuT DiUV?
FpXU lTV SPkRm Fu\p,
WojR]VX UR FjR]jRX Fu]
WV_]m ? @lTV]p Sm IuU NnVUp
mU BkPXU ?

1
TiUVm Ds[ Ts (Nj), TW (j), A]kRm (WQ
BuTm ) Fu um BZkR AuU NTU]YoL[ Sm .
92 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TLYu WUQu uXp @dL FlTlThP
Lsf dLm B. @YdL DjR] Tp @Yo
@Rtl Tp Bj]o # @RY, RjY VL [dLm
\ tTPUp, Fu] NnV Yim FuTR UhU
YjWjRo .
TL.: V YpYRtL @pX d AhTPUp
RkWUL BlTRtL B YL[ Ds[]. Iu, d
A[Y Vo Fu AuUojRUL NWQp, B\e,
Su Fum @LkR UhU YNlTu\, AuUY
@LUhP, @LkR FuTRL DiUp GpX
Fu DQok UuUm AuU NWjRj RPoY
FuTRm . Ut\ Y , B\YPm TWQ
NWQLVPk @LkRV @j Y. @Rp, IYo
RU odLV (NnYRVUV) DQok NRNoYLXm
UnVlT]! Su @tT Yu; Fu] @Vu. NLXm
ReL[ @u Y\pX Fu D[L B\g, Su,
F] Fu\ FiQeL[ @\Y j, AiPYu
jRlT SPlT SPdLhm Fu Ru]jR] CNPm
@olTjd Li , @ Yim , B Yim
Fu\pXm LP[l WojdLUp BdmYW @kR
@olTQm , NWQL , WQm Tt\RL ITm
Ls[UhP. TWuu YYUm LPsTp Ydm WQ
@uT DiUV] NWQL F]Xm. @kR @u, @uu
ThPVu, StL (T) DnYRtLLd P @pX. Y
YojRL[p NpYRu\p, V YpX @LkRV
Rn @jY @YVm. BkR @LkR UnjRX
AuU NWju XU @pX Td UodLju
YXLY NndLXm.1

1
D.D., p. 230. (RYW_ R-Vo PV).
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 93

BqRU] PlTe AuL ANuLdl


TY]R Am. TWVo Lp^u FV ^K
qVo (BvXV U\ UngO) IYu YrdLf
NRV Su TjRp Iu OTLjt Y\. FpXm
YjR YV SPTm Fu\ RjYjR @m
UngO TjR Tm, SP\p UR BfN
RkWjRm @j]o Fu @kR Lt\kR XVo
RU Wp s[o. RjY kR]V[oLd
B Jo WLY RuUu\m, AuL @hNpYoLs
@]Yu TR] NWm @qY\ @Uks[] .
RYu fjRm Bu Jo hdmP Z
ZUhP1 Fum, IYu RXp FjR] Ls
FuTmP u]UV LQdLdLlTh
oQdLlThs[ Fum Gv Y-jd
s[o @u\ ! @RTu , @]j `V
O]m YpXUm @pXPm @PdLm Fum ,
@pXY RUd DLkRYod SoY LhV\o; Rm
lTlTV Y\YW YRYf NpXm
h\o Fu Wu Ds[ @u\ !
@qY\m, vm Wm UdL[ SoUV]
Vtp CTU Edjm, ]Vd LiP]m
Nnm TdLpXV? V Vt @YVm FuTR
TLYu WUQo hPYhPUL @jYkRo. IYu
RjY Sd FYm, @u\P Yrp V Vtu
@YVjR @]Ym RYL DQWjRu Nn\oLs.
DQY Fj Yp Th NlYRtL] DPpNokR
VtV URu UtLs[jR] Yis[? Su
ThVp NYu FuTR Fu RX FukRp
BlT DQYk Fu] TVu ? Fu FkR STm
NpYpX . DiQ DQm , DdL DPm YeL
Yim FuTRtLLjRu FYm TQm NmTdL DPXX

1
@Yu Jo @m @NV Fu\ Rrl TZUd IjR
94 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@YX DZdm Vtp CTu\]o . AuL
Vt Fu YmT Uhm IYo YThP
YRlTdL Gu WVdL YiU RVpX!
Lm (cXeL) -k YkR I B[Ou TLYPm
iQljRu: h (J) xQoj, VtL[
dLs Gm @t\ U[]ju XULl TVXl
TuT V DQoY FhYRtL] YY YWR
U Xm DQojR Vp\o . @u]W
\ , Ark AWnk @LL YXn U]R
IUlTjm Y\um YT\.
A]p, V]m YR Fm\p \lTL
@lVdLXm, V]ju BXd FqYp
DlT\ Yim FuTRj RVok
[doL[ ?
TL.: Ru VtVt\, lTjRoYt\ V DQoY
SU DiUV] BVp . @kR XU Sm DQok
@qYTYjp Iu YU]p @ NV. Am,
IYo @kXV Vt Gu @PYRtpX .
@jRLV VtV ]k UtLsYR V]m
F]lTY . _uUkW YN]Ls @]jm U]R
YLUnl \l TsLs R lu\] .
@qY\] FiQeLs VYt\m \k , U]R
DsLULj lT Yim . BkR @LL ShPjt
@SLUL FpXdU V Vt RYlT\ .
kRV @Pdf mU B FuTR NRLoLd FkR
I Ou , FkR I AuL -u TR]VL
@U\ . A]p mU BjRp @qY[ XTU]
LVm @pX. ALYRu @Rtm Vt @YVlT\.
BkR DfN AuU XVm U] NkV Vt Gu
FnhP VWm IYW Sm LQ kRm, @Yo
T] _uUjp ( t\p ) @RtL] Vt
UtLiPRu TV] @ Fu eLs @UdLXm.
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 95

VtVt\ , lTjRoYt\ , TuT XVm V


DQoYj ndL PVt @YVm. @kR PVtV
V]m Am. @RtL] V]m DeLdl jRU]
\p @UVXm . FqYLV] V]m FiQ
@XL[VpXm JVfNnV DP]Vn DR\ Fu
Tojj RokRj @R]V DU V] UodLULd
LPdLXm .
B RPoTL , @hLm YU] RU]
YLu (. 18#Am t\i) TPpLs XYt\
UtL[L FjWjRo. @Ytu NWmNjR TLYu
BqY [d]o:
kRV
@Pd mUdm \U Yud .
Am BkR DiUV FqY[Ru o DU U]jt
FjWjRm kR mU BlTpX . G]p
U]mR] U]jt @qY \! @kR U]jt
@qY @Pem \U @m @ . U]
SNjRV NjWeLs @]jm BVms[]. BR]V
Nu\oLs mTj mTd YR SsRm
Lh\m. Sm YL YjlTYm BRV ]m
U]jR @Pd Sm mU BlTpX. UV DXLjm,
XuLs DQojm \l ThLs m U]jR UV
h\m. BRu LWQULY VtL[t\ WQ Nk
X FnYRt SgNV , AuUojR @VW Vt
@YVU\ .1
WVjR]m GUt\ @ DfN UnXV FhYRt
URu WVjR]m Gm NnVU-lT @NjVm .
TLYj Rp cxQu Tp ]L, @Y D]
LoU BVp Fu @of]d DTRjs[ Tu,
Vt UtLsYR URu BVp.

1
D.D., p. 89-90. RYW_ R-Vo PV.
96 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL.: Vt NnVUp DeL[p YU] BlT
NjVU @pX. @qY Vu UuUm Ds[rk
AuU XT FnRu Vt Gm NnYm NjVU
@pX .1
T.: V]jtm NU Xdm jVNm V?
TL .: VULl WVjR]m Nn U]p Iu\d
LtRm Nn vUj @Rp XlT V]m Fum,
WVjR]m Gu NUklT NU Fum
NpXlTm . 2
FkR I YLW ]lu mU BdLd
Uu @ Su\. A]p, \ FpXYt\m Nn
Lidm FYm AuU ShPjRm , NR]V
Uhm Y]u ? L LQLu \ BVdLeLs
BdUhm AuU ShPjR ITm PdP.3
V]m Jo TWhPm. @YWYoLu oYlVNj
Rm , TdYjRm DRULj Rum GRYo
XhVjp U]jR XjRj RPe]p, @R Foj
Ds[ @Pes[ YN]Ls (FiQd \pLs )
Yd[ml ToVj RPem. A]p @Ytt
@gN , PlVnj RokRjR XhVjXV ,
RuPjXV U]jR PVtPu jl
TZYkRp, Folu Nd YWYWd \k, p @\Y
em. @lT V @TYm RPVu Xem.
@YW V]jp BkRl TWhPU FlTm Lr\.4
@LkR Ds[Uhm @m RuTdp WVjR]m
Nn LiRu Bdm. A]p @LkR @Pem
T LVeLs R] SPdm. p, AuU Nkp
1
S.D.B., IV NjRoN] TxVm.
2
S.I., ch. II, 15. cWUQ tWh, @lVNl WLWQm, Td. 239.
3
T., 255. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 20.
4
T., 371. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 101.
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 97

@Pe BVem @LkRd AuUd @kVUn R


Bl Gm BpX.1
Vtu FYm u]\ V . U]jR
@PdY DU \lU @pX. U]jR @PdV YoLu
Ytdd LWQm @YoL[ PVtV Am.2
X RQeLp AuU NbjLWm WkRWUYRt
uTL , @mUnmUu LQSWj Rt\eLs
@qYlT um . @kR XUm AuL
VtVj RPok UtLs[ Yim.
AuU NUolTQm jdmYW Vt @YVm. Ru
NTm RPVu NL_Un [eUhm GR Jo
Rjp Vt BkLiP Ym . Vt
3
tlTt\ BPU WQ NL_]kR XT.
NqYV] Vt UtLsY Jo LPUm Am
Fum tX NUVm hdLhPl ThP.
T.: AjU NbjLWm @PYRt Su Gu WjVL
Vt NnVYim? emT Lm
L]um TP Sm Gm Vt UtLsY
pXV? @RTu NlT] DXLm BkR UV
um TYUn YV\XU ?
TL .: Ark L] LLp @ Ym
NlT]mR] Fu\ ]l DUd m FZ. ALY
@Rum TP Vt NnV YiV olTkRm
GpX. A]p BkR Yrp DU L] @TYeLu
@lTPm, TjRkR , LhPkR `V O]ju
[YLm DUd Jo DsQo GtT\. @RY,
BkRl \ DX NokR YrdL Jo L] Tu\ UV

1
T., 467. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 153.
2
T., 398.
3
T., 78. YN]mRm-1, Td. 94.
98 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@TYU, @R h [ Yim Fu\ DsQo
I-d\. BkR UVum TP YiV LPUVm
@qsQo Dm Uj\. BqY\m, DUd
AjU RN]m RYpX Fu\p DmU Vo G]u
LhLm? DUd BkR L] XLU Tm Fu\p
T`n @XV NgNjd LiUu!1
BqY\m , X NUVeLp , uYm DWVP-p
RVYYTu , VtmP RSTo NokR UV
Yru Jo TV FuTRLf NRLd @jRlThP.
T.: l Xs[ SU _ YrmP jWp
Lm NlT]m Tu Jo L]Y Fu
\lT\ . A]m , NlT]m LiLp Sm
@Rum Th jd Ls[ j oYUL
Vt Gm FlTpXV? SU WVN
FuV L] R]L tlTt Sm Li
d\m . @RTu , SU l XmP
DiUp YYLV] L]Y FumT,
@m SU NkR Vt Gu t SmU
AjU NbjLWjp @pX UnmUV] AuL
l Xp Gu Li NodLdP?
TL.: BkRYLd L]YV l XVm UVV
hPlTRt Vt NnV Yim FuTm, AuU
RN]jR @pX UnV] @L lp nm XV
FhYRt eLs VtLs UtLsY FuTmP
l Xd L]u TL[ Am! emT Fm
L]Ls , l Xd L] BWiU BpXRY ,
R]V] eLm, DeL[ BVpT] AuU NTm
UhU UnmU FuT AuU RN]m jdLp
Rs[j RVj Ru]jR] [em.2
1
D.D., p. 76.
2
D.D., pp. 13, 14.
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 99

X NUVeLp LsLs N mm. UY Vtdm


Y @Udm BPp UmTdLLd LQlTm
WiThPlTt @pXUp, Vtdm @dWLj tm
BPX] WiThPd j ]dLs Fm .
G]p, UnX LYWlTRp LPs LPbj]X
@[XRu \Ym Fu\p, Sm V Vt
NnY QpXY Fu ]Ym Di. BR NkRLm
YqY YYeLp FkR URjm FZjRu Nn\ #
TTUN]m Tt , T FnY GSRu
@]X @pX StNVpLs YXLY Fu\ NofN
vRY URjp Ds[ Tu . DiUp
BqWitm BPV WiT GpX FuTRl
uYm UtLsLp LQXm.
YLV[o: RokRdLlThP SToLd UhU AuU
O]m hUU ? B Nt Ru]mdL BZdLf
NnYRL Ds[R?
TLYu: @Rt @ojRm, Sm YU] SU U]
@[p Vu AuU @Vl Tt P V,
FRtm RnY @m YndL Yim FuTR Am.
Be RYW_ R-Vo (dh): LP[mP Vo
VdL Wu PlTpX. BkR YrX @pX
T] _uUeLX NR]dL] V Vt UtLiP
STu RVl Tj @hT-l h\ .F]
[dLm @jRo.
YLV[o : A]m , Ym UR FjR]jRp FkRl
WV_]m BpX Fu NpXlT\R?
@lTVu\p Ru] UmTjd Ls[
URdj iLp IuU PVR?
RYW_ R-Vo mTm dh, @]j Vtm
VojRU Fu Fe \lThs[? Fu ]Y, YkRYo
@iUj Rlp S]o ? Tp NLX
LVeL[m I TWUfYW Nd SPjd
Lid\TVp, Sm @Rt @PeWUp, BlTf
100 c WUQ ULu TuULs
NnV Yim , @lTf NnV Yim Fu ^R
klTRu ? 1 Fu\ YNLjRd lhPo . @Rt
R-Vo , @kR YNLm UR VtV UjWdL
pX ; LojRqVu ( NVXtTYu ) S] Fu\
@LmTYjRd LilTRm Fu Uld , Fu
[dLm NR]? Fu TLYu WUQW ]VUL ]Y,
@Ym @R] AUjRo. 2
T.: @gO]m @LX, @s YiUpXY?
TL.: fNVUn. A]p, @s FekR Rn
YWYiVpX. AuUu NL_ VmWLNU @s.
@qY\ @gO]m FuT Jo Ts @pX. FlTm,
FdLXm PokRY BkYm AuUl WLNjR
DQWUV @gO]m. B FlTVu\p, DRWQUL
Vu Vl WLNm . @Rt Bs FuTR PV .
BkRTm , V Ip Bs U\kR\
FuTR Ut\YoLu t . @gO]m Bs
Tu\R T-j Rt\U @u DiUV] @pX.
@ Jo Un @pX FuTRu LWQULY @Ru UVj
Rt\jRd Li Li O]m DdLp @gO]
Bs @Lu YRLd \lT\.
Vu Ds[T Bk WLd\ . Du]f
tm Fem V I Wmlm, V] LQ
YiUu Vu Bdm Np LiL[j l
SdL Yim. @RTu, @s BeLV, BlTR
Bdu\Tm , VtNn @Rtl TjWUL
Yim .
T.: NWi DRXp @[ Su DQWXm @pXY?
TL.: LojR Su FuT @LkR. LojjY#j (NVp
TYu Su Fu\ U]lTuU) IkRp @eL BlT
1
cWUQ tWh, Td. 192.
2
D.D., p. 3.
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 101

@s [dLm UhU. @UVn X u, AuU


NTU Su FuQo (Be still and know that I am God)
Fum RY YdVm @LkR NtUt\ TWQ
NWQLVV Td\ . @U FuT LojjYm
NtUt\ @s XV. AuU NTU Su FuQo
Fu\p AuU NTULY B Fu Ts T\.
DQoRp FuT Iu\lTt IYo @Y @pX ;
@RY @TYu, @, @VlT Ts Fm mU
LPkR AuUl WdOV UnQo.1
T.: A]p, LPu LQ DiPu SmY FlT?
TL .: TdYUt\ Du U]m DQWhPp , @YW
LQ BpX FuT LjRpX . BR]p LPs
LQVt\Yo Fu\m ! @RY LPs , LPs
BVpT @tl T\o . B tm @NmTRm
@u\ !
T.: D] SmdLlT D]df NnVlTm2 Fu G
v [m\W, @TXY?
TL .: @lTVRu .
T.: AuU VW Yd\R @YoRu AuUY @V
m Fu DT`jLs Npu\] @pXY ?
AuU YlT]u ? Um , AuU Gu GR
IYW UjWm j YdLYim?
T L .: Vu DdmT FpX @mLm
UXoYpX . XY UXou\] . @RtLL V]
kdLXU? Uh R] UXW V. @Rt V
YfNm RY.
T.: UVVV WV AuUY BhdLi
Bd\TVp, UVjW dLjt AuUu DR
RY Fu Sm NpXXLR?

1
T., 354. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 93.
2
According to thy faith be it done unto thee
102 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL.: NpXXm .
T .: AuU Ru R] WVl Thd
LilTR]p @ R]R] @kRj WV
dd Ls[ Yim?
TL .: Am . A]p W TPlThs[ Fu
\Y Vo? @kRj W Vd Fu To.
T.: Su Gu TodL Yim? AuUY WV dd
Ls[hU !
TL.: AuU WVlTtd LhUV]p @Y
ddLs[m Nnm . 1
T.: C N u N o Y V T L u (F e m \ k R Y u ) F u
NpXlT\. ARXp, @Y] @Rp XTU]RL
@u\ BdL Yim? A]m, @Y][XV
@Yu Rs ( TRm ) YQeLp FuTRV p
YdVeL[p, CNu @s BpXu @Y] @V
V FuTR UhUu, CN]l Tk
YTPm P V Fu\ Ljm X]\R !
@qY\p , CNu @dWLu Yu Ru V
VtVp AuU NbjLWm TY FeM]m?
TL.: CNu FuTRt AuUm, @dWLm FuTRt
CNu WNu]m @RY [dLm (YlTm )
T[]p CNu [eLR Jo LXU BpX .
R_UVUnl WLjd Lidm V [dLm
L Fum Thd (AkRd )l XlTPR @kRl
Thu x R`U (Li L[\)Vu Vu
R`UU ? @eM]U . NR#DRVULl WLjd
Lidm AuU [dLm U[od (@V
XU]od )j Ru\R @u]u x
R`UVu AuUu R`UU ? @dWLU

1
M.G., p. 57. UL YnU, Td. 58-9.
RjYj-k SP\l Ttd 103

NTUL BlTRpRu CNd Ys Fu\Ro


TVm WjRUn YZeLlT\ . ALY , WkWUn
@dWLjRV NTULPV CNd @dWLm
NnY Fu\ RjRRo YXpX; @dWLjtL]
Jo LXm BpX.1
CN] ]k ]k, @Y]s Yi tTR @s
A\ .
T.: NkRLeLs TX UuUm Fu\]. Fu] NnV?
TL .: NkRLeLd Jo YpX . I HVm
okRp Ut\u [mm. BqY NkRLeLs UuUm
Fk LiRu Bdm. ARXp, NkRlTYu Vo
Fu TodL Yim . @qY TojRp , NkRLU
DYV @LkR Im; @Ru NkRLUt\ AuU v.
U]jR AuUp XT\f Nn , FiQUm
@tdL Yim FuTR RTRNm.
T.: @Rtj Y[ Q VYim.
TL.: Ys FekR YYpX. Sms[V
@K Fum D[. @Ru @[XV @R] S\m.2
Y[ LP[Lm Y[Lm DYd\.
T.: u @u Fm LPRpXY?
T L .: Am ; @lVNjp WjR DiPY
Y[XV. @Ru TXu LUp Pd\. LYpV
SYRm -p I Nns BqY DWd\ : a
Y, ReLs FuPu FlTm Bk YoLs ,
_uU _uUUL Fu]d LiLdoLs, Su AuU
UN]m ( RX ) TmYW Fu] AuLl
TRp YSPjf NpoLs . FpX SXm

1
S.I., ch. 7. cWUQ tWh, DTRNUgN, Td.
II, 234-5.
2
T., 618. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 271.
104 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Y[XV jd\. Ds[jR Fum IokRY
Bdm uUV]kR Y DV LXjp \jm Jo
UR VdVLj Ru @s\o. @YW Y[p
@LkR I\ . Ds[T BlT YWVX
NTUu\ Fu DQo\m.1
YLV[o: TLYu WUQWV ReL[ @s Fu
TkRXu F] VtLp Yt LQYpX
FuTR @TYoYUL @\u .
T L .: @ s F l T m D [ . @ G R
FeL Yu Dfp BlTRLm , @ B\eYk
DeLs TV Yim Fum LtT] Nn
LsoL[ RW Y\pX . DiUp @ DUs ,
DU Ds[jR, D\ks[. FkR \V
UtLiPY AuU Xjp U]jR Bj]p ,
@pX IeLf NnRp @j Y[m Ys
DUs tlTXl hl Tm . 2

1
T., 425. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 130.
2
D.D., p. 24.
@jVVm u
DXL Yr

TLYu WUQW TR]Lu @lTPp, V


RjYjR JW[ @kRu @Ru SP\l
TtVd jf kdm FYdm FZdV Ls
Iu Di. @kR X#Ut\m RU @u\P Yrp
Fu] TlL[ DiPdm FuTR @dLs. W
AuL NRLoLs DXLVRl lL[j \kP
Yim Fu\ LhPVm Bk RoUjp Gm PV.
U\L, GSRu Xl WNeLjm, jRWu
TR]m @qY\] \ Y-jRlThP. A]p
Bk URjX mT YrdLd DV UlTdLl
Ths[. IdLm \kR SoUV] NVX \U
YnkRRL FjWdLl T\. TodLlT]p, WR]
BkVu YoQfWU RoUjuT I URu R]
mT TWjR GtLjRdL YV YkR UL] ULuL[
Bdm XXRu hPj \dLj R
Tt\Y]\u.

Am , @jYR jRkRm , @R] @jR[ULd


LiP AuU NWm ( BTtV WV
u] @jVVjp LQXm ) DXL TkReL[j
\kRodL DLkR Fu YY UWTLd LRlTh
Yks[ . ALY , Rm DXLVR YrYj \kP
YiU Fu\ LsV TLYu WUQPm @YW
TdRoLs @dL ] YkR]o . Bu\V S]
BkVmPd LQdPdm AuL U]
DlThu Rf \ldV @ Fu]Yu\p ,
DXL YrYj \kRp FuT, UtLjV AuL
@\m P, Jo SkRY]f -p @pX
ToQNXp Ru]kRV FUVn jlTR
@pX GRY \UPjp @PdLXm TYR,
BpXu BlPm Gu Lp Lu
106 c WUQ ULu TuULs
DQdm DPdm RUl fNV Sm Yrk
LX Lp Y-X Y\eL Jo XX
Rel Tj\eYR Tu\ YrdLV UtLsYm
AuL Yru @Ls @pX. S] LXjp I
N FV DQdm \kRThN DPdULj Ru
mTjRPk @qYlT I RLV
DRlTQULl Tt NuVN YrdL
YrkYYi . FYm @jRLV YrdL Jo
NWUt\ LxP Y]U Am . @mUV] NuVN
YrdLV UtLs[j RmU @UdU L
BPP TtTXo ULV Yi u\]o. A]p
TLYu WUQ ULV @Rt FuU BN
@jRpX . AuLf V T FuT Ds[okR
Iu\m. DXL Yru olTkReL[m BL YrYm
\dLUp DsLU] D[lTePu LPULs AtV
YiQm UtLs[j RdLR @lT FuTR @YW
DlT .
T.: A u U O ] m @ P V a v R u ( m T v R u )
@YVm NuV ALYiPU?
TL.: avRu Fu ]jd LsY]u?
NuV A]\m P Su NuV Fu\ FiQm
Du]j RPm . h-kRm , @Rj \k
Lhdl T]m Du U]m Du]j RPm .
@LkRV FiQeLu Xm . @ DPXm
DXLjRm Rtj Du]d LvRu Fu Fid
LsmT Nn\. \ iPp, Su LvRu
Fum ]tl TXL Su NuV Fu\
]Ym , hdl TXLd Lh ]YU
hYdm . BlTlThP U]j RPLs FlTU
Di. BkR (Y]) NLjp @Y Bum @LdLm
Nnm . Bdm vRXjR ( BlPjR ) Uhm
UtYRp I XTm BpX . U]U TkRP .
h-kRm Lh-kRm BjRPV Ut\
DXL Yr 107

Yim. Lhp Ut\d VR hp Gu Ut\dP?


ALVp vRXjR Gu Ut\Yim? rX GYL
BkRm, Du WVjR]jR BlTR NnVXm.
T.: DXL YLWjp RPok CThdmTR NU
Lm @TlT NjVU?
TL.: Su YX Nn\u Fu\ DQofV RP.
YX NnY Vo ? Fu Nj , Du DiU
NTjR ]t Ls ; YX ( YLWm ) R]
SPdm ; Du] T kRlTjR , YX NnVY
\dLY VLY VX YiPm. Du VtV TkRm.
dLlThP SPkR m. YXV dLlTPkRp
R]m @ D]dd hP . YXV j
kRp @R hPLXV; Du]d LhPVUn
YX Yem . ALVp @RVpXm
TWUfYWPm h . DuxPlT \dLY
YX NnVY V.1
odPjRj RX Ref Npm URo FqY[Y
TdLiP T]m @YoLs LY]m PjRhl
\Z . @qY\Ru @Ou FjR] YLWe
LPm V#@um m \Zu.2
T.: AuU NbjLWjt WUfNVm @YVm @pXY?
TL.:mUjp NRp, @RY mULWUjRX
WUfNVm. LU LWjt BPeLPjRp UhU
WUfNVm AL . mU NTjp XTt ,
mU]kR W^UVUL BlTY] NV]
WmUfN. @lTlThPYu tuTjR SY]? Ru
VRojR NTjR hl \RX DTjWYjtLpXm
X LWQm.

1
M.G., I, p. 7. UL YnU, Td. 3-4.
2
T., 231. YN]mRm-1, Td. 222.
108 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T.: WUfNVm VLjt @YVm R]?
T L .: NbjLW @TYjtL] TpY
NaVeLs WUfNVm IuRu.
T.: @lTVu\p @ @jVYVU] BpXV ?
BuVUVR NR]m BpXV? U]
YrdL-lTod AuU NbjLWm NjVU?
TL .: Aa ! fNVUL . FpXm jR TTLjRl
TjRRVm . mTvR] @pX WmUfNV ,
\V, VW]m N, Ru _ NTUV AuUY
Su DQWXm; G]p @ BeL, BlTR BlT.
@lTu @ GR Vtp FlTR Rn
@PVlTYRp , @RtLLl TTPYiPU !
G]p ( Rn ) YYRpXm Tnm . BVpTn
Fum BlTRu (Rnm @u) Xjdm.
BeL BlTR vYRvjRUn (BVpTn BlTRn)
R]d @Vp Gu RjlTR AuU.1
T.: AuUd NuVNm @YVU?
TL .: R] Y TYUm RjRuUVj \jRX
NuVNm. FiQeLs @]ju XUm @LkRVj
\jRX \Y\m; RXV Ujd LsYR L`Vm
RlTR @pX. I STo mTjR BdLXm; A]p
@Yo RmUd mTvRu Fu FiQUp BkRp @Yo
NuVV. UNop , @Yo L DP Rjd k
YLp Ru I NuV Fu Fi]p @Yo
NuV @pX. FRm \k NuVNm T\Yim
Fu\ ]lT \ U]lTuUV rj YRm.2
NuVNm Yed LsY Fu eLs YRu
@ojRm Fu] ? DU hPh YVY @pX
GR I lhP \jp AP @Y Fu
1
T., 17. YN]mRm-1, Td.15.
2
T., 427.
DXL Yr 109

]dW? FeRu TeL[u, Gu, ALVjp T\k


RkRmP eLs DeL[m PY Bhf NpXj
R] moLs? @pX , Ru F] Fidm
DeL[ hh @kR @am # TYu YV\
U DeL[p ?1
DU DjVLU YrdLd LPuL[ AuL
Vtp dY]u? FjdLhPL, hp DU
SPYdLLdm , Tm @YXLjp DU
YXLdm BPV I jVNm Bd\. Av
@YpLp eLs Nt hPtVL NVpToLs;
@dLlThP YXd LPUV NqY] Nn
LidmT @RVj Fu] SPd\ ,
RXd @R]p XTU SxPU FuTYTt eLs
LYXl TYpX. U\L, hp DeL[ LPUL[l
TkR TNjPu AtoLs, DeL[ NVpLs DeLdm
DeLs mTj]odm SuU TVdU ,
@XU]YV Fu\pXm NR @Xhd LsoLs.
A]p, AuU Iu\ Un FuTR D[Uok DQok,
@R NUVm Yru NLX SPYdLLU Tt\tl
TeLtl TVt YWm m # @RY Jo SLu
TX! SLu Ru Gt\ TjWjtj RkRY DPLs
@k Sd\u ; Sdm LR TjWULY Ru
UhPRLdP Fi DQofoYUL , RjTUL
Sd\u. A]m @Ydj Rm, Ru DiUp
@kR LRTjWm @pX, _ Yrp Y\Yu Fu.
BqPp S]u , AuUY Su Fu DeLdl
TfNVUnj RVYm T , DPQoY @pX
BqPX Su Fum XQof DeL[ Gu ZlT
Yim? DP-u FkRf NVm DeL[ @jRLV AuU

1
D.D., 200.
110 c WUQ ULu TuULs
X#jRj-k @NdLUhP. @kR AuU Xl,
DPp NokR LPULs VYt\m NYWf NqY]
AtYp ITm dP . SLu Ru _Yr
XV SuQokRTm, @qQo SPL UPp
@Y] TLjRf \lTL SlTp dYpX FuT
TXjRu B.1
T.: LojjYm ( NVXtTYu S] Fm ]l )
@Y[Ym BkYm YWp AuU O]m
jdL FuTR VUm FumT , dp
ShPs[ mTvRu IYu @kR LojjY ]l
BuV R] LPUL[f NmUVLf
NnYW U ?
T L .: L U m T Y u S ] F u \ F i Q
@lTPXRu LVeLs SPT\ Yim Fu\
VUm GpX. AR-p, @kR ]lu
NVXt\Y LPUL[ \Yt\Y U Fu\
Lsd BPpX . L_] LQdLo IYu Ss
Ym R] YXVl TlPm WjRPm
Nn LilTRLl TolTYdj Ru]m ,
@Y] BkR L_]p m TQjtm SUdm
NmTkRpX Fum DR] TYjPu LojjYUt\
U]jR VY]n Ru LUjR NYWf Nn
jRp Tu, BpX\ Om WWlRjR
(E r ] V ) @ N j L m R ] m T
LVeLp DR] TYjPu jR UjW]L UhU
BkLi TX LVeLs NnYWd m . LUm
O]jtm , O]m LUjtm TWvTWm RPVL .
T.: RuPV RL LeLp LjpXR BpX\ O
IY]p @Yu mTjtm, mTjRp @Ydm
Fu] WV_]m?
1
D.D., p. 211.
DXL Yr 111

TL .: RuPV RL T`Qp gjRm


Lj BpXRY]m , @lTlThP BpX\Ou
DZlTp @dmTj]o dL YiV WWlRm
@Yd BdUV]p @Yu @qRjp
TWTLVL BjRm m . BpX\YdLjRp
Od Fu] WV_]m Fu LhPp, @Yu GtL]Y
@kR BpX\YdLeL[f NR]ULd Li FpXR
WV_]eLu IhUjRU]m, L L UX]U]
O]l WV_]jRp WeN lR]L (\Y]
lt\Y]L ) AhPRp @Ru u]o @Yd
@kR BpX\YdLjRp (BpX\ SVd LPlTRp)
VR WV_]m YiYpX.
T.: BpX\ Yrp mTd LPULs @jRj
@LjR YiQdLp @YttPV AuL
NRLd jm DTNkm FqY Yndm?
TL .: O]jR Tt\ mTvRu R] mT
YLWeLp @TWUL CThlT Tu
TolTYoLd UhU YlTPVLj Rum .
Blm @kR BpX\ O DiUp Ium
NnVRY]LY Bd\u. ALY, @lTlThPYd
WjL[p jdm (@ L j Y m
LVeL[p AuU UN]jtm) TWQ Nkdm
m RPpX. G]p, BpX\ RoUm DhTP FpX
RoUeLm Ru] AfWjdu\]YVV
(@ i d u \ ] Y V u ) R ] R o U j R m
AfWjdLpX, Fu\ RjYjR @kRY]LVp
@Yu Ru] ARWULd Li SPdm YLWeLs
@qY[dm @UPu NhUjW]LY Bk
LilTu . 1

1
S.I., ch.II, 23, 24&25. cWUQ tWh, DTRNUgN, 242-44.
112 c WUQ ULu TuULs
YLV[o : Fu YLj RX hh JnYL ,
YRkR pL[l TlTp CTPXU?
TLYu : LQlT TsLs DeLd @VXn
RtNoTL BkYTY Fu\p, @RY DeLPk
Rj FeLeL BlTY Fu Ru]p ,
@Yt-k eLs X Jn T\Xm . A]p
@YV RjRY @pX. @Ytu Bld ARWm
eL[Ru , @RY DeLs FiQeL[Vu Y\pX.
ALY @Yt\ h X eLs Fem Tn JnYL
BdLV . YRkR pL[l TdLl T\u
FuoLs. eLs FjR]V YRkR pL[l Tjd
LiP TLXm. A]p @Y VYtu DsWf
NWUm Dus D\m AuUY @L FuTRjRu
TjRV Yim. AuUYl jRLeLp LQV.
DeLdLL eL[ @Rd LijRL Yim .
DeLs Ds[V LQlT\ YiVRu\ @.1
T.: U[]WRm DTVLU]R ?
T L .: AuU NUolTQU Ds U[]m ; @
@LkRVt YrYRm .
T.: NuVd GLkRm (R BVXU) @YVU?
T L .: GLkRm U]jp Ds[ . IYu L]
YLWjPm @UPu BdLXm. @Yu
FlTm GLkRYV. Ut\Yu Lhp YdLXm;
A]m U]jR LhP YLVt BlT]u, @Yu
Lhp GLkRUL BlTRLf NpX V . GLkRm
FuT U]ju Te . Y `VeLp Tts[Yu
FekRm GLkR\u . Tt\t\Y] FlTm
GLkRjXV Bd\u .2

1
D.D., p. 1.
2
M. G., I. p. 15. UL YnU, Td.12.
DXL Yr 113

BRum RVYY VRp , NLjp


BkYLp IYLp IRU] RUV
DiPdd Lsm Th U[]WRm
@xlTR TLYu WUQo @eLdLpX. fNXU]
U]U UnV] U]m FuTRV @Yo @j]o.
U]m NgNjRp YnTN U[]m LlTp TVu
GpX . FiQm , Tf BWiPm Ru YNjp
YjlTR RYlT\ .
RU S Lhtf Nu U[]m YlT olTkR
U[]m . Sh-k @YVU] @[Y TYm
U[]mRu ; @lT YdL @Pd AsYRp @
U[]U A\. T\Yo IYo Bdm TR]
Tf Lr\? @kR STo GR YXp CThkRp
Tf @Lm [mT. DiL U]m Y\o \p
tm @kdLp @jRLVo TN tTPo.
YdLp UuUm Tm U]VTWeL[d
\lTR U[] WRju SdLm. Y Rjp U]m
dWdLl Tt\p U[]WRm YiVpX; @lT
U[]m BVtLVLY Bdm.1
@qY\] U]lTdYm YndmYW , LoUjRd
LYmPd LP .
T.: FkR Vtm LoUmR] ? DXL YLWeLp
RPok CThkRp @jRLV LoUm LoU
hPVl TdUVu @ FlT O]
NRLUm ?
TL.: Su Fu\ @U]Utf NnRp, @d LoUm
jR jVm , @qYV GLdWjRm TVdm .
GLdWUU] Ds[jp DiU R] Xem.

1
T., 60. YN]mRm-1, Td. 78.
114 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T.: A]m, \ LoUeL[VpXm h, WkRW V]jp
CTRp Su\pXY?
T L .: Nn TojRp Rm . YN]Ls
( DsVpLs ) @Rt BPm LdL . YN]Ls
RVjRV, u @dWL TXjRp, TTL VtVp,
V]m UuUm Xdm.1
mTj RXYWL BkYk, RU lTV] mTd
LPUL[ UVL \Yt, RUdl \ mT
TWjR YdLjRdL YVYkR Tis[Ls Tt\ FYm
\ YrdL UtLs[Xm FuT NjW V] TiPV
BkV UW Fu\ Tm, @kXmP TLYu WUQo
FYodm RU IlRX @dL BNVpX.
T.: mT Yr N-jl TnhP; Urf BpX. Su
mTjtf NnV YiV LPULs Td GpX.
NnV YiVRVpXm NnR hP. TWu Tj
FjRhP . BlT Su mTjR Bk
YWXU @pX hPj \k YVPXU?
T L .: BlT Fe BdoL[ @eLV
BkYWjRu Yim. mTm FuT Fu]? VPV
mTUu k LiPp UX LhL YiV
Vm BW . eLs mTjp BdoL[ @pX
mTm DeLs Bd\R?
( Ls LhPYo Ium V dLY , TLYu
RPok TNX]o.)
TL.: R-p eLs Vo? l, L], dLm Fum
u XLm eLs BdoLs. emT mT
]Y Y FkR ]Y Ntm BpX ; ARXp
@lT BdLsLs FYpX . BlT eLs
BdoLs; mTm LQlT\; LsLs Fu\].

1 T., 80. YN]mRm-1, Td. 96-97.


DXL Yr 115

A]m , Bmu @YvRLm eLs IYW


BdoLs .
T .: BlT Su mT TkRjR BlTRp
UN]jd, AuU RXd YVd
Lh\u .
BRPV Ut\ TdRo, mTm FuT Fu] Fum
Wf]V Fl]o.
TL.: Am, Am. @RjRu RkLs[ Yim!
T.: Fu TLlT FoTojdm Fu U] UdL[
F] mTm. @YoL[l TLlT Fu LPU Fu
L\u .
TL.: BYs Fu U], BYoLs Fu UdLs, BYoL[d
LlT Fu LPU, BlT LPULs tl TthP]
FuTRpXm DU ]ldL[. DmUh @k]l
Ld BlT BpX. @k]ldL[ YiU]p
eLs Yjd Ls[Xm , @pX hPXm .
]ldL[ TkRm ; Bdm BPm T kRm AL .
]lTtjRX RX.
T.: @lTV]p, Su mTjR hp BkYWXm
FuTRLj ReLs YTp Ru\.
TL.: TkR UhNeLs YV BpX. SU AuU
DiUV U\k , ]lYV Nu TkR\Xm ;
@pX ( ]lt BPeLP ) V#XV u
uTm UtdLXm .1
RmUl uTtYo \ UodLm UtLsYR UL
WUQo IlTpX FumT, Gu @YW B[m YVp
DXLj \k mTUt\ YrY UtLiPo Fu
XNUVm LsLs FlThP] . @ F] WWlRm
(RX) Fu UhU YU] T-j]o. Be Sm
Iu\ @YVm ]t Ls[ Yim. DXL Yrp
DZu LidmTR AuU NWQPu
1
T., 524. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 215-16.
116 c WUQ ULu TuULs
IjNY] ]Vt\m RPWXm FuT S] LXjj
RYLd IjRY @Yo YjRjR Jo Y Am.
AuU O]jt @qY\] Y\Vu\ YlTRt
uTL @Yo R-p RU AuU @p BZk
@jPu NL_ vp XLiPo.
T.: BpX\ YrdL AuU ShPjtl TkRP
@pXY? O] pLs \YV Ytju\]Y?
TL .: BpYrdL , NmNWm FuTRpXm U]U .
BYV DXLU FpXm U]jRt\U. Su Ru DX
Fu DXLm DeLs u]p @lTpX. DXLm _m
Fu\p eLs emTm @ BkYWYim .
@qYpX FuTRp @YVm Ru U\Y]Y.
BYtt DiUV] Bl PV FuTRp, AuU
ShPjRp BY Vm IkTm. XjlT AuU
Iu\ . @SjUY AjUYLd L @YvRl
TPU-lTR \m O]Um .
T.: @lTV]p ReLs Gu YVXV hP h
JYkoLs ?
TL.: @ Fu WWlRm. FpXo YrdLl Tdm
@YWYo WWlRjR @NjR @Um. Fu WWlRm
BlT, DU WWlRm @lT !
T.: Sm BpYrYj \jRp SXUpXY?
T L .: DU WWlRm @lTVu @RlTt
AXN] LhLUho.
T.: ALY Su BpX\ Yrp BkLiP AuU
SX]l T\ Yim Fu @ojRm Ls[XU?
TL.: eLs AuUYLY BdoL[. @R] DQW
eLs Nnm Vt fNVm TV]dm .
T.: @qY\ TLYu @sV Yim.
TL.: Aa! TLYu Fum @VY\ Bd\o.1

1
T., 251. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 17.
DXL Yr 117

AWUjt YkT] HWlVo TXm, BkVo Xm


BRt SoU\] LsV FlVi. @RY, DXL
YrYj \dLXU Fu LhLUp, DXLjtj Rm
FqY DRYm Fu ]]o . DXLjp
BkLi, @RNUVm DXp IhR-u BlT #
YrdL SPl XV @Nj ]Vt YY
A]p @R NUVm Tt\t DsL AuL NWQp
CTY , # Fu\ TR] DXL YrY jl
TR[p Iel uYeYR AU RW GR
SP\p R[ TtlTRLd Pd Ls[VR
Xp , DXL SXu Th IYo Gm ]k
NVXtYRtpXV FuTR Ls. BRtL] TLYu
P , Ls LhTYu @Yt\Xl Tj
YqY\L @UkR. Ls FlVYo AuL VLl
k Ls[dVYo FumT TLYu WUQo
@u]W DsL kR]lTdp lYo.
T.: DXLm Gu @VUp rd Pd\?
TL.: R-p Sm NUfNWjR Sm TolTm. DXLm
@Ru NUfNWjRl Tojd Ls[hm. RLm SUp
DXLm Ru\ , LsLs Fu\] . AuUY
SUp , FpXU AuUUVU . AuUd @VXn
FU BpX.1
YLV[o : N L o j R m j j R e L s F u ]
]doLs ?
TL .: R-p Ru]j R] oTjd LsYp
LY]m Nj]p NL ojRm Ru]jR]
LYjd Lsm .2
Am , BqYLV] AhNTQ RlTo
TmTm TdV[oL[L # @RY LPs YThPYo
L[Lm YR jRkR NUVl ]oL[Lm

1
T., 363. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 96.
2
T., 282.
118 c WUQ ULu TuULs
BlToLs. @mUV] NkRolTeLp LPPm RmU
WQUL IlTPjd LsU TLYu WUQo
@YoL[l TlTo. @YoLs NnV YiVRpXm
BYV: AiPY]f NWQP; LPUVf Nn;
SmdLPu Yrp DU Te TV NqY]
At # BYV TU]Y . [Ld FYm
TlTpX .
TL.: DeL[ Iu Lh\u: AN IjRu Wp
Thp GdLs\u ; @Yu Ru TVQ hP
fdL[ FeL YlTu ?
T.: WpThl TXLp @pX XdLw Yp.
TL.: W-p TmT @Yt\j Ru RXp d
Yjd Ls[Y @pX Up Yjd Ls[Y
UhPu @pXY ?
T.: YLh] UPVuRu @qY NnYu!
TL.: @RdLhm AWm UPe UPjR]m, eLs
O] UodLULY @pX Td UodLULY AuLl
TVQjR UtLsLp DeL[ U]f UVm
LPUl TWeL[m eL[ Ref NpYRm !
T .: A]m, F] FpXl TlL[m
LPlTL[m LhP U ?
TL.: Lp LWm OTLd\R DeLd? @d
LWUem @]L DYf XLs TdLlThs[] ,
BpXV? RW, LW @UhPjp Su Xm
Su TV DYfXLs (Uihd L DVojj
ReYTp ) @Uks[] ; TojdoL[ ?
T.: RU !
TL.: WmT N. Su Np\u @kRl Tu]mTV
LWjR @kR Su XYeLsRm Rel j
tu\] Fu.
T.: @RlT m? @Y Ym @XeLW TmULs
R]! TLYu ReLs YRu Ts Fu]Y?
DXL Yr 119

TL .: Su NpXYY Fu]Yu\p , Yru


LYXLs , ULs , TlLs @]jRm eL[
Ref UlTRLd YRd Lhm LWjR @kR
@fXLs ReYRLd LY @qY[ hPs
R]U] @pX FuTR. WTgNju @TVm TWUNu
ULs FpXYt\m Re t\u. eLsRu @qY
ReYRL YU] LtT] Nn LsoLs. DU
TWeL[VpXm AiPYu NteLs . eLs
Fu]u] NnVYiU @Yt\ NV] RQjp
NnYRtL] LVLY eLs @UVl ToLs .
NnV Yim Fu\ V lTm DeLd BpXVp
DeL[p FRm NnVV Fu LtT]
NnLs[oLs . ]VtYRtL] Y-UVj
RY DU lToYm @pX . FpXm AiPYu
Y-UV Am.1
DXL XUVd j A\d LYX Li, @R]
AeLeL VYW oNnm lToYm Ds[ Xo
XNUVm LsLs FlYi.
Tp WiPu :* SdL \kR LXjp Sm Yrk
Y\m. DXL FoLXjRl Tt TLYu
FiQm VR?

1
p. xxvi, xxvii.
S.D.B.,
* Tp WiPu (1898-1969): WTX hx TjdLV[o. 1931-Bp
WUQfWUjt Yk ULVd Li , u]o 1934- Bp Rm
YhP (WLV BkVp Jo (AuLj) RPp Fu\ -u
Xm ULu LZ UX SLp TWlVYo . @YW
ULPm @lYjRYo cLg LUL NeLWfNVl
TVYo RYj NkWNLWkW NWvY YL[ FuTm
lPjRdL . u]j Rr FjR[m , AeX BXdV
LojRU] L. . YeLPWU (1891-1952) DPk WiPu
]dL[j Rm ULu PL[ AeXjm
UTVojRjRo .
120 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TLYu: YeLXjRl Ttd LYXlTY]u?
LrLX X Fu]Yu NYWj Rk LioL[
eLs ? LrY] jd LY]UL BeLs ; YeLXm
Ru]jR] LYjd Lsm.
Tp: Sh\m, TWvTW SpXiQm BqXp Wp
RZjl Lm LiTU @pX ToLm
ZlTeLm DXLm @k PdU?
TL.: DXL AsTYu AiPYu. DXLjRd LlT
@Yu Tl. YVLjRl TPj DoljRYd
@R FqY TY FuTm Rm. DXL TWjRj
ReTYu @Y]. eLs @pX.
Tp: A]p , tm LrY]Yt\ l Ylu
Sd]p @lTV ]RV[u T Pj
YYRL SmYRtpXV ?
TL.: eLs FqY\ @qY\ YVLm. DmUl
TtV @k Ls[Up DXLjRlTt @V
tTYRp Fu] TVu? TiUV Sm NRLoLs
BkRd LsV FlY]u? BmUV] ]dLp
_]eLs ReLs NdV WVm Nnu\]o . R-p
DUdl u]p U\kdm DiUVd Li
eL[u ! DXLju Jo @mNU eLs .* DeL[d
LiLiP \ DXuu U\ks[ DiUVl
k Lsm XV FhoLs.1
uYm LrY RYW_ R-Vo RU PVp
lhs[o :
Pv AKl KlPm (RXu Ut\YiQ
) Fu\ @ Tu\ RXlX Rm Fs[

* Be TLYu eLs Fu\ TRjR @LkR Fu\ @ojRjp


WVd\o FuT LYdLjRdL . UnV] AuU , DXu
Jo @mNm @u. @qYuUY DXLj Rtdm GLjU
Am .
1
R.M., p. 155.
DXL Yr 121

jRLjt UL WUQo YrjW YZeLYim Fu\


LdLPu IYo Yk NokRo. Y\Yo LW
FR YdLjlTRLm , TLYu I X YLp
Am Yrjf Nnm YZe]p Tm Fu
TPu Yi]o . Rm FkR dm ITm
YrjW @jRpX, ALY @R @kSTo FoTodL
XL Fu TLYu [dm YkRYo YRL BpX.
DPkR Su dh, @qY RPok YtjY
Q FuTR WUlTh @j]u . A]p
YkRYW @RVj , RsV AuL @WdLL
Bq YVLm Ge t\ . BkVf Yo Vm ,
B[Oo DXLm BLm NYWl TtdLl
TPpX . G]p @YoLd NUV @ LhPl
TYpX Fu\pXm XmTj RPehPo . Su
@YWf Nt\ AYNlTj, I STo DXL ojR
VtlTRt u]RL , Ru Vo ? FuTR R-p
RkLs[ Yim; @Ruu]m DXLl ]WUdL
Yim Fu\ lToYm @Ydj RPok
BdUVp @qY\] Vtp CTPXm FuTR
TLYu WUQu TR], Fu [dLm ]u. A]p
@kSTW YRjRj RPoYp ]kRo .
SpXY[VL YRTWVQ SWm Se hPRp
YRjR jd Ls[ SokR.1
T .: L x P l T m D X L j R o d Su DTLWm NnV
YiVpXV ?
TL.: Du]l TPjR NdV DXLjRm TPjR.
Du]d LlTtm @kR ULNd @qY\ DXLjRm
LlTtm . LP[ DXLjRm xjlTRp
@Rd LlTtYm @Yo Tl; Du YXVu.2
BqY\m, BkR P UPu uTeL[d Li
BWdLuUVm, DQofVt\ RuUVm lTRL
@ojRm Ls[XL. Bu]Yod DRY tTY
1
D.D. p. 200.
2
M.G.I., p. 34. UL YnU, Td. 34.
122 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@YVU . Am @qR URU]jPu
@dLlTP YiV Iu\m. GR Rm LQ YRL
Fi BUlPu DRY uYYRu P. uYm
YNLm BR]j Rs[j RV [d\.
T.: A]m , Sm BqXp YR] LrL[d
LiPLd Li\m . IYu TVp Y\u .
@ DPp NokR YR] FuTRu]U DiURu.
A]p @Y] TV _Un DQok TRd\u.
@Yu @YYRd Lim FpXm Jo L]TX
Fu Sm Y[k YR?
TL.: O]m @pX UnmU Fu\ Sdp DXLU
Jo L] Fu\T eLs V YR] Lrm
fNVUL Jo L]Y Am. eLs jW NnmT
BlT I NlT]m Y\ Fu Yjd LseLs.
@RY, eLs L]p TV BdoLs. Ut\YoLm
TVp YYRd LioLs . eLs TV\f
NloLs. u]o TfNRTm U-h , TVp Ym
Ut\YoLdm DQ @doLs. BkRd L] dm
YWp @kRl T , YR]Ls Vm _mTXY
Ruu\] , BlT BqXp eLs LiPLl
Todm uTeLs Tu ! LijRkR u]W
LiPY Vm L]Y, UnVpX FuTR DQooLs .
eLl TYRt u]p eLs Y\\ DQ
@kdLXm. A]m L]p eL[ GR Lm
Y-p SsWm L]Un DZjd L[jhP
TXm, T Yt\d sYTXm Ru\. \
jRkRPu, @P! Y Wmd\; TdLV
h @NVYpX ; FpXm L]Y Fu RV
Y\. BRVpXm Gu NpX Y\u Fu\p, L]
Li LidmT DeLdl T FlT
DiUVpXY Fu\ YLp eLs L]p SPkLs[
BVXRpXY? L]p GtTm TV L]#DQYp Atd
DXL Yr 123

LsoLs . L]p DmU BlTYoLm TVp


YYRd LiPp @YoLdm @kRd L] oYU]
DQY @dLjRu Yim. L], S] AV BWi
XL[ eLs ITm Iu\Ld LXdL V .
@RTu, UnV Ru, @qY BkR U]UVdLU],
XuL[p DQWjRdL @NRWQ DXum jR\
YWp \o uTeL[j PdL NN NY Nn
YWjRu Yim . Bkm , @qY\] NYV
@LeLWm @tl Rp Yim # @RY , BRf
NnTYu Su Ru Fu\ AQYUtf NVXt\ Yim.
U\L, Su LPu LlTYV @u Y\pX Fu\
DQo UXeL Yim. @RTu, F]dd rlThP
IYd Su DR Nn\u ; @Yd DR
RYlT\; Su DR m Xp D[u. Su
DVokRYu , @Y] RrkRYu FuTR] RtTU
TWhPXL . UdLs NYV ULNu NY Fu\
U]lTuU JeLYim . @qY\] TLs Vm
AuU NYV Am ; Y VdL Nnm NY
@pX @. VdL DRYpX. eLs DeLdL DR
Nn LsoLs.1
AuU NR]p Rn UtLsTYoLs @WVp
SPYdLLp CTYR TLYu TYL EddL
UjRo .
T.: RNTd LsY SU LPUVpXY?
TL.: mU BlT UjWU Du LPU. BYLY
@YLY BlT Du LPUVpX. Ym @vRY
(Bd\u FuTR ) Su FuTp DiU Ym
@Ped Pd\. mU B FuTR DTVju NWm.
mU FuTRu Ts Fu]? Du]d Lp (@RY,

1
D.D., p. 80.
124 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Su
Fm @LkRV Unj AuU @Up
NUk) FuT @Ru DhTs. SUTm IqYum
uTjtL LWQm . Su , Su Fu\ vWQV
AuU; Su B FuT @LkR. Su S]L BlT
AuU ; @Ru dL Tnk S , S] Fu\p
@ @LkR .1
Am, @WV-p CThPYoLs TLYu WUQWd Li
TmT @YoLPm @WVp Yrp Ru]Xm Roj,
NY oYU] NWQL ]lPu RPok TVt
YWXU Fu YU] @W YZeYR jd
LsYo.
_m]Xp T_w: BkV VWwVm @PV Yim F]
mY NR]?
TLYu: Ru SX]l TtV @qlTm F\
Fu\ Tm, @kR XhVjR Sd u]mT,
SdLm YPk RN SX]V TRLd Lm
Xp @kR @[d @LkR \\ . VWwVm
Fm Sh SXp Ru]Xm Ue U\Y mTjRdLR.
G]p , @qY\] xLmV LoUjRp 2 @LkR
Rnu\ .
T_w: FqY[Y VLjPu TTh @PVlTm VWwV
jp IYo lm Urfm @PYp
NLupX Fu ]d\u.
TL .: I TV LVjp CTmT , GR Jo
UaNd @R SPjd\ Fum YLjPu SmU
@RPm Iljd Ls\m . FpXU @m
UaNdu BVdLm , @]jm @Ru NVp Fu
DQoYUV]p, RlThP \p Sm FlT Ytp

1
p. 34. UL YnU, Td.
M.G.I., 34.
2
TX] FoTWR NVp .
DXL Yr 125

UrY? YtT\ Yim Fu\ V SdLjRmPj


Roj @lTp NUolTQ jPu CThPp @
xLmV LoUm F]jRm.
Ls : ULjU Lku V LXjXV BkV
RkWm @PU?
TLYu: RkW BVdLju RXYWm ULjU LkV1
BjRLV FiQeL[t, LP[ U]jp Bj AiPYu
BhP YlT Ru]Xm u NVXt Y\o .
SuVt StTV]V Spm . [YlTtd
LYXlTPUp , NnTYu Su Fum @LkR
DQofUt, I LUjWUn BVed LidL
Yim. @lTR Vtu lTVm R] hm.
BRu RV Yrp CTTYoLu U]lTuUVL
BdL Yim.
Ls : Sh SX]d Ljp Li @RuTh
SeLs TVt\Xm @pXY?
TL .: R-p DeL[lTt LY]m NjeLs .
Ut\Y Ru]XV RPm.
Ls: FeL[l Ttj RlThP \p TNpX .
Shu SX]Vh ]\m .
TL.: R-p NUolTQ U]lTePu FdLVjRm
@eLs . @qY\] NWQP BuUVpRu
NkRLeLs Fu\] . TWQ NWQL U]lTuU

1
YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 196. (W_kW WNj, _m]Xp T_w
T., 502.
AV BYm 1938 A L v h 14- A m R W U Q f W U j p
BkRT T_w ]V LsLs BY ) . WUQ ULV
ULjU Lk FqY[ DVoYL UjRo FuTRtl TX NuLs
Ds[]. `eLoXp TeLo, T W_kW WNj, _m]Xp T_w
Tu\ @dL NLdLs FYWm U]dZlTm @pX Ds[f
No YVlThPp , Lk @YoLPm WUQfWUm Nu I
URm Rehj m YeLs Fu Yi (ARWm :
LXdPh Yodv AKl ULjU Lk , Rl 64, 67&70).
126 c WUQ ULu TuULs
YXn TWt\p To . @qYt\-u RWjtj
RdLY rXm UmTm .1
TYjXV YSPYdLLp CT LiPYoLs,
Rm DRY Zm \ SToLs FuTo AuL VL
BpXR Iu Fu\ ArkR DiUV DQoY UjRd
L]m. @jRLVo I LsV FlYoLs, FYm
@YWYW AuU O]jR SY Jo Rjp VSXm
@u\? Fu. A]p AuU NR] UtLsYp
@YWYo Fu\ YojRdL BPm BpX FuTm, VSXjR
UhUpX, Su Fm ]lTm @LkRV @V
@jRYR AuU ShPju @lTP FuTm
UtNu]od [eYpX. ReLs Gu Eo EWL
_Vm Nn ReLPV DTRNjRl TWlT tTPpX?
Fu TLYu WUQW SWVLd LhPYoLm Di.
T.: cTLYu EWLf Nu _]eLd Gu NjVjRl
TlTpX ?
TL.: Su @Rf NnVpX Fu DeLd FlTj
Rm? UPR _]eLd DWjR W-p DTkVNm
NnYRu TR]V? TR] FuT @ LhY.
@jVjU RjYjR [dYRtl TfNd Lhm
U[]U \kR NR]m . IU SWm WNeLm
Lhh , @R]p Ru YrY UtdLs[
YiUum D\R I UR]lTt eLs Fu]
]doLs? I TjR Nkp @Uok, SWjp
R] YrdLu SdLm WU U\l Ttl Tm
Y\Y] @Y] Ilhl TeLs! BqWip
F SpX ? TVu DWdLl WNeLm YR , @pX
U[]Un @Uok AjU NdV Fem TWlYR?

1
X LeWv EVoLs 1938 NlPmTo 28-Am RVu
T., 521.
ULV RdL YkRT @YoLs FlV B ]dLs
BY - YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 213.
DXL Yr 127

Um , Tf FlTl \d\ ? jR @-k


@LkRm, @LkRu FiQm, @Ru YojR
Lm DiPu\]. ALVp, TfNuT AXju
Lsl TWu . Ym TfNp TViPU]p
U[]jRp WNelT FqY[ UX] Nds[R
dL Yim FuTR eL[ ]jl TeLs.1
IYo Tm AjU O]U @Yo Ut\YoLdl
VdV LlTV DRVLl TVuTPjRdL FuTR
j HVlT FlYodm TLYu P @jRo.
TLYu WUQ ULV @Rt Jo XT\] Nu\Lj
LrkRo @u\ ! @u]oRm @s fu At\p
GW[U] UdLu Ds[jR AdLj DiTi ,
U]d ZlTj-km LYXL-km hj ,
Nkm U]jRm \kR TRp @YoL[j
lV. Blm, @R NUVm UnV FnYRt
YVo FYm DRYRtpX FuTRm @Yo
@j]o .
T.: Fu ^bjLWj]p (AuU @Vp ) \d
GRY @Xm DiP?
TL .: Am . fNVUL Di . @Ru DjRUU]
TWTLWm Am . A]p , @eL DRYRtLu
@kVo VpX. SLLs FjR] RUm Tu
IuR] ! @lTjRu @kRYd AuU Iu\
[em . DPm SUp YqY SUTeLs
Rum. DPp SUpX Fu RshPp, DPQoY
@uVo Fum TR jm Ikm.
T.: UWm , N LLs R-V TPlLu `Vm
@lTjR] ?
TL .: Ru]h FYVY Bdu\]Y Fu
To . @Yt\ Sm Li\m FuTm ]lT .

1
T., 285. UL YnU, TLm-1, @j. 2 (TdLm 13).
128 c WUQ ULu TuULs
]lT AuUPm ENXm Jo LtT]. ]l
Fek F\ Fu LYjRp , ]lT FZ !
AuU UhU g tm.
T.: ReLs NpY RjY Vn jd Fh\ .
Am RoN]jp @Y Vm Bk Li
R] Bdu\]?
TL .: Am , Am . FpXU I UlTPd Lh
TXYRu . Wu YfNjp ZthPeLs
Ju\]. U Todm hPj]m W LhPl
TYRL Yjd LsYm . @lT , LiTYm
Lhm W Rm Rt\UVm. Sm Lm DXL
DiUd Lhp SU (WkRWUdm) W; @LkR
SmPm Lm Jo LtT] . @kR @LkRPm
UidPdm NmvLWeL[ ( YN]L[/Ds[okR
BVpL[ ) Dm DXm, Uim UWm , LQlTm
@]jm k U]jWp Ruu\]. DiUp
BY VU AuUu Zp# L[Vu Y\pX .
AuUY Sm Fu DQokRp , Fem FlTm
FpXm AuUYVm. AuUYj RW Rj Y
FU BpX.1
Tj ShPlTtl TX jRLeLs Fs[ WTX
XVo BYuv # Yihv FuTd BR Ts
[dLlThP .
BYuv#Yihv : Tju GLkRjp ULuLs TXo
BlTRLm, @ekRY\ @YoLs DXt SuU
NnLilTRLm Np\oL[ , @RlT?
TLYu.: @ NjVkRu. AjU NbjLWU Y
NLjt Sm NnVdV \kR DTLWm. SdLhp
BkYkRm ULuLs WkRWUL VYodm DRVL

1
T., 13. YN]mRm-1, Td. 7.
DXL Yr 129

BlToLs. A]p, GLkRm Lh SXRu Bd\


Ru Sm FiQdP. VYLW SdLPm,
_]jWsdL SLo Sm GLkRUdLXm.
BYuv : U L u L s U d L [ L X k T Z SuU
NnVYim FuT @YVm BpXV?
TL.: AuU Iu\ DiU; DXm \Y]m @pX.
R]d @VXL DXLm IulTRL @Ou LRUhPu.
BYuv : YLLd RVUX ULuLs RU
BVpTV] @l WYLjRp @YoL[
DjRjd Lid\oLs Tm !
TL .: Am . YV RVhPm , ULuLu
NLVm FlTm Ds[R. Y NLjtj RVUXV
TVoLs Fum FlTm FpXodm DRVY\
Bd\oLs .
BYuv: @YoLs \Pu LXk TZ]p Bum Su\L
BdU ?
TL.: LXlTRt @kVo FeL Bd\oLs? Ds[
Ts AuU Iu\; @RjRW Y\um BpX.
BYuv : AuU OLs To BkRp , DXt
TVRo SuU DiPUpXY?
TL .: AuU FumT FpXpXR NTm
lPlT\ . eLs BjR] To Fu LQdm
TR @LiP TYm l T\. A]p,
DiUp Ds[T BlT @LiPjU NTm
Iu\. @R] DQokRo @Y AYo; @eL @Vp
Gm BpX .
BYuv : @YWYodV LoUjR TtR-u NnV
Yim, NmTp P Fu TLYjRp \l
Thd\R . @R] LoUVLm ?
TL .: \lTTY Vm LhTYu D[lTeL
@Nj DsYeLlT\ .
130 c WUQ ULu TuULs
BYuv: YlTPVLl TVtYR DTVLUum,
RjlTU]p DTLWm IupX Fum
UpShPo ]du\]o. BkRl WU e @YoLs
Fu\m RYPYoL[ ?
T L .: UpShPo rShPo FpXm SU
U]jRVu Y\eL Bd\oLs? R-p SmU Sm
Rk LsYm; \ FpXm R] Rm. L]p
FjR]V ToL[l Tod\m . jRu
@YoL[l Ttd LYXlT\U ? 1
AuU UnmUV DQok RuX u\u ,
\jR FRf NnRm NnVm R]
BlTXV DXL]jtm Lf \kR \p
DRdLiP BlTY]Yu .2

1
T., 20. YN]mRm-1, Td. 19-20.
2
T., 210. YN]mRm-1, Td. 208.
@jVVm Su
SRo

O]m jlTRt jR @lVNm UhU TR .


I YLhm @YVm Fu RuRhl TYL
@VlT\ . Y\kR `VeL[l TXY BkRd
LhThtm TLYu WUQo AZm dL @ojRm
@jRo. DiUp, Dus[ D\ks[ GSRo
Fm vRYd LhThtm, TNjY#U]XVm
Fm jRURd LhThtm NWmNjp IjRY\
@YW [dLm @UkR.
TdRu: u @u IYo AuU @ T\ UhP
Fu TLYu ReLs UksoLs. @qYu
NhTU] Ts V? FuTYo Vo?
TLYu : UnV DnjQm TRu Sdp
NpXlT]p, DeLs UnYV AuU @V
O]ju @fN X . @ Su , Su F] eLs
dLsm @LkRum tm YThP .
T.: F]RV] BVp XV DQm DfNd LhPU
AuU @ Fu\T , Su @R] Ys
Bu @PV BVX Fu TLYu FkR @ojRjp
\o ?
TL .: @LkR Fm RjRuU , AuUum
RlThP Tn. URu @LkR NokR YVL Yrp
@l U-h, Ru DndL] Un LQ Ds[okR
TdPu AiPY] YTmT LP[s Ru\j
RPe\ . LPs Dp TdRdj Ru ,
NjVjRl Tj Ru BQdLjRp @Yu jRjRf
jRm Nn\o. TdRu U]m TXUPk @kRoLlT\.
ALY, FuTYo LP[u UP D, @pX
NRLu AuUY YLU] Yp LQlTTYo
132 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Fu\ @ojRm Rd\RpXY? A]p Ls FlVYo
UtT T-p lVPVpX . G]p , TLYu
WUQdL UP SRo Vm BkRpX FuTm, UR
vRTLoLs TXdm Y X OVodm FYm
BkRpX Fu\ YWXt DiUm @Ydj RkR
`VU. ALY LsV Um RPokRo.
T.: A]m, X AuL ANuLd Fu Vm
BkRRLj RVpXV ?
T L .: DiURu . lhP X ULuLd ,
@u]u Ds[jR Im AuUu TWVLY
LPs RmUd LijRs[o .1
TLYu WUQdL BkRpXV Fu @YW
YlTPVLd LhPYoLm Di. FuTYo UR
DXRu @UV YiUu\ @YVm PV
Fu TLYu UU TLokRo.
c WUQu TR]Vj RLYXL UhU TjRkR
TXo, @YVpX FuTR WUQ ULu ol
Fu\ LjR uYdu\]o. BRt [dLUL, @YW
FYWm SVpX , hN* T\pX FuT
UhUpX , RUd hN YiPm Fu PUL
UR-jhPYo FuTRm hd Lhu\]o. WTX
BNd LXOm, c@WkRu TdRU] l Uo
Wn WUQfWUm YkkRT Fv . Fv . Lau
lTj FYjs[ uYm DWVPp BR]j
RTjm :
l : RYpX Fu UL YRL Xo
@lWVlT\oLs. Y TXo FoU\Ld
\oLs. ULu jRm VR?
T L .: @YVpX Fu Su ITm
Nu]pX .

1
S.D.B., V, vi.
* u ToY , DTRNm R-VYt\p DQojRlThj RPe
YdLlTm AuL YrdL S .
SRo 133

l: ReLd Vm BkRpX Fu c@WkRo


@dL l\o .
TL.: Vo FuTRl TjR @. Fu\p
UR DXRu BdLYim FuTm BpX .
RjRjWVd BTj Su UoLs # BVtLj
RjYeLs R-V] DhTP TXY] @YW O]Vo L[m.
@Ru DhTs, DXp LQlTm FkR DYl TYm
@YW YLY @UkR FuTR. LhPVm RY.
U] LWeL[V BiP Y]kRWj -k UR]
dL IYWp UhU NjVUm Fu
DT`jLs DQoju\]. ALY , BdLjRu
Yim.
l: Su NpY UR YY] YlTt. ULVm
ReLd @qY I BkRpX.
TL .: Gu ? FlTRY I NUVm F]dm
BkdLXm . @QNX]j jl TWeLs
Td\u. Fu\p Fu]? CNu @pX AjUY
. URu Ru lTeLs \Y\d LP[
Yi\u. @l\m Jo X F\. AN \dL]
YT uTn, AiPY]V Vd\u. @lT
LPs @Yu u GR I Dp LhVd\o # UR
DYjX @pX Y YYULY Ru, @Yu
WojR]dQeL RU Y[n YLh\o.
cTLYd FYm BkRpX Fu YkRYo
UjWjR TRu FuTYo UR Dp
BdLYiV @YVm BpX Fu @Yo [dLm
@jRo. @qY UR YYjp BpXR YnlT
L @oYU] LrYLY BdLdm Fu
@UdL Bq[dLm BPUd\.1

1
R.M., p. 143. (cWUQm AuLl TRm Td. 260-61. Rt Tl,
1996; BWiPm Tl, 2001. RZdLm: X. . WeLW_u).
134 c WUQ ULu TuULs
BkR `VjRl u]o mTm Fjd LsYm.
RnYm, , AuU AV um Iu\ Fu\ tu
ELjR Be DP]Vn LYlTm. NRWQ @ojRjp
FuTYo DTRNm Utm hN YZeL @LRs[
TiRo F]Xm . @qY hN YZeYRtL]
vR]jR YdLj Rs[ TiRo R-p P
AWLQjtLL YdLlThs[ NPeL[l oj
NnYRYWL BdL YiV NvV VUUm # FkR
ANVm NUVf NPeLdLL dLlThs[
Y\L[VhV @kRkRf NPeL[ SPj YdLd
LPUlThs[o FuTRl Tu\ B. vYjp
RlTR DU @dLlTt\ TVo DWVtm
WojR]f NTV RLPV . @kRl TVWd
Lhm UX] RoL SoUm UhTm YnkR
Y\Yo \lT TRLWL VU]m TtWu
@u]o WojR] SPjYdLj RVt\YWLY A\o.
LilTL BRTu, SRo FuTYu @LWm
@jRhm @Yo A] Pjp Y\VL
@UojRlThPYW FuTRl TjRR RW, @u]W
AuL NR]f \ldL[l TjRRLd LRl
TYpX. TLYu WUQW FuTd BqYLV]
NvV NPe NokR Ts [dLjp m @dL\
LhPUp BkYkRo . Fm , @Rd jd
LhPTR \lT DTRNm TYRV Il]o.
T.: DTRNm T\Up, FlTV LtdLiP UkWeL[
_dLXU? @R]p TXu DiP?
TL.: LiPT UkWeL[ _dLdP. UkWjR
DfNdL VdVR Yim ; DTRNm Tt
_dLYim; @lTRu @R]p SuUiPm .1
BqY TLu\ TLYu, @R [dm YLp
uYm LRVd ]o : ISs I W_ R]
Uku ULd _Vm NnRo . @lT @Yo

1
T., 8. YN]mRm-1, Td. 3.
SRo 135

_ @\p UkW _Tm Nn LilTRLl


TVhLs NpXY , @Yo _Tm j YYRtLL
@WNo LjkRo .
_TjR jd Li Uk YkRPu @WNo
LhPo . Fu] UkWm _joLs ? LVj UkWm
F u \ o U k . F ] d m @ k R U k W j R d L t d
LeL[u Fu @WNu LhPT Uk TYPdLj
Pu , Su @R] Ut\Yod YZeL @LRVt\Yu
Fu Rhd LjRo . @WNu Um YtjRpX .
@Ru\ XShLp Y VPkR @kR
UkWjRd LtdLi , @jR RPY UkV
@WiU]p NkjRT, Ru Lt\ UkWjR
DfNP]m Nn Lh , NVLf Np\] ? Fu
]]o . @Rt Uk , DeLs DfNP]m NRu ,
A]m eLs @kR UkWjR _lT DRUpX
FuWjRo . G]? Fu @WNu ]]o . DP]
Uk, @-kR Jo LYXVd lh,
@WN]d L Nn ! Fu DjRWhPo . @Y]
Llt @qjRWd TVpX . mTj mT
DjRWhm LYX @NV Y[kRu. Ru]d
L NnU U[d BkR Ukd FqY[ o
Fu W_d YkRR LTm! BkR UkVd L
Nn Fu @WNo AdW`jPu DjRWhP
UjWjXV LYX UkVd L Nn
XehPu . Uk jRo . Nu]o: @WN , eLs
Gu F u L h o L [ @ R t L ] [ d L !
@RlT ? Fu LLjRo @WNo .
FqY\u]p, DjRW Iu\Ru. @R \Yt
TYm @R LYXRu. A]p @LWm YlTYW
YqY. Su DjRW BhPT @Rtl TXpX ;
A]p eLs @R DjRW BhPT DP]VLl TXu
136 c WUQ ULu TuULs
hV. BRTuRu UkW DfNP]m Fu\o Uk
UkRLNjPu . 1
YZdLUL, Fu TLYu lLp @lTRju
TY] @ojRjRd Lhm L L DVokR, tm
Y\] Iu\l TtV Fi]o . @kR DVom ,
YTm u UlTV RWjRV NokR @u;
jYju RuUVl TtVR Am. @RY, Nj#
@pX RYo Fu\ Np-u @fN [dLjRV
@Yo @j]o # AuUp Ru UnXV DQok
@jV DQop BPP BZk tm IYW
\kR RYWm.
T.: Ntu R BVp V?
TL.: AuU NTjp vW XPU , @TR
xPU (R]dm \odPV YTLQ,
LiTY Vm Iu\ Fu\ Sd ), Ru UhU
O]m @pX d kjRYu, Ru]f ts[o
@gO] Bp Lhi PlTYoLs Fu\
FiQj-k UV] T , FlTm
FqPjm Fd LWQjRm LXeLR WPU
AVYV Ntu BVpL[m.
T.: YZem DTRNju dV BVp V?
TL .: DTRNm FuTRt So Ts NT BPm
FuTRm. @RY, Nj#j#A]kRm Fm BXdLQeLs
FR]l WTdu\]Y @qXdLQeLu
BXdVl T[V , (R] vYTY) Xum
t, NR DXLVR `V TQUeLp di, L
dLeL[p @Thj R[oYnm Y]V P]
@eM]m @LXYhP FlTm RuXp
@TRULl TkRf NnRX DTRN BVp.

1
T., 8.
SRo 137

Utm , NnUl T[ @iUt LhPp


FuTm DTRNjtl Tkm . @RY , F Y
RXm, RuPk @kVULm (YThs[
RLm) Ds[ Fu P]p LRlTu\R, @kRl
TWlmUm NTULm, @]uVULm (@kVUtm)
Ds[ FuTR DQojYR DTRNm F]Xm.
T.:#X FuT AuU XV Fu\p , FjRLV
UX] TiR]m , @U R-V jdLs*
LYWlTt\ jR]L Blm LPhNjRXu
( @hToYu) AuU j T\ V Fu
NjWeLs hPYhPULd YRu LWQm VR?
TL .: TWUojLjp ( UV] UnXp )
X FuT Ru ( AuU ) XV Fu\Tm ,
@gO]jRp YjYUPks[ AuUd
LPhNm BpXUp vYTY (Ds[ Ds[TV]) X
[eY @RLVp @eM]m \lT\ .1
DPp Ds[ IYoRu YL BdLdm
FuTpX .
TL.: FuTYo FlT BdLYim Fu eLs
FioLs? UR Dp DPXUlL[ VYo,
Bu] \m LiPYo Fu\pXm ]doL[ ?
UngO]m Tt\ \ I Po Ru Yl Tk
TLu\o : BlT F]d FpXm YhP YfNU
hP. F] LPkR _uU _uUeLp WkRWU] ,
Iu\V] UnmUVL F] Ds[okR BRVjR

* @U (@YlTX jRp), UU (BUVm TXl TjRp),


LU (LmTu TXd L]jRp), XU (Lt\lTX U-Rp ),
WLVm ( hd TnRp ) , CNjYm ( CN]l TX
T\t\p TRp ), YjYm (RuYVlTjm At\p) AVY.
1
S.I., ch.I, 1-4. cWUQ tWh, Td. 226-27.
138 c WUQ ULu TuULs
ReL[ LiYkdoLs ; BlT Fuu
UP Yp Ru F] @gO]l ToYV
@LtsoLs . BjRLV ULjR] SuUV
F]dLjs[ ReLd Su Fu] LmU
NnVdm? @RdLhP , LmU Gm NnV
YiVpX. DQoks[ DiU Xp Xj
u\X TU] Fu Nu]Wm. BY NokR
UnX . 1
RnL YLhVm DiUV] , I STu
BRVjRm BkLi @RNUVm SWm
YlTjd Lhd Ls\o . WjVhN
( YVs[ ) @kSTu U]jR DsLULj
l\o. Ds[ D\ks[ Y @kSTu @LL
kRV UuUm DsSd Bd\o . IYd
@Um rXVmP GR RtNVX] Lr
@pX . RYW IYu AuU ShPjt DLkR
ZX DiTi\o.
T.: T FuT Fu]? @R]p AuU FlT
DiPm ?
TL.: FuT AuUY Am. X Y[Lp
URu DXL Yrp Ds[Rd Li lVPVUp,
U]d\ U-h, Ru ANLs UuUm \Y\d
LP[l Wojd\u . _ RX]Y Nn\u .
BkR VUeLu Xm @Yu U]m WUUL jRUP\.
DXL ANL[l oj Nn Lsm U]lTuU
UpX UpX X , @Ytt UXLd LP[ @V
m\u. @lT LP[s Ru\ AWmd\ .
LPs DdLi TdRdj Ru, NjVjRl
Tjj Ru BQdLjRp @Yu jRjRj jRm
Nn\o . BqY jR j Tm TdRu U]m
1
D.D., p. 75.
SRo 139

TXUPk DsLlT\ . V]jRp @ Bum


@kRWeL j YndLlTt , m @XYtf mU
t\. UnQoYm @kR @UV] ALNU AjU.
Ym Ds[o; Dsm Ds[o. Y-k,
U]m DiLUmTj Rs\o. Dsk U]jRj
RuYNm Bj , @R @UVL YjdLs[
DR\o. BY T F]lTY . RnYm , ,
AuU BY um Iu\Vm.
T.: WmUO] NeLj]o RmU YSPjYRtL] Yj
R V]m Nn\oL[?
TL.: Ds[ Bd\o. @Yo Yp UjWm
Bd\o Fu\ RlTiQjRj odm ThP
V]m. eLs Rm DeLd @VXL BkRp
@Yo U\kY fNVm . @qY Ru U\m
]p TVu Fu]? eLs RVYu Fu\ DPm
Fu\ L\YWp DeLd Y IYo
RYV. @Yo DPmPu LQlTYo. Ru] DPXLd
Lm Tn okRp , AuUd @VXtd
LQlTYo .
T.: AuU O]m @PV DR NnYW?
TL .: DU LVl jd Li Lp
JYW? eLs FlT BdoL[ @lTV m
BlTRL eLs Fid Ls[Xm. DeLd DPm
BlTR]p @Ydm DPp Bd\Rum, DeLd
@Yo GR WjVhN @Xm NnYWum eLs
LoLs. A]p @YW YX @kRWeLjp AuU
NmTkRU] .
T.: Yd LiTRlT?
TL.: NoY VVV (Fem \kR) CfYWu Ru
TdRu LQ ok, TdRu TdYjdj RdLT
@s # DdLi Y\o . TdR] Y URu
140 c WUQ ULu TuULs

Fu ]j , BWi T[L NWeLdm NmTkRm


Ltjd Ls[l Tod\u . A]p , TWUjUYV
CfYW] UR DYm Re Yks[ , Dsk
BYu YLp Lm ZL[j jd Ls[ DR,
AuUY @mYW NV] UodLjp @Y]
YSPjf Np\o .
T.: @lTV]p TdRu NnVYiV Fu]?
TL .: YojRuT SPk , Ds[ DZdL
Yim . Dsm \LUL BlTRp eLs
DiLlTP @XU] vV GtTj , DeL[
UVjt BdL @Yo DiLjRm RVo Nn\o.
BqY eLs Ds[jp Su X tmTh @Yo
Y-k DeL[ Dsdj Rs , Ds-km
Bjd Ls\o. DeLPV NkR VtVp DXLjR
YuPXU] ]doLs . DeL[ Y
VtVpXm Q Ds[ Ie\T, A! UR]
@dWjR I Nd Bd\ Fu DQooLs.
@LkR @PdLlTPUhPR I URV]. eLjRj
RW Y FR]m @R @PdLV. @kR eLU
. @YPV IW ToY BkR URV]VV
@LkRV SSeLf Nn Lu \ .
LXdWUjp , Ru Fm UUR @kR BPjXV
DeLPV _ UU Ds[ FuTR DQooLs. @kR
XV @PV eLs AjU NUolTQm NnV Yim.
@lT DeLPV TdYUk DeL[
YSPjYo . 1
FuTYo LPu @pX AuUu YlTP]
WLN]U Fu YRu RjTVm Fu]? TLYu WUQo
FlTm @jYR LiQhPjXV T]o. @kR

1
M.G., I. p. 35-37. UL YnU, VII, Td, 35-37.
SRo 141

SdXV TdRm YLhPlT\u. AuU O]m


Tt\Yo ; T\RYu Pu # BY @qYodPV
Ds[ jVNm.
TL .: AjUTYm YiUu m\Yd
@YVU. AjUY . B XVV YR
j BkYm YW, @R @Lt\j Rs[ Yf
NoRp BVpT. AWmTjp Pu Ru]m Ru Ym
DPp YPu NmTkRlTjd Ls\u . A]p ,
Pu TZLl TZL, Rm m DPXt\ IW AjU
NTm Fu DQo\u . @kRl WQ DQoY
AuU F]lTY .1
SU @VUVp , Ym SmUlTu\ I
UR VdVL L\m . A]p @YW Ru]
@qY LYpX; WLWvYTULY (DYm Gm
@t\YWLY ) Fud\o . SmU DiUX
NodLY @Yo SUd UR Yp LQlT\o.2
XU\R V DQoY IuVYW TWQ
FumT Jo WiT F\ . @Yo \TPR ,
\Y] FuTRu LWQUL @u]o RmU
Fu\, Y VWm RU Pu Fu\ ]dLUhPo.
G]p , @qY\] Lj , # Pu Fu\
BXV SUu D YR Am; @
YR U]lTuU @u\!
RU PoLd @ Lh YkRm @Yo RmU
Fu dLsYpX. G]p, , Po FuTRpXm
UVum \dm NmWRVeL[ .3
Bkm, DiUXV TLYu WUQo RU PoLd
U[] DTRNjRp hN YZe]o; FeL RXp
1
T., 282. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 35.
2
T., 499. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 191.
3
T., 449.
142 c WUQ ULu TuULs
YlTYoLdd L]p Ru @qY hN RYo.
Fm @YoLs FYWm RU PoLs Fu ITm
lPpX. FYWYodm NmWRV \p hN
@dLpX. G]p \VL hN YZeRp FuT
#Pu Fu\ BX NokR YZd @u\! Pu
FuTRtL] AoYm Rm LiPYoL[ @Yo
RPok TXSs DulTLd LYlTo ; TfYdp
AuLl Tt \V YjWlTo , @pX RU
U[] YX] @s f]p @YoLs @qY\]
Tt UtLs[ Y LhYo. A]p RmU @YoL[
Fu dLiPpX.
T .: @dWLm FuT @dLYpX @hLP
@pXY ?
TL .: CN]s , u @dWLm Fu NpXl
TYRpXm AjU NTm Iu\Vu Y\pX. AuU
NTm GtL]Y BkYYRu\ ? @R]
Fu\Yo RU LPhNj]pRu @dL YiU?
RU @qY @dL YpXYo Fu I Fi]p
@Yo Fu\ TVdj RVt\Yo. TtTX hNLs,
DTRNeLs j NjWeLp vRWULd
\lThs[ . A]p @]jm DVokR U[]
hNV, U[]TRNU. RQoju Nkp
^]L YoLs Tffuj RU DiU Xp
@UokR]o . ALY , U[]U @]jm At\p
dLRm . Y\R]m FnRtLV RuZl , u
U[] Nk UjWjRp LZdV. HdV TYm R]
DQojRl T\. m Sm VYm Fu\um (JW
AuU NTUn) BkLiP Bd\m Fum
BqiU TLYjRu AWmTjXV LXl
Ths[ . 1

1
T., 398. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 119.
SRo 143

U[] DTRNUm cWUQu @dWLjR , NRLo


FpXU DP]VL DQokR]o Fu YRtpX.
A]p Ys hPpXV F] YhPt\od
TLYu WUQo SmdL hPjRo.
T.: oj NY, ojR VjW R-VYt\d Lhm
ULuLu ToYV \U dL Fum, @YoL[
ToYVXV AuU # @TYm L\Rum
NpXlT\ . Su Be Yk u UReLs
AhP] ; F]dLum RVpXV !
TL .: ULuLu ToY Ds[j nU @s\
FuTp NkRLU BpX . Ds[ Fu] SPk
Lid\ FuT SUdL RVUp BdLXm. Um,
XdLVP UWdL WX lTtd Ls\ .
YUk @dLQU Ttd Ls\ . @qY\Ru
ULuL[ @m TtTX TTLj]m @YoLs
uXp TVuTRm .1
UtT LsV FlV TdRo* WUQ ULPm TWQ
Td i, YrSs Wm WUQfWUjXV RehPo.
Pm WQ SmdL YlT @YVU; Am ,
kRV @jVVjp [dVT, PVtm RYV.
TdRu (PeLu du-): Nu\ \ TLY] RjR u
AfWUjR h @dPTo Rp R (1936) T]
\ Tj TuWi ShLs TLY] TWQ
Nk BPV\ Fu]f rklTR DQokR
YkRu. Fu @YpLp CThdm
TRpXmP BNu ARW TX @U
UVUm HdV @ BPV\ BkYkR. \

1
YN]mRm-1 Td. 156-7.
T., 155.
* U_o A.W. Nhd Fm AeXVo . @Yo 1936- Am Ai
BkVt Yk cWUQW RjRYo u RnS mTY
BpX .
144 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Lf L @kR @TYm U\k tm Jnk
hP. JV YXp BlTRp VlTRt L]j
R j D h L W Y p X . B k X p S u
B d \ u F u m N T D Q o Y U t \
@YpLdPV IY TtlTR
TU]R ?
T L Y u : @lVN TXjRp NT DQoYj
RPok Tt t\p UuUm YlTm. BqY @kR
@u RW Nt\ PUhPp , YXLp
CThkRm mUkRm @ BPV\ Bk
LiP Bdm .1
T .: @lTVp V]m Fu RV Gm
YiPUpXY ?
TL .: V]m SU BVpTVm . \ FiQeLs
deLp , @Yt\ Xdm VtV uh
@Rj V]m Fu Np\m. \ FiQeLu RP
@Lu hPp SU BVpTm NT XXV
Y[V YYm. @Y VRojR V]m.2
Pu F] DU LTYo PVt UtLiP \m
Rms AuL u]t\m Gm DQW GdLm
LrLm Di . Pj @NV SmdL
YdLm Fu\ TLYu @Yd ARp Yo .
P] @VYiQm @Ys u]t\m Lrk
YYm Di. @qY YlTPVLf m RVR
Xp u]t\m YYL GtThdLm Nnm.
RmUj WULl uTtm TdRoLPmP TLYu
WUQo LhlTLhP] URp Gm [dLpX .
G]p, @jRLV URpLs, YYt\ @vYWju
FlTlThP UtLhPPm Tu u]o RLok rk

1
T., 310
2
T., 155. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 63-64.
SRo 145

Pdm. Rms u]t\m Gm LZRRd Li


U]m R[m TdRu Su Rm u]VRL F]dj
RVpXV ! Fu TLYPm \Yi .
@mUV] NkRolTeLp TLYu WUQo @u]d
ARp j RtYo, @pX u]t\m GtTPpX
Fu DUd FlTj Rm? Fu FWlTo. u]o
BqY [dYo ! PPm u]t\jRd LiT
Y RW @kRf Pu @pX . @Ys FlTlTh
Ym AuLd LhU]jR @Yu U]jR[p @VUt
Tm, PVtV @Y] YX .1
Rm I FuTR WUQ TLYu RYL @dL
Yim Fu IXo mVi . A]p @Yo
@Rt BNVpX.
TjV VL\L[l Tt FYkR WTX
XVo BYuv#Yihv LhPo TLYu PoLd
hN YZeYiP ? Fu . TLYu TXdLUp
U[]m NjRo . @-kR @uToLs IYo
P\ uYk , RUd @uVUn Po FYm
BlTRL ULdj Ru]Xu\ hN YZeRp
NjVUm? VRojRUL @Yd PW BpX; Am
Gtd Lsm TdYm DPVYoLd @YW TWQ
U[]U @dWLm Am Fu [d]o.2
UtT [dLjRf NUjR TLYu @R
UR-dLUp U[]ULY BkRo . X NUVeLp
@YW [dLm uYU @UkR : P]l
TjRYW # Pu D\\ @YVlTPXm .
G]p Pu FRm BXVm YR U]lTuUp
Sd\u. ALY BYW F] SRo Fu Pu

1
R.M., p. 165.
2
T., 23. YN]mRm-1 Td. 25-26.
146 c WUQ ULu TuULs
NdLm. Blm, @Yo F] Po Fu \
DPuTPUhPo.
TdRo (U_o Nhd ): ReLd PoLs PV Fu
TLYu ReLs NpoLs.
TL.: Am.
Nhd: UhNm T\, @YVm Fum oLs!
TL.: Am.
Nhd : @lTV]p Su Fu]Ru NnV ? BjR]
AiL[L Su Be ( AfWUjp ) D h L o k
YkRRpXm i LXWVm FuoL[? ReLs Fu
BpX Fu\p Su hN T\ Y FeLY
Nu Y VWY I Y SP YiU?
TL.: RXWj-k Be DmUd LiYk
Noj BjR] LXm ReL YjR Fu]Yu
Fio ? NkRLm FRtLL ? Y\eLY Yj
RlTL YiUu\p FlTR
[mdLXU ? @pX O FuTYo RmU
Ut\YPk RLd LRUhPo . @YWl
TjRYW @]Ym @Ys @PdLm . ALY ,
OVYo Bu]o Bu]W FU xVu Fu RU
Y FeM]m ? A]p AuU RX T\RY]
@]YWm TtTXWLd Li\u . Ut\Yo Ruum
YThPYoL[L Fi\u. @jRLVod #xV
D\ DojRt\U\ . DiUV DQoj @Y]
ldL @s RYlT\ . @lTlThP STo
hN T\ u YLs Ds[] # \V , u
vTNm, LPhNm, U[]m. (U[]U RU hN \
FuTR Ls FlV U_o Nhdd cTLYu
BqY NpXUt Nu]o Tm ! Y TXdm
BTu u TLus[o).
Nhd : @lTV]p TLYd PoLs Di Fu
A\ .
SRo 147

T L .: Su uT Nu]TX , TLY]l
TjRYW PoLs Fu Vm PV . A]m ,
PoLs U]dLQjtj RdLY Ys PdLl
T\. u LQ Ys[m LPp Tu\. IYu
Lp LlT Gk YkRp @Yu Ui
NpXdV I LlTV[ LPp o UhU. Be
LP-u LgNjR]jRd \ Yp TVu BpX
@pXY ? FqY[dLqY[ TV TjWm Li
Y\] @jR]dLjR] Ui Wlf NpX
mR]! B @ThlTYWf NokR .1
@qY\p TLYu ReLs F] Y BpXV
Fu @Y Ym SmdLVl TjR; Yn
UXokR FU Pu Fu IlTUhoLs Fu\\...
Fu U_o Nhd Uu\VT TLYu okRUok
UTVolT[o TdLm Lm l SLfYPu
UkRo : BYo ^l#vWo A-k TjWm
Ye YWhm. Fu NuRr YdXm F Yed
Li mTm @kR A^dl Tn jW
Tjd Ls[hm. @Y @Yo lTm Fu Ls
BYW !

RmUd LiLiP YLl TdLXm FuTRm JW[


RYL , A]p U\LUL , @j]o FuTm
uYm DWVP-p RVY\.
T.: DiUV DQW TLYu DRY Yim F]
Yi\u .
TL.: DR FlTm BkLiP Bd\.
T.: @qY\p, IuU LhL YiPU? @jRLV
DR Bk LilTR Su DQWpXV!
TL.: NWt\p @R] DQWXm.

1
R.M., p. 141,142. c WUQm AuLl TRm, Td. 257-8.
148 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T.: BlT Su ReL[ NWQPk TLYj Nup
Bd\u . BlTR Su ReL[ DTRNjRl
T\p, @ UdLlTp YlTY]V Su
B FlT FqY @R]l T\lT\u?
TL .: Nj # FlTm DmU DUds[V
Bd\o .
T.: @R] @jR YVm LiPL I Nj#
F]d Yim.
TL.: Li LiP DUs[m Bd\o.
T.: @kR Y Su YVm LQj Rd\u!
T L .: YV Bdm Su DUds[
Bd\u Fu D ]p?!
TLYu c WUQu V AuL V] DTRNm
YZeLdm YLhPdm IjRY @Yo RU
PoL[j Rh AoYlTRV @pX TdRoLs
@YWj RYRV Ntm mTpX. UtNu]
DWVP-u tTp @kR TdRW @qY\] vTN
AV Yi u\o.
T.: @lTVu\p , Fu RX LYj D \
Yi\u .
TL.: @jRtTp Dl TjWm Fj RWYim
Fum YioLs. eLs ]jRY DR PdLl
T\pX Fu Ru]p Lohp Fu YZdm
Rlo! (ts[ VYm du\]o ). 1
BRl Tdm YNLo Xo , LP[ p
Ru\o Fu\ RjYojR [dLm, WUQ ULV
@YW YrSp Sp Lm T Tt\YoLdf
NV]RLY BdLXm. A]p, BlT AuL
IYW SYo Fu] NnV ? UoLs BdLY
Nn\oLs. A]m, AuUp Iu V DQop

1
T., 434. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 138-139.
SRo 149

RPok X TtkR Yu dRWm c WUQ


ULVl Tu\ Jo TWQ NtYd LiT
@m @Ru\? Fu ]YXm.
T.: VRojRU] Fu IYWj RokRlT FlT?
T L .: FYW uXp TWQ @U
Xu\R @YW Fu @L . @YW
@Yod @u]Pm SmdLm , UVRm
BVpTLY DiPm .
T.: @Yo YL GtLjRdLYo @pX Fu u]o
RVYkRp @YPm UhPt\ SmdL YjR Pu
L Fu]?
TL.: @Y] L @Yu Vl TjR.1
A]p, F]lTTYo UngO] XV FhPRYo
Fu\ Xp LPu YlTPV] YYm Fu
@YWd LRp RU? IYLp @qY LYp
RY\pX . FqY\p , Pu FuTYu
DiUV] Bl AuUYVu Y\pXY ? R]
DiUV] AuUj RuUV Pu DQWm ,
UnmUp @Yu AuU NT] AYu . @Yu
Lim Y DXLm Ym @Ys X
U]lTeL[m , NjVdL[m [d\ .
@Yts Iu\m F] NVpTm I STo RmU
@VUXV CN][ RU Pdm Tnfm
QY]L @UVdm .

RW, Bu] NjVdm Ds[. @RY, TLYu


WUQu YLhPp RPok Lrk Y\
FuTRm. FuTYo UR Dp UhU
YWYim Fu\ @YVm BpX FuTRm TLYu
DTP DWjs[o. Am @qY\] @Y Y
Y XW @oYUL YndLl TYo Fum X

1
T., 282. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 35.
150 c WUQ ULu TuULs
NUVeLp s[o. c WUQdL UR Yp
Vm BkRpX. RtLX Yrp CThdm @R
NUVm , Y AWYWU NPeL[ Bu Vm
@VYiQm uTt\j RkRm, S] DXL
rXp Y[V YLXV AuLUn
CTYRt DLkRU] AuU NWQ Fm R]
@ULWU] UodLjR DYdj RkRTXY ,
T[L Yp @UVYiV @YVm BpX
FuTRm, @YU] U[] DTRNm @pX hN
YZeLlTRm NjVU FuTRm c WUQ UL
FjWjs[o. @u]W YrSp U[]
YXLY @pX Li f]X hN YZe YkRo
F]Xm . U[] # DTRNU @ Du]RU] FuTR
@Yo @dL Y-j YkRo.
Ru BkRT BdL, Pu R] UnQo
Fn\u . u U[]U \kR DTRNm . @Y
\ldL @dWLm Am . vTN hN , x
hN R-V] VU U[]TRNjum
DnjQok T\lTTYV ; ALY , @Y Vm
BWiPkRWU . U] hNV RXkRWm . u
@LiP U[]jRp P] U]m R] nUm
Rm Tu\. 1
U[] DTRNm uTXY RPok Lr\ Fum
TLYu PoLs Lis[]o . ULu YrSp
@YW ITm NkjWR \ TXm @YoTp @R
Colt @YW YLhPXl uTt\j RPe]o .
VdLm B jWULj Ru]p, TLYu RU
YrLXjp FqY LrkRo FuTR @kSTo
@kRpX FuTRLY TsTm . Um ,
FuTYo DPp B]m LQj RdLYo FuTR
@ j R L V u o U ] m . I Y u d R o R U

1
T., 518. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 210.
SRo 151

U\dl \ RRp TWlmUUm TWUjUp


HdVU \o FumT, U\kR @Yo FqY
RU PoLd YLhP m? Fu X NUVeLp
LsLs FYi. A]p, YudRo u
DPp Bk YkR TmP TWlmUUV
@LiP AuUp BPP IukRYoRU ?
@qY AuUp XLiP O] ANu DPXj
RjkRT DTRNm YLhPm YZeYkRo
Fu\p , NPXjRd Pj U\kR \m @RTu
YLh\o FuTp WiT Gm LYRtpX.
YudRd Yrm Nm Iu\Vm. @YW AuU
XlThp FqR URm FZ. @Yd FU
YiPm; G]p @Yo BlTm FlTm
@YLY Bd\o . @Yo BZlTRt Rm Gm
BpX ; G]p @LkRV GtL]Y UVLj
\k BZk hPYWu\ @Yo !
. T]o : Yud ( DW BdmTR d/
RX/T TY ) , RLd ( B\kRu
dVPRp) AV BWitm BPX]
jVNm Fu]?
TLYu : jVNm Gm PV . B jd
LhTod P BY : DPu DXm AuU
OV Yu dRo F]lT\o . DPp rk @Yo
U\mT RL d @PkhPRLd
LRlT\o . A]p , Y-k LiToLdL
BkR jVNm F\; Od @pX. UjR u]m
UlTRt u]m @YW AuU XlThp Ut\m
Gm BpX . OV UR YX ]
Ls\m; @pX @kR Yp BlTRLd L\m.
A]p @YW FlTm AuU UVU ; IW NUVm
Dsm \UL BkYm Iu\V] UnmUV ,
@ Rt\jP] YYjP] QThPRpX FuTR
O DQo\o. TLYR WQjp I XLm Y\
152 c WUQ ULu TuULs
(@kR NUvR XLjRj Rp FjWd\o ):
UiP UVdLjp Bdm I STo, R] UXe DPp
Ds[R @pX S k hPR Fu
RVU-lTRl Tu, Ru]l Tojs[ DPp
BlTR Jo O Ntm DQoYpX. Ru DPX
Bd\U @pX DPp rk UkhPR FuTp
@YWl TjRYW FkR YTm BpX .1
OVu XTt TWUL @V Zm AoYjR
@Yo EddLpX . @jd LhLlTm
LsLd @Yo @oYULY PVjRo .
Am , DPp U\dl \m O GRm
]Vt YYW Fu\ Ls FlTlThP
TRpXm @Yo dLUL, X NkRolTeLp @qY
LZdm Fu P VR Su ( AoRo
AvTou) Lhd\u. B\kR \m I RmUl
uTtYod SpY Lh YYo Fum TLYu
WUQo D s[o . @YW PoLm RU
@TYjp BR] Su @kRYoL[.
(TTp SLp RXU UjY @LVLl TVt
YX Jn Tt\ PdPo UNXYX FuTYo
WUQfWUjt Yk I URLXm Rek AfWU
UjYU]u RtL-Ll TlT GtkRo. @lT
@Yo TLYPm FlV LsLs XYt\m PjR
PL[m RYW_ R-Vo lTjl uYU
F Yjs[o.)
PdPo: Ou U\ At\p U[]l WYLUL TdRu
Ds[jR @Y]m @VUp El Tm Fu
T L Y u R e L s s o L s . N u \ o L [ ,
@RY AuL DVo \kR DjRUoL[
SdLm LsY IYu AuU DiU XV

1
D.D., pp. 86, 87
SRo 153

DQoYRt Nd YnkR NR]UL @Um Fum


ReLs TLusoLs .
TLYu : YvRYmRu . O , Nu\o , AuL
DVoY[o BYoLPV FP Gm BpXV !
@YoLPV YL YT Li\W BYo?
AeXd LsL[ Rp UTVojd YkR
Su * PdPo NoTL BpX , @Yo @kR @ojRjp
LhLpX Fu\u.
TLYu : @YoL[ RPo LsY Su\ .
U[]ju EP @YoLs AdLj Di
TiYoLs . Ym TfLp @jRLV At\p
\T\. U[] NdV IlmT YnU
FlTm Nd \Y]R . ALY , U[]m WmV
RPoT NXf \kR.
PdPo : Ou RPp U\kR\mP @qY\]
RPo R[W BVe YU, @pX @Yo
Ds[YWR] ?
TL.: FuTYo T[L DPp BlTYo @u.
ALY , @YW RPp U\kR\m , D\ Xj
tm . 1
Ys Tt\Yo Fu\um LPlTPo, Fu TLYu
WUQo @js[o.
u @dWLjRl Tt\Yo FlTm
LlTt\lTYo. ITm LPlTP UhPo FuTp
NkRLU BpX . - Yp @LlThP BWXe
ITm Rlf NpX VRpXY? @R Tu!2
TLYu WUQo RLVLm Am RYX] LP
LXjp X TdRoLs TLYu BpXVp FeLs
* RYW_ R-Vo .
1
D.D., p. 145.
2
W., 20.
154 c WUQ ULu TuULs
L Fu]Ym ? ReLs @m YLhPm BpXUt
T]p SeLs Fu] NnV? Fu\pXm TR]oLs.
@Rt @Yo BqY dLULl T-j]o:
BkR DPd eLs @[d dVjYm
LdoLs ! 1
BRu DhTs Rs[j RY]. DPp U\kRm
@m YLhPm RPTP FuTR BqY
NpXUt Nu]o. DPp RjRm UjRm @R
jV NTU . BR] TdRoLs u]o RU Li
LiP]o .

RjY @lTP-k RPe, SP\ @Nl


YnlTm, S] DXL Yrp NPeLs
@xP]eLs Bu Tt UtLsm NjVd
L[m, @YVU FuTRl Ttm Rp Su
@jVVeLp TjRjRm. @jR B
@jVVeLp, TtV UtLs[ TLYu
YjWjs[ Y\L[ Fjd Ym.
@qY\L[ @Yo @]Yodm TWeLUL
YZe]o FuT Rf\ltV . FpX UReLu
AuL ANuLm NUVj RjYd LhTL[
UhU ]lTL FjWj Yks[]W RW ,
@Yt\ SP\p @]Ym LPlTRtL]
Tt \L[l Tt Y NtTULY s[]o,
@pX IuU \Up Bks[]o. @RtL] LWQm
YlTPV]R . TLYu FjWjR W_ # Ukd
L R V B k R @ j V V j R P d L j p (T d .1 3 4 # 5 )
lhs[m . @dLRd TLYu @jR [dLm
Tu , AuLl TtdL] dLU] DjL[ ,
R YnkRYm \lT @LWm Tt\YU]
ANVoLPk DTRN YXn YZeLl
Tt\YoLs UhU @Yt\ @lVj Sp[Ls
T\dm FuTR VVm . BqY\m , TLYu
1
R.M., p. 185. c WUQm AuLl TRm, Td. 344.
SRo 155

WUQW Rm YjR Y\L[l Tfm Fjm


YhPYfNUL YlTj]o .

Bk-p LQlTm WLs TmTm ULu


YrSp TldLlThP AfWU YL[
ARWULd LiPYV. @ljRLeLp @Yo kR
@dL\ Nj]o . @Ytp GRm Iup Ds[
lhP YNLl TVl Tj P LU Ls
FlYod @dL TkWlTo . DPpSXm u ,
Yru Y SeYkR LXLhPjmP @Yo
jRL GL[j jVUj DYdYm ,
@Yt\l TllTm RPok LY]m NjYkRo.

Nt IYWp @LWoYUL DTRdLl T\R


AuLl Tt Dj Gm NpXjRdLRpX Fum
Y-jV TLYu RU Y\V BqY @]Ym
@m YiQm YhPYfNUdV G]? uNu]
PV BdLsdm PVL @U\. Ou
T[L UWQjRp YT Gm LrYpX. I dRo
RU UWQjt u YL BdLXm Fu\p ,
UWQjtl \m @qY RPok BkYWXm
@u\ ! TLYu WUQo LhV UodLm @u]W
YrS[ tl TYRL; @pX @YW Sp
Rdm TYnll Tt\YoLs UhU @YW
@dl TjWULd VYoLs FuTm BpX. UWQm
SeLp @Yo LQV DYnj Yn
UkRo :
Su @YoL[ hl \] Fu @YoLs
LXe\oLs. Su Fem TLpX. Y\e Su
TLm ? BeLV D[u .1

1
R.M., p. 185. c WUQm AuLl TRm, Td. 344.
@jVVm Hk
AuU NWQ

RmU FYm vR]jp YlTR cTLYu


FlTm Roj YkRo FuTRm , @RtL]
LWQeL[m Nu\ @jVVjp LiPm .
BkRTm , DiUXV @Yo Jo SRu
TXV NVpThPo . YL Yo VWm
]dLs NRm @YW @]p , @u]u
RjYV] NWjRj Roj , @YW @LShPUm
AuU NWl Ttl Tdp lYo . Ym
RjYd LhTL[ Fjd Yp @Yo
FqY[dLqY[ RVdLm Lh]W , @qY[d
LqY[ AuLl Tt \L[ [dd Ym,
@Yt\l uTtU @jYm @L AoYm
LikRo . U[] UodLULY UnV] DTRNm
T\m Fu @dL YkRo . Am ,
YnUVL [dLm Gm @dLpX Fum
Ls[XL . NRLu FkR Y\p Vt
UtLs[ Yim FuTR [dYRLm @YW
@WLs @UkR] . @R NUVm , NRLu Ds[m
TLYu WUQu U[]l WYLj RdLjRp AdLj
t AuU NWl Ttp @Yd UuUm
EdLm EhV.

c TLYu TpY Tt \L[ YUkR


Tm , AuU NWjRV @jRk kRUn
Y-jm , T Nnm YkRo . ALY , @kR
Y\V RXYRL Fjd LsYm . Ut\Y
@jR @jVVjp.

AuU NWQ FuT jRmV Y\ @pX. L


DfN SoYV] @ Lj RuUV] LXjXV
BkdL Yim . Blm , TiPV LXjp
AuU NWQ 157

RU S, DXL YrY @\Y Xd, NR NoYR


V]jp Ark PdLjRdL Nu\o XdL
DLkRRL Id NnVlThP Y\VL Bk YkR.
NT LXjX @ L @oYU hP FuT
FoTojR LrY Am. c TLYu WUQo [jR
]Rm Fu]? @kRj RuU dL Y\V
hj , NVXt\Xm LoU UodLjPu @R]
BQj, @RtLo V YYm Lj , BkR
S] DXu olTkReLdPVm DTVdLj
RdL \p @R] DYds[o . BR]
UtLs[ FqR NPe \L[ ANW
@xP]eL[ YiVpX FuTRu
LWQUL, DiUp RtLXj RYLd
GtPV Jo ARoN AuL UodLULY B
@Uks[. BqY\m, S] YrdLf Zd
DLkRY YYUdLd Ths[Rp B At\p
\Y]RLY hTm R[okRRLY APpX .
TiPV So Y\u At\m, UnmU UVm
IeL YnkRRLY Ds[.
U]m @PeYRt NWQVj RW Y RkR
DTVeLs BpX . Ut\ DTVeL[ UtLi
@Pd]p U]m @lTRd @Pe]tTp Bk,
UTm [mm .1
BY SoY ; Ut\YVpXm @LkRV
YjdLiP NVpTm NR]Ls. @qYLp TX
NkRLeLs Fm; p Vm, Ru Vo? Fu TojR
ALYim . AuU NWQX , t Lhj
RVYiV Su Vo ? Fum IW LsV
AWmTRp LhLlT\. BqYVl uTtYod
Y\kR EuLX QV RYpX.2

1
w., 12. WUQ tWh, Td. 189.
2
T., 146. YN]mRm-1, Td. 152.
158 c WUQ ULu TuULs
AuU NjVm [eL, @R U\jd Lidm
@]jU BPL[ NWQVp XdV
WYim. p, Ru U\m @LkRm XdLl
TeLp , NjVm RPul WLdm . @
BVpTLY R] R]n Fum IoY FuTR
DQoYm .1
VlTRt R]d @uVU] Jo \lTs
@YVUd\ . AuU NWQX Rm Ru
@pXRU] ( @m @TTU] ) IU
XVj RW Y \lTs PV. V]jtm
AuU NWQdm jVNm BY.2
AuU NWm Iu\j RW Ut\ FqR NR]jm
NR]jR SPjm Th U]m Fu Iu BkR
ALYim. U]u @kR NR]V SPjYRlT?
IYo NR]jp CTm T @LkR TtTX hUU]
DYm Lsm. A]p @ Uhm @YpX. AjU
NWjRj RW Ut\ NR]eL[p @LkRV @dL
VpY , P] P]V Ru]l dLl
TvLWu AY TXjRu ! AuU NWj]p
UhU @LkRV U]U DiUp BpX, Fum
NjVjR YlTjd LYpVU] AuUu jR
oN` vV DQWf NnV m.3
AuU NWQp U]m TVuTjRl TYpX Fu
YRl TXm NYWl k LsYpX . ALY
@RlTt Um ]VT TLYu @jR [dLf
d L m B R u : U ] m F u T D i U X V
B k Y m J o V d (D s [ T s ) F u \
AWnkRVR oU]jPu NRWQUL FpXWm

1
T., 298. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 57-58.
2
T., 390. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 115.
3
M.G., p. 51. Uao YnU, Td. 50-51.
AuU NWQ 159

Gtd Ls[lT\. A]p, AuU NWjX U]m


FuTRu BlT LsdV\ . @qY Iu
BlTRLj Rum WUV R\jj WjR, AuU
NWm Iu\ L Lf XTU] YVm.

T L Y u : U]SNjt U]jRV GY ,
P]V TvLW]dYRt IlT] ! @kRj
hl TvLWu DeL[P WlPu YYu;
P]l lTTp TNe NnYu. p TXu
Gm BW. ALYRu, DsLUL ShPjRf Nj,
U]m FuT Fek F\ Fu NdLl T]p
@ BdPm RVUp U\kTm .
[VrlTQj-k (BXeL) YkkR RmW FuTYo
TXdLj Tp JWi LXm Jo NYL Yrk
YkRo . U]jR DsLULj l @Ru XjR
SYmP U]jRl TVuTjYR]? Fu @Yo
Fu] (RYW_ R-VW)d LhL, Su @kR NkRLjR
TLYu uXp YjRu.]
TLYu : YvRYU . @Rtm Sm U]jRjRu
DTVdL Yis[. U]ju DRVd LiP
U]jR YpX Yim FuT RkR `VU .
A]m, U]m Fu GR D[ . @R] Su SdL
Yim Fu\ ]lPu NR]d L[jp B\eLUp,
YU] U] JhPju XRWjR S]p @lT
U]m Fu Ium BpX FuTR DQooLs. U]jR
YLULj lmTRu FiQeLm Ts
YYeLm Fu\]. U]m DsLULj mmTR
@Y p AuU UnmUVL Am.1
@RY, AuU NWQ DfNjp U]m U\k\
FuTRLY @pX @Y AuUYL Ut\m Li\
FuTRLY Ls[Xm. BWitm Ts Iu\Ru.

1
D.D., p. 31.
160 c WUQ ULu TuULs
A]p @kXp I STo ]Yt\X BpXUp Jo
T\eLpXl Tp A\o FuT @ojRm @pX.
AuU UnmUVm V DQo, Jo RlThP U]ju
V FpXds B Ied PdL FuTR
Ts. @RY AuU DQoY FnV I STo, R]
U]m Fm Lld LiQ YV E]d LiQp
UeLXL FRm LiTpX ; U\L O]d Liu
Ifp Rs[jRV @YV] UnmUVd
Li\o .
U]m FuT AjU NTjs[ Jo @NV Nd.
@Y NLX ]L[m Rtdu\. ]L[
VpXm dl Todu\T , RVn U]m Fu\o
Ts BpX; ALY ]Y U]u NTm. U]u
NTjR NjdLiP T]p, R] U]Un
m. Ru FuT AuU NTU. U]m FlTm
I vXjR @NjR tm; RVn pX.
BkRj RLjp Su Fu [mY FY @Y
U]Um. Su Fu\ ] RLjp R-p FkR BPjp
Ru\ Fu NjRp BRVjp Fu RVYm.
@Y U]u \lPm. Su , Su Fu DsLULj
RPok vUjdLikRmP @qPjtd
LiTn hm .
U]jp Rum ]Ls FpXYtm Su
Fum ]Y Rp ]. B FkR \L G]V
]Ls Fu\] . RuU ( Su ) RuV\L
uX TPodLLs (, @Yu R-V]) Ruu\];
RuUu uX TPodLLs BW. Su Vo? Fum
NWQ ]XV U]m @Pem . S]o ? Fum
] , Ut\ ]L[VpXm @jl Qg
RTp p Rm @m.1

1
w., 10. WUQ tWh, Td. 187-88.
AuU NWQ 161

TLYu WUQo LtjR AuU NWQ UodLm FuT,


D[Vp YpSoLs m ArU]f kR]l
TRum tm YThP FuT BYW
FjWdLlThP YNLeL-k RYLj RVYm.
TodLlT]p, AuU NWm U]m NokR Jo NVtWUm
@pXY @pX. D[Vp NokR DsL kR]V]
U]ju AdL @U , Ds[PdLm , ArX
Tu\Yt\d Wn NnYRm . U\L , AuU
NWU U]jRm LPk AWnk U]m Ddm
XUV AuUY DQW Vtdm R] NR]
\Vm .
TgN LNeL[m d NdL YiV Ru]
pLp NlT Q . TkRjp Bdm Ru Vo
Fu Nj, Ru VRojR NTjRj Rk LsYR
d. NR LXm U]jR AjUp YjlTRtjRu
AjU NWm Fu TVo . lTVd hj Rs[
YiV IYu lTVd [ AWnYRp FlTl
TVpXV @lTV Ru] @V YiV IYu
Ru] U\jd Lidm RjYeLs @]jRm
Nojj RsYR j , @Y BjR] Fu
LQdYRm , @Ytu QeL[ AWnYRm
TVpX. WTgNjR I NlT]jRlTp Fid
Ls[ Yim.1
@TXY , D[Xl TlTn @pX Y\kR
U]Sn UjY \Lum AuU NW \
@lTPXV UThP . @mUV] UjY
\ , Jo BVpT] , AWdVU] , \Y]
UR]L U]SVV UtYRV dL[Ld
LiPR RW , URu T[L FiQ XVd
LPk NpYRtl TVuTP . G]p , D[Vp
YpSoL[ , UjYoL[ AuU NW \V

1
w., 10. WUQ tWh, Td. 193-4.
162 c WUQ ULu TuULs
UtLiPYoLs @pX. ALY @YoLs RU
NjRVR TRV Ut\YoLdd LhP V .
A]m Iu : AuU NWQu AWmT LhPm ,
D[Vp UjY TLWjt IjRRL @U\ .
@RY, Ted Pdm FiQeL[m, U]
UdL[m U] AZj-k Yd LQo\
Fu\ YLp JW[ RPdL ItU Lis[.
T.: V]m mT Ut\ FiQeLs YYLULd
[mu\]Y !
T L .: V] NUVjp S]R FiQeLs
[mu\]; @ SpXR! Gu? Ds[ Ted PlT
YVu\. YV]XV @R @lT FlT?
FiQeLs RU FZ, @Y LXdWUjp SdL, U]m
TXm @P\ .1
T.: U]jR IUlTjR VmT S]R
FiQeLs Fm Fu]j RpXlTju\] .
@Yt\ @PdL FqY[Ru Vu\m, UuUm
FiQeLs [jR YiQm Bdu\]. Su Fu]
NnV ?
TL .: Am . @lTjRu Lm . Ds[ Bdm
@]jm YV YWjRu VjRdm. IqY RWm
U]m YRY NpXj RPemTRpXm @Rl
jj AuU kR]p XjR Yim.2
T.: IYo AuU ShPjRj RPemT Ut\
FiQeL[ tm IdP Yim Fu
TLYu ReLs @dL YksoLs . A]p ,
FiQ @XLs JnYpXV ? I FiQjR
Idj Rs]p Ut\u NhP] [jR\.
BRt Y PVTp Ru\R?

1
M.G., I. p. 20. ULo YnU, Td. 17-18.
2
D.D., p. 35.
AuU NWQ 163

TL .: FiQeL[ eL[ RPok Vjd


LiP TLYim Fu Su NpXpXV !
Su Fm FiQjR UhU BPP TtV
YiQk, @kR I FiQjXV LjRd j
j YkRp Ut\ FiQeLs Vm RU X ,
Wp @qY\ U\kTm .1
FqY AuU NWQ FuT D[p YpSoLs m
ArU] DsSd \d tm UThPR
@qY\ @qNWQ, RjY kR]V[oLs Lm
AuUojRj RodLU @pX jRkR LU @pX.
T.: Su Vo? Fu WUL Fil TodLp, Su
BkR NdV DPp @pX, Fu\um Xjs[ V
DQoY (WdOV) @pX AuUY Su Fu\ P
Pd\. A]p Bu] FiQm DPdPu
F\ : V AuU Gu DPXLm DXLULm
YlTPVLd Lhd Ls\ ? BRV Y
YojRLp NpYRu\p LPs BkR DXL Gu
TPjRo? FuTR @kR BQ FiQm.
TL .: DiUp , Su Vo? Fum NWQu
Ts @LkRV\ Su Fm FiQju RtYn
F? FuTR @YRtL] VtV Am. Su BkR
DPp @pX Tu\ \ FiQeLd U]jp BPUdLd
P. Su FuTRu XjR SY, Ut\ FiQeLs
VYt\m L[kRYRtL] Y\d NRLUL
@U\ . eLs lhPTu\ Y\kR
FiQeLdm eLs YnlTlTRj RodL Yim.
U\L, Su Fm FiQju \lPjRd Lidm
IW SdLjp U]Rd j XjR Yim .
FqY\u\p , Y FkR FiQm RX d]m

1
S.D.B., IV.
164 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@qYiQm Vd F\ ? Fu Lhd Ls[
Yim. Y Vd? F]dLRu! Fu @Rt P
PjRp eLs @lTPV] NWjRj RPW Yim.
@RY, BkR F]d Fm Su Vo?, @Ru \lPm
F? Fu\ NWjRj PlVnl Tt\ Yim.1
X NUVm, U]V] YRl TdLmP AuU NW
@Nlp @UjRUpXUp , @qY\ [dLm
@jRo . A]p , @qY\] [dLm Su Fm
RjRuU @pX @LkR UnVpX FuTRj RPdL
Xs[ FV NRLd DWlj, @u]W AuU
NWQ UtLs[j iYRtLLY @dLlThP.
Fm , joYU] YR @XNp Td AuU
NWQ ALUhP.
T.: Su VWu FlTj Rj RkLsY?
TL.: SmUV Sm Lhd Ls[ Yim. Ru
RXL, BkR DPm @Ru BVdLeLm (@u]UVLNm)
SUpX Fu @\m. Bum Ark NdmT
U]m @Ru j TReLm (U]UVLNm) SUpX
Fu DQo\m. @jRT FiQ jLs Fek
[mu\] Fu LYdL Yim. jLs RULY
[md Lidu\] # Iu, UXhPU] NRWQ
]L[LY, @pX AXlTYL[LY Fu\].
@Y jXV BVeu\] . @Yt\ joYUL
DQoY Vo? FiQeLu Blm, @Ytu RY]
YWeLm BVdLm , Su Fm R YdL
Ru\]. BqY FiQeLu BlTm RPoTm
DQoY FY @Y YVd @pX Su Fm
@LeLWm (@LkR ). j (gO]UV LNm) FuT
@LkRu DTV (NYRtV LYN D\ UhU)
Vu @Y @LkR AL. BkR @LkR, @RY Su,
1
D.D., p. 68.
AuU NWQ 165

FuT Fu]? @ Fek [m\? L]m S]m


@R Su DPu RPo\. L]Yl Tt S]p BlT
NdL YiV Ium BpX . l Xp
BlTs[ Su Vo ? Su dLj-k
YlThPYu Fu , emT @VU Bp
Su @kd PkRu Fu jRu R\. YR
NvWeLm OVm HVU\d m AuU NTm
@kR @kd PkR @LkRVV Su AL BdL
V . dLjRd LPk BlTm , dLjuT
L]m, u]o S]m @kRkR XLu QeLs
@\Y BpXUp Bk YY FY @Y
VRojRU] Su. @YvRWVju (p , L] , S]
AV u XLu ) NVn (Nu\n , SoLh
V[]n ), @xP]Un (D\PUn ), QeVt
BlT FY @Y Su Fm AuU NTm, Fu
BqY @LL NWQVp @Tjj Rk Ls[
Yim. TgN LNeL[m1 LPk tT AjU NTm.
@SjU (AuU BpXR) RjYeLeL[ S]pX, S]pX
Fu Idj RsV\ @eL [eY V
Nj#j#A]kR NTUm AjUY.2
To URo BYo AURTj-k (1936 _u 9 @u)
YkkRT TLYu WUQW DWV]o:
U : TLY] ! WVm RtLi O]UodLjp
FeLd CT Di. DT`jLs, VLYxPm,
TLYjR R-VYt\l Tjd\m . Fm ,
@Ytp s[T VdL Vu\p, V]m Su
LYpX. AuU @TYjR @PY FlT?
TLYu: eLs FqY VdoLs?

1
84- Am TdLj @dlp LiL .
2
T., 25. YN]mRm-1, Td. 27-28.
166 c WUQ ULu TuULs
U: Su Vo Fum NWQp, DPp, WQu, U]m
FuTY S]pX Fu jd Fh\. U] @[p
@Yt\ Id\m. @RtUp Ium YpX.
TL.: Am . j @RtUp TL V. NjVm
FuT BRu Fu SWVn hd LhP V .
@R]XV YRkRm FYVpXm SUpX 1 Fu
TlTPu u\ .
Ru @pXRYt\VpXm Ru @pX Fu Rsm
Su, Ru]j Rs[ V. B S]pX FuTRtm,
B Su FuTRtm Su Iu BkRL Yim. BkR
Su Fu\ @LkRV @am j F]lTY .
FiQeLs @]jtm Xm BkR @LkRV. @LkR
Ffdl \L \ ]Ls Ruu\]. BqY
FpX ]Ldm X ]lT] BkR @LkR
Fek [m\ FuTRV GLdWUnd LYdL
Yim. BkR @LL ShPjRp TnV] Su Fm
@LkR Ru XjR U\V, TjRU] AjU NTm
Iu\ Im .
U: A]p BY FqY NlT?
TL.: S], L], p FpXYtm Sm RPok
Bk LiP Y\m. dLjp BlTY] tT
lt YLd\u . FlTm Sm Bd\m
FuT FpXdm @TYU; FlTRY Ru BpX
T]]u VWY IlYW ? BqY FlTm
BPPdm Ru]V DQW Yim.
U: ReLs BqY[ RYL FjWjm FeLd
Bu]m [eLpXV ! TnVm @LkRj
Rt\jRd L[Y FlT?

1
B@pX, B @pX (S, S) Fu\ [dLlTm AjU #
aRWiVLT`j .
AuU NWQ 167

TL.: @LkRj Rt\jRd L[V tTP YiPm.


@LkR Ru]jR] FlTd L[V m ? @Ru
XRWm F FuTR DtQok @eL @Yn tL
Yim. Sm VtVpXm @mUhU. @RtLlTp Sm
NVp Ium BpX . @ R] Im . VtVp
RL @PVlTP YiV XVpX @.
U: BlTm FlTm BqY NTUVULY Su
Bd\u Fu\p, F]d Gu @ [eLpX?
TL .: @ @YL Bd\ FuTp FkRY
NkRLm BpX . @ [eLpX ( @R] Su
DQWpX ) Fu ]lT Vo ? DiUV] S]
@pX TnV] S]? BqY NdeLp, @qY
]lT Tn S] FuT [em. @kRl Tn
S] , @RY @LkRV , BP\nd d\ .
NjV AjU NTjR U\dm @R]d
L[VYim. Fu NTm F]d [eLpX Fu\
FiQU TV WTkRm (BP). DiUp NTm
jV # jRUd \ ; @R Bl Rn DQoRp
IupX. BYW BpXRRn BUpRu @PVl
TYRn BkRp @ U\kTm. @qY Ru
U\TYL[p V TVu? Fu\um BlTm, BlT
GR WTkRjRp Su [eLUp BlTU]
Iu\V Sm S\m. FlTm BlT @VUVp
[eLd\. @LeLWU @VU. @ FlT FeL
Dd\ Fu LYjRp @kR @LkR Ikm.
BkR @LkR Fm DYUt\ Tn, DYm DPXl
TtdLi DYj, Fk SPU U\\. DPX
Sm Fu @UlT FY @Y BqYLkR .
@RV Sm IdL Yim . BkR Su Fek
[m\Ru GLdWUnd LYjRp @ Ru XjR
Iem . _P # DPp Su Fu YLdL . BkR
168 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@LkR #S] DPp Su Fu YLd\ . BqY
DPX Sm Fu @Udm BqYLkR V Fu
AWnkRp @ GUt U\km .
U: @LkR U\kRPjR A]kR @TYm DiP?
TL.: FlTm Ds[ V DQo A]kRUVULY
Bd\. Bl , DQo, A]kRm Fum Bmum
Iu\ . @kR Iu\ Sm . @Y SUL BkmP ,
@VU]p RVpXV Fu Yk\m .
ALY , BqYVU Fum WTkRjR @Lt]p
A]kRUVUm SU Bl R] [em.
U: BkXV @PYRt, Yu, CNu, _Lj Fum
mRpLu Y] DiU F Fu RV
YiPU ?
TL .: @LkR Iu FkR \L mRpL[l
TtV ] F\. @LkRVt\ ArkR dLjp BY
Ru]Y? BpX. A]p jWm Sm BkRm;
BlT TdLidLm Sm Bd\m .
mRpLs DiUVu @Y dLjuTm [eL
Yim . @LkRVl TtdLiP @Y Ru
u\]. Um , DPm DXLm Su Bd\u , Su
Bd\u Fu u\]Y? SUu\ BR DPm
DXLm Bdu\] Fu \m ! SmUl
TtdLi SUdL DPXLeLs Rt\UYRp ,
@lTPVm Sm Vo FuT jR @Ou DQok
RYPV Yim. Sm Vo FuTR DQokRp FpXm
@VlThPRm. @Ru \ NkRLm Fm FZ.
U: AuU O]UPkR \ DPp Fu]Y\ ? @
Bd\R , BpX I\R ? BpXUt T\
Fu\p OLm \WlTXY DPPu
YLlTRd Li\U !
TL .: @lT Fu]Ym FuTRlTt BlT
LYXlTY]u ? R-p AuU O]m @PVl
AuU NWQ 169

TYm; @Ru\ @YVU]p DP-u LVlTtf


kdLXm. OL[lTt Sm Gu LYXlTP Yim?
@YoLs Wf]V @YoL[ ojd Ls[hU!
U : FpXm NfR]kR UVULY BdLp , LPs
SmUm BqYtUL[m TPj DTjW
lT FRtLL?
TL .: DTjWYeL[ DiPdlTRLd LPs
SmPm Yk Nu]W ?, @pX SU @YWl Tt
@qY Np\U ? SU @pXY @Yo t\m
Nh\m? BY @LkRu TnjR] [Vh. @
RXkRp LP[l Ttd \Yo FYm BWo.
Ds[ Ds[T BlTR] Iu, S]]d [mT.
Su Bd\] BpXV Fu NkRLm YkRXu BR,
Su Bd\u Fu VWY NpYoL[? Su URu,
Su URu, Fu Np-d Ls\U? Su I T @pX
FU U Fu VdLY Ru]pR], @Yu, Su
TY FUV @pX; Su URu Fu R]djR]
OTLlTjd Ls[ YiYm! A]p @jRLV WU
Vdm DiPYpX . @qY\Ru R] VRojR
vm. @p NkRL TReLd Ntm BPpX.1
F AuU NWQ @pX FuTRd , @Rj
RPok F NV] AuU NWm FuTRm uLiP
TPp YNLs (TLYu WUQo BVtVY) eLd
[eL Ydu\].
Ls: NWQ FlT SPkR? Tt \ V?
@LkRi P ]]ji Pm
@LkRu \-u \]jm - @LkRV
VUm ARXp V ( )B ? Fu SPX
JRp VU] Jo .
Ds[ StT, TPp 26.

1
T., 197. YN]mRm-1, Td. 188-91.
170 c WUQ ULu TuULs
[Ts : ( TgN LNeLm , @Ytu YV
DXLLs) Vm @LkRV Vm . @YL[ JRp
(Rp#\jRp#RsRp) FuT Fu]Yp, B V?
BkR Su Vo? Fu Ru] SYRu].
Fmm @LkR Vm BPjR p
kR Ts LQYi - RpTp
oUVp TffNPd Lis[
ArkRV Yim @ .
Ds[ StT, TPp 28.
(BlTPd [dLm RYpXRu ).
S]u YV ( p ) SX DsArU]jR (p )
S]u\e kU] SRX O]S
Vm @u, @u S ]UYu u]p Q
Vm @ NWm AU.
Ds[ StT, TPp 29.

[Ts : Su @Yu , Su @ (^am , @am


WyUv, RRam) Tu\ TY]L[ NnLiP
BmU]m FqY[ LXU]m Zjdm .
AuUTYjtL U]m Blu @VYim .
ALY @Tu\ TY]Ls SpXRo QV RW,
NR]UV AuU NWU U? AL.]
S]o F] U]s S[m SiQY
S]m @YuRX SQ\ - SuS]j
RuUu R]Lj RuS]u Ts
u\U R]m Ts .
Ds[ StT, TPp 30.

[Ts : U]m Ds[ m , Su Vo ? F]


]V YiQm BRVjR SeLp, Su Fu\
FiQm (LtRm ) SQtj RX Lrk U\\ .
V DQo UhU Su Su, R] Su F]j R]LY
Ru\. Su ALj Ru]m @ Vu Fm
@LkR @u . U\L @ WQU] . @Y
RtTs . ]
AuU NWQ 171

T L .: T k R m , d B Y L s L Y X m F i Q l
PlTVofL[ Vm . @Y RUdL] Jo NTm
@pX UnmU DPV] @pX. ALY @Y VUL
BVeLdVYm @pX. Y\uu TQUeL[V
@Ytt Ut\ XjR IlVY\ TtlTPW
Yis[ . @qY\] TkR#dLs Vd F]
@kR X Y NdLl kRp , @Y F]d
Fu\ Rum. F]djRu Fu\p @kR Vu Vo F]
Ru]j R] UuUm NjdLiP T]p,
NTUL Su Fu\Ro T[ BpX F]d
LiTm! BqY Su BpX Fu LiPu Fg
BlT Ru R]LY BkRT Bk BXY
(I o Y ) D s [ e L S p - d L T p [ e m .
\Sdp YU] YojRL[p LXjRd LPjRUp,
@LSdp Ds[T BkRYiQm AuU
NWQVj RPm VYodU BkRl TiU
@TY TULf NhP]j Ru\p NL_U Am .
ALVp , R]V AuU NTjp TkR # dLs
ITm PV FuTp NkRLU BpX .1
V DQoY AuU . @qY\m , URu _P
DP-p Ru] @PV[m Li\u. BqPX Su
Fu @kR DPp dLsYpXV ! FpXVt\
AuUm @qY YpX. @lTVu\p Y
Vo? V DQodm _P DPdm BPV T-V]
I Su RXd\. @kRl T- Su, DPp S]
Fu LtT] NnLs\. Vo @kR Su? Fu
W NdLl T]p @ I UVRm TX Ue
U\k m. BkR UV DY @LkR @pX U]m
@pX Su Fm RjRuUVm. NjWeLs @]jU

1
S.I., ch.IV, 15. WUQ tWh, Td. 253-54.
172 c WUQ ULu TuULs
BkR UVl TNN FfV @V Sj IlTRV
@lTPVLd LiPY. LiT] @]jm UVV.
UVV XdYR BXd; Y\m BpX .1
Be TLYu @LkRV UV Rm Fum, T-V]
Su Fum l\o. To URo BYod @jR
[dLeL[ BRt u FjRiPm . @p @Yo
TnV] Su; UnV] Su Fum TTjs[o.
(TdLm 165). SP\l TVuThPd L @Yo Tn
S]d Lh _ S] SU X NUVeLp
NpXm NnRo. A]p @Ru LWQUL, B SuLs
DiP]d lhPRLd Ls[XL. DiUp @Yo
@ojRlTjV Fu]Yp , Fem \kR
AuUY IYo RU HdVlThP DQoYRt ,
R-p @Yo RmU _P DPX V R Vd Fu\
RY\] LjRd L[kRV Yim FuTR Am.
Um @Yo @dL BqY Y-j YkRo: I
Su Ut\ S] @YRt RjRVn BWi
Su Ls PV . AuUY SRp FuT AuU
UVUL BjRp FuTR @jYR DiU. @qYpX
Vp , Su , FuTR] RuU#uX Fm
BXLm , LiTYu , Lh , LQp Fu\ u
XdL[uLm Di Fu\m.
T.: AjUY @Y FlT?
TL.: VPV AjU? V Li.
T.: Fu AjUYjRu. Su Vo?
TL.: V Rd Li.
T.: F]dj RVpXV ?
TL.: Su\L AXjl To. Su @Vu Fu
Np\Yu Vo? Np\ BkR Su Vo? @k
Ls[R F? Fu] RVpX?
T.: Fup Ds[ VW, FY RVpX.
TL.: VW FuT Vo? VPjp Ds[ Vo?
1
T., 427.
AuU NWQ 173

T.: GR I NdV Fu]Y!


TL.: Rl TWu!
T.: Su Gu \kRu?
TL.: \kR Vo? Du LsLdLpXm @Y Tp.
T.: @lTV]p S]o ?
T L .: ( ulPu ) Fu]l Tb TodLY
YkRn? VR] NpXYim VWu!
T.: Su Fu] Vu\m Su FuT F]dl TP
pX. @ Bu]Ru YlTPVL DQWdP
VpX .
TL .: Su FuT DQWlTP VpX Fu
Np\Yu Vo? Iu Ut\u\p DQWlTPR BWi
Su Bd\R Dup?
T.: Su VWu LhTRtl TXL, eLs Vo? Fu
NdLXU? @lTf NnRp Fu xVpXm
DeLs UXV Bdm . G]p DeL[
TU] CvYW]Ld L\u . Su Vo Fu
LhTRd Lhm ReLs Vo? NWjRXV Su
Rm XhVm hYRLXm .
TL.: FmU NWQ NnRm LPp GLUm
R]V AuUYjRu @PV Yim. Su, , ,
Pu BkR jVNeL[pXm @VUd @ .
BlT @Lm NTUm TWUjU Iu\ . Ut\Rm
TlTRpXm Ru]j R] GUtd LsYRm.
ALVp , Rt\Um T[L YrY AuU
NWju XUn BeLV BlTR LPlT D]
XhVUL BdL, DPdL DjRV , Su Fu\
TThd BPm F? FiQeLu XjRj R U]m
DsSP , FeL , Su FeL ? BeM]m S ,
@]jRm Rus Lsm AuUYL @Uo .
T.: Ru Ru]j Rd LilT avVm @pXY!
Su Vo NWm LPp Ym Yhl TfNL
174 c WUQ ULu TuULs
VpXV? GR hUkWmTp Su Vo ,
Su Vo F]f Np-d Li, pXUp Fu]V
Su Lhd LilTR?
TL.: AuU NWm YUV] jWm @pX. @
FkR UkWjR _lTRd Lhm DVokR . Ym
U]jRp Su VWu UjWm LhTRL BkRp @R]p
N`m IupX . U]jRm @Ru Xjp
GLdWm NnYR (lTR) AuU NWju SdLm.
ALVp I Su Ut\ S]j RYRpX @. Su
Vo NWU DiUYV FpXVt\ jR NjVjR
DQoYRtj RY\ DTVm. @ Iu\ SW] Y.1
Su Fm FiQ Ffu XjRl u]dj Rd
LilTR AuU NWm Am. I Su Ut\
S]d LilTRpX FuT uYm UtLsLp
Um RYLj RVYm.
YkRYo: FiQ JhPju XjRj Rd Li FuTR
eLs YjRdm NmWRVm Fu\oLs . @R
FlTf NnY?
T L Y u : Su FkRY NmWRVjRm
GtTjRpX . Blm , IYo RU FiQeLu
RtYVj Rl TLYim FuT Fu]Y
DiUV.
YkRYo: @lTV]p, Fu U]p W Fu\ FiQm
RuYRL Yjd LsYm . @kR FiQju
XjRd LidL Vu\p, @ F] ]p
Bd\ FuTm, @kR OTLm W Fu\p Fu]
Fu u]RLY @ks[ Iuu XlT Fum
\ . @qY[YRu .
TL .: @Rl TtVpXm DeL[ Vo VdLf
Nu]? @Y Vm FiQeL[. OTLjRl Ttm
1
M.G., II, pp. 47-51. Uao YnU, Td. 46, 49-50.
AuU NWQ 175

Ds[l XlTLs jm UuUm Fid LiP


TYp Fu] TVu? @Rt Y PV, R-p
RuV UWU RV Fu\ TZUV] NofN Tu!
XlT , ] FpXm Vd DiPu\] Fu
LeLs. P F]d FuoLs. @kR F]d Fm
Vu X FqPjp Dd\ Fu LieLs.
G]p, XlT , OTLm @pX Y\kR @TYm
Su Fm DQodL Lru\]. emT DeLd
@Tu\ @TYeLs FYpX . Blm ,
emTm eLs BkoLs. BlTm BdoLs.
@RY, YqY XLs YWXm, TLXm, A]p Su
RPok Bk Y\ Iu FuTRV B Unld\.
YkRYo : S u F u T R u X j R d L i d m T
oLs . DiUp Sm @RVRu Li
Ls[ m\u. A]p FlTd LiT? FkR
X R--k Su Yks[u?
TL.: emT FkR Xjp @Pe BkoL[,
@kR Xj-kR eLs YksoLs . A]p FkR
Xjp NUkkRm FuT emT DeL[p
@VV . @R]pRu jdm Xp
NWQ NnYR NjVlTm .
@-kR Xo, YkRYW Su Vo? Utm WUQ R
jRLeL[l TdU T NnR]o. TLYm, @Yo
@Yt\ @qY TjRVXm Fu ]o.
tTLds @Yt\l Tj jR @Yo , UXp
im TLYPm ]]o.
YkRYo : AuU NWQp CTU @ljRLeLs
Lhu\]. A]p FqY @R] UtLsY?
TL .: Y\m @ljRLeLp \lThdU?
Y.: Su Vo? Fm kR]p Ark PYiU?
TL.: Su Fu\ ]l Fek F\ FuTp
U]jRd dL Yim FuTR Ts. YLUL
176 c WUQ ULu TuULs
FRm LQ tTPUp, kRV DsLULj l ,
Su Fm FiQm Fe F\ Fu DtQW Yim.
Y .: @qY LY]Unl TojRp Su AuU O]m
TtYu Fu TLYu ReLs oL[?
TL.: AuU @ TRp FuTRL Ium PV.
jV NjVULj Xe YYR IYo FqY RLl
T\m @pX @qY UnmUVL Bk
YYp mTm R] I UnmUVd
LQm? F DiUVt\R @R (@RY Su
Fm @LkR Utm @LkR Fldm \j
Rt\eL[ ) DiU Fu LYm @gO]jR
Xdd Ls[ Yim . @qY[YRu . @qY
Rt\p eLs FlTm Bk Ym @YLY
XloLs . TiU TiUVLY Xem .
DiUpXRR DiU (_m) Fu Lm UVV
UdLs Xdd Ls[ DRm ThP @]j
UReLm @Y @jm @xP]eLm
Rus[] .
Y.: \lu WLVm Fu]?
TL.: VPV \l ?
Y.: mUjR @kRYu mUULY A\u
Fu DT`jLs u\]Y ?1
TL .: FYLm Am `Vm @pX @ ;
@YLY (mUULY ) BlTR DiU.2
AuU O]m DdLl TRp Fu FU PV
# BqY TLYu @dL YkRRu LWQm, AuU
O]m TY FeM]m? Fu Ls FlYod,
AuU UhU Ds[ ; BeLV FlTU
BkYY; GR Rnd Li dLYiV X

1
lWyUY ^u lWyUlV - aRWiVLT`j, 4, 4-6.
2
D.D., pp. 231, 232.
AuU NWQ 177

@pX FuTR ]hYRtLVu Y\pX . BkRl


Vl W @jYRju NWmNUm.
(AuU TRm Fm) BXdL @PYRt Lf \kR
Y F Fu\ Lsd TLYu uYU
Pj]o : )
@PYRt
Fu BXd Ium PV. FRV
TYRtm GpX. AuUY eLs; @RY, AuU
NTULY eLs FlTm Bk YoLs .
AuUYl TtV DiUV DlTjR, AuUYLY
Bd\m Fu DQoYRj RW Y\um
NpYRtpX. LP[ @pX AuUYd LiT
Fu\p , AuUYLY BlT , @RY eLs
DiUp Ds[T Bld LsYR Am. LiT
Fu\p XT LsY. AuUYLY Bdm eLs
AuUY FhY FqY Fu @V moLs!
WUQfWUjp BkLiP , WUQfWUm NpYRt
FkRkR YLs Ds[]? @Yts F \kR XT Y?
Fu LhTRt IlT]R BkRd t ! eLs NnV
YiV BY : DPX Su Fu\ FiQjRd
LL. \l ThLs, Rt\eLs TtV FiQeLs,
@RY, @SjU `VeLs, VYt\m RodLm. \l
ThL[l TtV FiQeLp U]m YLUL UVj
RPemTR @R j AuUp # @pX
UnV] Su Fu\ DsQop # TV YeLs.
eLs NnV YiV Vt BmUhU.1
B Jo o TXj Ru]m, BWiPm @jVVjp
Yjs[TX, Vt UtLsYu @YVjRm
TLYu Ytj]o.

1
D.D., p. 287.
178 c WUQ ULu TuULs
U]m VtuV jVt\ XV NL_UL
@Pm YWp , @RY @LeLW#UULWeLs ,
tUL Sdm YWp NR]Vj RPok
VtdL Yim .1
RLd LiLs[ Gm BpX Fu\ Ljd
LQjRl TLdm ThP, O]m XeYRt
@gO]m Fum WV XdY Iu\ TU]
Fu @jYR jRkRm [d\.
[j oUp k TPokdm L BXL[
Xdl TodmTRu FlTs[ [j Wd
Li\m. LkR ULeLs Xm TRu FlTm
Vjdm XY]m R\ . @R TXjRu
@LkR Fm @gO]jW XVm AuU
Xe\ .
T.: DiUV] S]V AuUY FqY @Y?
TL .: Su FuTRu VRojRl T[m @LiP
DQo oLWUn Fum D[ . @R `Lj
(Fh Jo `VUn)j Rk Ls[ V; Rnj
Rum Jo DQoUpX @ . Rnj RuYRu
U\km Tm. FlTm Fem BlT BY Fm,
RVpXV Fu\m . ARXp , eLR BlTm
@R U\dm RP GR Ru\ Fu\ Ls[
Yid\ . @gO]U @jRP . RVpX
Fu ]dm @kR @gO] jd BPm
LPkRp, R]m AuU R] [em. @m
@VUm AuUd @pX . NVtLj Rt\Um
@Yt\d L[kRp BVpTm AuU Fu\um
[em . @qY[YRu .2

1
S.I., ch.II, 18. WUQ tWh, Td. 241.
2
T., 49. YN]mRm-1, Td. 63.
AuU NWQ 179

BqY\m , AuU kR]p U]Rd lTRt


Ld LUV] U]dLhlT @YVlT\ ; @
@qY[ FRu F] TXo \hP]o.
UXp Yk NokR IYo, @XTm U]R FqY
@PdY? BkR NeLPU Fu] Yh Fd\ Fu
NjRo. TLYu jRY\ TWjRo:
DeLd
UhmRu BkRj RpX FupX.
BRVRu FpXm Lh Y\oLs . TLYj R
Tu\ RoU pLm BR YLdu\] . U]m
YLUn @Xm IqY RQm @R
Dsdj U m RTRNjRj RW
Y\u] Y BdLdm ? @ @qY[ XTU]
LVm @pX FuT Fu]Y YvRYU . RPok
Vt NnRp Lm.
A]p FiQjp Fm ANLu u]XV U]m J\.
kRV ILUn NjYRtL] FU BXdp @R]l
TdL VUt T\R Fu im @eLXnjRo @kR STo.
F UrfV @d\R @R]V @]Ym
S\oLs. DeLs U]m Gu FFRV S YLUL
@X\? XQol ThL[p T\dV Urf
DhTP FpX BuTeLm Fek Yu\] Fu eLs
]doLs? @Rd LieL[u! @Y VU
DeLs DskR, AuU-kR Fu\] FuTRd
LioLs . @Ru\ AuUXV U]jRl TdL
DeL[p BVm.1
FiQeL[ Id IlT UjRd L]Us[R Fu
X NUVeLp UdLs \Yi. @Rt TLYu ,
FiY Vo @pX NkRLm FYR]p Vd
@qY Fu\ FuTR AWnkRVj i ,
@YoL[ AuU NWQl TRp Li NolTo.

1
D.D., pp. 257, 258.
180 c WUQ ULu TuULs
AWUWm NkRLeLs FZXm ; A]p @qY
NkRLlTTYo IYo Bk Lid\o FuTp
NkRLm LsYRtpX @pXY? Vo @kR NkR?
HVeLsTYo Vo FuTRm @u]u
XRWjRm LijR u]o HVeLs Vm
tlTm . U\L , Fm NkRLeL[ @Ltd
LsYXV ]kRp FkR m LQ V .
I NkRLm okRp Ut\u [dm . @Ytt
G? A]p, NkRlTYo Fu RVL IYm
DiUp BpX FuTR @u]u XjR Sd
LiQokRu NkRLeLs Vm m.1
U]d LhlT Fu\p U]jR GLdWlTjRp
(ILUn U]m jRp) FuTR TsTm. A]p
UTPR I lhP FiQju U]jR
ILULf NjRp FuT @ojRm @pX (Blm,
@mUV] IL kR]V @Yo FlTU
Ym UjRo Fum NpYRtpX ). U\L, I
NRLu FiQeLs VYt\m Xd, Ru Ds[okR
Bl DQou # Su D[u Fm @L DQou #
R U]m dL Yim.
TL.: GLdWR F]lTY GR Iu\ ]jd
LilTRpX; @ SU DiU BVpTVm. @qY
BdL P @Xdm ]lLd BPeLPjRX
NR]Vm . 2
Su
Fm FiQjR YU] AWnYR
uPUp, @ FkR Xj-k F\ FuTRm
okRWV Yim Fu TLYu RU PLp
Y-j]o FuTR BYW FjRiP YNLeLs
TXYtp LiPm. B AuU NWQVm, YX\

1
D.D., p. 22.
2
T., p. 398. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 118.
AuU NWQ 181

BRV Ujp ( YXTdL BRVjRl Tt Rp


@jVVjp lhPm ) , 1 U]jR lTRm
BQ Nod\. fNVUL, AjU NWQuT BkR
BRV UVjXRu AuU UN]m Jo vXj
RdLULm DQWlT\ .
AuUp UhU U]jR GLdWlT UhX
Urf @pX TuTjt Bhf Np\ . FiQ
@XL[ DsdlT, @PdY, U]R YLULl
TPW PUp Rj jY Fu\pXm \lTYR
YWdVm Am. AuUp U]jRd lTR NR]
(Vt). BRVjp GLdWlT, AuUp GLdWlT
BWim Iu\. AuUu U TVW BRV UVm.2
. . lTWUV : LPY] AuU @Vl
T\YiU]p , ^avWWjR 3 Fh]p Uhm
TR , BRV UVjRm DQW Yim Fum ,
@kR BRVm Uou YXl\m @Uks[ Fum
FkR pLXY \lThs[]Y?
TL .: BpX . FkR @\-m Su BR
FoLs[pX Fu\Tm , UXV[ Up
AoYR p Iup BRVm YXl\UL @Uks[RL
I Nns Tjp LiPu. @Rj Rp UTVoj,
Ds[ StT #@TkRjp Nojs[u.4 Ut\ VL

1
LiL , TdLeLs. 34-35
2
D.D., p. 254.
3
WR] VL NjWjp , DfNk RXs @UklTRLd
\lThs[ AWm BRrL[ V RUW YX] hU
@oR LXNU ^avWWm F]lTY . XRWj-k
^avWWjt iP- Nd Np\Rum, @ ^avWWjRj
Rh XLseLp oLpT ^U (IW TiUVm
UnmUp BWiP\d LXk Y FRU @V Xp
NUkRp ) jd\Rum NpXlT\ .
4
Ds[ StT - @TkRm, TPp 18.
182 c WUQ ULu TuULs
UVeLs Tt SUd IuU RV. @kR UVeLp
U]jR Ij DQoYRp p Fu] jdm Fu
fNVULd YRtpX. A]p, Su Fm FiQm
BRV UVj-k FYRp, @ mTm BRVjXV
Ark @rk @R Iu AuU NhNjLWUn
[em. F FlTV, BY Su LiQokR @TYm.1
@Ld LUXjR VUX YNX
YLY U (m) @Y - RLjR
VLtYR (p ) @q YLU (m ) @Y
VL PlT R .2
[Ts : Ds[okR BRV LUXjp NUks[ V ,
NX]Ut\ @Y @LkRV @Lt YRp @kR BRV
@Y T (RX) @lT FuTRL @L.]
RLm LP (m )Lo NPRt LUk LrXRp
SLm NPXp -p ]m SUVXt
LLe LW]Y[Qok [[d Ls[
NLm WQY Q Y VUoYu .3
[Ts : RLU] UiPm Tu\ _Pm. BRt
Su Fu\ @ BpXRRm, @kR _P RLm BpXR
dLjp ]m SU Bl BVpTLY
@TYUYRm BkR RLm S]pX FuT RY\.
\, Su Fm DQoY EhY F? @K Fe
D[? BqY AuU NWQ k AuU TRjp
ArTYoLu BRV Lp @Y Su (^am )
Fm V WdOVL @QNX Ym VUn Im.]
T .: BRVU AuUu UVm Fu TLYu ReLs
soLs .
TL.: Am. AuUu DfN DVoY] UVm @Y
Am . @p NkRLjt BPUpX . Su Fu\

1
pp. 218, 219.
D.D.,
2
Ds[ StT - @TkRm, TPp 9.
3
Ds[ StT - @TkRm, TPp 10.
AuU NWQ 183

@LkR U\jYm DiUV] Su Fm AuU


BRV LUXjXV Io\.
T.: RLju FkRl Tp @kR BRVm @Uks[ Fu
TLYu ReLs \XU?
TL.: DeLs U]jRp @R] @V V. LtT]d
LhVLm LQlT\ . BkRTm , DeLdf
NpYRu\p @ BeL D[ FuT UhU (Ru
Uou YX\m WX Yjd l\o) FuTu.
@R eLs SWVL DQoYRt IW Y, LtT]L[
jYj , eLs eL[LY Bld LsYRu .
BRV LUXm @eLRu Ds[ Fu eLs @lT
VUL DQooLs. @RV BRV L Fu NjWeLs
BVmu\] .
T .: SU u]oLs BkR UVjRjRu BRVm
FuTsTj]oLs Fu Su fNVm
Ls[XU ?
T L .: Am . YiU]p @lTm Yjd
Ls[Xm . A]p , @R] @TYoYUL DQW
YiUVpX @ Fe BPeLis[ Fu
AWnkRYRtpX. LiTRu Th, Lm LiLs
Fedu\] Fu URu Rd LidL
YiVpX @pXY? @R TuRu Bm. AuU
BRVd LUXm (BRVj RUW) BdLY Nn\. @Rp
@UW eLs @dL\ Nj]p @ FlTm UXok
k YWYtLj RVWL Ds[. DeLdj RkWR
Xm DeLs @NLs BVdLeLs VYttm
ARWm @jY\ . AuUY @kR BRVm Fu
NpYP IdLp Lf NV]R . DiUp ,
AuUY SU UVm. @Y hU BRVUL @pX
AuU DQoYL, Fem Ru]jR] @kR Xp
Ds[T Ds[.
184 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T.: BRVU jR NRuVm @pX AuUu DfN UVm
Fu ReLs mT, @ A VL#UVeLs
(NdLWeLs ) Iu @pX Fu\ @ojRm Rd
tTRLj R\R !
TL .: VL NdLWeLs F]lTTY DP-u rl
T-k TWYXL UX Npm SWm UiPXl
u]p YNs[ YqY UVeL[m . @Y
IqYum RlThP DQo XL[m hU
NdLs @pX @j RuUm LiPY Fum ,
@mUVeL[j Rhf Npm SLs @]jm
[u DfNl Tp AWm BRrj RUW
YX] ^avWWjp Tnf Nu\] Fum ,
@Y @fN Ndu XvR]m Fum
\lThs[. Am, @fNdu WjLs
(BVdLeLs ) VYttU ARWUL Ds[ AuUY
DfNkRXp BPm T\pX. BRV UVj-kRY\
AuU @fNdd VX Edd\ F]Xm .
T .: @lTV]p , AuU FuT @kR DfN Ndu
YlThum Y\]R ?
TL .: DiUp AuUd @uVU] Nd
YlTLs FU PV . AuUY BqR
NdL[Ll TQd\. V VYo AuL @fN
DQoYV NU XV FhmT, BRVLUXjp Im
AuUY @Ydj RkR RVUX @YW NU
XV dLf Nn\. A]p , @YW V DQo
BRVjp UVm Lilu , @Yo Y\kR VL
UVeLp @pX XLp IudmTmP @R
UnmU DQop, @R BRV UVjp, @R AuU
@p Arks[o FuTRm , @eeL]RT
Fem \kRm, Fu\um WkRWU]m, UTPRU]
XlTs[ WdOV @ FuTRm @\o. BRV
AuU NWQ 185

UVjR V UiPXm Fum , ^avWWjR NkW


UiPXm Fum RkW NvWm l\ . B
BYLdPX] RWRW dVjYjRd Lh\.1
U]ejRp FqY I LhPjp VL Y\V
BQ\R @R Tu Td UodLjPm BQdLm
LiTR TLYu X NUVeLp hdLh, @qWi
UodLeLm IW dL Bhf Npu\] Fu\o.
LPPm @p Pm @LkRV Rn
NWQPlTR TWQ Td; @LkR LWk U\k
TYR AuU NW UodLm . Td UodLjRl Tt
@jR @jVVjp Ynd LiTm . Am ,
Bq UodLeLm FqY Iuu\] FuTRl
uYm P [d\.
T .: LiTY]L Sm TnjRt\U Fu\p @R
@LtVu gs[ VW?
T L .: S]Ru , Su Fm WUV Ij ,
( VRojR ) S]L UhU g t\ . oTXj
Rum AuU NhNjLWju kR @lT Bd\.
@kRo @Rp FlWV TjRuUV
LQo . Td UodLjp Fu]Y\ Fu TolTm .
CvYW] S, @Y] HdVUL m\m; Td
WjRPu, IUPu, @YPm SmU
Ild\m . @lT SPlTRu] ? @LkRVV
Su Ie , g tm CvYW NTjp LWk
T\. BRu TWTd F]lTm DjRU Td ; WTj
(@PdLXm) FuTm BY. YWdV LWm BY.
FuPV FuTp GR XYt\ CNPjR
@old\m . @lTu , F] , Su FuTYt\
tm Ilj eLp NoYjVLm IeL
jd\. Su Fu Iu\ Yjd LiPpR]
1
S.D.B., XVII-XX.
186 c WUQ ULu TuULs
F] Fu FRm @UlT NjVlTm! BqY
@LkRV @\Y heLp @kR XU Ik
\ . @LkRV YR DjRU YWdVm . p
@rjRlThPYu Do ZdLj Qd LiP
YV YY Tu\ Wm Yim.1
RUm FiQeLs AuU NR]d Jo\m @TVm
[du\] Fu\p, U\m dL UVdLm Tm
BP\n Fu\. DiUp, AWmT Xs[
AuL NRLoLd BY Jo TV RPVnd
d\! VdLj RPem TRpXm TXdj
dLm LiQf Zt\. V]jR j]p dLm
LXkm ; TV Tnm. @LkRu FolT
dL Yp BPUd\. @R] Vj WhP
Yim .
dLm YYRl Tt . TodLY FuTYo GR
NpXlTL, TLYu @ jl uYU TLu\o:
AuUp U]jR XjR YiV UhU
Sm NnVd VRpXm. @Rtj RPVL BlTYV
XQoYp @T ThLs, ANLs. U]l TdLs
DhTP @]j DXLVRf NUfNWeL[. Ut\ \m
dLm BP [d\ . NU Xu Rp
BP dLU Fu VL pLs TLou\]. dLjR
YpXl TpY Y\Ls NRLu AuL
Y[ofdLlT Fjd \lThs[] . U]dXNm
DiPdm \ `VeL[d LP Yim. A]m,
dLjR @\Y hPm YiVpX. DRWQUL,
LTP D\eTYdm LTP jlTYdm
VL X BpX F] Rp \lThs[ . 2
TLtTp eLY P ; BWmP dLjRd
1
YN]mRm-1, Td.
T., 28. 35-6.
2
TLYj R, @j.6, .16.
AuU NWQ 187

LhlTjR Yim # BW Tj U Rp BWi U


YW eLXm . BRt U\] \Vum
\lThs[ . @RY , dLjRl Tt m
LYXlTPUp , dLm Rm TRpXm D\e
YRj RW NnYRt Y\upXVm. Am,
jdm IqY LQm YU] AuUp
Xj Iu Y @pX V]jp ArY
TU]. Bm\p, D\emTP FiQ YLm
@pX V]m DsWj RPok BVdLm Tm. B
RYL DQWjRdL @TYUm . G]p , U]jp
GRm Jo Wf kR]Pu D\eLf Npm Jo STo,
jRkRPu @R kR] UXe tTR
DQo\o. BqY\, V]jXV NR ArklTYo
D\emTeP NU Xp NUks[YWLY
LRlT\o .1
UtNu]R ]t LsY @YVm . G]p ,
@LkR @t\ Xdj dLjR Jo DRWQUL UL
@dL Yks[o . A]p @Ru LWQUL ,
vWkVLj eYm XdVU Fu @Yo
LVRL @Rt @ojRm BpX . D\dL X FuT
@LkR @t\ Blu Jo BiP, RuQoYt\, Ym
FQV RW, V AuU DQo @pX.

AuU V]jp RPok CThkRYs TXo


Y\ Wf]V uYjRi. @RY,
VjdLp tX NUVeLp U]lTPXjp
YU @pX uV DQoY @pX GR [eL
TV DQoY RuYRL @eLXnjR]o. @YoLd
UL @jR P , @qY uVU TVU
DQoY Vo Fu odLUn NjR YiQm,

1
D.D., pp. 241, 242.
188 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@qYiQeLs Fm XjRV PlVn
SPYim FuTR. @RTu, TWYN X
DQokRRL DtNLjPu RjRYoLdd PjR
Pm @RRu! TWYNm Vd? TVU, UrfV,
RnLd LhY , uV YV FY]u ,
@qY\pXm @TYoYUL DQoYRtj Ru
Fm IYo DiUp BpXRT?
T.: NR] k FiQeLs @t\ XV FhmT
IYLV] BuT LoY @Td\u. A]p
X NUVeLp B]eLQVR Jo TV DQofm
r\R ?
TL.: eLs FR] DQokRm @jR uPd
P. BuTU TVU FYm, @qY DQoTYo
Vo ? Fu eLs DeL[V ]VY VtVj
RPWYim BuTm , p FuTR] @u
lLd @lTt Nu , BUj RuU Vm
Jnk , UnmU UhU Fg tu\ YWp
NR]V P RPWYim . BPPV Fm
BuT#TV @LSofLp RY\m BpX . A]p ,
@kXp @LShPjR jPd P .
FjdLhPL , FiQjR Yu @PdV Xp
BuTUVU] U]XVjp RlTTXj Rum .
@jR uPUp , @]j B#Xl TeLm
tl Tm YWp Y-k @LLUn ArkRY\
NR]Vj RPW Yim.1
TodLY tTL-p (1946, _X 21 @u) uYm
LsL[ uYjRo : ( 1 ) F] AuUj RPX
-k LPYW FqY UtLsY ? ( 2 )
V]jp Arkdm Jo LhPjp TrYU @pX

1
D.D. p. 193.
AuU NWQ 189

uVm UhU U]jWp RhlT\. @RtUp


NR]Vj RPoY FlT?
TL.: IdLhL[, I-L[ Y GRR @pX
Ym uV DQoY FYm @Y
VYtPm eLs Bk LiRu YoLs
B p X V ? u V j R D Q o Y R p S u @ q Y
DQokRu Fu eLs NpoLs . @qY DQm
Su FuTYo Vo Fu\ ShPjXV U]jRd jl
TV YlTR AWmT Rp LPYW eLs
UtLs[ YiV AuU ShPm. V]jp uVm
@pX YUV FgYRl TtV BR LsV
YRkR pLs FpXYtm eLs LQXm. Lhd
LXeL[d LiTm U]U; @Y @TYeL[m
DQoj\. FRm LQR , DQWR Xp Ym
uVU klTRL DQoYmP @kR U]UVu
Y\pX. @kR U]m DiUV] eLs @pX.
SoLhQo , uVm BWiPU YfNhd
Lh\ XV] VmWLNU eLs . DRWQUL ,
SPLm SPTLp @WeLUP [dLp
@WeLjRm, SLoL[m, SPL LrfVm
LioLs ; SPLm tj W kR\m @R
@WeL [dLp Lrf khP FuTRm
LioLs @pXY? @RTuRu. @pX Y\
DRWQm \Xm: tm Ds[ ThL[d
Li\m ; A]p Up @Y XlTYpX
FumT , Su FU LQpXV Fu\m .
@RTu, eLs lhP uVf Z-mP eLs
BdLjRu NnoLs .
vXl Ts , hUl Ts , Ru U\m
Ts AV u ThLdm , Nu\ LXm ,
LrLXm, FoLXm AV u LX XLdm, Utm
190 c WUQ ULu TuULs
uVjtmP eL[ NhVL BdoLs . RNUu
(TjRY As) Fm TZeLRp* UjRm FjR] To
Fu IqYYm Ru] U\khj mTj mTd
LQdLj , UjRm IuT To UhmR]
Bd\m, IjR]d LQpXV, LQUt T]Yu
Vo? Fu Ljj RUV Tu, uVm Fu\ U]j
Ll , LRp LQUt T]Y] IjRR Am .
SmUf td LQlTTY Vm NYRU]YV ,
Sm FuT SU DPX FuTR] FiQlTd Sm
U]jp BZk El Ts[Rp , AuU NR]l
Tdp @Y Vm Sj U\m RYp Sm
BpXUt Tn uVU hPRL Fi TVlT\m.
YL PU -k 212 Utm 213#Am
NnhL[ TLYu Be UtL[L FjWjRo .
@ Y t p , Y l T o j x V u I Y u , T g N
LNeL[m LjRp S , S ( AuU BRpX ,

* AuUY U\kh Y FRFRV RdLQj Rd\m


Fu\ T UVdLjR [dm TZeLR BRu : @lT
B[Oo TjTo Nok WVQm Ye]o. SYp Ys[l
TdLjR Jo At\d LPk NpX SokR . FYWm
Ys[m Ls[ Ls[Up FpXm NVLd LW NokR]W?
FuTRj oUdm Th @kR @lTLs As
LQdLjR]o . IqYYm mTj mT Fi]m
UjRm IuTRu YkR. HV! TjRY ToY Ys[jR
TnhP] Fu @YoLs DhLokTn IlT YjR]o .
@lT @e YkR YlTdLu `VjRd Lh @YoL[
hPsR]jRd LiLiPu . @YoL[j RjRVLj
R]d u] SPdLf Np- , Ru]d LPdm IqYYu
m T[o Fu Jo @ Yj , @ I-L[ Fid
LseLs Fu\u. TjRY @ JN LhPPuRu
@YoLdl ThP u IqYYm Ru] U\kh
Ut\ IuT ToL[ Uhm LQdhd\m FuT !

ANeLWo @V BkR NUvR d I iP


TlWV c WUQ UL Rp Fs[o. (TodL, WUQ
tWh, Td. 111-179).
AuU NWQ 191

BRpX) Fu j dV u]o jR uVU


Ru\, Su Fu Iu\m LQU ? Fu
]Y, BqY @j\o: @LeLWm (@LkR)
DhTP TpY YYeL[ LQlTm YvdLu
BlTm, @Y BpXU Fm YYt\ uVjRm
BYtuUp O] NTUn Bk Li F
BYt\VpXm @u\R, F @Rtm UX Ru]
@YRt IuU BpXUp Ru R_^p Ru]j R]
@YRn RVjp @am, @am (Su, Su) Fu
^R R]LY WLjd Lid\R ( [ed
Lid\R ) @kR jV O]]kR AjUY
@hU jVp @am (Su) Fu @YVL.
TLYu WUQo Um ]o : AuU @pX
UnmUVm Su FuTRu BVpT VmWLNU]
O]IVLY BdLjRu Yim. eLs YqY\]
Rt\ Ut\eL[V @Y Gm @t\ uVjRV
DQoYRLd oLs . FlT ? O]l WLNm
Y\YPk PdLl Tt\RLd L]p @kR
Y\Yd @ FqY hV Fu\ Ls F\.
BqY RPoNe- Tu\ YRLWQ LVd
Ls#PLd Y BW. ALY, AuU IV
Y\ekR TYRtpX . eL[ VU] jR
O]lWLNm. YZds[ Jo DRWQm BRtl Tkm:
TpY YYeLp YqY LXYLs Nojj
NL Blj uTiPeLs NnoLs. A]m
@Ytu Y FpXU jlRu. G]u\p @Y
VYtm NodLW Bd\. BlT NodLWu BVp.
@RTu , FpX @TYeLm , @Y GUt\
YUeP AuUu BVpTV VmWLNm
BZks[. AuU Bu @qYTYeLs LZ, FqY
NodLW Bu eLs RVdm FkR I Tm BdL
FuT Tu!. . . (u]o RPok ]o): R-p
192 c WUQ ULu TuULs
IYo AuUYd Lh RN]eL[Ld Li\o; \
AuUY uV YVLd Li\o ; @Ru u]o
AuUY AuUYLY Li\o. IW I jVNm:
BkRd LP Lrp LiT FuT BpX. G]p
LQp FuT @YLY ARp.1
BkR @jVVjR lTRt uTL, Um I X
lhP \L[m hdLhY SpX. @Y
BuVUVR VLs @pX Fu\Tm @Yt\m
Rk Ls[XU! V]m F]d \lTYR @NdL
X VLs YZdp Ds[]; LXm UXm Jo
jR SWjp UtLs[ Yim; NlTQh @Uok
L ojd LiL[ d Ls[Yim ,
Tu\Y . V]m F]d \lTYR Fu Gu
l\u Fu\p, AuU NWQp Su D[u
Fu\ DsL vUWQV @pX BRVjp
U]ejRXV lYRtm V]m Fu\
YojRV TYLl TVuTjRl T\ . BkR
@jVVjm @kRf Np @qY\ WVdLl
Ths[ . Am , V]m Fu\ TVp TYL
@VlTYR U]V] ArkR LPh kR]
@pX vWQp CTYRm. RWp NlTQh
@Uok VlTR BkV YZdLm. A]p, BjRLV]
@xP] \Ls SW AuU NW\d
@jVYVU]Y @pX. NWQV Jo lhP
LXlTp AWmT Xp UtLiPm, TLl
TL @kR AuU TRU FlTm FpX
FiQeLdm SPYdLLdm ARW vVL
BQk BZk LijRp Yim Fu\
TR] , YZdLU] @xP] VLs @qY[YLj
RYpX FuTRj Rj\.
BYu Yihv Fu\ AeXVo VL NmTkRU] X
L s L s L h P o . u ] o , U u , - R - V
1
D.D. pp. 240-241.
AuU NWQ 193

LeL[d LpYRp Pdm @Ytu RpL[


VLlVN AN]UL DTVjRp NV,
TjRU] LVU? Fu ]]o.
TL .: U]URu Um -m.
Yihv : FpXm TnjRt\m Fu\p , DodLX
t\Ut\ F]XU ?
T L .: Tnj Rt\m Vdj Ru\ ?
TodLlT]p , Sm FpXm RU _ NTjR
DQWU]p FlTm RtLX NnLiP
Bd\m !
Y.: @lVNjt (AuUl Ttd) \kR AN] X
F ?
TL .: F LUd\R @Y \kR AN]m .
LN]m TjUN]m R-VYtp WUm BpX. A]p
O] UodLjp AN]jt ( FkR @eL Xp
@Uokd\m FuTRt ) WRuVm GpX .
Y.: AN] XlTe U]TYjRd lTRU?
TL.: Am, Am.
Y.: -jRp, UuRp, LmT R-VYtu N`eLs
VY ?
TL .: @Yt\l TtV AWnfLu Ls X
VL pLp \lThdu\] . @mLs LkR
NdVl TtVY . O] UodLjp BYVum
RYpX. Ru] DQok RuPU Ru Xj
t\X AN]ju VRojR RjTVm. @lTlThP AN]m
@kRWm (DsLU]); Ut\Y TyVU (YLU)
Vm .
Y.: V]jt Lf \kR SWm F?
TL.: SWm, LXm F]lTY Fu]?
Y.: ReLsRu @Rf Np- @[ Yim!
TL.: LXm FuT (U]d) LtT]V. Ds[ Ts
Iu\ D[ . @R] F # YYLl Td\U
194 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@YYn @ Ru\. @Rd LXm Fu\p @
LXUn Bd\; BlT Fu\p, BlTRnj Lr\.
@Rd LXU]d LiPu, @dLXjR BW, TLp, Ss,
URm, Y`m, U, `m, LQm Fu\pXm TXY
TTj\m. V]jt Gt\ LXm FuT RX]
X VUeLm Lm AWmT Xs[ NRLoLd
SuU TVlT] Fm, O] UodLjtd LX oQVm
YiYpX.
Y.: Up Sh]oLd Gt\ AN]m Fu FRVY
TLYu lhP[ U?
TL.: @YoLd Gt\ AN]eLs BdLXm. A]m
AN]u VdLd PRu RPVupX. BkR
SWjp VdLd P, Bu] DTLWQeLs BpX
V]m NnVdP FuTR] Xd IupX.1
L .: V]m LiQ dLi NnYR @pX
LiQj \kRYm VdLXU?
T L .: B Rm VdLXm . U]m DiL
ShPjp CThlTR dVm . X NUVeLp
LiL[ dLidmT, U\ks[ YN]Ls
TXjPu [mYi. Am, LiLs \kRY\
U]jR DiLUdLp L]Un BdLdm . @Rt
U]TXm Yim. Ut\ `VeLp TPmTR U]m
UT\ . RV @ TjRULY Bdm . Y
`VeL[d WdLUm, Ds[ \ ]ld BPe
LPUm U]m R] ShPjXV WUn BlTR
V]jp dVUn LYdLlTP YiVRm.2
@j Ym @jVVjp FjdLhs[ TX ,
UL WUQo TpY NR] Y\L[ @eLj,
@Yts NRLd DLkRRLj Rum YV @u]o
1
T., 17. YN]mRm-1, Td. 12-14.
2
T., 61. YN]mRm-1, Td. 79.
AuU NWQ 195

UtLs[f NmURm RjRo Fu\Tm ,


@m\L[ SoY NR]V] AuU NWQPu
Zld Ls[dP FuTp LY]UL BkRo .
DRWQUL , S]R RoU XeL[ PVtPu
T Y[ojdLsYRt tLU] TX Y\Ls
Ds[] . @Yt\d j ]VTRpXm @Yo
AuU NWQVV SoYd @mUV] DjLs
RYpX Fu\ FUVLd YkRo.
T .: AuUO]m hYRtL] RVl T\ AVjRm
NnYRt uTL StL[m RnLl
TiL[m Y[ojd Ls[Yim Fu X
pLp \lThs[R?
TL .: StQeLs , RnL BVpLs Vm AuL
@p @PdLm Tu\] ; @YlT @pX @W
QeLs Vm @gO]jp Ds[PeVY . O]m
hmTR @gO]m @\Y @Lu\; RnLl
TiLs @]jm RULY YkRPu\] . AuU
O]m Tt\ I URu Tn TNUhPu ; ]
Vu ; RY\m BZdLUhPu . O] @
TYRtLLj RVo Nn LsYRu Th
StTiL[ Iu\uu Iu\L Y[ojdLiP
TLYim Fu X YRkR pLp \lThs[
Fu]Y YvRYmRu . A]p , SoYVm
O]UodLjRl uTtYo RnLl TiL[
@PYRt AuU NWQ Iu\ TU]; @YoLs
NnYRt Y\m BpX .1
_Tm Y TVs[RL BlTRLd LiTod @YoLs
@qY DfNP]m Nnm \V @eLjRo
Fu\Tm, AuU NWQ Jo UkW DfNP]UL
APXL FuTRm Ytj]o.

1
D.D., p. 239.
196 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T .: AuUY FqY @Y FuTR RVok
o L [ ? S u V o ? S u V o ? F u _ T m
NnVXU ?
T L .: P . I _T UkWUL vUlTRtL]
Y\VpX @ .1
Fm , S] @Yu @pX mUm S]
FuTR] V] \V AuU NWQV Zld
LsYRtL] NjVdLs @Lm. ALY
@qY\] FiQd ZlTjRj RodU @Yo
@dL FfNj YkRo .
S] @Yu, S] Ym (Yam) FuTTu\
V]jp ArYum AuU NWQ YThP
Y\Vm. Ru]j R] @YRV, AuU @
jlTRV , Su @kRd \u . G]p ,
WTgNjRm @Rl TPjRm AiPY]m
@V tTYRt uTL , R-p Vo FuTR
@kLsYp ShPm NjYR N. S] @Yu,
S ] m U m T u \ V ] m G \ j R Z U ] j
R[jXV Lru\. A]p AuU ShPU
SoY\ ; Ut\R P UX] . G]p , AuU
NWjR UtLi UuUm Ark U]e
dLp DiUV] AuU DeL[ YWYtLd
Ljd\ . @Ruu LrY] Vm Y FR]X
LrdLlT\ ; @ DeLs Lp BpX . BkR
NVtWUjp HVeLs Vm RULY LZu
u\] , ArkR jWp BlTYo @lTRd
LYXLs VYt\m U\kY Tu . 2

1
T., 486.
2
S.D.B., VIII.
AuU NWQ 197
@Vu \mU\L [ojPk Ru]
VYu Ru\ok W@ # RRu
BYu\u \iQW uU]Xu
@YR ]VUoY Rp .
Ds[ StT, TPp 32.

[Ts : @ (RjYm @) Fu U\pLs


Y-jd ]p, DP] F Su? Su Vo? Fu\
LY]jPu Ru] SPYiU RW @kRl WmUm
Su Fu FiY (VlT ) U] DWuUu
@VVu Y\pX . G]p eLs @ YLY
Fu\um XLisoLs.]
SPXu \i]X SUYu \iU
SUY tTRt StQV - VUu
SUYu \iYRu ? Su URu
Fu\U
Sm@Y tUR]p .
Ds[ StT, TPp 36.

[Ts: BqPX Su Fu\ FiQm FmTRu


Su B @pX, @Y (mUU) Su FuTR] V]m
@YL XLsYRtj Qm. @Y Su Fu
@qY FlTm Fid LilT G] ? FkR
UR]Y Su URu, Su URu Fu VjjRu
UR]Lj Ru] DQok Ls\]? Sm FlTU
@YL Bk YWjR] Nn\m?]
TgN IYo, _LkSjt @s[ _XfYWj-k
LUL PT NeLWfNVWp @lTl ThPRLd
dLi UL WUQPm YkRo (1936 _u URm). @Yo
DXLm m WVQm NnRYWm. aP#VL @lVNjR
@am WyUv (Su mUUL D[u) Fum V]
YVm IY TZVYo . V]jp , IX
`eLds IuU Ru\ TrU]ULl TYPu
[dLlm UWQ TVm DiPYRLm, @Yt\j
Roj, NV] @TYjR @PV mYRLm TLYPm
@Yo Rjd LiPo.
198 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T L .: Ium Ru\pX Fu Vdj
Ru\ ?
TgN: @qY DQoTYu S].
TL .: uVjtm NhVn [em NRuVU
VTUm AuU .
T.: TLYu NpY NYWl VpXV!
TL .: Su Fu Iu [mV\L UWQTVm
Ru\dm . VPV UWQjRl Tt Vo
TVlT\u ? AuUYm DPXm Iu\nl
QlTRXV UWQTVm DiP\ .
T.: V]jp DPp U\kT\R!
TL.: DPp U\k T\ Fu DQoTYu Vo?
T.: RVpX.
TL.: FR FlTj VdoLs?
T.: @am WmUv Fu Vd\u.
T L .: @am WmUv ( Su mUUn
Bd\u) FuT I ]Y. @lT ]lT Vo?
mU NTm VRojR S]Vm. @ Su mUm
Fu ]V. u]o, @qY ]lT F? T-
@LkRV. @kR @LkRV ]lLs @]ju X
]l. @jRLV @LkRVt t\p Yim. @LkR
[mV \L TVm \Y]m Ruu\].
T.: VdLj RPe]p, U\ U-h [d Llm
TVm DiPu\] .
TL.: Am. [p U]m SdLlTYRp Ll
DiP\ . @LkRu LlT @ . ]ls[
YWm U\lm Bdm. @am WyUv Fum
]lTl Tt\m ; U\lm RPo\ ; @LkR
F\ ; UWQ TVm Ru\ . ]lm U\lm
@LkRdL. @R JPP BLl jRp , TP
ZX] U\km . DiUV] S] @e
kdm. @Y AuU. @am WyUv Fum
AuU NWQ 199

]l , \ ]lL[ @LtYRp , V]jt


@XU]R . @am WyUv Fum IW
]p U]jR IdVm, @qY ]lT F Fu
LYdL Yim . ]lT Su Fum @LkRV .
@ Fek FlTd [m\Ru ok Sd]p
@LkR U\km. @eL TWUjU NTU Xem.
@jPu FpXm kR . UX FmVtm NnV
YiVpX. BlT VRojR Su Iu\VR-u @
Su WyUm, Su WyUm Fu Np-d LiW.
Su URu, Su URu Fu VWY R]djR]
Np-d LilTW? VWm URu @pXY
Fu Folj RjRXu Ru URu Fu
T\NtY]u? @Y] Jo Lm Fu FYm RY\Ld
L]p @u\ @Yu Su Lm @pX, UR]
Fu Y-jR Yim? @RTu, WyUm @pX
Su UhU S]L BlTR Ujd\ VU BpXR
Xp , Su WyUm Fu _jd LidL
@YVpX .1
BkR @jVVm Ym AuU NWQV Jo
dVU] AuLl Tu\VLY V]m Fu\
YLX lhP SWeLp @lVdL DLkR
FuTRL Fjd \lThs[. @kR NR] @qY\
RPdLm T\. Vt RYlTm YWp jR
SWjp ArkR AuU V]jp CTY TVu
@dLY Nnm . A]p , @ UhU TR .
@jRLV V] Xp Ds[TYUL DiPm AuU
DQoY Ut\ SWeLm Y[ojd Ls[ Yim .
DiUXV, @qQo \j iR-u R]LY
Ut\ NUVeLm l\j RPe, TLlTL IYu
SPYdLLs VYtu ARW vVL BZ Tm.

1
T., 202. YN]mRm-1, Td. 197-99.
200 c WUQ ULu TuULs
@R] UuUm BPV\ RPWf NnYR XhVm.
VRojR DXL SPldLPV AuL ShPjRm
UtLs[Xm, RU S AfWUm TL YiVpX
Fu TLYu Y-jVR u\m @jVVjp
lhPm. @R] Um [dm YLp uLiP
YNLm FjR[lT\.
T.: U]jR DlTjYRt V]m UtLs[ BPm,
LXm, SWm IdL YiV @YVm BpXV?
TL.: @lVN TXjRp NT DQoYl Tt t\p
UuUm PUm. @kXp V]jt Fu SWm
YdLj RYpX . AuU @u RW Nt\
PUhPp , YXLp CThkRm mU
kRm @qY BPV\ BkLiP Ym;
U] @U LXV . V]m SU BVpTVm . \
FiQeLs dmT @Yt\ Xdm VtV
uh @R V]m Fu Np\m. \ FiQeLp
RP @LuhPp, SU BVpTm NT XXV
BlTm . @Y VRojR V]m . NR]u
AWmTRNp , V]jRj RPeV DP]V
FiQeLu YLm @Ldm. @Rl ThTjR
UX Nu\p V]m SU BVpT Fu DQoYm.1
kRV @jVVjp \lThs[ LWQjRVhV
FkR AuL NR] \Vm Jo WLVULY
YjdLi , @R] UtLs[j R YnkR
TjWUL @Yo fNdm SToLd UhU @kR
WLVjR @kRWeLUL DTRdL uY\o. Am,
TLYu WUQo TjR AuU NWQ UodLjtL
@qY\] u_dWR vLs RYpX. FkR
I STm @fNR] \u Te] VUn
DsYed Ls[ BVmT @qNWQ UodLm

1
T.,. 310. YN]mRm-2&3. Td. 64.
AuU NWQ 201

R] k Y\; AuU NWQu Tdl


VRYoLdL @mUodLm @PTh \.
T.: AuL NR]f Nn\Vl TjRYWp TLYu
ReLs @s[ jRLeLp LQl TTY
UhU TU]R, @pX @Rt Um Rk
LsYRt GRm Td Ds[R? Gu Lh\u
Fu\p, TYL G]V U\ [dLeLp SRo
Jo X Nn\L[ WLVUL YjdLi ,
p Pd hN YZemT UhU @Yt\
@kRWeLUL JYo FuTRL @\u.
TL .: BkRl jRLeLp Lis[Ytt @LUL
Y\m @YRtpX. Bp WLV Y\ IuU
PV. EWkR WLVm B! 1

1
D.D., p. 281.
@jVVm A
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls
T.: AuL NR]d FkR Y\ Lf \kR?
T L .: @ @YWYu U]lTuUVl TjR
`Vm . IqY STm R] oY _uU
NmvLWeL[ ( Q BVpL[ ) \ Fd\o .
IYd GRY Y\ XTULj Rum ;
Bu]Yd Y\ Nn\ NjVlTm. BRtl
T Gm YWVdL V.1
uYm YNLjp , FpX Y\Lu
NVpSdLjRm @Ytu dL[m TLYu
WUQo l\o.
O] NWm UtLs[ @SL Y\Ls Ds[].
Su Vo ? Fu DeL[V eLs ]m AuU
NWQV @lVdLXm; @ DeL[ @qY[YLd
LYWpX Fu\p, @am mUv (S] mUm)
@pX @Tu\ NtL[ U]p vUjj VdLXm.
BpXVu\p GRm I UkW DfNP]m Nn
_dLXm ; @pX lhP WojR]V AYL]m
NnVXm . BkR IqY xPkRjm U]jR
ILlTjYm, IW FiQjp U]ej @RuXm
Ut\ FiQeL[ Xdd LsYU NVpSdLUL
@U\. BqY NnRp, @kR IW FiQm p
U\k, U]m @Ru Xjp @Pe @kTm.2
PdPo UNXYX FuTYo, O]vYW ULWw Fu\ Vu
TdRm, RU 28#Y YVXV O]m DdLlTt\YWLd
LRlTTYU] RU SiTo .L. @_LeLPk

1
T., 580.
2
D.D., p. 24.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 203

PdLlTt\ LRUu\l TLYu WUQPm NUoljRo.


@dLRjp, Fu]l WQu Fu \n. BqXp
WQm BpXRo FYo? Fu @Yo UNXYXd
FkRo. TLYu WUQo BR] AUj, Bu LX
(15#3#1940) LrjV TR]Wp @R Tdp BqY
TLu\o: Su R-p SmU Jo YWV\d DhThPYoL[L
SU LdLs\m; @Ru u]o YWV\L[d LPkR
WQjYjR S\m . A]p SU FlTU
TWQU]YoL[LY BkY\m. SU AuL
VtLs VU Sm GR YWmd DhThPYoLs Fu\
@gO]jR @LtdLs[ tTYR Am.
@dLRjp Um BqY FRlThkR : A
@jYR YRkRju @_R jRkRjRV WUQ UL
FjWd\o. DiUp @ Nt L]U]R. BRd
lh TLYu WUQo uYU [d]o :
VW
@YPm @qY dL Yim. Su
@_R jRkRjR UhU @jRpX . YRkR
YReLs VYt\m Su GtdLs\u . BlT
Fu]Y Iu\V] @R DiUV , LhTu
Ls\dj RdLY YqY RUL @PV[l
Tj @dLlThs[. @_R jRkRlT, Iu\Vm
UnmUVj Roj Y\m PV. \lm BpX
B\lm BpX; \jRpX, @Ljp Rk Ls[
GpX. NR]pX . NRLpX ; TkRpX.
UhNpX. TWmTs Iu\ D[. BY TWUojR
NjVm, (UidV DT`j, LL II-32).1 BR]d WlT
UjRd L]m FuTYoLs, SmUf tm Sm Lm
1 ARpBX @pX @m BX , TjRoBX
NR]Ls NnYm Ntm BX - URLY
YKYo RmBX t\o RmBX
BKR TWUojRm Fi.
YNLdLY (TPp 1227) .
[BRu [dLm @jR TdL @dlp ]
204 c WUQ ULu TuULs
iUV] DXLjR FqY BpX Fu \dLdL
m? Fu LhTRt Gt\ PVL, U]jRj RW
DXLm Fu RVL GpX . U]U LiT]Lm
LhVLm Ru U\\, L]d LhLs TX Fu
\lThs[ . BY x # x Fm
jRkRUm . BRm k Ls[j RVeTYoLs ,
L] Ld V SWjp LrY ; A]p DXLm
FlTm Bk Y\R ? L] @TYm F]d
UhU ; A]p DXLm BlTR Su UhUpX ,
@]YU IuTp DQo\oL[ , LiQWd
Liu\]W ? Fu LhTYoLd PVL ,
AuUum ALNm , ALNjum Y ,
@Rum Xl TsLs , @Y BYV] YNd
WUULj RtdLlTu\] Fu [dLm \l
T\. BY WU#x @pX xP x
YRm F]lTY . @qYLV]od BkR [dLU
VYW lVlTRL Ds[. BRm U]p Yed
Ls[ BVXRYoLs RUds[V l ToLs:
@Ru]Y, FqY BkR X UiPXm, RNlTPeLs ,
G]V gO] AWnfLs, YuLsLs, ShNjWeLs
Utm @Ytu BVdL Ls VU tm
DiUVt\Y Am ? BYoL[ NUR]l
TjYRtLL, AUm. FpXU AiPYu TPlLs.
eLs @Yt\l TodoLs; @qY[YRu! Fu
dL Yis[!

( BX = BpX . TjRo = TkRt\o . URL = UuU , T .


YKYo = Yk mYo ). ULu YNLeL[ Yn ,
[dLUnj RjRdm X] YNLd LY , @YW
TWU TdRo L LYd LiQ L]Wp (1890-1973) BVt\lThP
1254 TdLm, ULV BVtV 28 TdLm LiP.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 205

PdPo UNXYX AhNjRo : BkR YqYRU]


LhTLs FpXU DiUVL BdL
VRpXY? BYts GRm IuRu DiUVL
BdLdm .
TLYu: BkRd Ljd LQeLs VU TR]
TTYoLu Rdj RdLY DYdLlThPYV .
RRXm TWmTs Iu\Vu YqY\pX .1
AuU NWQVl uTt\ BVXRod Ut\
Y\L[ TLYu TkWjRTm @Yo FuPm
(AoRo AvToPm) Ut\ FpX Y\Lm AuU
NWjtL Bhf Npu\] Fu @kRd
s[o. @YW TdRoLs VWm @kR SoYVpXR
Y tYV] Nn\ RUd Gt\RL @U\
Fu LiLp , @u]W @qY\ @R]
UtLi RPU YLh]m , u]o
TlTVL AuU NWQdL @YWj lYo.
LP[ Sm YqY NRLoLd LQdLt\
NR]\Ls BlTRd lh TLYu Nu]o :
IYo FkR Y\V UtLs[j RdLY @UVl
T\W , @RuTV IqYYm @YWYo
Y\Vl uTt\ BPUdL Yim . Y\
Y\V @Yo YdLhPVULj lT RL.
FuTYo RU Pu mm YXV @Y]l
TL h , u]o @Yu NV] TdY XV
FhVPu @fN UodLjp @Y] Us[ Us[j
lYo. I UhPo Yi @YLULf NpYRL
Yjd LsYm; @Rf NhP] j NUt]p
XXk Lrk Sem @pXY?2

1
D.D., pp.149-150
2
D.D., p. 42.
206 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Ut\ Y\Ls VU AuU NWQu
@YVjRj Rodu\] FuTpX. TodLlT]p ,
@Yts X , AuU NWjR BQkRRLY
YjRdLlThs[] .

NjNeLm
AuU NhNjLWjR DQoYRt O IYu
uXV Lf \kR NLVUm . BY Nj NeLm
F]lTY. SpXYoLs Fu Sm Fim X URoLs
IuY I ^j NeLm AP. TodLlT]p,
^j Pu ( AuUPu ) NeLlTR ^j#NeLm .
BqY\m, ^j FuT ^j T[ (UnlT[)
NhNjLjR TVoL[m dm. BemP , ^j
FuT AuUYVLVp DPX] Ou
uX ^jNeLjt @YVpX Fu TLYu WUQo
X NUVeLp [dLm @js[o . BkRTm ,
Ou @LUVp PdLlTm SuUL[m
TPp ]ks[o.
NjQd Lj]t NoTLg NoTLXf
jRju No RU - jRfNo
Tt\ WXX Xt\o Yuj
Tt\ WYQdLm Ti .
[Ts: OVPu BQYRp ANTN NoLs
@Lm ; U]ju SXR FiQf NoLm
RkTm. @qY U]m Rt\YoLs @XL[t\
XT\] UnmUV Iu u\]o; Yud
( BmUXV T ) Tu\]o . @jRLV
OVu uXVl Ttl TRp L Su.]
N\ NW[g NoR NWjR
XTW UmTRe LnU - YU
TRL] tT[t iVjRt uU
NRLjRt NWYQ Rp .
[ T s : ( OL[V ) NdLu D\
hVYoLd BeLV BlTR D[m Rk, ArkR
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 207

AuU NWju YXn T\dV BRVoYU]


TWUTR X (DfN DVoX ), TRLo IYu JRp
YXLY, U\ pL[l TjRYRX, iV
LVeL[X @pX Y\kR Y\]X
PdLl T\.]
NdL [Yo NLYN (m) Si] (p )
GdL(m) Bk (R) VU(m) FpX (m) - URdL
Ri Fu\u UR(m) Ru NY
LiPu] LV (m) .
[ T s : OVW IuRp PdLl
Tt\u , Y VUeLs FRtLL ? okR Ru\p
mT d @eLu] YXVm, V Np .]
RTkRi NkW]t \VSt LtTLjRt
TTkRu LeLVt TU - RTR
-mu U QpX NdL
PmU RN]jRt \u .
[Ts : (U] , DPp ) RTeLs (DxQ
GdLeLs )
okR NkW Ip RYPu\]; YUm VWm
(]jRRj R\) LtTL hNjRp @Lu u\];
TTeLs Vm R LeL Wp LYlTu\]. A]p,
BkR YL Bu]pLU LWt\ Ou Ym RN]
UjWjXV Xu\].]
LmUVUk ojReLs LuUiQk RnYeL
[mULjd LhQV VLY - UmUYY
Vi] [tnU VnlT NdLs
Li]t LiPY Li.1
[Ts: ojR VjWL[, LpXX UiQX
DYdLlThP RnY RN]eL[ , Ou LQ
LPhNjt BQVL . Ut\ VYt\m FiQt\
ShL[Lj RPok UtLiP \L IYo nU
T\dm . A]p Ou @hT-lT] Lif
Iu\ Tm IYW nUp ndL.]
1
Ds[ StT#@TkRm; YiTdLs \V 1 Rp 5 YW.
208 c WUQ ULu TuULs
UtT Hk YiTdLm TLY]p RXULl
]VlThPY @pX FuTR Be lP Yim.
BY ANeLWo BVtV NUvR XLeLu
RZdLU. Ds[ StT # @TkRjp NolTRtLL
TLYu WUQo @Yt\ Nns Yp UTVojRo.
BWiPY YiTp TRLu JRXp DfN
DVoXV FhP V Fu TsTm Yp ,
TRLu FuT Fu\ @ojRjp @pX, NRWQ
ANu Fu\ @ojRjXV WVdLl Ths[
FuTm LY]jtV .

WQVUm

WQVUm FuTRt YqY [dLeLs Ds[] .


fN @PdY , @pX Jo lhP olWUQ
\p fN Dsj, j YY, @pX
YNjR YU] okQm Xp NUY
FpXU WQVU \LsRm. WQVU VUjR
UL WUQo @dL XjWjRTm FkR
\p @R UtLsY FuTRd jj
hPYhPUL Yjf NpXpX . WQVUm
@lVlTRt @YW IlRX YiYo ,
GtL]Y VWm I TjR \lT Tt
Nn YTYWLm, @Rj RPok k YWXU Fu
@m ThP TLYu WUQu @UVd
LTYWLm BkRR BRt IdLp
LWQUdLdm. @Yo @qY FkR Nn\Vm
@eLdLj RLU LiPYo Fu\ Tm ,
WQVUju hT#hT Nn\V [dVpX,
Rm UtLiPpX.
TL .: @xPeL VLd L[ [dL Y]
pLs TX BlTRp, @Yts AuU NR]d TVuTPd
V I X LjdL[ UhU Yks[u. @kR
VL \Vl Tt Um TWUL @V mYo,
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 209

@R @xj Ym @TYm dL VVYW


@L .1
DLkR WQVUm Fu @Yo TYL B]m LiP
R] YN BVdLjR DulTLd LYlT UhU;
G]p @Y TjWU] NVp\. N` Rof
Tt\ VLN] u YLhP-u UtLsm
Ut\ dL WQVU Nn\Ls V Fo[Ls
\kRY.
YZdLUL @Ndm WQVU \V # @RY 1:4:2
Fu\ RNWjp \V fNj odLUn Bj,
Ds[Pd j , u]o I Wn YY #
SpXR]? Fu . ULo WNj ]VRt
UL uYU TXjRo :
@mUV]
LXlWUQm NokR WQVUjRd
LQdLs Gm NnVUp X NUVeLp @kRWeL UkW
DfNP]m kRY @NlT U]jR LhlTjR
DR\; @qY[YRu. @qYu YNjRd ok
LYlTp U]R XdLf NnYm I YLV]
WQVUU. fN @PdYR @Wm YnkR TXYkR
Y ; YLhPf NV] BpXu e
[dLdV. A]p, YU] YN BVdLjRd
ok LYlT XTU]; @p @TV So Gm BpX.2
WQVUjR UtLs[ BN @lTp UL
kR FfNdLPu BkRo. @Ru TVu V FuTR
[d]o # U]jRd LhlTjm Vtp @ Jo
TXVVu @Rt Y ULjYm IupX
FuTR @YW o.
YNjtm U]jtm DtTjvR]m Iu\
FuTRm, BqWip GRm Iu Ie]p Ut\m

1
S.E., 34.
2
D.D., p. 47.
210 c WUQ ULu TuULs
VtuV Iem FuTRm, WQVUm R-V
NR]eL[p DiPm WQ XV YXL U]XVm
GtTm FuTR VLN]ju @lTPj RjYm.1
U]jtm WQdm \lPm Iu\. ]Y
U]ju NTm. Su Fum ]Y U]ju Rp
]l; @Y @LeLWm (@LkR). @LeLWm Fek
DtTjV\R @ekRu fm [m\. ALVp,
U]m @Pem T WQm , WQu @PemT
U]m @Pem .
WQm Ut\ Doj lLm U]ju vX Tm
F]lTm. UWQLXm YWp U]m WQ]m, Doj
lL[m DP-p YjdLi @Yt\ EdjR
YiQd\. DPp Udm LXjp U]m @Yt\m
LYokLi Tu\. A]p, ArkR dLjuT
U]m @PekRTm WQm Doj lLm
@PeYpX. RLju TLlu jRm, RLU]
UjhPR Fu \o H\R YiQm BqY CvYW
VVp GtThd\. A]p, l Xm NU
Xm U]m @Pe\T WQm @Pe\.
ALVp WQVUm U]jR @Pd YRtL]
NLVUVu U]SNm NnV.2
c TLYu IlRXl Tt\ WQVUm , U]jR
SWVLd LhlTjR BVXRYoLdL RYlTm
Fu BRum RVY\.
T.: WQVUm BuVUVRRo NR]U?
TL.: U]jR SW NWjRX Td]X YNUdL
VRYW WQVUjR @xdL YiYm .
TodLlT]p, WQVUju u XL[] WNLm

1
S.I., ch.II. 3(IV). WUQ tWh, Td. 231 (DTRN UgN).
2
W., 12. WUQ tWh, Td.189-190.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 211

(YNjR YRp ) , WLm ( DsYeRp ) Utm


mTLm (fN @PdRp) FuTYt\ \V RLjU
jV (BqPX Su Fu\ FiQjR) Rp, Ru]
Ds[ RRp , Utm R]n t\p FuTRLY
O]YV NpYo NpYo . @Y um Sam ,
Lam, ^am (S]pX, Su Vo, S] @Yu) Fu
eLd \lTm. BY um @am (Su) FuTR
RPok Y\ . @R]l Tt @YLY BdL
Yim ( Ru]l Ttj R]LY t\p Yim )
FuTR SW NR]Vm . ALY, @Xm U]jR
@U\f NnV fl TdYWYd LYjRp Jo
DTVUVu Y\pX.1
WQVUl TtV Jo RlThP Nn\VL c
TLYu TkWdLpX FuTm , U]jR
@PdYRtL] @\ UhU FuTm @YW
PLs YXnj RVY\ . @m\u
[Ls WkRWU]RpX Fum @Yo FfNjRo.
U]m @PeYRt (AuU) NWQVj RW Y
RkR DTVeLs BpX . Ut\ DTVeL]p @PdL
tThPp , U]m @Pe]t T-k , UTm
[mm. WQVUjRm U]m @Pem ; A]p
WQu @Pedm YWp U]m @Pek,
WQu (f) YlTmT Rm YlTh YN]
YVjRp (U]jp Tks[ FiQl TdL[p) @Xm.2
ALY UL YjRjs[ AuU NW UodLjp
WQVUjRl TVuTjTYoLs @kR DTVjR
FlT LP Yim FuTRm RkLsY
dL @YVm.

1
T., 448. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 145.
2
W., 12. WUQ tWh, Td. 189.
212 c WUQ ULu TuULs
WQVUm U]jRd LhlTjR DR\ FuTRu
LWQUL, @qY\] NLVu U] JhPjRj Rj
jR BVXRYoLd UhU @ T NnVl
T\. U]jR @Pd ILlTjRd VYoLdL
WQVUm @YVm BpX . YiU]p , AWmT
Xp @Rl TVuTj , U]jR @PdY
LVPu WQVU @lVNjR hPjRu
Yim . 1
WQVUjRl TVuTjYp u_dWR RY
FuTRtL] Ut\ LWQm, @ U\hTU] SoLQp
Tu\ DQod LXeL[ DiPd, NRLu LY]jR
@Y] DiUV] dLum N l
Pdm . @UxV NdLm , UV ]R
@TYeLm AoYm LsYR , ANlTYR
PY P Fu TLYu FlTm FfNj Yks[R
@jR @jVVjp LiTm . WQVUjRl
TVuTjYRt FWLm tX NUVeLp @Yo
@RTu FfNdL NnRo.
WQVUm DRLWU]R . U] GLdWjt
(U]m I]lTYRt ) DRm UodLeLp @m
Iu . @XTm U]jR Bj @PdYRt @Rl
TVuTjRXmRu . A]p , FYm @jR
uYRtpX . WQVUm Xm U]m @PdLm
FnR Xp PdLlTm @TYeLs Fm Xj
PUp , Su Vo ? Fm AuUojRd LsVp
U]jRd LYNh, AuUp U]m BWiP\d LXdm
YWp @LL ShPjRj RPW Yim.2

1
D.D., p. 196.
2
D.D., p. 191.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 213

AN]eLs

c TLYu uXp TdRoLs NlTQh @Uok


V]m NnY YZdLUkR . A]p , @Ll
WVNPu UtLsm VL jWLs @pX
VLN] XL[ FYm uTtVpX . Nu\
@jVVjp [dVT , VL UodLjt DLkR
@qY\] XlTeLs, AuU NWQ UodLjt
@qY[ @YVlTYpX .
T.: V]jp @UW FjR]V AN]eLs \lThs[].
@]jm \kR AN]m F?
TL.: jV^]U @]jm UX] AN]m.1
(AuUj V]jRV dm jV^]m Fum Np
AN]m Fu YRp, SLfYPu TLYu @qY
]WVu, @ Jo AN]UpX FuT Lj RYm).

aPVLm
T .: aPVLjRp DPX SVt\RLf NnLiPp
UtLi @jVjU NR] RPVtdm Fu
Xo Np\oL[?
TL .: R-p SkRpR] @Rf NnVXU
BRf NnVXU Fu\pXm Fi\m? @lTV]p
SmUV k Ls[ UX NpYRu ?
aPVLYLs YW Yjd LiR] jWm
FRYim FuToLs . DiUp AuUY
@]jtm ARWUm YWL Bd\ . DPm
aPVL NR]LU @Ru s[ jWeLs.
T.: A]m, AuU NR]d aPVLm L DRm Fu
Xd\oL[ ?

1 T., 557. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 229.


214 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T L .: Am . FqY[Y YRkRm Tjm U]m
@PeLRYoLm , Ds[m R\R Xm ,
aPVLjRp U]jR @PdL ]d\oLs .
WQVUL[p DiPm U]YPdLm
RtL-LUVR-u, NWQVX U]jR @LkRVm
@Ru YW L[V Yim.1

T _V DtSdRp
T.: _ RN]m Tu\ YL[ @NdLd PR?
TL.: Tm R-V IL[ Dt SdVY BkRp
@lTRd U]m U\jlTn IR XVm DiPm.
@m RtL-LU]R. @R]p Fu] TVu?2

SR DTN]

FekR Fm I- BZp U]jR Xj Ij


SRTN] Ym Di # I- Fu\p NVtLV]
T[L JNV BNV-V @pX; hUU] GR
I R[j-k FYRLj Rum I- @X DQoYm
@ . BjRLV SR # DTN]d UL Ul
RdLpX Fu\Tm , @qR I-V
NUlTYo Vo? Fu R-p LieLs FuTo.
SR#@NkR]jRp PdLlTm U] GLdWLm Su\
Fm , @Y FpXm @pX ; @Rt Um AuU
NWQ RPok UtLsY @YVm.
_Wj TdRWYo Rm SRNkR]m @lVlT
RLm @qY\m SpXR] Fum ]]o.
TLYu: U]m IUlTP DTRdLlTm YLp
Iu\ SRNkR]m. @qYV NpYo @R Lm
LrYo; Lm FV SoY @Y FuTo. RXh]p
1
T., 619. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 271-72.
2
T., 27. YN]mRm-1, Td. 33.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 215

ZkR eYTX, SRjRp U]m NU Xm


Fu\oLs . WRNl WVQj-k m Ym
B[YWN] , @WNu RdL YjV LxPu
YWYtTTXY, B\Y]m RmU SR NgNWjPu
YWYt\ Fum NpYo. U]jR GLdWdL SRm
QV Am . A]p @jPu pX , @RV
UuUm Ttf NpXdP. SU XhVm @ @pX.
R] R] XhVUn BdLYim . Ru]V Ru
Ttf NpXu, U]m GRY I- XVjp @km.
XVm YkRm XVju Nh R XhVm BdLYim.
NWQV VRu SR#DTN] SpXR. @lT
SRm RuUVUnf uUVUn [em . @jRLV
SRTN]Vp GLdWR (IU) L\.1

BRV UVjX, Y UjX


U]ejRp

Stp B YeLu Ujp XhVm Li


VlTm Jo VL \. @RP UkW DfNlPu
@qY U]elTRu TVu\Y TLYu
@eLjRo. A]p, @Rd Lhm, Uou YX\m
@Uks[ hU BRVjp U]jRl TlT
TjWU], At\p dL FuTRm FjWjRo.
Ls (SjRW YV]W] Jo UWjV U): Su O]vY
U t m N W N L W m A V W k R e L [ l
Tjd\u . Y Ujp XhVm Li
V]m Nn Y\u . VdmT DPp
SdLm TVm DiPu\]. BjRPL[ @Lt
AuL @jVPm YVd LijR[
Yi\u .

1
T., 148. YN]mRm-1, Td. 153.
216 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL .: ToYV Y Ujp YjoLs ; A]p
TolT Vo FuTR U\khoLs ! TolTYo R
XhVm BkRp FpXm NVm.1
YkRYo : S t l Y e L d P V U ] e j j
VdU \lT\. @ NV] \V?
TL.: Ru BlTR FpXm DQWY Nn\oLs.
Am , @kR DQoYl \dLj , Y\eLeL
LP[j R @Xu\]o. Y Ujp LY]jRl
TV YlTRp Fu] TVu ? U]jR ILlTjR
DRYR @kR SpWu XhVUm . FiQ
@XL[j Rj, kRVf R\PUp YlTRtL]
YdLhPV \Ls Bm Iu. @ U] JhPjRl
TXYkRUL I V TRp Bjf Nu, u]o
XjR DR\. A]p Su Vo? Fm NWU
O] ltL] W_ThP . eLs lhP YV
U]jRl Tj @PdYR u\ . @kR
U]jRV @pXY @V XdL Yim.?2
T.: BRVU DQou BlPm F]m, @m AuUm
Iu\ F]m c TLYu NpYi. BRVm FuTRu
NV] Ts Fu]?
TL.: BRVjRl Ttd Ls FYRtd LWQm
Du XvR]jR @V AYYR. YLs VT
NWjm, Su FuTRu UnmUV @Ym W
VShPm Ls\oLs. LPs, AuU, BRVm, DQou
Ds[m (UVm) F] FkRl TVWp ]m @Y Vm
Iu\. Sm @k Ls[ YiV Lj Fu]Yu\p
BRVm FuT Ru Blu XUV UjVm (UVm)
FuTR . @KRu BpXVp Y\uU BpX .
@RuLi BkR @XU @Ukdm.
1
T., 162. YN]mRm-1, Td. 160.
2
T., 557.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 217

T.: A]p c TLYu BkR _P DPds BRVjdL]


UoTL UVju BWp YXjR Jo vR]jRd
jlT Gu?
T L .: Am . ULuLu @TYlT @Ru
@jVjUTYju UjV vR]m. BkR BRV UjVm
BRVm Fu\ TVp @VlTm UNl iPUV
WjRNVm @pX. BkR @jVjU BRV UjVm DP-u Jo
@eLm @pX . BRVm FuT Du Blu Xm .
@qY[Ru NpXXm . Du S] L] pLm,
VYLWjm , ArkR xPm DiUp
Ius[ @XV.
T.: @lTV]p @R FlT RLjp BPmT\ YlT?
@lT @Rt I vR]jRd lT RLLXjt
@lTp Ds[R I T[L FpXd DhTjYRL
Am @pXY?
TL.: @ NRu. A]p, BRVju XV DQW
m\Yu Ru] DPds BlTY]Ld
L\u @pXY? BlT Ls LhmT, Du
DPp UjWm Be BlTRLm , FeLV Bk
TYRLm T lTV ? BpXV ! RL T YjR
NL_ULd Ls\VpXY ? BRu ThP T[L
DPXl Tt GRY Y @YVlT\.
DiUp jR NRuVU GLm; TWQm; D@t\;
Ds # Y @t\ ; BPm YXm @t\ ; BRVUV jR
NRuVjp NoYm @PdLm . @Rt @VXn IuU
BpX . @Y jRkRm ( Y] DiU ) . Am
YLW xVd LiP BRVjt BkR T[L
DP-m I vR]m LtdLlT\ .
T .: @lTV]p BRVUju @TYm , Uou Jo
lhP BPjp Bd\Ru TLYu ReLs
NpYR FqY @k LsY?
218 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL .: V @ (DQo ) UVU] BRVm T[L
DPPu gjm RPo @t\, U]jRm LPkR,
RNLX YWV\LdLpXm @lTtThP Fu\
DiUV] XV @eLj hPp , Ut\R
VpXm @kRl TWUojR xp V @VXm .
BjRLV LWQR jR @ Ou @TYm .
@gOd RLjUj (RLU Su Fm DQo )
FjR] NL_U , Od TL (DYeLs @t\ )
jV ^jY (Fus[ TWU NjVjR DQok
Tm O]m ) @jR] NL_m . A]p BkR @
^TLULY ( DPP] ) , TLULY
( DPXt\ ) BdLXm . LYX @p O
RNLXR] (BP#LXj RPW[L[d LPkRY] ) .
FuTRp RLjp BRVju XVl Tt @kR vp
LsV FZ . Am , NRuVjR h Do
tLRLVp @kRf NRuVjRXV DPXm
TdLlT\. DPQo V. FpXVt\ jV
^jY#@TYjR @ NU]UL. DPX FuT,
O Ru]j Ru F] DQokdm jR NRuVju
@UjWl WmTU . RuPV FpXVt\
VmWLN UnVu WmTd WQU @Yd
DPQo. Bm\pRu O Ru DP-u BlT
DQo\u. jR NRuVUm TL yRV vp
Od RLl WdOV BpX VLVp , @Yd
DPQo GtTm TRpXm ] XUL BRV
@TYjd DPs Jo vR]m lPl T\.
T.: BRVju WjVhN @V, @Ru vV
(OTLU) BpXR Fu Tu\YoLd Bq `Vm
k LsY LxPULj Ru\. BRV
vR]jR lTRt Ym ELU ARWm
@pXY ?
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 219

TL.: @lTV]p BRlTtf klT VojRU.


ELjR UhU ARWULd LsYRtpX ;
DsQoY ARWUL @UV Yim.
T.: @kR DsQo Vd Di?
TL .: FpXdm !
T.: BRVjRlTt F]dmP DsQo Di Fu
TLYu Ud\W Fu]?
TL .: BpX . BRVju DsQoYl Tt @pX;
RLjp Du BRV vR]jRl TtV.
T.: F]dm BRV vR]jRl TtV DQo Di Fu
TLYu Np\W ?
TL.: Gu NpXdP?
T.: (Ru]f hdLh) Fu] SWLd jR TLYu
Np\o ?
TL.: Am. @YRu DsQo! BlT Du]
NnLVp FlT DQoj]n? Uou YXl\jp Du
LV Yjd Lh]n @pXY ? @Ru BRVju
BlPm .
T.: @lTV]p BRV UjVjRl TtV WjVhNTYm
GtTPdm YWp Su BkR DsQoYV
SmdL YiU ?
TL .: @q sQop Fu] Z ? I Ts
UQYu , Su BkRd LQdLf NVLf NnRu ,
Fu\u, @pX Su JhPUn J DeLs jRLjRd
Li YWhU ? Fu Lh\u Fu Yjd
LseLs. @lT, LQdLf NVLf NnRRLj Ru
RXVd lY] ? @pX jRLjRd LiYW,
Ru] YLULd Li Tm LpL[d
lY]? Bq `Vjm @Y] Wp Uou
YXl\jRV NL_Und dm. BfNnLVp , Su
FuTRu vR]m Rup @qPjp Ds[ Fum
220 c WUQ ULu TuULs

LmW RjYjRj Ru]VVUXV YlTj\u.


BqRm BRVUV AuUYj R]LY lPf
NnY ZVt\ DsQo Am . BkRf NnL
NL_U] . FpX UdLdm BVtLV] . BRt
XdpX. BRVUjVm DP-p BPmTt BlTRt
BRP Y\u] WUQm Yim?
T .: AuU DQou BPm Y UVm , BRVm Fum
BWis, F N?
TL.: NR]dLL Y UjVjp TY] NnVXm.
@ U]d LtT]VLY m . Du RU tm
Sj, FkRl TWU AuU#@uLi IuThl
T\V @ U]Rm (U]jtm @lTtThP ) .
@kXp @Rt @VXn RlThP VR Yvm
VV vR]UL (Du]j RojR RXl T[L)
DQWlTP UhP.
T.: Fu LsV Y\ RUL Yd\u . Y
UVjR AuU XVULd \XU?
TL.: @u XU] AuU, _dW, vYl], ^`l
@YvRLd (l , L] , ArkR D\dLm AV
@TYeLd) ARWUu IldLs\m @pXY?
A]p V] @lVNm NnTY]j dLm RmT
Fu] A\ To ! dLm LiQf tmT @Ru
@VL @Yu RX A\ . A]p AuU
WlTs[ Y UVjX @pX DfNkRXX
Bd\ Fu\p BlT RX AhPeLsY @NjVm.
@lTf NpYR]p AuU Ru vR]jR hl
\r\ Fu\ NpXYim. @ @NmTRm. DiU
Fu]Yu\p, NRLu FkR VL NdLWjp @pX Ujp
Ru U]jRf Nj\] @p Ru @TYjR
@P\u . @Ru LWQUL @kRf NdLWU , SY
AuUu vR]m AYpX. . . .
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 221

T.: AuUu vR]m BRVUL BkRm, FkRf NdLWjp


YiU]m @ DQWlTPXm Fu c TLYu
NpY]p , Y UjXV XhVm Yjj
WULj V]m NnRp @Y AuUu
XVUL APd PR?
TL.: D] U]jR ILlTjYRtLL GRY I
vR]jRd lh V] NR]UL @R Yjd
Lsm YW, AuUu vR]jRl TtV LsL
FpXm Ym ELU . Du] xPYLm
(LiTY]Lm ), Vd\ vR]m VULm
(LQlTm LhVLm) LiPRp B Ym TY]V.
BRt U\L, LiT]V Li AuUp Ie]p
@Rs IuT\n. @Y BRVm (AuU UVm).
T .: @lTV]p , Y UVjR XhVULd LsY
DRU ?
TL .: jVV Yv ( NRLu Ru U]jRl Tdm
Ts) VlTY] h @uVULUV FkRj
V]jdm kR X . d#Vm (LiTu#
LQlT Ts ) Iu\m RuXV BRVm . Y
UjVjp XhVm YlT NR] \Lp Iu .
@R]p RtL-LUL FiQeLs @Peu\]. LWQm
Fu]Yu\p , FiQeLs Vm U]ju ToL
(YL) jLs. U]j dVULd LhVl
TtV tm . @kRd Lh hU U]XVULY
@pX vX T[LULY BdLXm . Y UjV
XhV NR]p _Tm PY NnV Yim .
G]u\p U]jRd lTX LXlTX E]d
Lidl \ E]d LR dVU] . U]dLi
@pX TY] TXjt @jRtTp , U]f N
(U]jRp LhT/NUlT) dVm. ALVp, U]d
LiQ Y S R-V XhVeLp YdmT SU
222 c WUQ ULu TuULs

_Tm @pX UkW _Tm NnV Yim. BpXVp


V] XhVjR BZkYn. BjRLV NR]jp SUm
@pX UkWm XhVUnd LiP UVjp Ie
\ . jR NRuVm , AjU @pX BRV
NhNjLWU Y] @.1

^avWWm

RkRL ALU Y\Ls iP- Ndu LlTl


Ttd u\] . URu XRWd V NdVm
iP-V S-k TdWUUL DfNkRXV
Sdl TWYf NnmT , @fNdf s k
UpSdf Npm Yp R YNVL DP-p
@Uks[RLd \lTm VL UVeLs @pX
NdLWeLu NdL[m WjdLi ^avWWjR,
@RY AWm BRrL[ V RUW Tu
iYp DfNkRX [lTp @Uks[
UVUu\ , Nu\P\Rm . BRlTtd Ls
FlVT TLYu WUQo, @TYeLs FYm,
AuUu, @RY AuU O]ju, X Pm BRVU
Am FuWjRo.
T .: GR I UVm @pX VL NdLWjp V]m
NnYR TLYu Gu lhf NpYpX?
TL.: VL NvWeLs ^avWWU AuU vR]m
Fu lu\]. A]p, ` ^dRjp yRVU
vR]ULd \lThs[ . BqWip F NV]
vR]m Fu\ NkRLm NRLd YWRT, @am @pX
@am jV (Su @pX Su Fm ]lT)
DRVLd Li XjRj RPf Np\u .
G]u\p, Vm Ru]l Tt NkRlT @NjVm.
Sd\u FuT @]Yodm NUV @TYm .

1
M.G., pp. 71-77, 81-82. UL YnU, Td. 72-78, 81-83.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 223

FqR NR]m Ru Blu XjR S Ds[okR


DQoYPYR Y] XhVm. @Y Su D[u
Fu\ NUV @TYjt ARWm . ALVp ,
AuU NWm NnYRp AuUYV yRVjRV
@P\n .1
T.: YS FuT DiUp Ds[R, @pX Ym U]d
LtRU ?
TL.: YS, AjUS @pX TWS Fu \lTm
I S Ds[ Fu\ VLs Np\oLs. BRVj-k
YV Npm dV SLs 101 Fum, @YtXu
SW ^avWWjtf Np\Rum DT`jLp
\lThs[. LolTju GZm URjp mU#@kRWju
(u RXp UiP J Y[of T\R Xp UuNR
UhU DPV Df UVju) YV YPu @LkR
DPds WYlTRLm , DPp Ym TWs[
AWdLQdL] S SWmLs Xm @ BVe\
FuTRLm \lT\.2 ALYRu, TiUV SYo
^avWWjp, @RY DfNkRX [l Tp, U]m
jj Vj, X NdVj mTl T\Yim Fu
\oLs. Um, S (Rls) SWm YXp i
Ted Pdm iP- NdV FlYRtl WQVUm
VLd DR\ Fum, @kR Nd j Ris
Tk [YWp Npm `m] (]) Fm SWm
YV UXmYRLm [dLlT\.
^avWWjp U]m GLdWm TLp NU
@TYm A]kR Xam ( TWYNm ) GtT\ .
A]p RuRh Y\ `V YN]Ls
@YpX. ALY, NU Xum V mTm
1
p. 82. UL YnU, Td. 83.
M.G., II,
2
tLXjV DT`jLp Iu\] LoTT`j p BqY
LQlT\ .
224 c WUQ ULu TuULs
jRZjRu So\; G]p TkRjum WQ
RX Bum \T\pX . @YW
Qks[ Ds[okR BVpLs @YW NU XV
DX NnV YiQm @qYN]L[ YW
L[kRV Um Vtp CTPjRu Yim. @Ru
Th ^avWWj-k BRVjt YS YV
\eL YiYm. ALY, `m] (]) FuT
Jo Y[ L Tu\ # S-k RPe j
Riu YV [df Nu , @ek Y[k
\e BRVjp \ . BqY BRV UVjR
FhmTRu Vu NU XT\\. ALY,
BRVU Y] UVm FuTR B-k @VXm.
VLs YTu , @LkR FeL
UXk B\e , [u YXn WT-d\
Fu YjdLiPp , WT-dL Jo R[m
BdLYiU? YWV\L[t\ V DQoY DP-u
YWV\ds YWm LhYRtL] Ls\m
LiPRLm @ BdLYim . eLf Np-u ,
Fem \kR TWmTs , @LkR Fm YWmds
@PTYRm . RSTu IhUjRU] YN]L[
@R]l WT-dm EPLjR @Ud\ . BR],
T]j Rip I Tu WT-lTd LiTRt
IlPXm. T] Wd LhV \ WT-l Gm
BW. @kRl Ts Uhm BkRTV Bdm. BeL
NoY VTLU] TWmT[V V DQo Iu
UhU Ds[ Ts. @ @kRoVVn Fm E
tu\ . @Ru WT-lT UhU LQYim
FuTpX. @ VmWLNU]. BRVju YN]L[
Yt\f Nn YVt , NYRUL Ds[ Ds[T
Bdm Tu WLNjR FkR I EPLm XULm
WT-dLf NnVUp SWVLd LQd PlTR
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 225

NRLu dL[L @URp @YVm . BRVjp


(Ds[jp) Ark @rk, @LkRu XjRj R
NlTRu YXLY XhVm @PVlTm. BY
AuU O]jtL] So Y . BR] UtLsYo
SLs , RXfNm , `m] , iP- , WQVUm
Utm A VL UVeLs FYt\d jm
LYXlTPY RYpX .
AuU Y\ekR YYpX ; DfNkRX
YV DP-p ZYpX. @ Ds[ Ds[TV
BlT; Fu\um XT\]; AhPU @NY
BpXR ; Ut\m LQR . LQlTm Ut\eLs
AuUYf NokRY @pX. G]p AuU BRVjp
Lis[; V]l Tu VmWLNm YnkR.
Lim Ut\eLs VU AuU Ip LrY]Y.
AuUdm DPp @pX U]jtm Ds[ D\ \V,
RY] vTLd Lpdm @Ru u]d L[js[
Tu RPodm IlPXm. Jo Yl W_ UXW
vTLjtl u]p YjRp vTLd Lp Yl \jp
T[T[dm ; TfN \l T[ YjRp vTLjp
TfN \m Im ; BjV . Ut\eLm DPp Utm
Ds[jR R URu Ru] DhTjd Ls\u.
A]p Um DPm U]m UTPR AuUu\
@Ytu D[Rm RuUVl Tu\] . ALY ,
NnVYiV BUhU: DPm U]m Su Fm
RY\] RjYjRd LL. @Ruu, VUn Im
AuU NhNjLWm , @RY R UV] ,
BUVpXR @jYRl TiUu RN]m LQd
Pdm .1

1
YN]mRm -2&3. TdLm
T., 616. 269- Bp tT UhU BPm
Tts[ .
226 c WUQ ULu TuULs

U[]m

UjRjp , U[] WReLs UtLsYR UL


@eLdLpX . RYVt\ TfNj RodLXmRu .
A]p , TNUX BkY U] @PdLjR
LrdL .
T.: U[] WRm SpXR]?
T L .: WRm FuT Ym NeLpTU . V]m
YRt U[] @xP]m JW[ DRYdm. A]p
YV Uhm dLi U]m T]Tdp
FiQeL[ JP YRp V TVu? U]m V]jp
ArkdLp Y Tfd BPU ? AuU
V]jRl Tu SuU TVdLdV Y\m
BpX. YU] U[] WRm i, YZdLmTp Y
YLWeLp rlTp Fu] XTm? 1

TjV DQ

TYL, V]m V DPp V] NLVeLd UL


dVjYm @dLpX Fu\ Tm , LWNWm
U-PR NjL RYW DQY UhU @k YYu
UuUV Ytj]o.
DQp LhlT @Nj NjL ALWm UhU
RUn DiT SY YrtL] Ls Lf
\kRRm . @Y NjYQ SXuLs UuUm
@UVl T\ NRLU]. AuU NWQ TYRt
BY DRu\].2
S]o? Fu RuRXL UL @V Rl
uYU \:

1
T., 371.
2
W., 12.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 227

NjL ALWm DhLi , P VtPu NoY


@]ojRjdm GY] Su Fum U] VTWjR
dY SmUp BVu\ LVm. Su FuTR Vu
]lm , ]lTVul WUm DiPU ?1
TdRoLs LhPTm BR]V DTPd ]o.
Ls : Y ] l L s I k , j R G L d W R
LYRt Dt\ NLVeLs FY?
TL .: RXY , vX NWjp WQd LLs
R-VYt\ L NjL ALW VUjRp DTjWYu
Yjd Ls[ Yim . @L Dl DWl
R-VYt\m, U]LW UVdLeL[j R\ DQ
YLL[m T]eL[m RodL Yim .
UXTkRpXUp Tojd Ls[ Yim. BY vX
NLVeLs. B, U]jRf R\P GRm I DVokR
XhVjp ILUnd Vf NnVYim. . . BqY
YWdVm GLdWm Dt\ U]m Ru XUm @
hUjR SVY @mUVUn @p LWkTm.2
^v dLh: NRLu FqR ALW VUjRd LPldL
Yim ?
TL.: R NjL ALW VUjR @NlT SpX.
d.: NjL ALWm FuT F?
TL.: RVeLs, LnLLs, TZYLLs, Tp R-V].
d .: YP BkVp TXo u Nl\oL[ ? @
NjLU ?
BdLsd TLYu PVdLpX . Ut\YoL[d
\ UolTp @Yo FlTU Lj RVdLm
Lh]o . @qY \ YRtL @pX @Yo
Nu]R UtdLs[Y im YLp UtV
Ls @UkkR .
1
Words of Grace, p. 40. NW NeWLm (WUQ tWh, Td. 224)
2
T., 28. YN]mRm-1, Td. 34.
228 c WUQ ULu TuULs
d .: UpSh]W] SeLs IYL DQ Nlhl
TZdLlThPYoLs. @R Ut]p AWdVm
LYPu jm NoYP\. FRtm
AWdVm @YVUpXY ?
TL .: AWdVm @YVmRu . A]m DPp
B[lTl ThTjR YiPm . DPp B[dL#
B[dL, U]YuU Y[m.
d .: TZdLU] DQY Ut]p DPp B[lTPu
U]YuUm u\R !
TLYu WUQm ^v dLhm U]YuU Fu\
NpX YqY @ojRjp WVdu\]o FuT
B e l P j R d L . \ F i Q e L [ p T d L
YiQ D Fu TsTP TLYu DWd\o.
A]p ^v dLh, Vm @pX At\p Fu
@ojRm Ls\s . ALY , @j Ym TLYu
Ls , ^v dLh R] LjRj RTPd \
Yd\ .
TL.: U]YuU FuT Fu]?
d.: DXLl TtRX @Ltm YuUV.
TL.: DQu QQeLs U]jRl Tdu\];
DQu hU @mNm U]jRl Td\.
d.: @lTV! SeLs FlT NjL DQY UtLs[
m ?
T L .: ( DPkR BYuv#Yih^ Sd ) ,
BqPj DQYV eLs Nlh YoLs. @R]p
DeLd GRm Ld\ GtThPR ?
B.Y.: BpXV. Bes[ ALWm F]d TZdLU]R.
d.: @lTl TZdLlTPRYoLs Fu] NnY?
TL .: @kRkR rXL[ @Njl TZdLeLs
GtTu\]. U]U FRtm WR]m. TZdL R`jRp
U]m tX DQL[ xm Ym dLYVLd
L\ . UN DQp Ds[ Nj FpXU NL
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 229

ALWjm (RYW DQm) BkRm, U]m TZdLjR


VhV J\.
d.: BkR VUeLs OLdm @YVU]YV?
TL.: vRl WdOu FR]m NX]\u.1
TLYu N` QlTe Fu]Yu\p , DQd
LhlT TtV LsLd DTP T-jV
Tm , @qY Gm [dLm LhLR FkR I
TdR]m NY DQ UhU UtLsU
TjRpX. Am , DQ Ttd Ls FlTR
SToLmP , TLYu U[]j RdLju U\L
[YL, UN DQu TlTVL Ylm, V
ALWju lm Rms[ Y[oYR DQoYm
TLYu Rf \lTVm.

UhV NVp FRtm TLYu NmUdLpX


FuTTX , DTYNm UtLsYRm @Yo
@eLdLpX .
T.: DTYNm AuU NhNjLWjt NLVUU?
TL.: ALXm. A]p @ RtL-L NLVU. DPp
NokR DTYNm TRpX ; @ SU XhVm @pX .
DTYNjPu V]m Yim . U]ju DTYNU
dVm. @L DTYNjRp V]jt YiV TXm
ul TLd UR-u , R#ALW VUjPu
V]jRV WR]ULd LPdL Yim .
T.: I URLXm DTYNkRp, @ kR Tj ShLp
U]m nUm @Um Tt , @Y Um
@lTV Xju\] Fu Xo
Np\oL[ ?
TL .: DTYNjuT V]jR PU-kRp
@jRLV StTVu DiPLXm.2
1
T., 22. YN]mRm-1, Td. 24-25.
2
T., 170. YN]mRm-1, Td. 168-69.
230 c WUQ ULu TuULs

WUfNVm

WUfNVjRl Tt Be @Lm NpYRtpX .


kRV @jVVUup ( @jVVm 3 ) BTt
GtL]Y \lThs[. BkVp TYL, DXL
tm \k NdLs AYWj RW Ut\
@]Ym UQYrYV UtLs\oLs .
WUfNVm FuT BPP mUjp HdV TYm
Li Yrk YRp Fu\ TLYu FlTm
Y-j]o . NuVNm YZeLlTt YU]
Lj @YR @Yo EddLpX. WUfNVm
@NlTR @Yo Ytjd \pX Vm ,
WUfNV @xP]m RYpX Fum VpX.
FqY\m, TdRoLu UQm, @YoLs BpXeLp
ZkR \l YTYeLp @Yo Tm @dL\ Lh
YkRo .

Td

@u , LPhTt , YT , NWQL AV] BQkR


AuLl TRVm Td UodLjt Be Y\m .
AuU NWQ UodLjt B m SoU\]
Fu TYLd LRlT\ . G]p , YTYo #
YTPlTY , @u NjYo # @udVYoLs
FuTR] BXl Te] @lTPVLd LiPR
Td UodLm. A]p AuU NW UodLU BX
@t\ IUV UnmUVLd LiP . ALY ,
BqWip Iu UhU DiUV ARWULd
LiP FumT, Ut\u ZT LiPRLY
BdLYim Fu RjYYLs LlT NjVU .
BRu LWQULY, I UodLjR @YoLs
[dLp Ut\R im im LiP]m
Nn\oLs. TLYu WUQW Bq UodLeLdm
IeL GtN RjRR pXUp , RmUl
uTtYo BqWi UodLeL[U @YWYo
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 231

lTlT UtLs[ YLhm YkRo . @Yo


@dL Yo:
BWi
YLs Ds[]; Su Vo? Fu DeL[V
LhdLsY; @pX AiPY]f NWQPY.
@YW @VoLp TXo uNu] UodLjRV
RokRjR]o .
T.: WQ NWQL Fu\p Fu]?
T L .: IYo TWQULf NWi @Pku ,
@Ruu Ls LhTRtL, YiRpLdL FYm
fNpXUt Tnm. ALY Iu , X ]lTm
Su Fum ]lTl TtVY , Vo @kR Su ?
Fu\ ArkR NWQp B\eYRu Xm Ut\
]lLs @]jRm @LtRp ; Ut\u ,
NoYNdVm AiPYPm TkR]Vt NWQPRp. O]
ll T\ Bq YLs UhU Ds[].1
@LkR FuT Vd , @ Fes[ Fu R ,
@LkR Fu IuU BpX FuTR AuU NWQ
DQoj, @qY @ @LkRVd LWj \ .
@lTdL , TdV @LkRV NWQPd\ .
ALY BqWiu BXdm Iu\Vm . BRj RW
Y\u] Yim?
T L Y u : V YpYRt , @pX d
DhTPUp @Rum RkWUL BlTRt B YL[
Ds[]. Iu, Vdj RX Fu Nj, @LkR
UhU Er]d DhThP, AuUY RkWU].
@LkR Fu IuU BpX Fu LiLsY .
Ut\ Y , AiPY]l WQULf NWQPk ,
@LkRV SlT ; @RY , TdRu R] odLV
DQok, @tTu Su NnYRtLVu AiPY! FpXm
1
T., 321.
232 c WUQ ULu TuULs
V! Fu D[ NR vUj, Su, F] Fu\
DQoY Rnd Lh, AiPYu hP Y Fu
R] U\k NWQPY. B Yim, @ Yim
FuTR] WojR]Ls RPoY I Tm WQ
NWQL X AL. Y\RtU @pX, Gu, d
TYRdP ]V , TWu Iuu ThP
LPsTp @u Nj NWQPYR DiUV]
NWQLj RjYm . BRV Y YojRL[p
NpYRu\p , V YpX , Ru ]lTm
@LkRV @\Y PjRlT @YVm. @R eLs
AuU NWQVp NloL[ @pX Td UodLjRp
ToL[, FYm N.1
UngO] Io] DXLl TPlLs
@]jRm hPjm , UUX Tu\ Tgd
VXj lT Fjl Td Y Tu !
@iP NWNWeLs FpXU @LkR Fm TX]U] ,
@pX YUV] T- @vYWju FlTl
Ths[Rp @Y Vm UnVYm @ij
RdLXp Sej Ls L[m. NWQL Fu\
TfNpXm YpXl s[VWd s @RtL
SYjVm NnY Fu\ YN]jt IlTm. DPp ,
Ts , A @]jRm LPd @olTQm
NnYRLf Np\oLs. A]p @Y DeLPVYV
eLs @qY @olTdL ? GRY NpYR]p
YojRLs BlTjRu @UVYim : HV] !
D]RV] BYt\ F]R F] Su BLm RY\L
FikRu . BlT RVY\ @Y D]
Fu . @Y FuPVY FuTTp Su B
IdLQm SPkLs[ UhPu.

1
D.D., p. 230.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 233

LP[j Roj, @pX AuUd @uVUn


Y FU BpX ; Su , F] FuTRLj R
BlLs PV, AuU Iu\ D[ Fu\ TWY
O]m F]lTY .1

BqY\m, AuU TdV DiUV] Td. ALY


@Y NWQm Am Fu @Yo @dL
[ds[o .
NWQPRp Iu\ TWQ NR]Um . NWQPRp
FuT Fu]? R] XLWQUm NTjPm Ru]
Ilj RX NWQPRXm. A]p , X NTm
FuT \jR FeL Bdm GR Jo RnYm Fu
UUVeL, @ SUds[V BlTRu Fu DQok,
@RPm SmU Ilj PYim . @RY , X
NTjR Ds[ S DQok @mUVUn
@UVYim. NTjt @uVUn \jR FeL
Sm BlTRLj RYRXLd LYRp , XjR S
@jPu Iu\L YiUu DTRdLlT\. A]p,
NodLWdj Ru Y Fu]Yu RV ; @Rf
YlTYdL @fY Rm. @qY\ TWvYTjp
HdVUhPp TWU]kR @TYjt BPul
Tnm ; ALY SU RjRuUV PUXV
TWvYTjRl TtdLi WdL Yim Fu Xo
Yo . @qY\p , TW#NTm FuT NodLWVl
Tu\Ro _PlT[? Ru] B\Yd @oljR
\ Ru FlTj R YPu BdL m? YjU
TWUjU XLm Nu @eL TWUjU Nup TP
Nn LidUm! TP Fu l TWUjUY
GUt P U ? @Ydj RVR ? @YW

1
D.D., p. 42.
234 c WUQ ULu TuULs
GUTYo? BYoL[ TPVjRu @Yo FoTojd
Lid\o Tm! jR NRuV NVm @Yo,
@YoL[ Sd, F]d @uVo Tp F]dL NY
NnVm Lm eLs Vo? Fu LhTo! . . .
DiU VRp , AuUp @LkR LWRPu
Y] RjRuU @tl T\ . Yu Ru X
NTU A\u . @eL Vo , FRt , FlTf
NWQPY? BkXV Td, O]m, NWQ R-V
@]ju kR XVm.
V] Vu] VV XR
V] Vu\] RVu kRu
V] Vu PU V
Y] WjUm Y]Y W\ .
Fu BkXV SmUrYo FqY[ RYLd
d\o !
[Ts : Fu]V Su @V Su Fum ,
F] Fum UVe BkRu . (AeLp ) Su Su
FuT V Ru ; Fu DPU Vm V ., @LiP
O]t\o Gjm RY RY]!]
ALY , Ru VRojRjR DQoYR Td FuT
RYm. xPjYLm BR] IlYo; Am ,
YjUdLs TWUjUu @mNeLs, @YVYeLs,
Fum TZdLjR YkR LsLV PUhPoLs .
T j R U d L l T t \ Y j U Y l T W U j U d
@oldL Yim ; @LkRVt\ Yu , UWQjuu
xXLm Nu TLYj @TYjXV
CThd\u FuTR @YoLs LsL .
Al TWmTd @uVUn Sm Bd\m
FuTR Ym Sl. @LkR IkR um, TjR]]
@kR Yu TLYj LeLVjtLLm TLYj
@TYjtLLU Rj RuUV Bd\u FuT
Jo T-l]Y] RkWU. R-p, TLYdL DVR
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 235

SURuTR N . @jPu @Ydd LeLVm


Nn\u , @Yo NuR] N`jR @Td\u
Fu Np-dLsY BWiPLjt IlT]R . BkR
_XUpXm @YPm SPY. FpXUn, FpXYt\m
@TYWu\ @Yo?1
FRtm Y[k LdLR NmoQ NWQLV UhU
TLYu WUQo Ytjd \o . A]p , @jRLV
NWQL FRpX FuT RkRR.
NWQPV Vt UtLsmTRpXm
@LkRm RXdm; @R] @Pd IdLm VX
YiYm . NWQL @qY[ FR] @pX .
@LkRV SlTm XTU] LVm @pX. TWU] R]
@[p TdRu U]jR Dsdj X
j]Xu WQ NWQP \YYRtpX.2
PdPo NV: UVn NWQPRp FuTp, UN]m
(h) TYRtL] , @pX LP[d LiTRtL]
lTjRmPj \kP Yim Fu\ Tm
Rd t\RpXY ?
TLYu : WQ NWQL Fu\ Xp DUdLu
FkR lTm BdL. LPu jRU DU jRm,
DUdLu RjR jRm Gm BpXUt Tm FuTY
Ds[PdLm.
PdPo NV: ReL[ [dLm U]\ @d\. Um
Iu LhLXU? NWQL XVl TYRt Su
Fu] SPYdL UtLs[ Yim?
TL .: BWi YLs Ds[] . Iu , Su Fu\
]lu XjR DsSd AWnk @mXjXV
IuY; Ut\u, Su dLt\Yu, NnYRVu.

1
T., 208. YN]mRm-1, Td. 205-207.
2
D.D., p. 227.
236 c WUQ ULu TuULs
LPs UhU NoY YpXU YnkRYo . @YW
TRWkRjp SgNQn rk PlTRj RW
Fu]d LdL Y Y GUVu TWTWU ! Fu
AuUojRUn DQok, LPs UhU D[o, Su Fm
@LkR Ntm ThPpX Fu\ DlThPl
TlTVL Y[ojd Ls[Yim. BWi YLU
IW BXdt Bhf Npu\]. O]m @pX RX
FuTRu UTVW WQ NWQL.1
Fm , R-p JW[dL NWQL NjVUm ;
TLlTL, NWQL UuUm U Tm.
T.: NWQL NnY NjVULj Ru\pX.
T L .: Am . Am . AWmTjp TWQ NWQL
@NjVULY Rum . A]m , kR Uhm
@jRLV U]TYjPu BdLXm . LXdWUjp
WQ NWQL Lm.2
Blm , TLYu @eLdm Td UodLm RU
LjdNkRY @UVpXV Fu YLs
Uld \Xm. G]p, YR jRkRjp LPm
@YW YTYm RjR X LiPYoLs .
@mUV] NkRolTeLp, uYm DWVP-u LP
YdVjp Lis[T, YLs m Jo RlThP
RnYjPm R-p NWi FnRl TU UL
lhWlTo. @Rtl \m @YoLd GRm
NkRLeLs Fu\]Y Fu TeL[u FuTo.
WjVhNLWQm (UngO]m LRp) Fu\ X,
YU] R]L BlT UhU RW , FRV
SWVnd LiTR @YR @pX GR Iu\L
AYR @pX.

1
D.D., p. 140.
2
T., 244. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 3.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 237

IYd UngO]m RuVu , @Yo F


Ds[T D[R, F FlTm @qY\ BkYYR
@kR @RLY XLs\o . @kR XV @YWp
iWdL BVX. @YLY X tLjRu m.
Blm , Y NV] YojR BpXRRp
UXkRYVn AuU O]m TRp Fu\
jRUt\ NtWVLm Nn\m. A]p F Iu
UhU UnVL D[R @R] IYo FqY Rnl
T\Y @pX UnmUp NUYR NjVUm ?
U\L SUpXm Nn YY Fu]Yu\p ,
DiUVpXR Iu\ @k Y\m, Un BpXR
@R] Un Fu L Y\m . BkR YZdLjRd
LP Yim. YqY LhTLs YjWdm
AuL VtLs VU BkR IW BXdL SdV
@UVl Tts[] . DiUVpXRR DiU Fu\
LjRd LeLp TiU Iu\ Xem ;
@lTiUVm @YLY Sm Bk YYm .
Y1 LhPo: BkR [dLUpXm @jYR
ARWjuT NRu. A]p, AuU O]
ldd LiTu , Lm @ , LQlT
Ts AV u XLs U\kRL Yim
Fu YtjRR Y TX NmWRVeLs Ds[]Y?
YjU, TWUjU Fu\ B X YT
BlTRL I jRkRm DWd\. _Lj, Yu, TWm
AV uU @]V]Y Fu\ Y\
jRkRm. DRWQUL, I \m TdRu Fu IYu
BkRp @Yu YTYRt I LPm BdL
YiUpXY ?

1
WUxQ UPjRf NokR Y NmjR]kR 22-3-1946 @u
c WUQfWUm YkkRT UL WUQW BqY
DWV]o .
238 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TL.: TdRu IYdj Rd LPs BlTR FYm
AhNdL V. @kRd LP[ YTYu YXn
@kR TdRu TlTVn AuL UXof\u .
TLlTL , LPs UhU Bd\o , Su BlTm
BpXU-lTm Jo ThPpX Fu DQWj
RPe\u . tV Xp , Su BpX , ReLs
UhU DsoLs; @]jm ReLs jRlTV Fu
D[d \u. @kR XVV WQ NWQL
Fu Td UodLm \ . @kXV FhLp
@LkR @YR AuU @ FuTR TdRu
Rs[j RVd Li\u . VdLs ( Ds[R]
BlLs ) BWiP @pX @Rtm @LU , BpX
Iu\R] FuTRl TtVpXm Sm NfNWY]u?
YR NmWRVm Utm Td UodLm P WQ
NWQLu @YVjR Ytju\]. @R R-p
NneLs . @Ru\ , BlT AuU Iu UhU
@pX BWiP @Rtm @LU] VdL[ FuTR
eL[ LiLsoLs .
TLYu Um ]o : YqY SToLu
YqY RLUd IjRY YqY\Ld
\lThlm , DiU Fu]Yu\p , LiTu ,
Lm @ , LQlTm Ts AV u
XLdm @lTtThPR AuU O]m . AuU
AuUYLY D[. @RlTt @qY[Y \m.
Y : I O AuU O]m FnV \m R]
D P X B k Y W X U ? G ] p , A u U
O]RVj RdLju @R At\X TX]U]
T[L DPXp @LThNm BTjR
ShLdUp RedLs[ V Fu\oL[?
TLYu: DeLs FiQjp AuUO FuTYo Vo?
@u]W DPRu OV @pX DPXj RojR
GR Iu\ ? DP-um RjR Y\u Fu\p
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 239

DPXp @Yo TdLl TPd VYW? pLp YqY


YLV] d XVl Ttd \lThs[]: RL
d (DPp UjRu dVPRp), Yu d (DPX
Yrk Ym TR dp XlT) AVY. d
TYp YqY YdLhPeLs BdLXm ; A]p
d Xp RWRWeLs PV.1
@u BXl TeL] # @u NjTYo ,
@udVo # FumT @u Ym O] UodLm
FqY IjlTm Fu X NUVm TLY]
]Ym Di.
T.: AuU VjdV Fu\p YRm Yk\R!
TL.: Vm Y, AuU NTm Y\pX. VU,
@RY @uT, AuU NTm. @uT Ym. @uT
LPs. A]p , I Ts @pX STu Vm
LsY RrkR YLV] @u, @ XdL.2
IYW D[lTetm , U]lTdY Xdm RdLY
NPeLs Utm ANW @xP]eL[ V
YTL[ @Yo @eLjRo . BY TYL Td
UodLjR BQkRYVm .
YkRYo: WRoLs Utm UoLs YqY NPeLs,
_ ]vLW VUeL[ YjWdu\]o.
@Yt\ \lT uTt\u TTm Yk Nm
Fu UdLPm Np\oLs. @jRLV NPeLs Utm
YANW @xP]eLs RYR]?
TL .: Am . @qY\] YTm @YVU . @
DeLd DRYUt TLXm . @RtLL @ VdU
@YVpX , @R]p I SuUm PV FuT
@ojRUpX. ZkRd @YVUL BlTY I ThPRd
@YVlTP . Am , Tjl ThPm Tt\YmP
1
D.D., p. 155, 156.
2
T., 433. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 136.
240 c WUQ ULu TuULs
ZkRl Tsp Lt\ @fYVl TVuTjRj R]
Yis[? @Ru l TVuThPm DhT[m
ThPR Su @Yu.1
Bkd LPs Iuu, @RY @Y CN] YqY
Dp BkdLs U]eLsm YYUlu , U]e
lTm I YTh \V Am.
T.: O]\, SW @xdL YiV TXLs FY?
TL.: LhTY] TTLjRm (RLUVm), U]
BVpTm @NjR @Yt\f NpX Yim.
L.: oj DTN] Nn Y\u.
TL.: SpX. @Rf NnLiP T]p GLdWm
(U]jR ILlTjRp) DiPm. GLdWm L]p
FpXm NVm. UhNm Fu GRYu FeL
BlTRLm, @R @PVYim Fum NRWQULl
TmTXm ]d\oLs . @Ru RlRm .
SUds[V Bdm SU _ NTjR DQoRX
UhNm . U]m GLdWlThPp , B R] Rm .
U]URu NmNWf Zp, _]] UWQm FpXm.
T.: Fu U]m Lm NgNXlT\. Su Fu] NnY?
TL .: GRm Iup U]jR jl TZ]p
TLlTL FpXm NVm.
T.: @lT jR VpXV!
TL.: @lVNjR P Nn LiP T]p ,
@ fu BVdLmTp @qY[ NL_Um. @Ru
NR]u oj.2
Fm , RnLd LhdL[d Lm AoYjR
@Yo GtdLs[pX . DiUp , UngO]m
@Wp jdL Yim Fu\ AYp DhTP ,
FqRU] AoY ]lTm @Yo ARdLpX.
1
D.D., p. 79.
2
T., 31. YN]mRm-1, Td. 45.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 241

v DUR ( Bk URjR Gtl TVW UtdLiP


BlTiU TXk Sh]s): Y RN]m F]dd
hVRl Tt TLYu ReLPm u]W
s[u . Su URm UV NUVm @ LrkR.
u]o t\Xjp F]d im @RTu\ Y
RN]m hV. @qYV RnLd LhdLs X
LQeL[ jR Tm @Y Fu] A]kR
TWYNjp Arj]. @kRd LhV WkRWULd Li
TWU]kRjp RPok XTY FqY
FuTR] @V AY\u. Y]Vu Fu]f
ts[ Y FRm U]m NpXpX. Yu
]p @LUr\u . ALY , YTUu
RN]m WkRWUYRt Y Fu]Yu TLYu ReLs
@[ Yi t\u.
T L .: YRN]m Fu eLs oLs . FkR
RN]Um, RlTYu FlTV @lTVRu
@Y] RN]m . RuY Fm U\kR m .
Rt\m U\Ut BPV\ R] BXY FY
@Y UnV] Y vYTm . YV YTU]
Lh F]lTY @qY RlTYu LiLs,
LiTR DQojm @, Utm LiTu
U]jR[ju DQo X FuTR] LLWQLu
QLi LrYRVu Y\pX. Ld LWQLs
LiTPm @PdLm . U\L , LiT] Rt\jtm
@jRt\ U\tm BPUn , R]dLo Rt\m
U\m BXRn, Fu\um BXm V DQoY Ym.
@Y SU AuU NTm . FqRj m @t
Fu\um R]n Iok LilT @]Yu
_ NTUV @Y. @YL BjRX @Ru WkRW
RN]m . Rus Ark YU R]n BXLYim .
@Y Y RN]m . BeL BlT BlT @Y ;
FlTm BlTm @Y . AR-u Y RN]m B
242 c WUQ ULu TuULs
FlT PdLl T\ Fu FiY Gu?
YjRVu SUdLo Bl BpX .
T.: @N! A]p BR Y WYL @PY FlT?
TL .: BkR lTU AuU O]jt UtU
RP. Y]Vu Y\ Yu RVL BdLU?
BlTmP DuYL @Yd\u . LXjRl
Tt LsdL BPpX. IdLQUm AuU O]m
BpXR LXm BkRp @pXY AuU O]m @PYTt
Ls Fm ? A]p B\Y]Vu RVL
BlTRtpX. @Yu jVUL Ru]jR] @kRYu.
@Y]f NWQPk @Yu jRlT SP . @Yu
Ru]m U\kRm @RlTtf kdLUp @Yu
[lT SPlTRV WUtLsYVL . Du
lTlT @Yu SPdLYim Fu m]p @
NWQL @pX; @ B\Y] AQY TXm.
BqY[ FRn B VpX Fu\p, YTUu
F] Sm Lsm LPPm SmU tm Ilj,
WkRW Y vUWQPu BdLYim. @Yo FqY
Ru] SUd DQojYW @lTV NnVlTm. BqY
@qY Fu @YWd LhL SUdLo DUpX; @Yo
FqY FRf NnRm N Fu BPP Y vUWQ
Iu\V LlTt u\p , SU YjRuU tm
Ik, Sm Ym X IW vYTUnj LrYm.
LiTu LhUVUm DXL]jm Ndp @PdLm. Nd
Yjp @PdLm. FpXm YUVm Fum DiU DQok
NkUVUn BdLYim . @kXp DeLdd
LYXLs Gm PV. LYXLs Vm @Y]. @Y
NWQL. @Y Tdu DfNm.1
T .: F u ] k R m , L P [ d L i Q p L Y R L
DQoY @ @tR @TYU @pXY?

1
T., 450. YN]mRm-2&3. Td. 146-7.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 243

TL .: Ru]VRu IYu TdLlThP oj


Yp Li\u ; Ru] @YL BYLd LQ ,
Ds[ Ds[T R]LY LRp \lTpXY?1
LP[ @Rp FuT LPPm WQ @u NjY;
ALY O] UodLm Td UodLm Iu TXYV
Fu TLYu @dL NpXd Lhs[m.

_Tm

_Tm Y, @RY UkW DfNP]m Utm I lhP


RnYju TVW vUjj V]m NnY, AuLl
Ttp Ll TWYXL @lVdLlTm DjLp
Iu\m. LPPj @u NRp Utm LPs YT
AV Td UodLeLPu _Tm Rp lPjRdL BQ
LiP . @R] UL Jo TkR]uTp
@eLjRo. @Rp , SuLm @jVVjp \lThP
W_#Ukd LRp (TdLm. 134) Tks[ LjtLlT,
RYnkR IYu NmURm Tt\\L FkR UkW
DfNP]jRm UtLsRp Su FuTRm. _Tm RX
UL WUQo L @oYULY TkWjRo.
Jm @pX WU#WU Utm @Tu\ LPs SU
vUWQ, Ut\ FiQeLs FpXYt\m IeLf Nnm
FuTR BRp LY]jtV. BqYLp FpX UkW
DfNP]eLm, SU _Tm U]eld DRu\].2
vUdm NtLdl u]p FqY[dLqY[
Td#WjR Ds[R @qY[dLqY[ IL ]l
NjVUm; _Tm YlTm .
T .: Uo I U SWm SU_Tm NnmT dLm
Tu\ I Xd Ds[\u. jRPu _Tm

1
T., 621. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 273.
2
D.D., p. 79.
244 c WUQ ULu TuULs
uhPRu\ ]l Y\. UTm
AWmdu\u .
TL.: dLmTu\ XV? WmT SpX. @Ru
NL_U] X. BlT @LkRV NmTkRl ThlTRp,
@kR NL_X Du YXVd LlTRL ]jd
Ls\n. @kR XRu Du NL_ X Fu DQm
YWp @Rl TX\ @TdL Yim. @lT
_Tm @uVm Fum , A]m @ R]L SPk
Lidm Fum Rk LsYn . _Tm Nnm
U]jR Du]j RlTL IuTjd LilTRp D]d
BkR NkRLm YkR. _TUY Ut\ FpX FiQeL[m
Id, IW FiQjRl Tt t\p. @Y _Tju Lj.
_Tm V]jt Y. V]m O]jp m.
T.: SU _Tm Nnm \ Fu]?
TL.: Td BpXUp UXkRYVL SUjR YU]
DfNdLd P. LPs TVW DTVlTR]p, Sm SmU
m @Yd @olTQm Nn @YW @ZdL Yim.
@lTRu @Yo SUm FlTm SmPu Bdm.1
AWmTd LhPeLp UkW DfNP]juT I u
DYV @pX WQeLp Ym LPs YYV
U]jWp Fld Ls[Xm.
T.: F] Tt BqYRu: YNjp fN DsYed
LsmT LPu SUeL[j RPok Wojj,
fN YmT (W ) NTTu SUjR
AYL]m Nn\u . DPu LrYL NTTu
dLhVm U]jp Fld Ls\u. TLYu
ReLm TTYV Li\u . BYu Yj
Rt\mP IuTXY Ds[. ReL[ Ym
U-Y]; TTd Nt\ TjR DPp. BkR VU
XjRj RPok UtLi YWY @pX Ut\Y?

1
M.G., I. p. 25. Uao YnU, Td. 23-24.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 245

BqY TVWm YYjRU Tt tu @Yt\j


Ri ITm u]t\m LQV Fu Fus
GR Iu DQoj\ . Am , SUTeL[d
LhP\ UX Fu] NnY Fum VpX.
TLYu @sok F] HVk RlTW?
TL .: DeL[ RtTRV \VV RPWXm .
@qY\] _Tm BPP RPof TmT Ut\
FiQeLs Vm JnkTn , _lTYo R] DiU
BVpT] AuU Xlp XLsYo. Sm FlTm SU
U]jR DXLVRl ThLp YLULf Nj
YYRp SU UnV] BVp FlTU AuU vUWQ
FuTR @YpX. ALY Sm U]UokR VtVp #
@jRLV VtVjRu WojR], V]m Fu\pXm
\m # Ut\ ThLs FYt\l Ttm FiQ
PUp U]jRj Rj j\m; @lT fNlT
SU UnV] BVp UhU; @Y WkRWl WojR].
TVm Dm LiPYWL eLs DeL[ ]jdm
YWp , WojR]m SUm YYm Bk
YYum eLs RlVP V. TVm DYm
ReV Iu DiUp eLs @pX Fu Ds[ok
@mT, SU#TeLs RULY DokTm. @RtL]
Y R Vt RYW. WojR]m V]m @kR
d BVpTLY DkRp Gu Bhf Npm .
RtT Jo Y\VLd LRlTm WojR]V p
BXdLLY @UVl TYRLd LiTm. RnYjtm
@YW TVdm jVNm GpX.1
UtT YNLm lTLj RlTTX , UkW
DfNP]m V]jPu BWiP\d LXk\. BRu
LWQULY @LLUn U]jts U[]ULj
VlT Ynh DfNlTRd Lhm UX].

1
D.D., pp. 146, 147.
246 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T .: U]js DfNjd LsY DWj DfNlTRd
Lhm SpXR] ?
TL.: YnUVL DfNlT I-VNL[p Lr\.
@qY- @XLs FiQj-k Fu\] .
FqY\p, IYo Ru FiQeL[ Npp RdL
tTYRt u]WL Fu] NpXYim Fu
kR]p oUd\o. kR]L[ U]m A\. ALY,
U]js DfNlT Ynh DfNlTPf \kRR.
T.: DfNP]jRf kRp Bj, @RV Ynhm
vUdLXmR] ?
TL.: DfNP]m U] vUWQVL @UkRp I-d
@YVm Fu] ? vUWQ U]LUL LmT @
ArX kR] A\. V]m, @LL kR],
U]js DfNlT FpXm Iu\. RU\] FiQeLs
t, \ FiQeLs VU e, IW I kR]
UjWU PlVnj RPo TYR V]m
F]lTY . TXRU] FiQeL[ Xd , IW
FiQjp RmU BjdLsYR DfNjRp , Utm
VjR-u SdLUm. @Ruu @kR I FiQm
@Ru XjR Ue U\kTm; @kR XU V DQo
@pX AuU. U]m R-p DfNP]jPu Qk ,
u]o R] AXjp r\.1
P N NTk V]
PpYd [jR kT\
VoY UuXu kT\ .
DTRNkVo, TPp 4.

[Ts: DY YT, _Tm, V]m \V DPp,


Yd, U]m YXn NnRp @R YNp TlTVn
DVokRY. (Dk T\ Fu\ Nt\Pdl TtTX TsLs
LtdLXm . Rn Rls ZkRV @Uoj Dk Dk

1
T., 328.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 247

[Vhd LhmT @Ys FiY[m : A


ZkRn#[V/Y[ok TV A[;/T\YVl T\k,/
Vu Vu T\k, /Y[ok T\k Bu.)]
Fi V \ YU]
Yi YTP kT\
N]t N] kT\ .
DTRNkVo, TPp 5.

[Ts : FpX DoLdm Nnm RiP


DiUV], \Y] _.]
YjR-p YdfN Yndh NTjp
lTU U]R kT\
[mk V] kT\ .
DTRNkVo, TPp 6.

[Ts: LPs SUjR Ynh DWj _lT,


YU] AiPYu LrTYRd Lhm UX].
U-Rn j DfNlT Um \kR. U]js
vUlTR VYtm \kR V]m.]
hd LR- ]St rfTp
hP u]X kT\
NPU u]Y kT\ .
DTRNkVo, TPp 7.

[ T s : @qY BPPhPd Ljd


lT (V]jR)d Lhm FiQn RW Tu
IW Wn BPP VlTR N`U].]*

* lT TPpLs LQP DTRN DkVo, @jYR YRkRju


NWULm, UL WUQo LiP SoYu RY] [dLULm
@Uks[ . oU]jPu hPYhPUn ULVp RPok
IW fp F dLlTt\ TPp YN B Iu UhU
Am . Rr , NUvRm , Re , UXV[m AV Su
ULm UL]XV AdLlThs[ BlTPX
WUQfWUjm Ut\ WUQ LkWeLm RPok TWVQm
Nn Y\oLs .
248 c WUQ ULu TuULs

LoU UodLm

NVpYVm LoU UodLjRl Tt Be @Lm


NpYRtpX. G]p kRV @jVVUup B
Fjd\lThs[. Jo\m @YVUt\ SPYdLLp
CTYR UL IlTpX Fu\ Tm , U\m
NVtTLs @]jRU @\Y \km
VtVm EddLpX . Yrd @YVU]
@u\P YLWeLs Utm SPlLp S XlTePu
RPok NVpTh , @RP AuU NWjRV
Td UodLjRV UtLsYRV @Yo XjRo.
T.: @LkRl Tu u RlY FlT?
TL .: T]TL , Um YN]L[ ( BVpT]
U]l TL[ ) Gtd Ls[kRp @LkR
TXeu Sjm . 1
T .: FkR Vtm LoUmR] ? FdLoUm GtL]Y
Udm LoU hPVl TdUVu, @ FlT
O] NRLUm?
T L .: S u , F ] F u m @ U ] U t V t
NnRp , LoUm jR jVm , @qYV GLdWj
Rm TVdm . GLdWU] Ds[jp DiU R]
Xem .
T .: \ LoUeL[ FpXm h , WkRWj V]jp
CTRp Su\pXY ?
TL.: Nn TojRp Rm. YN]Ls @Rt BPm
LP. YN]Ls RVjRVd u @dWL TXjRp,
TTL ofVp V]m UuUm DVn
Xdm . 2

1
T., 173. YN]mRm-1, Td. 170.
2
T., 80. YN]mRm-1, Td. 96-97.
Ut\ NR] Y\Ls 249

Y\Lu RWRWm
FpXR AuLl Tt \L[U UL
@eLjRo Fm , @Yts FY RXLY
\YLY SoYVLm TX]dLjRdLRLm
Ds[] FuTR UtNu] 4 Rp 7#YWX] DTRN
NWm (DTRN DkVo ) TPpLp TTjs[o.
uYm [dLm BR]j RTj\.
T.: NX]jR Ypm YVl uTtYRtL] \V
Bum YjR[ Yi\u.
TL .: Y `VeL[pXm XVt SlTR
DQokRp @R]p `V Wd DiPm . ALY
( AuU ) NWQV L dVU] RtT .
@qNWQVp DXL BuTeLs , NpYm, TVo , Lr
R-VYtp fN j DiPm. BqRm Wdt\
jd Su Vo Fum NWQ Y RYn
[em . @am ju DtTj vR]m BRVU.
@Y @PYRtV BPm. NRL] @Ul NWjt
BPeLPp Td UodLjR @NdLXm. CNPU,
PU @pX RoUm , TWTLWm , @u , @Z
Fum XhVeLX U]m CThPp \
TtRpLs u GLdWR DiPm.
NWQ , Td Fum B YLm U]m
NpXhPp WQVUm RX] W_VL UodLjRl
uTt\Xm. Dd ATj GtTm Xp, DWd
Ldm I `VjXV Lj Ym
kdUpXY ? @jRLV Do XVm fN
j]p , U]m R]dl VU] Y Y
`VeL[ S JP; fm Lhds @Pe tm.
@kXp U]m LhlTh @UVn tm. U\L,
U]m LUdWRL[p @ofmT fu
R]m Iem RYj RU\L BWdm . @
250 c WUQ ULu TuULs
NkR`m , @ dLm BWiU dLLWm ; @q
XLm f XRY IeLtlTm. `VLm
_Lm @pX; VRojR NkV L vYTm. hYRp
Lj] VRYTp , @lVNjRp U]m
UuUm hUU\ . @jRLV o#U]m
@kRoLjm ToLjmP u]d Lhm
Su\L YX Nnm. O]m, Td, VLm Fm u
YLmP FdLWQjRX IYW U]m CTP
BVXu , LoU UodLjR @Yo @NdLXm .
@RuXm NjY Qj RTt , V VSXm
eV @UV UYXm. Ds[m NXUV Xp
O], Td, VL UodLeL[l uTt\Xm; @pX Su
@xdLl Tm LoU VLm Iu]XVP Ds[
UXof R] DiPLXm.1

1
T., 27. YN]mRm-1, Td. 31-32.
@jVVm G
dLs V?
TdRu: AuU O]ju TVu Fu]?
TLYu : @Y @RPV TVm B BXdm
Am .
TdRu : S u L h L Y k R , R u ] j R u D Q o R p
FRtLLY ?
TLYu: FRtLL Fu LhTRtj R]d @VXn
FU BpX. Iu\ @PVYim Fu ]dm
@LkRVV Su @epX. BlT NoY TWQUm
@am vYTm Iu\ . Ru]jR] DQW IYo
]lTRu ? VpYRu ? mU BkYR] !
BlTs[ XU lLWUn BpXRRpR]
\X Jo \ X DiP Fu S\m? R]
DiUVj Ru DQu @Y TWQ l X.
@lm @LkR @\Y @Lu\PjR, ^oY TWQ
@am#vYTUm AuU Iu\ BPP Im.1
UtNu] Ls L @oYULY I XWp
]YlThP. G]p ULVd LQ Yk
T]YoLp TmTXod , AuL @uU
mTjRdLRpX Fum, AuU @Y DfN DVo BXd
Fum JW[ Rm. uYm NmT`Qp, AuU
NWju DjRNjRl kLsm AoYjPu
] FlTlThPRp, @RtL] Pm AZm
dLRn @U\ .
T.: BkR NR]ju XhVm Fu]?
T L .: NjV NhNjLWmRu ; Ds[R Ds[T
DQoYRu .

1
T., 487. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 175.
252 c WUQ ULu TuULs
T.: NjVju BVp Fu]?
A @kRUt\ NYRUn, NoY RN#LX VTLUn,
NoYRUn, SU # TeLs, LrfLs, Ut\eLs , NdLs
@]jtm , _P # NR]m @]jtm @xP]
( XlTP] ) DiUVnj R] IoY @ .
TtTXYnd LQlTm VUpXm 1 U U\k
Rm; NoY # NhVm NjVm Iu\ Fum Ds[ .
@ , LiTu # Lh # LiTs Fum V
( u XL[ ) IupXRRL Ad Io\ .
Ls RN #LXeLd DhThP Rt\eLs UhU;
NjVU @YLd @xP]ULm @RULm
(@Yt\ Em, @Yt\VpXm LPkm) Ds[ .
@jRLV NjVju L]p # o Tu\ Tnj
Rt\eL[ Ls Vm .
T.: LiTY]V Sm TnjRt\m Fu\p @Rm
@LtVu gs[ Vo?
TL .: S]Ru , Su Fum WUV Ij ,
(VRojR ) S]L g t\ . TjRUt\ TXj
Rum AuU NhNjLW kR @lT Bd\ !
@kRo @p TjRuU FR]m LQo .2
AuUO]m FuTRu DhT[ @Vj RYV @SL
RjY @OoLm NUV XoLm , @Rj RY\Lj
jd m, Gu, Nm, BLrkm P Yks[]o
FuT VldV ! UtNu] YNLjp TLYu
WUQo [ds[T , AuU O]m Fu\p jV
NjVjR DQoY, F Ds[ Ds[T Ds[R @R
@Y FuTR RW Y\pX. @R] IYo @kRm
@Vm @lTiU @YLY BkYm; @
WkRWU] . Ut\m LQR . Blm , RjY
1
LiT] d Fum , LQlTYRj Vm Fum
NpYoLs .
2
T., 28. YN]mRm-1, Td. 35.
dLs V ? 253

@OoLu GUt\jRm ZlTjRm k


Ls[m \. @YoLs FpXYt\m U]jR[p
j oYULd Wjd Ls[ mu\]o .
@TYu # @ # @TTs Fu\ u
XLdm IW NUVm uXULm , @Yt\d
LPkm, @Ytt @lTt Thm Ds[R @lTiU
FuTRpXm jdl \mT] L]p o Tu\ Tnj
Rt\U Fu Ls\oLs. ALYRu, @YoLd
@dLdV XT P GpX. BRu LWQULY,
AuU O]m FuTRu @ojRjRm BVpTm j
FlTlTm LsL[ TLYu TYL Gtd
Ls[pX. G]p , @YW NVpSdLm Ls
LhTYu AuL p DRYRVu , t\u
AoYjRj llTjYRtLpX. RYlTY AuU
@Y FhYRtL] Vt UhU, @ hV\
LsLs Gm FZ FuTRV @Yo UdLd
@j YkRo.
Be YTYoLp TXo ReLs `VjRd Lhj
RYRh, YudRu DXLd Li\], @Yu
LoUjRp TdLlT\] BpXV. DPp UjRu @Yu
Fu]Y\u , dp DPp IUVUU @pX
U\kU, DPp QUL kRY] dRu F]XU
Fu\pXm Lhu\]o . @YoLs @]Ydm IW
P , dR]m dVm Tt AnYRp TVu
Ium BpX . T kRm Fu Iu Bd\R ? Su
TkRlThPY] Fu Ru]V IYu AWnkRp ,
TkR\f uUjW vYTUu\ gm FuTR .
@Y Wf]Ls @]jtm Y] IW P!
AuU NhNjLWm FuTRLd YmP Jo WUV
# UVf \-k UVUnj Rlj Y Tu!
# Fum lhPo!
TL .: I Rjp , AuU NhNjLWm jjRp
FuTRLf NpYmP Jo WUV Am. AuUYL
254 c WUQ ULu TuULs
BpXR Iu\ (@LkRV) AuU (_ Su) FuTm,
DiUVt\R (DXLVR LhL[) DiU FuTU]
Uh UVdLjp UdLs U]eLi DZu YYRp
@YoL[ @qY\] WUum hTRu ThP
AuU RN]m FnRp Fu\ Bu] WUV T
NnV So\! G]p, DiUp AuU FlTm
AuUYLY Iok Y\ . @R]l Rn
@PVYim FuTRL IuU BpX. Ds[ Ds[T
BlT AuU Iu\, @Rt @uVUn Y FU
BpX FumT, Vo, FR], FqY NhNjLlT?1
AuUO]m jlTRtm O] @[[o XV
FhYRtm BPV YT LiTR lTL NUV
jRkLu Lj YtULdd LWQUL
@U\ . BY YqY NUV UWLdPX]
jVNeLd @L\. I URj]o O] X
TYRtm , Y\ URj]o AuU O]m
FnYRtm YqY VtLs UtLsu\]o .
BmUV] FP FiQm ARWUt\ . IqY
URjm ULuLs Rus[]o # Bk RoUjm
Ut\ NUVeLm B\Vh NpYoLs Bk
Yks[]o. @YoLdPVm, IqYYu N`
QeL[Vh @L @[p jVNeLs Bk
Yks[]. TWU]kR TWYN Xp R] U\k m
jRoLs RtLi NkR vYL[] eLYoLs
YWp , YWdVU DY] Lk RTvLs Rp
LiVm WmV VYoLs YW , U\ hTj RjY
OLs Rp FUp BZm NdLs YW
@u]oRm Q YTLs u\]. @YoLPV
AuLj Rofm TXRWlThP . @YoLs Xo
@UxV NdLs LYWl Tt\YoLs ; Y Xo
TuTjp X LiPYoLs . Utm TXo UP
YodLjtL] @ul Tp RmU @olTjd
1
D.D., pp. 232, 233.
dLs V ? 255

LiPYoLs . BYoLs VYU NRWQ URoL[p


@PV VR @[dj nU YnkRYoLs .
BqXp Bk YmTR RnLj RuU
Tt\YoLs Fu @jRLVWf NpXXm. Am
BqY\] XT VU, Su Y, LPs @pX
TWUjU Y Fu\ YR BXlTL[d
LiPY . @eL WojR] LhPVj RY .
YlT ( RnY RN]m ) LZdV Iu .
LilT] LhThu WLWm NRWQ URu AuU
@um FqY[ Wm X t\] @R
@[d UtNu] VYoLm AuU O]lTt
um Rs tTYoL[ AYo. G]p , RRXm
TWU NjVjtm, YWVdLlThP XLdPV
# FpXVt\ TWmTdm , YWmdhThP
VddPV # TY] @[Lp Gm
BdLUhP. Ym @pX B\d Lhm
I Tj XhNU LV FpXVt\ FiQ] @]kR
Ld @s[ Fi AP . BjRLV @RX
TR[ BPYV I jRURd LRVp jRdLXm:
Ru RXp kR _U RXk TnhP
Fu Fi N]jPu IjRu @R YPdLQdLL
EoEWnj RVXkR]m . LPp IYo
_UV ? @Ru Du LNjXV Rk
Pd\R? Fu LYjf Nu] \L @Yu Ru
@VUV DQokR]m. HV, FeLpXU R ,
LXjR WVUd hPU Fu Ru]V Sk
LiP]m . F FlTV , BlTRY RV
PjhPR Fu U] mUm Tt\]m !
BqY\m , DiUp @kR STo _UVj
RdLi TLUp BkkRp @ RuPU
BlTRd LijdLm UhPu @pXY ? I
V @pX Ro , NRWQ URoL[P AuU
O]jd @p Se YTYo Fu LsY
Fu]Y VRojRjp DiUV. IlPL, RjRuU
Fu\ WU I NRWQ URdm Di; I Sn
@pX Ljtm Di. Bkm, SVP NRWQ
256 c WUQ ULu TuULs
URd AuU @ Tm NjVd LL
@LmR] ?
NUV pLp YqY XX] TX YodLeL[l
Ttd \lTu\]. AuL NR]m OVd
YqY TXLs @Uu\]. tLU] AuL
UodLeLp @kRkR UodLjR UtLsm RPdL
XL[Vh , AuLl T XLm @UVl
Tu\]. BYTtd lhP LsLd TLYu
WUQo Tp YkRo Fm , RULY @Ytu
RWRWeL[l WvRdLpX . G]p R]
@VoLs UPLj Ru\ UnmUu NVpL[l
TdWUL DQWYim FuT c WUQu DjRNm
@pX . U\L , Iu\V]m , WkRWU]m , Fem
\kRU] TiUV Sd @YoL[ ILUn,
SWVnf NjYRu\ @YW @mTm SdLm!
T.: iV LoUjRp YodLXLl Wl DiP?
TL .: BlT BlTRl TXYRu @lTm
BlTm . BlT FlT Bd\m FuTRj
RkLiPp , B YWlTm DXLeL[l Ttf
Ntm kdLUhPm .
T .: D f N D V o A u U X F u T R u Y i P m
F]lTYR ?
T L .: DfN DVo AuU XV , YiPU
YodLU DeLs BpXUp Y\e Ds[?
T.: A]p, V lu R]LY IYd YodLm
jdLXm @pXY?
TL .: BkR XLm Uhm DeLs V lTlT
jjRR ?1
@RTu, R STu AuL Y[ofp YqY
TXLs Di Fu dLUnd s[o Fm,
@Y jd LY]Un jl TVpX.

1
T., 385.
dLs V ? 257

k DfNkRX YWp TWs[ SWm


UiPXjp YNVn @Uks[ UVeL[ VL
NdWeLs F]lTY] . @mUVeLs IqYudm
RjR Nd @pX @jRl Di.1
RtTs[ Jo jRiPo I lhP @YRWd
LPs NdVp @LjiRp Tt @sYd
YZeYYRLj Rm LslThPRLm , @qY\]
Lr DiUVL BdLU VR Fu IYo
TLY]d LhPT @Yo TWjRo:
DmUf tm LQlTTY FqY[ Wm
DiUV]YV @RTu\ DiU TkVYV
@Ym !
@]kRL Fu\ Yt\ FiQ IlLp
FlT FkR I Ll TV Fim @ojRUt\R @R
Tu, AuU DiUV Il NnRp BkR T[L
DXL @pX Y\kR UXL DsVpT] DiU
YnkRY @pX.

Y]m, Iu\Vn Xjdm TiUV Jo


Du]R @hRiPo LdLs[RYWLY @pX
TWYN XeP @qiUVf NtTUm
DQokWRYWLY BdLdm ; Am @ Jo
ThPpX . @u]W @LjnU Utm AuLl
TWYu At\p @YW Bp BmUX
UUX Y] UnmU Xd Yf Npm.

B BXdL U]jp Bj @R] Sd Vt


UtLsm FYdm BPXLs Gm PV .
Iu, @Yo BXdL Fh UngO]m TYo, @pX
FhPUhP @R]l T\j RYYo # @qY[YRu!
BRlTt TLYu U]Yk YlTPVLY
TLus[o . G]p , @kR SW AuU @TYU
@Yo YjRjR UodLm Am .
1
S.D.B., XIX. (NjRo^] TxVm).
258 c WUQ ULu TuULs
UngO]m @pX d TYp YqY
XLs PV . RXl T Xp TXLs
G ? 1
T .: j V N j V j R @ P u B P X L s X
YNdWUUL BdLYim Fu ]d\u .
@qY TXRWlThP NjVeLs Ds[]Y?
T L .: Y] @TYeLs TXRWlThPYVL
BdLXm. DiUp VR TTm BpX. Rnj
Rum FkR @TYm U\kR Tm . XV]
^j R BeL BlTR BlT , R]d @VXn
Fu FlTm U\lT .2
AuU O] UodLjp BPXLd BPpX
Fu\Tm, u]hPm @pX LQSW AuU R]m
Fu NpXdV UnVYd t @TYeLs
PdLlT\XmRu. @Y PUt\, XLs[R AuU
@TYeL[Vm. X NUVeLp, RU Yrp AuLl
Tt Gm UtLs[R TXdmP BmUV]
@TYeLs GtTYi . FiQeL[ @\Y
\dLdm Ttu [YL NRLu @LkR Ue
UeLp BqY\] LQSW @TYeLs LrY
NjVU. l[]v3 @pX UnvPo Fdaoh4 Tu\
\kR U\O] @OoLmP BqY\]
@TYeL[V Rm SmkRRLm, XV] WQ
@TYm hPpX Fum IldLsu\]o.
IYo Jo DVo @LV YU] TojR
UjWjXV Rm DVo @L AP U? @kR
DVo TRV YlTRtL] RL[m YnlTm
LVt Nn Tt\ \LpXY @kR DVo TRV FhP

1
D.D., pp. 87,88.
2
T., 132.YN]mRm-1, Td. 135.
3
Plotinus (.. 205-270): Fl ShPf NokR U] RjY O.
4
Meister Eckehart. (.. 1260-1327): _oUVf NokR RjY UR.
dLs V ? 259

m ? BRTu, U]f\p @PThd Pdm


@LkR FlTRm AuU RoN]jRd LQSWm
LihPRu LWQUL , @qYLkR RnL AuU
APd U? Vt UtLi U]jR tm
@dLRYWp AuU NhNjLWm BVXR LVm. I
fNdLWu W_NTp L tdm @WN]d
LiQWd Li m YkRPu, W_ RN]m PjR,
ALY BlT Sm W_ AhPu Fu @dL
U ? 1
T .: Jo\ @PVlTt\ AuUO]m SlTRp
U ?
TL.: O]X B Fu Jo\ IY DQokR
UjWjp @ NL_U P. BPV\ @kX u
YN]L[ tm Yu\YPU @ RPVt
BVpTn Im. AuU FpXdm @TY NjVU
Fm @ Sm ]d\Y @pX . Ru FuT
BkRY\ Bd\ . BqYTYU NU . Sld
DxQU TYUm, UkWm , Td AYNm R-V
LWQeL[p @lTRd PlTTp, YvRYU]
AuU O]m YN]L[p U\t\t Tp Bdm;
YN]Ls @t\PjR RPVtf Pm . NL_
O]jtj RP YN]L[ (_uUkW U] BVpL[).
YN]L[p RPTm O]jRp \lTt\ X LP.
YN]L[p TdLlTm O]m P O]UL. NL_
Ou Nup , @YW @iVu YN]Ls
Ie , U]m @Ut NU X [dL\Xm .
u uXp @qY FnRlTt\ O]m
PUYRt BPP ShPm Yim. BUV ShPjRp
YN]Ls Vm SdLl Tt\YW YudRo.2
1
S.E., 37.
2
T., 141. YN]mRm-1, Td. 143-44.
260 c WUQ ULu TuULs
AuU NWQ \ Ndj Rd \kR Ru ]l
@pX RgV Rl YnkR Fum, @Rp VYo
Utm Yh NpYoLdL DjR] TYPdLm
Ru]dLm Rd tLpX Fum X Y\h
UoNLoLs Yhs[]o. Su Vo Fm LtT] DXp
DXYR j , NRLu YN]L[ Uhm
L[kLs[ tThPX Tm , Wp AuU
DiU Tfm Fu\oLs . TodLlT]p , AuU
NWm BUldm TYPdLjtm @lTtThP ;
FPV] BUL[d LPk NpY. Ds[ Ds[T
@YLY XtTRtL] NR] \ @. @LkRV
UPd @PdY UhUpX @Ru Ds[Pd; @R]f
Rj Rnd LWjRX @Ru Td.
BlTm FlTm Sm AuUYLY Bk
Y\m . A]p @LkR DQofVm AuU
DQoYm Nojd Zld Ls\m . BY
@VU . @LkR IkRp @jPu @VUm
I\ . ALY , @LkRV UnlTR Sm NnV
YiV IW LVm. AuU FYodm BVpTLY
BkLiP Bd\; @R Vm Rn @PV
YiYpX . @ RpX , Smm YUpX ;
FlTm FelT; BeL BlTR Ds[.1
T.: O]UodLjp, StQeL[ R-p Tt\L Yim
Fu Np\oLs . ReLs DTRdm BqYV
Y\Rm YiP SW AuU UVjR S
Wk Np\.
TL.: Am. FpX odQeLm @LkRVl Ttl
TPok FY]Y. @LkR RXkRp, Fus[ AuU
R] WLd\. @eL SpX Qm TpXR Qm
IupX. VTm odQm, Qm# Fm @t\.2
1
T., 174. YN]mRm-1, Td. 170-71.
2
T., 146. YN]mRm-1, Td. 151.
dLs V ? 261

ULuLs Utm U\OVWl Ttd ]m. @R


@j, @V NdLs LYWlTt\ jRoL[ @RY,
BVtL V NdL[l TYRu Th UngO]
NR]V UtLsm NRLoL[l Tt Be
lPYim. BR] TLYu Fum EdjRpX.
UngO]m hLp @RP @UxV
jLm LYi . G]p DVoXp
rXm @PdLm. Am, jLu R] lTm
UngO]m FnYRtj RPVLd dm .
FqY\p, rXVm jLu R] ShPm, DfN
DVoXVm UngO]j RhPjR Id
YlTRLY m . @LkRdl V (UV UkW )
NdL[ YZeYR BXdLeLp , @ @R NUVm
@LkRV FqY @PdVdL BVm ? @qY
VpTYu UngO]m F FuTR]l k
Ls[RY] .
T.: RnL `oLu hU NdLs VY?
T L .: @qY\] @UxV At\pL[ ,
DVoY]R RrY]R A] U]NdV @pX
eLs m RnL URoLu hU U] @XLu
[Y FYm @Y VU LYWlTt\ STWf
NokRYV Am . DiUp Vo @kR STo FuTR
R-p LieL[u!1
AuUs[ GLdW Xum Ntm
SYdL VtjRX AuU NWm TYod DV
dVd LP]m . SeLp @eL Rt\Um TtTX
U]UVd LhL[V IY R-V Rt\eL[
Fh @YR]X , SReL[d LhTR]X ,
@LjRm \jRm Rum oj RN]eL[
DiUV] Ts Fu UjRXX GUk Ru]
BZkPdP. LhL[ @m @Y NjVm @pX
1
D.D. , p. 232.
262 c WUQ ULu TuULs
FumT @Tm TsL[V VeLs
(LhLs) NjVURp FeM]m?1
Nj]t \Vek RuUQ WRX
jLQg NoYU]f Nhdm - jRoj
Ru] Vl ]mUhj RqYW]f
Nu]P YuLRu N .
Ds[ StT-@TkRm, TPp 15.

[Ts: UL NdV RmU BVdd\ FuTR


DQWR X jRoLs , BVtL LPkR j NdL[d
LdLs[ ]u\]o . B Jo PYu LRd
IlT]. PYu Nu]]m VWm Fu LpL[l
j Fl tL YjRp FkR FVm NUj
rjYu Fu !]
jRjp NkVR jRU jVt
jRjp NnLuf jVf - jLt
jRgNo YWeMu jRd LXdLko
jLk RnYo U .
Ds[ StT-@TkRm, TPp 16.

[Ts : U]f Nk WkRWUYR d Fu\p ,


jRm NokR ( U]UVU] ) NVp XUL UhU
LdLs[dV jYX Tu\ UV NdLp
U]jR Zjd LsTYoLs, U]d LXdLjRj odm
d Ljp FqY d S]Vm?]
T.: Vdl oY _uUUpXm RUU?
T L .: B k R _ u U j R l T t R - p D ] d j
RU? oY _uU UpXm RV Yi
Uu\V! BkR _uUjRl TtV DiUV
BlT Rk Ls ; Ut\ _uUeL[l TtV
DiUVpXm R] RVYm . BlTs[ Bf
t\Y YjdLiP BqY[ LxPlT\n .

1
S.I., ch.II, 16. c WUQ tWh, Td. 239-40 (DTRN UgN).
dLs V ? 263

Bum (oY _uUjV) @L @Y U]jp Gtd


LsY]u ? Bum @Ld LxPlTPY ?
T.: Ut\YoLd O]m DiPdL, ReL[ WLV NdLs
DTVLUu\]Y @pX ReL[ AuU @V
@Rtl TU?
TL.: Ut\ FpX NdL[d Lhm, AuUV
UL Nd YnkR . Od @LkR @tl T]Rp
@Yd @VXo FYm BpX . @Yu D]d
@dLdV Lf \kR SXu F? A]kRm. A]kRm
Nkp \d\. LXdLm @t\pRu Nk Xdm .
LXdLU U]jp Fm FiQeL[p DiPY. U]U
BpX Fu\p WQ NkV Ds[. U]m NjRXV
Nkm Lm T\V. R-p, Ru But\XV
Ut\YoL[ BujRm V. U]Ut\ Od, @Yu
xp (LiSdp ) Ut\Yo BpXRRp , @Y]
@V Ut\YoL[l TWYNUdLl TU].1
T .: RQoj vRjWju p \lThPY ,
FpXkR]m CvYWjYjPu ( RnYX FnRl
Tt\Pu) @xP UL jLm Lu\]Y?
TL.: FpXm R]Vm Fu\ CvYWjYjR R-p
@PYm; Ut\RpXm @Ruu Tojd Ls[Xm ;
R] RVYm.2
AuU @TYjp Ds[ YV ? @Rt
@VXn NdV jV FlT BdLm ? Ym
O]m Fp TmTXod @ @qY[ lLWUL
BpX . jLm DiPu\p @lTRu @p
YWvVm ! U]lTuU BlTkRp ShPm
jLs BdUVul TWU # DTNkR O] Lju
BW . jLs ShPm LiPYu NhNjLW
1
M.G., I, p. 41,42. ULo YnU, Td. 41-42.
2
T., 7. YN]mRm-1, Td. 2-3.
264 c WUQ ULu TuULs
W_ThPV hd V TdLYV Nu ,
YRYm TLdm . @YoL[ SoYp
NjYRtLLY, O]jRXV jLs @]jRm
@PVXm Fu NpX Yid\. O]jXV
NLXm @PdLm . O jVl Tt @m
]Vu . O]U dVm ; @Rt\ \ ,
@YVU]j Ru]p jL[l Ttf klTm.1
UngO]m hYRt uTLY hV \L ,
NRLu BVpTl Tj @UxV NdLm @YW
YkRPVdm . A]p @fNdL[ Jo ThPL
UdLdP ; @Yt\ SlT\m mTXL .
@qY\] NdLs YWlT\pX FuTRX, RnLd
LhLs Ru\pX Fu\ LWQjRX AuU
NWQl TRp U]kR[WXL.
T.: AuL Y[ofu DfN Xp DPp \o Lidl
XlTP U\k TLf NnYm Lm
Fu\oL[ ?
TL.: DPmTl Tt FRtLL ]lT? Sm DPmT?
T.: BpXRu. Am W NR]Vp DP-m UT
DiPUpXY ?
TL.: DP-p Fu] URp GtTPYim? FRtLL?
T .: DPp ( UVUn ) U\Rp , FpX LPkR O]ju
@VpXY ?
TL .: @lTVp , FpXm LQ Bk , T ,
WkReL[ @V TVoLs @]Ym @gOLs
Fu NpoL[?
T .: YxPo , Yp Tu\ Ls @jRLV Nd
Tt\YoLs Fu Np\oL[?
TL.: O]jPu @jRLV jL[m TtkR
@YoL[ WWlR N`UdLXm. A]p SUdLu

1
T., 57. YN]mRm-1, Td. 73.
dLs V ? 265

@YVpXm ? @jVYVUm UngO]jtj


RPVL FoTPdV jLs `Vjp BqY[
WjR LsYRRt? DPm LQlTYRl Tt FkR
OVY LYXlThPiP ?
T.: BpX.
TL.: NRWQ U]^ NdTt\ U]YV UkWY
Pl \o Ru]d LQRT NnLs[Xm .
@Xu] N`m? @R]p @Yu O AY]?
T.: BpX; ALUhPu!
T L .: LQlT\ FuTRtm , LQlTPpX
FuTRtm , LiTYu IYu R-p BdLYim .
@qY LiTYu Vo Fu R-p TolTm .
Ut\YL[, @YVU]p , \ Tojd LsYm.1
BWi UR LXm WUQfWUjp RekR _.Fm. X
Fm @UdLo RUd AuL NdLs Gm
LPpXV Fu @eLXnjRo. PTLp
TLY] ]]o:
X: BT AiL[L Su @jVjU SdPu Bk
Y\u. A]m Wx, WWYQm
(XuLd @lTtThPYt\d Lhm At\p), \o
LjRRp RXm NdL[l T\pX. BqP-p
Lhi @PThd\u. Fu] NnY !
TL.: DiU Iu\ D[; @Ru AuU. \ Vm
@RX Ru U\m Zt hPeL[ . LiTu#
Lh#LiTs Fum VpXm ( u
XdL[uLm ) AuUp @PdLm . Ru]h
FR]m TodLY LhLY , ]dLY U ?
@p BlTRl TolTRtm FeL RXp
BlTRl TolTRtm Fu] TRm ? BWim

1
T., 30. YN]mRm-1, Td. 42-43.
266 c WUQ ULu TuULs
LLWQLu BVdLm Bd\; BWim V.
@lTdL , WlToY , WWYQLp Fu]
N`m Bd\ ? Um , Rn YkRRpXm
Tnm; FulTR Bdm. NvYRUn, Rnu
@u BlT AuU NTUm DiU Iu\ .
T\u , Y\u , Nn\u Fum BVdLeLs
@]jm RPok BkYY Su Iu\. @Y
@]jtm @lTPV] NjVm. @kR DiUVV
LPs U^t Su S]d\u (I AM that I-AM)
Fum , @UVn u , S] LP[d\u
FuQo (Be still and know that I-AM GOD) Fum
DTRjRo. ALY S]lTR LPs.1
BYW Nu]Yt-k Iu Rs[]j RVYm:
@RY, AuU NhNjLWm @pX AuU FuT
LL FR] , BVpT] . DiUp @ Iu\
XTU]RLm TYU]RLm BlT. YU] Ds[
Ds[T BlTR @kR IuV XVm. BqY\m,
BkR Bl X LL @RLY @VlTY .
NdLdm ULuLdmP UVnj RkWR.
U\OVWp X RQeLp LQSW @TYUL
DQWlTY. AWdLQdL] URoLs VW IYo
U] TTLju (\u) Th V\o. Vu\
TYnls[o Lsm VW IYo UhU Fu]
Ds[T @\o FuT RTRNm (TLYj R, @j.7,
X.3). WoxP YNUL, BkR DfN#DVo AuU XVj
Rm @Pk hPRLl TXm TNeLnl T\NtY
S] LXju LXm! ALY, NRLu T-L[l TjRV
Yim . FkR UodLjRd LPljlm , FkR
URju @lTPp NR] DlTtlm XhVm
FnRlThP \ BkR @u]R XT Iu\VLjRu

1
T., 503. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 199-200.
dLs V ? 267

Bdm . G]p @kR DfN # DVo X @TYm


BVpTLY YTLd @lTtThP.
YiQUX @QNXd u\ h UVUL
Yj UL WUQo BVtV uYm Hk l
TPpL[d LiP @QNX TgNWj]m UtNu]
LjRl WT-d\.
@s\ Y] @Rd LPX
LWp Vm em - @Q
TWUu UY [o D[l Su\n
T VL [e.

jWUm BKRpXm NmUXV uTX


DjRUn u\ IeUm - jVm
S]u ( ) BRV (m ) SjY Vp DuTo
Ru BRVm FuYo Rm .
@LLm Ao @kR @UXU Ru]p
@Lm BRu FeLm Fu() AnkR -
@LY
SuLk ko STm JU
DuLi @QNX] Vo .

YPVm h [em @QN


YVPdL tm U]jRp - D[URp
Du]j Vj VV Lm
Dup DVo Dm C() Du.

DuPjp IljR Ds[jRp FlTm


Du]d Li ( ) FpXm DuYn #
@uVp
@u Nm @u]u @QNX Ypm
BuYm Dup ArkR .

[Ts: Rp Nnp DQom Ds[m Iu\


FuTm , @]jRm Rus[Pd Iu\Pu
D\Tjm @Y @Yu Nd FuTm @s\Y]
@RdLPp , @Q , LWYu , Ds[j RUW AV
DTU]eL[p jRdLlThs[] . BWiPm Nns
@iQUXV AuUu \jRt\ YYUd, @Ru
268 c WUQ ULu TuULs
UV Flm _Lj jWjRd Lh , im
UXV Su Fu Sdm AuU]kRUn
Dsdd\. (BRV Yp Su AL SP]m
Y] @NYt\ @QVn Je\o ) . u\m
Nns, NRLm @Yu Rm jm U\k, AuU
Iu\ Rj tm NR]Vm AuU NWQ
\V Yd\. LP BWi NnhLs, VLm,
Td , LoUm AV up FRVm uTtYo
YtV LiTo Fu D u\]. G]p, Vu
Fm ]l LWkRu AuU YTPt\ @Ru
DiUY] TuTd LP-p k [V\.]
UngO] @TY lT NU F]lTY .
@SLUL, NU Fu\p RuYVZkR TWYN X Fu\
TmTm LRlT\ . Am @ @qYRu
BdLYim FuTpX. URj \uLs YRm
@UVnd LdLiPY\ NU Xp NUk
Y[V YY NjVU. DiUp, UL WUQWl
Tu AuU O]jp XLiP Jo TWUO
BjRLV DQo \UXV WkRWUn NUkRY\
NL_Un BVeYYo . GtL]Y lPlThPT ,
UngO]jRd LQSWd LhVL X RQeLp
UhU LQlTm RoLmP @lTWYN Xp
RuYVZlToLs FuT fNVpX.
AfWUjt YkkR Y XLN]kRo Fm
NuV, NU TReL[l Ttd LhPo .
TLYu :
(1) R] DiUp XjRX NU.
(2) Vt]p @qY XjjRp NLpT NU.
(3) NTjp U]m @k Y DQoL[t
BjRp oLpT NU.
(4) @gO]jp @k Y DQoL[t BjRp
j (L]Ls @t\ ArkR dLm).
dLs V ? 269

(5) FmVtm u R] BVpTm


NTLWULY BjRX NL_ oLpT NU.1
T.: (Ydp YSR @nVo): NL_ NU XV FnYRt
u]p oLpT NUV R-p FhPl WVjRdL
YiUpXY ?
TL .: SU U]lTdL[d LP VtdLp ,
@RY t\e\L[ V U]jR ILlTj,
FiQeL-k TP SgNV Vt Nn
u]Lp PdLlTm FiQ @XLs JnkR
@U XV oLpT NU. @Ru\ UuUm
RPok Vu, NU XVj RYm YU]
BPXL[d LPk @kR DfN DVo XXV
FlTm BldLsYR NL_ X . @qY\] NL_
Xp IYo AuUY UhU Li\o ;
Y\Yo DXL AuU UVULY Li\o.2
NUu BVpTl TtV Ls FmT, @RP
YSPYdLLs TtV Lsm F\ . NU
XV @PYRtL] Vtp CTYR j ,
NU FuT Fu] , @pX UngO]m FuTRu
RjTVm V? FuTRl TtVpXm QLd LtT]
NnLi , UngO]t\o Y YSPYd
LLs UtLs[XU PR ? FuTR] ELd
LhTL[l ]Yp TXo ]\oLs.
T.: WQ AuU O]m hV IYo @eem Num
NVtThm DWVm Y[VYYW ?
TL .: Gu P? AuU O]m FnVYo LeLp
Tu _PlT[LY IuUpXUp
VULY A\W ?
T .: Fu]Y F]dj RV . A]m , @qY\]
DfNXp NnLLs , FiQeLs , @TYeLs
1
T., 391. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 115.
2
D.D., p. 48.
270 c WUQ ULu TuULs
VYtum O XV tTo , DiUp
@YW NVtTLs @]jm @\Y @Pe
Ieu\] Fu\pXm \o NpXd
Lhd\u .
TL.: @lTV]p @Rtm ArkR D\dL Xdm
Fu] jVNm? RW, @qY NLXm IdLm Tt\
X FqY[Ru Du]RUm XT\] @pX .
@kX Ym , Tm ; ALY @ BVtLV]R
BVpT]R @pX. @lTdL, FkR Xm P
RPoYm, RN#LXm LPk Fu\um jlTU]
TWU#AuU NYRjR eLs Npm IeV X
jd LhYRLd Ls[ U ? I Xd
@jRLV TNR] XV @TlT @YVUL
BdLXm FuT Fu]Y YvRYmRu . @kX
AuL NR]p Jo RtL-L XdL[]LY @pX
@u]W YrSs Wm lTRLYP
@UVdm . @ RnY NeLtTm Fu\ WWlRm
Fu\ Ls[Xm. F FlTVm, @R DfNX
Fu eLs Y TkR . BpX , @
@lTjRu Fu\p TiPV Ls # Gu, LPmP
# eLs lm DfN DVoXV @PkRYoL[Ld
LR BVXUt Tnm! G]p, O]f LWeL[]
Ls Nn] YYeL[LY BVe YkR]o FuT
UhUpX , LP[m _LvYWu @XjR AsTYo ,
V VLeL[ (DXL SPYdLL[) Ah YlTYo
Fu\m @pXY?1
T.: NU FuT Fu]?
TL .: VL pLp BkR YojR JoYL TWYN
XV (UnU\lT )d d\ . NUp TXYLLs
Ds[]. Su m NUV @Ytum YThP.
1
S.D.B., X.
dLs V ? 271

BY NL_ NU F]lTY . BkR Xp DeLs


SPYdL VYtm @UPm, NgNXUt\ NkRl
WNu]jPm Bk YoLs. ArkR, Ds[okR NjV
AuUY DeL[ BVdd\ FuTRm, DeL[
NVp, Np, kR] FU DeLPV UnV] AuU
XVl TdL FuTRm DQooLs . @kR
DQoY DsW IuV Xp DeLdd
LYXL[ , U] D[fNpL[ , NkR l
YlL[ BW. G]p, @LkR TUn DeL[f
NokRY FU DiUp DeLPVY @pX ;
@Y DeL[ _ NTjR iPUhPRY, SPlTY
Vm Y GR Iuu BVdLeL[, UnmUVm @kR
Iup eLs IU LisoLs FuTR @oLs.1
UngO]m hV \m IYo DXLVR YrYj
RPWXm, @pX RPWUm BdLXm; FYm,
@ @u]u XTtp URp Gm [dL.
YkRYo Nu]o : U n g O V o T Y L j W
YrdLV IeL Id, DXLVR YLWeL[
Rnj Roj \oLs.
TL .: @lTm BdLXm ; BpXUm BdLXm .
Xo WQ O]m FnV \mP , RU YrdLj
RXV , YLjRV @pX ShP @WNs
YRV RPok UtLi Yks[]o . Y Xo
VYt\m \k , RU S , GLkR BPeLs G ,
DP-p DW YjlTRtj RYV] \kRThN
LVeL[j RW Ut\ SPYdLL[ @\Y Lh,
FUV DYn Yr\oLs . Bj Sm T
Gm oQdL V .2

1
S.D.B., XI.
2
D.D., p. 74.
272 c WUQ ULu TuULs
O IYu NVXt Bdm XV TX UpSh
FjR[oL[p k Ls[ YpX . BVu
YrdLp Ym U, UojR Fu\ B NLRLu
TdV m T , FlTm BVYl TtV
]jd Lidm UV DVokRYs, Fu BV
VR Gtd Ls[ BVXUp , BVtLL LoU
VVL BVeYkR UojRY DVokRYs , Fu
UpSh FjR[oLs LR tTu\]o . O
NVXum V mU BlTR BRu LWQUL
@YoLs Lidu\]o.

NRLo IYo ]]o, R]d UngO]m h]p


\d @R]p GRm DTVLm DiP Fu. TLYu
WUQo @Rtl uYU T-jVRL @VlT\.
Di. Ut\YoLd eLs VdV Lf \kR
DTLWm @Y Am.
A]p RPok BqY TLu\o:
Am @qY DTLdL DiUp Y
VpX !
BjRLV Vl o jR RoUjm
@dLlThs[ . FjdLhPL , Wj] jWjp
LiVm Tt [mVu jRo, DiUp LQ
L h Y R t Y V X o F u m [ d \ o .
jRWu RPok ]o : V ! UPoL[
hd LWVtYu Fu jRo Rus FiYo
Fu o @UdLo! @qYiQm BY]. Gu?
G]p Ru Fum Ut\ \o Fum, NRuV Ls
( X]s[ DoLs ) Fum , Utm Fem \kR
TWUjU FuTTu\ U]d LtReL[ jRo Ru
jRjp Wh\o FuTRL @pXY @ojRlTm ?
@Tu\ LtT]V Su U]p LiPYu @u.
XXp Ym UP YuLs UhU RU Ru
Fm BlQoY RU NkR DPUV] Fid
dLs V ? 273

Ls\oLs . ! XX YrYuLs FuTR]


F] NtWVLmP Jo NpXXeLWU RW
Y\pX . @qY\] YuLs D[o Fu @ojRm
Ls[XL . *
dR `]]Yu DXLem Nu O]jR
TdLYim Fu TXm Lu\]o . Ru]f
tm @VUm uTm \kdeLp , Ru
dRu Fu\UhP UZ U Fu Lh\oLs .
A]p dRu F]lTYu Vo ? Ru]f tm
@gO]jm uTjm ArklTW @Yu
Li\]? dX Fu]Yu DQWUXV dR
`]l Tt GRR Fid Lid\oLs .
dR `PV X-k , @YoLs FiY
FqY[ TjRUt\ Fu I DTU]jRp
[dLXm. L]p IYu TXWd Li\u. jRm
@Yu Ru L]t LiPo VYm lt\]W Fu
]Rp FqY TjRUt\R , @R @[
TjRUt\R dR `] LiQhPjp
YRjR ( BXl Te] ) \o LtlT !
dRdj R]dLVXn Vm Fm BpX.1
BqY\m , O YlToYd mU BlT
Tu Ru]m @Yo WUn BVed
LilTYW FuT Jo WiTP] DiU!
] RNjj RjY OVV XYhv FuTYu
DWLp IuU NnV ( Ru U]XXV )
O DXL]jRm As\u Fu\ YNLjR Pjp
kRp IYo Yjd LhVT , @Tt

* Yh LhPo FV F jvh Ts Fu\ --k


FdLlThP YNLju RZdLm B .
1
T., 498. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 188-9.
274 c WUQ ULu TuULs
TLYu uYU TLu\o:
Ou
U]m BPV\ BVdLU Am. mU
jRp NmTp @pX . TmTWm YLjPu
tmT @Ru BVdLm LQlTYpX .
@qY\Ru Yj Rt\jp NVXtd PlT
Tu LQlTm Om BPV\ BVedLiP
Bd\o . @qVdLm WVjR]uV SPTu\
WkRWj RYm Fu DWdLlTY.1
O @u\P NVtTLp CTh YWXU PR
Fu\pXm NkRLeLs FYTu Y\
Lsm FlTlTYi . O YNjt
DhThPYW ? FuTR @dLs . TodLlT]p
BdLs @ojRUt\Rm. Ou DPp Er]d
DhThPR Fu\ Tm , O Ru] DPX
NmTkRlTjd LsYpX FuTRp, DPd DiP]
Y OV TdLUhP. NYRU] AuUp
O Iud PlTRp, @u]W DPp, Yr, BqXLm
FuTR] Ym Zt Rt\eLd @Yo DhThPYo
@pX .
Bu (19#11#1946 ) LX RdL YkRYs IYo TLYPm
TPu LhPo: Odd LoUm BpX; Vp
LhiPYm @pX @Yo . @lTV]p @Yo Gu
DP-p DW Bk BVe YWYim?
TL .: BqY LhT Vo ? OV , @gOV ?
O Fu] Nn\o, Gu Nn\o FuTRl Tt eLs
LYX LsYRu? R-p DeL[l Ttf keLs.
BqY TWj Nt\ U[]UL BkRo UL .
A]p SWjtl \ Um [dLULd ]o:
DPX eLs Fu\ OTLjp TksoLs. @Ru

1
T., 599. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 252-3.
dLs V ? 275

LWQULY Om DPX VYo Fu


FioLs . Fu DPX Su Fu @ Y o
Np\W ? @Yd DPp Ds[ FuTRL
DeLdLpXY Ru\? @R]pR] Ut\YoL[d
TX @Ym DPXp BVe Y\o Fu ]doLs?
Ted Pdm Rmd Ltu NmTt, Lt\l
TXY Rt\Udm. A]p FRm LhYRt @
TV]t\ . IYo Ru] DPX DYLlTj Ym
YWp BqR VdV]eL[l k LsY
L]m. ALYRu BmUV] LsLd PVL,
Ru RXlT BVe u\ YWp O
DPp Y[V Y\o; tl Tt\m DPp
r\ Fu X NUVm NpX Yi Y\. BRt
DRWQUL I p#@mTd Yi . Fm
p--k FnR o#@m @Ru TRp RPok
l Tnk lhP BXdLj RdLY Nnm, A]p,
DiU Fu]Y BRu : UngO NLX l
Tldm @lTtThPYo ; DPXX Er]VX
LhiPYo @pX.1
BRTu, BuT#uTeL[ O DQoYW? Fu\
Lsdm BPpX.
RLU
Su Fu Lm TUWu RLjRm @Ru
DTRL[U DQo\u . RV] Y#VdjYm
Bu, FpXm R]LY DQm Od @Y] DPm
@Ru BuT#uT @TYeLs @]jm AuUYf
Nok tm AuUYj iYpX . @]jm
mULWU Am . BRu @gOLdm
OLdm BPVs[ TRm. Y-V YR]V
1
D.D., pp. 295, 296.
2
T., 383. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 110.
276 c WUQ ULu TuULs
BkRp BdLhU ! @m AuUu t\ .
AuUY TWQU]; R`m @t\.2
O TTm BZlTW Fu\ Lsm @NmTRm .
AuUO]m FuTRu RjTVjR @Vj RYVYoL[
BdLsV FlTdm . TTm @pX ]
FuTRpXm @LkRu NVp , @pX RSTo Ru
VSXju Th NL VV @pX LPu
[jtj RLR NVX UtLsYRm . A]p
@LkR FuTRLj RVL DiUp BpX ,
@]jU Fem \kR AuU FumT , Vo ,
Vd FWLj fNVp Y?
UngO IYW , @gO Ru]l Tu
DPX V I VdV] BlTLd L GRR
Lh\u . Ru] @Yo LojRYLd (NVpLs Y
R] Fu ) LYRp , OVm @Yu @qY\
LUeL[f NnTY]Ld L\u. A]p OV
vYTLW]LY ( RuUVU]Y]LY ) BlTRp ,
@YdLo R VdjYm BpX; VdjYjRl
TtV Lm LojjYm (], Sp] FuTR]
NVtTLm ) @Ydf Ntm BpX . LojR
( NnTYu ) Sm Fu , LoUjR ( NVX ) l TtV
LsLs Fm. LojR Vo Fu TodeLp, @qY
LojR Fu Vm gYpX. @LojRYm (LoUeLs
@t\) AuUY Fg tm.1
@]j StQeLm RnLjRuU YnkR
BVpLm O]ju Ds[PdLm . odQeLm
TnjR]U] LV NVpLm @gO]ju
Ds[PdLm. O]m DdLp B\UdV BVpLm

1
T., 499. YN]mRm-2&3, Td. 189.
2
D.D., p. 239.
dLs V ? 277

RULY YkRPu\] . ALY , O FuTYo Tn


TNY, TTf NVp VY tm BVXRYo.2
@LkR @khP Fu\ U]m Uj hP
Fu\ lY tX NkRolTeLp RY\Ll
T\. @Ru NV] Ds[ojRm BY: LsLLs,
hPeLs Utm LjdL[ DYdYRLY
RtlTRLY DQWlTm U]m U\\ ;
DnjQm V @ UhU g, V, VmWLNl
WdOVL \ T\.
T .: U] ]l]Xu Y FlT Vl WdOV
DQoY ?
TL.: DPp R-V] RPok BVeYTX U]m
FiQeL[p BVed LidLXmRu. @R]p jR
NRuV vWQjt ( Su , Su Fm V
DsQod) BP IupX.1
U]m BpX BVeY FlT Fu LhTd,
Yu#dRd NjY U]m Di Fu NpX
Yid\. A]p, DiUp NjY U]m FuT
TW#NRuVU (YWmTt\ Vl WdOV). LiTu Lh
FpXU GL (IW) NTUL @kR @LiP TW#NRuVm
Iu\ R] R]nf Po\ . @ uVm @pX ;
@VUm @pX. @Y VRojR NTUV GLjU.2
Ou U]m TLtTp Ds[ NkWuTX Fu
XNUVm IlPlT\ .
NkWu V Il WT-lTp WLd\. Vu
@vRjR \ TsL[d LQf NkWY
DTVLU\. Vu DjR \ NkWu ALNjp
LQlThPm @Ru DR IYdm RYpX .
U]dm BRVjdm Ds[ NmTkRm BlTV .
1
T., 43. YN]mRm-1, Td. 59.
2
T., 68. YN]mRm-1, Td. 88.
278 c WUQ ULu TuULs
WTX] YfNjRp U]m TsL[d LQ
DTVLU\. U]m Ds[ehP Fu\p BRVm
V Iu Xm R]LY WLd\. @lT U]m
TLp NkW]lTX A\. Jo @\ BhPL Blu
@R [dLj Tm RY . Vu DjRp Tm
RYpX ; TsLs LQlTu\] . V]l
TodLj Tm RYpX. VmWLN Vu TdLm Du
LiQj l]X Tm. @RTXYRu U]ju
`Vjm. TsL[d LQ U]RV WTX] I
RY ; BRVjRd LQ U]m DiLlThPp Tm .
@lT U]m IeL, BRVm R] WLd\ .1
HV!@LkRV @\Y @LtdLsYR? @lT
Su Fu]Yu ? Fu X NUVm TXo TVm
RjRi . A]p TLYu WUQo, IqY RWm
elTm Tm eLs @qYR] @LkRV
hoLs? Fu OTLlTj]o !
@LkR
@pX U]m @t\p @Ru [
Ym TrU]Um uVm @u\! Fu _]eLs @fNm
Lsu\]o . DiUp Fu] Lm Fu\p ,
FiTYu, FiQlTY, FiQm VU IW XUV
V DQop BWiP\d LXk Ium. @Y TWULm,
TuTm. ALY @kR @U Xp U]m Ukjl
TYR, Ym uVjR DQoYR LZ. FiQeLs
Vm LZu, U]SNm NmTdm XVUVd j
UdLs Gu TVlTP Yim Fu F]dl VpX.
@u\Pm ArkR jWu T @RVjR
XVjR] nd\oLs? Su\Lj eLp U]U
FiQU BpX . Am , jRkRu , Aa !
LUnj e]u! Fu\oL[!2
1
M.G., I. p. 18,19. Uao YnU, 15-6.
2
D.D., p. 65.
dLs V ? 279

Um , emT U]jR uVUdd LsYRu


ThP UdLs RU @LkRVj RtL-LULf
NWQPd\oLs. U\L, O] \X @LkRu
RX RLok V DQoY IuQ\ . @kR
@fN XV TuTm.
YkRYo (15#5#1946 @u) FlV ]d PVL
UL WUQo uYU UkRo:
DeL[p LtT] Nn TodLdV @[dL]
LTLjR eLs ( AuUTYjp ) T\dm #
@pX TodLlT]p , eL[ @jRLV TWULUL
APXm . eLs BlT lhWjR L
YLL[] BuT Lo, U]Ur, WQ l, A]kR
TWYNm Tu\ VU DeL[ DiU BVpp eL[L
Ds[ TWU A]kRju WT-lL[ @u Y\pX.1
I @UdL U TLYu WUQu NU @TYjR @YW
NpXd LhLl TWYPu ]]s . @Ys R]
@TYeL[ TLYPm , Ru Npm Y SW]R
Fu Tojd LsYR DRUm Fu TdLj-kRo
Fjd m @Ys uYU im ]]s.
U: TLY] @TYm SUdl WUQUn DRm; F]
@TYjRf NpYRp Vd Fu] TVu? NU
Xp TLYd DxQ DQof GtThPR @pX
ofV? Rp u AiLs TLYu
YQoYt\ NUp BkRRLl TjRkRu .
@kR NUX FlT BkR?
TL.: U]jRd LPkR XV NU F]lTm. @R
NtL[p FlT [dL m ? Ym dLX
@TYjRV BlT @lTVu\pXm [d DWdL
VRT, NU @TYjR FqY YlT ?

1
D.D., p. 199.
280 c WUQ ULu TuULs
U: dLjp DQoYt BkRm Fu RV
Y\R ?
TL .: BkR DQom , DQouUm U]UVU .
@Y BWiPm LPkR XV NU.
U : BkRm , GR I YLp @R Nt\m
YdL VR?
TL .: @TYm Iu\XV NU BjRLV Fu
@Vdm . 1
X NUVeLp @Yo Uj WV DRWQULd
Yi .
T .: O, @gO BYdm DXLm Iu\Lj
RumT @YoLs ToYp Fu] jVNm
BdLdm ?
T L .: DXLjRl TojRm , O @qXd
ARWUV Ru]V Li\u ; DXLjRd LiPm
LQhPm @gO Ru Bdm BVpTm Ru]
@YpX . TPd LhLp Wp Lm NX]f
jWeL[ BRt DRWQUL Fjd Ls . AhPm
RPe u Duu Ds[ Fu] ? Ym W
UhmR] ? @kRj WuUp Lh YRm
Liu\n . TolTRtf jWeLs @]jm
DiUTp Bdu\]. A]p @eL Tn Rhl
TojRp TtdLsY FR ? BkRf NX]l
TPeL[pXm @jQ UnVLd LQlTYRt
ARWU] Ys[j WVjR] RhPYn ?
AhPm kRu jWeL[pXm U\V, Fg tT
F ? WV . AuUm BlTV . Ds[ Ds[T
BlT AuU Iu\. jeLs Ru U\u\].
AuU Iu\V TtdLiPp jWeLu

1
T., 110. YN]mRm-1, Td. 121.
dLs V ? 281

Rt\jRp GU\ UhPn . jWeLs Ru]m


U\kRm IuRu . WV hf jWeLs
BlTRL IYu WlTTp , AuUd @VXL
DXLU Un F] @gO Wd\u. W BpXUp
TPeLdj R Bl BpXR Tu , LiTYu
BpXUp Lhm BpX F] @kRp U]UVdLjt
BPpX . Wm jWm ToYm AuUY F]
O @Yu . jWeL[ NmTkRlTPUp AuU
@qVdRULm ( LQlTPUm ) , jWeLu
NodLVp VdRULm Bd\ . AuUu
VdRVdR vLp ( LQlTm XX
LQlT\R XX ) O VR TRm
LiTpX .1
NU X Ut\m LQ NL_ NU hV XlT\
d @pX UN]m (RX , h ) F]lTY .
Yud Utm RL d , @RY \V
jdmTR dX hY, UWQUPkRu
d FnY FuTRLl TTjd YoLs. Am
BqWitm BPX] jVNm YVd
UhU Fum, OVl TjRYW DPXj Rj
DoYrYX U\p _PPXd Pj YX
jVNm Gm BpX Fu\ TLYu WUQo
[dLUjRo .
T]o FuTYo TLY]d LhPo: Yu ddm RL
ddm Fu] jVNm?
T L .: jVNm Gm PV . B jd
LhTod P BY: DPu DXm AuU OV
Yu dRo F]lT\o. DPp rk @Yo U\mT
RLd @PkhPRLd LRlT\o . A]p ,
Y-k LiToLdL BkR jVNm F\;
1
M.G., p. 61. ULo YnU, Td. 62-63.
282 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Od @pX. UjR u]m UlTRt u]m @YW
AuU XlThp Ut\m Gm BpX. OV UR
YX ] Ls\m ; @pX @kR Yp
BlTRLd L\m. A]p @YW FlTm AuU
UVU, IW NUVm Dsm \UL BkYm Iu\V]
UnmUV , @ Rt\jP] YYjP] Q
ThPRpX FuTR O DQo\o. TLYR WQjp I
XLm Y\ (@kR NUvR XLjRj Rp
FjWd\o): UiP UVdLjp Bdm I STo ,
R] UXe DPp Ds[R @pX S k
hPR Fu RVU-lTRlTu , Ru]l
Tojs[ DPp BlTR O Ntm DQoYpX .
Ru DPX Bd\U @pX DPp rk
UkhPR FuTp @YWl TjRYW FkR
YTm BpX .1
UngO] @pX d Xp YqY LhPeLs
PV. AuL RXp RWRWeLm BdLUhP.
ALVp, DPp Ds[T @Um dX R
DPXd PjVu Fgm d X FuTR]
UTLd BPpX . AuUY _ Su ,
AuUd @uVUnj R] DPX Y\U
BpX FuTR] O @Yu. @qY\] Odj
Ru RLju BlT UlT FqY jVNlTm?2
X NUVm UngO] XVj Vm Fm SuLm
X VLl TXo lYo . G]p , l , L] ,
Arp AV u XL[j RiV LPXVm
@ .

1
D.D., pp. 86, 87.
2
D.D., II. p. 110.
dLs V ? 283

Su (RYW_ R-Vo) Pjp ZkRT TLYu


X LsLd TWjd LikRo. Su WjR
Tp BRu: L] SWm Ld V, l XV
iP FuTRj RW BqWi XLdm Y
jVNm BpX . L] , S] BWiU U]ju
FfL[ . jdm X YSWm lTRp
@Y SU _U] X Fu LtT] Nn
Ls\m. A]m, DiUp, SuLY X Fu
X NUVm \lTm Vm FuTR SU _U] Bl.
@Y Ds[ Ds[T Bk YY. S]Y L]Y
X @R]l TdL. BYt\ u XLs Fu
TYL @VlTYRu LWQULY Vm FuT
SuLm XVLd Ls[lT\. YvRYjp VU
AuUu BVp XdL[m. @R] SuLY X
FumT @ GR RWRmVj RPo LiP
Fu\m. A]p U\L, Vm FuT Ut\ XLs
VYt\m LPk tT.1
DiU VRp, TkRm FuTR BpX!
RXV SU DiUV] TYm. Sm FlTU
RX Tt\YWL Bk LikR Tm , Sm
GR T kRjp diPYWLm , T kReL[ @j
@Ytum TP ( AuL SdL ) LVt
UtLs\m. A]p dVm RX hV \L
SUdj Rs[]j RVYm: @PP! Sm FlTU
Bk YkRm , BlT BlTU] Iu\
@PYRtLLY BLm odLjR]Un UpdLh
Vt Nn YkRm ?!, FuT Li @ AfNVl
TYm! I DRWQm Lh]p B RTm: BkRd
Pj Xp IjRo eLl Tn\o Fu
1
D.D., p. 79.
284 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Yjd LseLs . dLjp L] Li\o #
UX#U, L#S, NX#TX, LPp LPkR LiPeLs
FeLpXU DXLm Wm tl TVQm Nn\o. TX
AiLXm BqY WUlThd L VtPu
TVjRu S m\o . YiQUX Y\o .
Ank Jnk AfWUm YkRP\o . BdPjs
Z\o. @R LQm dLm LXk Li d\o.
ttm Tod\o . @P ! BkR BPjR h
@eXm SLWpX; FeL TjRU @eLV ed
Likd\ u ! Fu @\o . @Yo TX
WUeL[ UtLi DXLm t BkRd Pjt
YWpX . FlTm BeLV BkRo @pXY ?
BRTXjRu Su NpX YkR `Vm! @lTV]p
FlTm T XXV BkLikm
TkRl ThPYWLd LtT] Nn LsY G]? Fu
LhLXm . Su mTd LhTu : BkRd PjXV
BkLi, eLs Gu UXVm UYm Ri,
TXY]jRm LPXm LPk DXLm toLs ?
FpXU U]UVm @pX UV.1
uYm 13 TPpLm Ds[ StT TPp Rl-k
FdLlThPY (UL WUQo @qYlT BVtV X
RjYl TPpLs Iu WhPlTh, 1928#Am Ai StT
TPp YNVLj RdLlThP]. BYV Ds[ StT
Fu\ RXlPu I @mTm Xt. u]o BR]d
LqVLiP LQT Yo NUvR XLeL[L
UTVoj, ^j RoN]m Fu\ RXlTm @jRo.
@LiP RuUm Wj]f dLU] UnVl LhPm
IeL VY BY FuTRp [dLeLs
RYlTu\]. BYttl TXo FV VdV]eLs
YTPm Nnu\]. # X..W.

1
D.D., pp. 79,80.
dLs V ? 285
FlTVh Pq XjUo T
XlT[d LiYV RUm - UnlT
iUt\ iU] VokRe
VuRX
iUt LQ Qo.
TPp 8
[Ts : TVW DYU @t\ UnQoY #
FpXVt\ @kR UnlT[ # Sm @Vm
@PVm UtLsm Vtp @Rt
SUTeL[d Ltjd LP[o F] YTh Y\m.
Am, @R] Sm DiUp DQoY @TYjX,
@TYju Xm , @TYULYRu . @lTQop
SU tQo Ie Iu U\YR @kR DiUVd
LiTRm. TVm Dm LiP RYm, @Yu
YTm SUTm LiP LPm BWiP\d LXk
NpXQl TuTjp U\Rp Yim.]
BWhPLi lL [uUu Tt
lTY UqYu\ Ru - Ljh
LiPt LZUY LiPY WiU
LiPo LXeLW Li .
TPp 9.
[Ts: RuX, uX (Su, ) Fm BWhP
X , LiTYu , LQlTTs , LQp Fm mU
AV Vm Iu\V] UnlT[l Tt tTRu
LWQULY Rt\m Li Bk Yu\] .
BqiUVd Ljp Bj @kR Iu\V]
UnmUV @LLUn S]p BU mULs Vm
LZuTm. @mUnmUV DQokRYW UnVY[o.
@YoLd U]d LXdLm (HVeLs) Gm FZ.]
Ru]jRu LQ \XYu \]dLQ
XumTu iU Vu]Vu -
\u]jRu
LQXYu \]u\t LQYQ Rt\XYt
LQXY QRp Li .
TPp 21.
286 c WUQ ULu TuULs
[Ts: LiT]V Ru]d LQUp LP[d
LiT U]UVU] LhVd LiTRVm . FYm
LP[d LQV . LP[d LiPRL ]
WjRu m. Vu Fu\ ]l @V @k,
TWmT[m GLjU UhU TW]kRUn
XdmTR IYu LP[d LiPYu A\u.]
UdL RkRm Ud [
U] s[ UPdl - Tt
TjR Xul TV UVu
UjR XeMu U .
TPp 22.
[Ts : BRVjp R]L Im TuTju
RuUV BlTPp Y-j\ . Ud I Rk
Uds Io\ DsQo . UV Ds[ UPd
Ds[jp TdLUp BRVjR UVp @[lT FeM]m?
(V]d LQ L[d DRU?]
S] W]U]i Q[ SiQY
S] UYu\X SQ\ - S]]j
RuUu R]Lj RuS ]u Ts
u\U R]m Ts .
TPp 30.
[Ts: U]m Ds[ m Su Vo? F] ]V
YiQm BRVjR SeL, Su Fu\ FiQm (LtRm)
SQtj RXLrk U\\. DQo Iu UhU
Su, Su, R] Su F]j R]LY Rum. @qY
Su ALj Ru]m @ Vu Fu\ @LkR @u.
Su WQU]. @Y RtTs.]
Ru] VjRkR RuUV ]kRd
Lu] [Ru VtRtj - Ru]VX
RuV Uu UV WYoXU
u]Ru u] XYu .
TPp 31.
[Ts : Ru Fm @LkRV @jRu FkR
RuUVUm TW]kRjp XLsYod Y FR]
dLs V ? 287

@PVlT\j RY ? @u]o R]L Ds[ AuU


@TYjRj RW Y FU @VUhPo . @k
Xl Ttu RuU Fu]Yu Y FYo @UdL
m ? ]
@Vu \mU\L [ojPk Ru]
VYu Ru\ok W@ - RS
Yu\u \iQW uU] Xu
UYR ]VUoY Rp .
TPp 32.
[Ts: @ Fu NjWeLs ]p, DP]
F Su?, Su Vo? Fu\ LY]jPu RuU @LLUn
SPYiU RW, BkRj RLm S]pX; @kRl mUU
Su Fu Fid LidL Yim Fu
@ojRUpX . NjWeLs @ Fu Vu Lj,
DP] NRLu Su Vo ? Fu Ru] SPYim
FuTRtLLY @u Y\pX.]
Fu] VV] ]u] VkR]
]u] ]Ldd P] - Uu]
R]PV UdL RiP Yu\
V]YW iU Vp .
TPp 33.
[Ts : @LkRVm Su F] _ TjR
(AuU NTjR ) @VpXV Fu\ , BpX ,
Su AuUY @khPu Fu\ Y
SLldPU]. Su Fm @LkR Ut\ Su Fm
AuUYj RYRt IYs BWi Su L[
Ds[]o ? ALY, R]dj ]m @TYUm Su
Fu\ DQoYd LYdm Ru]hPjRV YW
IqYYm BPPUp Tt]p Tm (@LkR #
AuU Fu TTjd Li, I Su Bu]
S]j Rm BWhP DQodf NR]p BPkRWd
P FuTRtLLY BqY \lT\ .]
288 c WUQ ULu TuULs
Fu UYod VpT [T[
Vu [j QokX - uP
iu YYu \uWi Pu\u\
NiPPu UVf NZd .
TPp 34.
[ T s : Fum FYodm BVpTL Ds[
UnT[ Ds[jR DQok @Rp XLsYR
j , UnlTs Di Fu\ BpX Fu\ ,
@pX BlT Iu\ BWiP Fu\ ( @jYRm#
YRm ) , BU Fu\ ( YjU#TWUjU )
NiPY @VUVm UVu t .]
jRU sT[j RokjRp j\
jVXg NlT]Uo jL[ jWh
PokR XYUnV iUX u TnmU
okRo VeYW Ro .
TPp 35.

[Ts : jRjp FlTs[ UnlT[


S @Rp Iu m NfNUm TWUU]
dXV jV j Am . Ut\ jLs ( VL
NR]dV @hPU jLs Tu\Y Utm j
YXLs ) L]p LrYTu\ UVj Rt\eL[ .
UV jWum ltl TnmU ok
UnmUp U]m TlTYo BRW jL[d Li
U[ UhPo . ]
] R]Uu ]TVu nlTm
]RX Wu ]j - R]VVd
LojRj YmTnd LUu eLZ
jRU j X .
TPp 38.
[Ts : ]VtTYu Su Fu\ @LmTYm
BdmYWp ]lTV]m @Y] @dLYim
(LoU TXTXuLd DhTP Yim ). A]p , LoUm
TYu Vo? Fu @LL NWQp B\e AuU
O]m hVPu ]VtTYu @Lm#TYm LZu
dLs V ? 289

mT u LoUeLm tlTm. @Y jV
d X.]
TjR] ]uUhP TkRj kR]Ls
TjR] WuRu]l TodeLt jRUn
jRjRu \tL tLRt TkRkR
jkR ut U .
TPp 39.
[Ts: IYo Rm TkRlThPYWL (LPUL[m,
oY_uU LoU TXuL[m LhiPYWL) Fidm
YWp, TkRm , d TtV FiQeLs RPou\] .
TkRlThPYo Vo ? Fu Rus ] NWQp
B\e]p T kReLs Vm @k AuU DQo
h\ . @qY jV dR]nf NUmT ,
dVl TtV FiQeLs Uhm @u]ou
tU ? ( @LkR @Lu\ , T kReLs @kR
RuUVUhP Xp T kR UhNeLu Tnj
RuU X]m.]
DY UY YY u\
j Vu WlT - Y
UY YY U ULkR
YRu j Qo .
TPp 40.
[Ts : d u YLlTm Fu\oLs #
\V DYjPu (DPp jdLp), DYUt\
( DPp U\dlu ) , IW NUVm DYjRm
DYpXUm Bdm XLp @PVlTm d
Fu DWdu\]o. Su Np\u: Bm up FqYL
d DiUV] Fu ]m @LkR @YR
DiUV] d ( d Xp YT Lm
]lT I TkRUn m . Rp ] YYU]
@LkR DYRX d.]
@TkRm

TLYu c WUQ ULu


YrdLd lLs:

1879 ^mTo 29#30 SsW LkR SWjp (UoL URm


]olN ShNjWm ) u]hLp WUQ UL F]
YVLUem @VlTm YeLPWUu , UWd
@s[ f Fu\ tp \l. RkR @qp
Ydp Rp k YkR kRWm HVo . RVo TVo
@ZLmUs (@iQu SLvY BWi YV jRYu.
Rm SLkRWm AYV B[VYu . @Ruu
\kRYs ReL @XU).

1892 RkR o UWQm . YeLPWU]m , RUVu


SLNVm @YoL[ t\lTY] lTVo UWd
@Zjl TnhPo. YeLPWUu Tl UWp
vLh BPXl Tsm @Ruu @UdLu
`u DVoXl Tsm. Tlp Uo.

1896 _X UR Sp V RkRu h Up Rj
DhLokkR T] YV TXLu YeLPWUd
UWQ @TYm Lr. [ULu Yrp ULjR]
lTjR GtTjV @kR @TY [dLjR
uW p (TdLeLs VIII-X) LiL.] @jR UR
Bp (1896 ALvh 29 tTL-p) VPm \Up
hP h YV W-p YiQUXdl
TVQm .

NlPmTo RpR NqYnZU LX


YiQXd W-p Yk\eV YeLPWUu ,
@QNXfYWo dLd Wk LY\
k c @QNXfYW -eLju u Ru] U\kR
A]kR TWYNjp Ru]kRV u\u. u]o @jR
@TkRm 291

SuLk UR LXm @dL-u AWeLp UiPTm,


TR[ -eL LV\ , YLeLj RPLjRVjR
BlT UWjR AV TLp DPXLeL[ U\kR
NU Xp tl.

1897 YiQUXVf NokR rSho WUjRVhV


ojRm F]lTm NUd Lp UiPTjp YNm.
@RVjkR I UkRlm Iu\W Ai LXm
NU X . u]o @QSRo ( @QNXSRo )
t\XVjp. hNiVLj YiQUX Lp
BWkiQp .

1898 NlPmTp @QNXUX Zdf Nj RPod


u\] TY[d us[ L-p BlPm.

1899 lWY URm RtLi @iQUXu RuZdf


Ns[ ThN L YNm . S YYu
]dLd FjXm PVdLj RPe]o
U[] B[k\. u]o Us[ Us[ NL_ Xdj
m]o .

1902 A TdRoLs IYW] YlWLNm s[ FuTYo


]V T]u LsLd B[m Y Fj
Xm PVjRp . ( TX AiLdl u]o
ULVp jRUn @UdLlTt , Su Vo ?
Fum XL YPlThP @qYNLeL[
ULu RjYojRd LXUL [e\.)

1907 B[k\V SYkR @Os dVU]Yo


YPUl XYm LOU] LqVLiP LQT
Nv. BkR Ai ThN Ldf Nu B[m
YV RU NtYn Gt @Yd TLYu c
WUQ UL Fu\ SUm hl TtVYm BYW.

1916 ThN Lum @Lu , @Rt Up


@iQUXf Np RUdL] @uToL[p
FlTlThP vLkRfWUjt BPm U]o . A
AiLs @eLV Re @s T-j YkRo. BkR
Aip Yk NokR RVo @ZLmU[m AfWUd
mTjp IYWL Gt\o.
292 c WUQ ULu TuULs
1922 U URm 19#Am R @u] @ZLmUu UWQj
RYp c TLYu R] dLWjRp @Yd d
@jRo. @mUVu DPp @QNX UXVYWjp
T- ojRd [jtm RhQoj UiPTjtm
BPV RuLp NU NndLlThP .
L-k YjR Jo -eLm @eL WxP
NnVlThP .

c WUQ UL BqYi ^mTo Sp , Ru


NUV @j BlT BXm c WUQfWU
vRXjt Yk WkRWUnj Re]o.

1939 @u]u NU Jo AXVm Flm T 1939#Bp


YeLlTt 1949# Bp ojVPkR. UjRfYWo
( @u]Vh LPs ) Fu\ B\ YT @e
\VL SsRm SPTt Y\ . LX
P , c TLYPu TdRoLs DhLYRtL] Nt\
NXU] dPm u]o LhPlThP (1949).

1949 lWY ULu BP _jp I tSnd Lh


\lTh UX TWV . \o YtjR-u Tp
@jRjl TX @Y fNLd DPuThPo.

1950 _]Y 5#Am R c TLYu _Vk. @YW @kR


FTRY \kR S[Vh UdLs Ws W[L YkR
YiQkR]o . @Y @YW LP \kR ]m
FuTR TmTXo DQok VWYn YQe]o.

GlWp 14 (1950) YsdZU BW 8.47# d YNm


u\. TLYu WUQo RLVLU]o.

@R RQm I TV FShNjW _ RtL Ru,


Y]Yp Us[ Us[ YPdL SLok
@iQUX Dfu u\m U\YR UdLs
LiP]o. Nu] SLm Y TX BPeLm @R
LhVd LYjR TXo @ FR] @d\ FuTR
@Uj U]m LXe]o.
@TkRm 293

1967 UjRfYWo LXVj ULu NU


Jo NXU] V]d Pm Lh dLl Tt\.

1979 WUQ t\i Z]Vh DYdLlThP


ULu AVW YiLXf X , NU U]
UiPTjp 12#05#1980 @u @kSs TWRl WRUo
BkW Lk @YoL[p \k YdLlThP .
BqU]m V]d Pm , TWkR Im Ltm
FU Fm Wm u , @js[ @u]u
AXVjp LPldLlTm dLX] NmWRVjt
So FoU\Vn # TYVn , Nk vRXUn #
o\ .

c WUQfWUjt YYo TXo c WUQ UL


YLXm Yj , @YW R DPm @PdLU] Bj
RXjp Bum @Uu At\X DQou\]o .
ULu TVW UhU LslTh @pX Ll
TPeL[l Toj CodLlThP TXeP @u]oRm
Nuf \lT DQok Un-odu\]o . @YW
U]LUL @iYo @]Ydm @YW YLhPp
Fu\um Di . @YW @TYodj RPok
@TVm @j Y\o.

@YW SYo @]Ydm @Yo BeL Ds[o.

X. . WeLW_u

You might also like