, . LVIII, 2010. Collection of the Papers, vol.

LVIII, 2010

711.4(497.11)"1867/1972"
Original scientific article

1867-1972:

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Abstract: The paper represents probably the most dramatic, and certainly the most
turbulent period of Belgrades urban development-since the making of modern Serbian
capital after four centuries long Ottoman occupation with 20.000 inhabitants in 1867
until the contemporary Belgrade with 1.6 million inhabitants. Its urban development is
characterized by two opposite tendencies: continuous growth in this period followed by
constant expansion of urban fabric, on one side, and discontinuity of planning para-
digms which was the result of relatively frequent change of social, ideological, politi-
cal, economical context and quite a few wars, on the other. Generally, the paper
presents more than a century from 1867 until 1972 divided into four periods of
Belgrades planned development placed in a certain historical, sociological and politi-
cal context. After the final period presented crisis occurred which is since then until
present days continuously labeling the Belgrades planning and its development.

Key words: town planning, ideology, history, master plans, Belgrade.

153
 1867-1972.

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154
 Ideology and practice of wn planning of Belgrade

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155
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156
 Ideology and practice of wn planning of Belgrade

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157
 1867-1972.

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par excellence.

1.
1867. (: Maksimovi, 1967).
Figure 1 Reconstruction plan of town in moat, author Emilijan Josimovi, 1867.

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(, 1867), -

158
 Ideology and practice of wn planning of Belgrade

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159
 1867-1972.

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160
 Ideology and practice of wn planning of Belgrade

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(Dubovy, 1929).

161
 1867-1972.

2. 1923.
(: , 2007).
Figure 2 General Plan for the town of Belgrade, author Djordje Kovaljevski, 1923.

Dubovy , 1924.
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162
 Ideology and practice of wn planning of Belgrade

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163
 1867-1972.

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164
 Ideology and practice of wn planning of Belgrade

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165
 1867-1972.

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(Perovi i Manevi, 1982).

3. 1950.
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Figure 3 The 1950 General Plan, author Milo Somborski

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(, 2007).

166
 Ideology and practice of wn planning of Belgrade

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167
 1867-1972.

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168
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169
 1867-1972.

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170
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171
 1867-1972.

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, 1981. .

4. 1972.
(: , 1972).
Figure 4 General Plan of Belgrade from 1972, authors Aleksandar Djordjevi and
Milutin Glaviki.

, . (1986). : .
, 10-11, 234.
, . (2007). : . :
, ,
.
, . (1948). . a
, . 7.
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1166-1171.
172
 Ideology and practice of wn planning of Belgrade

, . . (1907). . , 22.
, . (1987). -
.
1/3000. : -a.
, . . (1902). . , 21.
, . (1968). . -
, 15.
, . (1978). . -
1914. . , 121 (23), 196.
, . (1932).
. , 1, 8-16.
, . (1937). :
, ? -
, 10-12, 253.
, . . (1908). .
, 47.
, . (1930). . .
Dubovy, J. (1929). Regulace Belehradu. Stavba, 12, 180.
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173
 1867-1972.

Dejan orevi
Tijana Dabovi

IDEOLOGY AND PRACTICE OF WN PLANNING

OF BELGRADE 1867-1972: THE RISE

Summary

Urban planning evolves over time and transpires as ideas, concepts, methods and prac-
tices. It is manifested through planning processes, documents (plans), resultant built
environments and activities and experiences within them. It responds and adjusts to
specific contexts and circumstances political, social and economic. Taken together,
the context-specific planning practices and approaches constitute a planning doctrine or
a model. In this paper we present a case study of the city of Belgrade (Beograd), the
capital of Serbia, to illustrate the shifts in planning doctrines and their corresponding
urban development. We compare the various doctrines with respect to their spatial im-
prints (i.e., extent and pattern of development) and their capacity to implement ideas
and visions proposed in the key planning documents during almost one hundred years,
between 1867 and 1972. The period from the mid 19th to the end of the 20th century is
probably the most dramatic and certainly the most dynamic time in the urban develop-
ment of Belgrade. It starts in 1867 after five centuries of Ottoman rule with transforma-
tion of a provincial centre of population of 20 000 to a modern capital of Serbia. From
then on, Belgrade is all about continuous growth, however, under shifting and disac-
corded planning doctrines. The foundation of the modern capital based on the 1867
Regulation Plan was followed by the early 20th centurys moderate growth and invest-
ments in infrastructural improvements and key public building and spaces; the period
between the First and the Second World War saw post-war rebuilding in the context of
the established Kingdom of Yugoslavia and major new developments guided by an
engineering/regulative doctrinal mindset imbedded in the 1924 Plan and 1931 Building
Law; another re-building works followed the Second World War along with a shift to
socialist planning and cities (Novi Beograd/New Belgrade) founded on collective goals
and the 1950 General Plan; 1970s and 1980s were the golden years of Belgrades
urbanism and integral planning proliferating with comprehensive strategies and bold
visions, many of which included in the 1972 General Plan, and driven by unprecedent-
ed growth under able municipal leadership and with substantial financing; in contrast,
the last decade of the 20th century was characterized by ad hoc urbanism formalized
through detailed planning, absence of strategic vision, illegal construction, land specu-
lations by local tycoons, and general decay of infrastructure and housing stock. Bel-
grade grew under different doctrines, but ultimately, under an assumption that spatial
resources are ample. In this paper we will try to tackle the key questions of city spatial
development through qualitative reasoning about the relationship between doctrinal
influences and planning and development practice and through quantitative and visual
evidence about the extent and pattern of the citys growth.

174