Progress Report

Phenomenological study of fermion masses and mixings and physics beyond

standard model

1 TM1 and TM2 mixings as perturbation to Tri-Bimaximal

mixing
One of the main unsolved mystery of standard model (SM) is the origin of neutrino masses
(m1 , m2 , m3 ). While reconstructing the neutrino mass matrix from the current experimen-
tal neutrino data, we get many possible structures. The non-zero measurement of 13 [1]
ruled out many such structure. One such example is the neutrino mass matrix (MT BM )
corresponding to the Tri-Bimaximal (TBM) mixing [2]. However it can be made compatible
with the experiments by adding perturbations that break the underlying symmetry of TBM
mixing. These perturbations need not break this symmetry completely. However, we can
still preserve the first or second column of the TBM mixing matrix.
We began by perturbing the mass matrix (MT BM ) to make it compatible with the
current experimental data. We achieved this by adding an extra complex term (M) in such
a way that either first or second column of the TBM mass matrix remains unchanged. The
resulting mixing schemes are called Trimaximal Mixing[3] schemes of first and second kind
(TM1 and TM2 ) [36].In the beginning, we considered only those real TBM mass matrices
for which smallest eigen value was zero. The forms for M were chosen the basis of simplicity
of the textures.
We did a Monte Carlo analysis to constrained the parameters of our textures (a, b, z, )
and obtained the predictions on the CP violating phase and atmospheric mixing angle 23 .
This work was presented at an international conference titled Electroweak Interactions
of Leptons and Hadrons at Aligarh Muslim University on November 5, 2016.
See Enclosures [I-II] for reference

2 Partial Breaking of TBM mixing

Neutrino mass matrix contains important information regarding the underlying symmetries.
These symmetries play an important role in the phenomenological behavior of neutrinos. But
as recent neutrino oscillation experiments uncover the unknown neutrino parameter space,
many such structures were ruled out. One of such experiment reported the measurment of a
non-vanishing reactor angle. this measurement ruled out many neutrino mass models that
were based on flavor symmetries which predicted a vanishing reactor angle. Mass models
that predicted Tri-Bimaximal (TBM) mixing at leading order were ruled out unless there
were appropriate corrections that can bring the three mixing angles to their experimental
ranges from their TBM values.

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 We started with a mass matrix corresponding to the TBM mixing matrix at the leading
order. Then we perturbed this mass matrix by adding perturbations which keep either the
first or second column of the neutrino mixing matrix invariant. We studied the following
two such textures In the present work, we take the following textures for M0 and Mi :

a a a 0 1
4 14 0 0
MT BM = a a + b a b , M1 = 14 z 21 , M2 = 0 0 ,
a ab a+b 14 21 0 0 0
(1)

where, b and c are real variables while = ze . We calculate the diagonalized matrix for
Mi (i = 1, 2) as
Midiag = UiT Mi Ui . (2)
From this diagonalized mass matrix the allowed ranges for the parameters of our textures
can be found. See Fig. 1 in Enclosure [III] for details. These textures also predicted
that the atmospheric mixing angle is within the current experimental. For more details see
Enclosure [III] range. Further, the correlation between atmospheric mixing angle and CP
violating phase will be testable by future neutrino oscillation experiments.
I presented the preliminary work in a talk, given at XXVII DAE-BRNS High Energy
Physics Symposium held at the Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of
Delhi from December 12 - 16, 2016. Enclosure [IV]
Proceeding of this talk will be published in a peer reviewed journal. Manuscript for the
proceedings have already been submitted. For reference I have attached the copy of this
manuscript in Enclosure [III].

3 Simple variants of TBM mixing

In the above work, we obtained a correlation between atmospheric mixing angle and CP
violating phase. But we did not performed the complete analysis. For example, we did
not gave our predictions of neutrino Majorana phases. now we have already studied these
predictions. The resulting correlation plots have been depicted in Fig. 1 for reference.
These textures also have verifiable predictions for the future experiments which will
measure neutrino masses from beta decay and neutrino less double beta decays.
The calculations of this work has already been done and manuscript is under prep-ration.
It will shortly be communicated for publication.

4 Minimal Modifications to Tri-Bimaximal mixing

In our all the previous studies, we have proposed some simple textures of neutrino mass
matrices which explains the current experimental data and also gave predictions on atmo-
spheric mixing angle and CP violating phases along with cosmological neutrino mass and
quantities measured in various future experiments. In order to obtain all possible textures
of patterns, we expressed the mass matrices corresponding to TMi (i = 1, 2) mixing as

MT Mi = MT BM + MT Mi , (3)

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 Figure 1: Correlations of and with for TM1 and TM2 .

where, MT BM is given by

a b b
MT BM = b d a + b d . (4)
b a+bd d

here, MT Mi breaks the exchange symmetry while preserving the corresponding TMi
symmetry. Our aim is to get the textures that can explain all the neutrino data with a
minimal set of parameters. We do this my assuming the vanishing lowest eigen value for
MT BM . We also assume MT BM to be real. We get four possible textures for TM1 and four
for TM2 . If we allowed inverted hierarchy as well, we will get eight more such textures.
Calculations for the eight textures corresponding to normal hierarchy have been finished.
Work on the other eight cases corresponding to inverted hierarchy is in process. Almost three
fourth of manuscript has been finalized. A copy of manuscript is attached in Enclosure [V]
for reference.

5 Experimental verification of TM1 and TM2 mixing patterns

Just like the neutrino experiments have tested the symmetry by measuring a non zero
13 , we must test the TM1 and TM2 mixings by measuring 23 and . These mixing schemes
have unique predictions for cosmic neutrinos. The neutrino telescopes that detect these ultra
high energy neutrinos will provide an interesting opportunity to test these mixing schemes.
If these mixing schemes are confirmed experimentally, it will be a great advancement towards
the discovery of the underlying flavor symmetry unknown to standard model. However, if
these flavor symmetries are ruled out, the hope for unraveling the underlying flavor symmetry
in the lepton sector will get diminished.
In one of my work under progress, I investigated the experimental validity of these mixing
schemes by confronting them with latest T2K [1] and NOVA [7, 8] experiments. Some of
the calculations for this study are already done and the manuscript is at writing stage. See
Enclosure [VI] for reference.

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6 Enclosed Documents
1. Enclosure I = Copy of the poster presented at EIHL.

2. Enclosure II = Participation certificates copy for EIHL.

3. Enclosure III = Copy of proceedings manuscript submitted for publication.

4. Enclosure IV = Copy of the participation certificate for DAE-BRNS.

5. Enclosure V = Copy of the manuscript Minimal Modifications to the neutrino mass

matrix with Tri-Bimaximal mixing.

6. Enclosure VI = Copy of the manuscript Experimental verification of TM1 and TM2

mixing patterns.

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