Dng in kch t

Dng in kch t
Bi:
L Vn Tm

H thng thit b to ra dng in mt chiu ny gi chung l h thng kch thch my

pht Dng in kch thch my pht, ngoi vic to t trng cho R to, cn c th dng
iu chnh in p my pht. Ngoi ra, dng in ny cn iu chnh cng sut v
cng ca my pht khi my pht ni vo li.

c th thay i tr s ca dng in kch thch nhm p ng c cc yu cu trn,

cn phi c mt b phn iu khin. H thng mch in iu khin dng in kch
thch gi l h thng iu khin in p, hay cn gi tt l b iu p

Nguyn l ca h thng kch thch

Cc nguyn l ca h thng kch thch my pht c lit k di y, ty thuc vo

ngun cp in dng quay hay tnh, th loi chnh lu, v nguyn l iu khin.

H thng my kch thch mt chiu

H thng my kch thch mt chiu

y l h thng kch thch s dng my pht in mt chiu.

Dng in kch t c iu khin bng cch thay i in p ra ca my kch thch mt

chiu.

My in mt chiu ny c ko trc tip cng trc vi h thng Tua bin my pht

hoc qua b gim tc i vi cc my c dung lng nh v trung bnh.

i vi cc my ln hn, s c ko bng mt ng c ring bit.

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Dng in kch t

H thng kch thch xoay chiu

H thng kch thch xoay chiu (AC)

y mun ni n mch kch thch kt hp gia mt my pht ng b v h thng

chnh lu.

My pht ng b dng kch thch gi l my kch thch xoay chiu, bao gm mt

my pht in ng b c phn cm l phn tnh, phn ng l phn quay, kt hp vi b
chnh lu quay lp t ngay trn trc.

Do , dng in kch thch s i trc tip t phn ng ca my kch t, qua b chnh

lu, vo thng Rotor, m khng qua bt k mi tip xc ca vng nhn in vi chi
than no.

Do , h thng ny thng c gi l h thng kch thch khng chi than.

H thng kch thch tnh

H thng ny ni n loi my kch thch c s dng phi hp bin p kch thch v b

chnh lu.

i vi loi my kch thch c s dng Thyristor cho mch chnh lu gi l h thng

kch thch thyristor.

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Dng in kch t

H thng thch tnh

B iu chnh in p t ng

B iu chnh in p t ng c cc nhim v sau:

iu chnh in p my pht in.

Gii hn t s in p / tn s.
iu chnh cng sut v cng my pht in.
B tr in p suy gim trn ng dy.
To suy gim in p theo cng sut v cng, cn bng s phn phi
cng sut v cng gia cc my vi nhau trong h thng khi my vn hnh ni
li.
Khng ch dng in khng do thiu kch thch, nhm to s n nh cho h
thng, khi my ni li.
Cng hnh kch thch khi c s c trn li

iu chnh in p ca my pht in

B iu chnh in th t ng lun lun theo di in p u ra ca my pht in, v

so snh n vi mt in p tham chiu. N phi a ra nhng mnh lnh tng gim
dng in kch thch sao cho sai s gia in p o c v in p tham chiu l nh
nht.

Mun thay i in p ca my pht in, ngi ta ch cn thay i in p tham chiu

ny.

Gii hn t s in p / tn s

Khi khi ng mt t my, lc tc quay ca Rotor cn thp, tn s pht ra s thp.

Khi , b iu chnh in p t ng s c khuynh hng tng dng kch thch ln sao
cho in p u ra. iu ny dn n qu kch thch: cun dy rotor s b qu nhit,
cc thit b ni vo u cc my pht nh bin th chnh, my bin p t dng... s b
qu kch thch, bo ha t, v qu nhit.

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Dng in kch t

B iu chnh in p t ng cng phi lun theo di t s ny iu chnh dng kch

thch cho ph hp, mc d in p my pht cha t n in p tham chiu.

iu khin cng sut v cng ca my pht in

Khi my pht cha pht in vo li, vic thay i dng in kch t ch thay i in
p u cc my pht. Quan h gia in p my pht i vi dng in kch t c
biu din bng 1 ng cong, gi l c tuyn khng ti.

Tuy nhin khi my pht in c ni vo mt li c cng sut rt ln so vi my

pht, vic tng gim dng kch thch hu nh khng lm thay i in p li. Tc dng
ca b iu p khi khng cn l iu khin in p my pht na, m l iu khin
dng cng sut phn khng (cn gi l cng sut v cng, cng sut o) ca my pht.

Khi dng kch thch tng, cng sut v cng tng. Khi dng kch thch gim, cng sut
v cng gim. Dng kch thch gim n mt mc no , cng sut v cng ca
my s gim xung 0, v s tng li theo chiu ngc li (chiu m), nu dng kch
thch tip tc gim thm.

iu ny dn n nu h thng iu khin in p ca my pht qu nhy, c th dn

n s thay i rt ln cng sut v cng ca my pht khi in p li dao ng.

Do , b iu khin in p t ng, ngoi vic theo di v iu khin in p, cn

phi theo di v iu khin dng in v cng. Thc cht ca vic iu khin ny l
iu khin dng kch thch khi cng sut v cng v in p li c s thay i, sao cho
mi lin h gia in p my pht, in p li v cng sut v cng phi l mi lin h
hp l.

B tr in p suy gim trn ng dy

Khi my pht in vn hnh c lp, hoc ni vo li bng 1 tr khng ln. Khi tng
ti, s gy ra st p trn ng dy. St p ny lm cho in p ti h tiu th b gim
theo tng ti, lm gim cht lng in nng.

Mun gim bt tc hi ny ca h thng, b iu p phi d on c kh nng st

gim ca ng dy, v to ra in p b tr cho st gim . Tc ng b ny gip
cho in p ti mt im no , gia my pht v h tiu th s c n nh theo
ti. in p ti h tiu th s gim i cht so vi ti, trong khi in p ti u cc my
pht s tng i cht so vi ti. c c tc ng ny, ngi ta a thm 1 tn hiu
dng in vo trong mch o lng. Dng in ca 1 pha (thng l pha B) t th cp
ca bin dng o lng s c chy qua mt mch in R v L, to ra cc st p tng
ng vi st p trn R v L ca ng dy t my pht n im m ta mun gi n nh
in p.

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Dng in kch t

in p ny c cng thm vo (hoc tr bt i) vi in p u cc my pht o

lng c. B iu p t ng s cn c vo in p tng hp ny m iu chnh dng
kch t, sao cho in p tng hp ni trn l khng i. Nu cc cc tnh ca bin dng
o lng v bin in p o lng c ni sao cho chng tr bt ln nhau, ta s c:

Ump Imp (r + jx) = const.

Nh vy chiu u ni ny lm cho in p my pht s tng nh khi tng ti. tng

tng i c tnh trn t s gia tng phn trm ca in p my pht khi dng
in tng t 0 n dng nh mc.

Khi dng in my pht =0, th in p my pht l 100%. Khi dng in my pht =

dng nh mc, in p my pht l 104% in p nh mc.

Vy tng tng i l + 4%. tng ny cn gi l b (compensation). b

ca b iu p cng cao, th im n nh in p cng xa my pht v cng gn ti hn.

Phn phi hp l cng sut v cng gia cc my

y chnh l B tr in p suy gim trn ng dy'Ch m', tuy nhin c b m v

b dng. Vic b ny da trn nguyn l cn bng in p ti nt h thng in !

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