Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HyperMesh 5.0 Tutorials PDF
HyperMesh 5.0 Tutorials PDF
Engineering
Altair HyperMesh
Tutorials
Version 5.0
Contact Altair Engineering at:
Login: ftp
Trademark Acknowledgments:
All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
HyperMesh Tutorials
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/. If the location of your HyperWorks installation directory is unknown,
contact your systems administrator.
Structuring the HyperMesh Database - HM-100 Building and Annotating Plots - HM-700
Introduction to HyperMesh - HM-110 Performing Curve Math - HM-710
User Interface Changes - HM-112 NASTRAN Static Analysis Using
HyperMesh - HM-1010-L
Creating a Macro Menu - HM-115 Modeling Contact for ABAQUS - HM-
1020-L
Geometry Creating and Editing - HM-120 Stress Analysis using ANSYS - HM-1030
Geometry Clean Up - HM-130 Modeling Contact for MARC - HM-1050
Defeature - HM-131 Panel - HM-131 Modeling a 3-D Example for MARC -
HM-1051
Automeshing Module- HM-135L General Interfacing with Crash Analysis
Solvers - HM-1100
Automesh/Remesh - HM-136 Dummy Positioning, Seatbelt Routing,
and Control Volumes - HM-1101
Automesh/Proj to Edge-HM-137 LS-DYNA3D Interface - HM-1110-L
Automeshing Tria Transition Features - HM-140 PAM-CRASH Interface - HM-1120-L
Chordal Deviation Meshing - HM-141 RADIOSS Interface - HM-1130-L
Connecting Components - HM-200 DYTRAN Interface - HM-1140-L
Building 1-D Elements - HM-210 Composite Panel - HM-1300
Spotweld - Hm-215
Calculating Beam Cross Section - HM-220
Building Surfaces and Shell Meshes - HM-300L
Building Solid Elements - HM-400
Using the Automatic Tetramesher - HM-450
Element Editing: Splitting and Combining Shell
Elements - HM-500L
Editing Elements by Moving Nodes - 510L
Model Checking - HM-520
Using OptiStruct in HyperMesh - HM-550
Deformed and Contour Plotting - HM-610
HyperMesh 4.0 Post-processing Features - HM-620
Fatigue Panel - HM-630-L
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
To specify solver:
1. Select the template subpanel.
2. Double-click template file = and select nastran/general.
3. Click return.
5. Click edit.
The card appears and the thickness may be edited.
Using HyperMesh
Each section contains links to lessons in the HyperMesh Users Guide On-line Help. These
lessons explain the HyperMesh interface, terminology, and how to use the HyperMesh panels.
All files referenced in this tutorial are located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/demos/hm.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Starting HyperMesh.
The Mouse
The Keyboard
Viewing Models
Graphics Modes
Saving a File
Similar in structure to HyperMesh 2.1, HyperMesh 4.0 consists of three menu systems: the main,
secondary, and permanent menus. Tutorials on the following topics are included:
The Main Menu
The Permanent Menu
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
New Panels
HyperMesh 3.0 includes ten new panels:
vectors
joints
vectors
solver
vectors
penetration
The stitch panel, as well as the line from surface edges and split surface edge options in the
surface edit panel, are no longer included in the menu. The new geom cleanup panel now
covers these functions. Please refer to Version 2.1 vs. 3.0 Panel Location for detailed information
on the differences between panels in HyperMesh 2.1 and 3.0.
files
Panels related to file management are grouped into an integrated files panel. This panel allows
you to save and retrieve HyperMesh binary databases, import CAD generated geometry or finite
element model information, export CAD geometry or finite element information for specific
analysis codes, specify a template file, specify a result file, and execute a HyperMesh command
file. These subpanels include the following enhancements:
hm files
Space between the save and retrieve buttons in order to prevent accidental selection.
A new option, save in compact.
By default, a file saved in a non-compact format includes surface facets and line/surface
drawing information. Choosing the save in compact format reduces the size of any saved
hm binary database by suppressing faceted surfaces created during the visual options-
import
A new option, offset ids.
An offset ids toggle is included which allows you to assign id values to imported bulk data
deck entities such as nodes, elems, comps, etc. This improves the assembly process of
building full models from many individual files.
export
Retains the same function as the export data panel in versions before HyperMesh 3.0.
command
Retains the same function as the command panel in versions before HyperMesh 3.0.
template
Links with the field in the global panel.
results
Links with the field in the global panel.
To load a result file, you can either type the file name in the file/results sub-panel or in the
result file field in the global panel.
New Functions
s Slide zoom: zooms the model in and out by dragging the mouse in a vertical
direction.
Counterclockwise rotation: rotates the model counterclockwise by the angle set in the
options panel.
Clockwise rotation: rotates the model clockwise by the angle set in the options
panel.
b Back function: returns the model to the initial orientation after a rotation (r) or arc
dynamic motion (a).
help Context sensitive on-line Help: accesses the HyperMesh on-line Help.
3. Click a How do I.
A step by step example procedure appears.
NOTE HyperMesh 3.0 on-line Help is context sensitive. When working within a panel,
click help to display the Help topic available for that panel. The main Help
contents tab appears if you are not within a panel.
r Enhancement in the rotation function: the rotation function now allows you to select a
node or point as a rotation center using the middle mouse button. If a middle mouse
button is not available, press the alt key and the left mouse button to pick the
center.
a Enhancement in the arc dynamic motion function: the arc dynamic motion function
now allows you to select a node or point as a rotation center using the middle mouse
button. If a middle mouse button is not available, press the alt key and the left
mouse button to pick the center.
options Integrates the modeling, graphics, fonts, colors, page name, postscript, and
spaceball subpanels.
node tol Used when finding line intersections and determining duplicate nodes. The
node tolerance also affects the generation of elements in the automesher.
When quads are created and the side of a quad is less than the node
tolerance, HyperMesh tries to create a tria element instead of a quad. If you
create a model with characteristic dimensions less than the node tolerance,
reduce the default node tolerance.
geom tol The geometry tolerance specifies the mathematical accuracy of lines and
surfaces in the model. Lines and surfaces are guaranteed geometrically
accurate to within the distance specified by geom tol. The geometry
tolerance influences the speed of file i/o and geometric operations in
HyperMesh. Very small geometry tolerances can increase file read times
and increase the length of time required to perform geometric operations.
For typical automotive components in millimeters, a geom tol of 1.000e-04 is
usually accurate.
cleanup tol The cleanup tolerance specifies the maximum gap distance allowed between
two edges or points while performing geometry cleanup operations. When a
cleanup operation is performed, if two entities are separated by a distance
greater than the cleanup tol at any point along their length, they are left
unaltered.
fixed points A toggle to turn on or off the display of fixed points.
coincident node This is a new option for selecting coincident nodes. If the option is on,
picking coincident nodes are displayed evenly on a circle when the mouse moves
close.
shrink This option allows you to set shrink element sizes. In HyperMesh 3.0, you
can specify the size of element by entering a shrink factor between 0 and 1.
page names Retains the same function as the original page name panel.
postscript Retains the same function as the original PostScript panel.
spaceball Retains the same function as the original Spaceball panel.
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
Page 4
Page 5
A second table lists the HyperMesh panels alphabetically and gives the page on which the panel
is located.
temp nodes 1,2,3,4 Geom, 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, BCs, Tool, Post
distance 1 Geom
remap 1 Geom
lines 1 Geom
intersect 1 Geom
length 1 Geom
circles 1 Geom
tangents 1 Geom
fillets 1 Geom
reparam 1 Geom
reorder 1 Geom
graphics 1 Permanent/option
ruled 2 2-D
spline 2 2-D
skin 2 2-D
automesh 2 2-D
planes 2 2-D
cones 2 2-D
spheres 2 2-D
torus 2 2-D
tetramesh 2 3-D
linear 1d 3 1-D
masses 3 1-D
bars 3 1-D
rods 3 1-D
rigids 3 1-D
welds 3 1-D
springs 3 1-D
gaps 3 1-D
rbe3 3 1-D
translate 3 Tool
rotate 3 Tool
scale 3 Tool
reflect 3 Tool
project 3 Tool
position 3 Tool
permute 3 Tool
edges 3 Tool
faces 3 Tool
features 3 Tool
normals 3 Tool
dependency 3 Tool
mass 3 Tool
find 3 Tool
mask 3 Tool
delete 3 Tool
constraints 4 BCs
forces 4 BCs
moments 4 BCs
pressures 4 BCs
velocity 4 BCs
accels 4 BCs
temperatures 4 BCs
flux 4 BCs
interfaces 4 BCs
numbers 4 Tool
renumber 4 Tool
summary 4 Tool
count 4 Tool
contour 5 Post
titles 5 Post
deformed 5 Post
transient 5 Post
replay 5 Post
xy plotting 5 Post
fd blocks 5 3-D
spaceball 5 Permanent/option
postscript 5 Permanent/option
background 5 Permanent/option
fonts 5 Permanent/option
accels BCs
automesh 2-D
background Permanent/option
bars 1-D
circles Geom
cones 2-D
constraints BCs
contour Post
count Tool
deformed Post
delete Tool
dependency Tool
distance Geom
edges Tool
faces Tool
fd blocks 3-D
features Tool
fillets Geom
find Tool
flux BCs
fonts Permanent/option
forces BCs
gaps 1-D
interfaces BCs
intersect Geom
length Geom
linear 1D 1-D
lines Geom
mask Tool
mass Tool
masses 1-D
moments BCs
normals Tool
numbers Tool
permute Tool
planes 2-D
position Tool
postscript Permanent/option
pressures BCs
project Tool
rbe3 1-D
reflect Tool
remap Geom
renumber Tool
reorder Geom
reparam Geom
replay Post
rigids 1-D
rods 1-D
rotate Tool
ruled 2-D
scale Tool
spaceball Permanent/option
spheres 2-D
spline 2-D
springs 1-D
summary Tool
tangents Geom
temperatures BCs
tetramesh 3-D
titles Post
torus 2-D
transient Post
translate Tool
velocity BCs
welds 1-D
xy plotting Post
When creating a new macro the user must first decide if they want to add another page or place
the new macro button on a pre-existing page.
Creating a macro
7. Type in
*beginmacro(macroSetActivePage)
*setactivepage($1)
*endmacro()
Note: The page number was passed from the end of the button and retrieved in the macro
with the ($1).
*beginmacro("macroEnterPanel")
*enterpanel($1)
*endmacro()
Note: The page to enter was passed from the button and retrieved in the macro with the ($1).
7. The macro for the Spotweld Edges is in the next section.
Note: All of the above commands can be found in the on-line help.
8. Click retrieve .
Note: The above macro will find all of the nodes on the edges of the elements chosen and then
create weld elements between them. The macro works by first calling the macro from the button
that was created. Then it begins the macro.
The *createmarkpanel command is a command that allows the user to select a set of
elements from within HyperMesh similar to the extended entity selection window and place them
in a user-defined mark.
The next two commands simply find the edges of the elements selected and place them into a
temp1 collector.
Then the *createmark command takes the nodes found on the edges and places them in a
user mark.
The next three commands repeat the selection of elements, the finding of edges and then the
renaming of the collector.
Finally the *createmultiplespotwelds command takes the two user marks and places
spotwelds between them with the first set of nodes being the independent nodes and the second
set the dependent nodes. The last two commands remove the two-temp collectors so that the
macro can be repeated.
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Note: Before using HyperMesh, make sure you delete the hmmenu.set file from your current
working directory.
5. Click the switch under creation method and select no card image.
7. Click create.
Node X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 25
3 0 0 37
4 0 5 25
5 0 5 -2
7. Click return to exit the create nodes panel
To create a circle:
1. Select the Geom page
2. Select the circles panel.
3. Select the center and radius subpanel.
4. Pick node 2 as the node list at which the circle is to be created.
5. Click the plane and vector collector switch and select X-axis.
6. Pick node 2 again as the base for the axis of rotation.
7. Click on the toggle switch and select circle
8. Click radius and enter 5.
9. Click create.
To create a line:
1. Select the Geom page.
2. Select the lines panel.
3. Select create line subpanel.
4. Pick node 4 and node 5 in line list panel
5. Click create to create a line between nodes 4 and 5.
6. Click return to exit the lines panel.
9. Click translate -.
10. Click p on the permanent menu.
11. Click return to exit the translate panel.
5. Click all.
4. Click the plane and vector collector switch and select z-axis.
7. Click duplicate.
8. Click original comp to copy the new line into the current component (Geometry).
original comp allows you to place all duplicated entities into the component collector where
duplication occured. current comp allows you to place all duplicated entities into the current
working component defined in global panel.
9. Click reflect to create the lower arc.
5. Select line 7.
5. Click all.
4. For lines panel, choose line 7, and pick tangent line 12 for the cut line.
6. Repeat step 3-5 in order to cut curve line 8 by tangent line 13 in line edit panel.
7. Press the F2 key and jump into delete panel from line edit panel.
5. Click the switch under creation method and select no card image.
7. Click create.
4. ( The reason to choose z-axis is because we want to create the line on X-Y plane).
6. For line list, choose 2 straight lines that are perpendicular to the X-Y plane.
From this point, any element or geometry such as line or surface that is created, will be
placed in this geometry component collector.
8. Click on extend + .
You can see that line 11 is extended to reach one surface edge.
Note: If the extended line does not stop and extend over the surface edge, try extend
and review the result.
9. Choose the small line segment under X-Y plane, and click on delete entity to remove the line
segment.
The IGES file you generate can be shared with other CAD packages such as UG, Catia, and
ProE.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
surface A collection of one or more adjacent faces whose common edges are
suppressed. HyperMesh meshes on surfaces.
free edge The edge is owned by one surface. In the geom cleanup panel, the default
color is red.
shared edge The edge is owned by two adjacent surfaces. In the geom cleanup panel, the
default color is green.
suppressed edge The edge is owned, or shared, by two adjacent surfaces. It is transparent to
the meshing routine. In the geom cleanup panel, the default color is blue.
non-manifold edge The edge is owned by three or more surfaces. In the geom cleanup panel,
the default color is yellow.
fixed point A point associated with a surface. A fixed point is displayed as a small circle
(o) and is the same color as the surface to which it is associated. The
automesher places a finite element node at fixed points.
free point A point in space not associated with a surface. A free point is displayed as a
small x, (x), and is the same color as the geometry collector to which it
belongs.
cleanup tol = The tolerance used to determine if two surface edges or two surface vertices
should be considered as one.
NOTE:
Values for cleanup tol= can be specified in two locations. The global value for
cleanup tol= is in the options/modeling subpanel. The local value for
cleanup tol =, which is used for a specific cleanup operation, is in the geom
cleanup panel. Sometimes, operations performed by the local cleanup
tolerance can be lost by a global cleanup tolerance overriding it.
visual options Enables user to control display mode of surfaces and edges. View surfaces in
wire frame or shaded mode. Display on/off surface edge types.
edges subpanel Used to remove gaps and overlaps between surfaces and to merge surfaces
together by modifying the edges of the surfaces.
toggle Convert individual surface edges from one edge type to another with single
mouse clicks. Free edge shared edge suppressed edge (red green
dotted blue).
replace Combine two free edges into a shared edge. Free edge shared edge (red
green).
equivalence Convert free edges between adjacent surfaces to shared edges. Free edge
shared edge. (red green).
surfaces subpanel Used to delete duplicate surfaces, remove surface holes, organize surfaces.
find duplicates Find and delete duplicate surfaces. Non-manifold edge shared or free edge
(yellow green or red).
organize by feature Combine surfaces based on fillets. Shared edge suppressed edge (green
dotted blue).
move faces Stitch faces to an existing surface or stitch faces to create a new surface.
Shared edge suppressed edge (green dotted blue).
fixed points subpanel Used to add, replace, and suppress fixed points.
add Create fixed points from existing free points or nodes.
replace Delete point to be moved and relocate associated geometry to retained point.
suppress Delete unnecessary fixed points or convert fixed points to free points.
NOTE In the surface edit panel, the lines from surface edge subpanel no
longer exists. In most panels, surface edges can be used as lines.
38,6,308,15,15HHypermesh Model,1.,2,2HYPERMESHM,1,0.,13H980709.084600,1.E-06,,
G0000002
5HYPERMESHr. X,1HX,10,0,13H980709.084600;
G0000003
116 1 0 0 1 0 0 000000000D0000001
116 0 0 1 0 0 0D0000002
6. Click return.
To renumber surfaces:
1. Select the Tool page.
2. Select the renumber panel.
3. Click the input collector switch and select surfs.
4. Click surfs and select all on the extended entity selection pop-up window.
5. Click renumber.
The header bar displays the message, 12 surfs ranging from 1 to 12. Completed Through ID:
0.
6. Click return.
7. Click p on the permanent menu.
The new surface IDs are displayed in the graphics area.
4. Click save.
The header bar displays the message, The file has been saved.
5. Click return.
6. Click color.
7. Select Color 5.
8. Click create.
A component collector named top, with a default material collector named top, is created.
9. Repeat steps 3-9 to create three more component collectors named middle1, with Color 4,
middle2, with Color 10, and bottom, with Color 9.
10. Click return.
4. Use the same procedure to move surfaces 4, 5, and 7 to the middle2 component collector.
5. Use the same procedure to move surfaces 1 and 2 to the top component collector.
6. Click return.
3. Click save.
A dialog box displays the message geomcleanup.HyperMesh exists. Overwrite? (y/n).
4. Click Yes.
5. Click return.
5. Click delete.
The message, One face was deleted, is displayed in the header bar.
7. The two Ps in the two circles on surface 2 that arent centered are highlighted white.
8. Click delete.
The two circles are deleted from the database.
NOTE HyperMesh finds circular and non-circular shaped holes; the holes dont need
to be perfect circles. The diameter is treated as a characteristic dimension.
To combine two free edges into a shared edge using surfaces / replace subpanel:
1. Select the edges subpanel.
2. Click replace on left side of menu panel.
3. Pick the surface 10 edge that is parallel and closest to a surface 11 edge.
4. Pick the surface 11 edge that is parallel and closest to the surface 10 edge just selected.
5. Click replace on the right side of the menu panel.
The header bar displays the message, Gap distance (0.602170) is larger than specified
tolerance.
7. Repeat steps 3 - 5.
To combine free edges to create shared edges using the edges/toggle subpanel:
1. Select the edges subpanel.
2. Select the toggle radio button.
3. Click f on the permanent menu to fit displayed components to the graphics area.
4. Pick surface 3 free edge adjacent to surface 1.
The surface edge becomes green. The surface edge selected in the edges/toggle subpanel
is the retained edge. The other edge, which is found automatically, is the edge which is
moved.
5. Pick the surface 9 free edge adjacent to surface 1.
6. Pick the surface 3 free edge adjacent to surface 11.
7. Pick the surface 3 free edge adjacent to surface 5.
8. Pick any other interior free edges.
9. Click visual options.
10. Deactivate the shared edges check box to turn the display of these edges off.
11. Deactivate the fixed points to turn the display of these points off.
Only the free edges that define the model perimeter and the interior holes remain.
12. Click visual options.
13. Activate the shared edges check box to turn display of the edges on.
14. Activate the fixed points check box to turn display of the points on.
6. Click return.
The suppressed surface edges are not displayed in the graphics area. They still exist in the
model and can be toggled back to shared edges in the geom cleanup panel.
NOTE The resulting stitched surface is located in the component collector of the stitched
surface having the lowest id. As a result of surfaces 4 and 6 being stitched together,
the stitched surface is located in middle2 component collector where surface 4 was
originally located. As a result of surfaces 3, 5, and 9 being stitched together, the
stitched surface is located in middle1 component collector where surface 3 was
originally located.
In the geom cleanup panel, HyperMesh treats lines and surface edges the same. It
is recommended that lines be displayed off or masked so that surface edges can be
selected more easily.
5. Click create.
Question dialog box pops-up stating Lines appear planar, project to plane? (y/n).
6. Click Yes.
A surface was created using the selected three lines.
7. Click return.
8. Click geom cleanup.
9. Click edges.
10. Click toggle.
11. Of the three lines selected in surface edit / filler surface subpanel, pick the line closest to
the center of the model. The shared (green) edges are suppressed (blue).
Remove surface fillets and make sharp corners using the parameters specified
Trim-Intersect to remove edge fillets by selecting two points of tangency around the fillet
In this example, we will remove the interior trim lines by specifying one of the lines:
1. Retrieve the HM database file defeature.hm.
2. Go to the defeature panel on the Geom page.
3. Select trim lines subpanel.
4. Click the toggle below remove and select interior trim lines.
5. Click lines and select one of the interior trim lines defining one of the small rectanglular cut
outs on the top center surface. Alternately, click in the lines box and select displayed from
the extended selection menu.
6. Click untrim to remove the interior trim lines.
Note: The other option under remove is to remove all trim lines. This function allows you to
specify a surface and will return the original, untrimmed surface information. Depending on the
CAD package and method used to create these surfaces, the results of this operation will vary.
Figure 1: Use the radius parameters of an example fillet profile to identify surface fillets.
Note: At this point, a new subpanel appears where you can be specific about selecting the fillet
to be removed, fillet ends and edge associativity. Ignore edge association can be used to verify
or modify the selection of edges whose adjacent surface geometry will be ignored in favor of
using the selected fillet surfaces geometry when calculating the tangent surface. This is
commonly used if the adjacent surface has a very high degree of curvature compared to the fillet,
or if the edge in question is a free edge. Fillet ends can be used to verify or modify fillet ends.
Unless a string of fillets makes a complete loop and closes upon itself, you should see at least
two fillet end lines.
Figure2: After removing surface fillets, adjacent surfaces are extended along the tangent until they intersect.
To remove fillets:
1. Retrieve the hm file defeature.hm.
2. Go to geom page and defeature panel.
3. Go to edge fillets subpanel.
4. Click on surfs and select the end surface in the extreme +X and Z direction of the model.
Set the radius and angle values as follows: Min radius = 5.0; Max radius = 15.000; Min
angle = 15.000.
5. Click find. The fillets will be identified with a blue F and lines indicating the beginning and
ending points of tangency of the fillets.
6. Select both of the fillets to be removed. Alternately, click the fillets button and select all
from the pop up list.
7. Click remove to eliminate the fillets by projecting the surface edges from the point of
tangency until they intersect.
Figure 3: Use the edge fillet function to identify and remove rounded corners on free-surface edges.
To trim points:
1. Rotate the model to center the view to the end surface in the most X and Z direction.
2. Select the trim-intersect subpanel.
st
3. With the blue box highlighting node under 1 edge trim location:, select the trim point (point
of tangency) for one of the edge fillets, as shown in the figure below.
Figure 4: Click on points of tangency of the edge fillets to square off rounded corners on free-surface edges.
Note: In these excersises, we used the functions in the defeature panel to simplify the geometry
of a small part. The remove trim lines function was used to eliminate two rectangular cut outs
on the top surface. The surface fillet function was used to remove the curved fillets where the
top surface transitioned to the sides. Edge fillet and Trim-intersect were used to square off the
end surfaces. The results of these operations will yield a more regular, geometric mesh.
File Needed:
Cleaned_Up-Geom.hm
There are two options in the create mesh sub-panel. The toggle allows you to alternate between
the interactive and automatic selection. The default is interactive. The interactive option is
used to automesh multiple surfaces or elements with user-controlled parameters. Once a surface
or a group of elements have been selected for the automeshing module, the information is
retained and updated with any changes to meshing parameters while in the automeshing module.
The next time the selected entity, either surfaces or a group of elements, is brought into the
automeshing module, the saved data is used unless the reset mesh parameters to: button is
selected, in which case the old information is discarded and new values are computed.
The meshing parameters can be set to either element size with element shape or use mesh
params. When the mesh params option is used, the mesh can be created by use chordal
deviation mesh or use size and biasing. This tutorial uses the element size option. The
options when using use mesh params are illustrated in tutorials HM-140 and HM-141.
The toggle between elements to current comp and elements to surfaces comp tells
HyperMesh where these newly created elements should be located. You can put created
elements in the associated surface components or the global current working component where
you define them. After clicking the green mesh button, the automeshing module will be displayed
allowing you to adjust element density and biasing of all the shared and free edges belonging to
the selected surfaces, change element type, and perform quality checks. Once the elements are
created, you may select surfaces that contain bad elements or a group of elements, and you can
refine them by clicking the remesh button. HyperMesh will first delete the existing elements and
then re-mesh the selected entity.
The highlight surfs button, below the find mesh error, directs HyperMesh to scan through all
the selected surfaces for mesh and highlight those failed in creating meshes in your last attempt.
If you select to refine a group of elements by changing the switch from surfs to elems, you can
decide whether you want to break connectivity between the selected group of elements and the
rest of the elements by activating a small check mark in front of the break connectivity option.
You can anchor nodes by activating the checkbox.
The Automatic panel has the same features as the interactive panel. The only difference is it
creates elements on surfaces without bringing up the automeshing modules.
The Mesh params sub-panel is divided into two parts. The left part contains options and
settings for use chordal deviation meshing algorithm described in HM-141. The right part
contains options for the use size and biasing meshing algorithm described in tutorial HM-140.
The cleanup sub-panel consists of four features: split surf, unsplit surf, replace points, and
toggle. Split surf has the same function as trim with two nodes located at the surface edit
panel. After choosing two nodes on a selected surface, HyperMesh creates a line between
these two nodes, and uses this line to trim the selected surface at the normal direction.
Unsplit surf has the same function as remove interior trim lines in the surface edit panel.
This feature not only removes trim lines from associated surfaces, but also deletes them from the
model. A useful example of this feature is to remove pinholes. Replace points has the same
function as replace points in the geom cleanup panel. The details of using this function are
described in tutorial HM-130-Geometry Clean Up. Toggle has the same function as
edge/toggle in the geom cleanup panel. The detail of using this function is also described in the
tutorial HM-130-Geometry Clean Up.
cleanup subpanel
The Proj to edge sub-panel will locate all interior fixed points on a set of surfaces, then project
each of these points to the nearest (perpendicular) edge location on its own surface only. This
produces mesh patterns that are more regular in appearance.
The distance tolerance and angle tolerance are parameters used to control creation of fixed
points. If the shortest distance between an edge and an interior fixed point is less than or equal
to the distance tolerance, a fixed point will be created on the edge. If the angle ABC, formed by
an existing fixed point on an edge (A), the fixed point to-be-created (B) and the interior fixed point
(C), is less than the angle tolerance, a fixed point will not be created.
7. Click the radio button in front of algorithm module to activate the function.
Note: The small square icons on the center of surface id 6 and 7 indicate that HyperMesh
will use mapped as rectangle meshing algorithm to create the mesh.
3. Once the first node is selected, the second node box is highlighted automatically. Click on
the vertex on the opposite side of the surface id 3. As shown in the figure below, a line
connecting these two nodes is used to trim the surface id 3 at the normal direction.
4. Repeat step 1 3 to trim surface id 2 and surface id 1 as shown in the figure below.
Note: Trimming surfaces allow you to split surfaces and generate shared edges in between. Later
while meshing surfaces, you will have more nodes on shared edges. Which gives you more
control over your mesh.
3. Once the first node is selected, the next node box is highlighted automatically. Click on the
vertex on the opposite side of the surface id 3. As shown in the figure below, a line
connecting these two nodes is used to trim the surface id 3 at the normal direction.
Note: In the meshing module, notice that Hypermesh puts element density in the middle
of the meshed area. This restricts the nodal location of the remeshed area (refer to figure
below).
Remesh Elements
Elements are remeshed with the use of the HyperMesh inferred surface algorithm. Geometry for
the selected elements does not need to exist in the model. The inferred surface algorithm
creates geometry data from the selected elements in order to create new mesh.
When elements are selected to be remeshed, there is the break connectivity option and the
vertex angle parameter. The break connectivity option detaches the node connectivity
between adjacent selected and unselected elements. This allows you to adjust the node
densities along the boundary of the selected elements. The vertex angle parameter defines the
placement of vertices along the boundary of the selected elements. If the angle between two
adjacent element edges along the boundary is less the specified angle, a vertice is placed at the
meeting point of the two edges. Anchor nodes create the effect of a fix point on the inferred
surface (which is derived from the existing mesh) and keep the location of the anchor nodes
intact.
In HyperMesh 5.0, the mixed (quads and trias) meshing algorithm can be used on mapped and
unmapped surfaces. The mixed meshing algorithm generates a quad dominant mesh where all
transitions between opposing mesh densities are accomplished using tria elements. This
produces mesh patterns that are more regular in appearance.
4. Select the remesh.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under <altair
home>/altair/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
remesh.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
Proj to Edge
To mesh a surface containing interior fixed points without using the proj to edge
subpanel:
1. Select automesh on the 2D page.
2. Click create mesh.
3. Select the yellow, slender, rectangular surface.
4. Click the box before reset meshing parameters to:
5. Enter 20 in the field following elem size =.
6. Click the switch below elem size = and select quads.
7. Click mesh.
8. Click mesh again to preview the mesh.
9. Click abort to return to the automesh panel and to not accept the mesh.
The fixed points can be projected to multiple surfaces by changing the tolerance values
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
4. Select the tria_trans.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
tria_trans.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
5. Click the switch under mapped mesh elem type and select quads.
6. Activate size control and deactivate skew control, if necessary.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with the first exercise and
continue doing the exercises in the following order:
The Chordal Deviation Options
Creating a Mesh Based Only on Element Size
The Maximum Deviation Parameter
The Maximum Angle Parameter
The Maximum Element Size Parameter
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
4. Select the connect1.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect1.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
5. Select any three nodes (N1/N2/N3) on the perimeter of the large hole in part 2.
6. Click circle center.
A circle is created in the center of the three nodes you selected on part 2.
7. Select any three nodes (N1/N2/N3) on the perimeter of the small hole in component A.
8. Click circle center
A circle is created in the center of the three nodes you selected on component A.
9. Select any three nodes (N1/N2/N3) on the perimeter of the small hole in component B.
10. Click circle center
A circle is created in the center of the three nodes you selected on component B.
4. Pick the mid-point node created in the previous exercise to be the independent: node:.
5. Pick a node at the center of one of the rigid links on part 1 to be the dependent node.
6. Repeat steps 4 & 5 for the mid-point node and the other rigid link.
4. Select the connect2.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect2.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
The rbe3 panel allows you to create, review, and update RBE3 elements. The update subpanel
allows you to edit the connectivity, dofs, and weight for each node of the element.
RBE3 elements are displayed as lines between the dependent node and the independent
node(s) with RBE3 displayed at the dependent node of the element.
RBE3s define the motion at a reference grid point -the dependent node- as the weighted
average of the motions at a set of other grid points -the independent nodes. RBE3 is used in
NASTRAN.
4. Select the connect3.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect3.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
The springs panel allows you to create spring elements. A spring element is an element
created in a space between two nodes of a model where a spring connection is desired. Spring
elements store a property and a degree of freedom (dof).
Spring elements are displayed as a line between two nodes with the letter K written at the
centroid of the element.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4. Select the connect4.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect4.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
4. Select general.
5. Click return.
3. Click return.
7. Click the data entry field under K1 and enter 1.0 as the spring constant.
8. Click return twice to access to the main menu.
7. Click return.
The equations panel allows you to create, review, and update equations.
Equations are displayed as lines between the dependent node and the independent node(s)
with the letters EQ displayed at the dependent node of the equation.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4. Select the connect5.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect5.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
6. Click create.
3. Click the switch and select dof2 as the dependent node degree of freedom.
4. Activate dof2 as the independent node degree of freedom. Deactivate any other degree of
freedom options selected.
3. Click create.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with
the first exercise and continue doing the exercises in the following order:
Creating a Bar Element
Creating 1-D Elements Using the Line Mesh Panel
Creating 1-D Elements Using the Features Panel
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
4. Select the 1D_elements.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
1D_elements.hm file.
5. Click retrieve.
6. Click return to access the main menu.
9. Click the switch below update and select components from the pop-up menu.
10. After x comp =, enter the value 1.
11. After y comp =, enter the value 1.
12. After z comp =, enter the value 1.
The local y axis is now specified.
13. Click node A and select the lower node in the graphics area.
14. Click node B and select the upper node in the graphics area.
The 2 noded bar element is created.
7. Click set segment to highlight the box with the blue input cursor.
8. After elem density =, enter the value 20.
9. Click set all.
10. Click return twice to access the main menu.
Figure1
The second option in this subpanel, lines-surfs, has the same functionality as surfs-surfs
except the 1D elements are created between a group of lines and a set of surfaces. Two options
are given in choosing the line: lines and line list. When lines option is chosen, each line is
treated independently. This results in elements being located at beginning and end of each line
with the remainder of the 1D elements being spaced evenly along the length of each individual
line. If the line list option is chosen, all of the selected lines are combined head to tail in the
order they are selected, and are treated as a single line. The density/spacing option indicates the
number or spacing of 1D elements along the line or a set distance between the weld elements to
be created along the line or lines.
Figure2
4. Select the spotweld_geom.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<altair home>/altair/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
spotweld_geom.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
4. Select the spotweld_node.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<altair home>/altair/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
spotweld_node.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click view located at permanent menu. Choose right.
8. Click return to access the main menu.
Figure 10
4. Activate the nodes box next to dep:. Click the nodes box again to bring up the entity
selection window, click by collector, and select the big_flange component collector.
Figure 11
Figure 13
Create 1D elements:
1. Enter spotweld/using elems subpanel.
2. Click the switch under the weld location and choose nodes.
3. Select the nodes belonging to component surf1(blue component).
4. Highlight elems box. Click elems and choose all.
5. In the search tolerance = field, enter 2.
6. Switch build system to without system.
7. Click create. Four weld elements are created. Note these 1D welds are not connected to
the shell elements.
Figure 14
5. Click retrieve.
Figure 15
Figure 16
In this tutorial, use the PBEAM card for the Nastran solver as the example to create 2 models;
one with a solid section and another with a shell section. The following procedures are included:
Creating a property and material collector
Creating a beam element for a solver
Creating a summary file to view and save the calculated element properties
Apply the details to the property card to the beam element
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/. The beam_solid.hm file contains line segments and nodes.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
NOTE You must load a template and create material and property collector before you
can assign beam properties. A material collector must also be created to
calculate the correct characteristics for the bar or beam elements for the
summary.
7. Click Yes.
The property called beam_prop has now been updated with the Area, Moment of Inertia, and
other calculated values added to the property card.
5. Click the left mouse button to advance to the next page of the summary file.
6. Click return.
7. Click return.
8. Click return.
3. Click Yes.
The HyperMesh session is cleared for the next steps.
4. Click return.
NOTE: You can click the graphical representation of the thickness arrow to toggle
the side of the line where the thickness is to be applied. Each click changes
the location of the thickness of the line from top to bottom or centered. In this
case, place the thickness over the center of the lines.
7. Click Yes.
The weld_prop property has been updated with the Area, Moment of Inertia, and other
calculated values.
8. Click return.
To update the property and view the card in the card previewer:
1. Select card on the permanent menu.
2. Click the input collector switch and select props.
3. Click props.
4. Activate the weld_prop checkbox.
5. Click select.
6. Click edit.
The NASTRAN PBEAM card image is displayed. The values can be edited by clicking the
field you want to edit and entering the desired values.
Area
A = 220
Centroid
Wrt. User Axes YC = 0
ZC = 0
global Yc = -1.13636
global Zc = 0
Bending
Moments Of Inertia wrt. User Axes IYY = 16549.2
IZZ = 3693.33
IYZ = 0
IZZC = 3693.33
IYZC = 0
EMZP = 1259.8
PMZP = 1715.04
ZMAXC = 10
Shear
Shear Center wrt. Centroid YS = 1.01881
ZS = 0
Ysc = -2.15517
Zsc = 0
AZZ = 1.84491
AYZ = 0
AZZP = 1.84491
KZZ = 0.542033
KYZ = 0
Torsion
Torsional Constant J = 1754.85
AXZ = 0
ruled panel Allows you to create a surface and/or mesh from nodes or lines that are
unconnected.
spline panel Allows you to create a 3-D mesh and/or surface with lines.
skin panel Allows you to create a surface and/or mesh skin across a set of lines.
drag panel Allows you to create a surface and/or mesh by dragging nodes, lines, or
elements.
line drag panel Allows you to create a surface and/or mesh by dragging nodes, lines, or
elements along a line.
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
See the following panels in the HyperMesh Panels On-line Help for more information:
ruled
spline
skin
drag
line drag
automesh
create nodes
lines
line edit
7. Click retrieve.
8. Click return to access the main menu.
3. Pick lines L1, L2, and the lines that you created in the previous procedure.
4. Click the rightmost switch and select mesh, keep surf.
5. Click create.
6. HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
- To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
7. Click mesh to create a shell mesh of elements on the new surface.
- To undo, click reject immediately after you create the mesh.
- If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
- If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
8. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 4:
- mesh, dele surf
- mesh, w/o surf
- surface only
7. Click retrieve.
8. Click return to access the main menu.
4. HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
5. Select the dragdemo.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
dragdemo.hm file.
7. Click retrieve.
11. HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
- To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
12. Click mesh to create a shell mesh of elements on the new surface.
- To undo, click reject immediately after you create the mesh.
- If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
- If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
13. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 5:
- mesh, dele surf
- mesh, w/o surf
- surface only
7. Click retrieve.
8. Click return to access the main menu.
10. HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
- To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
11. Click mesh to create a shell mesh of elements on the new surface.
- To undo, click reject immediately after you create the mesh.
- If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
- If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
12. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 5:
- mesh, dele surf
- mesh, w/o surf
- surface only
3. Click the input collector switch after drag: and select lines.
4. Pick line L1.
5. Click the lower right switch and select mesh, keep surf.
6. Click the toggle and select use default vector.
7. Click line list to the right of along: and pick line L2 in the graphics area as the guide line
along which to drag the entities.
8. Click drag.
The new surface is displayed.
9. HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
- To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
10. Click mesh to create a shell mesh of elements on the new surface.
- To undo, click reject immediately after you create the mesh.
- If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
- f the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
11. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 5:
- mesh, dele surf
- mesh, w/o surf
- surface only
8. Click return.
3. Click the input collector switch after drag: and select nodes.
4. Select the six nodes (in order from 16) created previously along line L1.
5. Click line list to the right of along: and pick line L2 in the graphics area as the guide line
along which to drag the entities.
6. Click the lower right switch and select mesh, keep surf.
7. Click the toggle and select use default vector.
8. Click drag.
The new surface is displayed in the graphics area.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
4. HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash, /.
5. Select the solidmap.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
solidmap.hm file.
7. Click retrieve.
3. Click return.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4. Select the bumper.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
bumper.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
6. Click all.
4. Click comps again and select end2 and mid2 as the component collectors.
5. Click return.
6. Click size = and enter 10 for the size of the normal vectors to be displayed.
9. From the graphics area, pick any element in the cyan colored collector end2.
The normals of the elements in the green collector, mid2, are the same as the elements in
cyan collector, end2.
11. Click return to access the main menu.
2. Click elems and select by config from the extended entity selection menu.
5. Click elems and select by config from the extended entity selection menu.
2. Click total thickness = and enter 5 for the total thickness of the elements you want to create.
4. Click z on the permanent menu and use the left mouse button to draw a circle around the
right side of the bumper.
6. Click offset = and enter 2.5 as the starting position for the solid elements.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4. Select the drag.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
drag.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
3. Click elems and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
4. Click the plane and vector collector switch and select N1, N2, N3.
5. Click N1.
This defines a plane and normal vector from which HyperMesh creates the solid elements.
7. Click the toggle and select distance =.
8. Click distance = and enter 100 for the total thickness of elements you want to create.
9. Click on drag = and enter 20 for the number of rows of solid elements you want to create.
3. Click z on the permanent menu and use the left mouse button to draw a circle around the
right side of the bumper.
NOTE Each row of elements gets progressively thicker due to the linear bias.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4. Select the linedrag.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
linedrag.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
6. Click all.
3. Click elems and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
This selects the shell elements that define the section of the solid mesh you want to create.
4. Click line list next to along:.
5. Pick the two lines that define the helical spring from the graphics area.
Hold the left mouse button and move the cursor in the graphics area to highlight each line.
Release the left mouse button to select each highlighted line.
6. Click on drag = and enter 200 for the number of rows of solid elements you want to create.
The header bar displays status messages as the elements are created.
9. Practice by clicking the use default vector toggle and selecting specify vector. Also, define
a bias style: and a value for bias intensity =
NOTE If you select specify vector, use the plane and vector collector to select the
orientation vector.
For more information on the biasing options, refer to the Element Biasing
section in the Automatic Mesh Generation chapter of the Users Manual.
10. Click drag to create a new solid mesh based on the changes made.
11. Click return to accept the new solid mesh and access the main menu.
Tetramesh a Volume
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
You can specify trias as fixed and floatable. Under most circumstances, select only those trias
that must match up to another pre-existing mesh as fixed. You can also specify various growth
options in order to control the tradeoff between the number of tetras generated and the average
and minimum element qualities. Higher, more aggressive growth rates produce fewer elements,
but they may be of poor quality.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4. Select the tetmesh.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
tetmesh.hm file.
5. Click retrieve.
3. Click the switch below floatable trias: and select comps from the pop-up menu.
or
Click the upper comps and select trias, then click return.
5. Click the switch below growth option: and select standard from the pop-up menu.
6. Click the lower right switch and select generate mesh normally from the pop-up menu.
7. Click tetmesh.
NOTE The header bar displays status messages as the elements are created. The
right mouse button allows you to cancel the tetramesh operation.
NOTE Elements that cause the tetramesher to fail are highlighted and placed into a
buffer for later retrieval. See The Tetra Remesh Panel for a description on
retrieving and isolating these elements for inspection.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4. Select the tetremesh.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
tetremesh.hm file.
5. Click retrieve.
NOTE The header bar relays the message that the minimum tetra collapse is 0.00, a tetra
element that does not occupy a volume. The save failed operation places the bad
elements that show a tetra collapse value less than what is specified in a buffer,
allowing the elements to be retrieved later.
3. Click the switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
4. Click elems and select retrieve from the extended entity selection menu.
5. Click elems and select reverse from the extended entity selection window.
6. Click mask .
3. Click the upper switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
4. Click the lower switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
6. Click find.
3. Click elems and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
4. Click remesh.
Using the normal algorithm, if you pack many elements against the surface, many of the elements
will have some very obtuse face angles, which often cause problems for solvers. For the prism
layer algorithm, the tetra elements are generated in prism-shaped groups of three or more in such
a way to prevent large angles from appearing. Arbitrarily, many of these high aspect ratio tetras
can be layered against the surface as needed in order to resolve the boundary layer behavior.
They are generated with very thin initial layers, growing in thickness with an accelerating growth
rate until the layer thickness is the same as the width of the prism, at which point the tetramesher
switches to its normal algorithm to efficiently fill the remaining volume.
4. Select the sphere.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
sphere.hm file.
5. Click retrieve.
6. Click return to access the main menu.
6. Click the hidden line with mesh lines icon, , the third icon from the left below the all
button.
7. Click all.
8. Click mesh color and select Color 0 from the pop-up menu.
9. Click return to access the main menu.
2. Select top.
5. Click the switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
6. Click elems and select by window from the extended entity selection menu.
7. Click interior.
8. Using the left mouse button to define the corners of your window, select elements from the
right half of the model.
12. Click the hidden line with mesh lines icon, , the third icon from the left below the all
button.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
See the following panels in the HyperMesh Panels On-line Help for more information:
edges
check elements
The split sub-panel allows you to split an arbitrary number of shell elements by drawing a split
line over them. The splitting algorithm used depends on how the split line crosses the element.
4. Select the el_edit_split.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
el_edit_split.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to exit the files panel.
The combine subpanel on the edit element panel allows you to combine an arbitrary number of
shell elements simultaneously or a set number of shell elements automatically. Both methods are
controlled by the tolerance = and angle = functions. When elements are being combined,
HyperMesh requires the nodes attached to the elements to be planar within a user-specified
tolerance. The tolerance may be changed with the menu item tolerance =.
When elements are being combined, HyperMesh performs node condensation on mid-side
nodes. Nodes are considered to be mid-side nodes if the angle between any three nodes in the
set of nodes being condensed is greater than a user-specified angle. The angle may be changed
with the menu item angle =.
NOTE: Setting tolerance = too high may create warped elements, and/or the deviation from
the geometry may increase.
Maintain proper connectivity (without any internal free edges) after combining elements.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with the first exercise and
continue doing the exercises in the following order:
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Refer to the following panels in the HyperMesh Panels On-line Help to learn more about the
utilities for node/mesh manipulation:
Permute
Project
Reflect
Rotate
Translate
4. Select the node_editing.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
node_editing.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to exit the files panel.
5. Click the data entry field after distance = and enter 27.0.
N2 moves along the N1 - N2 vector to reflect this change.
Undo
Click reject.
Use the node_editing.hm file used in the previous tutorial, Changing the Distance
Between Nodes:
To replace a node:
1. Select the replace panel on the 1-D, 2-D or 3-D page.
2. Click equivalence if it is not already selected.
3. Click z on the permanent menu and draw a circle around nodes A, B, C, and D.
4. Click the upper node list and pick node A on the model.
5. Click the lower node list and pick node B on the model.
Node A moves to the position of node B.
6. Click at mid-point.
7. Click the upper node list and pick node C on the model.
8. Click the lower node list and pick node D on the model.
The nodes move to the midpoint of their original locations.
Undo
Click the right mouse button immediately after the nodes have been replaced, or click reject.
NOTE The nodes are equivalenced if you select equivalence. You may move
nodes only if equivalence is not selected.
You can select the second node at any location on a line or along a
surface. In this case, select the node on the line or surface by first
highlighting the line or surface, then selecting the preferred location on the
line or surface.
Use the node_editing.hm file used in the previous tutorials, Changing the Distance
Between Nodes and Replacing Nodes.
To align a node:
1. Select the align node panel on the Geom page.
2. Select b on the permanent menu to go back to the previous view of the model.
3. Click the upper node list and pick node 3 on the model.
4. Click the lower node list and pick node 4 on the model.
Nodes 3 and 4 define the vector along which other nodes selected are aligned.
Undo
Click the right mouse button immediately after selecting a node.
Use the node_editing.hm file used in the previous tutorials, Changing the Distance
Between Nodes, Replacing Nodes, and Aligning Nodes.
To place a node:
1. Select the node edit panel on the Geom page.
2. Select the place node subpanel.
3. Click z on the permanent menu and draw a circle around E and X in the graphics area.
4. While destination surf is highlighted, pick the surface to which to associate the node by
selecting on or near one of the surface lines.
5. While node to place is highlighted, pick node E.
6. Pick a point near X in the graphics area.
The node is moved to that location on the surface.
Undo
Click the right mouse button or click reject.
NOTE: You can check elements while using the place node on the node edit panel. To do
this, press the F10 key, check the element(s) in question, and click return to access the node
edit panel.
Placing a node on a surface associates the node to the surface. Once a node has been
placed on a surface, another node can be placed on the same surface by picking the new
node and then the surface (you do not have to reselect the surface).
Warpage The amount by which an element or element face (in the case of solid elements)
deviates from being planar. Warpage of up to five degrees is generally acceptable.
Aspect Ratio The ratio of the element's longest edge to its shortest edge. Aspect ratios should be
less than 5:1 in most cases.
Skew The angle between the lines that join opposite midsides.
Jacobian A measure of the deviation of an element from an ideally shaped element. The
Jacobian value ranges from 0.0 to 1.0, where 1.0 represents a perfectly shaped
element. However, Jacobian values of 0.7 and above are generally acceptable.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
To change the performance graphics mode and view the model in hidden line mode:
1. Select the options panel on the permanent menu.
2. Select the graphics subpanel.
3. Click the toggle and select performance.
4. Select the vis panel on the permanent menu.
7. Click return.
4. Select the modelchk_final.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
modelchk_final.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to exit the files panel.
5. The number of elements failed and the maximum aspect ratio are displayed in the header
bar.
6. Pick any of the highlighted elements from the graphics area to check the aspect ratio of the
elements individually.
5. Click elems and select reverse from the extended entity selection menu.
6. Click mask .
Only the failed elements are displayed. This function may be necessary when you are
working with a large number of elements.
7. Click return.
9. Click return.
7. Click equivalence.
8. Click return.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with the first exercise and
continue doing the exercises in the following order:
Running OptiStruct
Running OptiStruct at the Command Line
Analysis of a Plate with a Hole
Analysis of a Coffee Pot Lid with Thermal Loads
Normal Modes Analysis of a Splash Shield
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
4. Select the plate.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/os/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
plate.hm file.
5. Click retrieve.
6. Click return to access the main menu.
5. Click write.
This writes the HyperMesh database as an OptiStruct ASCII input deck.
3. Click input file = and enter the OptiStruct input deck plate.fem.
or
Click input file = again and browse your directory structure for the file plate.fem.
4. Click solve.
This launches the OptiStruct job. If the job is successful, new results files can be seen in the
directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The plate.out file is a good place to look for
error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
The default files written to your directory are:
plate.oslog OptiStruct log file containing compliance and volume calculations for each
optimization iteration.
plate.out OptiStruct output file containing specific information on the file set up, the
set up of your optimization problem, estimate for the amount of RAM and
disk space required for the run, information for each optimization iteration,
and compute time information. Review this file for warnings and errors
that are flagged from processing the plate_hole.fem file.
plate.res HyperMesh binary results file.
To execute a check run to validate your input deck and determine how much RAM and
disk space is necessary for the run:
At the UNIX command prompt, enter:
$OSDIR/optistruct plate.fem -len 10 -check
Information regarding memory requirements is written to plate.out.
To execute a check run to validate your input deck and determine how much RAM/disk
space is necessary for the PC run:
Add the check parameter to your input deck and run OptiStruct.
Information regarding memory requirements is written to plate.out.
4. Select the plate_hole.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/os/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
plate_hole.hm file.
5. Click retrieve.
6. Select the template subpanel.
7. Click template = twice and select optistruct/optistruct.
Note that template = now displays the location of the optistruct template file.
7. Click return.
This saves the mesh into the shells component.
Figure 2. Illustration of which nodes to select for applying single point constraints
5. Click write.
This writes the HyperMesh database as an OptiStruct ASCII input deck.
To run OptiStruct:
1. Select the solver panel on the BCs page.
2. Click the upper left switch and select OptiStruct from the pop-up menu.
HyperMesh loads the direct path to the optistruct executable in the solver = field.
3. Click input file = and enter the OptiStruct input deck plate_hole.fem.
or
Click input file = again and browse the directory structure for the file plate_hole.fem.
4. Click solve.
This launches the OptiStruct job. If the job is successful, the user should see new results
files in the directory from which plate_hole.fem was selected. The plate_hole.out
file is a good place to look for error messages which could help debug the input deck if any
errors are present.
The default files written to the directory are:
Figure 4. Isometric view of deformed plot overlaid on original undeformed mesh. Model units are set to 250.
4. Click contour.
- What is the maximum displacement value?
- At what location does the model have its maximum displacement?
- Does this make sense based on the boundary conditions applied to the model?
Figure 5. von Mises stress plot using discrete contours (performance graphics option).
Analysis Review
Review the following points:
- How could the structure be modeled using symmetry?
- Can the results be expected to be symmetric for this model? Why?
4. Click retrieve.
The temperature loads are represented (by default) by icons sized to 10 model units. These
icons may be too large with respect to the model size. Select the temperatures panel on the
BCs page and set magnitude% to the value 0.500. Or, suppress the display of the load
collector in the display panel.
The temperatures are higher around the drip-through hole and lower at the edges of the lid.
This loading is representative of the brewed liquid running through the hole, the most extreme
temperature gradient the lid will see during regular use.
5. Click write.
This writes your HyperMesh database as an OptiStruct ASCII input deck.
To run OptiStruct:
1. Select the solver panel on the BCs page.
2. Click the upper left switch and select OptiStruct from the pop-up menu.
HyperMesh loads the direct path to the OptiStruct executable in the solver = field.
3. Click input file = and enter the OptiStruct input deck lid_complete.fem.
or
Click input file = again and browse your directory structure for the file lid_complete.fem.
4. Click solve.
This launches the OptiStruct job. If the job is successful, new results files should appear in
the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The lid_complete.out file is a good place
to look for error message that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
Analysis Review
Review the following points:
The singularity at the spout cut-out:
- If thermal stresses are required, the singularity problem must be resolved as this area
contains elements with the largest von Mises stress values.
Representation of the hinge opposite of the spout cut-out:
- In this analysis, the region around the hinges may be a concern. There are relatively high
stress values that must be resolved. For instance, if testing shows that the coffee pot lid
wears out around the hinge area over time, these thermal stresses could possibly cause that
fatigue.
10. Repeat the same procedure to update the material id of the nondesign component.
11. Click return to access the main menu.
Figure 1. Selecting nodes for constraining the bolt locations. Zoomed in from a top view.
5. Click write.
This writes your HyperMesh database as an OptiStruct ASCII input deck.
To run OptiStruct:
1. Select the solver panel on the BCs page.
2. Click the upper left switch select OptiStruct from the pop-up menu.
HyperMesh loads the direct path to the OptiStruct executable in the solver = field.
3. Click input file = and enter the OptiStruct input deck sshield_complete.fem.
or
Click input file = again and browse your directory structure for the file
sshield_complete.fem.
4. Click solve.
This launches the OptiStruct job. If the job is successful, new results files can be viewed in
the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The sshield_complete.out file is a good
place to look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are
present.
Analysis Review
Review the following points:
- Representation of the boundary conditions at the bolt locations:
In this analysis, it was assumed that the bolts were significantly stiffer than the shield. If
the bolts needed to be made of aluminum and the shield was still made of steel, would
the model need to be modified, and the analysis run again?
- It is necessary to push the natural frequencies of the splash shield above 50Hz. With the
current model, there should be one mode that violates this constraint: Mode 1. Design
specifications allow the inner disjointed circular rib to be modified such that no significant
mass is added to the part. The available package space for this new rib is shown as the
solid region in Figure 3. The thickness of the solid region is equal to the depth of the
original rib. Is there a better configuration for this rib within the above stated constraints
that will push the first mode above 50Hz?
Figure 3. Green solid region represents the available package space for redesigning the inner disjointed circular rib.
deformed panel The deformed panel plots displacement analysis results. Use this function to
see the motion of your structure after analysis.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
To attach titles to the entities with the least and greatest results values:
1. Click min/max titles.
2. Click contour.
For contour plots, the titles are attached to nodes in the graphics area.
2. Click contour.
1. Click the lower left switch next to undeformed and select scale factor.
2. Click scale factor = and enter 100.0.
3. Click contour.
The model is deformed.
1. Click the lower left toggle next to find minimum and select minimum =.
2. Click minimum = and enter 0.000.
This value is assigned to the lowest color in the plot.
3. Click contour.
3. Click contour.
2. Click the toggle next to mode and switch between hidden line and wireframe.
The model is displayed in hidden line and wireframe mode.
3. Click the toggle next to color and switch between by element and contour.
The color display of the model changes to reflect your selection.
4. Click the toggle next to mesh and switch between mesh, features, and none.
This changes the plotting of the meshed lines.
7. Click translate +.
The cutting plane is moved 10.000 positive units forward in the direction normal to the plane
defined by the three nodes that you selected.
8. Select translate -.
The cutting plane is moved 10.000 negative units in the direction normal to the plane defined
by the three nodes you selected.
4. Select the bumper.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
bumper.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
5. Click return.
To create and display an assign plot using the analysis results file:
1. Select the contour panel on the Post page.
2. Click simulation = and select NEAR CENTER HIT-LINE LOAD.
3. Click data type = and select Displacements.
4. Click title = and enter This is the title for the assign plot.
5. Click assign.
The assigned plot is displayed. The legend, which identifies the values associated with the
color bars, is displayed in the top left corner of the graphics area. The title of the plot is also
displayed.
The assign function assigns a color to each element in the model, based on the values in the
results file. The elements are then displayed in the solid color assigned to them.
To attach titles to the entities with the least and greatest results values:
1. Click min/max titles.
2. Click assign.
For assigned plots, the titles are attached to the elements.
2. Click assign.
1. Click the lower left switch next to undeformed and select scale factor.
2. Click scale factor = and enter 100.0.
3. Click assign.
The model is deformed.
2. Click assign.
The engineering values in the results file are changed to reflect this factor. The shape of the
model changes as well.
4. Select the bumper.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
bumper.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
The performance graphics engine treats each HyperMesh component as an independent unit.
This feature allows you to assign a set of display attributes to each component of your model that
determine how each component is displayed. For more information on the display attributes that
you can assign to each component, see the topic Component Display in Performance Graphics in
the HyperMesh Users Guide.
To attach titles to the entities with the least and greatest results values:
1. Click min/max titles.
2. Click contour.
For contour plots, the titles are attached to nodes in the graphics area.
2. Click contour.
1. Click the lower center switch next to undeformed and select scale factor.
2. Click scale factor = and enter 100.0.
3. Click contour.
The model is deformed.
2. Click contour.
The engineering values in the results file are changed to reflect this factor. The shape of the
model changes as well.
4. Click contour.
In the performance graphics engine, the cutting plane function allows three planes to be active
simultaneously. A cutting plane can be moved through the model by selecting the active plane
with the mouse and then dragging it across the model.
To create and display a deformed plot using the analysis results file:
1. Select the deformed panel on the Post page.
2. Click simulation = and select NEAR CENTER HIT-LINE LOAD.
3. Click data type = and select Displacements.
4. Click title = and enter This is the title for the deformed plot.
5. Click the leftmost toggle and select model units.
6. Click model units = and enter 45.0.
The node(s) with the maximum displacement in the model is displayed as if it had the value
entered in the model units = field. For example, if the maximum displacement was .001
units, the node would be displaced as if its displacement were 45.0 units. All other
displacements would be interpolated from that point.
9. Click the switch next to deform color and select use elem color.
10. Click deform.
The deformed and undeformed shapes are displayed in the wireframe mode.
11. Click visual options to change the display mode of the model.
NOTE Any change made to the visual options causes the undeformed shape to
be removed from the display.
3. Click linear.
HyperMesh calculates the animation frames and displays them. Each frame is a linear
interpolation of the maximum displacement for each node.
During animation, the visual controls in the permanent menu can be used to manipulate the
view. The visual options can be used to manipulate the display.
4. Select the rotor.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
rotor.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
4. Click modal.
HyperMesh calculates the animation frames and displays them. Each frame is a linear
interpolation of the maximum displacement for each node.
Modal animations are calculated and displayed in HyperMesh such that the shape is shown
in its positive and negative form. All the visual options, as well as view manipulation, can be
used during animation.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
4. Select the treb.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
treb.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
3. Select Time step 0, t = 0.000e+00 to be used as the starting point for calculating the
deformed shape of the structure.
4. Click end with =.
5. Select Time step 26, t = 2.500e+00 as the last simulation to be used.
6. Click data type =.
7. Select Vonmises (mid) as the data type used to calculate the deformed shape of the
structure.
8. Click the toggle before find maximum and select maximum =.
9. Click maximum = and enter 2000 as the maximum data type value on the contour plot.
4. Click transient.
In the header bar, the message Some element results not found (ignored) is displayed.
This message occurs because rigid links and joints are displayed in the graphics area.
HyperMesh doesnt support results for these entities.
HyperMesh returns to the animation panel, the bitmap frames are built, and the animation
begins.
Using the fatigue panel to export data and write an nSOFT input deck
4. Select the keyhole.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
keyhole.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to access the main menu.
3. Select the keyhole.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
4. Click return.
NOTE Select the transient dynamic option if a dynamic finite element analysis was
used to obtain the stress/strain results for the model.
3. Click the lower left toggle and select ascii.
NOTE Select the binary option if the fatigue solver allows a binary input file.
4. Click output file = and enter a name for the output file.
This file becomes the input file for the fatigue solver.
5. Click data group = and select any of the data groups that you want to write to the output file.
The data groups are organized based on whether nodal or elemental results are available in
the results file.
NOTE For more information on how HyperMesh organizes the analysis results available
in the results file, please see the fatigue panel in the Panels On-line Help.
NOTE For a static/modal analysis, you can write out stress/strain information from one
or all of the simulations.
For a transient dynamic analysis, you can write out stress/strain information for
one or all of the time steps, or you can choose a range from the starting time step
to the ending time step.
For more information, see the fatigue panel in the Panels On-line Help.
NOTE The type of entity you select is based upon the data group you selected. Select
nodes if the data group you selected refers to nodal results. Similarly, select
elements if the data group you selected refers to elemental results. If the data
group results and the entity type are not the same, HyperMesh displays an error
message, Results file doesnt contain nodal values.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with the first exercise and
continue doing the exercises in the following order:
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
The along nodes and position subpanels allow you to create a contour plot of the model. Then,
the panels allow you to select nodes along a path or select nodes that are then used in the order
in which they occur along a specified axis.
In this tutorial, create plots with curves using the data from a HyperMesh binary results file and
the results, along nodes, position, and along cut subpanels.
4. Select the raildemo.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
raildemo.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
4. Select the raildemo.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that results = now displays the location of the
raildemo.res file.
6. Click return.
6. Pick 14 nodes on the model so that the nodes define a path. Pick the nodes across the
different contour colors where the model curves.
NOTE The order in which the nodes are picked determines the connectivity of the
data points on the curve being created.
6. Pick 14 nodes on the model so that the nodes define a path. Pick the nodes across the
different contour colors where the model curves.
7. Click plot axis.
A Displacements vs. Distance Along X Axis curve is created on a standard plot named
untitled3. HyperMesh names the curve curve9. The plot is located in the lower right
corner of the graphics area. The name of the plot is displayed in the create new plot data
entry field.
NOTE Complex data can also be plotted for shell elements using the results,
along nodes, and position subpanels on the results curve panel. For more
information, see the HyperMesh 4.0 Update Training document.
6. Click the plane and vector collector switch and select N1 N2 N3.
7. Click edit.
8. Click x = under N1 and enter 539.054.
In the Node Vector Edit panel, x =, y =, z = data entry fields are displayed under N1, N2, N3,
and base.
6. Click return.
7. Select the display panel on the permanent menu.
8. Click the upper switch and select plots.
9. Notice that the plot collector untitled1 is now named myplot1
To display a plot:
1. Select the display panel on the permanent menu.
2. Click the upper switch and select plots.
3. Click none.
No plots are displayed in the graphics area.
5. Right-click railstrs.
The railstrs plot is no longer displayed in the graphics area.
4. Click return.
7. Click return.
9. Click title =.
10. Enter node 625 Disp (total disp) VS time in the data entry field after title =.
11. Press the ENTER key.
In the plot legend, the title description for curve6 reflects this change.
4. Click return.
7. Click return.
To change the grid lines of a plot to have the grid attributes of an existing plot:
1. Select the grid attribs panel on the xy plots module.
2. Click plot = and select raildisp.
3. The plot raildisp is on top of the plot myplot1.
4. Click plots and select myplot1.
5. Click select.
6. Click update.
7. Select gridcolor, width, line style, and margin.
8. Click update.
The plot myplot1 is updated to have the same grid attributes as the plot raildisp. The plot
raildisp is moved to the background; and only the plot myplot1 is visible in the graphics
area.
9. Click return.
7. Click return.
5. Click return.
5. Click return.
6. Try changing the subtitle and label of the plot, and their color and font size.
7. Click return.
NOTE: If you are using HyperMesh for the PC, a DOS window may appear with the following
message: Does curve3_data.ascii specify a file name or directory name on the target <F =
file, D = directory)? Type F for file.
10. Click return.
11. Review the curve3_data.ascii file.
- For the UNIX version of HyperMesh, go to the directory from which HyperMesh is run.
- For the PC version of HyperMesh, open the file with a text editor.
- The curve3_data.ascii file contains the xy data for curve3.
12. Return to the current HyperMesh session.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, start with the first exercise and continue
the exercises in the following order:
Using the integral math function
Using the freq math function
Using the polyfit math function
Using the vector subrange extractor
Using the integrate panel
Using the simple math panel
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
8. Click y =.
9. Select file as the data source.
10. Click file = twice to access the file directories.
11. Select the rcforc.ascii file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
12. Click type =.
13. Select Interface Forces.
14. Click req =.
15. Select Master 1.
16. Click comp =.
17. Select Z.
y = displays the location of the rcforc.ascii file as well as Master 1/Z.
To edit a curve:
1. Select the modify subpanel on the edit curves panel.
2. Click curve =.
3. Select curve1.
4. Click comp =.
5. Select Y.
6. Click modify.
curve1 reflects the component Y.
7. Click comp =.
8. Select Z.
9. Click modify.
curve1 reflects the component Z.
10. Click return.
11. Click exit.
To create plots:
1. Select the plots panel on the xy plots module.
2. Click plot = and enter test2.
3. Click the switch and select standard.
4. Click create plot.
A standard plot is created, located in the upper left corner of the screen. This plot is on top of
the plot untitled.
5. Repeat steps 2 - 4 to create four standard plots named test3, test4, test5, and test6.
6. In the graphics area, the four plots are stacked on top of the plot test2. It appears that there
are only two plots displayed in the graphics area (untitled and test2).
7. Click return.
3. Click return.
To edit curves:
1. Select the edit curves panel on the xy plots module.
2. Select the create subpanel.
3. Select math as the data source.
4. Click plot = and select test2.
5. Click the data entry field after x = and enter cl.x.
6. Click the data entry field after y = and enter integral(c1.x,c1.y).
7. Click create.
Given c1, a curve is created which is the indefinite integral of c1. The curve is named
curve2 and is located on the plot test2.
To filter a curve:
1. Click plot = on the edit curves panel.
2. Select untitled.
x = displays c1.x.
4. Click create.
A third curve, curve3, is created on the same plot as curve1.
NOTE For a description of the SAE class filter saefilter and other math
functions and operators, see the topic List of Functions and Operators in
the Math Reference chapter.
6. Click return.
7. Click axis scaling on the xy plots module.
plot = displays test3.
6. Click create.
Given c1, curve 5 is created which is an eighth order polynomial fit of curve c1. Curve 5 is
located on the plot test4.
6. Click return.
7. Click return.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with the first exercise and
continue doing the exercises in the following order.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
4. Select the plate_hole.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5. HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
plate_hole.hm file.
6. Click retrieve.
17. Click T, click the data entry field under T, and enter 10.0.
18. Click return twice to access the main menu.
A component is created named shells. Any elements created and organized into this
component have the thickness attributes defined by the PSHELL card. The elements have
material attributes defined on the MAT1 card by the material collector steel, since the shells
component references this material collector.
Use the card image subpanel to modify the card images for these collectors.
Use the update subpanel to define a different material for the components.
To create collectors:
1. Select the collectors panel.
2. Select the create subpanel.
3. Click the switch after collector type: and select loadcols.
4. Click name = and enter spcs.
6. Click return.
5. Click write.
This writes your HyperMesh database as a NASTRAN ASCII input deck.
4. Click save.
5. Click return to exit the files panel.
6. Click quit to exit HyperMesh.
To run hmnast, attach the results file and set visual options:
1. From a UNIX or MS-DOS prompt, type the following:
hmnast d von_max plate_hole.pch plate_hole.hmres
2. Start HyperMesh and remove any model that is currently loaded:
- Select the delete panel on the Tool page.
- Click delete model.
- Select Yes from the pop-up window.
3. Retrieve the input deck that was used to run the NASTRAN job:
- Select the files panel.
- Select the import subpanel.
- Double click translator = and select nastran.
- Double click filename = and choose plate_hole.dat.
- Click EXTERNAL.
- Click the upper toggle to no overwrite.
- Click import.
4. Set the visual options:
- Select the command subpanel.
- Double click file = and choose nastut1.cmf, located in the HyperMesh installation
directory under /tutorials/hm.
- Click execute.
5. Attach the results file for post-processing:
- Select the results subpanel.
- Double click results file = and select plate_hole.hmres, located in the directory from
which NASTRAN is run.
6. Click return to exit the files panel.
Isometric view of deformed plot overlaid on original undeformed mesh. Model units are set to 250.
von Mises stress plot using discrete contours (in performance graphics mode).
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator for assistance.
- Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
- Click create/edit.
3. Edit the card image to add the appropriate material model cards:
- Select ELASTIC in the option list.
- By default, the selected type is ISOTROPIC. If it is not set to ISOTROPIC, click the
switch and select it.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath E and enter 2.1E5.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath NU and enter 0.3
5. Double-click comps and select INDENTOR and BEAM from the list.
7. Click update.
9. Click update.
5. Click load.
3. Click comps and select INDENTOR from the list of component collectors.
6. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select left from the pop-up menu.
3. Click the input collector switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
7. Click mask .
8. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select iso 1 from the pop-up menu.
4. Click the switch under creation method: and click card image.
8. Click create.
Note that a *SURFACE DEFINITION card now appears in the card image.
There are two ways to define the surface from a set:
- If you want to define the surface by explicitly specifying a face:
Click the selection box under MSLabel(1) and choose S1 from the pop-up menu.
Using this method requires all of the elements in the set to be aligned properly and also
requires you to know which face is involved in the contact. Also note that ABAQUS does
not allow the TRIM option to be used simultaneously with a face identifier. In order to use
the TRIM option (discussed next), you must have the MSLabel(1) switch set to NoLabel.
- If you want to define the surface using the ABAQUS TRIM functionality:
Click the switch under TRIM and select YES from the list.
Using this method allows ABAQUS to automatically define the master surface based on the
rules found in the ABAQUS Users Manual. Also note that ABAQUS does not allow the
TRIM option to be used simultaneously with a face identifier. In order to use the TRIM
option, you must have the MSLabel(1) switch set to NoLabel.
2. Click SlaveSurfaceDefinition.
No modification of the slave *SURFACE DEFINITION card is necessary since the surface is
defined using element faces. When you export the deck to ABAQUS, a list of the element
faces is written after the *SURFACE DEFINITION card.
3. Click SurfaceInteraction.
5. Click the field beneath FrictionCoeff in the card image and enter 0.05
6. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select iso 1 from the pop-up menu.
- Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
- Click create/edit.
- Click the field beneath SETNAME in the card image and enter GROUNDED
- Click the field beneath dof1 in the card image and enter 3.
- The dof2 field in the *SPRING card is ignored by ABAQUS for SPRING1 elements.
- Click the field beneath Stiffness in the card image and enter 1.0E-5
4. Click the switch under creation method: and click no card image.
The name of this component must be the same as the name in the SETNAME field in the
*SPRING property card or the elements are not tied properly to the property card.
6. Click color and select Color10.
7. Click create.
In HyperMesh, grounded elements are created and stored as mass elements since they
only have one node in the element connectivity.
3. Click return to exit the panel.
5. Click component = and select GROUNDED from the list of component collectors.
As the spring elements are created, they are placed in this component. This component is
then tied to the *SPRING card through the name: GROUNDED.
6. Click return to exit the panel.
- Click property = and select SPRING from the list of property collectors.
- This shorthand selects all of the nodes from 451 to 460 in increments of 3.
- Click create.
5. Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
8. Click create.
4. Double-click name = and select STEP1 from the list of load collectors.
5. Click edit.
- Select Increment and Nlgeom from below StepParameters in the options list.
- Click the field beneath INCREMENT in the card image and enter 100.
You may have to use the scroll bar on the left side of the screen in the options list to find
the Static option.
- Click the Init_Increment field in the card image to change from the default value.
- Click the field beneath Init_Increment in the card image and enter 0.05
- Click the switch under FILEFORMAT and select ASCII from the list.
4. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select left from the pop-up menu.
8. Click create.
5. Click nodes and select by sets from the extended entity selection menu.
7. Click select.
8. Click create.
4. Deactivate the check boxes next to dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6.
5. Click nodes and select by sets from the extended entity selection menu.
6. Select LOADED.
7. Click select.
8. Click create.
3. Click nodes and select by sets from the extended entity selection menu.
4. Select LOADED.
5. Click select.
4. Click filename = and type in a name for the input deck: job1.inp
5. Select TEMPLATE.
7. Click write.
4. Click save.
After you quit HyperMesh you can run the ABAQUS solver using the job1.inp file that was
written from HyperMesh.
If you ran ABAQUS and created your own .fil file, run the hmabaqus results translator to create
the results file. If you did not run the solver, you can use the abaqus3_0tutorial.hmres file
supplied in the Tutorial directory.
To run hmabaqus:
To import the hm file, attach the results file, and set visual options:
1. If you have a model loaded into HyperMesh, follow these procedures:
3. Read the input deck that was used to run the ABAQUS job or the input deck supplied in the
tutorials directory:
4. Click none.
6. Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select iso 1 from the pop-up menu.
The elements displayed on the screen are the slave elements that are involved in the
contact. To view the contact results, the underlying element faces must be visible. The
following steps show all of the elements connected to these slave element faces.
7. Select the find panel on the Tool page.
10. Click the switch under attached to: and select elems.
11. Click elems under attached to: and select displayed from the extended entity selection
menu.
4. Click the second switch down, which should be set to model units, and choose undeformed
from the pop-up menu.
5. Click contour.
At this point, an error message is displayed in the message bar that states:
Some node results were not found (ignored).
When ABAQUS reports contact results, it only reports values for the nodes directly on the
slave surface. Therefore, the nodes on the other end of the displayed solid elements dont
have any contact results reported from ABAQUS. HyperMesh recognizes that there are no
values at those nodes and reports an error message to warn you that they may be missing
results. Also notice that the contact pressure is high on the corners of the slave surface, but
is zero in the middle where no contact is occurring.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with the first exercise and
continue doing the exercises in the following order:
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
6. Click retrieve.
7. Click return to exit the files panel.
To update elements:
1. Select the elem types panel on the 2-D page.
2. Click mass = and select MASS21.
3. Click rod = and select LINK1.
4. Click gap = and select CONTAC12.
5. Click tria3 = and select PLANE42.
6. Click quad4 = and select PLANE42.
7. Click elems and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
8. Click update.
9. Click return.
9. Click return.
HyperMesh returns to the card panel.
10. Click return to access the main menu.
9. Click return.
HyperMesh returns to the collectors panel.
10. Double click name = and select GAP.
11. Click card image = and select CONTAC12.
12. Click load/edit.
HyperMesh goes to the card image panel.
13. Select kopt1_FLAG.
14. Click the data entry field under kopt1 and enter 0.
15. Select kopt2_FLAG.
After creating property collectors, assign them to their respective element types.
OMEGA,,,377
5. Click options = and enter the platform on which the ANSYS analysis was performed and
enter other options as needed. For more information, see Results Translation in the External
Interfacing on-line help.
6. Click solve.
7. To specify the HyperMesh results file, click results file = on the global panel and select hm-
ansys.hmres.
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator for assistance.
4. Click retrieve.
3. Click return.
- Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
- Click create/edit.
3. Edit the card image to add the appropriate material model cards:
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath Youngs and enter 2.1E5.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath Poissons and enter 0.3
6. Click load/edit.
7. In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath EGEOM(1) and enter 1.0.
12. In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath EGEOM(1) and enter 1.0.
3. Click comps and select RUBBER from the list of component collectors.
5. Click edit to view or edit the GEOMETRY model definition card image.
Note: You can also define a GEOMETRY model definition card during the creation of a
component collector.
4. Click select.
5. Click edit.
6. Edit the card image to add the appropriate MODEL DEFINITION CARDS:
- Select Initial from the option list.
- Select CONTROL from the option list.
- Select NOPRINT from the option list.
- Select CONTACT TABLE from the option list.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath NrSets and enter 2.
Notice that two SETS of contact table entries appear.
To edit the loadstep card image and define a HISTORY DEFINITION DATA load and
constraint block (LOADCASE):
1. Select the card panel on the permanent menu.
2. Click the upper switch and select loadsteps.
3. Click loadsteps and select the loadstep history1_definition_block.
4. Click select.
5. Click edit.
6. Edit the card image to add the appropriate HISTORY DEFINITION CARDS:
- Select CONTROL from the option list.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath nitems and enter 60.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath timeinc and enter 0.017.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath NrSets2 and enter 1.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath ID(1) and enter 2.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath Velx(1) and enter -8.5.
- Click title.
- Edit the card image section and enter 2d contact example beneath the title field.
- Click print .
- Edit the card image section and enter 5 beneath the print field.
- Click setname.
- Edit the card image section and enter 50 beneath the UpBound field.
- Click post.
- Edit the card image section and enter 1 beneath the nrvar field.
- Edit the card image section and enter 6 beneath the style field.
- Edit the card image section and enter 47 beneath the code field.
- Edit the card image section and enter equiv. Cauchy Stress beneath the label field.
5. Select TEMPLATE.
7. Click write.
4. Click save.
After you quit HyperMesh you can run the MARC solver using the demo_2d.dat file that was
written from HyperMesh.
To run hmmarc:
At a UNIX or MS-DOS prompt, enter hmmarc demo_2d.t16 demo_2d.hmres.
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator for assistance.
200 0.00
210 0.15
240 0.70
245 1.25
248 2.00
- Click return to accept the changes to the card image.
4. Click return to exit the panel.
7. Click update.
9. Click update.
6. Click load/edit.
7. In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath EGEOM(2) and enter 1.0.
3. Click comps and select test_specimen from the list of component collectors.
5. Click edit to view or edit the GEOMETRY model definition card image.
Note: You can also define a GEOMETRY model definition card during the creation of a
component collector.
6. Click create.
Notice that in the header bar left of the quit button, the active load collector symmetry
appears. All loads and boundary conditions are now added to this load collector.
6. Deactivate the check boxes next to dof2, dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6.
To create the constraints for the 2 HISTORY block on the load plane and assign them to
the move_history2 load collector:
1. Select the global menu panel.
2. Select the loadcol = subpanel.
3. Select the move_history2 loadcollector.
4. Click return to exit the panel.
Notice that in the header bar left of the quit button, the active load collector move_history2
appears. All loads and boundary conditions are now added to this load collector.
To create the constraints for the 3 HISTORY block on the load plane and assign them to
the move_history3 load collector:
1. Select the global menu panel.
2. Select the loadcol = subpanel.
3. Select the move_history3 load collector.
4. Click return to exit the panel.
Notice that in the header bar left of the quit button, the active load collector move_history3
appears. All loads and boundary conditions are now added to this load collector.
To edit the loadstep card image and define a MODEL DEFINITION DATA load and
constraint block (ZERO INCREMENT):
1. Select the card panel on the permanent menu.
2. Click the upper switch and select loadsteps.
3. Click loadsteps and select the loadstep zero_inc.
4. Click select.
5. Click edit.
6. Edit the card image to add the appropriate MODEL DEFINITION CARDS:
- Select Initial from the option list.
- Select NOPRINT from the option list.
7. Click return to exit the panel.
8. Click return to exit the panel.
To assign the appropriate load collectors to the loadsteps defining the MARC HISTORY
Definition DATA blocks:
1. Select the BCs page.
2. Select the load steps subpanel.
3. Click name = and enter history1.
4. Click loadcols and select the load collector symmetry and move_history1.
5. Click select.
6. Click create.
7. Click name = and enter history2.
8. Click loadcols and select the load collector symmetry and move_history2.
9. Click select.
10. Click create.
11. Click name = and enter history3.
12. Click loadcols and select the load collector symmetry and move_history3.
13. Click select.
14. Click create.
15. Click return to exit the panel.
To edit the history2 loadstep card image and define a load and constraint block
(LOADCASE_2):
1. Select the card panel on the permanent menu.
2. Click the upper switch and select loadsteps.
3. Click loadsteps and select the loadstep history2.
4. Click select.
5. Click edit.
6. Edit the card image to add the appropriate HISTORY DEFINITION CARDS:
- Select AUTOLOAD_TIMESTEP in the option list.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath nitems and enter 60.
- In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath timeinc and enter 0.1.
7. Click return to exit the panel.
8. Click return to exit the panel.
- Click title.
- Edit the card image section and enter 3d contact example beneath the title field.
- Click plasticity.
- Edit the card image section and enter 3 beneath the form field.
- Click solver.
- Edit the card image section and enter 4 beneath the typ field.
- Click optimize.
- Edit the card image section and enter 10 beneath the typ field.
- Click post.
- Edit the card image section and enter 2 beneath the nrvar field.
- Edit the card image section and enter 6 beneath the style field.
- Edit the card image section and enter 17 beneath the first code field.
- Edit the card image section and enter v. Mises Stress beneath the label field.
- Edit the card image section and enter 7 beneath the second code field.
- Edit the card image section and enter Total equiv. pl. Strain beneath the label field.
4. Click filename = and enter the name demo_3d.dat for the input deck.
5. Select TEMPLATE.
7. Click write.
4. Click save.
After you quit HyperMesh you can run the MARC solver using the demo_3d.dat file that was
written from HyperMesh.
If you ran MARC and created your own .t16 file, run the hmmarc results translator to create the
results file. If you did not run the solver, you can use the marc3d_tutorial.hmres file
supplied in the Tutorials directory.
To run hmmarc:
- Click return.
3. Read the input deck that was used to run the MARC job or the input deck supplied in the
tutorials directory:
- Double-click filename = and choose demo_3d.dat if you ran your own solver program,
or marc3d_tutorial.dat if you want to use the supplied file.
- Select EXTERNAL.
- Click import.
- Double-click results file = and choose demo_3d.hmres if you ran your own solver
program, or marc3d_tutorial.hmres if you want to use the supplied file.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
The penetration panel supports all of the solver interfaces that contain card images and interface
elements. Before you use the penetration panel, element thicknesses and contact interfaces
must be defined for the current template loaded in the global panel. For more information on
defining thickness on collector cards, refer to the collectors panel in the Panels section of the on-
line help. For more information about creating contact interfaces, see the interfaces panel in the
on-line help.
Ta/2 + Tb/2 - d = P
Where Ta and Tb are element and/or nodal thicknesses, d is the distance between the element
midplanes, and P is the amount of penetration. HyperMesh computes the penetration and checks
on a node by node basis, which allows the penetration, P, to vary throughout the model. Nodes
with negative penetration values are marked as non-penetrating nodes.
Contact directions (interface element normals) are not considered when determining if nodes are
penetrating the opposing contact face. Nodes are marked as failed regardless of the direction
normal to the contact elements. However, the calculated penetration does consider the normal
direction. This is discussed in more detail in the Fixing Penetrations section.
Nodes that penetrate far enough through the thickness of the opposing surface so that the
thicknesses do not overlap at the nodal location (left diagram in above figure).
Nodes that lie exactly normal to nodes on the opposing contact surface (right diagram in
above figure). Some of the nodes in the right diagram will be detected, however some of the
nodes will not be detected.
NOTE The penetration check adjustment panel can only be accessed after completing a penetration check
in the penetration panel.
The thickness value you enter in the penetration check adjustment subpanel specifies the
element thickness adjustment required to eliminate the penetration. The value in the thickness
number field can be set to scale or reduction. When you click recheck, it recalculates the
penetration by either scaling or by reducing the element thickness by the specified value. The
amount of penetration calculated when you use the recheck function is based on the following
formulas:
for scale:
for reduction:
The display mode can be set to temp nodes, vectors, or contour. The temp nodes mode
displays yellow temporary nodes at all node locations that failed the penetration check. The
vectors mode displays vectors in the direction and magnitude required to fix each penetrating
node. You can alternate the vector display between uniform size or magnitude %. The contour
mode displays a contour plot from zero to the maximum penetration.
The save penetrated option allows you to save the location of the penetration areas as well as
the magnitude and direction of the vectors required to fix the penetration areas. The saved
entities can be used in other HyperMesh panels to fix the penetration (see exercise two). The
save penetrated function creates a ^vectors collector that contains the saved vectors. The
^vectors collector can be turned on and off by using the display panel.
The adjust function allows you to quickly fix penetrations by moving only the nodes that failed the
penetration check. When you click adjust, the penetrated nodes move in the direction and
magnitude of the vectors in the vectors display mode. Additional use of the adjust function
continues to translate the nodes in the same direction and magnitude. You must use this function
with discretion because the adjust function deforms the original model at the points of
penetration (shown in the next exercise).
Use reject to undo any modifications and remain in the penetration check adjustment
panel
Use abort to undo any modifications and return to the penetration panel
Use return to accept the modifications and return to the penetration panel
The penetration checking calculation does not take into account the direction of the contact
normals. Nodes are marked as failed regardless of the direction the contact normals are pointing.
However, the computed direction and magnitude of the penetration does take into account the
direction of the contact normals. When the segment orientation option is on, the penetration
check takes into consideration the directions of contact normals when it calculates the amount of
penetration (first illustration below). The returned values represent the actual nodal penetration.
When the segment orientation option is off (second figure below), the penetration check does
not take into account the directions of element normals. Instead, the check calculates the amount
of penetration as the shortest distance required to move nodes so they do not lie within the region
defined as the element thicknesses. The returned values are the mathematical absolute amount
of nodal penetration. It is recommended that you leave the segment orientation option active
unless all the vectors in the vector display mode are pointing in the opposite direction needed to
fix the penetration.
Once the amount of penetration is determined, the value is used to calculate the vector directions
and magnitudes required to fix the penetrating nodes. Surface to Surface and Single Surface
contacts create vector magnitudes equal to P/2 (the total penetration divided by 2). Node to
Surface contacts define vector magnitudes equal to P because only slave nodes are adjusted.
One method you can use to fix penetration areas is to use the translate panel to move the
elements the distance necessary to correct the penentration.
5. Click the switch under save penetrated and select nodes & vect.
6. Click save penetrated to place the failed nodes in the user mark and to create vectors at all
the failed nodes. The vectors are placed in a ^vector collector that can be turned on and
off in the display panel. The vectors are created in the direction and magnitude required to
fix the penetration. They are located in the vectorcols subpage.
7. Click return.
8. Select the translate panel on the Tool page.
9. Select all the elements in the fl1 component:
- Click the input collector switch and select elems.
- Click elems and select by collector.
- Select the fl1 component.
- Click select.
10. Click the plane and vector collector switch and select vector.
11. Pick one of the vectors that point in the positive x direction.
12. Click magnitude = and enter 3.000
13. Click translate +.
14. Click reset to clear the selected entities.
15. Select all of the elements in the fl2, light blue component.
- Click the input collector switch and select elems.
- Click elems and select by collector.
- Select the fl2 component.
- Click select.
16. Click translate -
17. Click return.
NOTE The adjust function is an easy way to fix penetrations. However, using the adjust
function deforms your model at the areas of penetration, as is apparent when this
exercise is complete.
The pene-dyna.hm file contains other model components that may be useful for
trying the penetration checking/adjusting functions. These examples are not included
in the tutorial but are available for more practice. Use the display panel to view the
other collectors in the model.
A spherical joint consists of two coincident nodes. During analysis, the two
NOTE
coincident nodes are forced to remain coincident but the bodies attached to
each coincident node are allowed to rotate freely about the joint location.
5. Click retrieve.
6. Click return.
5. Click return.
7. Repeat the last three steps, but select node 1 from the coincident node picking window
instead of node 598.
8.Click create to generate the spherical joint element.
A revolute joint consists of four nodes, two sets of two coincident nodes. During
NOTE
analysis, all four of the revolute joints nodes remain at the same location with respect
to each other. The bodies attached to the nodes are free to rotate about the axis that
lies along the length of the revolute joint.
H-Point subpanel
Turn off all entities except components and set the component display to shaded only:
1. Click on the only comps macro button found in the Display: group to turn off all entities
except for components.
2. Under the Display: macro button group, click on the per button next to gfx to turn on
performance graphics.
3. Under the vis panel, click on the shaded only icon, then the all button.
4. Click return to leave the vis panel.
5. Enter the dummy panel from the safety panel on the tool page.
6. Activate the H-point radio button to enter the H-point sub-panel.
7. Select any element on the dummy to select the entire dummy.
8. Under position: type 1.280, 0.350, and 0.284 in the x=, y=, and z= number fields
respectivly. The tab key can be used to cycle through the number fields.
9. Click position to move the H-point to the specified coordinates.
10. Under rotate+ set the N1, N2, N3 vector selection to y-axis and set increment = 24.00.
11. Click rotate- to set the rotation angle about the y-axis to 24.00 degrees.
3. Select any element in the lower left leg. HyperMesh follows the model hierarchy up to the
previous joint in the knee and down to the end of the hierarchy through the foot.
4. Click the <, decrement, next to yrot row five times to change the rotation of the left knee to
25.0 degrees.
5. Select any element in the lower right leg and click the <, decrement, next to yrot row five
times to change the rotation of the right knee to 25.0 degrees.
6. Repeat this exercise to set the shoulders yrot to 40.0, elbows yrot to 65.0, and wrists
xrot to +/-10.0.
Seatbelts panel
Under the vis panel, click on the shaded only icon, then the all button.
Click return to leave the vis panel.
3. Enter the seatbelt panel from the safety panel on the tool page.
4. Select the view button on the permanent menu on the right side of the menu panels and
select the restore2 button.
5. Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the yellow retractor element
(see figure).
6. Select the upper, red slipring for the to node selection box (see figure).
7. Set element size= 0.100.
8. Click mesh. When components for the wrap around: selection have not been specified,
HyperMesh creates straight belt segments between the from node and two node nodes.
Under the Display: macro button group, click on the per button next to gfx to turn
on performance graphics
Under the vis panel, click on the shaded only icon, then the all button.
Click return to leave the vis panel.
3. Enter the control vol panel from the safety panel on the tool page.
4. Select the view button on the blue permanent menu on the right side of the menu panels and
select the restore2 button.
5. Click review.
6. Select cv1 from the control volume list to display this control volumes design state in the
HyperMesh GUI window.
7. Click return to leave the control vol panel. The display of the control volume will be set
back to its initial state.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with the first exercise and
continue doing the exercises in the following order:
Load a pre-defined HyperMesh file
Select the dyna.key template
Create Control Cards for LS-DYNA
Define Cross Section Properties for LS-DYNA
Define Materials with Components for LS-DYNA
Define a HyperMesh Group: Sliding Interface for LS-DYNA
Define a Rigid Wall for LS-DYNA
Creating Boundary Conditions for LS-DYNA
Create Time Histories for LS-DYNA
Create a Cross Section for LS-DYNA
Exporting a LS-DYNA data deck from HM
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
3. Click return.
- Click the data entry field that appears under the text.
- Enter .1
This sets the output interval for cross-section-, rigid-wall, nodal time history-, global statistic-
and material output.
To define a second steel Material Type 24 using loadcurves for the nonlinear behavior:
It is necessary to define the loadcurve first. After it is defined, it is possible to choose this
loadcurve in the material definition instead of using the method described in the first section.
1. Select the Post page.
2. Select the xy plots panel.
3. Select the plots panel.
4. Click plot = and enter Materialdata.
5. Click create plot.
6. Click return.
In the next steps, combine the elements with material and cross section data.
9. Click return.
10. Select the delete panel on the Tool page.
11. Click the input collector switch and select comps.
12. Click comps and select the tmp component.
13. Click select.
14. Click delete entity.
The tmp component is deleted.
9. Click create/edit.
3. Click return.
- Click none.
- Click return.
9. Click return.
- Click none.
6. Click return.
7. Click return.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with
the first exercise and continue doing the exercises in the following order:
Load a Prepared HyperMesh File
Select the PAM-CRASH Template
Create Control Cards
Assign Element Types
Define Materials with Component Dictionaries
Define HyperMesh Groups: Sliding Interface
Define a Rigid Wall
Creating Boundary Conditions
Create Time Histories
Creating a Function
Creating a Sensor Card
Exporting a PAM-CRASH Data Deck from HyperMesh
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
4. Select the rail-dyna.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the rail-
dyna.hm file.
5. Click retrieve.
6. Click return to access the main menu.
3. Select the general template, located in the HyperMesh installation directory under
/pamcrash/general/.
HyperMesh returns to the global panel. Note that template file = now displays the location
of the general template.
NOTE The settings of the control cards influence the default values for defining materials.
No PAM-CRASH deck can be executed without error if the control card CTRL is
undefined.
3. Click return.
3. Click return.
NOTE The material collector is not used in the PAM-CRASH interface. PAM-CRASH does
not differentiate between material data and cross section data as other solvers do.
Consequently, elements have no reference to materials, which only belong to a
component. The material definition for the elements is included with this component.
Elements are located in a component (beam, bar, joint, shell). The template takes the component
ID as material ID. The card image type of the collector defines the material as 1-D material, 2-D
material, or 3-D material.
6. Click load/edit.
7. Click the switch below Material Type and select Type 102 from the pop-up menu.
NOTE Only the materials of the current dictionary (1-D, 2-D, 3-D) can be selected. The ID of
the material is given by HyperMesh with the component ID.
NOTE You can use the TAB or SHIFT TAB key on the keyboard to go to the next or
previous edit field.
3. Click the switch below creation method: and select same as from the pop-up menu.
4. Click same as = and select side.
5. Click color and select Color 10 from the pop-up menu.
6. Click create/edit.
All attributes of the card image from the side material are automatically copied into the
current component.
8. Click return.
The procedure below explains how to define a type 26 self contacting sliding interface.
NOTE It is possible to define various types of sliding interfaces. All of them, except the
SLINT42, are written as a SLINT / card. The SLINT42 type is written as the PAM 98
SLINT2/ card.
8. Select Comment.
9. Below Comment, enter This is the selfimpact interface.
NOTE If you edit this interface with the card previewer, the master and slave set and
component definition are not shown; however, they are still defined in the add
subpanel.
2. Click the switch below master: and select entity from the pop-up menu.
3. Click the switch below slave: and select entity from the pop-up menu.
4. After master:, click elems to highlight the box with the blue input cursor.
5. Select two elements on the model.
6. Click the upper right add.
7. After slave:, click nodes to highlight the box with the blue input cursor.
7. Click create.
8. Click update.
The rigid wall is now shown in the graphics area.
6. Click add.
The selected nodes are now set as slaves.
4. Click return.
5. Select the output block panel from the BCs page.
6. Click name = and enter node_thp.
7. Click the switch and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
8. Use the mouse to select a few nodes in the graphics area.
9. Click create.
The time history for nodes is now created.
To create a curve:
1. Select the xy plots panel from the Post page.
2. Click plots.
3. Click plot = and enter sensor.
4. Click create plot.
5. Click return.
6. Click edit curves.
7. Select the create subpanel.
8. Click plot = and select sensor.
9. Select math.
10. After x = type {0, 0.01, 0.1}.
11. After y = type {1, 0, 0}.
12. Click create.
4. Click write.
HM writes the deck. A message in the header bar will indicate when the process is
completed.
Since each procedure builds on the preceding section, you should start with
the first exercise and continue doing the exercises in the following order:
Creating and Defining Components, Materials and Properties
Creating and Defining Interface Elements for RADIOSS
Create and Define a Rigid Wall Entity
Creating Boundary Conditions for RADIOSS
Creating Time Histories for RADIOSS
Creating and Editing Control Cards for RADIOSS
Exporting a RADIOSS Data Deck from HM
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
A prepared model with elements and nodes is included in the /tutorials/hm/ directory. The
file name of the example is rail_crash.hm. This is the basic example on which the tutorial is
based.
4. Select the rail_crash.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
rail_crash.hm file.
5. Click retrieve.
6. Click return to access the main menu.
rail_crash.hm.
3. Select the radioss31.fix template, located in the HyperMesh installation directory under
/radioss/radioss31.fix/.
HyperMesh returns to the global panel. Note that template file = now displays the location
of the radioss31.fix template.
6. Click load/edit.
7. Below Title, enter steel.
8. Below RHO_1, enter the value 7.8e-06.
This is the density.
To define components:
1. Select the card image subpanel.
2. Click the switch after collector type: and select comps from the pop-up menu.
3. Click name = twice and select rail.
4. Click card image = and select Part from the pop-up menu.
5. Click load/edit.
NOTE: Although not a RADIOSS card, this allows you to control which property is associated
with a component. RADIOSS does not have a component concept such as HyperMesh, so
this card was created to bridge the gap. This card will not be output, but element data
associated with this component will reflect the MATNUM (material ID) and IPID (property ID)
shown here.
6. Click IPID twice and select rail_prop.
This selects the property that was created and defined earlier.
7. Click return twice to access the main menu.
The component data is now defined.
12. Click the upper elems box and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
You can also select elements individually or with any other option on the extended entity
selection menu.
7. Click create.
The rigid wall group is now created.
We will now define the rigid wall geometry.
21. Click the yellow nodes box twice and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
22. Click add.
We will now edit the RADIOSS rigid wall card.
8. Click nodes and select by window from the extended entity selection menu.
9. Use the mouse to draw a window around the nodes on the far left end of the rail.
10. Click select entities.
11. Click magnitude = and enter the value 1000.
12. Click the lower left switch and select x-axis from the pop-up menu.
13. Click create.
The velocity is now added to all nodes.
2. Click HeaderCard.
3. Below RUNAME, enter a name for the file.
4. Click return.
Repeat this procedure for any other cards you wish to update.
File export.
7. Click import.
To apply the TLOAD1 load collector card image to load collectors containing forces,
moments, and pressures:
Note: Applying the TLOAD1 card images to load collectors containing SPCs will not cause a
problem. If a load collector referenced by a TLOAD1 card image contains only SPCs, the
TLOAD1 card will not be written out for that collector.
1. Select the xy plots panel from the Post page on the main menu.
2. Select the edit curves panel.
3. Select the create subpanel.
4. Activate the x = and file radio buttons.
5. Double-click file =.
6. Select the tutorial file dytran_xydata.dat file.
To card edit the forces load collector to apply the loading curve and set the set number:
1. Select card from the permanent menu.
2. Click the entity switch next to the yellow selection box.
3. Select loadcols from the pop-up list.
4. Click on the yellow loadcols entity selection box.
5. Activate the forces check box.
6. Click select.
7. Click edit.
To change the FORCE load types to DAREA in the load types panel:
1. Select the load types panel from the BCs page on the main menu.
2. Click the force = button.
3. Select DAREA from the list of load types.
4. Click on the yellow loads entity selection box.
5. Select displayed from the pop-up window.
6. Click update.
7. Click return.
To add the elements in the shell_elems collector to the slave surface of the group:
1. Select the add subpanel on the interfaces panel.
2. Click elems and select displayed from the pop-up menu.
3. Click add to add the elements to the slave surface.
Changing the slave type in the add subpanel changes the STYPE field on the DYTRAN
CONTACT card. When type is set to entity, STYPE on the CONTACT card changes to
SURF. When type is comp, STYPE becomes PROP. When type is set and only one set
has been selected, STYPE is ELEM but STYPE is SURF if more than one set has been
selected. When STYPE is SURF, a SURFACE card will be written out with the CONTACT
card when the model is exported.
To card edit the created output block to define the output request parameters for the shell
elements:
1. Select card from the permanent menu.
2. Click the outputblocks entity selection box.
3. Activate the check box next to the shells output block.
4. Click select.
5. Click edit.
6. Activate the SAVE, TIMES, and ELEMENTS check boxes.
7. Click once in the text field next to TIMES(shells).
8. Enter 0 THRU END BY 1.e-5.
11. Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
12. Click return to exit the card panel.
11. Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
12. Click return to exit the card panel.
13. Click return to exit the output blocks panel
To use the cntl cards panel to set the TITLE, ENDTIME, ENDSTEP, SPC, and PARAM cards:
1. Select cntl cards from the BCs page on the main menu.
2. Click the TITLE control card button.
3. Click the text field next to TITLE = and enter a title.
4. Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
5. Click the ENDTIME control card button.
6. Click the number field next to ENDTIME and enter a termination time.
7. Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
8. Click the SPC control card button.
9. Click the number field next to SPC and enter 2.
10. Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
11. Click the PARAM control card button.
12. Activate the check box next to INISTEP.
13. Activate the check box next to MINSTEP.
14. Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
15. Click return to exit the control cards panel.
The element and material properties were already set in the imported NASTRAN deck and
are retained when exporting the DYTRAN deck. The element and material properties can be
modified by card editing the shell_elems component and the steel material collectors,
respectively.
Nastran
LS-Dyna
Ansys
To use the composites panel to assign the orientation angle, system or vector to the
element card:
1. Retrieve the HM database file named composites.hm.
2. Load the nastran\general template using the files\template panel.
To update all the elements to the correct element types for nastran:
1. Go to the elem types panel on the 2D page.
2. Click on the elems button and select all.
3. Click update to update the element types.
Note: For visualization purposes, HyperMesh projects the local x-axis of the selected system
onto the face of the shell elements. How each analysis code interprets this information varies.
To Undo:
1. Click reject immediately after clicking assign.
Note: The selected elements are re-assigned to the global coordinate system (id = 0) and the
panel is reset. This function assigns the ID of the coordinate system to the selected elements.
How each analysis code interprets this information varies. For visualization purposes,
HyperMesh projects the local x-axis of the selected system onto the face of the shell elements. If
you later modify the system, the element material directions change implicitly.
Figure 1
Note: This function assigns a material angle to the selected elements, which is defined as the
angle between the node1-node2 direction and the projection of the selected local axis onto the
surface of the shell element. How each analysis code interprets this information varies. For
visualization purposes, HyperMesh projects the selected axis onto the face of the shell elements.
Any changes you subsequently make to the specified system have no effect on the elements.
Note: THETA is set to 45.000. This function assigns the specified material angle, which is
defined as an angle from the node1-node2 along the surface of the shell element, to the selected
elements. How each analysis code interprets this information varies. For visualization purposes,
HyperMesh rotates the node1-node2 edge of the element around the element normal through the
defined angle.
Note: This option should be used only in situations where great care has been taken to assure
that the node1-node2 direction of the shell elements are initially aligned properly.
Note: Any elements that do not have a ply angle assigned, display the 0-degree direction as the
ply angle. Ply directions are set through card images in solver templates.