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Joint Commissioner Commercial Taxes
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Prohibition & Excise
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K.Ramalingam, M.Com.,B.L.,MBA.,I.A.S.,(Retd)

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- hLs

TdYjRd LdLLdLi TodL Yim.2.


]h ThPQUm UW VlTp

- EPp

LVokR jRWXm Nok YZd


L]h Nndm UWeLs rkR

- Su
- \kR
- Shp

Lhd[m TVoXdLl \k YkRn


Y]h Nnu\RYo Tt\
UVil TVoRe YYm LiPn

- VYodm

R]h NnRZp TP YjRn

- AZd
- UVu
- LiLs

YdZ CdLYWm LdL Yim.

3.

dLWeLs CWi]m h Yjj

- Um

lTR UXoRhd Lh u\n


AhTRm AYu\LVm Gu\

- CNm
- AkRd
- CNdm

ALdlT AVUp Rj hPm


Y[ YVm Gu LiPm
Ljp Lu AZLd LiPm

- AUp

TeLQd LiQp [j u\m

- A[Xd
- APm
- UdLs

\YR TYrdL LdL Yim.

4.

RVj RkRUnj Re u\n


RWVokR Yrdj QVn u\n

- UXVn

YVWd Lg]d jj RkR

- UVi
- TLV
- EVokR

Y[U]V AWiU]Vn Ut YlTn


VYodj QV ]j RlTf
hdLp AR]X Rhj olTn

- BoYj

UVi NtY YQe u\m

!%

UXWdr CPmRk LdL Yim.

5.

UVi YLs ojR]

CkRR] CkRT Ck Lhm

CNlTPp - N.N..kRWm

GmTUu AsV C\e YkRn


kRUWj RX LiP Lh

TpX

PpUXl T\X LQ YjRn

UVi N - As - UVi N

TWeu\l TU]l Tojd Li

UXVp LpLi U]Ldm N

TZVlTu dLp Ls[f NnRn

( UVi )

YWeLdm UVi Y GeLs

ATpX

U]VpXm EuLp BdL Yim. 6.

RV YkRSUj Reu\N
NjVju YYj RVokR N

YVpXm EuTVW UQdL Yim

( UVi )

YjQVn Gum YRp Yim

NWQeLs

VU]m EuLp BL Yim

LQd LQd LiLds LhRm N

Npds Ck NpX Yim

LhPrj jRm Lhd[m N

RV EuUp eL Yim

T u\hp Yk Tu\N

RsUXp RXYjj eL Yim

TR SgNd Lp LRt\N

UVi NtY YQe u\m


U]dLRYm Rs\dL YYn AlT.

( UVi )

7.
IeLW]o UdLd Lim N

YiQm Yu Lp LhRt

BLm JLUn AYRjR N


TeYm LQPu u]Ldm N

UoShp UiRi YVUjRn

u\UQm u\N

UiUhp YeLhm LQ GeLs


U]Uhp YeLhP UdL XU?

( UVi )

LiToY ThPX T UV

jdLp ChPT Ldm N

LXp TuTm Li YrYm

LUdLs mPY SYm N

GiQV U]dLp Lh YjRm


GkR[j RUjRp Gu] NnYm.

jRd Udm js[ N

8.

kR]Vf NVXdL YkRm N


( UVi )

RnRs hPm im AkRj


LiPPd LiPPd PYm N

RnUp u\s[ B]m

PYm AuTpXm RYm N

BWUnl TjRm SgNj ts

LiLiPp LVm Lhu\N

AUu EuTRm APV YkRm

LXPm LlTtm LQs[ N

TnY Gu\m TLUhPm

( UVi )

TdPU CpXUp Xmu\m


UVi SRu TRm Ju\
YVu Yrj\m YZ YlTn.

RV AVYWj Reu\N
9.

NtYn ETRNm RkRm N


KVUp AuTdL ERNnm N
Ku\LYi tLYdm N

u][ GpXm ]dL Yi


C\el LYi tL YjRn

( UVi )

UuLr Eu]p YQe u\m

C[lTo jRp TsLsm N

U]m Km KhPjR jR Yim

GmSgNd LQ]p

Au]dl s[V UV? EkRu

Ls[Lsm N

Add Lld LjkRm

t\EPmTpXm Rdu\N

Cu]Rl Thf YjRd Lh


GeLdm YrRW GYn AlT.

dPp UXVp du\N


10.

( UVi )

!&

GkS[?

UVi YLs Yrj

- N.N..kRWm

- RYj. Y NoY

RVj RkRUnj Re tm NtYm


UVi NTRm YrjtT RkS[?

oLiP NkRrl TiY[ ShX

1.

Nod Lh[j

jdLhd Ldm LXjRf


jRjs Yjf YURp GkS[?

2.

RuT \dLAs C\UR YYUnj

Lh[m N LUXj TRm


GhPVm hp GkR[p GkS[?

U\k Ejl
3.

ToLiP UjYo hdLp UVil

hdLp WUeL N AhYnl


Thds Yk TRmLlT RkS[?

ToEp Ke YVm

4.

Tt\T\m G]d Pp T\mp

XPu UVi NYdr CuTPu


LXu SeLd LjlT RkS[?

TWNVm [jRu

5.

HoLiP BiW UR LuT

BPp VYkR BiPY]m UVi


Pp UXp lT RkS[?

]u\m R UkRu

6.

GpYW U NxSu LmTRm

CVRr Tm CNU VlTPm


A LhPu AsTY RkS[?

7.

Ht\Su ]u Y[

Uip C[lT Ys[p U]m Ttd


Lio TLd LXklT RkS[?

oLiP jRV Ljp LhPp


8.

YUVmB UrYnj

RhPCPm AjR]m Nu]U AjR]m


Lh[m UVi LhRWp GkS[?

U hPLi PLW UYef

9.

NokR]u EmTo EXL.

Gus CkR G]dQojm Ntu


Tu]dr CuTPu TlT RkS[? 10.

UXVp
Lhd[m As UVi YLs Lp

RdLSY Wjp NhP LZthP


TdYjRl Ttl TXuTY RkS[?

11.

LV] SgNd Ljd LlTt\


UVi N U]mYlT RkS[?

12.

StX Yi Sgp TeLQ


Yt\R UVi YkRsY RkS[?

13.

BNd LPp ALlThP SgNju


TNj R[VLtm ToYT\p GkS[?

14.

NpXlT NVs PoGu SgNUm


LpXl Nk LVdLp GkS[?

15.

\j dLXf NU]j sk
\l dm TT\p GkS[?

16.

RYd L]Xn YsNm NkR]k RoTtm


Yd L]Xm Ydrf kRYjRp GkS[? 17.
Yodm UX] oj AsTtl
TYjRf hPdm ToYT\p GkS[?

18.

Pp UXp Ldm UVi


[eL Wk YWp GkS[?

19.

Bm U]UPe IVu YVj


Rm RYYrdL jlT RkS[?

20.

!'

YrjW

Lhd[m
As UVi YLs
kR LX]

CkXVo 1996p - C[eLXl


ThPm,1998p- LXl ThPm, 1999p - BnVp
\Oo ThPm BVYt\ Pd TUh
Lpm, 2001 - LpVp C[Vo ThPjR
VLWNo LpVp Lpm, 2004 CRVp Utm UdLs RLYp RPoVp
LXl ThPjR UW LUWNo TpLXd
LZLjm, 2007p - ]Yo ThPjR TWRNu
TpLXd LZLjm Tts[o.
Lpp Tdm TR Tf,
LhW, LR, SPLm Tu\ ThLp LXk
Li TLs TX Tts[o. Lpl
ThUu\eLp TeLts[o. UW Y]
XVjp C[VTWRm Lrfp CYPV
LRLs JTWlTThs[]. TX LjRWeLp
Bnd LhWLs Yjs[o.

Q tThVp

CW. NpXm s[
cLhd[m YLs Gum
hdLp UVi YLs.
(Rt Tl-1931)
TW. CW.LRiPT
Lhd[m hdLp
As UVi YLs
Ah YWXm
BuLl TLm.
RtTl-2000
N.AuSRu Lhd[m UVi YLs
dLp Ko Bn.
Gm.@p ThPjtL] BnY
2002-2003.
TW.N.N..kRWm
Lhd[m hdLp
UVi YLs
(YWXm, TUm)
Rp Tl - 2004.
u\d TVTUs,
NUlT jRo.
Km Nd UR CRr
X -1990.
LXUU f. 4.RU]Yu
dLhP RhQojs[
YrdL YWX. X - 1989
A\XVj\
As Ls[ZLo dLp
(AZLo Lp YWX) 1994.
W. YeLPN NR]f LWm Nj
NkR]kR YLs (LhW)
Km cvLkRvWUm,
Zdj RmTWm.
BuLf \l UXo 2002.
TgNSRm s[
UW As
]h kRWvYWo dLp
RXYWX- 1959.
A\XVj\
lTWeu\m RXYWX.

CWiPiLs SUdLp ULo


Lpp WV[WLl TVts[o.
CYo Ru LPu RrlT NnYR Gum
LsLV NVpTh Y\o. CYo Rrj
Ri \dL Yrj\m.
CYo \kR \p dPp
UXp Es[ A]j CPeL[m Sp
ToYh Bn Nn As Lhd[m
hdLp UVi YLu YrdL
YWXt\m, AYW As Ril
TL[m Gs[o.
dPp UXs[ TpY
\lPeL[m ZtTPeL[ Lm
RYLm, A]Ym GV \p Ak
LsYRt Ht\ YLm p YYd
Es[o. As hdLp UVi
YLu A[p AYoRm T \dL
CWUeL XNm A\eLYXo Nop
Yrj\m.

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