Sure 3-5

The Tafsir of Surah Al ` Imran
(Chapter 3)
Surah Al ` Imran was revealed in Al-Madinah, as evident by t he fact t hat t he first eight y-t hree
Ayat in it relat e t o t he delegat ion from Naj ran t hat arrived in Al-Madinah on t he nint h year of
Hij rah (632 CE). We will elaborat e on t his subj ect when we explain t he Ayah about t he
Mubahalah 3:61 in t his Surah, Allah willing. We should also st at e t hat we ment ioned t he
virt ues of Surah Al ` Imran along wit h t he virt ues of Surat Al-Baqarah in t he beginning of t he
Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah.
びユ͡ Β͡ェゲｚャやリ
͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやユ͡ ∇ジよ͡ ぴ
-リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ユャやぴ
ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱり∠ ヲヤｚダャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
マ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡ ∇Εゅ͡よヱ∠ マ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠
(In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful) (1. Alif-Lam-Mim.) (2. Allah! None
has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and prot ect s all
t hat exist s.) (3. It is He Who has sent down t he Book t o you wit h t rut h, confirming what came
before it . And He sent down t he Tawrah and t he Inj il,) (4. Aforet ime, as a guidance t o
mankind. And He sent down t he crit erion. Truly, t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah, for
t hem t here is a severe t orment ; and Allah is All-Might y, All-Able of Ret ribut ion.)
We ment ioned t he Hadit h in t he Tafsir of Ayat Al-Kursi 2:255 t hat ment ions t hat Allah's
Great est Name is cont ained in t hese t wo Ayat ,
びュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャやヴ
ぁエ
∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ ∠ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ
(Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One Who sust ains and
prot ect s all t hat exist s) and,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プょ
∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι
∠ ゆ
⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ
(Alif-Lam-Mim. Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Ever Living, t he One
Who sust ains and prot ect s all t hat exist s.)
We also explained t he Tafsir of,

びユャやぴ
(Alif-Lam-Mim) in t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah, and t he meaning of,
びュ⊥ ヲぁΒボ∠ ∇ャやヴ
ぁエ
∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι
(Allah! La ilaha illa Huwa, Al-Hayyul-Qayyum) in t he Tafsir of Ayat Al-Kursi. Allah's st at ement ,
びペ
あエ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ
∠ ゴｚル∠ ぴ
(It is He Who has sent down t he Book t o you wit h t rut h, ) means, revealed t he Qur'an t o you, O
Muhammad, in t rut h, meaning t here is no doubt or suspicion t hat it is revealed from Allah.
Verily, Allah revealed t he Qur'an wit h His knowledge, and t he angels t est ify t o t his fact , Allah
is sufficient as a Wit ness. Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあゅ⇔ホあギダ
∠ ョ⊥ ぴ
(Confirming what came before it ) means, from t he previous divinely revealed Books, sent t o
t he servant s and Prophet s of Allah. These Books t est ify t o t he t rut h of t he Qur'an, and t he
Qur'an also t est ifies t o t he t rut h t hese Books cont ained, including t he news and glad t idings of
Muhammad's prophet hood and t he revelat ion of t he Glorious Qur'an.
Allah said,
びり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
(And He sent down t he Tawrah) t o Musa (Musa) son of ` Imran,
びモ
∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱぴ
(And t he Inj il), t o ` Isa, son of Mary,
びモ
⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョぴ
(Aforet ime) meaning, before t he Qur'an was revealed,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤあャン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ
(As a guidance t o mankind) in t heir t ime.
びラ
∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
(And He sent down t he crit erion) which is t he dist inct ion bet ween misguidance, falsehood and
deviat ion on one hand, and guidance, t rut h and piet y on t he ot her hand. This is because of t he
indicat ions, signs, plain evidences and clear proofs t hat it cont ains, and because of it s
explanat ions, clarificat ions, et c.
Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αほ͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Truly, t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah) means t hey denied, refused and unj ust ly
rej ect ed t hem,
び∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ

(For t hem t here is a severe t orment ) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,
び∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is All-Might y) meaning, His grandeur is invincible and His sovereignt y is infinit e,
びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルやヱ⊥クぴ

(All-Able of Ret ribut ion.) from t hose who rej ect His Ayat and defy His honorable Messengers
and great Prophet s.
ヴ͡プ Ι∠ ヱ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヶ͡プ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ぴ

ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ
ｘやヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ あヲダ ∠ Α⊥ ヵ͡グャｚやヲ∠ ワ⊥ - ͡￢べ∠ヨジｚャや
びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ
∠ ∇ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι
∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠
(5. Truly, not hing is hidden from Allah, in t he eart h or in t he heaven.) (6. He it is Who shapes
you in t he wombs as He wills. None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Almight y, t he
All-Wise.)
Allah st at es t hat He has perfect knowledge in t he heavens and eart h and t hat not hing in t hem
is hidden from His wat ch.
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ
ｘやヶ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ⊥ あヲダ
∠ Α⊥ ヵ͡グャｚやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ
(He it is Who shapes you in t he wombs as He wills.) meaning, He creat es you in t he wombs as
He wills, whet her male or female, handsome or ot herwise, happy or miserable.
∠ ∇ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι
∠ぴ
(La ilaha illa Huwa (none has t he right t o be worshipped but He), t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.)
meaning, He is t he Creat or and t hus is t he only deit y wort hy of worship, wit hout part ners, and
His is t he perfect might , wisdom and decision. This Ayah refers t o t he fact t hat ` Isa, son of
Mary, is a creat ed servant , j ust as Allah creat ed t he rest of mankind. Allah creat ed ` Isa in t he
womb (of his mot her) and shaped him as He willed. Therefore, how could ` Isa be divine, as t he
Christ ians, may Allah's curses descend on t hem, claim ` Isa was creat ed in t he womb and his
creat ion changed from st age t o st age, j ust as Allah said,
ペ
∃ ∇ヤカ
∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ
∠ ∇ユ⇒⊥ムわ͡ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ ラ
͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ボ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ぴ
びゑ
∃ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ろ
∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ニ
⊥ ヴ͡プ
(He creat es you in t he wombs of your mot hers, creat ion aft er creat ion in t hree veils of
darkness.) 39:6 .
∀ろ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺン͡グャｚやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ
ヴプリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ろ ∀ ⇒∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやぁュぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥
る͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よやヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Β∠ プ∠ ∀ヒ∇Α∠コ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや Ι ｚま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よや∠ヱ
∇リョあモｘミ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ガシ ͡ ゲ∠ ャや∠ヱ
Ι∠ ゅ∠レよｚケ∠ - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ ∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι ｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚグｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ョ∠ヱゅ∠レよあケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ
マ
∠ ル⊥ギャｚリ͡ョゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∠わ∇Α∠ギ∠ワ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇パゴ͡ ゎ⊥
サ
͡ ゅｚレャやノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィマ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚケ∠ - ゆ
⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャやろ ∠ ル∠ぺマ∠ ルｚま͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠
びキ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャやブ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ガΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プょ
∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ｚュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡
(7. It is He Who has sent down t o you t he Book. In it are verses t hat are ent irely clear, t hey are
t he foundat ions of t he Book; and ot hers not ent irely clear. So as for t hose in whose heart s
t here is a deviat ion (from t he t rut h) t hey follow (only) t hat which is not ent irely clear t hereof,
seeking Al-Fit nah, and seeking it s Ta'wil, but none knows it s Ta'wil except Allah. And t hose who
are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in it ; all of it is from our Lord.'' And none
receive admonit ion except men of underst anding.) (8. (They say): "Our Lord! Let not our heart s
deviat e (from t he t rut h) aft er You have guided us, and grant us mercy from You. Truly, You are
t he Best ower.'') (9. "Our Lord! Verily, it is You Who will gat her mankind t oget her on t he Day
about which t here is no doubt . Verily, Allah never breaks His Promise.'')
The Mutashabihat and Muhkamat Ayat

Allah st at es t hat in t he Qur'an, t here are Ayat t hat are Muhkamat , ent irely clear and plain, and
t hese are t he foundat ions of t he Book which are plain for everyone. And t here are Ayat in t he
Qur'an t hat are Mut ashabihat not ent irely clear for many, or some people. So t hose who refer
t o t he Muhkam Ayat t o underst and t he Mut ashabih Ayat , will have acquired t he correct
guidance, and vice versa. This is why Allah said,
びょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやぁュぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥ ぴ
(They are t he foundat ions of t he Book), meaning, t hey are t he basis of t he Qur'an, and should
be referred t o for clarificat ion, when warrant ed,
びろ
∀ ⇒∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ
∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(And ot hers not ent irely clear) as t hey have several meanings, some t hat agree wit h t he
Muhkam and some t hat carry ot her lit eral indicat ions, alt hough t hese meaning might not be
desired.
The Muhkamat are t he Ayat t hat explain t he abrogat ing rulings, t he allowed, prohibit ed, laws,
limit s, obligat ions and rulings t hat should be believed in and implement ed. As for t he
Mut ashabihat Ayat , t hey include t he abrogat ed Ayat , parables, oat hs, and what should be
believed in, but not implement ed.
Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar comment ed on,

びろ
∀ ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぴ
(In it are verses t hat are ent irely clear) as "Cont aining proof of t he Lord, immunit y for t he
servant s and a refut at ion of opponent s and of falsehood. They cannot be changed or alt ered
from what t hey were meant for.'' He also said, "As for t he unclear Ayat , t hey can (but must not )
be alt ered and changed, and t his is a t est from Allah t o t he servant s, j ust as He t est ed t hem
wit h t he allowed and prohibit ed t hings. So t hese Ayat must not be alt ered t o imply a false
meaning or be dist ort ed from t he t rut h.''
Therefore, Allah said,
び∀ヒ∇Α∠コ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴプリ

∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(So as for t hose in whose heart s t here is a deviat ion) meaning, t hose who are misguided and
deviat e from t rut h t o falsehood,
びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョラ

∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Β∠ プ∠ ぴ
(t hey follow t hat which is not ent irely clear t hereof) meaning, t hey refer t o t he Mut ashabih,
because t hey are able t o alt er it s meanings t o conform wit h t heir false int erpret at ion since t he
wordings of t he Mut ashabihat encompass such a wide area of meanings. As for t he Muhkam
Ayat , t hey cannot be alt ered because t hey are clear and, t hus, const it ut e unequivocal proof
against t he misguided people. This is why Allah said,
びる͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よやぴ

(seeking Al-Fit nah) meaning, t hey seek t o misguide t heir following by pret ending t o prove t heir
innovat ion by relying on t he Qur'an -- t he Mut ashabih of it -- but , t his is proof against and not
for t hem. For inst ance, Christ ians might claim t hat ` Isa is divine because t he Qur'an st at es
t hat he is Ruhullah and His Word, which He gave t o Mary, all t he while ignoring Allah's
st at ement s,
びヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヨバ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハ Ι
ｚま͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ラま͡ぴ
(He ` Isa was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him.) 43:59 , and,
リ͡ョヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢モ
͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハヴ∠ジΒ͡ハモ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラｚま͡ぴ
びラ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥
(Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah is t he likeness of Adam. He creat ed him from dust ,
t hen (He) said t o him: "Be!'' and he was.) 3:59 .
There are ot her Ayat t hat clearly assert t hat ` Isa is but one of Allah's creat ures and t hat he is
t he servant and Messenger of Allah, among ot her Messengers.
びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ∠￢べ∠ピ͡わ∇よや∠ヱぴ

(And seeking for it s Ta'wil,) t o alt er t hem as t hey desire. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah
said, "The Messenger of Allah recit ed,
∀ろ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ

∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺン͡グャｚやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ
びろ ∀ ⇒∠ヰら͡ ⇒∠ゼわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやぁュぺ⊥ ｚリワ⊥
(It is He Who has sent down t o you t he Book. In it are verses t hat are ent irely clear, t hey are
t he foundat ions of t he Book; and ot hers not ent irely clear,), unt il,
びょ
͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ
∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(Men of underst anding) and he said,
ヴ∠レハ
∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヮ͡ Β͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャキ͡ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ リΑ͡グャｚやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ »
«ユ⊥ワヱ⊥ケ∠グ∇ェゅ∠プ ∩⊥ぶや
(When you see t hose who argue in it (using t he Mut ashabihat ), t hen t hey are t hose whom Allah
meant . Therefore, beware of t hem.)''
Al-Bukhari recorded a similar Hadit h in t he Tafsir of t his Ayah 3:7 , as did Muslim in t he book
of Qadar (t he Divine Will) in his Sahih, and Abu Dawud in t he Sunnah sect ion of his Sunan, from
` A'ishah; "The Messenger of Allah recit ed t his Ayah,
∀ろ⇒∠Αへヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺン͡グャｚやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ
びろ
∀ ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ
(It is He Who has sent down t o you t he Book. In it are verses t hat are ent irely clear,) unt il,
びょ
͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ
∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚグｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And none receive admonit ion except men of underst anding.)
He t hen said,
マ
∠ ゃ͡ ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ∧⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやろ
͡ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ »
«ユ⊥ワヱ⊥ケ∠グ∇ェゅ∠プ ∩⊥ぶやヴｚヨシ ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや
(When you see t hose who follow what is not so clear of t he Qur'an, t hen t hey are t hose whom
Allah described, so beware of t hem.)''
This is t he wording recorded by Al-Bukhari.
Only Allah Knows the True Ta'wil (Interpretation) of the

Mutashabihat
Allah said,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(But none knows it s Ta'wil except Allah.)
Similarly, as preceded in what has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, "Tafsir is of four t ypes:
Tafsir t hat t he Arabs know in t heir language; Tafsir t hat no one is excused of being ignorant of;
Tafsir t hat t he scholars know; and Tafsir t hat only Allah knows.'' Scholars of Qur'an recit at ion
have different opinions about pausing at Allah's Name in t his Ayah. This st op was report ed from
` A'ishah, ` Urwah, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha' and Abu Nahik.
Some pause aft er recit ing,
びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プラ

∠ ヲ⊥ガシ
͡ ゲ∠ ャや∠ヱぴ
(And t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge) saying t hat t he Qur'an does not address t he
people wit h what t hey cannot underst and. Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid said t hat Ibn ` Abbas
said, "I am among t hose who are firmly grounded in it s Ta'wil int erpret at ion.'' The Messenger of
Allah supplicat ed for t he benefit of Ibn ` Abbas,
«モΑ͡ヱ∇ほわｚャやヮ⊥ ∇ヨヤあハ
∠ ヱ∠ リ
͡ Αあギャやヶ͡プヮ⊥ ∇ヰあボプ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»
(O Allah! Best ow on him knowledge in t he religion and t each him t he Ta'wil (int erpret at ion).)
Ta'wil has t wo meanings in t he Qur'an, t he t rue realit y of t hings, and what t hey will t urn out t o
be. For inst ance, Allah said,
びモ
⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヴ⇒∠Α∇ぼケ⊥ モ
⊥ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワろ
͡ よ∠ ほ∠Α メ
∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
(And he said: "O my fat her! This is t he Ta'wil of my dream aforet ime!''.) 12:100 , and,
びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ Ι

ｚま͡ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ
⊥ レ∠Α ∇モワ∠ ぴ
(Await t hey j ust for it 's Ta'wil On t he Day (Day of Resurrect ion) it 's Ta'wil is finally
fulfillled.)(7:53) refers t o t he t rue realit y of Resurrect ion t hat t hey were t old about . If t his is
t he meaning desired in t he Ayah above 3:7 , t hen pausing aft er recit ing Allah's Name is
warrant ed, because only Allah knows t he t rue realit y of t hings. In t his case, Allah's st at ement ,

∠ ヲ⊥ガシ
(And t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge) is connect ed t o His st at ement ,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ラ

∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ
(say: "We believe in it '') If t he word Ta'wil means t he second meaning, t hat is, explaining and
describing, such as what Allah said,
びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃらあル∠ ぴ

((They said): "Inform us of t he Ta'wil of t his'') meaning it s explanat ion, t hen pausing aft er
recit ing,

∠ ヲ⊥ガシ
(And t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge) is warrant ed. This is because t he scholars
have general knowledge in, and underst and what t hey were addressed wit h, even t hough t hey
do not have knowledge of t he t rue realit y of t hings. Therefore, Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ラ

(say: "We believe in it '') describes t he conduct of t he scholars. Similarly, Allah said,
びゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ
∠ ゅ⇔ヘ∂ タ
∠ マ
⊥ ヤ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱマ
∠ よぁケ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ
(And your Lord comes, and t he angels, in rows.) 89:22 means, your Lord will come, and t he
angels will come in rows.
Allah's st at ement t hat t he knowledgeable people proclaim,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅレｚョ∠ や∠￢ラ

(We believe in it ) means, t hey believe in t he Mut ashabih.
びゅ∠レよあケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあモ

ｘミ⊥ ぴ
(all of it is from our Lord) meaning, bot h t he Muhkam and t he Mut ashabih are t rue and
aut hent ic, and each one of t hem t est ifies t o t he t rut h of t he ot her. This is because t hey bot h
are from Allah and not hing t hat comes from Allah is ever met by cont radict ion or discrepancy.
Allah said,
ゲ͡ ∇Βビ
∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ラ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カやヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギィ
∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(Do t hey not t hen consider t he Qur'an carefully Had it been from ot her t han Allah, t hey would
surely have found t herein many a cont radict ion.) 4:82 .
Allah said in his Ayah 3:7 ,
びょ
͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ
∠ や ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ミｚグｚ ∠Α ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And none receive admonit ion except men of underst anding. ) meaning, t hose who have good
minds and sound comprehension, underst and, cont emplat e and comprehend t he meaning in t he
correct manner. Furt her, Ibn Al-Mundhir recorded in his Tafsir t hat Nafi` bin Yazid said, "Those
firmly grounded in knowledge are t hose who are modest for Allah's sake, humbly seek His
pleasure, and do not exaggerat e regarding t hose above t hem, or belit t le t hose below t hem.''
Allah said t hat t hey supplicat e t o t heir Lord,
びゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇パゴ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι

∠ ゅ∠レよｚケ∠ ぴ
(Our Lord! Let not our heart s deviat e (from t he t rut h) aft er You have guided us.) meaning, "Do
not deviat e our heart s from t he guidance aft er You allowed t hem t o acquire it . Do not make us
like t hose who have wickedness in t heir heart s, t hose who follow t he Mut ashabih in t he Qur'an.
Rat her, make us remain firmly on Your st raight pat h and t rue religion.''
びマ
∠ ル⊥ギャｚリ͡ョゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And grant us from Ladunka) meaning, from You,
びる⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ぴ
(Mercy) wit h which You make our heart s firm, and increase in our Fait h and cert aint y,
びゆ
⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャやろ
∠ ル∠ぺマ
∠ ルｚま͡ぴ
(Truly, You are t he Best ower)
Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Umm Salamah said t hat t he Prophet used t o
supplicat e,
«マ͡レΑ͡キヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヶ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ ∇ろらあを∠ ゆ
͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャやょ
∠ ヤあボ∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠Α»
(O You Who changes t he heart s, make my heart firm on Your religion.)
He t hen recit ed,
リ͡ョゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ょワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇パゴ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レよｚケ∠ ぴ
びゆ ⊥ ゅｚワヲ∠ ∇ャやろ∠ ル∠ぺマ ∠ ルｚま͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ マ
∠ ル⊥ギャｚ
("Our Lord! Let not our heart s deviat e (from t he t rut h) aft er You have guided us, and grant us
mercy from You. Truly, You are t he Best ower.'') The Ayah cont inues,
びヮ͡ Β͡プょ
∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι
ｚュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィマ
∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚケ∠ ぴ
("Our Lord! Verily, it is You Who will gat her mankind t oget her on t he Day about which t here is
no doubt '') meaning, t hey say in t heir supplicat ion: O our Lord! You will gat her Your creat ion on
t he Day of Ret urn, j udge bet ween t hem and decide over what t hey disput ed about . Thereaft er,
You will reward or punish each according t o t he deeds t hey did in t his life.
Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヴ ∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ
- ケ͡ ゅｚレャやキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョあユ⊥ワギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠
ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚミ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱラ∠ ∇ヲハ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ ͡ や∠￢ゆ ͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠
びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャやギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ グ∠ カ
∠ ほ∠プ∠
n(10. Verily, t hose who disbelieve, neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem
what soever against Allah; and it is t hey who will be fuel of t he Fire.) (11. Like t he behavior of
t he people of Fir` awn and t hose before t hem; t hey belied Our Ayat . So Allah punished t hem for
t heir sins. And Allah is severe in punishment .)
On the Day of Resur Allah st at es t hat t he disbelievers shall be fuel for t he Fire,
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ

∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι
∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
びケ͡ やｚギャや￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ
(The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and
t heirs will be t he evil abode (i.e. painful t orment in Hell-fire).) 40:52 .
Furt her, what t hey were grant ed in t his life of wealt h and offspring shall not avail t hem wit h
Allah, or save t hem from His punishment and severe t orment . Similarly, Allah said,
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ

∠ ∇らイ
͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ
∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺペ
∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあバ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ
(So let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you; in realit y Allah's plan is t o punish t hem
wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart (die) while t hey are
disbelievers.) 9:55 , and,
∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚゲｚピ⊥ ∠Α Ι

∠ぴ
びキ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャやザ
∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ
(Let not t he free disposal (and affluence) of t he disbelievers t hroughout t he land deceive you.
A brief enj oyment ; t hen, t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .)
3:196, 197 .
Allah said in t his Ayah 3:10 ,
び∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t hose who disbelieve) meaning, disbelieved in Allah's Ayat , denied His Messengers,
defied His Books and did not benefit from His revelat ion t o His Prophet s,
ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョあユ⊥ワギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ヴ
∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ リ∠ャぴ
びケ͡ ゅｚレャやキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠
(Neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem what soever against Allah; and it is
t hey who will be fuel of t he Fire.) meaning, t hey will be t he wood wit h which t he Fire is
kindled and fed. Similarly, Allah said,
びユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ょ
⊥ ダ
∠ ェ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ぴ
(Cert ainly you (disbelievers) and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but )
fuel for Hell!) 21:98 .
Allah said next ,
びラ
∠ ∇ヲハ
∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ
͡ や∠￢ゆ
͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
(Like t he Da'b of t he people of Fira` wn.) Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah
means, "Like t he behavior of t he people of Fir` awn.'' This is t he same Tafsir of ` Ikrimah,
Muj ahid, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, and ot hers. Ot her scholars said t hat t he Ayah means, "Like t he
pract ice, conduct , likeness of t he people of Fir` awn.'' These meanings are all plausible, for t he
Da'b means pract ice, behavior, t radit ion and habit . The Ayah indicat es t hat t he disbelievers
will not benefit from t heir wealt h or offspring. Rat her, t hey will perish and be punished. This is
t he same end t he people of Fir` awn and t he previous nat ions met , t hose who rej ect ed t he
Messengers, t he Ayat , and proofs of Allah t hat t hey were sent wit h.
びゆ
͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャやギ⊥ Α͡ギセ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is severe in punishment .) meaning, His punishment is severe and His t orment is
painful. None can escape Allah's grasp, nor does anyt hing escape His knowledge. Allah does
what He wills and prevails over all t hings, it is He t o Whom everyt hing is humbled and t here is
no deit y wort hy of worship, nor any Lord except Him.
ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ

∠ ヲ⊥らヤ∠∇ピわ⊥ シ
∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
ゅ∠わボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャやリ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヶ͡プ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャやザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ り∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プモ ⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ る∀ ゃ∠ プ͡
￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ あΑぽ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱリ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャやン
∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ
びゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プラｚま͡
(12. Say t o t hose who disbelieve: "You will be defeat ed and gat hered t oget her t o Hell, and
worst indeed is t hat place of rest .'') (13. There has already been a sign for you in t he t wo
armies t hat met . One was fight ing in t he cause of Allah, and as for t he ot her, in disbelief. They
saw t hem wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number. And Allah support s wit h His aid whom He
wills. Verily, in t his is a lesson for t hose who underst and.)
On the Day of Resurrection, No Wealth or Offspring Shall Avail
Allah st at es t hat t he disbelievers shall be fuel for t he Fire,
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ

∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι
∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
びケ͡ やｚギャや￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ
(The Day when t heir excuses will be of no profit t o wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and
t heirs will be t he evil abode (i.e. painful t orment in Hell-fire).) 40:52 .
Furt her, what t hey were grant ed in t his life of wealt h and offspring shall not avail t hem wit h
Allah, or save t hem from His punishment and severe t orment . Similarly, Allah said,
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Αゲ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ
∠ ∇らイ
͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ
∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺペ
∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあバ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ
(So let not t heir wealt h nor t heir children amaze you; in realit y Allah's plan is t o punish t hem
wit h t hese t hings in t he life of t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart (die) while t hey are
disbelievers.) 9:55 , and,

∠ぴ
(Let not t he free disposal (and affluence) of t he disbelievers t hroughout t he land deceive you.
A brief enj oyment ; t hen, t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .)
3:196, 197 .
Allah said in t his Ayah 3:10 ,
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t hose who disbelieve) meaning, disbelieved in Allah's Ayat , denied His Messengers,
defied His Books and did not benefit from His revelat ion t o His Prophet s,
ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ョあユ⊥ワギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ヴ
びケ͡ ゅｚレャやキ⊥ ヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺヱ∠
(Neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem what soever against Allah; and it is
t hey who will be fuel of t he Fire.) meaning, t hey will be t he wood wit h which t he Fire is
kindled and fed. Similarly, Allah said,
びユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ょ
⊥ ダ
∠ ェ
∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ぴ
(Cert ainly you (disbelievers) and t hat which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but )
fuel for Hell!) 21:98 .
Allah said next ,
びラ
∠ ∇ヲハ
∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ
͡ や∠￢ゆ
͡ ∇ぺギ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
(Like t he Da'b of t he people of Fira` wn.) Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah
means, "Like t he behavior of t he people of Fir` awn.'' This is t he same Tafsir of ` Ikrimah,
Muj ahid, Abu Malik, Ad-Dahhak, and ot hers. Ot her scholars said t hat t he Ayah means, "Like t he
pract ice, conduct , likeness of t he people of Fir` awn.'' These meanings are all plausible, for t he
Da'b means pract ice, behavior, t radit ion and habit . The Ayah indicat es t hat t he disbelievers
will not benefit from t heir wealt h or offspring. Rat her, t hey will perish and be punished. This is
t he same end t he people of Fir` awn and t he previous nat ions met , t hose who rej ect ed t he
Messengers, t he Ayat , and proofs of Allah t hat t hey were sent wit h.
びゆ
(And Allah is severe in punishment .) meaning, His punishment is severe and His t orment is
painful. None can escape Allah's grasp, nor does anyt hing escape His knowledge. Allah does
what He wills and prevails over all t hings, it is He t o Whom everyt hing is humbled and t here is
no deit y wort hy of worship, nor any Lord except Him.
ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ

∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
ゅ∠わボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャやリ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヶ͡プ ∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャやザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ り∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プモ ⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ る∀ ゃ∠ プ͡
￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ あΑぽ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱリ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャやン
∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ
びゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プラｚま͡
(12. Say t o t hose who disbelieve: "You will be defeat ed and gat hered t oget her t o Hell, and
worst indeed is t hat place of rest .'') (13. There has already been a sign for you in t he t wo
armies t hat met . One was fight ing in t he cause of Allah, and as for t he ot her, in disbelief. They
saw t hem wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number. And Allah support s wit h His aid whom He
wills. Verily, in t his is a lesson for t hose who underst and.)
Threatening the Jews With Defeat and Encouraging Them to Learn

a Lesson From the Battle of Badr
Allah commanded t he Prophet Muhammad t o proclaim t o t he disbelievers,
びラ
∠ぴ
(You will be defeat ed) in t his life,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ
∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And gat hered t oget her) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,
∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ぴ
(t o Hell, and worst indeed is t hat place of rest )
Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar recorded t hat ` Asim bin ` Umar bin Qat adah said t hat when t he
Messenger of Allah gained vict ory in t he bat t le of Badr and went back t o Al-Madinah, he
gat hered t he Jews in t he market place of Bani Qaynuqa` .
Therefore, Allah said,
び∀る∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ
(There has already been a sign for you) meaning, O Jews, who said what you said! You have an
Ayah, meaning proof, t hat Allah will make His religion prevail, award vict ory t o His Messenger,
make His Word apparent and His religion t he highest .
びリ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ ヶ͡プぴ
(In t he t wo armies) meaning, t wo camps,
びゅ∠わボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャやぴ
(t hat met ) in combat (in Badr),
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プモ
⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ る∀ ゃ∠ プ͡ ぴ
(One was fight ing in t he Cause of Allah) t he Muslims,
びり∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ

(And as for t he ot her, in disbelief) meaning, t he idolat ors of Quraysh at Badr. Allah's
st at ement ,
びリ
͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャやン
∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ぴ
(They saw t hem wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number) means, t he idolat ors t hought t hat t he
Muslims were t wice as many as t hey were, for Allah made t his illusion a fact or in t he vict ory
t hat Islam had over t hem.
It was said t hat t he meaning of Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャやン
∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ぴ
(They saw t hem wit h t heir own eyes t wice t heir number) is t hat t he Muslims saw t wice as many
idolat ors as t hey were, yet Allah gave t hem vict ory over t he disbelievers. ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud
said, "When we looked at t he disbelievers' forces, we found t hat t hey were t wice as many as
we were. When we looked at t hem again, we t hought t hey did not have one man more t han we
had. So Allah's st at ement ,
Κ
⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βボ∠ わ∠ ∇ャやク͡ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨム⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥あヤボ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠
(And (remember) when you met , He showed t hem t o you as few in your eyes and He made you
appear as few in t heir eyes.) 8:44 ''.
When t he t wo camps saw each ot her, t he Muslims t hought t hat t he idolat ors were t wice as
many as t hey were, so t hat t hey would t rust in Allah and seek His help. The idolat ors t hought
t hat t he believers were t wice as many as t hey were, so t hat t hey would feel fear, horror, fright
and despair. When t he t wo camps st ood in lines and met in bat t le, Allah made each camp look
smaller in t he eyes of t he ot her camp, so t hat t hey would be encouraged t o fight each ot her,
びΙ
⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミや⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヶ
∠ツ
͡ ∇ボΒ∠ ャあぴ
(so t hat Allah might accomplish a mat t er already ordained.) 8:42 meaning, so t hat t he t rut h
and falsehood are dist inguishable, and t hus t he word of fait h prevails over disbelief and
deviat ion, so t hat t he believers prevail and t he disbelievers are humiliat ed. In a similar
st at ement , Allah said;
びる∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ

∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force)
3:123 . In t his Ayah 3:13 Allah said,
り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇らバ͡ ャ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プラ
ｚま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ギ⊥ あΑぽ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
びゲ͡ ⇒∠ダ∇よΙ ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱΙ
(And Allah support s wit h His vict ory whom He wills. Verily, in t his is a lesson for t hose who
underst and.) meaning, t his should be an example for t hose who have int elligence and sound
comprehension. They should cont emplat e about Allah's wisdom, decisions and decree, t hat He
gives vict ory t o His believing servant s in t his life and on t he Day t he wit nesses st and up t o
t est ify.
リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ￢べ∠ジレ∂ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ヰゼｚャやぁょェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅレｚヤ͡ャリ ∠ Α∂ コ⊥ ぴ

モ ͡ ∇Βガ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱる͡ ツｚヘ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱょ ͡ ワ∠ グｚャやリ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ ト
∠ レ∠ボヨ⊥ ∇ャやゲ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠レボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
り͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャやノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クゐ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙや∠ヱる͡ ョ∠ ヲｚジ ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや
ゲ∃ ∇Βガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ ∂らル∠ ぼ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ -ゆ͡ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャやリ⊥ ∇ジェ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
リ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ͡ よ∂ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚやリ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡クリ∂ョ
り∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚト
∠ ョぁ ∀ァヱ∇コ∠ぺ∠ヱゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギャ͡ゅ⇒∠カケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ル∇Ιやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ
Vキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ∂ ∀ラヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱ
(14. Beaut ified for men is t he love of t hings t hey covet ; women, children, Qanat ir Al-
Muqant arah of gold and silver, branded beaut iful horses (Musawwamah), cat t le and fert ile
land. This is t he pleasure of t he present world's life; but Allah has t he excellent ret urn wit h
Him.) (15. Say: "Shall I inform you of t hings far bet t er t han t hose For t hose who have Taqwa
t here are Gardens (Paradise) wit h t heir Lord, underneat h which rivers flow. Therein (is t heir)
et ernal (home) and Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es or wives). And Allah will be pleased
wit h t hem. And Allah is All-Seer of t he servant s.'')
The True Value of This Earthly Life

Allah ment ions t he delight s t hat He put in t his life for people, such as women and children, and
He st art ed wit h women, because t he t est wit h t hem is more t empt ing. For inst ance, t he Sahih
recorded t hat t he Messenger said,
リ
∠ ョ͡ メ
͡ ゅ∠ィゲあャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゲｚッ
∠ ぺ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヵ͡ギ∇バよ∠ ろ
⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
«￢ゅ∠ジレあャや
(I did not leave behind me a t est more t empt ing t o men t han women.)
When one enj oys women for t he purpose of having children and preserving his chast it y, t hen he
is encouraged t o do so. There are many Hadit hs t hat encourage get t ing married, such as,
«￢ゅ∠ジル͡ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ る͡ ョｚほ⊥∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ワゲ∠ ∇Βカ
∠ ラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ »
(Verily, t he best members of t his Ummah are t hose who have t he most wives) He also said,
«る∠エャ͡ゅｚダャやり⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヰハ

͡ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ネゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや»
(This life is a delight , and t he best of it s delight is a right eous wife)
The Prophet said in anot her Hadit h,
ヶ͡レ∇Βハ
∠ り⊥ ｚゲホ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ
⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ょΒあトャや∠ヱ￢⊥ ゅ∠ジレあャやヶ
ｚャ∠ま͡ ょ
∠ らあェ
⊥»
«りゅ∠ヤダｚャやヶ͡プ
(I was made t o like women and perfume, and t he comfort of my eye is t he prayer.)
` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said, "Not hing was more beloved t o t he Messenger of
Allah t han women, except horses,'' and in anot her narrat ion, "...t han horses except women.''
The desire t o have children is somet imes for t he purpose of pride and boast ing, and as such, is
a t empt at ion. When t he purpose for having children is t o reproduce and increase t he Ummah of
Muhammad wit h t hose who worship Allah alone wit hout part ners, t hen it is encouraged and
praised. A Hadit h st at es,
ユ∠ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ∀ゲを͡ ゅ∠ムョ⊥ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩∠キヲ⊥ャヲ∠ ∇ャやキ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ∠ ∇ャややヲ⊥ィヱｚゴ∠ ゎ∠ »

«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠
(Marry t he Wadud (kind) and Walud (fert ile) woman, for I will compare your numbers t o t he
rest of t he nat ions on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)
The desire of wealt h somet imes result s out of arrogance, and t he desire t o dominat e t he weak
and cont rol t he poor, and t his conduct is prohibit ed. Somet imes, t he want for more money is
for t he purpose of spending it on act s of worship, being kind t o t he family, t he relat ives, and
spending on various act s of right eousness and obedience; t his behavior is praised and
encouraged in t he religion.
Scholars of Tafsir have conflict ing opinions about t he amount of t he Qint ar, all of which
indicat e t hat t he Qint ar is a large amount of money, as Ad-Dahhak and ot her scholars said. Abu
Hurayrah said "The Qint ar is t welve t housand Uwqiyah, each Uwqiyah is bet t er t han what is
bet ween t he heavens and eart h.'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir .
The desire t o have horses can be one of t hree t ypes. Somet imes, owners of horses collect t hem
t o be used in t he cause of Allah, and when warrant ed, t hey use t heir horses in bat t le. This t ype
of owner shall be rewarded for t his good act ion. Anot her t ype collect s horses t o boast , and out
of enmit y t o t he people of Islam, and t his t ype earns a burden for his behavior. Anot her t ype
collect s horses t o fulfill t heir needs and t o collect t heir offspring, and t hey do not forget Allah's
right due on t heir horses. This is why in t his case, t hese horses provide a shield of sufficiency
for t heir owner, as evident by a Hadit h t hat we will ment ion, Allah willing, when we explain
ヅ
͡ ゅ∠よケ∂ リ͡ョヱ∠ り∃ ヲｚホ⊥ リ∂ョユ⊥わ∇バト
∠ わ∠ ∇シやゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヱぁギハ
͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びモ
͡ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャや
(And make ready against t hem all you can of power, including st eeds of war.) 8:60 .
As for t he Musawwamah horses, Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t hey are t he branded, beaut iful horses.
This is t he same explanat ion of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Abdur-Rahman bin
` Abdullah bin Abza, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and Abu Sinan and ot hers. Makhul said t he
Musawwamah refers t o t he horse wit h a whit e spot t ed faced, and t he horse wit h whit e feet .
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゲ∃ ∇イプ∠ あモミ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ

∠ サ ∃ ゲ∠ プ∠ ∇リョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠»
ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇ャヲｚカ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ
͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハギ∠ よ͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α
ょｚェ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョょあェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ
«ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠
(Every Arabian horse is allowed t o have t wo supplicat ions every dawn, and t he horse
supplicat es, ` O Allah! You made me subservient t o t he son of Adam. Therefore, make me
among t he dearest of his wealt h and household t o him, or, ...make me t he dearest of his
household and wealt h t o him.)
びユ⊥ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ
ｘや∠ヱぴ
(Cat t le) means, camels, cows and sheep.
びゐ
͡ ∇ゲエ
∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(And fert ile land) meaning, t he land t hat is used t o farm and grow plant s.
Allah t hen said,
びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
(This is t he pleasure of t he present world's life) Ymeaning, t hese are t he delight s of t his life
and it s short lived j oys,
びゆ
͡ ほ∠ヨ∠ ∇ャやリ
⊥ ∇ジェ
⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(But Allah has t he excellent ret urn wit h Him) meaning, t he best dest inat ion and reward.
The Reward of the Those Who Have Taqwa is Better Than All Joys
of This World
This is why Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ リあョゲ∃ ∇Βガ

∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぼ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Shall I inform you of t hings far bet t er t han t hose'')
This Ayah means, "Say, O Muhammad, t o t he people, ` Should I t ell you about what is bet t er
t han t he delight s and j oys of t his life t hat will soon perish''' Allah informed t hem of what is
bet t er when He said,
ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚやリ

∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ぴ
びケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルΙ
ｘや
(For t hose who have Taqwa t here are Gardens (Paradise) wit h t heir Lord, underneat h which
rivers flow) meaning, rivers run t hroughout it . These rivers carry various t ypes of drinks: honey,
milk, wine and wat er such t hat no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard, and no heart has
ever imagined,
びべ∠ヰΒ͡プリ
∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カぴ
(Therein (is t heir) et ernal (home)) meaning, t hey shall remain in it forever and ever and will
not want t o be removed from it .
びり∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚト
∠ ョぁァ
∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es or wives)) meaning, from filt h, dirt , harm,
menst ruat ion, post birt h bleeding, and ot her t hings t hat affect women in t his world.
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョあラ
∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah will be pleased wit h t hem) meaning, Allah's pleasure will descend on t hem and He
shall never be angry wit h t hem aft er t hat . This is why Allah said in in Surah Bara` ah,
びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ

∠ ョあラ
∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(But t he pleasure of Allah is great er) 9:72 , meaning, great er t han t he et ernal delight t hat He
has grant ed t hem. Allah t hen said,
びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah is All-Seer of t he (His) servant s) and, He gives each provisions according t o what
t hey deserve.
ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢べ∠レルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚケ∠ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
リ
∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや - ケ͡ ゅｚレャやゆ ∠ や∠グハ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠
びケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇シΙ ｘゅ͡よリ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱリ
∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ レ⊥ヨ∇ャや∠ヱリ
∠ Β͡わレ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ
(16. Those who say: "Our Lord! We have indeed believed, so forgive us our sins and save us
from t he punishment of t he Fire.'') (17. (They are) t he pat ient , t he t rue believers, and obedient
wit h sincere devot ion in worship t o Allah. Those who spend in good and t hose who pray and
beg Allah's pardon in t he last hours of t he night .)
The Supplication and Description of Al-Muttaqin

Allah describes t he Mut t aqin, His pious servant s, whom He promised t remendous rewards,
びゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢べ∠レルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚケ∠ ラ

∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
(Those who say: "Our Lord! We have indeed believed'') in You, Your Book and Your Messenger.
びゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プぴ
(so forgive us our sins) because of our fait h in You and in what You legislat ed for us. Therefore,
forgive us our errors and short comings, wit h Your bount y and mercy,
びケ͡ ゅｚレャやゆ
∠ や∠グハ
∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and save us from t he punishment of t he Fire.)
Allah t hen said,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャやぴ
((They are) t hose who are pat ient ) while performing act s of obedience and abandoning t he
prohibit ions.
びリ
∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ
(t hose who are t rue) concerning t heir proclamat ion of fait h, by performing t he difficult deeds.
び∠リΒ͡わ͡レ⇒∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and obedient ) meaning, t hey submit and obey Allah,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(t hose who spend) from t heir wealt h on all t he act s of obedience t hey were commanded, being
kind t o kit h and kin, helping t he needy, and comfort ing t he dest it ut e.
びケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇シΙ
ｘゅ͡よリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and t hose who pray and beg Allah's pardon in t he last hours of t he night ) and t his t est ifies t o
t he virt ue of seeking Allah's forgiveness in t he lat t er part of t he night . It was report ed t hat
when Ya` qub said t o his children,
びヴあよケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ フ

∠ ∇ヲシ
∠ぴ
(I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you) 12:98 he wait ed unt il t he lat t er part of t he night
t o say his supplicat ion.
Furt hermore, t he Two Sahihs, t he Musnad and Sunan collect ions recorded t hrough several
Companions t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
￢͡ ゅ∠ヨシ
∠ ヴャま͡ る∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ あモミ⊥ ヶ͡プヴャゅ∠バ∠ゎ∠ヱポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ »
∇モワ∠ :メ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ゲ͡カべ∇ャやモ͡ ∇Βヤｚャやゑ
⊥ ヤ⊥を⊥ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
∨⊥ヮャ∠ ょ
∠ Β͡イわ∠ ∇シほ∠プ∠ ネ∃ や∠キ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠ ∨⊥ヮΒ∠ ト ͡ ∇ハほ⊥プ∠ モ ∃ も͡ ゅ∠シ ∇リョ͡
«∨⊥ヮャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇モワ∠
(Every night , when t he last t hird of it remains, our Lord, t he Blessed, t he Superior, descends t o
t he lowest heaven saying, "Is t here anyone t o ask Me, so t hat I may grant him his request Is
t here anyone t o invoke Me, so t hat I may respond t o his invocat ion Is t here anyone seeking My
forgiveness, so t hat I may forgive him'')
The Two Sahihs recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah performed Wit r during t he
first part , t he middle and lat t er part s of t he night . Then, lat er (in his life), he would perform it
(only) during t he lat t er part .'' ` Abdullah bin ` Umar used t o pray during t he night and would
ask, "O Nafi` ! Is it t he lat t er part of t he night yet '' and if Nafi` said, "Yes,'' Ibn ` Umar would
st art supplicat ing t o Allah and seeking His forgiveness unt il dawn. This Hadit h was collect ed by
Ibn Abi Hat im.
∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι

∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやギ∠ ヰ͡ セ ∠ぴ
ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι
∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よゅ⇔ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや
リ∠ Α͡グャｚやブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ ͡ やヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハリ ∠ Αあギャやラｚま͡ -
ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べィ∠ ゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚま͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ
ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャヴ ∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠ェ ∇ラみ∠プ - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや
リ
∠ ΒあΒョあ Ιｙや∠ヱょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ͡ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠
ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワやギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠
びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャやマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
(18. Allah bears wit ness t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He, and t he angels, and
t hose having knowledge (also bear wit ness t o t his); (He always) maint ains His creat ion in
j ust ice. None has t he right t o be worshipped but He, t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) (19. Truly,
t he religion wit h Allah is Islam. Those who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) did
not differ except out of rivalry, aft er knowledge had come t o t hem. And whoever disbelieves in
t he Ayat of Allah, t hen surely, Allah is Swift in reckoning.) (20. So if t hey disput e wit h you say:
"I have submit t ed myself t o Allah, and (so have) t hose who follow me.'' And say t o t hose who
were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) and t o t hose who are illit erat e (Arab pagans):
"Do you (also) submit yourselves'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided; but if t hey t urn away, your
dut y is only t o convey t he Message; and Allah sees t he servant s.)
The Testimony of Tawhid

Allah bears wit ness, and verily, Allah is sufficient as a Wit ness, and He is t he Most Trut hful and
Just Wit ness t here is; His st at ement is t he absolut e t rut h,
びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ぴ
(t hat La ilaha illa Huwa) meaning, He Alone is t he Lord and God of all creat ion; everyone and
everyt hing are His servant s, creat ion and in need of Him. Allah is t he Most Rich, Free from
needing anyone or anyt hing. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
びマ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ
͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャぴ
(But Allah bears wit ness t o t hat which He has sent down (t he Qur'an) unt o you (O Muhammad ))
4:166 .
Allah t hen ment ioned t he t est imony of His angels and t hose who have knowledge aft er he
ment ioned His own t est imony,
∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι

∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ∠ ヰ͡ セ
∠ぴ
びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや
(Allah bears wit ness t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but He), and t he angels, and
t hose having knowledge (also bear wit ness t o t his)). This Ayah emphasizes t he great virt ue of
t hose who have knowledge.
びテ
͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よゅ⇔ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホぴ
((He) maint ains His creat ion in j ust ice) in all t hat He does,
びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι
∠ぴ
(None has t he right t o be worshipped but He) t hus emphasizing t his fact ,
∠ ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ャやぴ
(t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) t he Might y t hat does not submit t o weakness due t o His might and
great ness, t he Wise in all His st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion and decrees.
The Religion with Allah is Islam

Allah said,
びユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ
͡ やヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハリ
∠ Αあギャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Truly, t he religion wit h Allah is Islam.) Allah st at es t hat t here is no religion accept ed wit h Him
from any person, except Islam. Islam includes obeying all of t he Messengers unt il Muhammad
who finalized t heir commission, t hus closing all pat hs t o Allah except t hrough Muhammad .
Therefore, aft er Allah sent Muhammad , whoever meet s Allah following a pat h ot her t han
Muhammad's, it will not be accept ed of him. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ
∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ
͡ やゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever seeks a religion ot her t han Islam, it will never be accept ed of him) 3:85 .
In t his Ayah 3:19 , Allah said, assert ing t hat t he only religion accept ed wit h Him is Islam,
びユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ
͡ やヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハリ
∠ Αあギャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Truly, t he religion wit h Allah is Islam.)
Allah t hen st at es t hat t hose who were given t he Script ure beforehand divided in t he religion
aft er Allah sent t he Messengers and revealed t he Books t o t hem providing t hem t he necessary
proofs t o not do so. Allah said,
ゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι
ｚま͡ ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやブ ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ⇔Β∇ピよ∠ ユ⊥ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ
(Those who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) did not differ except out of rivalry,
aft er knowledge had come t o t hem.) meaning, some of t hem wronged ot hers. Therefore, t hey
differed over t he t rut h, out of envy, hat red and enmit y for each ot her. This hat red made some
of t hem defy t hose whom t hey hat ed even if t hey were correct . Allah t hen said,
͡ ⇒Α∠ べ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever disbelieves in t he Ayat of Allah) meaning, whoever rej ect s what Allah sent down
in His Book,
びゆ
͡ ゅ∠ジエ
͡ ∇ャやノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(t hen surely, Allah is Swift in reckoning.) Allah will punish him for his rej ect ion, reckon him for
his denial, and t orment him for defying His Book. Thereaft er, Allah said.
びポ
∠ ヲぁィべ∠ェ ∇ラみ∠プぴ
(So if t hey disput e wit h you (Muhammad )) so if t hey argue wit h you about Tawhid,
びリ
͡ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ
͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャヴ
∠ ヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ろ
⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(Say: "I have submit t ed myself t o Allah (in Islam), and (so have) t hose who follow me'')
meaning, Say, ` I have made my worship sincere for Allah Alone wit hout part ners, rivals,
offspring or companion,
びリ
͡ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ
͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hose who follow me) who followed my religion and embraced my creed.' In anot her Ayah,
Allah said,
∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡ダよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ヲ⊥ハ∇キぺ∠ ヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ
∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
びヴ͡レバ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ
͡ ョ∠ ヱ∠
(Say (O Muhammad ): "This is my way; I invit e unt o Allah wit h sure knowledge, I and whosoever
follows me...'') 12:108 .
Islam is the Religion of Mankind and the Prophet Was Sent to all
Mankind
Allah commanded His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , t o call t he People of t he Two
Script ures and t he unlet t ered idolat ors t o his religion, way, Law and all t hat Allah sent him
wit h. Allah said,
∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ リ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ιｙや∠ヱょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャやマ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱｚ ∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワやギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠
(And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) and t o t hose who are
illit erat es (Arab pagans): "Do you (also) submit yourselves'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided;
but if t hey t urn away, your dut y is only t o convey t he Message.) meaning, t heir reckoning is
wit h Allah and t heir ret urn and final dest inat ion is t o Him. It is He Who guides whom He wills
and allows whom He wills t o st ray, and He has t he perfect wisdom and t he unequivocal proof
for all of t his. This is why Allah said,
びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah sees t he servant s.) for He has perfect knowledge of who deserves t o be guided and
who does not deserve t o be guided. Verily,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ
⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚヨハ
∠ メ
⊥ ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ Ι
∠ぴ
(He cannot be quest ioned for what He does, while t hey will be quest ioned.) 21:23 because of
His perfect wisdom and mercy. This and similar Ayat are clear proofs t hat t he Message of
Muhammad is universal t o all creat ion, as it is well est ablished in t he religion, according t o t he
various t ext s of t he Book and Sunnah. For inst ance, Allah said,
びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやメ
⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴあルま͡ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say (O Muhammad ): "O mankind! Verily, I am sent t o you all as t he Messenger of Allah.'')
7:158 , and,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ャ͡ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ホ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ャやメ
∠ ゴｚル∠ ン͡グャｚやポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲΑ͡グル∠ リ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャ͡
(Blessed be He Who sent down t he crit erion t o His servant t hat he may be a warner t o t he
` Alamin (mankind and Jinn).) 25:1 .
The Two Sahihs and ot her collect ions of Hadit h recorded t hat t he Prophet sent let t ers t o t he
kings of t he eart h during his t ime and t o different peoples, Arabs and non-Arabs, People of t he
Book and t he unlet t ered, j ust as Allah had commanded him. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat
Ma` mar said, t hat Hammam said t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,
ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡よノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ»

∇リョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ れ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩ｘヶル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヵｘキ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ :る͡ ョｚほ⊥∇ャや
«ケゅｚレャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ろ
⊥ ∇ヤシ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ
(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! No member of t his Ummah, no Jew or Christ ian, hears of me
but dies wit hout believing in what I was sent wit h, but will be among t he people of t he Fire.)
Muslim recorded t his Hadit h.
The Prophet said,
«キ∠ヲ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱゲ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ろ

⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ »
(I was sent t o t he red and black. ) and,
ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ
⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⇔るタ
ｚゅ∠カヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡まゑ
⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ
ぁら͡ レｚャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ»
«るｚョゅ∠ハサ ͡ ゅｚレャや
(A Prophet used t o be sent t o his people, but I was sent t o all mankind.)
リ
∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
リ
∠ ョ͡ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ
ｙェ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやマ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ - ユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ワ∇ゲゼあら∠ プ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや
リあョユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘや∠ヱゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ
∠
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲダ
͡ ⇒ｚル
(21. Verily, t hose who disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah and kill t he Prophet s wit hout right , and
kill t hose men who order j ust dealings, t hen announce t o t hem a painful t orment .) (22. They
are t hose whose works will be lost in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will have no
helpers.)
Chastising the Jews for Their Disbelief and for Killing the Prophets
and Righteous People
This Ayah chast ises t he People of t he Book for t he t ransgression and prohibit ions t hey
commit t ed by t heir denials in t he past and more recent t imes, of Allah's Ayat and t he
Messengers. They did t his due t o t heir defiance and rej ect ion of t he Messengers, denial of t he
t rut h and refusal t o follow it . They also killed many Prophet s when t hey conveyed t o t hem
what Allah legislat ed for t hem, wit hout cause or criminal behavior commit t ed by t hese
Prophet s, for t hey only called t hem t o t he t rut h,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレャやリ
∠ ョ͡ テ
͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And kill t hose men who order j ust dealings) t hus, demonst rat ing t he worst t ype of arrogance.
Indeed, t he Prophet said,
«サゅｚレャやテ
⊥ ∇ヨビ
∠ ヱ∠ ペ
あエ∠ ∇ャやゲ⊥ ト
∠ よ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇らム͡ ∇ャや»
(Kibr (arrogance) is refusing t he t rut h and degrading people)
This is why when t hey rej ect ed t he t rut h and act ed arrogant ly t owards t he creat ion, Allah
punished t hem wit h humiliat ion and disgrace in t his life, and humiliat ing t orment in t he
Hereaft er. Allah said,
びユ∃ Β͡ャぺ∠ ゆ
∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ゲゼ
あら∠ プ∠ ぴ
(t hen announce t o t hem a painful t orment ) meaning, painful and humiliat ing,
り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘや∠ヱゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト∠ ら͡ ェ
∠ リ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺぴ
͡ ⇒ｚルリあョユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠
(They are t hose whose works will be lost in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will have
no helpers. ).
ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョあゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
ヴｚャヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやょ͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ∇ヲハ∠ ∇ギΑ⊥
リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇バョぁユ⊥ワヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プ
ユ͡ヰレ͡ Α͡キヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚビ ∠ ヱ∠ れ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ Ι ∠ ま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠レジ
ｚヨ∠ ゎ∠
Ι
ｚュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バ∠ヨ∠ィや∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅｚョ
Ι
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ プあヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プょ ∠ ∇Αケ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥
(23. Have you not seen t hose who have been given a port ion of t he Script ure They are being
invit ed t o t he Book of Allah t o set t le t heir disput e, t hen a part y of t hem t urned away, and t hey
are averse.) (24. This is because t hey say: "The Fire shall not t ouch us but for a number of
days.'' And t hat which t hey used t o invent in t heir religion has deceived t hem.) (25. How (will it
be) when We gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day about which t here is no doubt (i.e. t he Day of
Resurrect ion). And each person will be paid in full what he has earned And t hey will not be
dealt wit h unj ust ly.)
Chastising the People of the Book for Not Referring to the Book of
Allah for Judgment
Allah crit icizes t he Jews and Christ ians who claim t o follow t heir Books, t he Tawrah and t he
Inj il, because when t hey are called t o refer t o t hese Books where Allah commanded t hem t o
follow Muhammad , t hey t urn away wit h aversion. This censure and crit icism from Allah was all
because of t heir defiance and rej ect ion. Allah said next ,
ゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ Ι
∠ ま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠レジ
ｚヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
びれ ∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚ
(This is because t hey say: "The Fire shall not t ouch us but for a number of days.'') meaning,
what made t hem dare t o challenge and defy t he t rut h is t heir false claim t hat Allah will only
punish t hem for seven days in t he Fire, a day for every one t housand years in t his life. We
ment ioned t his subj ect in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah.
Allah t hen said,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅｚョユ͡ヰレ͡ Α͡キヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲｚビ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hat which t hey used t o invent regarding t heir religion has deceived t hem.) meaning,
what caused t hem t o remain on t heir false creed is t hat t hey deceived t hemselves, believing
t hat t he Fire will only t ouch t hem for a few days for t heir errors. However, it is t hey who have
invent ed t his not ion, and Allah did not grant t hem aut horit y t o support t his claim. Allah said,
while t hreat ening and warning t hem,
びヮ͡ Β͡プょ
∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι
ｚュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バ∠ヨ∠ィや∠クま͡ ブ
∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ
(How (will it be) when We gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day about which t here is no doubt (i. e.
t he Day of Resurrect ion).) meaning, what will t heir condit ion be like aft er t hey have ut t ered
t his lie about Allah, rej ect ed His Messengers and killed His Prophet s and t heir scholars who
enj oined right eousness and forbade evil Allah will ask t hem about all t his and punish t hem for
what t hey have done. This is why Allah said,
びヮ͡ Β͡プょ
∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι
ｚュ∃ ∇ヲΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バ∠ヨ∠ィや∠クま͡ ブ
∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ
(How (will it be) when We gat her t hem t oget her on t he Day about which t here is no doubt .)
meaning, t here is no doubt t hat t his Day will come,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョザ
∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろΒ∠ プあヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And each person will be paid in full what he has earned And t hey will not be dealt wit h
unj ust ly.).
￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョマ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやマ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ョユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャやモ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ

メぁグ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョゴぁバ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ マ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやネ ⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠ゎヱ∠
- ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャやポ
∠ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョ
モ
͡ ∇Βャｚやヴ͡プケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚャやア ⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ∇ャやヴ͡プモ ∠ ∇Βャｚやア⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎ
リ
∠ ョ͡ ろ
∠ Βあヨ∠ ャ∠やァ
⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ
͡ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ヴｚエ∠ ∇ャやァ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠
びゆ
∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョベ
⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ
あエ∠ ∇ャや
(26. Say: "O Allah! Possessor of t he power, You give power t o whom You will, and You t ake
power from whom You will, and You endue wit h honor whom You will, and You humiliat e whom
You will. In Your Hand is t he good. Verily, You are able t o do all t hings.) (27. You make t he
night t o ent er int o t he day, and You make t he day t o ent er int o t he night , You bring t he living
out of t he dead, and You bring t he dead out of t he living. And You give wealt h and sust enance
t o whom You will, wit hout limit .)
Encouraging Gratitude
Allah said,
び∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say) O Muhammad , while praising your Lord, t hanking Him, relying in all mat t ers upon Him
and t rust ing in Him.
びマ
͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやマ
∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ョユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャやぴ
(O Allah! Possessor of t he power) meaning, all sovereignt y is Yours,
￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リｚヨョ͡ マ
∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやネ
⊥ ゴ͡ レ∠ゎヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョマ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ぴ
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョメぁグ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョゴぁバ͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠
(You give power t o whom You will, and You t ake power from whom You will, and You endue
wit h honor whom You will, and You humiliat e whom You will.) meaning, You are t he Giver, You
are t he Taker, it is Your will t hat occurs and what ever You do not will, does not occur. This
Ayah encourages t hanking Allah for t he favors He grant ed His Messenger and his Ummah. Allah
t ransferred t he prophet hood from t he Children of Israel t o t he Arab, Qurashi, Makkan,
unlet t ered Prophet , t he Final and Last of all Prophet s and t he Messenger of Allah t o all
mankind and Jinn. Allah endowed t he Prophet wit h t he best of qualit ies from t he prophet s
before him. Allah also grant ed him ext ra qualit ies t hat no ot her Prophet or Messenger before
him was endowed wit h, such as grant ing him (more) knowledge of Allah and His Law,
knowledge of more of t he mat t ers of t he past and t he fut ure, such as what will occur in t he
Hereaft er. Allah allowed Muhammad's Ummah t o reach t he east ern and west ern part s of t he
world and gave dominance t o his religion and Law over all ot her religions and laws. May Allah's
peace and blessings be on t he Prophet unt il t he Day of Judgment , and as long as t he day and
night succeed each ot her. This is why Allah said,
びマ
͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやマ
∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ョユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
͡ ホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "O Allah! Possessor of t he power,'') meaning, You decide what You will concerning Your
creat ion and You do what you will. Allah refut es t hose who t hought t hat t hey could decide for
Allah,
リ
∠ ョあモ
∃ィ
⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやや∠グ⇒∠ワメ
∠ ゴあル⊥ Ι
∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
びユ∃ Β͡ヌハ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャや
(And t hey say: "Why is not t his Qur'an sent down t o some great man of t he t wo t owns (Makkah
and Ta'if)'') 43:31 .
Allah refut ed t hem by saying,
びマ
∠ よあケ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ
͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ
(Is it t hey who would port ion out t he Mercy of your Lord) 43:32 , meaning, "We decide for Our
creat ion what We will, wit hout resist ance or hindrance by anyone. We have t he perfect wisdom
and t he unequivocal proof in all of t his, and We give t he prophet hood t o whom We will.''
Similarly, Allah said,
びヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ モ
⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゑ
⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ
(Allah knows best wit h whom t o place His Message) and,
びヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ
∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ
ｚプ∠ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ
⊥ ルやぴ
(See how We prefer one above anot her (in t his world)) 17: 21
Allah said,
びモ
͡ ∇Βャｚやヴ͡プケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚャやア
⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚ ∇ャやヴ͡プモ
∠ ∇Βャｚやア
⊥ ャ͡ヲ⊥ゎぴ
(You make t he night ent er int o t he day, and You make t he day ent er int o t he night ) meaning,
You t ake from t he lengt h of one of t hem and add it t o t he short ness of t he ot her, so t hat t hey
become equal, and t ake from t he lengt h of one of t hem and add it t o t he ot her so t hat t hey
are not equal. This occurs t hroughout t he seasons of t he year: spring, summer, fall and wint er.
リ
∠ ョ͡ ろ
∠ Βあヨ∠ ャ∠やァ
⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ろ
͡ Βあヨ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヴ
ｚエ
∠ ∇ャやァ
⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヴ
あエ ∠ ∇ャや
(You bring t he living out of t he dead, and You bring t he dead out of t he living.) means, You
bring out t he seed from t he plant and t he plant from t he seed; t he dat e from it s seed and t he
dat e's seed from t he dat e; t he fait hful from t he disbeliever and t he disbeliever from t he
fait hful; t he chicken from t he egg and t he egg from t he chicken, et c.
びゆ
∃ ゅ∠ジェ
͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョベ
⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And You give wealt h and sust enance t o whom You will, wit hout limit .) meaning, You give
whomever You will innumerable amount s of wealt h while depriving ot hers from it , out of
wisdom, and j ust ice.
ラ͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやグ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι

ｚぴ
￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ケあグエ
∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι∠ ま͡
びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(28. Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever
does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way, unless you indeed fear a danger from
t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself, and t o Allah is t he final ret urn.)
The Prohibition of Supporting the Disbelievers

Allah prohibit ed His believing servant s from becoming support ers of t he disbelievers, or t o t ake
t hem as comrades wit h whom t hey develop friendships, rat her t han t he believers. Allah warned
against such behavior when He said,
び￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ ヶ͡プヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ザ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way) meaning, whoever commit s
t his act t hat Allah has prohibit ed, t hen Allah will discard him. Similarly, Allah said,
∇ユミ⊥ ｚヱギ⊥ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ンあヱギ⊥ ハ
∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
びり͡ キｚヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠
(O you who believe! Take not My enemies and your enemies as friends, showing affect ion
t owards t hem), unt il,
びモ
͡ Β͡らジ
ｚャや￢∠ へヲ∠ シ
∠ モ
ｚッ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whosoever of you does t hat , t hen indeed he has gone ast ray from t he st raight pat h.)
60:1 . Allah said,
￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι

∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョ
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥
(O you who believe! Take not for friends disbelievers inst ead of believers. Do you wish t o offer
Allah a manifest proof against yourselves) 4:144 , and,
キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

リ∠ョヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ
⊥ ∇バよ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚャや∠ヱ
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠
(O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as friends, t hey are but friends of
each ot her. And whoever befriends t hem, t hen surely, he is one of t hem.) 5:51 .
Allah said, aft er ment ioning t he fact t hat t he fait hful believers gave t heir support t o t he
fait hful believers among t he Muhaj irin, Ansar and Bedouins,
ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ
⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Αグｚャや∠ヱぴ
び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀キゅ∠ジ∠プ∠ヱチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠
(And t hose who disbelieve are allies of one anot her, (and) if you do not behave t he same, t here
will be Fit nah and oppression on t he eart h, and a great mischief and corrupt ion.) 8:73 .
Allah said next ,
びる⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι

∠ ま͡ぴ
(unless you indeed fear a danger from t hem) meaning, except t hose believers who in some
areas or t imes fear for t heir safet y from t he disbelievers. In t his case, such believers are
allowed t o show friendship t o t he disbelievers out wardly, but never inwardly. For inst ance, Al-
Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in t he face of some people alt hough our
heart s curse t hem.'' Al-Bukhari said t hat Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed unt il t he Day of
Resurrect ion.'' Allah said,
びヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ⊥ あグエ
∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah warns you against Himself.) meaning, He warns you against His anger and t he severe
t orment He prepared for t hose who give t heir support t o His enemies, and t hose who have
enmit y wit h His friends,
びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t o Allah is t he final ret urn) meaning, t he ret urn is t o Him and He will reward or punish
each person according t o t heir deeds.
ヮ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ⊥ ヴ͡プゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
ゅｚョザ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
￢∃ ヲ⊥シリ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ や⇔ゲツ ∠ ∇エョぁゲ∃ ∇Βカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ⊥ あグエ
∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ や∠ギョ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ
ｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ キぁヲ∠ ゎ∠
びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よフ ⊥ ヱ⊥￢ケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ⊥ ジ∠ ∇ヘル∠
(29. Say: "Whet her you hide what is in your breast s or reveal it , Allah knows it , and He knows
what is in t he heavens and what is in t he eart h. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.'') (30. On t he
Day when every person will be confront ed wit h t he good he has done, and all t he evil he has
done, he will wish t hat t here were a great dist ance bet ween him and his evil. And Allah warns
you against Himself and Allah is f ull of kindness wit h t he servant s.)
Allah Knows What the Hearts Conceal

Allah t ells His servant s t hat He knows t he secret s and apparent mat t ers and t hat not hing
concerning t hem escapes His observat ion. Rat her, His knowledge encompasses t hem in all
condit ions, t ime frames, days and inst ances. His knowledge encompasses all t hat is in heaven
and eart h, and not hing not even t he weight of an at om, or what is smaller t han t hat in t he
eart h, seas and mount ains, escapes His observat ion. Indeed,
び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ∇ヶセ
∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ
(And Allah is able t o do all t hings.) and His abilit y encompasses everyt hing. This Ayah alert s
Allah's servant s t hat t hey should fear Him enough t o not commit what He prohibit s and dislikes,
for He has perfect knowledge in all t hey do and is able t o punish t hem prompt ly. And He gives
respit e t o some of t hem, t hen He punishes t hem, and He is Swift and Might y in t aking account .
This is why Allah said aft erwards,
びや⇔ゲツ
∠ ∇エョぁゲ∃ ∇Βカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ
∠ ゅｚョザ
∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ギ⊥ イ
͡ ゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
(On t he Day when every person will be confront ed wit h all t he good he has done,) meaning, on
t he Day of Resurrect ion, Allah brings t he good and evil deeds before t he servant , j ust as He
said,
びゲ∠ カ
ｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ グ͡ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηやほ⊥ｚらレ∠ Α⊥ ぴ
(On t hat Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind.) 75:13 .
When t he servant sees his good deeds, he becomes happy and delight ed. When he sees t he evil
deeds he commit t ed, he becomes sad and angry. Then he will wish t hat he could disown his
evil work and t hat a long dist ance separat ed it from him. He will also say t o t he devil who used
t o accompany him in t his life, and who used t o encourage him t o do evil;
びリ
⊥ Α͡ゲボ∠ ∇ャやザ
∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ リ
͡ ∇Βホ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ∠ ∇ャやギ∠ ∇バよ⊥ マ
∠ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ろ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠Αぴ
("Would t hat bet ween me and you were t he dist ance of t he t wo east s a horrible companion
(indeed)!) 43:38 .
Allah t hen said, while t hreat ening and warning,
びヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ケ⊥ あグエ
∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah warns you against Himself) meaning, He warns you against His punishment . Allah
t hen said, while bringing hope t o His servant s, so t hat t hey do not despair from His mercy or
feel hopeless of His kindness,
びキ͡ ゅら∠ バ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah is full of kindness wit h t he servant s)
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Allah is so kind wit h t hem t hat He warns t hem against Himself.'' Ot hers
comment ed, "He is merciful wit h His creat ion and likes for t hem t o remain on His st raight pat h
and chosen religion, and t o follow His honorable Messenger.''
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

∠ ヲぁらエ͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
∇モホ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠
Ι
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプメ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやぁょエ
͡ Α⊥
(31. Say (O Muhammad t o mankind): "If you (really) love Allah, t hen follow me (i.e.
Muhammad), Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most
Merciful.'') (32. Say: "Obey Allah and t he Messenger.'' But if t hey t urn away, t hen Allah does not
like t he disbelievers.)
Allah's Love is Attained by Following the Messenger

This honorable Ayah j udges against t hose who claim t o love Allah, yet do not follow t he way of
Muhammad . Such people are not t rue in t heir claim unt il t hey follow t he Shari` ah (Law) of
Muhammad and his religion in all his st at ement s, act ions and condit ions. It is recorded in t he
Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«キ∠ケヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ
∠ モ
∠ ヨ͡ ハ
∠ ∇リョ∠ »
(Whoever commit s an act t hat does not conform wit h our mat t er (religion), t hen it will be
rej ect ed of him.)
This is why Allah said here,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say (O Muhammad t o mankind): "If you (really) love Allah, t hen follow me, Allah will love
you...'') meaning, what you will earn is much more t han what you sought in loving Him, for
Allah will love you. Al-Hasan Al-Basri and several scholars among t he Salaf comment ed, "Some
people claimed t hat t hey love Allah. So Allah t est ed t hem wit h t his Ayah;
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡ま ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say (O Muhammad t o mankind): "If you (really) love Allah, t hen follow me, Allah will love
you...''). ''
Allah t hen said,
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

("And forgive you your sins. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.'') meaning, by your
following t he Messenger , you will earn all t his wit h t he blessing of his mission. Allah next
commands everyone,
び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプメ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Obey Allah and t he Messenger.'' But if t hey t urn away) by defying t he Prophet ,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(t hen Allah does not like t he disbelievers.) t hus, t est ifying t hat defiance of t he Messenger's way
const it ut es Kufr. Indeed, Allah does not like whoever does t his, even if he claims t hat he loves
Allah and seeks a means of approach t o Him, unless, and unt il, he follows t he unlet t ered
Prophet , t he Final Messenger from Allah t o t he t wo creat ions: mankind and t he Jinn. This is t he
Prophet who, if t he previous Prophet s and might y Messengers were t o have been alive during
his t ime, t hey would have no choice but t o follow, obey him, and t o abide by his Law. We will
ment ion t his fact when we explain t he Ayah,
びリ
∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚャやペ
∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョヮ⊥ ヤｚャやグ∠ カ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And (remember) when Allah t ook t he Covenant of t he Prophet s) 3:81 , Allah willing.
メ
∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ
∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ へヴ∠ヘト ∠ ∇タやヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ぴ
ヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠ヰツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ⇔るΑｚケあク⊥ - リ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨハ͡
び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
(33. Allah chose Adam, Nuh (Noah), t he family of Ibrahim and t he family of ` Imran above t he
nat ions.) (34. Offspring, one of t he ot her, and Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)
The Chosen Ones Among the People of the Earth

Allah st at es t hat He has chosen t hese households over t he people of t he eart h. For inst ance,
Allah chose Adam, creat ed him wit h His Hand and blew life int o him. Allah commanded t he
angels t o prost rat e before Adam, t aught him t he names of everyt hing and allowed him t o dwell
in Paradise, but t hen sent him down from it out of His wisdom. Allah chose Nuh and made him
t he first Messenger t o t he people of t he eart h, when t he people worshipped idols and
associat ed ot hers wit h Allah in worship. Allah avenged t he way Nuh was t reat ed, for he kept
calling his people day and night , in public and in secret , for a very long t ime. However, his
calling t hem only made t hem shun him more, and t his is when Nuh supplicat ed against t hem.
So Allah caused t hem t o drown, and none among t hem was saved, except t hose who followed
t he religion t hat Allah sent t o Nuh. Allah also chose t he household of Ibrahim, including t he
mast er of all mankind, and t he Final Prophet , Muhammad, peace be upon him. Allah also chose
t he household of ` Imran, t he fat her of Marym bint ` Imran, t he mot her of ` Isa, peace be upon
t hem. So ` Isa is from t he offspring of Ibrahim, as we will ment ion in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-
An` am, Allah willing, and our t rust is in Him.
ゅ∠ョマ ∠ ャ∠ れ
⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆあケ∠ ラ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨハ ͡ れ ⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやろ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ
ノ⊥ Β͡ヨジｚャやろ∠ ル∠ぺマ∠ ルｚま͡ ヶあレョ͡ ∇モらｚボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゲｚエ
∠ ョ⊥ ヶ͡レ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プ
べ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇バッ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆあケ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホゅ∠ヰ∇わバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャや
ゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャやザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろバ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヴ∠んル⊥ぺ
マ
∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワグ⊥ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ヴあル͡ま͡ヱユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Βヨｚシ ∠ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱヴ∠んルｙΙゅ∠ミ
びユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚャやリ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Αｚケあク⊥ ヱ∠
(35. (Remember) when t he wife of ` Imran said: "O my Lord! I have vowed t o You what is in my
womb t o be dedicat ed for Your services, so accept t his from me. Verily, You are t he All-
Hearer, t he All-Knowing.'') (36. Then when she gave birt h t o her, she said: "O my Lord! I have
given birt h t o a female child, and Allah knew bet t er what she bore, "And t he male is not
like t he female, and I have named her Maryam, and I seek refuge wit h You for her and for her
offspring from Shayt an, t he out cast .'')
The Story of Maryam's Birth

The wife of ` Imran ment ioned here is t he mot her of Maryam, and her name is Hannah bint
Faqudh. Muhammad bin Ishaq ment ioned t hat Hannah could not have children and t hat one
day, she saw a bird feeding it s chick. She wished she could have children and supplicat ed t o
Allah t o grant her offspring. Allah accept ed her supplicat ion, and when her husband slept wit h
her, she became pregnant . She vowed t o make her child concent rat e on worship and serving
Bayt Al-Maqdis (t he Masj id in Jerusalem), when she became aware t hat she was pregnant . She
said,
∇モらｚボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゲｚエ
∠ ョ⊥ ヶ͡レ∇トよ∠ ヶ͡プゅ∠ョマ ∠ ャ∠ れ
⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ル∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆあケ∠ ぴ
びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャやノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ
ｚャやろ
∠ ルぺ∠ マ∠ ルｚま͡ ヶあレョ͡
(O my Lord! I have vowed t o You what is in my womb t o be dedicat ed for Your services, so
accept t his from me. Verily, You are t he All-Hearer, t he All-Knowing.) meaning, You hear my
supplicat ion and You know my int ent ion. She did not know t hen what she would give birt h t o, a
male or a female.
ヴ∠んル⊥ぺべ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇バッ

∠ ヱ∠ ヴあルま͡ ゆ
あケ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホゅ∠ヰ∇わバ∠ ッ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
び∇ろバ∠ ッ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
(Then when she gave birt h t o her, she said: "O my Lord! I have given birt h t o a female child,
and Allah knew bet t er what she bore.)
びヴ∠んルｙΙゅ∠ミゲ⊥ ミ∠ ｚグャやザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t he male is not like t he female,) in st rengt h and t he commit ment t o worship Allah and
serve t he Masj id in Jerusalem.
びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Βヨｚシ

∠ ヴあル͡ま∠ヱぴ
(And I have named her Maryam,) t hus, t est ifying t o t he fact t hat it is allowed t o give a name t o
t he newly born t he day it is born, as is apparent from t he Ayah, which is also a part of t he law
of t hose who were before us. Furt her, t he Sunnah of t he Messenger of Allah ment ioned t hat t he
Prophet said,
«ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ

∠ ∩∀ギャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βヤｚャやヶ
∠ ャ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ »
(This night , a son was born for me and I called him by my fat her's name, Ibrahim.) Al-Bukhari
and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h.
They also recorded t hat Anas bin Malik brought his newborn brot her t o t he Messenger of Allah
who chewed a piece of dat e and put it in t he child's mout h and called him ` Abdullah. Ot her
new born infant s were also given names on t he day t hey were born.
Qat adah narrat ed t hat Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, t hat Samurah bin Jundub said t hat t he Messenger
of Allah said,
∩͡ヮバ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠シュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ

∠ ウ
⊥ よ∠ ∇グΑ⊥ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ボ∠ Β͡ボバ∠ よ͡ ∀リΒ͡ワ∠ケュ∃ ゅ∠ヤビ
⊥ ぁモミ⊥ »
«ヮ⊥シぺ∠ケ∠ ペ ⊥ ヤ∠∇エΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴｚヨ∠ジΑ⊥ ∠ヱ
(Every new born boy held in securit y by his ` Aqiqah, unt il his sevent h day, a sacrifice is offered
on his behalf, he is given a name, and t he hair on his head is shaved.)
This Hadit h was collect ed by Ahmad and t he collect ors of t he Sunan, and was graded Sahih by
At -Tirmidhi. We should ment ion t hat anot her narrat ion for t his Hadit h cont ained t he wording,
"and blood is offered on his behalf,'' which is more famous and est ablished t han t he former
narrat ion, and Allah knows best .
Allah's st at ement t hat Maryam's mot her said,
びユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚャやリ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Αｚケあク⊥ ヱ∠ マ
∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワグ⊥ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ヴあル͡ま͡ヱぴ
("...And I seek refuge wit h You for her and for her offspring from Shayt an, t he out cast .'')
means, t hat she sought refuge wit h Allah from t he evil of Shayt an, for her and her offspring,
i.e., ` Isa, peace be upon him. Allah accept ed her supplicat ion, for ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded
t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩⊥ギャ∠ヲ⊥Α リ
∠ Β͡ェラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼｚャやヮ⊥ ｚジョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥Α キ∃ ヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
«ゅ∠ヰ∠レ∇よや∠ヱユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩⊥ロゅｚΑま͡ ヮ͡ ジ
あョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔カ͡ケゅ∠タモぁヰ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ プ∠
(Every newly born baby is t ouched by Shayt an when it is born, and t he baby st art s crying
because of t his t ouch, except Maryam and her son.)
Abu Hurayrah t hen said, "Read if you will,
びユ͡ Β͡ィゲｚャやリ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Αｚケあク⊥ ヱ∠ マ
∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ワグ⊥ Β͡ハぺ⊥ ヴあル͡ま͡ヱぴ
(And I seek refuge wit h You for her and for her offspring from Shayt an, t he out cast ).'' The Two
Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h.
ゅ⇔レ∠ジ∠ェゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ∃ジ ∠ェ ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥らボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰよぁケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠らｚボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ

ゆ∠ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャやゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ モ ∠カ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤヘｚ ∠ミ∠ヱ
∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホや∠グ⇒∠ワマ ͡ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α メ
∠ ゅ∠ホゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡ ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハギ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠
ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョベ ⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚまヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥
びゆ
∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡
(37. So her Lord (Allah) accept ed her wit h goodly accept ance. He made her grow in a good
manner and put her under t he care of Zakariyya. Every t ime he ent ered t he Mihrab t o (visit )
her, he found her supplied wit h sust enance. He said: "O Maryam! From where have you got t en
t his'' She said, "This is from Allah.'' Verily, Allah provides sust enance t o whom He wills, wit hout
limit .)
Maryam Grows Up; Her Honor is with Allah

Allah st at es t hat He has accept ed Maryam as a result of her mot her's vow and t hat He,
びゅ⇔レジ
∠ェ∠ ゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠わ∠らル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
(made her grow in a good manner) meaning, made her conduct becoming, her mannerism
delight ful and He made her well liked among people. He also made her accompany t he
right eous people, so t hat she learned right eousness, knowledge and religion.
びゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヤヘｚ ∠ミ∠ヱぴ

(And put her under t he care of Zakariyya) meaning, Allah made Zakariyya her sponsor. Allah
made Zakariyya Maryam's guardian for her benefit , so t hat she would learn from his
t remendous knowledge and right eous conduct . He was t he husband of her mat ernal aunt , as Ibn
Ishaq and Ibn Jarir st at ed, or her brot her-in-law, as ment ioned in t he Sahih,
«る∠ャゅ∠ガ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇よやゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヴジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΒ∠ よ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ »

(I saw John and ` Isa, who are mat ernal cousins.)
We should st at e t hat in general t erms, what Ibn Ishaq said is plausible, and in t his case,
Maryam was under t he care of her mat ernal aunt . The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Messenger
of Allah decided t hat ` Amarah, t he daught er of Hamzah, be raised by her mat ernal aunt , t he
wife of Ja` far bin Abi Talib, saying,
«ュ⊥ほ∇ャやる͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ よ͡ る⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ガ∇ャや»

(The mat ernal aunt is j ust like t he mot her.)
Allah t hen emphasizes Maryam's honor and virt ue at t he place of worship she at t ended,
ゅ∠ワ∠ギレ͡ハギ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ゆ
∠ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャやゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ モ
∠カ
∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ
びゅ⇔ホ∇コケ͡
(Every t ime he ent ered t he Mihrab t o (visit ) her, he found her supplied wit h sust enance.)
Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Ad-Dahhak,
Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi and As-Suddi said, "He would find wit h her t he
fruit s of t he summer during wint er, and t he fruit s of t he wint er during summer.'' When
Zakariyya would see t his; d
びや∠グ⇒∠ワマ
͡ ャ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α メ
∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
(He said: "O Maryam! From where have you got t en t his'') meaning, where did you get t hese
fruit s from
￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョベ
⊥ コ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚまヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホぴ
びゆ∃ ゅ∠ジェ ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡
(She said, "This is from Allah.'' Verily, Allah provides sust enance t o whom He wills, wit hout
limit .)
リ͡ョヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゆあケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヮ⊥ ｚよケ∠ ゅｚΑゲ͡ ミ∠ コ∠ ゅ∠ハキ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠レワ⊥ ぴ
ヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ - ￢͡ べ∠ハギぁャやノ⊥ Β͡ヨシ ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ る⇔ ら∠ Βあデ
∠ ⇔るΑｚケあク⊥ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚ
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ ゆ͡ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プヴあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ホヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや
や⇔ギΒあシ
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ホあギダ
∠ ョ⊥ ヴ⇒∠Β∇エΒ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ゼあら∠ Α⊥
ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆあケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャやリ ∠ ョあゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケヲ⊥ダェ ∠ ヱ∠
∀ゲ͡ホゅ∠ハヴ͡ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャやヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤビ ⊥ ヶ͡ャラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠
モ∠バ∇ィやゆあケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョモ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやマ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ メ∠ ゅ∠ホ
Ι ｚま͡ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ サ∠ ゅｚレャやユ∠ ヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ιｚぺ∠ マ ∠ わ⊥ Α∠ や∠￢メ∠ ゅ∠ホる⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ヴあャ
ゲ͡ ⇒∠ム∇よΗ ͡ や∠ヱヴあゼ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ウらあシ
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ ∠ よｚケｚゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱや⇔ゴ∇ョケ∠
び
(38. At t hat t ime Zakariyya invoked his Lord, saying: "O my Lord! Grant me from You, a good
offspring. You are indeed t he All-Hearer of invocat ion.'') (39. Then t he angels called him, while
he was st anding in prayer in t he Mihrab, (saying): "Allah gives you glad t idings of Yahya,
believing in t he Word from Allah, and Sayyidan, and Hasuran, a Prophet , from among t he
right eous.'') (40. He said: "O my Lord! How can I have a son when I am very old, and my wife is
barren'' (Allah) said: "Thus Allah does what He wills.'') (41. He said: "O my Lord! Make a sign for
me.'' (Allah) said: "Your sign is t hat you shall not speak t o t he people for t hree days except by
signals. And remember your Lord much, and glorify (Him) in t he aft ernoon and in t he
morning.'')
The Supplication of Zakariyya, and the Good News of Yahya's Birth

When Zakariyya saw t hat Allah provided sust enance for Maryam by giving her t he fruit s of
wint er in summer and t he fruit s of summer in wint er, he was eager t o have a child of his own.
By t hen, Zakariyya had become an old man, his bones feeble and his head full of gray hair. His
wife was an old women who was barren. Yet , he st ill supplicat ed t o Allah and called Him in
secret ,
びマ
∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚリ͡ョヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ゆ
あケ∠ ぴ
(O my Lord! Grant me from Ladunka,) from You,
びる⇔ ら∠ Βあデ
∠ ⇔るΑｚケあク⊥ ぴ
(A good offspring) meaning, a right eous offspring,
び￢͡ べ∠ハギぁャやノ⊥ Β͡ヨシ

∠ マ
∠ ルｚま͡ぴ
(You are indeed t he All-Hearer of invocat ion.) Allah said,
びゆ
͡ や∠ゲ∇エヨ͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プヴあヤダ
∠ Α⊥ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ホヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ∇ゎキ∠ ゅ∠レプ∠ ぴ
(Then t he angels called him, while he was st anding in prayer in t he Mihrab,) meaning, t he
angels spoke t o him direct ly while he was secluded, st anding in prayer at his place of worship.
Allah t old us about t he good news t hat t he angels delivered t o Zakariyya,
びヴ⇒∠Β∇エΒ∠ よ͡ ポ
∠ ゲ⊥ ゼ
あら∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ぴ
(Allah gives you glad t idings of Yahya, ) of a child from your offspring, his name is Yahya.
Qat adah and ot her scholars said t hat he was called Yahya (lit erally, ` he lives') because Allah
filled his life wit h fait h.
Allah said next ,
∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ホあギダ
∠ ョ⊥ ぴ
(believing in t he Word from Allah) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, and also Al-Hasan,
Qat adah, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Ad-Dahhak, and
several ot hers said t hat t he Ayah,
∠ ョ⊥ ぴ
(believing in t he Word from Allah) means, "Believing in ` Isa, son of Maryam.''
Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Qat adah and Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔ギΒあシ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Sayyidan) means, a wise man. Ibn ` Abbas, At h-Thawri and Ad-Dahhak said t hat Sayyidan
means, "The noble, wise and pious man.'' Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat Sayyid is t he scholar
and Faqih. ` At iyah said t hat Sayyid is t he man noble in behavior and piet y. ` Ikrimah said t hat it
refers t o a person who is not overcome by anger, while Ibn Zayd said t hat it refers t o t he noble
man. Muj ahid said t hat Sayyidan means, honored by Allah.
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ダェ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Hasuran) does not mean he refrains from sexual relat ions wit h women, but t hat he is
immune from illegal sexual relat ions. This does not mean t hat he does not marry women and
have legal sexual relat ions wit h t hem, for Zakariyya said in his supplicat ion for t he benefit of
Yahya,
びる⇔ ら∠ Βあデ
∠ ⇔るΑｚケあク⊥ マ
∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚリ͡ョヴ͡ャ ∇ょワ∠ ぴ
(Grant me from You, a good offspring), meaning, grant me a son who will have offspring, and
Allah knows best .
びリ
∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャやリ
∠ ョあゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(A Prophet , from among t he right eous) delivers more good news of sending Yahya as Prophet
aft er t he good news t hat he will be born. This good news was even bet t er t han t he news of
Yahya's birt h. In a similar st at ement , Allah said t o t he mot her of Musa,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヤシ
∠ ∇ゲヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ マ
͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキへ∠ケゅルｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, We shall bring him back t o you, and shall make him one of t he Messengers.) 28:7
When Zakariyya heard t he good news, he st art ed cont emplat ing about having children at his
age. He said,
ゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャやヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤビ

⊥ ヶ͡ャラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆあケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
びメ
∠ ゅ∠ホ ∀ゲ͡ホゅ∠ハヴ͡ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ
("O my Lord! How can I have a son when I am very old, and my wife is barren'' (He) said...)
meaning t he angel said,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョモ
⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやマ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
("Thus Allah does what He wills.'') meaning, t his is Allah's mat t er, He is so Might y t hat not hing
escapes His power, nor is anyt hing beyond His abilit y.
びる⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ヴあャモ∠バ∇ィやゆ

あケ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
(He said: "O my Lord! Make a sign for me'') meaning make a sign t hat alert s me t hat t he child
will come,
びや⇔ゴ∇ョケ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る∠ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやユ∠ ヤあム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι
ｚぺ∠ マ
∠ わ⊥ Α∠ や∠￢メ
∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
((Allah) said: "Your sign is t hat you shall not speak t o t he people for t hree days except by
signals.'') meaning, you will not be able t o speak except wit h signals, alt hough you are not
mut e. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
びゅ⇔Α∂ ヲ͡ シ
∠ メ
∃ ゅ∠Βャ∠ ゑ
∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ぴ
(For t hree night s, t hough having no bodily defect .) 19:10
Allah t hen commanded Zakariyya t o supplicat e, t hank and praise Him oft en in t hat condit ion,
びゲ͡ ⇒∠ム∇よΗ
͡ や∠ヱヴ
あゼ
͡ バ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ウらあシ
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ マ
∠ よｚケｚゲ⊥ミ∇クや∠ヱぴ
(And remember your Lord much and glorify (Him) in t he aft ernoon and in t he morning. )
We will elaborat e more on t his subj ect in t he beginning of Surah Maryam (chapt er 19), Allah
willing.
マ͡ ⇒∠ヘト ∠ ∇タやヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやろ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャや￢͡ べ∠ジル͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ͡ ⇒∠ヘト ∠ ∇タや∠ヱポ ͡ ゲ∠ ヰｚデ
∠ ヱ∠
- リ ∠ Β͡バミ͡ ゲ∠ ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡バミ∠ ∇ケや∠ヱン͡ギイ ⊥ ∇シや∠ヱマ ͡ よあゲ∠ ャ͡ ヴ͡わレ⊥ ∇ホや
∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ
∠ レ⊥ミゅ∠ョ∠ヱマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ェヲ⊥ルょ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや￢͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠
∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ
∠ レ⊥ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ モ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ホぺ∠ ラヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇クま͡
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇クま͡
(42. And (remember) when t he angels said: "O Maryam! Verily, Allah has chosen you, purified
you, and chosen you above t he women of t he nat ions.'') (43. "O Maryam! Submit yourself wit h
obedience (Aqnut i) t o your Lord and prost rat e yourself, and bow down along wit h Ar-Raki` in.'')
(44. This is a part of t he news of t he Ghayb (Unseen) which We reveal t o you. You were not
wit h t hem, when t hey cast lot s wit h t heir pens as t o which of t hem should be charged wit h t he
care of Maryam; nor were you wit h t hem when t hey disput ed.)
The Virtue of Maryam Over the Women of Her Time

Allah st at es t hat t he angels spoke t o Maryam by His command and t old her t hat He chose her
because of her service t o Him, because of her modest y, honor, innocence, and convict ion.
Allah also chose her because of her virt ue over t he women of t he world. At -Tirmidhi recorded
t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah say,
ゅ∠ヰも͡ ゅ∠ジル͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ

∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラや∠ゲ∇ヨハ
͡ ろ
⊥ ∇レよ͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰも͡ ゅ∠ジル͡ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠»
«ギ͡ヤ∇Αヲ∠ カ ⊥ ろ⊥ ∇レよ͡ る⊥ イ∠ Α͡ギカ
∠
(The best woman (in her t ime) was Maryam, daught er of ` Imran, and t he best woman (of t he
Prophet 's t ime) is Khadij ah (his wife), daught er of Khuwaylid.)''
The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari said t hat t he
Messenger of Allah said,
￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあャやリ
∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ヨ⊥ ミ∠ »
«ラ∇ヲハ ∠ ∇ゲプ͡ り⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやる⊥ Β∠ シ
͡ へヱ∠ ラ
∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ
͡ ろ⊥ ∇レよ͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅｚャま͡
(Many men achieved perfect ion, but among women, only Maryam t he daught er of ` Imran and
Asiah, t he wife of Fir` awn, achieved perfect ion.)
The Six -- wit h t he except ion of Abu Dawud - recorded it . Al-Bukhari's wording for it reads,
￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあャやリ ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ヨ⊥ ミ∠ »
∩∠ラや∠ゲ∇ヨハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇レよ͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラ∇ヲハ
∠ ∇ゲプ͡ り⊥ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやる⊥ Β∠ シ
͡ へゅｚャま͡
ギ͡ Α͡ゲんｚャやモ
͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ミ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∠ ゼ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ハモ ∠ ∇ツプ∠ ラｚま͡ヱ∠
«ュゅ∠バトｚャやゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠シヴヤ∠ハ
(Many men reached t he level of perfect ion, but no woman reached such a level except Asiah,
t he wife of Fir` awn, and Maryam, t he daught er of ` Imran. The superiorit y of ` A'ishah (his wife)
t o ot her women, is like t he superiorit y of Tharid (meat and bread dish) t o ot her meals.)
We ment ioned t he various chains of narrat ion and wordings for t his Hadit h in t he st ory of ` Isa,
son of Maryam, in our book, Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, all t he t hanks are due t o Allah.
Allah st at es t hat t he angels commanded Maryam t o increase act s of worship, humbleness,

submission, prost rat ion, bowing, and so fort h, so t hat she would acquire what Allah had
decreed for her, as a t est for her. Yet , t his t est also earned her a higher grade in t his life and
t he Hereaft er, for Allah demonst rat ed His might by creat ing a son inside her wit hout male
int ervent ion. Allah said,
ノ∠ ョ∠ ヴ͡バ∠ミ∇ケや∠ヱン͡ギイ
⊥ ∇シや∠ヱマ
͡ よあゲ∠ ャ͡ ヴ͡わレ⊥ ∇ホやユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Αぴ
びリ∠ Β͡バミ͡ ゲ∠ ャや
("O Maryam! Submit yourself wit h obedience (Aqnut i) and prost rat e yourself, and bow down
along wit h Ar-Raki` in.'')
As for Qunut (Aqnut i in t he Ayah), it means t o submit wit h humbleness. In anot her Ayah, Allah
said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥わレ͡ ⇒∠ホヮ⊥ ｚャモ
ｘミ⊥ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヶ͡プゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚャモ∠よぴ
(Nay, t o Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and on eart h, and all surrender wit h obedience
(Qanit un) t o Him.) 2:116
Allah next said t o His Messenger aft er He ment ioned Maryam's st ory,
びマ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ͡ Β͡ェヲ⊥ルょ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャや￢͡ べ∠らル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
(This is a part of t he news of t he Ghayb which We reveal.) "and narrat e t o you (O Muhammad ),
''
モ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ⇒∠ヤ∇ホぺ∠ ラヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ⊥ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ∠ ろ
∠ レ⊥ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠
(You were not wit h t hem, when t hey cast lot s wit h t heir pens as t o which of t hem should be
charged wit h t he care of Maryam; nor were you wit h t hem when t hey disput ed.) meaning, "You
were not present , O Muhammad, when t his occurred, so you cannot narrat e what happened t o
t he people as an eye wit ness. Rat her, Allah disclosed t hese fact s t o you as if you were a
wit ness, when t hey conduct ed a lot t ery t o choose t he cust odian of Maryam, seeking t he reward
of t his good deed.''
Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said, "Maryam's mot her left wit h Maryam, carrying her in her
infant clot h, and t ook her t o t he rabbis from t he offspring of Aaron, t he brot her of Musa. They
were responsible for t aking care of Bayt Al-Maqdis (t he Masj id) at t hat t ime, j ust as t here were
t hose who t ook care of t he Ka` bah. Maryam's mot her said t o t hem, ` Take t his child whom I
vowed t o serve t he Masj id , I have set her free, since she is my daught er, for no menst ruat ing
woman should ent er t he Masj id, and I shall not t ake her back home.' They said, ` She is t he
daught er of our Imam,' as ` Imran used t o lead t hem in prayer, ` who t ook care of our sacrificial
rit uals.' Zakariyya said, ` Give her t o me, for her mat ernal aunt is my wife.' They said, ` Our
heart s cannot bear t hat you t ake her, for she is t he daught er of our Imam.' So t hey conduct ed a
lot t ery wit h t he pens wit h which t hey wrot e t he Tawrah, and Zakariyya won t he lot t ery and
t ook Maryam int o his care.'''. ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi, Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, and several
ot hers said t hat t he rabbis went int o t he Jordan river and conduct ed a lot t ery t here, deciding
t o t hrow t heir pens int o t he river. The pen t hat remained afloat and idle would indicat e t hat
it s owner would t ake care of Maryam. When t hey t hrew t heir pens int o t he river, t he wat er
t ook all t he pens under, except Zakariyya's pen, which remained afloat in it s place. Zakariyya
was also t heir mast er, chief, scholar, Imam and Prophet , may Allah's peace and blessings be on
him and t he rest of t he Prophet s.
る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ポ
͡ ゲ⊥ ゼあら∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやろ
͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ
ヶ͡プゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シやヮ⊥ ∇レあョ
ヴ͡プサ ∠ ゅｚレャやユ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡よゲｚボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ιｘや∠ヱゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆあケ∠ ∇ろャ∠ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャや
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやマ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ メ∠ ゅ∠ホゲ∀ ゼ ∠ よ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠
リ⊥ミヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚみ͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョペ
⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠
びラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠
(45. (Remember) when t he angels said: "O Maryam! Verily, Allah gives you t he glad t idings of a
Word from Him, his name will be Al-Masih, ` Isa, t he son of Maryam, held in honor in t his world
and in t he Hereaft er, and he will be one of t hose who are near t o Allah.'') (46. "He will speak t o
t he people, in t he cradle and in manhood, and he will be one of t he right eous.'') (47. She said:
"O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has t ouched me.'' He said: "So (it will be) for
Allah creat es what He wills. When He has decreed somet hing, He says t o it only: ` Be! and it
is.'')
Delivering the Good News to Maryam of ` Isa's Birth

This Ayah cont ains t he glad t idings t he angels brought t o Maryam t hat she would give birt h t o a
might y son who will have a great fut ure. Allah said,
る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ポ
͡ ゲ⊥ ゼ
あら∠ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやろ
͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ
((Remember) when t he angels said: "O Maryam! Verily, Allah gives you t he glad t idings of a
Word from Him,) a son who will come int o exist ence wit h a word from Allah, ` Be', and he was.
This is t he meaning of Allah's st at ement (about Yahya)
∠ ョ⊥ ぴ
(Believing in t he Word from Allah.) 3:39 , according t o t he maj orit y of t he scholars.
びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハウ
⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇シやぴ
(His name will be Al-Masih, ` Isa, t he son of Maryam) and he will be known by t his name in t his
life, especially by t he believers. ` Isa was called "Al-Masih'' (t he Messiah) because when he
t ouched (Mash) t hose afflict ed wit h an illness, t hey would be healed by Allah's leave. Allah's
st at ement ,
びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハぴ
(` Isa, t he son of Maryam) relat es ` Isa t o his mot her, because he did not have a fat her.
びリ
∠ Β͡よゲｚボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘや∠ヱゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プゅ⇔ヰΒ͡ィヱ∠ ぴ
(Held in honor in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and will be one of t hose who are near t o
Allah.) meaning, he will be a leader and honored by Allah in t his life, because of t he Law t hat
Allah will reveal t o him, sending down t he Script ure t o him, along wit h t he ot her bount ies t hat
Allah will grant him wit h. ` Isa will be honored in t he Hereaft er and will int ercede wit h Allah,
by His leave, on behalf of some people, j ust as is t he case wit h his bret hren t he might y
Messengers of Allah, peace be upon t hem all.
` Isa Spoke When He was Still in the Cradle

Allah said,
びΚ
⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プサ
∠ ゅｚレャやユ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(He will speak t o t he people, in t he cradle and in manhood,) calling t o t he worship of Allah
Alone wit hout part ners, while st ill in t he cradle, as a miracle from Allah, and when he is a
man, by Allah's revelat ion t o him.
Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ょ
⊥ ェ
͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハゅｚャま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ピ∠ タ
͡ ヶ͡プ ∀キヲ⊥ャ∇ヲョ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚム∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
«ア∇Αゲ∠ ィ ⊥
(No infant spoke in t he cradle except ` Isa and t he companion of Jurayj .)
Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,
ヶ
ｘら͡ タ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ :∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠をゅｚャま͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プ ∇ユヤｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠»
«ゲ∠カへヶｘら͡ タ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ア∇Αゲ∠ ィ ⊥ リ
͡ ョ∠ コ∠ ヶ͡プラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ
(No infant spoke in t he cradle except t hree, ` Isa, t he boy during t he t ime of Jurayj , and
anot her boy.)
びリ
∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And he will be one of t he right eous.) in his st at ement s and act ions, for he will possess, pure
knowledge and right eous works.
` Isa was Created Without a Father

When Maryam heard t he good news t hat t he angels conveyed from Allah, she said;
びゲ∀ ゼ
∠ よ∠ ヴ͡レ∇ジジ
∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ ゆ
あケ∠ ぴ
("O my Lord! How shall I have a son when no man has t ouched me.'')
Mary said, "How can I have a son while I did not marry, nor int end t o marry, nor am I an
indecent woman, may Allah forbid'' The angel conveyed t o Maryam, Allah's answer,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョペ

⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやマ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
(So (it will be) for Allah creat es what He wills.)
He is Might y in power and not hing escapes His abilit y. Allah used t he word ` creat e' here inst ead
of t he word ` does' as in t he t ale about Zakariyya 3:40 , t o eradicat e any evil t hought
concerning ` Isa. Allah next emphasized t his fact when He said,
びラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚみ͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ や∠クま͡ぴ
(When He has decreed somet hing, He says t o it only: "Be! and it is.) meaning, what Allah
wills, comes int o exist ence inst ant ly and wit hout delay. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
びゲ͡ ダ
∠ ら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よウ
∃ ∇ヨヤ∠ミ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ェ
͡ ヱ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ べ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And Our commandment is but one as t he t winkling of an eye.) 54:50 , meaning, "We only
issue t he command once, and it comes int o exist ence inst ant ly, as fast as, and fast er t han, a
blink of t he eye. ''
- モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや∠ヱる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱょ

∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
リあョる∃ Α∠ べ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ
͡ ∇ギホ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ モ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠
ゲ͡ ∇Βト
ｚャやる͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ リ ͡ Βあトャやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ペ⊥ ヤ⊥∇カぺ∠ ヴ͡ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあケｚ
ヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇よぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ
∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プオ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほプ∠
ゅ∠ヨ͡よユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあル∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よΙ ｘやヱ
る⇔ Α∠ Ε
∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヶ͡プラｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ ギｚゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠
リ∠ ョ͡ ヵｚギ∠ Α∠ リ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあゅ⇔ホギあダ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ
∠ ュ∠ ゲあェ ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚやヂ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モｚェ͡Ι ｘヱ∠ り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや
ラｚま͡ - ラ ͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョる∃ Α∠ ほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ
͡ ヱ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁヅ ∀ ゲ∠ タ͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや
(48. And He will t each him t he Book and Al-Hikmah, and t he Tawrah and t he Inj il.) (49. And
will make him a Messenger t o t he Children of Israel (saying): "I have come t o you wit h a sign
from your Lord, t hat I design for you out of clay, a figure like t hat of a bird, and breat he int o
it , and it becomes a bird by Allah's leave; and I heal t he blind, and t he leper, and I bring t he
dead t o life by Allah's leave. And I inform you of what you eat , and what you st ore in your
houses. Surely, t herein is a sign for you, if you believe.'') (50. "(And I have come) confirming
t hat which was before me of t he Tawrah, and t o make lawful t o you part of what was
forbidden t o you, and I have come t o you wit h a proof from your Lord. So have Taqwa of Allah
and obey me.'') (51. "Truly, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him (Alone). This is t he
st raight pat h.'')
The Description of ` Isa and the Miracles He Performed

Allah st at es t hat t he good news brought t o Maryam about ` Isa was even bet t er because Allah
would t each him,
びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ
͡ ∇ャや∠ヱょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやぴ
(t he Book and Al-Hikmah). It appears t hat t he ` Book' t he Ayah ment ioned here refers t o
writ ing. We explained t he meaning of Al-Hikmah in t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah.
びモ
∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやぴ
(t he Tawrah and t he Inj il). The Tawrah is t he Book t hat Allah sent down t o Musa, son of
` Imran, while t he Inj il is what Allah sent down t o ` Isa, son of Maryam, peace be upon t hem,
and ` Isa memorized bot h Books. Allah's st at ement ,
びモ
∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ Ι
⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And will make him a Messenger t o t he Children of Israel) means, t hat Allah will send ` Isa as a
Messenger t o t he Children of Israel, proclaiming t o t hem,
リ
∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ペ⊥ ヤ⊥∇カぺ∠ ヴ͡ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョる∃ Α∠ べ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ ͡ ∇ギホ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ぴ
ラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ
∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ オ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ほプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βト
ｚャやる͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ リ
͡ Βあトャや
びヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(I have come t o you wit h a sign from your Lord, t hat I design for you out of clay, a figure like
t hat of a bird, and breat he int o it , and it becomes a bird by Allah's leave). These are t he
miracles t hat ` Isa performed; he used t o make t he shape of a bird from clay and blow int o it ,
and it became a bird by Allah's leave. Allah made t his a miracle for ` Isa t o t est ify t hat He had
sent him.
びヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミΙ
ｘや￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇よぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(And I heal him who is Akmah) meaning, ` a person who was born blind,' which perfect s t his
miracle and makes t he challenge more daring.
びソ
∠ ゲ∠ ∇よΙ
ｘや∠ヱぴ
(And t he leper) which is a known disease,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ヴ∠ゎ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ
͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(And I bring t he dead t o life by Allah's leave).
Many scholars st at ed t hat Allah sent every Prophet wit h a miracle suit able t o his t ime. For
inst ance, in t he t ime of Musa, magic was t he t rade of t he t ime, and magicians held a high
posit ion. So Allah sent Musa wit h a miracle t hat capt ured t he eyes and bewildered every
magician. When t he magicians realized t hat Musa's miracle came from t he Almight y, Most
Great , t hey embraced Islam and became pious believers. As for ` Isa, he was sent during a t ime
when medicine and knowledge in physics were advancing. ` Isa brought t hem t he t ypes of
miracles t hat could not be performed, except by one sent by Allah. How can any physician
bring life t o clay, cure blindness and leprosy and bring back t o life t hose ent rapped in t he
grave Muhammad was sent during t he t ime of eloquent people and proficient poet s. He brought
t hem a Book from Allah; if mankind and t he Jinn t ried t o imit at e t en chapt ers, or even one
chapt er of it , t hey will ut t erly fail in t his t ask, even if t hey t ried t o do it by collect ive
cooperat ion. This is because t he Qur'an is t he Word of Allah and is not hing like t hat of t he
creat ures.
` Isa's st at ement ,
び∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プラ

∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ
͡ ギｚゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあル∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(And I inform you of what you eat , and what you st ore in your houses) means, I t ell you about
what one of you has j ust eat en and what he is keeping in his house for t omorrow.
びマ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, t herein), all t hese miracles,
び∇ユム⊥ ャｚる⇔ Α∠ Ε
∠ぴ
(is a sign for you) t est ifying t o t he t rut h of what I was sent t o you wit h,
リ
∠ ョ͡ ヵ
ｚギ∠ Α∠ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあゅホ⇔ ギあダ
∠ ョ⊥ ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まぴ
びり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや
(If you believe. And I have come confirming t hat which was before me of t he Tawrah,)
affirming t he Tawrah and upholding it ,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ュ∠ ゲあェ
⊥ ヵ͡グャｚやヂ
∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ
ｚェ
͡Ιｘヱ∠ ぴ
(and t o make lawful t o you part of what was forbidden t o you.)
This part of t he Ayah indicat es t hat ` Isa abrogat ed some of t he Laws of t he Tawrah and
informed t he Jews of t he t rut h regarding some issues t hat t hey used t o disput e about . In
anot her Ayah;
びヮ͡ Β͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ング͡ ャｚやヂ
∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ リ
∠ Βあよ∠ Ε
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And in order t o make clear t o you some of t he (point s) in which you differ) 43:63 .
` Isa said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョる∃ Α∠ ほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ゃィ
͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And I have come t o you wit h a proof from your Lord.) "Cont aining affirmat ion and evidence t o
t he t rut h of what I am conveying t o you.''
∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

ｚま͡ ラ
͡ ヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚゅ∠プぴ
びロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ
(So have Taqwa of Allah and obey me. Truly, Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him
(Alone).) for I and you are equal in our servit ude, submission and humbleness t o Him,
び∀ユΒ͡ボ∠わ∇ジョぁヅ
∀ ゲ∠ タ
͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ
(This is t he st raight pat h.)
ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハザｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ヮ͡ ヤｚャやケ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡
∇ろャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢べ∠レよｚケ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プメ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやゅ∠レ∇バ∠らゎｚや∠ヱ
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠
(52. Then when ` Isa came t o know of t heir disbelief, he said: "Who will be my helpers in Allah's
cause'' Al-Hawariyyun said: "We are t he helpers of Allah; we believe in Allah, and bear wit ness
t hat we are Muslims.'') (53. "Our Lord! We believe in what You have sent down, and we follow
t he Messenger ` Isa ; so writ e us down among t hose who bear wit ness.'') (54. And t hey
(disbelievers) plot t ed and Allah planned t oo. And Allah is t he Best of t hose who plot )
The Disciples Give Their Support to ` Isa

Allah said,
びヴ∠ジΒ͡ハザ
ｚェ
∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
(Then when ` Isa came t o know), meaning, ` Isa felt t hat t hey were adamant in disbelief and
cont inuing in misguidance. He said t o t hem,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ぴ

(Who will be my helper in Allah's cause) Muj ahid comment ed, "Meaning, who would follow me
t o Allah'' However, it appears t hat ` Isa was asking, "Who would help me convey t he Message of
Allah''
The Prophet said during t he Haj j season, before t he Hij rah,
ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∩∨ヶあよケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ヒ∠ ヤあよ∠ ぺ⊥ ヴｚわェ
∠ ヶ͡レΑ͡ヱ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ ∇リョ∠ »
«ヶあよケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ヒ∠ ヤあよ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥バレ∠ ョ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Αゲ∠ ホ⊥
(Who will give me asylum so t hat I can convey t he Speech of my Lord, for t he Quraysh have
prevent ed me from conveying t he Speech of my Lord.) unt il he found t he Ansar. The Ansar
helped t he Prophet and gave him refuge. He lat er migrat ed t o t hem, t hey comfort ed t he
Prophet and prot ect ed him from all his enemies, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem all. This is
similar t o what happened wit h ` Isa, for some of t he Children of Israel believed in him, gave
him t heir aid and support and followed t he light t hat was sent wit h him. This is why Allah said
about t hem;
ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハザｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ヮ͡ ヤｚャやケ⊥ ゅ∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャやメ
∠ ゅ∠ホヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡
∇ろャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢べ∠レよｚケ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
びリ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プメ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやゅ∠レ∇バ∠らゎｚや∠ヱ
(Al-Hawariyyun said: "We are t he helpers of Allah; we believe in Allah, and bear wit ness t hat
we are Muslims. Our Lord! We believe in what You have sent down, and we follow t he
Messenger; so writ e us down among t hose who bear wit ness.'') Hawari in Arabic - means
` support '. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat when t he Prophet encouraged t he people t o fight
during t he bat t le of Al-Ahzab, Az-Zubayr came forward, and again, when t he Prophet asked for
fight ers a second t ime. The Prophet said,
«ゲ∇Βよ∠ ゴぁャやヶあΑケ͡ や∠ヲェ

∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ６Αケ͡ や∠ヲェ
∠ ヶ
∠ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ
ｚま͡»
(Every Prophet has a Hawari, and Az-Zubayr is my Hawari)
Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about ,
びリ
∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プぴ
(so writ e us down among t hose who bear wit ness) "Meaning among t he Ummah of Muhammad.''
This Hadit h has a good chain of narrat ion
The Jews Plot to Kill ` Isa

Allah st at es t hat t he Children of Israel t ried t o kill ` Isa by conspiring t o defame him and crucify
him. They complained about him t o t he king who was a disbeliever. They claimed t hat ` Isa was
a man who misguided people, discouraged t hem from obeying t he king, caused division, and
separat ed bet ween man and his own son. They also said ot her lies about ` Isa, which t hey will
carry on t heir necks, including accusing him of being an illegit imat e son. The king became
furious and sent his men t o capt ure ` Isa t o t ort ure and crucify him. When t hey surrounded
` Isa's home and he t hought t hat t hey would surely capt ure him, Allah saved him from t hem,
raising him up from t he house t o heaven. Allah put t he image of ` Isa on a man who was in t he
house; when t he unj ust people went in t he house while it was st ill dark, t hey t hought t hat he
was ` Isa. They capt ured t hat man, humiliat ed and crucified him. They also placed t horns on his
head. However, Allah deceived t hese people. He saved and raised His Prophet from t hem,
leaving t hem in disarray in t he darkness of t heir t ransgression, t hinking t hat t hey had
successfully achieved t heir goal. Allah made t heir heart s hard, and defiant of t he t rut h,
disgracing t hem in such disgrace t hat it will remain wit h t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゲ∠ ム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲム∠ ョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey plot t ed, and Allah planned t oo. And Allah is t he Best of t hose who plot .)
ヴ
ｚャ∠ま͡ マ ∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ ∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやモ ⊥ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰあト
∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠
ヶ
ｚャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやベ
∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚや
-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ͡ ∇ゲョ∠
ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プや⇔ギΑ͡ギセ ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ
∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョほ∠プ∠
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚルリあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ιｘや∠ヱ
∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ れ ͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢
リ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わル∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ - リ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
びユ͡ Β͡ムエ
∠ ∇ャやゲ͡ ∇ミグあャや∠ヱろ
͡ ⇒∠ΑΓや
t (55. And (remember) when Allah said: "O ` Isa! I will t ake you and raise you t o Myself and
purify save you from t hose who disbelieve, and I will make t hose who follow you superior t o
t hose who disbelieve t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion. Then you will ret urn t o Me and I will j udge
bet ween you in t he mat t ers in which you used t o disput e.'' (56. "As t o t hose who disbelieve, I
will punish t hem wit h severe t orment in t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will have no
helpers.'') (57. And as for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, Allah will pay t hem
t heir reward in full. And Allah does not like t he wrongdoers.) (58. This is what We recit e t o you
of t he verses and t he Wise Reminder.)
Meaning of ` Take You

Allah said,
びヴ
ｚャ∠ま͡ マ
∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ
∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ぴ
(I will t ake you and raise you t o Myself) while you are asleep. Allah said in a similar Ayat ,
びモ
͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よユ⊥ム⇒ｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ン͡グャｚやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(It is He Who t akes your souls by night (when you are asleep).) 6:60 , and,
∇ろヨ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ゎ∇ヲョ͡ リ

∠ Β͡ェザ
∠ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙやヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぴ
びゅ∠ヰ⇒͡ョゅ∠レョ∠ ヴ͡プ
(It is Allah Who t akes away t he souls at t he t ime of t heir deat h, and t hose t hat die not during
t heir sleep.) 39:42 .
The Messenger of Allah used t o recit e t he following words when he would awaken;
ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠レゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ヵ͡グャｚやぶ

͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ
∠ ∇ャや»
«ケヲ⊥ゼレぁャや
(All t he t hanks are due t o Allah Who brought us back t o life aft er He had caused us t o die
(sleep), and t he Ret urn is t o Him).
Allah said,
ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ
∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
メ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ らあセ
⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らヤ∠タ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(And because of t heir disbelief and allegat ions against Maryam and because of t heir saying "We
killed Al-Masih ` Isa, son of Maryam, t he Messenger of Allah, but t hey killed him not , nor
crucified him, but it appeared t hat way t o t hem) unt il,
ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ らあセ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠
ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ∇レあョマｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ヱ∠
モ∠よ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ボΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リあヌｚャやネ ∠ ゅ∠らゎあや Ιｚま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ ͡ ∇リョ͡
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ
∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケｚ
ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ
∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ
ｚレ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ ャ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ラ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠
(For surely; t hey killed him not But Allah raised him up unt o Himself. And Allah is Ever All-
Powerful, All-Wise. And t here is none of t he people of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) but
must believe in him before his deat h. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he ` Isa will be a
wit ness against t hem.) 4:156-159
` His deat h' refers t o ` Isa, and t he Ayah means t hat t he People of t he Book will believe in ` Isa,
before ` Isa dies. This will occur when ` Isa comes back t o t his world before t he Day of
Resurrect ion, as we will explain. By t hat t ime, all t he People of t he Book will believe in ` Isa,
for he will annul t he Jizyah and he will only accept Islam from people. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded
t hat Al-Hasan said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びマ
∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ぴ
(I will t ake you) is in reference t o sleep, for Allah raised ` Isa while he was asleep.
Altering the Religion of ` Isa

Allah said,
∠ Α͡グャｚやリ
∠ ョ͡ ポ
∠ ゲ⊥ ヰあト
∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And purify save you from t hose who disbelieve) by raising you t o heaven,
ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやベ
∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ポ
∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚやリ
∠ Α͡グャｚやモ ⊥ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ぴ
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠
(And I will make t hose who follow you superior t o t hose who disbelieve, t ill t he Day of
Resurrect ion)
This is what happened. When Allah raised ` Isa t o heaven, his followers divided int o sect s and
groups. Some of t hem believed in what Allah sent ` Isa as, a servant of Allah, His Messenger,
and t he son of His female-servant .
However, some of t hem went t o t he ext reme over ` Isa, believing t hat he was t he son of Allah.
Some of t hem said t hat ` Isa was Allah Himself, while ot hers said t hat he was one of a Trinit y.
Allah ment ioned t hese false creeds in t he Qur'an and refut ed t hem. The Christ ians remained
like t his unt il t he t hird cent ury CE, when a Greek king called, Const ant ine, became a Christ ian
for t he purpose of dest roying Christ ianit y. Const ant ine was eit her a philosopher, or he was j ust
plain ignorant . Const ant ine changed t he religion of ` Isa by adding t o it and delet ing from it . He
est ablished t he rit uals of Christ ianit y and t he so-called Great Trust , which is in fact t he Great
Treachery. He also allowed t hem t o eat t he meat of swine, changed t he direct ion of t he prayer
t hat ` Isa est ablished t o t he east , built churches for ` Isa, and added t en days t o t he fast as
compensat ion for a sin t hat he commit t ed, as claimed. So t he religion of ` Isa became t he
religion of Const ant ine, who built more t hen t welve t housand churches, t emples and
monast eries for t he Christ ians as well as t he cit y t hat bears his name, Const ant inople
(Ist anbul). Throughout t his t ime, t he Christ ians had t he upper hand and dominat ed t he Jews.
Allah aided t hem against t he Jews because t hey used t o be closer t o t he t rut h t han t he Jews,
even t hough bot h groups were and st ill are disbelievers, may Allah's curse descend on t hem.
When Allah sent Muhammad , t hose who believed in him also believed in Allah, His Angels,
Books and Messengers in t he correct manner. So t hey were t he t rue followers of every Prophet
who came t o eart h. They believed in t he unlet t ered Prophet , t he Final Messenger and t he
mast er of all mankind, who called t hem t o believe in t he t rut h in it s ent iret y. This is why t hey
had more right t o every Prophet t han his own nat ion, especially t hose who claim t o follow t heir
Prophet 's way and religion, yet change and alt er his religion. Furt hermore, Allah abrogat ed all
t he laws t hat were sent down t o t he Prophet s wit h t he Law He sent Muhammad wit h, which
consist s of t he t rue religion t hat shall never change or be alt ered unt il t he commencement of
t he Last Hour. Muhammad's religion shall always be dominant and vict orious over all ot her
religions. This is why Allah allowed Muslims t o conquer t he east ern and west ern part s of t he
world and t he kingdoms of t he eart h. Furt hermore, all count ries submit t ed t o t hem; t hey
demolished Kisra (king of Persia) and dest royed t he Czar, ridding t hem of t heir t reasures and
spending t hese t reasures for Allah's sake. All t his occurred j ust as t heir Prophet t old t hem it
would, when he conveyed Allah's st at ement ,
れ
͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
リ͡ョリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやブ
∠ ヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ヨミ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケ∇Ιやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヘ∠ ヤ͡∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケやン͡グャｚやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リｚレ∠ ム∂ ヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠
Ι
∠ ヴ͡レル∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ⇔レ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ∇ヲカ ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ∂ョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚャ∠ギ∂ ら∠ Β⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠
びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヴ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥
(Allah has promised t hose among you who believe and do right eous good deeds, t hat He will
cert ainly grant t hem succession in t he land, as He grant ed it t o t hose before t hem, and t hat He
will grant t hem t he aut horit y t o pract ice t heir religion which He has chosen for t hem. And He
will surely give t hem in exchange a safe securit y aft er t heir fear (provided) t hey worship Me
and do not associat e anyt hing wit h Me.) 24:55 .
Therefore, Muslims are t he t rue believers in ` Isa. The Muslims t hen acquired Ash-Sham from
t he Christ ians, causing t hem t o evacuat e t o Asia Minor, t o t heir fort ified cit y in Const ant inople.
The Muslims will be above t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Indeed, he, Muhammad , who is
t rut hful and who received t he t rue news, has conveyed t o Muslims t hat t hey will conquer
Const ant inople in t he fut ure, and seize it s t reasures.
Threatening the Disbelievers with Torment in This Life and the

Hereafter
Allah said,
ヴ
ｚャ∠ま͡ マ∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ ∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやモ ⊥ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ⊥ ヰあト∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠
ヶ
ｚャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやベ
∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚや
-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ
͡ ∇ゲョ∠
ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プや⇔ギΑ͡ギセ
∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ
∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョほ∠プ∠
͡ ⇒ｚルリあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ιｘや∠ヱ
(And I will make t hose who follow you superior t o t hose who disbelieve t ill t he Day of
Resurrect ion. Then you will ret urn t o Me and I will j udge bet ween you in t he mat t ers in which
you used t o disput e. As t o t hose who disbelieve, I will punish t hem wit h a severe t orment in
t his world and in t he Hereaft er, and t hey will have no helpers.)
This is what Allah did t o t he Jews who disbelieved in ` Isa and t he Christ ians who went t o t he
ext reme over him. Allah t orment ed t hem in t his life; t hey were killed, capt ured, and lost t heir
wealt h and kingdoms. Their t orment in t he Hereaft er is even worse and more severe,
びベ
∃ や∠ヱリ͡ョヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョあユ⊥ヰャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey have no Waq (defender or prot ect or) against Allah) 13:34 .
∇ユヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ れ
͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥
(And as for t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, Allah will pay t hem t heir reward in
full) in t his life, wit h vict ory and dominat ion, and in t he Hereaft er, wit h Paradise and high
grades,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
(And Allah does not like t he wrongdoers.)
Allah t hen said,
びユ͡ Β͡ムエ
∠ ∇ャやゲ͡ ∇ミグあャや∠ヱろ
͡ ⇒∠ΑΓやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わル∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
(This is what We recit e t o you of t he verses and t he Wise Reminder.) meaning, "What We
narrat ed t o you, O Muhammd, regarding ` Isa, his birt h and his life, is what Allah conveyed and
revealed t o you, sent down from t he Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz (The Preserved Tablet ). So t here is no
doubt in it . Similarly, Allah said in Surah Maryam;
ヮ͡ Β͡プン͡グャｚやペあエ
∠ ∇ャやメ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハマ ∠ ャ͡クぴ
ヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ
⊥ ギ∃ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ͡ョグ∠ ガ
͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺヮ͡ ヤｚャラ
∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚみ͡プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴツ∠ ホ∠ や∠クま͡
(Such is ` Isa, son of Maryam. (It is) a st at ement of t rut h, about which t hey doubt (or disput e).
It befit s not Allah t hat He should beget a son. Glorified be He. When He decrees a t hing, He
only says t o it : "Be!'' and it is.)
リ͡ョヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢モ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハヴ∠ジΒ͡ハモ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラｚま͡ぴ

Κ∠ プ∠ マ ∠ よあケｚリ͡ョペぁエ ∠ ∇ャや - ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥
ゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヮ͡ Β͡プマ ∠ィｚべ∠ェ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャやリあョ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠
∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ネ⊥ ∇ギル∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅバ∠ ゎ∠ ∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ポ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ
∇モヰ͡ わ∠ ∇らル∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱゅ∠レジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠
ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワラｚま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ⊥ レ∠ ∇バｚャモ∠バ∇イレ∠ プ∠
ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ペぁエ ∠ ∇ャやゾ ⊥ ダ ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャや
∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや
びリ ∠ Α͡ギジ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ
(59. Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah is t he likeness of Adam. He creat ed him from dust ,
t hen said t o him: "Be!'' and he was.) (60. (This is) t he t rut h from your Lord, so be not of t hose
who doubt .) (61. Then whoever disput es wit h you concerning him aft er t he knowledge t hat has
come t o you, say: "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women,
ourselves and yourselves, t hen we pray and we invoke Allah's curse upon t he liars.'') (62. Verily,
t his is t he t rue narrat ive, and t here is no god except Allah. And indeed, Allah is t he Almight y,
t he All-Wise.) (63. And if t hey t urn away, t hen surely, Allah is All-Aware of t hose who do
mischief.)
The Similarities Between the Creation of Adam and the Creation of

` Isa
Allah said,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハヴ∠ジΒ͡ハモ

∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah) regarding Allah's abilit y, since He creat ed him wit hout
a fat her,
びュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢モ
͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
(is t he likeness of Adam), for Allah creat ed Adam wit hout a fat her or a mot her. Rat her,
びラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ プ∠ リ⊥ミヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホｚユを⊥ ゆ
∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ぴ
(He creat ed him from dust , t hen (He) said t o him: "Be!'' and he was.)
Therefore, He Who creat ed Adam wit hout a fat her or a mot her is able t o creat e ` Isa, as well,
wit hout a fat her. If t he claim is made t hat ` Isa is Allah's son because he was creat ed wit hout a
fat her, t hen t he same claim befit s Adam even more. However, since such a claim regarding
Adam is obviously false, t hen making t he same claim about ` Isa is even more false.
Furt hermore, by ment ioning t hese fact s, Allah emphasizes His abilit y, by creat ing Adam
wit hout a male or female, Hawa' from a male wit hout a female, and ` Isa from a mot her
wit hout a fat her, compared t o His creat ing t he rest of creat ion from male and female. This is
why Allah said in Surah Maryam,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレ∇ヤャある⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ∇イレ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And We made him a sign for mankind) 19: 21 .
Allah said in t his Ayah,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲわ∠ ∇ヨヨ⊥ ∇ャやリあョ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ マ
∠ よあケｚリ͡ョペ
ぁエ
∠ ∇ャやぴ
((This is) t he t rut h from your Lord, so be not of t hose who doubt .) meaning, t his is t he only
t rue st ory about ` Isa, and what is beyond t rut h save falsehood Allah next commands His
Messenger t o call t hose who defy t he t rut h, regarding ` Isa, t o t he Mubahalah (t he curse).
The Challenge to the Mubahalah

∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ポ
∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヮ͡ Β͡プマ ∠ィｚべ∠ェ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ
∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ネ ⊥ ∇ギル∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠
び∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱゅ∠レジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠
(Then whoever disput es wit h you concerning him aft er t he knowledge t hat has come t o you,
say: "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and
yourselves'') for t he Mubahalah,
び∇モヰ͡ わ∠ ∇らル∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ

(t hen we pray), supplicat e,
びリ
∠ Β͡よグ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
⊥ レ∠ ∇バャｚモ∠バ∇イレ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(and we invoke Allah's curse upon t he liars) among t he t wo of us.
The reason for t he call t o Mubahalah and t he revelat ion of t he Ayat from t he beginning of t his
Surah unt il here, is t hat a delegat ion from t he Christ ians of Naj ran (in Yemen) came t o Al-
Madinah t o argue about ` Isa, claiming t hat he was divine and t he son of Allah. Allah sent down
t he beginning of t his Surah unt il here, t o refut e t heir claims, as Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq bin
Yasar and ot her scholars st at ed.
Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar said in his famous Sirah, "The delegat ion of Christ ians from
Naj ran came t o t he Messenger of Allah . The delegat ion consist ed of sixt y horsemen, including
fourt een of t heir chiefs who make decisions. These men were Al-` Aqib, also known as ` Abdul-
Masih, As-Sayyid, also known as Al-Ayham, Abu Harit hah bin ` Alqamah, of t he family of Bakr
bin Wa` il and Uways bin Al-Harit h. They also included, Zayd, Qays, Yazid, Nabih, Khuwaylid,
` Amr, Khalid, ` Abdullah and Yuhannas. Three of t hese men were chiefs of t his delegat ion, Al-
` Aqib, t heir leader and t o whom t hey referred for advice and decision; As-Sayyid, t heir scholar
and leader in j ourneys and social gat herings; and Abu Harit hah bin ` Alqamah, t heir pat riarch,
priest and religious leader. Abu Harit hah was an Arab man from t he family of Bakr bin Wa` il,
but when he embraced Christ ianit y, t he Romans and t heir kings honored him and built churches
for him (or in his honor). They also support ed him financially and gave him servant s, because
t hey knew how firm his fait h in t heir religion was.'' Abu Harit hah knew t he descript ion of t he
Messenger of Allah from what he read in earlier divine Books. However, his ot herwise ignorance
led him t o insist on remaining a Christ ian, because he was honored and had a high posit ion wit h
t he Christ ians. Ibn Ishaq said, "Muhammad bin Ja` far bin Az-Zubayr said t hat , ` The (Naj ran)
delegat ion came t o t he Messenger of Allah in Al-Madinah, ent ered his Masj id wearing robes and
garment s, aft er t he Prophet had prayed t he ` Asr prayer. They accompanied a caravan of
camels led by Bani Al-Harit h bin Ka` b. The Companions of t he Messenger of Allah who saw
t hem said t hat t hey never saw a delegat ion like t hem aft er t hat ... Then Abu Harit hah bin
` Alqamah and Al-` Aqib ` Abdul-Masih or As-Sayyid Al-Ayham spoke t o t he Messenger of Allah ,
and t hey were Christ ians like t he king (Roman King). However, t hey disagreed about ` Isa; some
of t hem said, ` He is Allah,' while some said, ` He is t he son of Allah,' and some ot hers said, ` He
is one of a t rinit y.' Allah is far from what t hey at t ribut e t o Him.''
Indeed, t hese are t he creeds of t he Christ ians. They claim t hat ` Isa is God, since he brought
t he dead back t o life, healed blindness, leprosy and various illnesses, t old about mat t ers of t he
fut ure, creat ed t he shape of birds and blew life int o t hem, bringing t hem t o life. However, all
t hese miracles occurred by Allah's leave, so t hat ` Isa would be a sign from Allah for people.
They also claim t hat ` Isa is t he son of Allah, since he did not have a fat her and he spoke when
he was in t he cradle, a miracle which had not occurred by any among t he Children of Adam
before him, so t hey claim. They also claim t hat ` Isa is one of a t rinit y, because Allah would
say, ` We did, command, creat e and demand.' They said, ` If Allah were one, he would have
said, ` I did, command, creat e and decide.' This is why t hey claim t hat ` Isa and Allah are one
(Trinit y). Allah is far from what t hey at t ribut e t o Him, and we should ment ion t hat t he Qur'an
refut ed all t hese false Christ ian claims.
Ibn Ishaq cont inued, "When t hese Ayat came t o t he Messenger from Allah , t hus j udging
bet ween him and t he People of t he Book, Allah also commanded t he Prophet t o call t hem t o
t he Mubahalah if t hey st ill refused t he t rut h. The Prophet called t hem t o t he Mubahalah. They
said, ` O Abu Al-Qasim! Let us t hink about t his mat t er and get back t o you wit h our decision t o
what we want t o do.' They left t he Prophet and conferred wit h Al-` Aqib, t o whom t hey
referred t o for advice. They said t o him, ` O ` Abdul-Masih! What is your advice' He said, ` By
Allah, O Christ ian fellows! You know t hat Muhammad is a Messenger and t hat he brought you
t he final word regarding your fellow (` Isa). You also know t hat no Prophet conduct ed
Mubahalah wit h any people, and t he old persons among t hem remained safe and t he young
people grew up. Indeed, it will be t he end of you if you do it . If you have already decided t hat
you will remain in your religion and your creed regarding your fellow (` Isa), t hen conduct a
t reat y wit h t he man (Muhammad) and go back t o your land.' They came t o t he Prophet and
said, ` O Abu Al-Qasim! We decided t hat we cannot do Mubahalah wit h you and t hat you remain
on your religion, while we remain on our religion. However, send wit h us a man from your
Companions whom you are pleased wit h t o j udge bet ween us regarding our monet ary disput es,
for you are accept able t o us in t his regard.'''
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Hudhayfah said, "Al-` Aqib and As-Sayyid, t wo leaders from Naj ran,
came t o t he Messenger of Allah seeking t o invoke Allah for curses (against whoever is unj ust
among t hem), and one of t hem said t o t he ot her, ` Let us not do t hat . By Allah, if he were t ruly
a Prophet and we invoke Allah for curses, we and our offspring shall never succeed aft erwards.'
So t hey said, ` We will give you what you asked and send a t rust ed man wit h us, j ust a t rust ed
man.' The Messenger of Allah said;
«リΒ͡ョぺ∠ ペ
ｚェ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ョぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ
⊥ ケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ
ｚん∠ バ∠ ∇よほ∠ャ∠»
:
«ゥやｚゲイ
∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ∇より∠ ギ∠ ∇Βら∠ ハ
⊥ ゅ∠よ∠ぺゅ∠Α ∇ユホ⊥ »
:
«るｚョほ⊥∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ワリ
⊥ Β͡ョぺ∠ や∠グワ∠ »
("Verily, I will send a t rust ed man wit h you, a t ruly t rust wort hy man.'' The Companions of t he
Messenger of Allah all felt eager t o be t hat man. The Messenger said, "O Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-
Jarrah! St and up.'' When Abu ` Ubaydah st ood up, t he Messenger of Allah said, "This is t he
t rust ee of t his Ummah.''')
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said on anot her occasion,
リ
⊥ ∇より∠ ギ∠ ∇Βら∠ ハ
⊥ ヲ⊥よぺ∠ る͡ ョｚほ⊥∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ワリ
⊥ Β͡ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀リΒ͡ョぺ∠ る∃ ョｚぺ⊥ あモム⊥ ャ͡»
«ゥやｚゲイ ∠ ∇ャや
(Every Ummah has a t rust ee, and t he t rust ee of t his Ummah is Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah.)
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him, said, ` If I see
Muhammad praying next t o t he Ka` bah, I will st ep on his neck.' The Prophet lat er said,
キヲヰΒャやラぺヲャヱ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠Βハ

͡ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ
∠ ほ∠ャ∠ モ
∠ バ∠ プ∠ ∇ヲャ∠»
∩ケゅレャやリョユワギハゅボョやヱぺケヱ ∩やヲゎゅヨャれヲヨャややヲレヨゎ
ぶやヴヤダヰヤャやメヲシケラヲヤワゅらΑ リΑグャやァゲカヲャヱ
«ゅ⇔ヤワぺ Ιヱゅ⇔ャゅョラヱギイΑ Ι やヲバィゲャユ∂ヤシヱヮΒヤハ
(Had he t ried t o do it , t he angels would have t aken him publicly. Had t he Jews wished for
deat h, t hey would have perished and would have seen t heir seat s in t he Fire. Had t hose who
sought Mubahalah wit h t he Messenger of Allah, went ahead wit h it , t hey would not have found
est at es or families when t hey ret urned home).'' Al-Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also
recorded t his Hadit h, which At -Tirmidhi graded Hasan Sahih.
Allah t hen said,
びペ
ぁエ∠ ∇ャやゾ
⊥ ダ
∠ ボ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t his is t he t rue narrat ive) meaning, what we narrat ed t o you, O Muhammad, about ` Isa
is t he plain t rut h t hat cannot be avoided,
ゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι
ｚま͡ ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みヘ∠ ヨ⊥ Β͡ムエ
∠ ∇ャや
(and none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah. And indeed, Allah is t he All-Might y, t he All-
Wise. And if t hey t urn away,) by abandoning t his t rut h,
びリ
∠ Α͡ギジ
͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(t hen surely, Allah is All-Aware of t hose who do mischief.) for t hose who abandon t he t rut h for
falsehood commit mischief, and Allah has full knowledge of t hem and will subj ect t hem t o t he
worst punishment . Verily, Allah is able t o cont rol everyt hing, all praise and t hanks are due t o
Him, and we seek refuge wit h Him from His revenge.
ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢∃ へ∠ヲシ

∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ
∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ιｚま͡ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠
ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ͡ ヱ⊥キリあョゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠
(64. Say: "O people of t he Script ure: Come t o a word t hat is j ust bet ween us and you, t hat we
worship none but Allah t he same, and t hat we associat e no part ners wit h Him, and t hat none of
us shall t ake ot hers as lords besides Allah.'' Then, if t hey t urn away, say: "Bear wit ness t hat we
are Muslims.'')
Every Person Knows about Tawhid

This Ayah includes t he People of t he Book, t he Jews and Christ ians, and t hose who follow t heir
ways.
びる∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ょ

͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ
∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "O people of t he Script ure! Come t o a word'')
` Word' - in Arabic - also means a complet e sent ence, as evident from t his Ayah. Allah described
t his word as being one,
び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢∃ へ∠ヲシ
∠ぴ
(t hat is t he same bet ween us and you), an honest and right eous word t hat is fair t o bot h
part ies. Allah t hen explained t his word,
∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ
∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼル⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι
ｚま͡ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ Ι
ｚぺ∠ぴ
(t hat we worship none but Allah (Alone), and t hat we associat e no part ners wit h Him,) we
worship neit her a st at ue, cross, idol, Taghut (false gods), fire or anyt hing else. Rat her, we
worship Allah Alone wit hout part ners, and t his is t he message of all of Allah's Messengers. Allah
said,
ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι
ｚま͡ メ
∃ ヲ⊥シケｚリ͡ョマ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠
(And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed t o him (saying): "None has t he
right t o be worshipped but I (Allah) , so worship Me (Alone and none else).'') 21:25 and,
ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハやラ

͡ ぺ∠ Ι
⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚる∃ ョｚぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ
(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah
(Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Taghut (all false deit ies).'') 16:36 . Allah said next ,
͡ ヱ⊥キリあョゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レツ
⊥ ∇バよ∠ グ∠ ガ
͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
("and t hat none of us shall t ake ot hers as lords besides Allah.'') Ibn Jurayj comment ed, "We do
not obey each ot her in disobedience t o Allah.''
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(Then, if t hey t urn away, say: "Bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.'') if t hey abandon t his fair
call, t hen let t hem know t hat you will remain in Islam as Allah has legislat ed for you.
We should ment ion t hat t he let t er t hat t he Prophet sent t o Heraclius reads, "In t he Name of
Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful. From Muhammad, t he Messenger of Allah, t o
Heraclius, Leader of t he Romans: peace be upon t hose who follow t he t rue guidance. Embrace
Islam and you will acquire safet y, embrace Islam and Allah will grant you a double reward.
However, if you t urn away from it , t hen you will carry t he burden of t he peasant s, and,
∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢∃ へ∠ヲシ

∠ る∃ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ
グ∠ ガ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼル⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや Ι ｚま͡ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バル∠ Ιｚぺ∠
∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ͡ ヱ⊥キリあョゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚルほ∠よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セや ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠
("O people of t he Script ure: Come t o a word t hat is t he same bet ween us and you, t hat we
worship none but Allah (Alone), and t hat we associat e no part ners wit h Him, and t hat none of
us shall t ake ot hers as lords besides Allah.'' Then, if t hey t urn away, say: "Bear wit ness t hat we
are Muslims.'')''
Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot her scholars said t hat t he beginning of Surah Al ` Imran, and more
t han eight y verses t hereaft er; were revealed about t he delegat ion of Naj ran. Az-Zuhri st at ed
t hat t he people of Naj ran were t he first people t o pay t he Jizyah (t ax money paid t o t he
Muslim St at e). However, t here is no disagreement t hat t he Ayah t hat ordained t he Jizyah
9:29 was revealed aft er t he Fat h (conquering Makkah, and t herefore, aft er t he delegat ion of
Naj ran came t o Al-Madinah). So, how can t his Ayah 3:64 be cont ained in t he Prophet 's let t er
t o Heraclius before t he vict ory of Makkah, and how can we harmonize bet ween t he st at ement s
of Muhammad bin Ishaq and Az-Zuhri The answer is t hat t he delegat ion of Naj ran came before
Al-Hudaybiyyah (before t he vict ory of Makkah), and what t hey paid was in lieu of t he
Mubahalah; not as Jizyah. The Ayah about t he Jizyah was lat er revealed, and it s ruling
support ed what occurred wit h t he Naj ran people. In support of t his opinion, we should ment ion
t hat in anot her inst ance, t he ruling on dividing t he boot y int o one - fift h (for t he Prophet ) and
four-fift hs (for t he fight ers) agreed wit h t he pract ice of ` Abdullah bin Jahsh during t he raid
t hat he led before Badr. An Ayah lat er on upheld t he way ` Abdullah divided t he boot y.
Therefore, it is possible t hat t he Prophet wrot e t his st at ement (Say, "O People of t he Script ure.
..'') in his let t er t o Heraclius before t he Ayah was revealed. Lat er on, t he Qur'an agreed wit h
t he Prophet 's st at ement , word by word. It is also a fact t hat t he Qur'an was revealed in
agreement wit h what ` Umar said regarding t he capt ured disbelievers at Badr, t he Hij ab
(Muslim woman code of dress), refraining from performing prayer for t he hypocrit es, and
regarding his st at ement s:
びヴ６ヤダ
∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚリ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ
͡ ゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(And t ake you t he Maqam (place) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer.) 2:125 , and,
や⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ギ͡ ∇らΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺリ
ｚム⊥ ∠ボヤｚ∠デラ͡まヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヴ∠ジハ ∠ぴ
びｚリム⊥ レあョ
(It may be if he divorced you (all) t hat his Lord will give him inst ead of you, wives bet t er t han
you.) 66:5 .
ろ͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴプ͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ

∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ
- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ Ι ｚま͡ モ ⊥ Β͡イ∇ル∇Ηや∠ヱり⊥ や∠ケヲｚわャや
ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∀ユヤ͡ハヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇イイ ∠ ⇒∠ェ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ほワ
Ι∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プラ∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥
ゅ６Βル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Α ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ
リ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョぁゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミリ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠
や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚやリ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺラｚま͡ -
びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ
ぁャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヴ
ぁら͡ レｚャや
(65. O people of t he Script ure! Why do you disput e about Ibrahim, while t he Tawrah and t he
Inj il were not revealed t ill aft er him Have you t hen no sense) (66. Verily, you are t hose who
have disput ed about t hat of which you have knowledge. Why do you t hen disput e concerning
t hat of which you have no knowledge It is Allah Who knows, and you know not .) (67. Ibrahim
was neit her a Jew nor a Christ ian, but he was a t rue Muslim Hanifa and he was not of t he
Mushrikin ) (68. Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who
followed him, and t his Prophet and t hose who have believed. And Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or
and Helper) of t he believers.)
Disputing with the Jews and Christians About the Religion of

Ibrahim
Allah censures t he Jews and Christ ians for t heir disput e wit h Muslims over Ibrahim Al-Khalil and
t he claim each group made t hat he was one of t hem. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar report ed
t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Christ ians of Naj ran and Jewish rabbis gat hered before t he
Messenger of Allah and disput ed in front of him. The rabbis said, ` Ibrahim was cert ainly
Jewish.' The Christ ians said, ` Cert ainly, Ibrahim was Christ ian.' So Allah sent down,
びユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ͡プラ

∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ
(O people of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Why do you disput e about Ibrahim,) meaning,
` How is it t hat you, Jews, claim t hat Ibrahim was Jew, alt hough he lived before Allah sent
down t he Tawrah t o Musa How is it t hat you, Christ ians, claim t hat Ibrahim was Christ ian,
alt hough Christ ianit y came aft er his t ime'' This is why Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
(Have you t hen no sense)
Allah t hen said,
ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∀ユヤ͡ハヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ムャ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇イイ ∠ ⇒∠ェ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ほワぴ
び∀ユ∇ヤ͡ハヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プラ
∠ ヲぁィべ∠エゎ⊥
c(Verily, you are t hose who have disput ed about t hat of which you have knowledge. Why do
you t hen disput e concerning t hat of which you have no knowledge)
This Ayah crit icizes t hose who argue and disput e wit hout knowledge, j ust as t he Jews and
Christ ians did concerning Ibrahim. Had t hey disput ed about t heir religions, which t hey had
knowledge of, and about t he Law t hat was legislat ed for t hem unt il Muhammad was sent , it
would have been bet t er for t hem. Rat her, t hey disput ed about what t hey had no knowledge of,
so Allah crit icized t hem for t his behavior. Allah commanded t hem t o refer what t hey have no
knowledge of t o He Who knows t he seen and unseen mat t ers and Who knows t he t rue realit y of
all t hings. This is why Allah said,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ Ι
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(It is Allah Who knows, and you know not .)
Allah said,
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ６Βル͡ や∠ゲ∇ダル∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ６Α͡キヲ⊥ヰ∠Α ユ⊥ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ
∠ ゅミ∠ ゅ∠ョぴ
びゅ⇔ヨ͡ヤ∇ジョぁゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ
∠
(Ibrahim was neit her a Jew nor a Christ ian, but he was a t rue Muslim Hanifa), shunning Shirk
and living in Iman,
びリ
∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and he was not of t he Mushrikin.)
This Ayah is similar t o t he Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah,

び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey say, "Be Jews or Christ ians, t hen you will be guided...'') 2:135 .
Allah said next ,
や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚやリ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Βワ͡ ゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺラｚま͡ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ
ぁャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヴ
(Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him, and
t his Prophet and t hose who have believed. And Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or and Helper) of t he
believers.)
This Ayah means, "The people who have t he most right t o be followers of Ibrahim are t hose
who followed his religion and t his Prophet , Muhammad , and his Companions from t he
Muhaj irin, Ansar and t hose who followed t heir lead.'' Sa` id bin Mansur recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud
said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヶあΒ͡ャ∠ヱラ

ｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠リΒあΒら͡ レｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ り⇔ ゅ∠ャヱ⊥ ヶ
∠ ら͡ ル∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ラ
ｚま͡»
«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ヶあよケ∠ モ ⊥ Β͡ヤカ
∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠
(Every Prophet had a Wali (support er, best friend) from among t he Prophet s. My Wali among
t hem is my fat her Ibrahim, t he Khalil (int imat e friend) of my Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most
Honored)
The Prophet t hen recit ed,
びロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚやリ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him...)
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ
ぁャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is t he Wali (Prot ect or and Helper) of t he believers.) means, Allah is t he Prot ect or of
all t hose who believe in His Messengers.
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∠ルヲぁヤ͡ツΑ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョある∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデれｚキヱ∠ ぴ
ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι
∠ ま͡ ラ∠ ヲぁヤツ͡ Α⊥
モ ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ͡ ⇒∠Αほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡
ペｚエ ∠ ∇ャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よペ
ｚエ ∠ ∇ャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや
ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョある∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデろ∠ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠
ヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や￢∠
Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ カ
͡ や∠￢ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ミや∠ヱケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚャや
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやン∠ギワ⊥ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャやラｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キノ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ Ι ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥
ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲぁィべ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺべ∠ョモ ∠ ∇んョあギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ モ∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャやラｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ よあケ∠
ヱ⊥クヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ゾぁわ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠
びユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャやモ͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャや
(69. A part y of t he People of t he Script ure wish t o lead you ast ray. But t hey shall not lead
ast ray anyone except t hemselves, and t hey perceive not .) (70. "O People of t he Script ure! Why
do you disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah, while you bear wit ness.'') (71. "O People of t he
Script ure! Why do you mix t rut h wit h falsehood and conceal t he t rut h while you know'') (72.
And a part y of t he People of t he Script ure say: "Believe in t he morning in t hat which is revealed
t o t he believers, and rej ect it at t he end of t he day, so t hat t hey may t urn back.) (73. And
believe no one except t he one who follows your religion.'' Say (O Prophet ): "Verily, right
guidance is t he guidance of Allah.'' (And t hey say:) "Do not believe t hat anyone can receive like
t hat which you have received, ot herwise t hey would engage you in argument before your Lord.''
Say: "All t he bount y is in t he Hand of Allah; He grant s t o whom He wills. And Allah is All-
Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.'') (74. He select s for His Mercy whom He wills
and Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.)
The Envy the Jews Feel Towards Muslims; Their Wicked Plots
Against Muslims
Allah st at es t hat t he Jews envy t he fait hful and wish t hey could misguide t hem. Allah st at es
t hat t he punishment of t his behavior will fall back upon t hem, while t hey are unaware. Allah
crit icizes t hem,
∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ

͡ ⇒∠Αほ∠よ͡ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠
(O People of t he Script ure!: Why do you disbelieve in t he Ayat of Allah, while you bear
wit ness.)
You know for cert ain t hat Allah's Ayat are t rue and aut hent ic,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ モ
͡ト
͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よペ
ｚエ∠ ∇ャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇ヤゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ
͡ ⇒わ∠ ム͡ ∇ャやモ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ペｚエ ∠ ∇ャや
(O People of t he Script ure: Why do you mix t rut h wit h falsehood and conceal t he t rut h while
you know) by hiding what is in your Books about t he descript ion of Muhammad , while you know
what you do.
ヵ͡グャｚゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ

͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョある∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデろ∠ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ミや∠ヱケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚャやヮ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ
びロ⊥ ゲ∠ カ
͡ や∠￢
(And a part y of t he People of t he Script ure say: "Believe in t he morning in t hat which is
revealed t o t he believers, and rej ect it at t he end of t he day,)
This is a wicked plan from t he People of t he Book t o deceive Muslims who are weak in t he
religion. They decided t hat t hey would pret end t o be believers in t he beginning of t he day, by
at t ending t he dawn prayer wit h t he Muslims. However, when t he day ended, t hey would revert
t o t heir old religion so t hat t he ignorant people would say, "They revert ed t o t heir old religion
because t hey uncovered some short comings in t he Islamic religion.'' This is why t hey said next .
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥バィ
͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ
(so t hat t hey may t urn back.) Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat Muj ahid comment ed about t his Ayah,
which refers t o t he Jews, "They at t ended t he dawn prayer wit h t he Prophet and disbelieved in
t he end of t he day in order t o misguide t he people. This way, people would t hink t hat t hey
have uncovered short comings in t he religion t hat t hey briefly followed.''
び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キノ∠ ら͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ Ι

ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
("And believe no one except t he one who follows your religion.'')
They said, do not t rust anyone wit h your secret knowledge, except t hose who follow your
religion. Therefore, t hey say, do not expose your knowledge t o Muslims in order t o prevent
t hem from believing in it and, t hus, use it as proof against you. Allah replied,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやン∠ギワ⊥ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャやラ

ｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: (O Prophet ) "Verily, right guidance is t he guidance of Allah.'')
Allah guides t he heart s of t he fait hful t o t he perfect fait h t hrough t he clear Ayat , plain proofs
and unequivocal evidence t hat He has sent down t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad .
This occurs, O you Jews, even t hough you hide t he descript ion of Muhammad . t he unlet t ered
Prophet whom you find in your Books t hat you received from t he earlier Prophet s. Allah's
st at ement ;
ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲぁィべ∠エΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺべ∠ョモ

∠ ∇んョあギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ
び∇ユム⊥ よあケ∠
((And t hey say: ) "Do not believe t hat anyone can receive like t hat which you have received,
ot herwise t hey would engage you in argument before your Lord.'')
They say, "Do not disclose t he knowledge t hat you have t o t he Muslims, t o prevent t hem from
learning it and t hus becoming your equals. They will be even bet t er because t hey will believe
in it or will use it against you as evidence wit h your Lord, and t hus est ablish Allah's proof
against you in t his life and t he Hereaft er.'' Allah said,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ モ

∠ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャやラ
ｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "All t he bount y is in t he Hand of Allah; He grant s t o whom He wills.) meaning, all affairs
are under His cont rol, and He gives and t akes. Verily, Allah gives fait h, knowledge and sound
comprehension t o whomever He wills. He also misguides whomever He wills by blinding his
sight , mind, sealing his heart , hearing and st amping his eyes closed. Allah has t he perfect
wisdom and t he unequivocal proofs.
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェゲ∠ よ͡ ゾ
ぁわ∠ ∇ガΒ∠ ヨ∀ Β͡ヤハ
∠ ノ∀ シ
͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
びユ͡ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャやモ
͡ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャやヱ⊥ク
(And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.'' He select s for His mercy whom
He wills and Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.) meaning, He has endowed you, O believers,
wit h t remendous virt ue, in t hat He honored your Prophet Muhammad over all ot her prophet s,
and by direct ing you t o t he best Shari` ah t here is.
ロ͡ キあぽ∠ Α⊥ ケ∃ ゅ∠ト∇レボ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇リョ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

Ιｚま͡ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ͡ キあぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι
ｚケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡ギよ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ⇔ヨも͡ べ∠ホヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョ
∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∀モΒ͡らシ ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε ⊥ やヴ͡プ
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚや∠ヱロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α
びリ ∠ Β͡ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ͡ Α⊥
(75. Among t he People of t he Script ure is he who, if ent rust ed wit h a Qint ar (a great amount of
wealt h), will readily pay it back; and among t hem t here is he who, if ent rust ed wit h a single
silver coin, will not repay it unless you const ant ly st and demanding, because t hey say: "There is
no blame on us t o bet ray and t ake t he propert ies of t he illit erat es (Arabs).'' But t hey t ell a lie
against Allah while t hey know it .) (76. Yes, whoever fulfills his pledge and fears Allah much;
verily, t hen Allah loves t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).)
How Trustworthy Are the Jews

Allah st at es t hat t here are deceit ful people among t he Jews. He also warns t he fait hful against
being deceived by t hem, because some of t hem,
びケ∃ ゅ∠ト∇レボ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇リョ∠ ぴ

(if ent rust ed wit h a Qint ar (a great amount )) of money,
びマ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ͡ キあぽ∠ Α⊥ ぴ
(will readily pay it back;) This Ayah indicat es t hat t his t ype would likewise give what is less
t han a Qint ar, as is obvious. However,
ゅ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ マ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ロ͡ キあぽ∠ Α⊥ Ι
ｚケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡ギよ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ͡ま ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヨ͡もべ∠ホヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ろ
∠ ∇ョキ⊥
(and among t hem t here is he who, if ent rust ed wit h a single silver coin, will not repay it unless
you const ant ly st and demanding,) and insist ing on acquiring your right ful propert y. If t his is
what he would do wit h one Dinar, t hen what about what is more t han a Dinar We ment ioned
t he meaning of Qint ar in t he beginning of t his Surah, while t he value of Dinar is well known.
び∀モΒ͡らシ
∠ リ
∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε
⊥ やヴ͡プゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
(because t hey say: "There is no blame on us t o bet ray and t ake t he propert ies of t he illit erat es
(Arabs).'') means, what made t hem rej ect t he t rut h (or what t hey owed) is t hat t hey said,
"There is no harm in our religion if we eat up t he propert y of t he unlet t ered ones, t he Arabs,
for Allah has allowed it for us.'' Allah replied,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ
∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(But t hey t ell a lie against Allah while t hey know it .) for t hey invent ed t his lie and word of
misguidance. Rat her, Allah would not allow t his money for t hem unless t hey had a right t o it .
` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Sa` sa` ah bin Yazid said t hat a man asked Ibn ` Abbas, "During
bat t le, we capt ure some propert y belonging t o Ahl Adh-Dhimmah, such as chickens and sheep.''
Ibn ` Abbas said, "What do you do in t his case'' The man said, "We say t hat t here is no sin (if we
confiscat e t hem) in t his case.'' He said, "That is what t he People of t he Book said,
び∀モΒ͡らシ
∠ リ
∠ ΒあΒョあ Ε
⊥ やヴ͡プゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(There is no blame on us t o bet ray and t ake t he propert ies of t he illit erat es (Arabs).)
Verily, if t hey pay t he Jizyah, t hen you are not allowed t heir propert y, except when t hey
willingly give it up.''
Allah t hen said,

びヴ∠ボゎｚや∠ヱロ͡ ギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ
(Yes, whoever fulfills his pledge and fears Allah much,) fulfills his promise and fears Allah
among you, O People of t he Book, regarding t he covenant Allah t ook from you t o believe in
Muhammad when he is sent , j ust as He t ook t he same covenant from all Prophet s and t heir
nat ions. Whoever avoids Allah's prohibit ions, obeys Him and adheres t o t he Shari` ah t hat He
sent wit h His Final Messenger and t he mast er of all mankind.
びリ
∠ Β͡ボｚわヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(verily, t hen Allah loves t he Mut t aqin.)
Κ⇔Βヤ͡ホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ

∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠ヤカ ∠ Ι ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ⊥ レ∠Α Ι ∠ ヱ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ
(77. Verily, t hose who purchase a small gain at t he cost of Allah's covenant and t heir oat hs,
t hey shall have no port ion in t he Hereaft er (Paradise). Neit her will Allah speak t o t hem nor
look at t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion, nor will He purify t hem, and t hey shall have a painful
t orment .)
There is No Share in the Hereafter for Those Who Break Allah's

Covenant
Allah st at es t hat whoever prefers t he small t hings of t his short , soon t o end life, inst ead of
fulfilling what t hey have promised Allah by following Muhammad , announcing his descript ion
from t heir books t o people and affirming his t rut h, t hen,
びり͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ペ
∠ ⇒∠ヤカ
∠ Ι
∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(t hey shall have no port ion in t he Hereaft er.)
They will not have a share or part in t he Hereaft er's rewards,

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ
⊥ レ∠Α Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Neit her will Allah speak t o t hem nor look at t hem on t he Day of Resurrect ion) wit h His mercy.
This Ayah indicat es t hat Allah will not speak words of kindness nor look at t hem wit h any
mercy,
び∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor will He purify t hem) from sins and impurit ies. Rat her, He will order t hem t o t he Fire,
び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hey shall have a painful t orment .)
There are several Hadit hs on t he subj ect of t his Ayah, some of which follow. The First Hadit h
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "The Messenger of Allah said, c
ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ⊥ ヌ

⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を»
«ユΒ͡ャぺ∠ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
: :
:
∩͡ゆク͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャやブ
͡ ヤ͡エ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヮ⊥ わ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤシ
͡ ペ
⊥ あヘレ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥モら͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや»
«ラゅｚレヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(There are t hree persons whom Allah will not speak t o, look at on t he Day of Resurrect ion or
purify, and t hey shall t ast e a painful t orment . I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Who are t hey, may
t hey gain failure and loss' He said, repeat ing t his st at ement t hrice, ` The Musbil (man whose
clot hes reach below t he ankles), he who swears while lying so as t o sell his merchandize and
t he one who gives charit y and reminds people of it ).')'' This was also recorded by Muslim, and
t he collect ors of t he Sunan. Anot her Hadit h
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Adi bin ` Amirah Al-Kindi said, "Imru' Al-Qays bin ` Abis, a man from
Kindah, disput ed wit h a man from Hadramut in front of t he Messenger of Allah concerning a
piece of land. The Prophet required t he man from Hadramut t o present his evidence, but he
did not have any. The Prophet required Imru' Al-Qays t o swear t o his t rut hfulness, but t he man
from Hadramut said, ` O Messenger of Allah! If you only require him t o swear, t hen by t he Lord
of t he Ka` bah (Allah), my land is lost .' The Messenger of Allah said,
メ
∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ヰよ͡ ノ∠ ト
͡ わ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ る∃ よ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ミリ
∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴヤ∠ハブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ
∠ ∇リョ∠ »
«ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ モｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ
∠ やヶ
∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∩∃ギェ
∠ ぺ∠
(Whoever swears while lying t o acquire t he propert y of ot hers, will meet Allah while He is
angry wit h him.)'' Raj a' one of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah t hen
recit ed,
びΚ⇔Βヤ͡ホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ

∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t hose who purchase a small gain at t he cost of Allah's covenant and t heir oat hs...)
Imru' Al-Qays said, ` What if one forfeit s t his disput e, what will he gain, O Messenger of Allah'
The Prophet answered, ` Paradise.' Imru' Al-Qays said, ` Bear wit ness t hat I forfeit all t he land
for him.''' An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h. Anot her Hadit h
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ヰ͡よノ∠ ト
͡ わ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ ∩∀ゲィ
͡ ゅ∠プゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヲ∠ ワ⊥ リ
∃ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴヤ∠ハブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ
∠ ∇リョ∠ »
ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ モｚィ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ ∠ やヶ ∠ ボ͡ ャ∠ ∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ン͡ゲ∇ョやメ∠ ゅ∠ョ
«ラゅ∠ら∇ツビ ∠
(Whoever t akes a false oat h t o deprive a Muslim of his propert y will meet Allah while He is
angry wit h him.)
Al-Ash` at h said, "By Allah! This verse was revealed concerning me. I owned some land wit h a
Jewish man who denied my right , and I complained against him t o t he Messenger of Allah. The
Prophet asked me, ` Do you have evidence' I said, ` I don't have evidence.' He said t o t he Jew,
` Take an oat h t hen.' I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! He will t ake a (false) oat h immediat ely, and I
will lose my propert y.' Allah revealed t he verse,
びΚ⇔Βヤ͡ホ∠ ゅ⇔レヨ∠ を∠ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ ∇ヰバ∠ よ͡ ラ

∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t hose who purchase a small gain at t he cost of Allah's covenant and t heir oat hs...)''
The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. Anot her Hadit h

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ やユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を»

ノ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ∀モィ
⊥ ∠ケ :∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
ヴヤ∠ハブ ∠ ヤ∠ェ ∠ モ ∀ィ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ￢∃ ゅ∠ョモ ∠ ∇ツプ∠ モ ͡ Β͡らジ
ｚャやリ
∠ ∇よや
∩ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ョま͡ ノ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠よモ
∀ィ
⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔よク͡ ゅ∠ミヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ダバ∠ ∇ャやギ∠ ∇バよ∠ る∃ バ∠ ∇ヤシ͡
«ヮ∠ャブ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ͡ ト͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヴ∠プヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠
(Three persons whom Allah shall not speak t o on t he Day of Resurrect ion, or look at , or purify
t hem, and t hey shall t ast e a painful t orment . (They are) a man who does not give t he wayfarer
some of t he wat er t hat he has; a man who swears, while lying, in order t o complet e a sales
t ransact ion aft er t he ` Asr prayer; and a man who gives his pledge of allegiance t o an Imam
(Muslim Ruler), and if t he Imam gives him (somet hing), he fulfills t he pledge, but if t he Imam
does not give him, he does not fulfill t he pledge).
Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi also recorded t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi graded it Hasan Sahih.
ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ ジ

͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らジ
∠ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ
∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠
78. And verily, among t hem is a part y who dist ort t he Book wit h t heir t ongues, so t hat you may
t hink it is from t he Book, but it is not from t he Book, and t hey say: This is from Alla0h, but it is
not from Alla0h and t hey speak a lie against Alla0h while t hey know it .
The Jews Alter Allah's Words

Allah st at es t hat some Jews, may Allah's curses descend on t hem, dist ort Allah's Words wit h
t heir t ongues, change t hem from t heir appropriat e places, and alt er t heir int ended meanings.
They do t his t o deceive t he ignorant people by making it appear t hat t heir words are in t he
Book of Allah. They at t ribut e t heir own lies t o Allah, even t hough t hey know t hat t hey have
lied and invent ed falsehood. Therefore, Allah said,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ
∠ ラ
(and t hey speak a lie against Allah while t hey know it .)
Muj ahid, Ash-Sha` bi, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,
びょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ ジ
͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤΑ∠ ぴ
(who dist ort t he Book wit h t heir t ongues,) means, "They alt er t hem (Allah's Words).''
Al-Bukhari report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means t hey alt er and add alt hough none
among Allah's creat ion can remove t he Words of Allah from His Books, t hey alt er and dist ort
t heir apparent meanings. Wahb bin Munabbih said, "The Tawrah and t he Inj il remain as Allah
revealed t hem, and no let t er in t hem was removed. However, t he people misguide ot hers by
addit ion and false int erpret at ion, relying on books t hat t hey wrot e t hemselves. Then,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ラ

(t hey say: "This is from Allah,'' but it is not from Allah;)
As for Allah's Books, t hey are st ill preserved and cannot be changed.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded
t his st at ement . However, if Wahb meant t he books t hat are current ly in t he hands of t he
People of t he Book, t hen we should st at e t hat t here is no doubt t hat t hey alt ered, dist ort ed,
added t o and delet ed from t hem. For inst ance, t he Arabic versions of t hese books cont ain
t remendous error, many addit ions and delet ions and enormous misint erpret at ion. Those who
rendered t hese t ranslat ions have incorrect comprehension in most , rat her, all of t hese
t ranslat ions. If Wahb meant t he Books of Allah t hat He has wit h Him, t hen indeed, t hese Books
are preserved and were never changed.
ユ∠ ∇ムエ
⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヮ⊥ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺゲ∃ ゼ ∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョぴ
ラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョヴあャや⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミサ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャメ ∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∠りヲｚら⊥ レぁャや∠ヱ
∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠バゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ ΒあΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミリ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや
ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ リ∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚャや∠ヱる∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠
(79. It is not (possible) for any human being t o whom Allah has given t he Book and Al-Hukm and
prophet hood t o say t o t he people: "Be my worshippers rat her t han Allah's.'' On t he cont rary (he
would say): "Be you Rabbaniyyun, because you are t eaching t he Book, and you are st udying it .'')
(80. Nor would he order you t o t ake angels and Prophet s for lords. Would he order you t o
disbelieve aft er you have submit t ed t o Allah's will)
No Prophet Ever Called People to Worship him or to Worship Other

Than Allah
This Ayah 3:79 means, it is not for a person whom Allah has given t he Book, knowledge in t he
Law and prophet hood t o proclaim t o t he people, "Worship me inst ead of Allah,'' meaning, along
wit h Allah. If t his is not t he right of a Prophet or a Messenger, t hen indeed, it is not t he right of
anyone else t o issue such a claim.
This crit icism refers t o t he ignorant rabbis, priest s and t eachers of misguidance, unlike t he
Messengers and t heir sincere knowledgeable followers who implement t heir knowledge; for
t hey only command what Allah commands t hem, as t heir honorable Messengers conveyed t o
t hem. They also forbid what Allah forbade for t hem, by t he words of His honorable Messengers.
The Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on all of t hem, are t he emissaries bet ween
Allah and His creat ion, conveying Allah's Message and Trust . The messengers indeed fulfilled
t heir mission, gave sincere advice t o creat ion and conveyed t he t rut h t o t hem. Allah's
st at ement ,
ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ
∠ ΒあΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミリ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠
(On t he cont rary (he would say), "Be you Rabbaniyyun, because you are t eaching t he Book, and
you are st udying it .'') means, t he Messenger recommends t he people t o be Rabbaniyyun. Ibn
` Abbas, Abu Razin and several ot hers said t hat Rabbaniyyun means, "Wise, learned, and
forbearing.'' Ad-Dahhak comment ed concerning Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠バゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ
(because you are t eaching t he Book, and you are st udying it .) "Whoever learns t he Qur'an
deserves t o become a Faqih (learned).''
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥シケ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and you are st udying it ), preserving it s words.
Allah t hen said,

びゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ リ
∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚャや∠ヱる∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グガ
͡ わｚゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Nor would he order you t o t ake angels and Prophet s for lords.) The Prophet does not command
worshipping ot her t han Allah, whet her a sent Messenger or an angel.
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁユ⊥わル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
(Would he order you t o disbelieve aft er you have submit t ed t o Allah's will) meaning, he would
not do t hat , for whoever calls t o worshipping ot her t han Allah, will have called t o Kufr. The
Prophet s only call t o Iman which commands worshipping Allah Alone wit hout part ners. Allah
said in ot her Ayat ,
ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲ⊥ル Ι
ｚま͡ メ
∃ ヲ⊥シケｚリ͡ョマ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
͡ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠
(And We did not send any Messenger before you (O Muhammad ) but We revealed t o him
(saying): "None has t he right t o be worshipped but I, so worship Me''.) 21:25 ,

͡ ぺ∠ Ι
⇔ ヲ⊥シケｚる∃ ョｚぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び∠れヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚト∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ
(And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah
(Alone), and avoid Taghut (all false deit ies).'') 16:36 , and,
ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ぺ∠ べ∠レ͡ヤシ
⊥ ケぁリ͡ョマ
∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇モゃ∇シや∠ヱぴ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ギら∠ ∇バΑ⊥ る⇔ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢リ
͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚャやラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョ
(And ask t hose of Our Messengers whom We sent before you: "Did We ever appoint gods t o be
worshipped besides t he Most Gracious (Allah)'') 43:45
Allah said concerning t he angels,

ヮ͡ Α͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ
∠ ャ͡グ∠プヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キリあョヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴあルま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モボ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやン͡ゴ∇イル∠ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠
(And if any of t hem should say: "Verily, I am a god besides Him (Allah),'' such a one We should
recompense wit h Hell. Thus We recompense t he wrongdoers.) 21:29 .
ょ
∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リあョユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢べ∠ヨャ∠ リ ∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚャやペ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあダ ∠ ョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィｚユを⊥ る∃ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ ͡ ヱ∠
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠￢∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホヮ⊥ ｚルゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠わャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ｚリレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ∠
∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セゅ∠プメ ∠ ゅ∠ホゅ∠ル∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホン͡ゲ∇タま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク
マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥
(81. And (remember) when Allah t ook t he covenant of t he Prophet s, saying: "Take what ever I
gave you from t he Book and Hikmah, and aft erwards t here will come t o you a Messenger
confirming what is wit h you; you must , t hen, believe in him and help him.'' Allah said: "Do you
agree (t o it ) and will you t ake up Isri'' They said: "We agree.'' He said: "Then bear wit ness; and I
am wit h you among t he wit nesses.'') (82. Then whoever t urns away aft er t his, t hey are t he
rebellious.)
Taking a Pledge From the Prophets to Believe in Our Prophet,

Muhammad
Allah st at es t hat He t ook a pledge from every Prophet whom He sent from Adam unt il ` Isa, t hat
when Allah gives t hem t he Book and t he Hikmah, t hus acquiring what ever high grades t hey
deserve, t hen a Messenger came aft erwards, t hey would believe in and support him. Even
t hough Allah has given t he Prophet s t he knowledge and t he prophet hood, t his fact should not
make t hem refrain from following and support ing t he Prophet who comes aft er t hem. This is
why Allah, t he Most High, Most Honored, said
ょ
∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ リあョユ⊥ムわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢べ∠ヨャ∠ リ
∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚャやペ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びる∃ ヨ∠ ∇ムェ
͡ ヱ∠
(And (remember) when Allah t ook t he covenant of t he Prophet s, saying: "Take what ever I gave
you from t he Book and Hikmah.'') meaning, if I give you t he Book and t he Hikmah,
ヮ͡ よ͡ ｚリレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ∀ベギあダ∠ ョぁ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィｚユを⊥ ぴ

∇ユム⊥ ャ͡クヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠￢∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホヮ⊥ ｚルゲ⊥ ダ
⊥ レ∠わャ∠ヱ∠
びン͡ゲ∇タま͡
("and aft erwards t here will come t o you a Messenger confirming what is wit h you; you must ,
t hen, believe in him and help him.'' Allah said, "Do you agree (t o it ) and will you t ake up Isri'')
Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ar-Rabi` , Qat adah and As-Suddi said t hat ` Isri' means, "My covenant .''
Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat ,
びン͡ゲ∇タま͡ぴ
(Isri) means, "The responsibilit y of My covenant t hat you t ook,'' meaning, t he rat ified pledge
t hat you gave Me.
リ
∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇セゅ∠プメ ∠ ゅ∠ホゅ∠ル∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ
びマ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ ∇リヨ∠ ヘ∠ レ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャや
(They said: "We agree.'' He said: "Then bear wit ness; and I am wit h you among t he wit nesses.''
t hen whoever t urns away aft er t his,'') from fulfilling t his pledge and covenant , c
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ
(t hey are t he rebellious.) ` Ali bin Abi Talib and his cousin ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said, "Allah
never sent a Prophet but aft er t aking his pledge t hat if Muhammad were sent in his lifet ime, he
would believe in and support him.'' Allah commanded each Prophet t o t ake a pledge from his
nat ion t hat if Muhammad were sent in t heir t ime, t hey would believe in and support him.
Tawus, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Qat adah said, "Allah t ook t he pledge from t he Prophet s t hat t hey
would believe in each ot her'', and t his st at ement does not cont radict what ` Ali and Ibn ` Abbas
st at ed.
Therefore, Muhammad is t he Final Prophet unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. He is t he great est
Imam, who if he exist ed in any t ime period, deserves t o be obeyed, rat her t han all ot her
Prophet s. This is why Muhammad led t he Prophet s in prayer during t he night of Isra' when t hey
gat hered in Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem). He is t he int ercessor on t he Day of Gat hering, when
t he Lord comes t o j udge bet ween His servant s. This is Al-Maqam Al-Mahmud (t he praised
st at ion) refer t o 17:79 t hat only Muhammad deserves, a responsibilit y which t he might y
Prophet s and Messengers will decline t o assume. However, Muhammad will carry t he t ask of
int ercession, may Allah's peace and blessings be on him.
ヴ͡プリ∠ョユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ͡ Α͡キゲ∠ ∇Βピ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャや
べ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョ∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥
ゆ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ
ラ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚャや∠ヱヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヅ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇シｘΙや∠ヱ
ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚリ͡ョ
モ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ͡ やゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ͡Ιｘやヴ͡プヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡
(83. Do t hey seek ot her t han t he religion of Allah, while t o Him submit t ed all creat ures in t he
heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly. And t o Him shall t hey all be ret urned.) (84. Say:
"We believe in Allah and in what has been sent down t o us, and what was sent down t o Ibrahim,
Isma` il, Ishaq, Ya` qub and Al-Asbat , and what was given t o Musa, ` Isa and t he Prophet s from
t heir Lord. We make no dist inct ion bet ween one anot her among t hem and t o Him (Allah) we
have submit t ed.'') (85. And whoever seeks a religion ot her t han Islam, it will never be accept ed
of him, and in t he Hereaft er he will be one of t he losers.)
The Only Valid Religion To Allah is Islam

Allah rebukes t hose who prefer a religion ot her t han t he religion t hat He sent His Books and
Messengers wit h, which is t he worship of Allah Alone wit hout part ners, t o Whom,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プリ∠ョユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h,) Willingly, or not . Allah said in ot her
Ayat ,
ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ
∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プリ∠ョギ⊥ イ
⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
びゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠ ヱ∠
(And unt o Allah (Alone) falls in prost rat ion whoever is in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or
unwillingly.) 13:15 , and,
ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヤニ͡ ほ⊥Βｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ∠ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやペ ∠ ヤ∠カ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β∠ ∇ヨャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
ギ⊥ イ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ヨワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ や⇔ギイ
ｚシ⊥ モ ͡ も͡ べ∠ヨゼｚ ∇ャや∠ヱリ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャやリ ͡ハ ∠
る∃ よｚへ∠キリ͡ョチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョ
リあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠
(Have t hey not observed t hings t hat Allah has creat ed: (how) t heir shadows incline t o t he right
and t o t he left , making prost rat ion unt o Allah, and t hey are lowly And t o Allah prost rat e all
t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h, of t he moving creat ures and t he angels, and
t hey are not proud. They fear t heir Lord above t hem, and t hey do what t hey are commanded)
16: 48-50 .
Therefore, t he fait hful believer submit s t o Allah in heart and body, while t he disbeliever
unwillingly submit s t o Him in body only, since he is under Allah's power, irresist ible cont rol and
might y kingship t hat cannot be repelled or resist ed. Waki` report ed t hat Muj ahid said t hat t he
Ayah,
ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ
∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
(While t o Him submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly), is
similar t o t he Ayah,
チ
∠ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやペ
∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ャほ∠シ
∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ
ｚャ⊥ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠
(And verily, if you ask t hem: "Who creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h'' Surely, t hey will say:
"Allah'') 39:38 .
He also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about ,
ゅ⇔ハ∇ヲデ
∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
(while t o Him submit t ed all creat ures in t he heavens and t he eart h, willingly or unwillingly.)
"When He t ook t he covenant from t hem.''
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥バィ
∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t o Him shall t hey all be ret urned) on t he Day of Ret urn, when He will reward or punish
each person according t o his or her deeds.
Allah t hen said,
びゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "We believe in Allah and in what has been sent down t o us) t he Qur'an,
ペ
∠ ⇒∠エ∇シま͡ヱ∠ モ
∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びゆ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠
(and what was sent down t o Ibrahim, Ismai` 0l, Ishaq, Ya` qub) t he script ures and revelat ion,
びヅ
∠ ゅ∠ら∇シΕ
∠ や∠ヱぴ
(and t he Asbat ,) t he Asbat are t he t welve t ribes who originat ed from t he t welve children of
Israel (Ya` qub).
びヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヴ
∠ ゎ͡ ヱ⊥ぺゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and what was given t o Musa, ` Isa) t he Tawrah and t he Inj il,
び∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚリ͡ョ ∠ラヲぁΒ͡らレｚャや∠ヱぴ

(and t he Prophet s from t heir Lord.) and t his encompasses all of Allah's Prophet s.
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ベ
⊥ あゲヘ∠ ル⊥ Ι
∠ぴ
(We make no dist inct ion bet ween one anot her among t hem) we believe in all of t hem,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ
⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t o Him (Allah) we have submit t ed (in Islam))
Therefore, fait hful Muslims believe in every Prophet whom Allah has sent and in every Book He
revealed, and never disbelieve in any of t hem. Rat her, t hey believe in what was revealed by
Allah, and in every Prophet sent by Allah. Allah said next ,
びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ
∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キユ͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇シΗ
͡ やゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ヒ͡ わ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever seeks a religion ot her t han Islam, it will never be accept ed of him,) whoever
seeks ot her t han what Allah has legislat ed, it will not be accept ed from him,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲジ
͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘやヴ͡プヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and in t he Hereaft er he will be one of t he losers.)
As t he Prophet said in an aut hent ic Hadit h,
«キ∠ケヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ⇔ヤヨ∠ ハ
∠ モ
∠ ヨ͡ ハ
∠ ∇リョ∠ »
(Whoever commit s an act ion t hat does not conform t o our mat t er (religion) t hen it is rej ect ed).
∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱろ ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ペ
ｘェ ∠ メ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやラｚぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ
∠ ヱ∠
ラｚぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠
リ
∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱる͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ⊥ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ブ⊥ ｚヘガ ∠ Α⊥ Ι∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ
∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι
ｚま͡ ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ∠ レ⊥Α
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠
(86. How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved aft er t heir belief and aft er t hey bore
wit ness t hat t he Messenger is t rue and aft er clear proofs came t o t hem And Allah guides not
t he people who are wrongdoers. (87. They are t hose whose recompense is t hat on t hem (rest s)
t he curse of Allah, of t he angels and of all mankind.) (88. They will abide t herein. Neit her will
t heir t orment be light ened nor will it be delayed or post poned.) (89. Except for t hose who
repent aft er t hat and do right eous deeds. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
Allah Does Not Guide People Who Disbelieve After they Believed,
Unless They Repent
Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A man from t he Ansar embraced Islam, but lat er
revert ed and j oined t he polyt heist s. He lat er on became sorry and sent his people t o, ` Ask t he
Messenger of Allah for me, if I can repent .' Then,
び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやンギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ブ

∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ
(How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved aft er t heir belief) unt il,
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

ｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) was revealed and his people sent word t o him
and he re-embraced Islam.''
This is t he wording recorded by An-Nasa'i, Al-Hakim and Ibn Hibban. Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is
Sahih and t hey did not record it .''
∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ぴ
びろ
⊥ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィヱ∠ ペ
ｘェ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ セ
∠ ヱ∠
(How shall Allah guide a people who disbelieved aft er t heir belief and aft er t hey bore wit ness
t hat t he Messenger is t rue and aft er clear proofs came t o t hem)
means, t he proofs and evidences were est ablished, t est ifying t o t he t rut h of what t he
Messenger was sent wit h. The t rut h was t hus explained t o t hem, but t hey revert ed t o t he
darkness of polyt heism. Therefore, how can such people deserve guidance aft er t hey willingly
leapt int o ut t er blindness This is why Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι
(And Allah guides not t he people who are wrongdoers.)
He t hen said,
る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ レ∠ ∇バャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ラ
ｚぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ
∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ サ
͡ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ
(They are t hose whose recompense is t hat on t hem (rest s) t he curse of Allah, of t he angels and
of all mankind.)
Allah curses t hem and His creat ion also curses t hem.
(They will abide t herein) in t he curse,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ
∠ レ⊥Α ∇ユワ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゆ
⊥ や∠グ∠バ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ブ
⊥ ｚヘガ
∠ Α⊥ Ι
∠ぴ
(Neit her will t heir t orment be light ened nor will it be delayed or post poned.) for, t he t orment
will not be lessened, not even for an hour. Aft er t hat , Allah said,
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎリ
∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ
(Except for t hose who repent aft er t hat and do right eous deeds. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving,
Most Merciful.)
This Ayah indicat es Allah's kindness, graciousness, compassion, mercy and favor on His
creat ures when t hey repent t o Him, for He forgives t hem in t his case.
リｚャや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コやｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ - ∠ラヲぁャべｚツャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ
∠ ら∠ ∇ボゎ⊥
ユ͡ワ͡ギ∠ェ∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ンギ∠ わ∠ ∇プやヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや￢⊥ ∇モあョ
͡ ⇒ｚルリあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ
(90. Verily, t hose who disbelieved aft er t heir belief and t hen went on increasing in t heir
disbelief never will t heir repent ance be accept ed. And t hey are t hose who are ast ray.) (91.
Verily, t hose who disbelieved, and died while t hey were disbelievers, t he (whole) eart h full of
gold will not be accept ed from anyone of t hem if t hey offered it as a ransom. For t hem is a
painful t orment and t hey will have no helpers.)
Neither Repentance of the Disbeliever Upon Death, Nor His

Ransoming Himself on the Day of Resurrection Shall be Accepted
Allah t hreat ens and warns t hose who revert t o disbelief aft er t hey believed and who t hereaft er
insist on disbelief unt il deat h. He st at es t hat in t his case, no repent ance shall be accept ed
from t hem upon t heir deat h. Similarly, Allah said,
や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ
∠ ろ
͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあジ
ｚャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚわャやろ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びれ
⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ツ
∠ ェ ∠
(And of no effect is t he repent ance of t hose who cont inue t o do evil deeds unt il deat h faces
one of t hem) 4:18 .

びラ
∠ ヲぁャべｚツャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ
∠ ら∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ リｚャぴ
(never will t heir repent ance be accept ed. And t hey are t hose who went ast ray.) t o t hose who
abandon t he pat h of t rut h for t he pat h of wickedness. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded
t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat some people embraced Islam, revert ed t o disbelief, became Muslims
again, t hen revert ed from Islam. They sent t heir people inquiring about t his mat t er and t hey
asked t he Messenger of Allah . On t hat , t his Ayah was revealed,
リｚャや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コやｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ

∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ
∠ ら∠ ∇ボゎ⊥
(Verily, t hose who disbelieved aft er t heir belief and t hen went on increasing in t heir disbelief
never will t heir repent ance be accept ed). The chain of narrat ion is sat isfact ory. Thereaft er,
Allah said,
∇リョ͡ モ
∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
びヮ͡ よ͡ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇プやヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや￢⊥ ∇モあョユ͡ワギ͡ ェ
∠ ぺ∠
(Verily, t hose who disbelieved, and died while t hey were disbelievers, t he (whole) eart h full of
gold will not be accept ed from anyone of t hem even if t hey offered it as a ransom.)
Those who die while disbelievers, shall have no good deed ever accept ed from t hem, even if
t hey spent t he eart h's fill of gold in what was perceived t o be an act of obedience. The Prophet
was asked about ` Abdullah bin Jud` an, who used t o be generous t o guest s, helpful t o t he
indebt ed and who gave food (t o t he poor); will all t hat benefit him The Prophet said,
ヶ͡ャゲ͡ヘ∇ビやゆ
あケ∠ :ゲ͡ ∇ワギｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇モボ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∩ゅ∠ャ»
«リΑあギャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡わゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠
(No, for not even one day during his life did he pronounce, ` O my Lord! Forgive my sins on t he
Day of Judgment .)
Similarly, if t he disbeliever gave t he eart h's full of gold as ransom, it will not be accept ed from
him. Allah said,
び∀る∠バ⇒∠ヘ∠セゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ゎ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ∀メ∇ギ∠ハゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ
⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(...nor shall compensat ion be accept ed from him, nor shall int ercession be of use t o
him,) 2:123 , and
び∀モ⇒∠ヤ͡カ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∀ノ∇Β∠よ Ι
ｚぴ
(...on which t here will be neit her mut ual bargaining nor befriending.) 14:31 , and,
チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ
͡ や∠グハ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ
∠ あらボ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
(Verily, t hose who disbelieve, if t hey had all t hat is in t he eart h, and as much again t herewit h
t o ransom t hemselves t hereby from t he t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion, it would never be
accept ed of t hem, and t heirs would be a painful t orment ) 5:36 .
∇リョ͡ モ
∠ ら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
びヮ͡ よ͡ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇プやヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや￢⊥ ∇モあョユ͡ワギ͡ ェ
∠ ぺ∠
,(Verily, t hose who disbelieved, and died while t hey were disbelievers, t he (whole) eart h full of
gold will not be accept ed from anyone of t hem if t hey offered it as a ransom).
The implicat ion of t his Ayah is t hat t he disbeliever shall never avoid t he t orment of Allah, even
if he spent t he eart h's fill of gold, or if he ransoms himself wit h t he eart h's fill of gold, - all of
it s mount ains, hills, sand, dust , valleys, forest s, land and sea.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
リ∠ ∇よやゅ∠Α :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ

⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ レｚイ∠ ∇ャやモ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ »
ゲ∠ ∇Βカ∠ ゆあケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ れ
∠ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ブ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∩∠ュキ∠ へ
ゅ∠ャヱ∠ メ⊥ ほ∠∇シぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ｚリヨ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇モシ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃メゴ͡ ∇レョ∠
マ∠ ヤ͡Β͡らシ
∠ ヶ͡プモ ∠ わ∠ ∇ホほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ∠ャま͡ ヶ͡ルキｚゲ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヴｚレヨ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠
ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡りキ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ
ｚャやモ͡ ∇ツプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∩∃ケや∠ゲョ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠
∩∠ュキ∠ へリ ∠ ∇よやゅ∠Α :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ͡ィ⊥ ゲｚャゅ͡よ
∩∃メゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ゲｚセ∠ ゆあケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ れ ∠ ∇ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ブ∠ ∇Βミ∠
∨ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやネ ͡ ゅ∠ヤト
͡ よ͡ ヶあレョ͡ ヵ͡ギわ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠
マ
∠ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩∠ろ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ ゆあケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠
«ケゅｚレャやヴ∠ャま͡ キぁゲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∩∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∠ ジ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇リョ͡ モｚホ∠ ぺ∠
(A man from among t he people of Paradise will be brought and Allah will ask him, "O son of
Adam! How did you find your dwelling'' He will say, "O Lord, it is t he best dwelling.'' Allah will
say, "Ask and wish.'' The man will say, "I only ask and wish t hat You send me back t o t he world
so t hat I am killed t en t imes in Your cause,'' because of t he honor of mart yrdom he would
experience. A man from among t he people of t he Fire will be brought , and Allah will say t o
him, "O son of Adam! How do you find your dwelling'' He will say, "It is t he worst dwelling, O
Lord.'' Allah will ask him, "Would you ransom yourself from Me wit h t he eart h's fill of gold'' He
will say, "Yes, O Lord.'' Allah will say, "You have lied. I asked you t o do what is less and easier
t han t hat , but you did not do it ,'' and he will be sent back t o t he Fire.)
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲダ
͡ ⇒ｚルリあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(For t hem is a painful t orment and t hey will have no helpers.) for t hey shall not have anyone
who will save t hem from t he t orment of Allah or rescue t hem from His painful punishment .
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎヴｚわェ ∠ ゲｚら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎ
(92. By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr, unless you spend of t hat which you love; and
what ever of good you spend, Allah knows it well.)
Al-Birr is Spending from the Best of One's Wealth

In his Tafsir, Waki` report ed, t hat ` Amr bin Maymun said t hat
びゲｚら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ
(By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr) is in reference t o at t aining Paradise.
Imam Ahmad report ed t hat Anas bin Malik said, "Abu Talhah had more propert y t han any ot her
among t he Ansar in Al-Madinah, and t he most beloved of his propert y t o him was Bayruha'
garden, which was in front of t he (Messenger's) Masj id. Somet imes, Allah's Messenger used t o go
t o t he garden and drink it s fresh wat er.'' Anas added, "When t hese verses were revealed,
びラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥ゎヴｚわェ
∠ ゲｚら͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ
(By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr unless You spend of t hat which you love,)
Abu Talhah said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Allah says,
びラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
(By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr, unless you spend of t hat which you love;) No doubt ,
Bayruha' garden is t he most beloved of all my propert y t o me. So I want t o give it in charit y in
Allah's cause, and I expect it s reward and compensat ion from Allah. O Allah's Messenger! Spend
it where Allah makes you t hink is feasible. ' On t hat , Allah's Messenger said,
∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ウよ͡ や∠ケ ∀メゅ∠ョポ∠ や∠ク ∩∀ウよ͡ や∠ケ ∀メゅ∠ョポ ∠ や∠ク ∩∃オよ∠ オ ∃ よ∠ »
«リΒ͡よゲ∠ ∇ホほ∠∇ャやヶ͡プゅ∠ヰヤ∠バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ン∠ケぺ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ろ∇バヨ͡ シ
∠
(Well-done! It is profit able propert y, it is profit able propert y. I have heard what you have said,
and I t hink it would be proper if you gave it t o your kit h and kin.)
Abu Talhah said, ` I will do so, O Allah's Messenger.' Then Abu Talhah dist ribut ed t hat garden
among his relat ives and cousins.''
This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. They also recorded t hat ` Umar said, "O Messenger
of Allah! I never gained possession of a piece of propert y more precious t o me t han my share in
Khaybar. Therefore, what do you command me t o do wit h it '' The Prophet said,
«り∠ゲヨ∠ んｚャやモ
͡ らあシ
∠ ヱ∠ モ
∠ ∇タほ∠∇ャやザ
͡ らあェ
∠»
(Ret ain t he land t o give it s fruit s in Allah's cause.)
ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ モ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ６ ⇒͡ェラ ∠ ゅ∠ミュ͡ ゅ∠バトｚャやぁモミ⊥ ぴ
∇モホ⊥ り⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやメ ∠ ゴｚレ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺモ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ⊥ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡
リ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎゅ∠プり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プや
ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚゅ∠プヮ⊥ ｚヤャやベ∠ ギ∠ タ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや
びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ
∠
(93. All food was lawful t o t he Children of Israel, except what Isra'il made unlawful for himself
before t he Tawrah was revealed. Say: "Bring here t he Tawrah and recit e it , if you are t rut hful.
'') (94. Then aft er t hat , whosoever shall invent a lie against Allah, t hen it is t hese t hat are t he
wrongdoers.) (95. Say:"Allah has spoken t he t rut h; follow t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif
(monot heist ), and he was not of t he Mushrikin (idolat ors).'')
The Questions that the Jews Asked Our Prophet

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A group of Jews came t o Allah's Prophet and said,
` Talk t o us about some t hings we will ask you and which only a Prophet would know.' He said,
` Ask me about what ever you wish. However, give your pledge t o Allah, similar t o t he pledge
t hat Ya` qub t ook from his children, t hat if I t ell you somet hing and you recognize it s t rut h, you
will follow me in Islam.' They said, ` Agreed.' The Prophet said, ` Ask me about what ever you
wish.' They said, ` Tell us about four mat t ers: 1. What kinds of food did Isra'il prohibit for
himself 2. What about t he sexual discharge of t he woman and t he man, and what role does
each play in producing male or female offspring 3. Tell us about t he condit ion of t he unlet t ered
Prophet during sleep, 4. And who is his Wali (support er) among t he angels' The Prophet t ook
t heir covenant t hat t hey will follow him if he answers t hese quest ions, and t hey agreed. He
said, ` I ask you by He Who sent down t he Tawrah t o Musa, do you not know t hat Isra'il once
became very ill When his illness was prolonged, he vowed t o Allah t hat if He cures His illness,
he would prohibit t he best t ypes of drink and food for himself. Was not t he best food t o him
camel meat and t he best drink camel milk' They said, ` Yes, by Allah.' The Messenger said, ` O
Allah, be Wit ness against t hem.' The Prophet t hen said, ` I ask you by Allah, ot her t han Whom
t here is no deit y (wort hy of worship), Who sent down t he Tawrah t o Musa, do you not know
t hat man's discharge is t hick and whit e and woman's is yellow and t hin If any of t hese fluids
becomes dominant , t he offspring will t ake it s sex and resemblance by Allah's leave. Hence, if
t he man's is more t han t he woman's, t he child will be male, by Allah's leave. If t he woman's
discharge is more t han t he man's, t hen t he child will be female, by Allah's leave.' They said,
` Yes.' He said, ` O Allah, be Wit ness against t hem.' He t hen said, ` I ask you by He Who sent
down t he Tawrah t o Musa, do you not know t hat t he eyes of t his unlet t ered Prophet sleep, but
his heart does not sleep' They said, ` Yes, by Allah!' He said, ` O Allah, be Wit ness.' They said,
` Tell us now about your Wali among t he angels, for t his is when we eit her follow or shun you.'
He said, ` My Wali (who brings down t he revelat ion from Allah) is Jibril, and Allah never sent a
Prophet , but Jibril is his Wali.' They said, ` We t hen shun you. Had you a Wali ot her t han Jibril,
we would have followed you.' On t hat , Allah, t he Exalt ed revealed,
びモ
∠ Α͡ゲ∇らイ
͡ ャあや６ヱギ⊥ ハ
∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Whoever is an enemy t o Jibril...'') 2:97 .''
びメ
∠ ゴｚレ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺモ
͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョヮ͡ ジ
͡ ∇ヘル∠ ぴ
(before t he Tawrah was revealed) 3:93 , means, Isra'il forbade t hat for himself before t he
Tawrah was revealed. There are t wo obj ect ives behind revealing t his segment of t he Ayah.
First , he forbade himself t he most delight ful t hings for Allah's sake. This pract ice was allowed
during his period of Law, and is, t hus, suit able t hat it is ment ioned aft er Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
(By no means shall you at t ain Al-Birr, unless you spend of t hat which you love) 3: 92 .
What we are allowed in our Law is t o spend in Allah's obedience from what we like and covet
but not t o prohibit what Allah has allowed . Allah said in ot her Ayat ;
びヮ͡ らあェ
⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやヴ∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ
(And gives his wealt h, in spit e of love for it ,) 2:177 , and;
びヮ͡ らあェ
⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バト
ｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey give food, in spit e of t heir love for it ,) 76:8 .
The second reason is t hat aft er Allah refut ed t he false Christ ian beliefs and allegat ions about
` Isa and his mot her. Allah st art ed refut ing t he Jews here, may Allah curse t hem, by st at ing
t hat t he abrogat ion of t he Law, t hat t hey denied occurs, already occurred in t heir Law. For
inst ance, Allah has st at ed in t heir Book, t he Tawrah, t hat when Nuh depart ed from t he ark,
Allah allowed him t o eat t he meat of all t ypes of animals. Aft erwards, Isra'il forbade t he meat
and milk of camels for himself, and his children imit at ed t his pract ice aft er him. The Tawrah
lat er on prohibit ed t his t ype of food, and added several more t ypes of prohibit ions. Allah
allowed Adam t o marry his daught ers t o his sons, and t his pract ice was lat er forbidden. The
Law of Ibrahim allowed t he man t o t ake female servant s as companions along wit h his wife, as
Ibrahim did when he t ook Haj ar, while he was married t o Sarah. Lat er on, t he Tawrah
prohibit ed t his pract ice. It was previously allowed t o t ake t wo sist ers as wives at t he same
t ime, as Ya` qub married t wo sist ers at t he same t ime. Lat er on, t his pract ice was prohibit ed in
t he Tawrah. All t hese examples are in t he Tawrah and const it ut e a Naskh (abrogat ion) of t he
Law. Therefore, let t he Jews consider what Allah legislat ed for ` Isa and if such legislat ion falls
under t he cat egory of abrogat ion or not . Why do t hey not t hen follow ` Isa in t his regard
Rat her, t he Jews defied and rebelled against ` Isa and against t he correct religion t hat Allah
sent Muhammad wit h.
ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ モ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ
６ ⇒͡ェラ ∠ ゅ∠ミュ͡ ゅ∠バト
ｚャやぁモミ⊥ ぴ
びり⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやメ
∠ ゴｚレ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺモ
͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ モ ⊥ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡
(All food was lawful t o t he Children of Israel, except what Isra'il made unlawful for himself
before t he Tawrah was revealed) 3:93 meaning, before t he Tawrah was revealed, all t ypes of
foods were allowed, except what Isra'il prohibit ed for himself. Allah t hen said,
び∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎゅ∠プり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ り⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやぴ
(Say: "Bring here t he Tawrah and recit e it , if you are t rut hful.''),
for t he Tawrah affirms what we are st at ing here. Allah said next ,
マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョゆ
∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プやリ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠
(Then aft er t hat , whosoever shall invent a lie against Allah, t hen t hese it is t hat are t he
wrongdoers.) 3:94 , in reference t o t hose who lie about Allah and claim t hat He made t he
Sabbat h and t he Tawrah et ernal. They are t hose who claim t hat Allah did not send anot her
Prophet calling t o Allah wit h t he proofs and evidences, alt hough evidence indicat es t hat
abrogat ion, as we have described, occurred before in t he Tawrah,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ
(t hen t hese it is t hat are t he wrongdoers.)
Allah t hen said,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやベ
∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say, "Allah has spoken t he t rut h;'') 3:95 meaning, O Muhammad, say t hat Allah has said t he
t rut h in what He conveyed and legislat ed in t he Qur'an,
リ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ
∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚゅ∠プぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(follow t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif, and he was not of t he idolat ors.'') 3:95 .
Therefore, follow t he religion of Ibrahim t hat Allah legislat ed in t he Qur'an. Indeed, t his is t he
t rut h, t here is no doubt in it , and t he perfect way, and no Prophet has brought a more
complet e, clear, plain and perfect way t han he did. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
ゅ⇔レΑ͡キユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁヅ∃ ゲ∠ タ

͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヴあよケ∠ ヴ͡ルや∠ギワ∠ ヴ͡レルｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ
∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョあゅ⇔ヨΒ∠ ホ͡
(Say: "Truly, my Lord has guided me t o a st raight pat h, a right religion, t he religion of Ibrahim,
t he Hanif, and he was not of t he idolat ors.'') 6:161
and,
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ
∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚやラ
͡ ぺ∠ マ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
びリ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ
(Then, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you (saying): "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim, t he Hanif,
and he was not of t he idolat ers.) 16:123 .
ゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ る∠ ムｚら∠ よ͡ ン͡グヤｚャ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャノ∠ ッ͡ ヱ⊥ ろ ∃ ∇Βよ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚぺ∠ ラｚま͡ぴ

∠ユΒ͡ワ∠ゲ∇よ͡まュ⊥ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ⇒あΒ∠よ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ヮ͡ Β͡プ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠
ろ͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやア
ぁェ ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ∠ キ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠
ヴｘレ͡ ビ
∠ ぶやラｚみ͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シやリ ͡ ョ∠
びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやリ
͡ハ ∠
(96. Verily, t he first House (of worship) appoint ed for mankind was t hat at Bakkah (Makkah),
full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-` Alamin (mankind and Jinn). (97. In it are manifest signs
(for example), t he Maqam (st at ion) of Ibrahim; whosoever ent ers it , he at t ains securit y. And
Haj j t o t he House is a dut y t hat mankind owes t o Allah, for t hose who are able t o undert ake
t he j ourney; and whoever disbelieves, t hen Allah st ands not in need of any of t he ` Alamin.)
The Ka` bah is the First House of Worship

Allah said,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャノ∠ ッ
͡ ヱ⊥ ろ
∃ ∇Βよ∠ メ
∠ ヱｚぺ∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t he first House appoint ed for mankind) for all people, for t heir act s of worship and
religious rit uals. They go around t he House in Tawaf , pray in it s vicinit y and remain in it s
area in I` t ikaf.
びる∠ ムｚら∠ よ͡ ング͡ ヤｚャ∠ぴ

(was t hat at Bakkah,) meaning, t he Ka` bah t hat was built by Ibrahim Al-Khalil, whose religion
t he Jews and Christ ians claim t hey follow. However, t hey do not perform Haj j t o t he house
t hat Ibrahim built by Allah's command, and t o which he invit ed t he people t o perform Haj j .
Allah said next , i
びゅ⇔ミ∠ケゅ∠らョ⊥ ぴ
(full of blessing), sanct ified,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and a guidance for Al-` Alamin.)
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said; "I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Which Masj id was t he
first t o be built on t he surface of t he eart h' He said, ` Al-Masj id Al-Haram (in Makkah).' I said,
` Which was built next ' He replied ` Al-Masj id Al-Aqsa (in Jerusalem).' I said, ` What was t he
period of t ime bet ween building t he t wo' He said, ` Fort y years.' He added,
«ギ͡イ∇ジョ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤぁム⊥ プ∠ ∩あモダ

∠ プ∠ り∠ ゅ∠ヤダ
ｚャやろ
∠ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ゑ
⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ｚユを⊥ »
(Wherever (you may be, and) t he prayer becomes due, perform t he prayer t here, for t he whole
eart h was made a Masj id.)'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h.
The Names of Makkah, Such As ` Bakkah

Allah said,
びる∠ ムｚら∠ よ͡ ン͡グヤｚャ∠ぴ
(was t hat at Bakkah), where Bakkah is one of t he names of Makkah. Bakkah means, ` it brings
Buka' (crying, weeping) t o t he t yrant s and arrogant , meaning t hey cry and become humble in
it s vicinit y. It was also said t hat Makkah was called Bakkah because people do Buka next t o it ,
meaning t hey gat her around it . There are many names for Makkah, such as Bakkah, Al-Bayt Al-
` At iq (t he Ancient House), Al-Bayt Al-Haram (t he Sacred House), Al-Balad Al-Amin (t he Cit y of
Safet y) and Al-Ma'mun (Securit y). Makkah's names include Umm Rahm (Mot her of Mercy), Umm
Al-Qura (Mot her of t he Towns), Salah, as well as ot hers .
The Station of Ibrahim

び∀ろ⇒∠レ⇒あΒ∠よ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ

(In it are manifest signs) 3:97 , means, clear signs t hat Ibrahim built t he Ka` bah and t hat
Allah has honored and blessed it . Allah t hen said,
びユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚぴ

(t he Maqam (st at ion) of Ibrahim) When t he building t he Ka` bah was raised, Ibrahim st ood on;
t he Maqam so t hat he could raise t he walls higher, while his son Isma` il was handing t he st ones
t o him. We should ment ion t hat t he Maqam used t o be sit uat ed right next t o t he House. Lat er,
and during his reign, ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab moved t he Maqam fart her t o t he east , so t hat t hose
who go around t he House in Tawaf are able t o perform it easily, wit hout dist urbing t hose who
pray next t o t he Maqam aft er finishing t heir Tawaf. Allah commanded us t o pray next t o t he
Maqam;
びヴ６ヤダ
∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠ボョｚリ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥グガ
͡ ゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(And t ake you (people) t he Maqam (st at ion) of Ibrahim as a place of prayer) 2:125 .
We ment ioned t he Hadit hs about t his subj ect before, and all t he t hanks are due t o Allah. Al-
` Awfi said t hat , Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
びユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ボョｚ ∀ろ⇒∠レ⇒あΒ∠よ ∀ろ⇒∠Αや∠￢ヮ͡ Β͡プぴ

(In it are manifest signs, t he Maqam of Ibrahim;)
"Such as t he Maqam and Al-Mash` ar Al-Haram .'' Muj ahid said, "The impression of Ibrahim's
feet remains on t he Maqam as a clear sign.'' It was report ed t hat ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz, Al-
Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan and ot hers said similarly.
Al-Haram, the Sacred Area, is a Safe Area

Allah said,
びゅ⇔レ͡ョや∠￢ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ
∠ キ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(whosoever ent ers it , he at t ains securit y,) 3:97 meaning, t he Haram of Makkah is a safe
refuge for t hose in a st at e of fear. There in it s vicinit y, t hey will be safe, j ust as was t he case
during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "(During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah) a man
would commit murder, t hen wear a piece of wool around his neck and ent er t he Haram. And
even when t he son of t he murdered person would meet him, he would not make a move against
him, unt il he left t he sanct uary.'' Allah said,
ブ
⊥ ト
ｚガ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ⇔ゅレ͡ョや￢ゅ⇔ョ∠ゲェ
∠ ゅレ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲェ
∠ ∇リョ͡ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャや
(Have t hey not seen t hat We have made (Makkah) a secure sanct uary, while men are being
snat ched away from all around t hem) 29:67 , and,
リあョユ⊥ヰヨ∠ バ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ン͡グャｚや - ろ

͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやや∠グ⇒∠ワゆ
ｚケ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バ∠Β∇ヤ∠プぴ
びフ∃ ∇ヲカ ∇リョあユ⊥ヰレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ネ ∃ ヲ⊥ィ
(So let t hem worship (Allah) t he Lord of t his House (t he Ka` bah). (He) Who has fed t hem
against hunger, and has made t hem safe from fear) 106:3-4 .
It is not allowed for anyone t o hunt in t he Haram or t o drive game out of it s den t o be hunt ed,
or cut t he t rees in it s vicinit y, or pick it s grass, as t he Hadit hs of t he Prophet and t he
st at ement s of t he Companions t est ify. The Two Sahihs recorded (t his being t he wording of
Muslim) t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "On t he day of t he conquest of Makkah, t he Messenger of Allah
said,
∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇レわ⊥ ∇シやや∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∀る⇒ｚΒル͡ ヱ∠ ∀キゅ∠ヰィ

͡ ∇リム͡ ⇒⇒ャ∠ヱ ∩∠りゲ∠ ∇イワ͡ ゅ∠ャ»
«やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルゅ∠プ
(There is no more Hij rah (migrat ion t o Makkah), only Jihad and good int ent ion. If you were
mobilized, t hen march fort h.)
He also said on t he day of t he conquest of Makkah,
れ͡ やヲ∠ヨジｚャやペ ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ やヮ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚェ ∠ ギ∠ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ャやや∠グワ∠ ラｚま͡»
ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡まぶ ͡ やる͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ⊥ よ͡ ∀ュや∠ゲ∠ェヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ
∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ
∠Ε ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プメ⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャやモ
ｚエ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
∀ュやゲ∠ ェ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇リョ͡ る∃ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シヶ͡プゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ャモｚエ ͡ Α∠
ゅ∠ャヱ⊥ ∩⊥ヮミ⊥ ∇ヲセ∠ ギ⊥ ツ
∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ぶ ͡ やる͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ⊥ よ͡
ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚハ
∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ト
∠ ボ∠ ャ⊥ テ
⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ⊥ ∇Βタ
∠ ゲ⊥ ｚヘレ∠ Α⊥
«ゅ∠ワゅ∠ヤカ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠わ∇ガΑ⊥
(Beware! Allah made t his t own (Makkah) a sanct uary when He creat ed t he heavens and eart h,
and it is sacred by Allah's decree unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Fight ing in Makkah was not
permit t ed for anyone before me, and it was made legal for me for only a few hours or so on
t hat day. No doubt it is at t his moment a sanct uary by Allah's decree unt il t he Day of
Resurrect ion. It is not allowed t o uproot it s t horny shrubs, hunt it s game, pick up it s lost
obj ect s, except by announcing it , or t o uproot it s t rees.)
Al-` Abbas said, ` Except t he lemon grass, O Allah's Messenger, as t hey use it in t heir houses and
graves.' The Prophet said:
«ゲ͡カ∇クみ͡∇ャやゅｚャま͡»
(Except lemongrass).''
The Two Sahihs also recorded t hat Abu Shurayh Al-` Adawi said t hat he said t o ` Amr bin Sa` id
while he was sending t he t roops t o Makkah (t o fight ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr), "O Commander!
Allow me t o t ell you what Allah's Messenger said on t he day following t he conquest of Makkah.
My ears heard it and my heart memorized it t horoughly, and I saw t he Prophet wit h my own
eyes when he, aft er glorifying and praising Allah, said,
ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥サゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰ∇ョゲあエ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶやゅ∠ヰョ∠ ゲｚェ ∠ る∠ ムｚョ∠ ラｚま͡»
マ
∠ ヘ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ べ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぶ͡ ゅ͡よリ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ン͡ゲ∇ョゅ͡ャモぁエ ͡ Α∠
ゾ
∠ カｚゲ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔りゲ∠ イ ∠セ ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ギ∠ ツ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プユ∂ヤシヱヮΒヤハぶやヴヤダ͡ヰヤャやメ ͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡
∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ラク∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ぶ∠ やラｚま͡ :ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠
∇れキ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ヰル∠ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ハ ∠ ゅ∠シゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヶ͡ャラ ∠ ク͡ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ヱ∠
ギ⊥ ワ͡ ゅｚゼャやヒ͡ ヤあら∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ザ͡ ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よゅ∠ヰわ͡ ョ∠ ∇ゲエ ⊥ ミ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ゲェ ⊥
«ょ͡もゅ∠ピ∇ャや
(Allah, not t he people, made Makkah a sanct uary. Therefore, anybody who has belief in Allah
and t he Last Day, should neit her shed blood in it nor cut down it s t rees. If anybody argues t hat
fight ing in it is permissible on t he basis t hat Allah's Messenger fought in Makkah, say t o him,
` Allah allowed His Messenger and did not allow you.' Allah allowed me only for a few hours on
t hat day (of t he conquest ), and t oday it s sanct it y is as valid as it was before. So, t hose who are
present , should inform t hose who are absent of t his fact .).''
Abu Shurayh was asked, "What did ` Amr reply'' He said t hat ` Amr said, "O Abu Shurayh! I know
bet t er t han you in t his respect ; Makkah does not give prot ect ion t o a sinner, a murderer or a
t hief.''
Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
«ゥゅ∠ヤジ
あャやる∠ ムｚヨ∠ よ͡ モ
∠ ヨ͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ
∠ ほ∠ャ͡ モ
ぁエ
͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ»
(None of you is allowed t o carry a weapon in Makkah.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h.
` Abdullah bin ` Adi bin Al-Hamra' Az-Zuhri said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah say while
st anding at Al-Hazwarah in t he market place of Makkah,
ぶ
͡ やチ
͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ょ
ぁェ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶやチ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βガ ∠ ャ∠ マ ͡ ルｚま͡ ぶ
͡ や∠ヱ»
«ろ∇ィゲ∠ カ
∠ ゅ∠ョマ͡ ∇レョ͡ ろ
⊥ ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ヶあルぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶやヴ∠ャま͡
(By Allah! You are t he best of Allah's land and t he most beloved land t o Allah. Had it not been
for t he fact t hat I was driven out of you, I would not have left you.)
Imam Ahmad collect ed t his Hadit h and t his is his wording. At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah
also collect ed it . At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''
The Necessity of Performing Hajj

Allah said,
ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シやリ

͡ ョ∠ ろ
͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやア
ぁェ
͡ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ ∠
(And Haj j t o t he House is a dut y t hat mankind owes t o Allah, for t hose who are able t o
undert ake t he j ourney) 3:97 .
This Ayah est ablished t he obligat ion of performing Haj j . There are many Hadit hs t hat ment ion
it as one of t he pillars and fundament als of Islam, and t his is agreed upon by t he Muslims.
According t o t ext s and t he consensus of t he scholars, it is only obligat ory for t he adult Muslim
t o perform it once during his lifet ime. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he
Messenger of Allah once gave a speech in which he said,
«やヲぁイエ
⊥ プ∠ ア
ぁエ
∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ チ
∠ ゲ͡ プ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠»
(O people! Haj j has been enj oined on you, t herefore, perform Haj j .)
A man asked, "Is it every year, O Allah's Messenger'' The Prophet remained silent unt il t he man
repeat ed t he quest ion t hree t imes and he t hen said,
«ユ⊥わ∇バト
∠ わ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ヨャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ
∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ろ
⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠»
(Had I said yes, it would have become an obligat ion and you would not have been able t o fulfill
it .) He said next ,
∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヶ͡ルヱ⊥ケク∠ »
や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡や∠ぽシ ⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇んム∠ よ͡
や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト
∠ わ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠
«ロヲ⊥ハギ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ ル∠
(Leave me as I leave you, t hose before you were dest royed because of t heir many quest ions
and disput ing wit h t heir Prophet s. If I command you wit h somet hing, perform it as much as you
can. If I forbid somet hing for you, t hen refrain from it .) Muslim recorded similarly.
Meaning of ` Afford' in the Ayah

There are several cat egories of "t he abilit y t o under t ake t he j ourney''. There is t he physical
abilit y of t he person himself and t he abilit y t hat is relat ed t o ot her t hings as ment ioned in t he
books of j urisprudence. Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "A man st ood up
and asked t he Messenger of Allah , ` O Messenger of Allah! Who is t he pilgrim' He said, ` He who
has unt idy hair and clot hes.' Anot her man asked, ` Which Haj j is bet t er, O Messenger of Allah'
He said, ` The noisy (wit h supplicat ion t o Allah) and bloody (wit h sacrifice).' Anot her man
asked, ` What is t he abilit y t o undert ake t he j ourney, O Messenger of Allah' He said, ` Having
provision and a means of t ransport at ion.''' This is t he narrat ion t hat Ibn Maj ah collect ed. Al-
Hakim narrat ed t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah was asked about Allah's st at ement ,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シやリ
͡ ョ∠ ぴ
(for t hose who are able t o undert ake t he j ourney;) 3:97 "What does ` able t o undert ake t he
j ourney' mean'' The Prophet answered, "Having sufficient provision and a means of
t ransport at ion.'' Al-Hakim st at ed t hat t his Hadit h's chain of narrat ion is aut hent ic, following t he
guidelines of Muslim in his Sahih, but t he Two Sahihs did not collect it . Ahmad recorded t hat
Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«モｚイバ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ア
ｚエ
∠ ∇ャやキ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
(Whoever int ends t o perform Haj j , let him rush t o perform it .) Abu Dawud also collect ed t his
Hadit h.
The One who Denies the Necessity of Hajj Becomes a Disbeliever

Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ヴ
ｘレ͡ ビ
∠ ぶやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(...and whoever disbelieves, t hen Allah st ands not in need of any of t he ` Alamin) 3:97 .
Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and several ot hers comment ed on t his Ayah, "Whoever denies t he
necessit y of Haj j becomes disbeliever, and Allah is far Richer t han t o need him.'' Al-Hafiz Abu
Bakr Al-Isma` ili recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "Whoever can afford Haj j but did not
perform it , t here is no difference in his case if he dies while Jew or Christ ian.'' This has an
aut hent ic chain of narrat ion leading t o ` Umar.
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ͡ ⇒∠Β⇒∠よ͡ ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

ユ∠ ャ͡ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ∠ ∇ワほ∠Α ∇モホ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠
ゅ⇔ィ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ リ∠ハラ ∠ ヱぁギダ⊥ ゎ∠
びラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥ヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅｚヨハ∠ モ ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠
(98. Say: "O People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Why do you rej ect t he Ayat of Allah,
while Allah is Wit ness t o what you do'') (99. Say: "O People of t he Script ure (Jews and
Christ ians)! Why do you st op t hose who have believed, from t he pat h of Allah, seeking t o make
it seem crooked, while you (yourselves) are wit nesses And Allah is not unaware of what you
do.'')
Chastising the People of the Book for Their Disbelief and Blocking
the Path of Allah
In t his Ayah Allah crit icizes t he disbelieving People of t he Book for refusing t he t rut h, rej ect ing
Allah's Ayat and hindering t hose who seek t o believe from His pat h, alt hough t hey know t hat
what t he Messenger was sent wit h is t he t rut h from Allah. They learned t his from t he previous
Prophet s and honorable Messengers, may Allah's peace and blessings be on t hem all. They all
brought t he glad t idings and t he good news of t he coming of t he unlet t ered, Arab, Hashimi
Prophet from Makkah, t he mast er of t he Children of Adam, t he Final Prophet and t he
Messenger of t he Lord of heavens and eart h. Allah has warned t he People of t he Book against
t his behavior, st at ing t hat He is Wit ness over what t hey do, indicat ing t heir defiance of t he
knowledge conveyed t o t hem by t he Prophet s. They rej ect ed, denied and refused t he very
Messenger whom t hey were ordered t o convey t he glad t idings about his coming. Allah st at es
t hat He is never unaware of what t hey do, and He will hold t hem responsible for t heir act ions,
R
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥レよ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∀メゅ∠ョノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι
∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
(The Day whereon neit her wealt h nor sons will avail) 26:88 .
リ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ∠ ョあゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
- リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ミヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠
ヴ∠ャま͡ ン∠ ギ͡ ワ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よユ͡ダわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プヱ∠
びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ∂ ヅ
∃ ゲ∠ タ
͡
(100. O you who believe! If you obey a group of t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and
Christ ians), t hey would (indeed) render you disbelievers aft er you have believed!) (101. And
how would you disbelieve, while unt o you are recit ed t he verses of Allah, and among you is His
Messenger And whoever depends upon Allah, t hen he is indeed guided t o t he right pat h.)
Warning Muslims Against Imitating People of the Scriptures

Allah warns His believing servant s against obeying t he People of t he Book, who envy t he
believers for t he favor t hat Allah gave t hem by sending His Messenger . Similarly, Allah said,
ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョユ⊥ムル∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ

͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ キｚヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇レハ
͡ ∇リョあや⇔ギジ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま
(Many of t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) wish t hat t hey could t urn you away
as disbelievers aft er you have believed, out of t heir own envy) 2:109 .
In t his Ayah 3:100 , Allah said,
ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ
∠ Α͡グャｚやリ∠ ョあゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ
びリ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ミヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠
(If you obey a group of t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), t hey would
(indeed) render you disbelievers aft er you have believed!), t hen said,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プヱ∠
(And how would you disbelieve, while unt o you are recit ed t he verses of Allah, and among you
is His Messenger), meaning, disbelief is far from t ouching you, since t he Ayat of Allah are being
sent down on His Messenger day and night , and he recit es and conveys t hem t o you. Similarly,
Allah said,
∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョグ∠ カ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ͡
び
(And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you
t o believe in your Lord; and He has indeed t aken your covenant , if you are real believers)
57:8 . A Hadit h st at es t hat one day, t he Prophet said t o his Companions,
«∨ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ょ

⊥ イ
∠ ∇ハぺ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヵ
ぁぺ∠»
: . :
«ユ͡ヰよあケ∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ »
:
«∨∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ
⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヶ
⊥ ∇ェヲ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ »
: . :
«∨∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ヰ⊥ ∇ニぺ∠ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ »
: :
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ヘエ
⊥タ⊥ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギイ
͡ Α∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ゃΒ͡イΑ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ»
«ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゅ∠ヨよ͡
("Who among t he fait hful believers do you consider has t he most amazing fait h'' They said, "The
angels.'' He said, "Why would t hey not believe, since t hey are wit h t heir Lord'' They ment ioned
t he Prophet s, and t he Prophet said, "Why would t hey not believe while t he revelat ion is sent
down t o t hem'' They said, "Then, we are.'' He said, "Why would not you believe when I am
among you'' They asked, "Who has t he most amazing fait h'' The Prophet said, "A people who will
come aft er you and who will find only books t hat t hey will believe in.'')
Allah said next ,
びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョ∂ ヅ

∃ ゲ∠ タ
͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ン
∠ ギ͡ ワ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よユ͡ダわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever depends upon Allah, t hen he is indeed guided t o t he right pat h) 3:101 for
t rust ing and relying on Allah are t he basis of achieving t he right guidance and st aying away
from t he pat h of wickedness. They also represent t he t ool t o acquiring guidance and t rut h and
achieving t he right eous aims.
Ι∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ペｚェ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ

モ͡ ∇らエ ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ι ｚま͡ リｚゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠
∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇クま͡
∇ユミ⊥ グ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ほプ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ∠ ョあり∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヘェ ⊥ ゅ∠ヘセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ
⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ マ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ミゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ
(102. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah as is His due, and die not except as (t rue)
Muslims.) (103. And hold fast , all of you t oget her, t o t he Rope of Allah, and be not divided
among yourselves, and remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies of one anot her
but He j oined your heart s t oget her, so t hat , by His grace, you became bret hren, and you were
on t he brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it . Thus Allah makes His Ayat clear t o you,
t hat you may be guided.)
Meaning of ` Taqwa of Allah

Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud comment ed on t he Ayah,
びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ペ
ｚェ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚやぴ
(Have Taqwa of Allah as is His due,)
"That He is obeyed and not defied, remembered and not forgot t en and appreciat ed and not
unappreciat ed.'' This has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud. Al-Hakim
collect ed t his Hadit h in his Must adrak, from Ibn Mas` ud, who relat ed it t o t he Prophet . Al-
Hakim said, "It is aut hent ic according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs Al-Bukhari and
Muslim , and t hey did not record it .'' This is what he said, but it appears t hat it is only a
st at ement of ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, and Allah knows best . It was also report ed t hat Anas said,
"The servant will not have Taqwa of Allah as is His due unt il he keeps his t ongue idle.'' Allah's
st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ リ
ｚゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and die not except as (t rue) Muslims) 3:102 , means, preserve your Islam while you are well
and safe, so t hat you die as a Muslim. The Most Generous Allah has made it His decision t hat
what ever st at e one lives in, t hat is what he dies upon and is resurrect ed upon. We seek refuge
from dying on ot her t han Islam.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Muj ahid said, "The people were circling around t he Sacred House
when Ibn ` Abbas was sit t ing, holding a bent -handled walking st ick. Ibn ` Abbas said, The
Messenger of Allah recit ed ,
Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ペ
ｚェ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョぁユ⊥わル∠ぺヱ∠ Ιｚま͡ リ
ｚゎ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠
(Have Taqwa of Allah as is His due, die not except as (t rue) Muslims.) 3:102 , t hen he said;
ヴヤ∠ハ ∇れゲｚョ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ∇れゲ∠ ト ͡ ホ⊥ ュ͡ ヲぁホゴｚャやリ∠ ョ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇トホ∠ ラ

ｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ »
∀ュゅ∠バデ
∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ブ
∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ゼ
∠ Β͡ハチ ͡ ∇ケほ∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠
«∨⊥ュヲぁホゴｚャやゅｚャま͡
(Verily, if a drop of Zaqqum (a t ree in Hell) falls, it will spoil life for t he people of eart h. What
about t hose whose food is only from Zaqqum)''
This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, Ibn Maj ah, Ibn Hibban in his Sahih and Al-Hakim
his Must adrak. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''' while Al-Hakim said; "It meet s t he condit ions of
t he Two Sahihs and t hey did not record it ."
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir said t hat t hree night s before t he Messenger of Allah died he
heard him saying;
ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ
͡ ゅ͡よリ
ｚヌ
ｚャやリ
⊥ジ͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ リ
ｚゎ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
«モ∠ィヱ∠
(None of you should die except while having sincere t rust in Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most
Honorable.) Muslim also recorded it . The Two Sahihs record t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he
«ヶ͡よヵ͡ギ∇らハ
∠ リ
あニ
∠ ギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ :ぶ
⊥ やメ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ »
(Allah said, "I am as My servant t hinks of Me.'')
The Necessity of Holding to the Path of Allah and the Community of

the Believers
Allah said next ,
び∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ ∇らエ
∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ
͡ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ
(And hold fast , all of you t oget her, t o t he Rope of Allah, and be not divided among yourselves.)
It was said t hat ,
͡ ∇らエ
∠ よ͡ ぴ
(t o t he Rope of Allah) refers t o Allah's covenant , j ust as Allah said in t he following Ayah,
∇リョあモ
∃ ∇らエ
∠ よ͡ Ι
ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ョリ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠ る⊥ ャｚグあャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ
⊥ ぴ
びサ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョあモ∃ ∇らェ
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(Indignit y is put over t hem wherever t hey may be, except when under a covenant (of
prot ect ion) from Allah, and from men;) 3:112 , in reference t o pledges and peace t reat ies.
Allah's st at ement
び∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and be not divided among yourselves), orders st icking t o t he communit y of t he believers and
forbids division. There are several Hadit hs t hat require adhering t o t he Jama` ah (congregat ion
of believers) and prohibit division. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger
of Allah said,
:ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ テ ⊥ガ ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲΑ∠ ぶ ∠ やラｚま͡»

∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α
∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ホゲｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ぶ ͡ やモ ͡ ∇らエ∠ よ͡ やヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇バゎ∠
:ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ テ
⊥ガ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ .∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ぶ
⊥ やロ⊥ ゅｚャヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ やヲ⊥エタ ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠
«メゅ∠ヨ∇ャやる∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡メや∠ぽジぁャやり∠ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠メゅ∠ホヱ∠ モ∠ Β͡ホ
(It pleases Allah for you t o acquire t hree qualit ies and displeases Him t hat you acquire t hree
charact erist ics. It pleases Him t hat you worship Him Alone and not associat e anyt hing or
anyone wit h Him in worship, t hat you hold on t o t he Rope of Allah alt oget her and do not
divide, and t hat you advise whoever Allah appoint s as your Leader. The t hree t hat displease
Him are t hat you say, ` It was said,' and, ` So-and-so said,' asking many unnecessary quest ions
and wast ing money.)
Allah said,
ブ
∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ギ∇ハぺ∠ ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ
びゅ⇔ルや∠ヲ∇カま͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わ∇エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠
(and remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one t o anot her but He j oined your
heart s t oget her, so t hat , by His grace, you became bret hren) 3:103 .
This was revealed about t he Aws and Khazraj . During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he Aws and
Khazraj were at war and had great hat red, enmit y and ill feelings t owards each ot her, causing
long conflict s and bat t les t o occur bet ween t hem. When Allah brought Islam, t hose among
t hem who embraced it became brot hers who loved each ot her by Allah's grace, having good t ies
for Allah's sake and helping each ot her in right eousness and piet y. Allah said,
リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ∠ ャｚぺ∠ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ダレ∠ よ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Αｚぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ
ろ
∠ ∇ヘャｚぺ∠ べｚョゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョろ ∠ ∇ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ブ
∠ ャｚぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやリ
ｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠
(He it is Who has support ed you wit h His Help and wit h t he believers. And He has unit ed t heir
heart s. If you had spent all t hat is in t he eart h, you could not have unit ed t heir heart s, but
Allah has unit ed t hem) 8:62,63 , unt il t he end of t he Ayah. Before Islam, t heir disbelief had
t hem st anding at t he edge of a pit of t he Fire, but Allah saved t hem from it and delivered t hem
t o fait h. The Messenger of Allah reminded t he Ansar from bot h Aws and Khazraj of t his
bount y when he was dividing t he war boot y of Hunayn. During t hat t ime, some Ansar did not
like t he way t he boot y was divided, since t hey did not get what t he ot hers did, alt hough t hat
was what Allah direct ed His Prophet t o do. The Messenger of Allah gave t hem a speech, in
which he said,
ぶ⊥ やユ⊥ ミ⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅｚヤッ
⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ギィ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ダ∇ルほ∠∇ャやゲ∠ ゼ ∠ ∇バョ∠ ゅ∠Α»
る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よぶ ⊥ やユ⊥ ム⊥ ヘ∠ ャｚほ∠プ∠ リ
∠ Βホ͡ ゲあヘ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ
«∨ヶ͡よぶ ⊥ やユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠
(O Ansar! Did I not find you misguided and Allah direct ed you t o guidance because of me Were
you not divided beforehand and Allah unit ed you around me Were you not poor and Allah
enriched you because of me)
Whenever t he Prophet asked t hem a quest ion, t hey would answer, "Indeed, Allah and His
Messenger have grant ed us bount y.''
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ∀るョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあリ⊥ムわ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ ͡ハ
∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや
∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ろ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ
ゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ キぁヲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヂぁ Β∠ ∇らゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ
∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇れキｚヲ∠ ∇シやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡よゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろツｚ Β∠ ∇よや
ペ
あエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠ルヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ⊥ ⇒∠Αや∠￢マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ
びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ
⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやゅ∠ョヱ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョ∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
びケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΙ
ｙやノ⊥ ィ
∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥
(104.Let t here arise out of you a group of people invit ing t o all t hat is good (Islam), enj oining
Al-Ma` ruf (all t hat Islam orders) and forbidding Al-Munkar (all t hat Islam has forbidden). And it
is t hey who are t he successful.) (105. And be not as t hose who divided and differed among
t hemselves aft er t he clear proofs had come t o t hem. It is t hey for whom t here is an awful
t orment .) (106. On t he Day (i.e. t he Day of Resurrect ion) when some faces will become whit e
and some faces will become black; as for t hose whose faces will become black (t o t hem will be
said): "Did you rej ect fait h aft er accept ing it Then t ast e t he t orment (in Hell) for rej ect ing
fait h.'') (107. And for t hose whose faces will become whit e, t hey will be in Allah's mercy
(Paradise), t herein t hey shall dwell forever.) (108. These are t he Ayat of Allah. We recit e t hem
t o you in t rut h, and Allah wills no inj ust ice t o t he ` Alamin.) (109. And t o Allah belongs all t hat
is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And all mat t ers go back (f or decision) t o Allah.)
The Command to Establish the Invitation to Allah

Allah said,
び∀るョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあリ⊥ムわ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ

(Let t here arise out of you a group of people)
t hat calls t o right eousness, enj oins all t hat is good and forbids evil in t he manner Allah
commanded,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(And it is t hey who are t he successful.)
Ad-Dahhak said, "They are a special group of t he Companions and a special group of t hose aft er
t hem, t hat is t hose who perform Jihad and t he scholars.''
The obj ect ive of t his Ayah is t hat t here should be a segment of t his Muslim Ummah fulfilling
t his t ask, even t hough it is also an obligat ion on every member of t his Ummah, each according
t o his abilit y. Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲあΒピ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲム∠ ∇レョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ノ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ͡ら͡ プ∠ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠
«ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャやブ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ッぺ∠
(Whoever among you wit nesses an evil, let him change it wit h his hand. If he is unable, t hen let
him change it wit h his t ongue. If he is unable, t hen let him change it wit h his heart , and t his is
t he weakest fait h.) In anot her narrat ion, The Prophet said,
«メ∠キ∇ゲカ
∠ る⊥ ｚらェ
∠ ラ
͡ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ »
(There is no fait h beyond t hat , not even t he weight of a must ard seed.)
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman said t hat t he Prophet said,
∩͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よｚラゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∩ロ͡ギΒ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ»

ゑ
∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ
⊥ やリｚム∠ セ
͡ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ラｚヲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇レわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠
ょ
∠ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒⇒ｚレハ
⊥ ∇ギわ∠ ャｚユを⊥ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇レハ
͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボハ
͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
«ユ⊥ムャ∠
(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will enj oin right eousness and forbid evil, or Allah shall
send down a punishment from Him t o you. Then, you will supplicat e t o Him, but He will not
accept your supplicat ion.)
At -Tirmidhi also collect ed t his Hadit h and said, "Hasan''. There are many ot her Hadit hs and Ayat
on t his subj ect , which will be explained lat er.
The Prohibition of Division

Allah said,
ゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びろ⊥ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ
(And be not as t hose who divided and differed among t hemselves aft er t he clear proofs had
come t o t hem) 3:105 .
In t his Ayah, Allah forbids t his Ummah from imit at ing t he division and discord of t he nat ions
t hat came before t hem. These nat ions also abandoned enj oining right eousness and forbidding
evil, alt hough t hey had proof of it s necessit y.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu ` Amir ` Abdullah bin Luhay said, "We performed Haj j wit h
Mu` awiyah bin Abi Sufyan. When we arrived at Makkah, he st ood up aft er praying Zuhr and
said, ` The Messenger of Allah said,
リ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇レを͡ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Α͡キヶ͡プやヲ⊥ホゲ∠ わ∠ ∇プやリ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ
∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラｚま͡»
ゐ
∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ヴヤ∠ハベ ⊥ ゲ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘわ∠ シ
∠ る∠ ョｚほ⊥∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ワラｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩⇔るヤｚョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ∠ ヱ∠
ゅｚャま͡ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやヶ͡プゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ヲ∇ワほ∠∇ャやヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ る⇔ ヤｚョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ∠ ヱ∠
ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ヶ͡プァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ シ ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨイ
∠ ∇ャやヶ ∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ
͡ や∠ヱ
ン∠ケゅ∠イわ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ￢⊥ や∠ヲ∇ワほ∠∇ャやマ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ン∠ケゅ∠イゎ∠ ∀ュや∠ヲ∇ホ∠ぺ
モ
∀ダ ͡ ∇ヘョ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∀ベ∇ゲ͡ハヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ヮ͡らェ ͡ ゅ∠ダよ͡ ょ ⊥ ヤ∠ム∠ ∇ャや
«ヮ∠ヤカ∠ キ∠ ゅｚャま͡
(The People of t he Two Script ures divided int o sevent y-t wo sect s. This Ummah will divide int o
sevent y-t hree sect s, all in t he Fire except one, t hat is, t he Jama` ah. Some of my Ummah will
be guided by desire, like one who is infect ed by rabies; no vein or j oint will be saved from
t hese desires.)
Mu` awiyah said next : By Allah, O Arabs! If you do not adhere t o what came t o you from your
Prophet t hen ot her people are even more prone not t o adhere t o it . '' Similar was recorded by
Abu Dawud from Ahmad bin Hanbal and Muhammad bin Yahya.
The Benefits of Brotherly Ties and Unity and the Consequence of

Division on the Day of the Gathering
Allah said next ,
び∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ キぁヲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヂ

ぁ Β∠ ∇らゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
(On t he Day when some faces will become whit e and some faces will become black;) 3:106
on t he Day of Resurrect ion. This is when t he faces of followers of t he Sunnah and t he Jama` ah
will radiat e wit h whit eness, and t he faces of followers of Bid` ah (innovat ion) and division will
be darkened, as has been report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. Allah said,
ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇れキｚヲ∠ ∇シやリ

び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま
(As for t hose whose faces will become black (t o t hem will be said): "Did you rej ect fait h aft er
accept ing it ")
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "They are t he hypocrit es.''
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ͡よゆ
∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グプ∠ ぴ
(Then t ast e t he t orment (in Hell) for rej ect ing fait h,) and t his descript ion befit s every
disbeliever.
∇ユワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡ヘプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇ろツ

ｚ Β∠ ∇よやリ
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
(And for t hose whose faces will become whit e, t hey will be in Allah's mercy (Paradise), t herein
t hey shall dwell forever.) in Paradise, where t hey will reside for et ernit y and shall never desire
t o be removed. Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Abu Ghalib said, "Abu Umamah saw heads
(of t he Khawarij sect ) hanging on t he st reet s of Damascus. He comment ed, ` The Dogs of t he
Fire and t he worst dead people under t he cover of t he sky. The best dead men are t hose whom
t hese have killed.' He t hen recit ed,
び∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ キぁヲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ロヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ヂ

ぁ Β∠ ∇らゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
(On t he Day (i.e. t he Day of Resurrect ion) when some faces will become whit e and some faces
will become black;) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. I said t o Abu Umamah, ` Did you hear t his from
t he Messenger of Allah' He said, ` If I only heard it from t he Messenger of Allah once, t wice,
t hrice, four t imes, or seven t imes, I would not have narrat ed it t o you.' '' At -Tirmidhi said, "This
Hadit h is Hasan.'' Ibn Maj ah and Ahmad recorded similarly.
Allah said,
びマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇わル∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
⊥ ⇒Α∠ へマ
∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ
(These are t he Ayat of Allah. We recit e t hem t o you) meaning, ` These are t he verses of Allah,
His proofs and signs t hat We reveal t o you, O Muhammad,'
びペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ
(in t rut h) making known t he t rue realit y of t his world and t he Hereaft er.
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャあゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ
⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and Allah wills no inj ust ice t o t he ` Alamin. ) for He never t reat s t hem wit h inj ust ice. Rat her,
He is t he Just Ruler Who is able t o do everyt hing and has knowledge of everyt hing. Therefore,
He does not need t o t reat any of His creat ures wit h inj ust ice, and t his is why He said next ,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
(and t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he Eart h.),
t hey are all His servant s and His propert y,
びケ⊥ ヲ⊥ョΕ
⊥ やノ⊥ ィ
∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And all mat t ers go back t o Allah,) for His is t he decision concerning t he affairs of t his life and
t he Hereaft er, and His is t he Supreme Aut horit y in t his life and t he Hereaft er.
ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ

ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ ͡ハ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠
Ι ｚま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
Ι∠ ｚユを⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠よキ⊥ Ι ｘやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ヲぁャヲ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ラま͡ヱ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ
Ιｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ョリ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ る⊥ ャｚグあャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ⊥ -ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ ∠ レ⊥Α
ょ∃ ツ ∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョあモ ∃ ∇らェ
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇リョあモ ∃ ∇らエ
∠ よ͡
∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡クる⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョあ
ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルΙ
ｘやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱｚ ∇や∇ヲダ ∠ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ∠ ャ͡クペｙェ∠
(110. You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; you enj oin Al-Ma` ruf (all t hat
Islam has ordained) and forbid Al-Munkar (all t hat Islam has forbidden), and you believe in
Allah. And had t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) believed, it would have been
bet t er for t hem; among t hem are some who have fait h, but most of t hem are Fasiqun
(rebellious).) (111. They will do you no harm, barring a t rifling annoyance; and if t hey fight
against you, t hey will show you t heir backs, and t hey will not be helped.) (112. They are
st ricken wit h humilit y wherever t hey may be, except when under a covenant (of prot ect ion)
from Allah, and a covenant from men; t hey have drawn on t hemselves t he wrat h of Allah, and
dest it ut ion is put over t hem. This is because t hey disbelieved in t he Ayat of Allah and killed t he
Prophet s wit hout right . This is because t hey disobeyed (Allah) and used t o t ransgress (t he limit s
set by Allah).)
Virtues of the Ummah of Muhammad , the Best

Nation Ever
Allah st at es t hat t he Ummah of Muhammad is t he best nat ion ever,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ
∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ
(You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind) 3:110 .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah comment ed on t his Ayah, "(You, Muslims, are) t he best
nat ion of people for t he people, you bring t hem t ied in chains on t heir necks (capt ure t hem in
war) and t hey lat er embrace Islam.'' Similar was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At iyah Al-` Awfi,
` Ikrimah, ` At a' and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas t hat ,
びサ
(You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind;) means, t he best of peoples for t he
people.
The meaning of t he Ayah is t hat t he Ummah of Muhammad is t he most right eous and beneficial
nat ion for mankind. Hence Allah's descript ion of t hem,
ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ フ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠
(you enj oin Al-Ma` ruf and forbid Al-Munkar and believe in Allah) 3:110 .
Ahmad, At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah, and Al-Hakim recorded t hat Hakim bin Mu` awiyah bin Haydah
narrat ed t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ∇Βカ

∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∩⇔るョｚぺ⊥ リ
∠ Β͡バ∇らシ
∠ ラヲぁプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠»
«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ
͡ やヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠
(You are t he final of sevent y nat ions, you are t he best and most honored among t hem t o Allah.)
This is a well-known Hadit h about which At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan'', and which is also narrat ed
from Mu` adh bin Jabal and Abu Sa` id. The Ummah of Muhammad achieved t his virt ue because
of it s Prophet , Muhammad, peace be upon him, t he most regarded of Allah's creat ion and t he
most honored Messenger wit h Allah. Allah sent Muhammad wit h t he perfect and complet e Law
t hat was never given t o any Prophet or Messenger before him. In Muhammad's Law, few deeds
t ake t he place of t he many deeds t hat ot her nat ions performed. For inst ance, Imam Ahmad
recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "The Messenger of Allah said,
«￢ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ テ
∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョろ
⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥»
(I was given what no ot her Prophet before me was given.)
We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! What is it ' He said,
∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャやウ
∠ Β͡ゎゅ∠ヘョ∠ ろ
⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩͡ょ∇ハゲぁャゅ͡よれ ⊥ ∇ゲダ͡ ル⊥ »
∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ
∠ ヶ͡ャゆ ⊥ や∠ゲわぁャやモ
∠ バ͡ ィ
⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ギヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ろ ⊥ Βあヨシ ⊥ ヱ∠
«ユ∠ョほ⊥∇ャやゲ∠ ∇Βカ
∠ ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ
⊥ ヱ∠
(I was given vict ory by fear, I was given t he keys of t he eart h, I was called Ahmad, t he eart h
was made a clean place for me (t o pray and perform Tayammum wit h it ) and my Ummah was
made t he best Ummah.).''
The chain of narrat ion for t his Hadit h is Hasan. There are several Hadit hs t hat we should
ment ion here.
The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said t hat , Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat Abu Hurayrah
narrat ed t o him, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥バ∇らシ
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀り∠ゲ∇ョコ⊥ ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ る∠ ⇒⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャやモ
⊥カ
⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ »
«ケ∇ギら∠ ∇ャやる∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ ゲ͡ ヨ∠ ボ∠ ∇ャやり∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ッま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ワ⊥ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ￢⊥ ヶ͡ツゎ⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ヘ∇ャぺ∠
: :
:
«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィやユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»

: :
«る∠セゅｚムハ
⊥ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ マ
∠ ボ∠ ら∠シ»
(A group of sevent y t housand from my Ummah will ent er Paradise, while t heir faces are
radiat ing, j ust like t he moon when it is full.'` Ukkashah bin Mihsan Al-Asadi st ood up, saying, ` O
Messenger of Allah! Supplicat e t o Allah t hat I am one of t hem.' The Messenger of Allah said, ` O
Allah! Make him one of t hem.' A man from t he Ansar also st ood and said, ` O Messenger of
Allah! Supplicat e t o Allah t hat I am one of t hem.' The Messenger said, ` Ukkashah has beat en
you t o it .')
Another Hadith that Establishes the Virtues of the Ummah of

Muhammad in this Life and the Hereafter.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ヶ͡レバ⊥ ら͡ わｚ Α∠ ∇リョ∠ ラ

∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡»
«る⇒⇒ｚレイ∠ ∇ャやノ∠ よ⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
メゅホユを ∩ゅルゲらムプ :メゅホ:
«サゅｚレャやゑ
∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠»
メゅホユを ∩ゅルゲらムプ :メゅホ:
«ゲ∇トゼ
ｚャややヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠»
(` I hope t hat t hose who follow me will be one-fourt h of t he resident s of Paradise on t he Day of
Resurrect ion.' We said, ` Allahu Akbar'. He t hen said, ` I hope t hat t hey will be one-t hird of t he
people.' We said, ` Allahu Akbar'. He t hen said, ` I hope t hat you will be one-half.')''
Imam Ahmad recorded t he same Hadit h wit h anot her chain of narrat ion, and t his Hadit h meet s
t he crit eria of Muslim in his Sahih. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud
said, "The Messenger of Allah said t o us,
«∨͡る⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャやモ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ノ∠ よ⊥ ケ⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲッ
∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠»
(Does it please you t hat you will be one-fourt h of t he people of Paradise)
We said, ` Allahu Akbar!' He added,
∠ ∇ャやモ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゑ
∠ ヤ⊥を⊥ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲッ
∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョぺ∠»
(Does it please you t hat you will be one-t hird of t he people of Paradise) We said, ` Allahu
Akbar!' He said,
∠ ∇ャやモ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ゲ∠ ∇トセ
∠ やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ケほ∠ャ∠ ヶあルま͡»
(I hope t hat you will be half of t he people of Paradise.)'' Anot her Hadit h
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Buraydah said t hat t he Prophet said,
る⊥ ｚョほ⊥∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∩∠ブタ
∠ る⊥ も∠ ゅ͡ョヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼハ
͡ る͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやモ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠»
«ゅ６ヘタ
∠ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ルゅ∠ヨを∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク ∇リョ͡
(The people of Paradise are one hundred and t went y rows, t his Ummah t akes up eight y of
t hem.)
Imam Ahmad also collect ed t his Hadit h t hrough anot her chain of narrat ion. At -Tirmidhi and Ibn
Maj ah also collect ed t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi said, ` This Hadit h is Hasan. ` Abdur-Razzaq
recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat , t he Prophet said,
メ⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ∩͡る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚほ∠∇ャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャやリ⊥ ∇エル∠ »
∇リョ͡ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャややヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∩∠る⇒⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャやゅ⇔ャヲ⊥カキ⊥ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや
やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやゅ∠ヨャ͡ ぶ⊥ やゅ∠ルや∠ギヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ゅ∠レΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ∠ヱゅ∠レヤ͡∇らホ∠
∩͡ヮΒ͡プやヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやヵ͡グャｚやュ⊥ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやや∠グヰ∠ プ∠ ∩あペエ ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ
ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∩͡キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ や⇔ギビ ∠ ∩∀ノら∠ ゎ∠ ヮ͡ Βプ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャサ
⊥ ゅｚレャや
«ギ∠ビ
(We (Muslims) are t he last t o come, but t he foremost on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and t he first
people t o ent er Paradise, alt hough t he former nat ions were given t he Script ures before us and
we aft er t hem. Allah gave us t he guidance of t rut h t hat t hey have been disput ing about . This
(Friday) is t he Day t hat t hey have been disput ing about , and all t he ot her people are behind us
in t his mat t er: t he Jews' (day of congregat ion is) t omorrow (Sat urday) and t he Christ ians' is t he
day aft er t omorrow (Sunday). )
Al-Bukhari and Muslim collect ed t his Hadit h. Muslim recorded Abu Hurayrah saying t hat t he
メ
⊥ ｚヱぺ∠ リ
⊥ ∇エル∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヱｚほ∠∇ャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ͡ べ∇ャやリ
⊥ ∇エル∠ »
«る⇒⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャやモ
⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∇リョ∠
(We (Muslims) are t he last (t o come), but (will be) t he foremost on t he Day of Resurrect ion,
and will be t he first people t o ent er Paradise...) unt il t he end of t he Hadit h.
These and ot her Hadit hs conform t o t he meaning of t he Ayah,
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ る∃ ョｚぺ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミぴ
びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ラ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レゎ∠ ヱ∠ フ
(You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind; you enj oin Al-Ma` ruf (all t hat Islam
has ordained) and forbid Al-Munkar (all t hat Islam has forbidden), and you believe in Allah).
Therefore, whoever among t his Ummah acquires t hese qualit ies, will have a share in t his
praise. Qat adah said, "We were t old t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab recit ed t his Ayah 3:110 during
a Haj j t hat he performed, when he saw t hat t he people were rushing. He t hen said, ` Whoever
likes t o be among t his praised Ummah, let him fulfill t he condit ion t hat Allah set in t his
Ayah.''' Ibn Jarir recorded t his. Those from t his Ummah who do not acquire t hese qualit ies will
be j ust like t he People of t he Script ures whom Allah crit icized, when He said,
びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ム∠ レぁョリ∠ハラ

∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミぴ
(They did not forbid one anot her from t he Munkar which t hey commit t ed. ..) 5:79 .
This is t he reason why, aft er Allah praised t he Muslim Ummah wit h t he qualit ies t hat He
ment ioned, He crit icized t he People of t he Script ures and chast ised t hem, saying,
びょ
⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ リ
∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And had t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) believed) 3:110 ,
in what was sent down t o Muhammad ,
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや
(it would have been bet t er for t hem; among t hem are some who have fait h, but most of t hem
are Fasiqun (rebellious).)
Therefore only a few of t hem believe in Allah and in what was sent down t o you and t o t hem.
The maj orit y of t hem follow deviat ion, disbelief, sin and rebellion.
The Good News that Muslims will Dominate the People of the Book
While delivering t he good news t o His believing servant s t hat vict ory and dominance will be
t heirs against t he disbelieving, at heist ic People of t he Script ures, Allah t hen said,
ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ヲぁャヲ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ Ι

ｚま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁゲツ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャぴ
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲダ∠ レ⊥Α Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠よキ⊥ Ι
ｘや
(They will do you no harm, barring a t rifling annoyance; and if t hey fight against you, t hey will
show you t heir backs, and t hey will not be helped.) 3:111
This is what occurred, for at t he bat t le of Khaybar, Allah brought humiliat ion and disgrace t o
t he Jews. Before t hat , t he Jews in Al-Madinah, t he t ribes of Qaynuqa` , Nadir and Qurayzah,
were also humiliat ed by Allah. Such was t he case wit h t he Christ ians in t he area of Ash-Sham
lat er on, when t he Companions defeat ed t hem in many bat t les and t ook over t he leadership of
Ash-Sham forever. There shall always be a group of Muslims in Ash-Sham area unt il ` Isa, son of
Maryam, descends while t hey are like t his on t he t rut h, apparent and vict orious . ` Isa will at
t hat t ime rule according t o t he Law of Muhammad , break t he cross, kill t he swine, banish t he
Jizyah and only accept Islam from t he people.
Allah said next ,
∇リョあモ
∃ ∇らエ
∠ よ͡ Ι
ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヘボ͡ を⊥ ゅ∠ョリ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠ る⊥ ャｚグあャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ
⊥ ぴ
びサ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョあモ∃ ∇らェ
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(Indignit y is put over t hem wherever t hey may be, except when under a covenant (of
prot ect ion) from Allah, and a covenant from men;) meaning, Allah has placed humiliat ion and
disgrace on t hem wherever t hey may be, and t hey will never be safe,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇リョあモ

∃ ∇らエ
∠ よ͡ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(except when under a covenant from Allah,) under t he Dhimmah (covenant of prot ect ion) from
Allah t hat requires t hem t o pay t he Jizyah (t ax, t o Muslims,) and makes t hem subservient t o
Islamic Law.
びサ
∠ ョあモ
∃ ∇らェ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and a covenant from men;) meaning, covenant from men, such as pledges of prot ect ion and
safet y offered t o t hem by Muslim men and women, and even a slave, according t o one of t he
sayings of t he scholars. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
びサ
∠ ョあモ
∃ ∇らェ
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや ∇リョあモ
∃ ∇らエ
∠ よ͡ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(except when under a covenant from Allah, and a covenant from men;) refers t o a covenant of
prot ect ion from Allah and a pledge of safet y from people. Similar was said by Muj ahid,
` Ikrimah, ` At a', Ad-Dahhak, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. Allah's
st at ement ,
∠ ョあょ
∃ ツ
∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ ぴ
(t hey have drawn on t hemselves t he wrat h of Allah,) means, t hey earned Allah's anger, which
t hey deserved,
びる⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and dest it ut ion is put over t hem), meaning t hey deserve it by decree and legislat ively.
Allah said next ,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
びペｙェ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルΙ
ｘや
(This is because t hey disbelieved in t he Ayat of Allah and killed t he Prophet s wit hout right .)
meaning, what drove t hem t o t his was t heir arrogance, t ransgression and envy, earning t hem
humiliat ion, degradat ion and disgrace t hroughout t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ダハ
∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
(This is because t hey disobeyed and used t o t ransgress (t he limit s set by Allah).) meaning, what
lured t hem t o disbelieve in Allah's Ayat and kill His Messengers, is t he fact t hat t hey oft en
disobeyed Allah's commands, commit t ed His prohibit ions and t ransgressed His set limit s. We
seek refuge from t his behavior, and Allah Alone is sought for each and every t ype of help.
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚぺ⊥ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャ∠ぴ
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢
ラ
∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ͡Ι ｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
リ
∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ れ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ ͡ハ ∠
ロ⊥ ヱゲ∠ヘ∇ムΑ⊥ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや
ヴ
∠ レ͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ∇リャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ
マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ∠ ョあ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠
ラ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョモ ⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ - ラ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠
ゲｘタ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プウ ∃ Α͡ケモ ͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ∠ ∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ⇒͡ワヴ͡プ
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇わム∠ ヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ
∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ
∠
(113. Not all of t hem are alike; a part y of t he People of t he Script ure st and for t he right , t hey
recit e t he verses of Allah during t he hours of t he night , prost rat ing t hemselves in prayer.) (114.
They believe in Allah and t he Last Day; t hey enj oin Al-Ma` ruf and forbid Al-Munkar; and t hey
hast en in (all) good works; and t hey are among t he right eous.) (115. And what ever good t hey
do, not hing will be rej ect ed of t hem; for Allah knows well t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).) (116.
Surely, t hose who disbelieve, neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem against
Allah. They are t he dwellers of t he Fire, t herein t hey will abide.) (117. The parable of what
t hey spend in t his world is t hat of a wind of Sir; it st ruck t he harvest of a people who did wrong
against t hemselves and dest royed it . Allah wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves.)
Virtues of the People of the Scriptures Who Embrace Islam

Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot hers, including Al-` Awfi who report ed it from Ibn ` Abbas, said;
"These Ayat were revealed about t he clergy of t he People of t he Script ures who embraced t he
fait h. For inst ance, t here is ` Abdullah bin Salam, Asad bin ` Ubayd, Tha` labah bin Sa` yah,
Usayd bin Sa` yah, and so fort h. This Ayah means t hat t hose among t he People of t he Book
whom Allah rebuked earlier are not at all t he same as t hose among t hem who embraced Islam.
Hence Allah's st at ement ,
び￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not all of t hem are alike) 3:113 .''
Therefore, t hese t wo t ypes of people are not equal, and indeed, t here are believers and also
criminals among t he People of t he Book, j ust as Allah said,
びる∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚぺ⊥ ょ

͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあぴ
(a part y of t he People of t he Script ure st and for t he right ) for t hey implement t he Book of
Allah, adhere t o His Law and follow His Prophet Muhammad . Therefore, t his t ype is on t he
st raight pat h,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギイ
⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ
͡ ∇Βャｚや￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ぴ
(t hey recit e t he verses of Allah during t he hours of t he night , prost rat ing t hemselves in prayer.)
They oft en st and in prayer at night for Tahaj j ud, and recit e t he Qur'an in t heir prayer,
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ͡Ι
ｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ
ヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ フ
び ∠リΒ͡エ͡ヤ⇒ｚダャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∠マ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱれ
͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ∠ ∇ャや
(They believe in Allah and t he Last Day; t hey enj oin Al-Ma` ruf and forbid Al-Munkar; and t hey
hast en in (all) good works; and t hey are among t he right eous) 3: 114 .
This is t he same t ype of people ment ioned at t he end of t he Surah;
メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よリ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤｚャリ
∠ Β͡バゼ
͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
(And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), t hose who
believe in Allah and in t hat which has been revealed t o you, and in t hat which has been
revealed t o t hem, humbling t hemselves before Allah.) 3:199 .
Allah said here,
びロ⊥ ヱゲ∠ヘ∇ムΑ⊥ ∇リヤ∠プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ

∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And what ever good t hey do, not hing will be rej ect ed of t hem;) 3:115 meaning, t heir good
deeds will not be lost wit h Allah. Rat her, He will award t hem t he best rewards,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(for Allah knows well t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).) for no deed performed by any person ever
escapes His knowledge, nor is any reward for t hose who do good deeds ever lost wit h Him.
Allah ment ions t he disbelieving polyt heist s:
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョあユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ヴ
∠
(neit her t heir propert ies nor t heir offspring will avail t hem against Allah) 3:116 . meaning,
not hing can avert Allah's t orment and punishment from st riking t hem,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやょ
⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(They are t he dwellers of t he Fire, t herein t hey will abide.)
The Parable of What the Disbelievers Spend in This Life

Allah gave a parable for what t he disbelievers spend in t his life, as Muj ahid, Al-Hasan and As-
Suddi said.
ウ
∃ Α͡ケモ
͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ⇒͡ワヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョモ
⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ
びゲｘタ
͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
(The likeness of what t hey spend in t his world is t he likeness of a wind of Sir;) a frigid wind, as
Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and
ot hers have said. ` At a' said t hat Sir, means, ` cold and snow.' Ibn ` Abbas and Muj ahid are also
report ed t o have said t hat Sir means, ` fire'. This lat t er meaning does not cont radict t he
meanings we ment ioned above, because ext reme cold weat her, especially when accompanied
by snow, burns plant s and produce, and has t he same effect fire has on such growt h.
びヮ⊥ ∇わム∠ ヤ∠∇ワほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ

∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ゐ
∠ ∇ゲェ
∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ぴ
(It st ruck t he harvest of a people who did wrong against t hemselves and dest royed it ) 3:117 ,
by burning. This Ayah ment ions a calamit y t hat st rikes produce t hat is ready t o harvest ,
dest roying it by burning and depriving it s owner of it when he needs it t he most . Such is t he
case wit h t he disbelievers, for Allah dest roys t he rewards for t heir good deeds in t his life, j ust
as He dest royed t he produce of t he sinner because of his sins. Bot h t ypes did not build t heir
work on firm foundat ions,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ∠ニ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah wronged t hem not , but t hey wronged t hemselves.)
∇ユム⊥ ル͡ ヱ⊥キリあョる⇔ ル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι

∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャやれ ͡ ギ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユわぁレ͡ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠らカ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャ∇ほΑ∠ Ι
∠
ゅｚレΒｚよ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ͡
￢͡ Ι∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺべ∠ワ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ラま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ
ｘやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠
ヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ͡ ゎ⊥
ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲぁツハ ∠ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ョ ∇モホ⊥ ナ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルΙ
ｘや
∇ユワ⊥ ∇ぽジ⊥ ゎ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ラ͡ま - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダぁャやれ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ
∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあシ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠
ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲぁツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠
び ∀テΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α
(118. O you who believe! Take not as (your) Bit anah (advisors, helpers) t hose ot her t han your
own, since t hey will not fail t o do t heir best t o corrupt you. They desire t o harm you severely.
Hat red has already appeared from t heir mout hs, but what t heir breast s conceal is far worse.
Indeed We have made plain t o you t he Ayat if you underst and.) (119. Lo! You are t he ones who
love t hem but t hey love you not , and you believe in all t he Script ures. And when t hey meet
you, t hey say, "We believe.'' But when t hey are alone, t hey bit e t heir Anamil at you in rage.
Say: "Perish in your rage. Cert ainly, Allah knows what is in t he breast s (all t he secret s). '') (120.
If a good befalls you, it grieves t hem, but if some evil overt akes you, t hey rej oice at it . But if
you remain pat ient and have Taqwa, not t he least harm will t heir cunning do t o you. Surely,
Allah surrounds all t hat t hey do.)
The Prohibition of Taking Advisors From Among the Disbelievers

Allah forbids His believing servant s from t aking t he hypocrit es as advisors, so t hat t he
hypocrit es do not have t he opport unit y t o expose t he secret s of t he believers and t heir plans
against t heir enemies. The hypocrit es t ry t heir very best t o confuse, oppose and harm t he
believers any way t hey can, and by using any wicked, evil means at t heir disposal. They wish
t he very worst and difficult condit ions for t he believers. Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ル͡ ヱ⊥キリあョる⇔ ル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グガ

͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι
∠ぴ
(Take not as (your) Bit anah t hose ot her t han your own) 3:118 , in reference t o t aking
followers of ot her religions as consult ant s and advisors, for advisors of a cert ain person have
access t o his most secret affairs. Al-Bukhari and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat , Abu Sa` id said t hat
t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅｚャま͡ る∃ ヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ブ ∠ ヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ャヱ∠ ヶ ∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
ヮ⊥ ぁツエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∀るル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ :ラ ͡ ゅ∠わル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ
∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ヮ⊥ ぁツエ ⊥ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ∀るル∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
«ぶやユ∠ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ダ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(Allah has not sent any Prophet nor was t here any Khalifah but t hey have t wo t ypes of advisors,
one t hat commands him wit h right eousness and advises it , and anot her t hat commands him
wit h evil and advises him wit h it . Only t hose whom Allah gives immunit y are immune.)
Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Ibn Abi Ad-Dahqanah said, "` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab was t old, ` There
is young man here from t he people of Hirah (in Iraq, who were Christ ians) who is a proficient
scribe. Why do you not appoint him as a scribe' ` Umar said, ` I would t hen be t aking advisors
from among t he disbelievers.''' This Ayah and t he st ory about ` Umar t est ify t o t he fact t hat
Muslims are not allowed t o use Ahl Adh-Dhimmah t o be scribes in mat t ers t hat affect t he affairs
of Muslims and expose t heir secret s, for t hey might convey t hese secret s t o combat ant
disbelievers. This is why Allah said,
び∇ユわぁレ͡ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ Ι
⇔ ゅ∠らカ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャ∇ほΑ∠ Ι
∠ぴ
(since t hey will not fail t o do t heir best t o corrupt you. They desire t o harm you severely.)
Allah t hen said,
ヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ￢⊥ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャやれ ͡ ギ∠ よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ

びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ
⊥
(Hat red has already appeared from t heir mout hs, but what t heir breast s conceal is far worse.)
meaning, enmit y appears on t heir faces and in what t hey somet imes ut t er, as well as, t he
enmit y t hey have against Islam and it s people in t heir heart s. Since t his fact is apparent t o
every person who has sound comprehension, t herefore,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ラま͡ ろ
͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ
ｘやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚレΒｚよ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ
(Indeed We have made plain t o you t he Ayat if you underst and.)
Allah said next ,

び∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ￢͡ Ι∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺべ∠ワぴ
(O! You are t he ones who love t hem but t hey love you not ), meaning, O believers! You like t he
hypocrit es because you t hink t hey are believers, for t hey pret end t o be so, but t hey do not like
you publicly or secret ly.
びヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And you believe in all t he Script ures) meaning, you have no doubt in any part of Allah's Book,
while t he hypocrit es have deep doubt s, confusion and reservat ions about it .
Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
びヮ͡ ヤあミ⊥ ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and you believe in all t he Script ures,) means, you believe in your Book, t heir Book, and t he
previous Books, while t he hypocrit es disbelieve in your Book, and t his is why t hey deserve t hat
you dislike t hem inst ead of t hem disliking you. Ibn Jarir collect ed t his st at ement .
ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲぁツハ
∠ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ
∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ボャ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びナ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ モ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルΙ
ｘや
(And when t hey meet you, t hey say, "We believe.'' But when t hey are alone, t hey bit e t heir
Anamil at you in rage.)
The word Anamil, means t he t ips of t he fingers, as Qat adah st at ed. This is t he behavior of t he
hypocrit es who pret end t o be believers and kind when t hey are wit h t he believers, all t he while
concealing t he opposit e in t heir heart s in every respect . This is t he exact sit uat ion t hat Allah
describes,
びナ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ モ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ルΙ
ｘやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲぁツハ
∠ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ
∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(But when t hey are alone, t hey bit e t heir Anamil at you in rage) and rage is ext reme anger and
fury. Allah said t o t hem,
びケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダ
ぁャやれ
͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ョ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Perish in your rage. Cert ainly, Allah knows what is in t he breast s (all t he secret s).'') for
no mat t er how much you envy t he believers and feel rage t owards t hem, know t hat Allah shall
perfect His favor on His believing servant s, complet e His religion, raise high His Word and give
dominance t o His religion. Therefore, O hypocrit es, die in rage,
ぁャやれ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Allah knows what is in t he breast s.)
Allah has perfect knowledge of what you conceal in your heart s and chest s and in t he rage,
envy and hat red you have against t he believers. Allah will punish you for all t his in t his life, and
t hey will have t he good t hat you dislike for t hem. In t he Hereaft er, you will suffer severe
t orment in t he Fire where you will remain for et ernit y.
Thereaft er, Allah said,
る∀ ゃ∠ Βあシ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らダ
͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ぽジ
⊥ ゎ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ
∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ
びゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠
(If a good befalls you, it grieves t hem, but if some evil overt akes you, t hey rej oice at it )
3:120 . This only emphasizes t he severit y of t he enmit y t hat t he hypocrit es feel against t he
believers. If t he believers enj oy fert ile years, vict ories, support and t heir numbers and
following increase, t he hypocrit es become displeased. When t he Muslims suffer a drought or
t heir enemies gain t he upper hand against t hem, by Allah's decree, j ust as occurred during t he
bat t le of Uhud, t he hypocrit es become pleased. Allah said t o His believing servant s,
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぁゲツ
⊥ Α∠ Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(But if you remain pat ient and have Taqwa, not t he least harm will t heir cunning do t o you.)
Allah direct s t he believers t o safet y from t he wickedness of evil people and t he plot s of t he
sinners, by recommending t hem t o revert t o pat ience and by having fear of Allah and t rust ing
Him. Allah encompasses t he enemies of t he believers, all t he while t he believers have no
power or st rengt h except from Him. What ever Allah wills, occurs, and what ever He does not
will, does not occur. Not hing happens in His Kingdom except wit h His decision and according t o
His decrees. Verily, whoever relies on Allah, Allah shall suffice for him.
Allah t hen ment ions t he st ory of Uhud, t he defeat t hat He t est ed t he believers wit h, His
dist inguishing t he believers from t he hypocrit es and t heir pat ience.
ギ∠ ハ
͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ リ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや￢⊥ ンあヲら∠ ゎ⊥ マ
∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ れ
∠ ∇ヱギ∠ ビ ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョラ
͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚワ∠ ∇クま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱメ
͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ヤャ͡
モ͡ ミｚヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Βぁャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ Κ ∠ゼ ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ
る∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ
∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚゅ∠プ
(121. And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at
t heir st at ions for t he bat t le (of Uhud). And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (122. When t wo
part ies from among you were about t o lose heart , but Allah was t heir Wali (Support er and
Prot ect or). And in Allah should t he believers put t heir t rust .) (123. And Allah has already made
you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force. So have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may
be grat eful.)
The Battle of Uhud

According t o t he maj orit y of scholars, t hese Ayat are describing t he bat t le of Uhud, as Ibn
` Abbas, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi and ot hers said. The bat t le of Uhud occurred on a
Sat urday, in t he mont h of Shawwal on t he t hird year of Hij rah. ` Ikrimah said t hat Uhud
occurred in t he middle of t he mont h of Shawwal, and Allah knows best .
The Reason Behind the Battle of Uhud

The idolat ors suffered many casualt ies among t heir noble men at t he bat t le of Badr. The
caravan t hat Abu Sufyan led (before Badr) ret urned safely t o Makkah, prompt ing t he remaining
Makkan leaders and t he children of t hose who were killed at Badr t o demand from Abu Sufyan
t o, "Spend t his money on fight ing Muhammad!'' Consequent ly, t hey spent t he money from t he
caravan on warfare expenses and mobilized t heir forces including t he Ahabish t ribes (t ribes
living around t he cit y). They gat hered t hree t housand soldiers and marched unt il t hey camped
near Uhud facing Al-Madinah. The Messenger of Allah led t he Friday prayer and when he
finished wit h it , he performed t he funeral prayer for a man from Bani An-Naj j ar called Malik
bin ` Amr. The Prophet t hen asked t he Muslims for advice, if t hey should march t o meet t he
disbelievers, or fort ify t hemselves in Al-Madinah. ` Abdullah bin Ubayy (t he chief hypocrit e)
advised t hat t hey should remain in Al-Madinah, saying t hat if t he disbelievers lay siege t o Al-
Madinah, t he siege would be great ly disadvant ageous t o t hem. He added t hat if t hey decide t o
at t ack Al-Madinah, it s men would face off wit h t hem, while women and children could t hrow
rocks at t hem from above t heir heads; and if t hey decide t o ret urn t o Makkah, t hey would
ret urn wit h failure. However, some companions who did not at t end t he bat t le of Badr advised
t hat t he Muslims should go out t o Uhud t o meet t he disbelievers.
The Messenger of Allah went t o his home, put on his shield and came out . The companions
were weary t hen and said t o each ot her, "Did we compel t he Messenger of Allah t o go out '' They
said, "O Messenger of Allah! If you wish, we will remain in Al-Madinah. '' The Messenger of Allah
said,
ヴｚわェ
∠ ノ∠ ィ
͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ョ∠ ∇ほャ∠ ザ
∠ ら͡ ャ∠ や∠クま͡ ヶ
∠ ら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
«ヮ∠ャぶ⊥ やユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠
(It is not for a Prophet t o wear his shield for war t hen lay down his arms before Allah decides in
his favor.)
The Messenger of Allah marched wit h a t housand of his Companions. When t hey reached t he
Shawt area, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy went back t o Al-Madinah wit h a t hird of t he army, claiming he
was angry t he Prophet did not list en t o his advice. He and his support ers said, "If we knew t hat
you would fight t oday, we would have accompanied you. However, we do not t hink t hat you
will fight t oday.'' The Messenger of Allah marched unt il he reached t he hillside in t he area of
Uhud, where t hey camped in t he valley wit h Mount Uhud behind t hem. The Messenger of Allah
said,
«メゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よロ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∇ほル∠ ヴｚわェ

∠ ギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ リ
ｚヤ∠ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»
(No one st art s fight ing unt il I issue t he command t o fight .)
The Messenger prepared his forces for bat t le, and his army was seven hundred men. He
appoint ed ` Abdullah bin Jubayr, from Bani ` Amr bin ` Awf, t o lead t he archers who were fift y
men. The Prophet said t o t hem,
∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡ら∠ ホ͡ ∇リョ͡ リｚ Β∠ ゎ∠ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅｚレハ∠ モ ∠ ∇Βガ

∠ ∇ャややヲ⊥エツ ∠ ∇ルや»
∩ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャる⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚレャやろ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ やヲ⊥ョゴ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
«ユ⊥ムル∠ ゅ∠ムョ∠ やヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅヤ∠プ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇Βｚトャやゅ∠レヘ⊥ ト∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Α∠ぺ∠ケ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠
(Keep t he horsemen away from us, and be aware t hat we might be at t acked from your
direct ion. If vict ory was for or against us, remain in your posit ions. And even if you see us being
picked up by birds, do not abandon your posit ions.)
The Prophet wore t wo prot ect ive shields and gave t he flag t o Mus` ab bin ` Umayr of Bani ` Abd
Ad-Dar. The Prophet also allowed some young men t o part icipat e in fight ing, but not ot hers,
whom he allowed t o part icipat e in t he bat t le of Al-Khandaq t wo years lat er. The Quraysh
mobilized t heir forces of t hree t housand men wit h t wo hundred horsemen on each flank. They
appoint ed Khalid bin Al-Walid t o lead t he right side of t he horsemen and ` Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl
on t he left side. They also gave t heir grand flag t o t he t ribe of Bani ` Abd Ad-Dar. Allah willing,
we will ment ion t he det ails of t his bat t le lat er on, if Allah wills. Allah said here,
ギ∠ ハ
͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや￢⊥ ンあヲら∠ ゎ⊥ マ
∠ ∇ヱギ∠ ビ
∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びメ
(And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at t heir
st at ions for t he bat t le) 3:121 , designat ing t hem t o various posit ions, dividing t he army t o t he
left and right sides and placing t hem wherever you command t hem.
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ ∀ノΒ͡ヨシ
(And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower), He hears what you say and knows what you conceal in
your heart s. Allah said next ,
びΚ
∠ ゼ
∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョラ
͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚワ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
(When t wo part ies from among you were about t o lose heart ,) 3:122 .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "The Ayah,
びΚ
∠ ゼ
∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョラ
͡ ゅ∠わヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚワ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
(When t wo part ies from among you were about t o lose heart ) was revealed about us, t he t wo
Muslim t ribes of Bani Harit hah and Bani Salamah. I (or we) would not be pleased if it was not
revealed, because Allah said in it ,
びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Βぁャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(but Allah was t heir Wali (Support er and Prot ect or)) 3:122 .''
Muslim recorded t his Hadit h from Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah.
Reminding the Believers of Their Victory at Badr

Allah said,
びケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ

∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr,) 3:123 meaning, during t he bat t le of
Badr, which occurred on a Friday, t he sevent eent h of Ramadan, in t he second year of Hij rah.
The day of Badr is known as Yawm Al-Furqan t he Day of t he Clarificat ion , by which Allah
gave vict ory and dominance t o Islam and it s people and disgraced and dest royed Shirk, even
t hough t he Muslims were few. The Muslims numbered t hree hundred and t hirt een men, wit h
t wo horses and sevent y camels. The rest were foot soldiers wit hout enough supplies for t he
bat t le. The enemy army consist ed of nine hundred t o a t housand men, having enough shields
and supplies, bat t le-ready horses and even various adornment s.
However, Allah gave vict ory t o His Messenger , support ed His revelat ion, and illuminat ed
success on t he faces of t he Prophet and his following. Allah also brought disgrace t o Shayat an
and his army. This is why Allah reminded His believing servant s and pious part y of t his favor,
びる∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ

∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr, when you were a weak lit t le force), cwhen
you were few t hen. This Ayah reminds t hem t hat vict ory is only from Allah, not because of a
large army and adequat e supplies. This is why Allah said in anot her Ayah,
∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハリ
͡ ∇ピゎ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ イ
∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇クま͡ リ
∃ ∇Βレ∠ ェ
⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠
(. .and on t he day of Hunayn (bat t le) when you rej oiced at your great number, but it availed
you naught ) 9:25 , unt il,
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) 9:27 .
Badr is an area bet ween Makkah and Al-Madinah and is known by t he well t hat bears it s name,
which in t urn was so named aft er Badr bin An-Narayn, t he person who dug t he well.
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚゅ∠プぴ
(So have Taqwa of Allah t hat you may be grat ef ul.) 3:123 , means, fulfill t he obligat ions of
His obedience.
∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
ラ͡まヴ∠ヤよ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ャゴ∠ レ⊥ョる͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョあフ ∃ Ι ∠ や∠￢る͡ を∠ Κ ∠ ん∠ よ͡
∇ユミ⊥ ∇キギ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ら∇ダ∠ゎ
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ョヲあジ∠ ョ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあフ ∃ Ιや∠￢る͡ ジ ∠ ∇ヨガ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リｚゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠
ノ∠ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ - ユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ι ｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャや
リ
∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Βプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョあゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ ∠
∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ∠ ∇Βャ∠ -
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあバ∠ Α⊥
ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡
(124. (Remember) when you said t o t he believers, "Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord
should help you wit h t hree t housand angels sent down'') (125. "But , if you hold on t o pat ience
and have Taqwa, and t he enemy comes rushing at you; your Lord will help you wit h five
t housand angels having marks (of dist inct ion).'') (126. Allah made it not but as a message of
good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s. And t here is no vict ory except from
Allah, t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise.) (127. That He might cut off a part of t hose who disbelieve,
or expose t hem t o infamy, so t hat t hey ret ire frust rat ed.) (128. Not for you is t he decision;
whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardon) t hem or punishes t hem; verily, t hey are t he
wrongdoers.) (129. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h.
He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most
Merciful.)
The Support of the Angels

The scholars of Tafsir differ over whet her t he promise cont ained in t hese Ayat referred t o t he
bat t le of Badr or Uhud. The First View
There are t wo opinions about t his, one of t hem saying t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
((Remember) when you said t o t he believers) 3:124 , is relat ed t o His st at ement ,
びケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ

∠ ル∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah has already made you vict orious at Badr) 3:123 .
This was report ed from Al-Hasan Al-Basri, ` Amr Ash-Sha` bi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several
ot hers, Ibn Jarir also agreed wit h t his opinion. ` Abbad bin Mansur said t hat Al-Hasan said t hat
∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ メ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
びる͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあフ ∃ Ι ∠ や∠￢る͡ を∠ Κ
∠ ん∠ よ͡
((Remember) when you said t o t he believers, "Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord should
help you wit h t hree t housand angels'') 3:124 , is about t he bat t le of Badr; Ibn Abi Hat im also
recorded t his st at ement .
Ibn Abi Hat im t hen report ed t hat ` Amr Ash-Sha` bi said, "On t he day of Badr, t he Muslims
received informat ion t hat Kurz bin Jabir (a prominent t ribe chief) was aiding t he idolat ors, and
t his news was hard on t hem, so Allah revealed;
リ
∠ ョあフ
∃ Ι
∠ や∠￢る͡ を∠ Κ
∠ ん∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギヨ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ∇リャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡ャゴ∠ レ⊥ョる͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや
("Is it not enough for you t hat your Lord (Allah) should help you wit h t hree t housand angels sent
down''), unt il,
びリ
∠ Β͡ョヲあジ
∠ ョ⊥ ぴ
(having marks (of dist inct ion)) 3:124,125 .
The news of t he defeat of t he idolat ors at Badr reached Kurz and he did not reinforce t hem,
and t hus, Allah did not reinforce t he Muslims wit h t he five (t housands of angels).''
As for Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, he said, "Allah support ed t he Muslims wit h one t housand (angels),
t hen t he number reached t hree t housand, t hen five t housand.'' If one asks, according t o t his
opinion, how can we combine bet ween t his Ayah and Allah's st at ement about Badr,
∇ユミ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ョ⊥ ヶあルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よｚケ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥んΒ͡ピわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡プキ͡ ∇ゲョ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあブ
∃ ∇ャほ∠よ͡
((Remember) when you sought help of your Lord and He answered you (saying): "I will help you
wit h a t housand angels, each behind t he ot her (f ollowing one anot her) in succession.'') 8:9 ,
unt il,
び∀ユΒ͡ムェ
∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ぴ
(Verily! Allah is All-Might y, All-Wise) We say t hat t he one t housand ment ioned here does not
cont radict t he t hree t housand ment ioned in t he above Ayah 3:124 . The word "in succession''
means t hey follow each ot her and t hus indicat es t hat t housands more will follow t hem. The
t wo Ayat above 8:9 and 3:124 are similar in meaning and it appears t hat t hey bot h were
about t he bat t le of Badr, because t he angels did fight in t he bat t le of Badr, as t he evidence
indicat es. Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,
び∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ

(But if you hold on t o pat ience and have Taqwa,) 3:125 means, if you observe pat ience while
fight ing t he enemy, all t he while fearing Me and obeying My command. Al-Hasan, Qat adah, Ar-
Rabi` and As-Suddi said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hey will come rushing) means, t hey (angels) will rush t o you inst ant aneously. Al-` Awfi
said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "All at once''. It is also said t hat it means,
before t heir anger subsides (against t he disbelievers). The Second View
The second opinion st ipulat es t hat t he promise ment ioned here concerning t he angels
part icipat ing in bat t le is relat ed t o Allah's st at ement ,
ギ∠ ハ
͡ ゅ∠ボョ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや￢⊥ ンあヲら∠ ゎ⊥ マ
∠ ∇ヱギ∠ ビ
びメ
(And (remember) when you left your household in t he morning t o post t he believers at t heir
st at ions for t he bat t le) of Uhud. However, we should add, t he angels did not come t o t he aid of
Muslims at Uhud, because Allah made it condit ional,
び∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヴ∠ヤよ∠ ぴ
(But if you hold on t o pat ience and have Taqwa) 3: 125 .
The Muslims were not pat ient at Uhud. Rat her, t hey ran away and, consequent ly, did not
receive t he support of even one angel.
る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあフ
∃ Ιや∠￢る͡ ジ
∠ ∇ヨガ
∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇キギ͡ ∇ヨΑ⊥ ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡ョヲあジ ∠ ョ⊥
(your Lord will help you wit h five t housand angels having marks), of dist inct ion.
Abu Ishaq As-Subay` i said; from Harit hah bin Mudarrib said t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "The
angels were dist inguished by wearing whit e wool at Badr.'' The angels also had special markings
dist inguishing t heir horses.
Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ
ｚゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ
びヮ͡ よ͡
(Allah made it not but as a message of good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s)
3:126 .
This Ayah means, "Allah sent down angels and t old you about t heir descent t o encourage you
and t o comfort and reassure your heart s. You should know t hat vict ory only comes from Allah
and t hat if He willed, He would have defeat ed your enemy wit hout you having t o fight t hem.''
For inst ance, Allah said aft er commanding t he believers t o fight ,
ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ∂ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ

∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや￢べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クぴ
リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠よウ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ シ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ｚモツ ͡ Α⊥
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰプ∠ ゲｚハ
∠ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャや
(But if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could cert ainly have punished t hem (wit hout you).
But (He let s you fight ) in order t o t est some of you wit h ot hers. But t hose who are killed in t he
way of Allah, He will never let t heir deeds be lost . He will guide t hem and set right t heir st at e.
And admit t hem t o Paradise which He has made known t o t hem) 47:4-6 .
∇ユム⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ
ｚゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トわ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ゼよ⊥ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヮ⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ
びユ͡ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ιｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャやゅ∠ョ∠ヱヮ͡ よ͡
(Allah made it not but as a message of good news for you and as an assurance t o your heart s.
And t here is no vict ory except from Allah, t he All-Might y, t he All-Wise) 3:126 .
This Ayah means, "Allah is t he Almight y Whose power can never be undermined, and He has t he
perfect wisdom in His decrees and in all His decisions.'' Allah said,
∠ ョあゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ
∠ ノ∠ ト
∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(That He might cut off a part of t hose who disbelieve,) 3:127 meaning, out of His wisdom, He
commands you t o perform Jihad and t o fight .
Allah t hen ment ions t he various consequences of performing Jihad against t he disbelievers. For
inst ance, Allah said,
びゅ⇔プ∠ゲデ
∠ ノ∠ ト
∠ ∇ボΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(That He might cut off a part ...) meaning, t o cause a part of a nat ion t o perish,
び∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ

∠ ョあぴ
(of t hose who disbelieve, or expose t hem t o infamy,) by disgracing t hem and forcing t hem t o
ret urn wit h only t heir rage, having failed in t heir aim t o harm you. This is why Allah said next ,
び∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Βプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ら͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or expose t hem t o infamy, so t hat t hey ret ire) t o go back t o t heir land,
びリ
∠ Β͡らも͡ べ∠カぴ
(frust rat ed) wit hout achieving t heir aims.
Allah t hen ment ions a st at ement t hat t est ifies t hat t he decision in t his life and t he Hereaft er is
for Him Alone wit hout part ners,
び∀￢∇ヴ∠セゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision) 3:128
meaning, "The mat t er is all in My Hand.'' Allah also said,
びゆ
⊥ ゅ∠ジエ
͡ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャやマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ
(your dut y is only t o convey (t he Message) and on Us is t he reckoning.) 13:40 , and,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやリ

ｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ やギ∠ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャｚぴ
(Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills.) 2:272 , and,
リ∠ョン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやリ

ｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ろ
∠ ∇らら∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ン͡ギ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι
∠ マ∠ ルｚま͡ぴ
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠
(Verily, you guide not whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills) 28: 56 .
Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision;), means, "No part of t he decision regarding My servant s is yours,
except what I command you.'' Allah t hen ment ions t he rest of t he consequences of Jihad,
び∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゆ
∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(whet her He pardons t hem) concerning t he act s of disbelief t hat t hey commit , t hus delivering
t hem from misguidance t o t he guidance.
び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or punishes t hem;) in t his life and t he Hereaft er because of t heir disbelief and errors,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers), and t hus, t hey deserve such a fat e.
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat , Salim bin ` Abdullah said t hat his fat her said t hat he heard t he
Messenger of Allah saying -- when he raised his head from bowing in t he second unit of t he Faj r
prayer -- "O Allah! Curse so-and-so,'' aft er saying; Sami` Allahu Liman Hamidah, Rabbana wa
lakal-Hamd. Thereaft er, Allah revealed t his Ayah,
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision;) This was also recorded by An-Nasa'i. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat
Salim bin ` Abdullah said t hat his fat her said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
∩∃ュゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ
∠ ∇よゐ
∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャやリ ͡ バ∠ ∇ャやユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャやユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»
ラ
∠ や∠ヲ∇ヘタ
∠ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャやユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩ヱ∃ゲ∇ヨハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇よモ
∠ ∇Βヰ∠ シ
⊥ ∇リバ∠ ∇ャやユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや
«るｚΒョ∠ ぺ⊥ リ ∠ ∇よ
(O Allah! Curse so-and-so. O Allah! Curse Al-Harit h bin Hisham. O Allah! Curse Suhayl bin ` Amr.
O Allah! Curse Safwan bin Umayyah.)
Thereaft er, t his Ayah was revealed;
∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ゆ
∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあバ∠ Α⊥
(Not for you is t he decision; whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardon) t hem or punishes t hem;
verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers) 3:128 .
All t hese persons were pardoned (aft er t hey embraced Islam lat er on).
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat when Allah's Messenger would supplicat e
against or for someone, he would do so when he was finished bowing and saying; Sami` Allahu
Liman Hamidah, Rabbana wa lakal-Hamd. He would t hen say, (t he Qunut )
ュ∃ ゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ
∠ ∇よる∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ギΒ͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ∇よギ∠ Β͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャやア͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»
リ∠ ョ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩∠るバ∠ Β͡よケ∠ ヶ͡よぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇よス ∠ ゅｚΒハ ∠ ヱ∠
∩∠ゲツ∠ ョ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハマ ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠∇デヱ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セやユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
«ブ⊥シヲ⊥Α ヶ͡レジ ͡ ミ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レシ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱ
(O Allah! Save Al-Walid bin Al-Walid, Salamah bin Hisham, ` Ayyash bin Abi Rabi` ah and t he
weak and t he helpless people among t he fait hful believers. O Allah! Be hard on t he t ribe of
Mudar and let t hem suffer from years of famine like t hat of t he t ime of Yusuf. )
He would say t his supplicat ion aloud. He somet imes would supplicat e during t he Dawn prayer,
"O Allah! Curse so-and-so (persons),'' ment ioning some Arab t ribes. Thereaft er, Allah revealed,
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision.)
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Hamid and Thabit said t hat , Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Prophet was
inj ured during t he bat t le of Uhud and said,
«∨∇ユヰ⊥ Βｚら͡ ル∠ やヲぁイセ
∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホウ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ »
(How can a people achieve success aft er having inj ured t heir Prophet )
Thereaft er,
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(Not for you is t he decision,) was revealed.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat , t he Prophet 's front t oot h was broken during t he
bat t le of Uhud and he also sust ained inj uries on his forehead unt il blood dripped on his face.
The Prophet said,
∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ Βあら͡ レ∠ よ͡ や∠グワやヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホウ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ »
«∨ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠ ヴャ͡ま
(How can a people achieve success aft er having done t his t o t heir Prophet who is calling t hem
t o t heir Lord, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored) Allah revealed,
∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ゆ
∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあバ∠ Α⊥
(Not for you is t he decision; whet her He t urns in mercy t o (pardons) t hem or punishes t hem;
verily, t hey are t he wrongdoers.) Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h.
Allah t hen said,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
(And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he Eart h.) 3:129 , everyt hing
is indeed t he propert y of Allah and all are servant s in His Hand.
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョゆ

⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ
(He forgives whom He wills, and punishes whom He wills.) for His is t he decision and none can
resist His decision. Allah is never asked about what He does, while t hey will be asked,
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ゅ∠よゲあャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

ケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ - ラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱる⇔ ヘ∠ バ∠ ⇒∠ツョぁ
メ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚハ ͡ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚや
∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョり∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠
∇れギｚハ ͡ ぺ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやゅ∠ヰッ ⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ る∃ レｚィ ∠ ヱ∠
͡￢へｚゲツｚャや∠ヱ￢͡ へｚゲジｚャやヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱサ ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ͡ハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱナ ∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ Β͡ヨヌ ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱ
∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ ͡ Α⊥
∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠
ゅ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヱぁゲダ ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι ｚま͡ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁャやゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠
リあョり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠
リ
∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚ
びリ ∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャやゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
(130. O you who believe! Do not consume Riba doubled and mult iplied, but fear Allah t hat you
may be successful.) (131. And fear t he Fire, which is prepared for t he disbelievers.) (132. And
obey Allah and t he Messenger t hat you may obt ain mercy.) (133. And march fort h in t he way
(which leads t o) forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he
eart h, prepared for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious).) (134. Those who spend (in Allah's cause) in
prosperit y and in adversit y, who repress anger, and who pardon men; verily, Allah loves t he
Muhsinin (t he good-doers).) (135. And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah
(immoral sin) or wronged t hemselves wit h evil, remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir
sins; and none can forgive sins but Allah, and do not persist in what (wrong) t hey have done,
while t hey know.) (136. For such, t he reward is forgiveness from t heir Lord, and Gardens wit h
rivers flowing underneat h (Paradise), wherein t hey shall abide forever. How excellent is t his
reward for t he doers (of good).)
Interest (Riba) is Prohibited

Allah prohibit s His believing servant s from dealing in Riba and from requiring int erest on t heir
capit al, j ust as t hey used t o do during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. For inst ance, when t he t ime t o
pay a loan comes, t he credit or would say t o t he debt or, "Eit her pay now, or t he loan will incur
int erest .'' If t he debt or asks for deferment of t he loan, t he credit or would require int erest and
t his would occur year aft er year unt il t he lit t le capit al becomes mult iplied many t imes. Allah
also commands His servant s t o have Taqwa of Him so t hat t hey may achieve success in t his life
and t he Hereaft er. Allah also t hreat ens t hem wit h t he Fire and warns t hem against it , saying,
∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚハ
͡ ぺ⊥ ヴ͡わャｚやケ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨェ ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャや
(And fear t he Fire, which is prepared for t he disbelievers. And obey Allah and t he Messenger
t hat you may obt ain mercy.) 3:131,132 .
The Encouragment to Do Good for which Paradise is the Result

Allah encourages His servant s t o perform right eous deeds and t o rush t o accomplish t he act s of
obedience. Allah said,
ゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ る∃ レｚィ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョり∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇れギｚハ
͡ ぺ⊥ チ
⊥ ∇ケΙｘや∠ヱれ ⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャや
(And march fort h in t he way (which leads t o) forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as
wide as t he heavens and t he eart h, prepared for t he Mut t aqin (t he pious)) 3:133 .
Just as t he Fire was prepared for t he disbelievers. It was report ed t hat t he meaning of Allah's
st at ement ,
びチ
⊥ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ぴ
(as wide as t he heavens and t he eart h) draws t he at t ent ion t o t he spaciousness of Paradise. For
inst ance, Allah said in anot her Ayah, while describing t he couches of Paradise,
びベ
∃ ゲ∠ ∇らわ∠ ∇シま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡もべ∠ト∠よぴ
(lined wit h silk brocade) 55:54 , so what about t heir out er covering It was also said t hat
Paradise is as wide as it s lengt h, because it is a dome under t he Throne. The widt h and lengt h
of a dome or a circle are t he same in dist ance. This is support ed by what is found in t he Sahih;
ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩∠サ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャやロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プる∠ ⇒ｚレイ

∠ ∇ャやぶ ∠ やユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ
∠ や∠クま͡»
ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ イｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚイ
∠ ∇ャやテ
⊥シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡る⇒ｚレイ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤ∇ハ∠ぺ
«リ∠ヨ∇ェゲｚャやス⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヘ⊥ ∇ボシ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚイ
∠ ∇ャや
(When you ask Allah for Paradise, ask Him for Al-Firdaws which is t he highest and best part of
Paradise. From it originat e t he rivers of Paradise, and above it is t he Throne of t he Most
Beneficent (Allah).)
This Ayah 3:133 above is similar t o Allah's st at ement in Surat Al-Hadid,
ゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョり∃ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボよ͡ ゅ∠シぴ
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱ￢͡ べ∠ヨジｚャやチ͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠
(Race wit h one anot her in hast ening t owards forgiveness from your Lord (Allah), and Paradise
t he widt h whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he Eart h) 57:21 .
Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat a man came t o t he Messenger of Allah and
asked him, about Allah's st at ement ,
びチ
⊥ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
⊥ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Paradise as wide as t he heavens and t he Eart h) 3:133 ; "Where is t he Fire t hen'' The Prophet
said,
リ
∠ ∇Αほ∠プ∠ ∩∃￢∇ヶセ
∠ ｚモミ⊥ ザ
∠ ら͡ ャ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィや∠クま͡ モ
∠ ∇Βヤｚャやろ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠»
«∨⊥ケゅ∠ヰレｚャや
(When t he night comes, it overt akes everyt hing, so where is t he day) The man said, "Where
Allah want s it t o be.'' The Prophet said,
«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ や￢∠ ゅ∠セゑ
⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやマ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ミヱ∠ »
(Similarly, t he Fire is where Allah want s it t o be.) This Hadit h has t wo possible meanings. First ,
when we do not see t he night during t he day, t his does not mean t hat t he day is not
somewhere else, even t hough we cannot see it . Such is t he case wit h Hell-fire, for it is where
Allah want s it t o be. The second meaning is t hat when t he day overcomes t his part of t he
world, t he night overt akes t he ot her part . Such is t he case wit h Paradise, for it is in t he ut most
height s above t he heavens and under t he Throne. The widt h of Paradise is, as Allah st at ed,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ
ｚャやチ
͡ ∇ゲバ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
(whereof is as t he widt h of t he heaven and t he Eart h) 57:21 .
The Fire, on t he ot her hand, is in t he lowest of lows. Therefore, Paradise being as wide as t he
heavens and Eart h does not cont radict t he fact t hat t he Fire exist s wherever Allah wills it t o
be.
Allah said, while describing t he people of Paradise,
び͡￢へｚゲツ
ｚャや∠ヱ￢͡ へｚゲジ
ｚャやヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ
(Those who spend (in Allah's cause) in prosperit y and in adversit y) 3:134 , in hard t imes and
easy t imes, while act ive (or ent husiast ic) and ot herwise, healt hy or ill, and in all condit ions,
j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,
や６ゲシ
͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱモ
͡ ∇Βャｚゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ レ⊥Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
びる⇔ Β∠ ル͡ Κ
∠ハ∠ ヱ∠
(Those who spend t heir wealt h (in Allah's cause) by night and day, in secret and in public)
2:274 These believers are never dist ract ed from obeying Allah, spending on what pleases
Him, being kind t o His servant s and t heir relat ives, and ot her act s of right eousness. Allah said,
びサ
͡ハ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャやヱ∠ ナ
∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ Β͡ヨヌ
͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(who repress anger, and who pardon men;) 3:134 for when t hey are angry, t hey cont rol t heir
anger and do act upon it . Rat her, t hey even forgive t hose who hurt t hem. Imam Ahmad
recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,
ヵ͡グャｚやギ∠ Α͡ギゼ
ｚャやリ
ｚム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩͡るハ
∠ ゲ∠ ダ
ぁャゅ͡よギ⊥ Α͡ギゼ
ｚャやザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠»
«ょ∠ツピ∠ ∇ャやギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ マ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠
(The st rong person is not he who is able t o physically overcome people. The st rong person is he
who overcomes his rage when he is angry.)
This Hadit h is also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat
∇リョ͡ ぶ ⊥ やロ⊥ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ノ∠ ッ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲジ ͡ ∇バョ⊥ ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ »

ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ り∃ ヲ∠ ∇よゲ∠ よ͡ ∀ラ∇ゴ∠ェる͡ ⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャやモ
∠ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ラ
ｚま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∠ユレｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ウ
͡ ∇Βプ∠
ヶ∠ ホ͡ ヱ⊥ ∇リョ∠ ギ⊥ Β͡バジ
ｚャや∠ヱ .り∃ ヲ∠ ∇ヰジ∠ よ͡ ∀モ∇ヰ∠シケ͡ ゅｚレャやモ
∠ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ラｚま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠
る͡ ハ∠ ∇ゲィ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ ͡ やヴ∠ャま͡ ょぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ハ
∠ ∇ゲィ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠リわ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャや
ほ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ぶ
͡ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヌ ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∀ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠ヰヨ⊥ ͡ヌ∇ム∠Α ナ ∃ ∇Βビ ∠
«ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ヨΑ͡まヮ⊥ プ∠ ∇ヲィ
∠
(He who gives t ime t o a debt or or forgives him, t hen Allah will save him from t he heat of
Jahannam (Hell-fire). Behold! The deeds of Paradise are difficult t o reach, for t hey are on t op
of a hill, while t he deeds of t he Fire are easy t o find in t he lowlands. The happy person is he
who is saved from t he t est s. Verily, t here is no dose of anyt hing bet t er t o Allah t han a dose of
rage t hat t he servant cont rols, and whenever t he servant of Allah cont rols it , he will be
int ernally filled wit h fait h.)
This Hadit h was recorded by Imam Ahmad, it s chain of narrat ion is good, it does not cont ain
any disparraged narrat ors, and t he meaning is good.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Sahl bin Mu` adh bin Anas said t hat his fat her said t hat t he
ロ⊥ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ロ⊥ グ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∀ケ͡キゅ∠ホヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヌ∇Βビ

∠ ユ∠ ヌ
∠ ミ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
ヵあぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Βあガ ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ
∠ ペ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ
∠ ∇ャやサ͡ ヱ⊥ぼケ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハぶ ⊥ や
«￢ゅ∠セケ͡ ヲ⊥エ∇ャや
(Whoever cont rolled rage while able t o act upon it , t hen Allah will call him while all creat ion is
a wit ness, unt il He gives him t he choice of any of t he Huris (fair females wit h wide, lovely eyes
- as mat es for t he pious) he wishes.)
Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h, which At -Tirmidhi said was "Hasan
Gharib''.
Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇リョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ モ
∠ツ
∠ ∇プぺ∠ る∃ ハ
∠ ∇ゲィ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ギ∇ら∠ハネ ∠ ゲｚイ
∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
«ぶやヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ピわ͡ ∇よやゅ∠ヰヨ∠ ヌ
∠ ミ∠ ナ
∃ ∇Βビ∠ る͡ ハ
∠ ∇ゲィ
∠
(There is not a dose of anyt hing t hat t he servant t akes which is bet t er t han a dose of cont rol of
rage t hat he feels, when he does it seeking Allah's Face.) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Maj ah also collect ed
t his Hadit h.
Allah said,
びナ
∠ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ Β͡ヨヌ
͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(who repress anger) meaning, t hey do not sat isf y t heir rage upon people. Rat her, t hey refrain
from harming t hem and await t heir rewards wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah
t hen said,
びサ
͡ハ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡ヘ⇒∠バ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and who pardon men;) They forgive t hose who t reat t hem wit h inj ust ice. Therefore, t hey do
not hold any ill feelings about anyone in t heir heart s, and t his is t he most excellent conduct in
t his regard. This is why Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡レジ
͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(verily, Allah loves t he Muhsinin (t he good-doers)).
This good conduct is a t ype of Ihsan excellence in t he religion . There is a Hadit h t hat reads,
∩∃るホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀メゅ∠ョゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ :リｚヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ユ⊥ ジ
͡ ∇ホぺ⊥ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を»
ぶ
͡ ノ∠ ッ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や６ゴハ
͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヲ∃ ∇ヘバ∠ よ͡ や⇔ギ∇らハ∠ ぶ⊥ やキ∠ や∠コゅ∠ョヱ∠
«ぶやヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠
(I swear regarding t hree mat t ers: no charit y shall ever decrease t he wealt h; whenever one
forgives people, t hen Allah will magnify his honor; and he who is humble for Allah, t hen Allah
will raise his rank.)
Allah said,
∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠
(And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah or wronged t hemselves wit h evil,
remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir sins) 3:135 .
Therefore, if t hey commit an error t hey follow it wit h repent ance and ask forgiveness. Imam
Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ
⊥ ∇らル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆあケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ ∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ
⊥ ケ∠ ラｚま͡»
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ͡ヨハ ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ :モｚィ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ロ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ
れ
⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ∠ ∇ルグｚャやゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よ∠ケヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラｚぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ プ∠
ろ
⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆあケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ
∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡
ラ
ｚぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ :ヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ポ ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⊥ロ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠
∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ∠ ∇ルグｚャやゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケヮ⊥ ャ∠
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆあケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ∠ ｚユを⊥
ラ
ｚぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ :モｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ
∩ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ∠ ∇ルグｚャやゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケヮ⊥ ャ∠
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ろ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ハ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゆあケ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ へゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ モ ∠ ヨ͡ ハ∠ ｚユを⊥
ラ
ｚぺ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ ∠ :モｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャロ⊥ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プ
∇ギホ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇セぺ⊥ ∩͡ヮよ͡ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ∠ ∇ルグｚャやゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ６よケヮ⊥ ャ∠
«￢ゅ∠セゅ∠ョ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヵ͡ギ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ れ ⊥ ∇ゲヘ∠ ビ ∠
(A man once commit t ed an error and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah
said, ` My servant commit t ed an error and knew t hat he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for
t he error. I have forgiven My servant .' The man commit t ed anot her error and said, ` O Lord! I
commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said, ` My servant knew t hat he has a Lord Who
forgives or punishes for t he sin. I have forgiven My servant .' The man commit t ed anot her error
and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said, ` My servant knew t hat he
has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for t he error. I have forgiven my servant .' He t hen
commit t ed anot her error and said, ` O Lord! I commit t ed an error, so forgive me.' Allah said,
` My servant knew t hat he has a Lord Who forgives or punishes for t he error. Bear wit ness t hat I
have forgiven My servant , so let him do what ever he likes.') A similar narrat ion was collect ed in
t he Sahih.
` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "I was t old t hat when t he Ayah,
∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ ャ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ∠ ク∠
(And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah or wronged t hemselves wit h evil,
remember Allah and ask forgiveness for t heir sins,) was revealed, Iblis (Shayat an) cried.'' Allah's
st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや Ι
ｚま͡ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁャやゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and none can forgive sins but Allah), means t hat none except Allah forgives sins. t Allah said,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ∇やヱぁゲダ
͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And do not persist in what (wrong) t hey have done, while t hey know), for t hey repent from
t heir error, ret urn t o Allah before deat h, do not insist on error, and if t hey err again, t hey
repent from it . Allah said here,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(while t hey know) Muj ahid and ` Abdullah bin ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr comment ed, "Whoever
repent s, t hen Allah will forgive him.'' Similarly, Allah said,
びロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇リハ
∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲわｚャやモ
⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
(Know t hey not t hat Allah accept s repent ance from His servant s) 9:104 , and,
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ

∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやギ͡ イ
͡ Α∠
(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find
Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 4: 110 and t here are several examples similar t o t his
Ayah.
Next , Allah said aft er t his descript ion,
び∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚリあョり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴィ

∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(For such, t he reward is forgiveness from t heir Lord) 3:136 , as a reward for t hese qualit ies,
ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚリあョり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚぴ

びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘや
(forgiveness from t heir Lord, and Gardens wit h rivers flowing underneat h (Paradise)) carrying
all kinds of drinks,
(wherein t hey shall abide forever) and ever,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャやゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(How excellent is t his reward for t he doers) Allah praises Paradise in t his part of t he Ayah.
チ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ ∀リ∠レシ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ
∀ラゅ∠Β∠よや∠グ⇒∠ワ - リ
∠ Β͡よグあム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやる⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハラ∠ ゅ∠ミブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ
⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プ
びリ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャある∀ ヌ∠ハ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ サ͡ ゅｚレヤあャ
ユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ハΙ
ｘやユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやザｚョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ サ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅヰ∠ ャ⊥ヱ͡ や∠ギル⊥ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑΙ ｘやマ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ
ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョグ∠ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グャｚや
ペ
∠エ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゾ
∠ エあヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや
ユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ
͡ェ ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや
∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ∠ぺモ
͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョれ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやラ ∠ ∇ヲレｚヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠
(137. Many similar ways (and mishaps of life) were faced by nat ions (believers and
disbelievers) t hat have passed away before you, so t ravel t hrough t he eart h, and see what was
t he end of t hose who denied.) (138. This is a plain st at ement for mankind, a guidance and
inst ruct ion for t he Mut t aqin.) (139. So do not become weak, nor be sad, and you will be
t riumphant if you are indeed believers.) (140. If a wound has t ouched you, be sure a similar
wound has t ouched t he ot hers. And so are t he days, t hat We give t o men by t urns, t hat Allah
may know (t est ) t hose who believe, and t hat He may t ake mart yrs from among you. And Allah
likes not t he wrongdoers.) (141. And t hat Allah may t est t hose who believe and dest roy t he
disbelievers.). (142. Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose
of you who performed Jihad and knows (t est s) t hose who are pat ient ) (143. You did indeed
wish for deat h before you met it . Now you have seen it openly wit h your own eyes.)
The Wisdom Behind the Losses Muslims Suffered During Uhud

Allah st at es t o His believing servant s who suffered losses in t he bat t le of Uhud, including
sevent y dead,
び∀リ∠レシ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ
(Many similar ways (and mishaps of life) were faced before you), for t he previous nat ions who
followed t heir Prophet s before you, t hey t oo suffered losses. However, t he good end was
t heirs, and t he ult imat e defeat was for t he disbelievers. This is why Allah said,
る⊥ ら∠ ボ͡ ⇒∠ハラ
∠ ゅ∠ミブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヌ
⊥ ∇ルゅ∠プチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒ͡ジプ∠ ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡よグあム∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(so t ravel t hrough t he eart h, and see what was t he end of t hose who denied). Allah said next ,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤあャ ∀ラゅ∠Β∠よや∠グ⇒∠ワぴ
(This is a plain st at ement for mankind), meaning, t he Qur'an explains t he t rue realit y of t hings
and narrat es how t he previous nat ions suffered by t he hands of t heir enemies.
びる∀ ヌ
∠ハ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And a guidance and inst ruct ion) for t he Qur'an cont ains t he news of t he past , and,
びン⇔ギワ⊥ ぴ
(guidance) for your heart s,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャある⇔ ヌ
∠ハ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and inst ruct ion for t he Mut t aqin) t o discourage commit t ing t he prohibit ed and forbidden
mat t ers. Allah comfort s t he believers by saying,
び∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(So do not become weak), because of what you suffered,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まラ
∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ハΙ
ｘやユ⊥ わ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor be sad, and you will be t riumphant if you are indeed believers), for surely, t he ult imat e
vict ory and t riumph will be yours, O believers.
びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやザ

ｚョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ
∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ
(If a wound has t ouched you, be sure a similar wound has t ouched t he ot hers) 3:140 .
Therefore, t he Ayah says, if you suffered inj uries and some of you were killed, t hen your
enemies also suffered inj uries and fat alit ies.
びサ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ヱ͡ や∠ギル⊥ ュ⊥ ゅｚΑΙ
ｘやマ
∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And so are t he days, t hat We give t o men by t urns) , and at t imes -- out of wisdom -- We allow
t he enemy t o overcome you, alt hough t he final good end will be yours.
び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat Allah may know (t est ) t hose who believe,) meaning, "So t hat We find out who would
be pat ient while fight ing t he enemies,'' according t o Ibn ` Abbas.
び￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョグ∠ ガ
͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat He may t ake mart yrs from among you) t hose who would be killed in Allah's cause and
gladly offer t heir lives seeking His pleasure.
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゾ
∠ エ
あヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ レ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
(And Allah likes not t he wrongdoers. And t hat Allah may t est t hose who believe) 3:140,141 ,
by forgiving t hem t heir sins if t hey have any. Ot herwise, Allah will raise t heir grades according
t o t he losses t hey suffered. Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやペ
∠エ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and dest roy t he disbelievers), for it is t heir conduct t hat if t hey gain t he upper hand, t hey
t ransgress and commit aggression. However, t his conduct only leads t o ult imat e dest ruct ion,
ext erminat ion, perishing and dying out .
Allah t hen said,
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らジ
͡ェ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ
(Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose of you who will
perform Jihad and (also) knows (t est s) t hose who are t he pat ient ) 3:142 .
The Ayah asks, do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout being t est ed wit h warfare and
hardships Allah said in Surat Al-Baqarah,
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやモ
⊥ ん∠ ｚョユ⊥ムゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ
͡ェ
∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
￢⊥ へｚゲツｚャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠シ∇ほら∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇わｚジｚョユ⊥ムヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ ∠
び∇やヲ⊥ャゴ͡ ∇ャコ⊥ ヱ∠
(Or t hink you t hat you will ent er Paradise wit hout such (t rials) as came t o t hose who passed
away before you They were afflict ed wit h severe povert y and ailment s and were so shaken. ..)
2:214 . Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プょ
∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι
∠ ゆ
⊥ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ
(Alif Lam Mim. Do people t hink t hat t hey will be left alone because t hey say: "We believe,'' and
will not be t est ed) 29:1,2 , This is why He said here,
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ͡ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ
͡ェ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ⇒∠ィ
(Do you t hink t hat you will ent er Paradise before Allah knows (t est s) t hose of you who will
perform Jihad and (also) knows (t est s) t hose who are t he pat ient ) 3:142 meaning, you will
not earn Paradise unt il you are t est ed and t hus Allah knows who among you are t he ones who
st ruggle and fight in His cause and are pat ient in t he face of t he enemy. Allah said,
∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ∠ぺモ

͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョれ
∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやラ
∠ ∇ヲレｚヨ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠
(You did indeed wish for deat h (mart yrdom) before you met it . Now you have seen it openly
wit h your own eyes) 3:143 .
The Ayah proclaims, O believers! Before t oday, you wished t hat you could meet t he enemy and
were eager t o fight t hem. What you wished has occurred, so fight t hem and be pat ient .
In t he Two Sahihs it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠るΒ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャやぶ
∠ ややヲ⊥ヤシ∠ ヱ∠ ∩あヱギ⊥ バ∠ ∇ャや￢∠ ゅ∠ボャ͡ や∇ヲレｚヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
ろ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ る∠ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャやラｚぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇ハや∠ヱ ∩やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠
«フヲ⊥Βジぁャやメ ͡ ゅ∠ヤニ
͡
(Do not wish t o encount er t he enemy, and ask Allah for your well-being. However, if you do
encount er t hem, t hen observe pat ience and know t hat Paradise is under t he shade of swords.)
びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(Now you have seen it ): deat h, you saw it when t he swords appeared, t he blades were
sharpened, t he spears crisscrossed and men st ood in lines for bat t le. This part of t he Ayah
cont ains a figure of speech t hat ment ions imagining what can be felt but not seen.
モ⊥シ ⊥ ぁゲャやヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルやモ∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ∠ ゅｚョリ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺ
ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやｚゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α
Ιｚま͡ れ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ィｚぽ∠ ョぁゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶやラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡
ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡
ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホヴｙら͡ ルｚリあョリあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャやン͡ゴ∇イレ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠
モ
͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒよあケ͡
ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ゅ∠レよｚケ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホラ∠ぺ Ι ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャや
ゅ∠レョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあを∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プゅ∠レプ∠ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビや
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎゅ∇⇒プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルやヱ
ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゆ ͡ や∠ヲを∠ リ ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゆ ∠ や∠ヲを∠
びリ ∠ Β͡レジ
͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(144. Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed Messengers have passed away before
him. If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels And he who t urns back on his
heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will reward t he grat eful. ) (145. And no
person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm. And whoever desires a
reward in t he world, We shall give him of it ; and whoever desires a reward in t he Hereaft er,
We shall give him t hereof. And We shall reward t he grat eful.) (146. And many a Prophet fought
and along wit h him many Ribbiyyun. But t hey never lost heart for t hat which befall t hem in
Allah's way, nor did nor t hey weaken nor degrade t hemselves. And Allah loves t he pat ient .)
(147. And t hey said not hing but : "Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and our t ransgressions, est ablish
our feet firmly, and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving folk.'') (148. So Allah gave t hem t he
reward of t his world, and t he excellent reward of t he Hereaft er. And Allah loves t he good-
doers.)
The Rumor that the Prophet was Killed at Uhud

When Muslims suffered defeat in bat t le at Uhud and some of t hem were killed, Shayt an
shout ed, "Muhammad has been killed.'' Ibn Qami'ah went back t o t he idolat ors and claimed, "I
have killed Muhammad.'' Some Muslims believed t his rumor and t hought t hat t he Messenger of
Allah had been killed, claiming t hat t his could happen, for Allah narrat ed t hat t his occurred t o
many Prophet s before. Therefore, t he Muslims' resolve was weakened and t hey did not act ively
part icipat e in bat t le. This is why Allah sent down t o His Messenger His st at ement ,
びモ
⊥シ
⊥ ぁゲャやヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι
ｚま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed Messengers have passed away before
him.) he is t o deliver Allah's Message and may be killed in t he process, j ust as what happened
t o many Prophet s before. Ibn Abi Naj ih said t hat his fat her said t hat a man from t he Muhaj irin
passed by an Ansari man who was bleeding (during Uhud) and said t o him, "O fellow! Did you
know t hat Muhammad was killed'' The Ansari man said, "Even if Muhammad was killed, he has
indeed conveyed t he Message. Therefore, defend your religion.'' The Ayah,
びモ
⊥シ
⊥ ぁゲャやヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
ｚま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger, and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away
before him), was revealed. This st ory was collect ed by Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi in Dala'il
An-Nubuwwah.
Allah said next , while chast ising t hose who became weak,
び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルやモ
∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ
∠ ゅｚョリ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺぴ
(If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels), become disbelievers,
ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやｚゲツ
⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠
(And he who t urns back on his heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will give
reward t o t hose who are grat eful), t hose who obeyed Allah, defended His religion and followed
His Messenger whet her he was alive or dead. The Sahih, Musnad and Sunan collect ions gat hered
various chains of narrat ion st at ing t hat Abu Bakr recit ed t his Ayah when t he Messenger of Allah
died. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat Abu Bakr came riding his horse from his
dwelling in As-Sunh. He dismount ed, ent ered t he Masj id and did not speak t o anyone unt il he
came t o her in her room and went direct ly t o t he Prophet , who was covered wit h a marked
blanket . Abu Bakr uncovered his face, knelt down and kissed him, t hen st art ed weeping and
proclaimed, "My fat her and my mot her be sacrificed for you! Allah will not combine t wo deat hs
on you. You have died t he deat h, which was writ t en for you.''
Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed t hat Abu Bakr t hen came out , while ` Umar was addressing t he people, and
Abu Bakr t old him t o sit down but ` Umar refused, and t he people at t ended t o Abu Bakr and left
` Umar. Abu Bakr said, "To proceed; whoever among you worshipped Muhammad, t hen
Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, Allah is alive and will never die. Allah said,
モ
⊥シ⊥ ぁゲャやヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚま͡ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らヤ∠ボ∠ ルやモ
∠ わ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ∠ ゅｚョリ∇Α͡みプ∠ぺ
ン͡ゴ∇イΒ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやｚゲツ
⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βら∠ ボ͡ ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ょヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α
びリ∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
(Muhammad is no more t han a Messenger and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away
before him. If he dies or is killed, will you t hen t urn back on your heels And he who t urns back
on his heels, not t he least harm will he do t o Allah; and Allah will reward t he grat eful.)''
The narrat or added, "By Allah, it was as if t he people never knew t hat Allah had revealed t his
verse before unt il Abu Bakr recit ed it , and t hen whoever heard it , st art ed recit ing it .'' Sa` id bin
Al-Musayyib said t hat ` Umar said, "By Allah! When I heard Abu Bakr recit e t his Ayah, my feet
could not hold me, and I fell t o t he ground.''
Allah said,
ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶやラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι
ｚま͡ れ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ
∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ
びΚ⇔ィ
ｚぽ∠ ョぁ
(And no person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm.) 3:145
meaning, no one dies except by Allah's decision, aft er he has finished t he t erm t hat Allah has
dest ined for him. This is why Allah said,
びΚ
⇔ィｚぽ∠ ョぁゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぴ
(at an appoint ed t erm) which is similar t o His st at ement s,
Ι
ｚま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ヨ⊥ ハ
⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゾ
⊥ ボ∠ レΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヨｚバ∠ ョぁリ͡ョゲ⊥ ｚヨバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びょ∃ ⇒∠わミ͡ ヴ͡プ
(And no aged man is grant ed a lengt h of life nor is a part cut off from his life, but it is in a
Book) 35:11 , and,
モ
∀ィ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ Κ
⇔ィ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ｚユを⊥ リ
∃ Β͡デリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ン͡グャｚやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ぴ
びロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヴ６ヨジぁョ
(He it is Who has creat ed you from clay, and t hen has decreed a (st at ed) t erm (for you t o die).
And t here is wit h Him anot her det ermined t erm (for you t o be resurrect ed)) 6:2 .
This Ayah 3:145 encourages cowards t o part icipat e in bat t le; for doing so, or avoiding bat t le
neit her decreases, nor increases t he life t erm. Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat , Habib bin Suhban
said t hat a Muslim man, Huj r bin ` Adi, said in a bat t le, "What prevent s you from crossing t his
river (t he Euphrat es) t o t he enemy
ゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ぶやラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ Ι
ｚま͡ れ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ
∃ ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ラ
びΚ⇔ィ
ｚぽ∠ ョぁ
(And no person can ever die except by Allah's leave and at an appoint ed t erm)'' He t hen crossed
t he river riding his horse, and when he did, t he Muslims followed him. When t he enemy saw
t hem, t hey st art ed shout ing, "Diwan (Persian; crazy),'' and t hey ran away.
Allah said next ,
ゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ∇キゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘや
(And whoever desires a reward in t he world, We shall give him of it ; and whoever desires a
reward in t he Hereaft er, We shall give him t hereof).
Therefore, t he Ayah proclaims, whoever works for t he sake of t his life, will only earn what
Allah decides he will earn. However, he will not have a share in t he Hereaft er. Whoever works
for t he sake of t he Hereaft er, Allah will give him a share in t he Hereaft er, along wit h what He
decides for him in t his life. In similar st at ement s, Allah said,
ヮ͡ を͡ ∇ゲェ
∠ ヴ͡プヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ル∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやゐ ∠ ∇ゲェ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョぴ
ヴ͡プヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゐ
∠ ∇ゲェ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョヱ∠
びょ∃ Β͡ダルｚリ͡ョり͡ ゲ∠ カ͡Ιｘや
(Whosoever desires (by his deeds) t he reward of t he Hereaft er, We give him increase in his
reward, and whosoever desires t he reward of t his world (by his deeds), We give him t hereof
(what is decreed for him), and he has no port ion in t he Hereaft er.) 42:20 , and,
￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ

ｚハ∠ る∠ ヤ∠イ
͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミリｚョぴ
ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ョ∇グ∠ョゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ヤ∇ダΑ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ｚユを⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁリ∠ヨャ͡
ゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ∇バシ
∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ヴ∠バシ∠ ヱ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ カ͡Ι
ｘやキ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ケヲ⊥ェ∇ギョｚ
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ム∇ゼョｚユ⊥ヰΒ⊥ ∇バシ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ほプ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠
(Whoever desires t he quick-passing (t ransit ory enj oyment of t his world), We readily grant him
what We will for whom We like. Then, aft erwards, We have appoint ed for him Hell; he will
burn t herein disgraced and despised. And whoever desires t he Hereaft er and st rives for it , wit h
t he necessary effort due for it while he is a believer, t hen such are t he ones whose st riving
shall be appreciat ed) 17:18-19 .
In t his Ayah 3:145 , Allah said,

びリ
∠ Α͡ゲム͡ ⇒ｚゼャやン͡ゴ∇イレ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And We shall reward t he grat eful. ) meaning, We shall award t hem wit h Our favor and mercy
in t his life and t he Hereaft er, according t o t he degree of t heir appreciat ion of Allah and t heir
good deeds.
Allah t hen comfort s t he believers because of what t hey suffered in Uhud,
び∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ
∠ ヲぁΒよあケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ
∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホヴ
ｙら͡ ルｚリあョリあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And many a Prophet fought and along wit h him many Ribbiyyun.)
It was said t hat t his Ayah means t hat many Prophet s and t heir companions were killed in
earlier t imes, as is t he view chosen by Ibn Jarir. It was also said t hat t he Ayah means t hat many
Prophet s wit nessed t heir companions' deat h before t heir eyes. However, Ibn Ishaq ment ioned
anot her explanat ion in his Sirah, saying t hat t his Ayah means, "Many a Prophet was killed, and
he had many companions whose resolve did not weaken aft er t heir Prophet died, and t hey did
not become feeble in t he face of t he enemy. What t hey suffered in Jihad in Allah's cause and
for t he sake of t heir religion did not make t hem lose heart . This is pat ience,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャやぁょエ
(and Allah loves t he pat ient .)'' As-Suhayli agreed wit h t his explanat ion and defended it
vigorously. This view is support ed by Allah saying;
∠ ヲぁΒよあケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ぴ
(And along wit h him many Ribbiyyun).
In his book about t he bat t les, Al-Amawi ment ioned only t his explanat ion for t he Ayah. Sufyan
At h-Thawri report ed t hat , Ibn Mas` ud said t hat ,
∠ ヲぁΒよあケ͡ ぴ
(many Ribbiyyun) means, t housands. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, Al-
Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` and ` At a' Al-Khurasani said t hat t he word Ribbiyyun means,
` large bands'. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mmar said t hat Al-Hasan said t hat ,
∠ ヲぁΒよあケ͡ ぴ
(many Ribbiyyun) means, many scholars. He also said t hat it means pat ient and pious scholars.
ゅ∠ョ∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ
∠
(But t hey never lost heart for t hat which befell t hem in Allah's way, nor did t hey weaken nor
degrade t hemselves.)
Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat ,
び∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ
(nor did t hey weaken), means, aft er t heir Prophet was killed.
び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シやゅョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(nor degrade t hemselves), by revert ing from t he t rue guidance and religion. Rat her, t hey
fought on t he pat h t hat Allah's Prophet fought on unt il t hey met Allah. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
び∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(nor degrade t hemselves) means, nor became humiliat ed, while As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said t hat
it means, t hey did not give in t o t he enemy.
ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲぁΒよあケ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ モ ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホヴｙら͡ ルｚリあョリあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

∇やヲ⊥ヘバ⊥ ッ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ べ∠ヨャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レワ∠ ヱ∠
ラ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲら͡ ⇒ｚダャやぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ムわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ョヱ∠
ゅ∠レプ∠ や∠ゲ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビやゅ∠レよｚケ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホラ∠ぺ Ιｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠∇ヲホ∠
ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲダ ⊥ ルやヱゅ∠レョ∠ や∠ギ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ろらあを∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プ
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや
(And Allah loves t he pat ient . And t hey said not hing but : "Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and our
t ransgressions, est ablish our feet firmly, and give us vict ory over t he disbelieving folk.'')
3:146-147 , and t his was t he st at ement t hat t hey kept repeat ing. Therefore,
びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎゅ∇⇒プ∠ ぴ
(So Allah gave t hem t he reward of t his world) vict ory, t riumph and t he good end,
びり͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘやゆ
͡ や∠ヲを∠ リ
∠ ∇ジェ
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t he excellent reward of t he Hereaf t er) added t o t he gains in t his life,
びリ
∠ Β͡レジ
(And Allah loves t he good-doers).
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ ͡ よ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠わプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠
ゆ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プヴ͡ボ∇ヤレ⊥ シ ∠ -リ ∠ Α͡ゲダ ͡ ⇒ｚレャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠
∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ べヨ∠ よ͡ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
ン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあレ∠ Α⊥
∇ユヰ⊥ ∠ルヲぁジエ ⊥ ∠ゎ ∇クま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや
ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゼ ͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡
リｚョユ⊥ムレ͡ョラ ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠
∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ
∠ ｚユを⊥ り∠ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョユ⊥ムレ͡ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥
モ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥クヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠
ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ビ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠をほ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱギ∃ ェ ∠ぺ
∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プゅ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ ∠ ∇Βム∠ ャあユｙピ∠ よ͡
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
(149. O you who believe! If you obey t hose who disbelieve, t hey will send you back on your
heels, and you will t urn back as losers.) (150. Nay, Allah is your prot ect or, and He is t he best of
helpers.) (151. We shall cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who disbelieve, because t hey
j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah, for which He sent no aut horit y; t heir abode will be t he Fire
and how evil is t he abode of t he wrongdoers.) (152. And Allah did indeed fulfill His promise t o
you when you were killing t hem (your enemy) wit h His permission; unt il Fashilt um and fell t o
disput ing about t he order, and disobeyed aft er He showed you what you love. Among you are
some t hat desire t his world and some t hat desire t he Hereaft er. Then He made you flee from
t hem, t hat He might t est you. But surely, He forgave you, and Allah is Most Gracious t o t he
believers.) (153. (And remember) when you ran away wit hout even cast ing a side glance at
anyone, and t he Messenger was in your rear calling you back. There did Allah give you one
dist ress aft er anot her by way of requit al, t o t each you not t o grieve for t hat which had escaped
you, nor for what st ruck you. And Allah is Well-Aware of all t hat you do.)
The Prohibition of Obeying the Disbelievers; the Cause of Defeat at

Uhud
Allah warns His believing servant s against obeying t he disbelievers and hypocrit es, because
such obedience leads t o ut t er dest ruct ion in t his life and t he Hereaft er. This is why Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠わプ∠
(If you obey t hose who disbelieve, t hey will send you back on your heels, and you will t urn back
(from fait h) as losers) 3:149 .
Allah also commands t he believers t o obey Him, t ake Him as t heir prot ect or, seek His aid and
t rust in Him. Allah said,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲダ
͡ ⇒ｚレャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヲョ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
͡ よ∠ ぴ
(Nay, Allah is your prot ect or, and He is t he best of helpers).
Allah next conveys t he good news t hat He will put fear of t he Muslims, and feelings of
subordinat ion t o t he Muslims in t he heart s of t heir disbelieving enemies, because of t heir Kufr
and Shirk. And Allah has prepared t orment and punishment for t hem in t he Hereaft er. Allah
said,
べ∠ヨよ͡ ょ ∠ ∇ハゲぁャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゆ ͡ ヲヤ⊥ホ⊥ ヴ͡プヴ͡ボ∇ヤレ⊥ シ ∠ぴ
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ
⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあレ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠
びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやン∠ヲ∇んョ∠ ザ ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや
(We shall cast t error int o t he heart s of t hose who disbelieve, because t hey j oined ot hers in
worship wit h Allah, for which He sent no aut horit y; t heir abode will be t he Fire and how evil is
t he abode of t he wrongdoers). In addit ion, t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah
￢͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ギ∀ ェ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥»

∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁャゅ͡よれ ⊥ ∇ゲダ
͡ ル⊥ :ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホ
ヶ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやヶ ∠ ャ͡
ゑ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶぁら͡ レｚャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ
ｚャやろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ユも͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャや
«るｚョゅ∠ハサ ͡ ゅｚレャやヴャ͡まろ ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ タ
ｚゅ∠カヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡ま
(I was given five t hings t hat no ot her Prophet before me was given. I was aided wit h fear t he
dist ance of one mont h, t he eart h was made a Masj id and clean place for me, I was allowed war
boot y, I was given t he Int ercession, and Prophet s used t o be sent t o t heir people, but I was
sent t o all mankind part icularly.)
Allah said,
びロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ

∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah did indeed fulfill His promise t o you) 3:152 ,
in t he beginning of t he day of Uhud,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁジエ
⊥ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
(when you were killing t hem), slaying your enemies,
びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ぴ
(wit h His permission), for He allowed you t o do t hat against t hem,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤゼ
͡ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ
∠ぴ
(unt il when you Fashilt um). Ibn Jurayj said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Fashilt um means, ` lost
courage'.
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βダ
∠ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハゴ∠ ⇒∠レゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and fell t o disput ing about t he order, and disobeyed) such as t he mist ake made by t he
archers,
びラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョぴ
(aft er He showed you what you love), t hat is, vict ory over t he disbelievers,
びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョユ⊥ムレ͡ョぴ

(Among you are some t hat desire t his world) referring t o t hose who sought t o collect t he boot y
when t hey saw t he enemy being defeat ed,
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ
∠ ｚユを⊥ り∠ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リｚョユ⊥ムレ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡
(and some t hat desire t he Hereaft er. Then He made you flee from t hem, t hat He might t est
you).
This Ayah means, Allah gave t hem t he upper hand t o t ry and t est you, O believers,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(but surely, He forgave you),
He forgave t he error you commit t ed, because, and Allah knows best , t he idolat ors were many
and well supplied, while Muslims had few men and few supplies.
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "We met t he idolat ors on t hat day (Uhud) and t he
Prophet appoint ed ` Abdullah bin Jubayr as t he commander of t he archers. He inst ruct ed t hem,
` Ret ain your posit ion, and if you see t hat we have defeat ed t hem, do not abandon your
posit ions. If you see t hat t hey defeat ed us, do not rush t o help us.' The disbelievers gave flight
when we met t hem, and we saw t heir women fleeing up t he mount ain while lift ing up t heir
clot hes revealing t heir anklet s and t heir legs. So, t he companions (of ` Abdullah bin Jubayr)
said, ` The boot y, t he boot y!' ` Abdullah bin Jubayr said, ` Allah's Messenger commanded me not
t o allow you t o abandon your posit ion.' They refused t o list en, and when t hey left t heir
posit ion, Muslims were defeat ed and sevent y of t hem were killed. Abu Sufyan shout ed, ` Is
Muhammad present among t hese people' The Prophet said, ` Do not answer him.' Then he
asked, ` Is t he son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) present among t hese people' The Prophet said,
` Do not answer him.' He asked again, ` Is t he son of Al-Khat t ab (` Umar) present among t hese
people As for t hese (men), t hey have been killed, for had t hey been alive, t hey would have
answered me.' ` Umar could not cont rol himself and said (t o Abu Sufyan), ` You lie, O enemy of
Allah! The cause of your misery is st ill present .' Abu Sufyan said, ` O Hubal, be high!' On t hat
t he Prophet said (t o his Companions), ` Answer him back.' They said, ` What shall we say' He
said, ` Say, Allah is Higher and more Sublime.' Abu Sufyan said, ` We have t he (idol) Al-` Uzza,
and you have no ` Uzza.' The Prophet said, ` Answer him back.' They asked, ` What shall we say'
He said, ` Say, Allah is our prot ect or and you have no prot ect or.' Abu Sufyan said, ` Our vict ory
t oday is vengeance for yours in t he bat t le of Badr, and in war (t he vict ory) is always undecided
and is shared in t urns by t he belligerent s. You will find some of your killed men mut ilat ed, but I
did not urge my men t o do so, yet I do not feel sorry for t heir deed.''' Only Al-Bukhari collect ed
t his Hadit h using t his chain of narrat ion. cMuhammad bin Ishaq said t hat , ` Abdullah bin Az-
Zubayr narrat ed t hat Az-Zubayr bin Al-` Awwam said, "By Allah! I saw t he female servant s and
female companions of Hind (Abu Sufyan's wife) when t hey uncovered t heir legs and gave flight .
At t hat t ime, t here was no big or small effort separat ing us from capt uring t hem. However, t he
archers went down t he mount when t he enemy gave flight from t he bat t lefield, seeking t o
collect t he boot y. They uncovered our back lines t o t he horsemen of t he disbelievers, who t ook
t he chance and at t acked us from behind. Then a person shout ed, ` Muhammad has been killed.'
So we pulled back, and t he disbelievers followed us, aft er we had killed t hose who carried
t heir flag, and none of t hem dared t o come close t he flag, unt il t hen.''' Muhammad bin Ishaq
said next , "The flag of t he disbelievers was left on t he ground unt il ` Amrah bint ` Alqamah Al-
Harit hiyyah picked it up and gave it t o t he Quraysh who held it .''
Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ

∠ ∇ユム⊥ プ∠ ゲ∠ タ
∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
(Then He made you flee from t hem, t hat He might t est you) 3:152 .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "My uncle Anas bin An-Nadr was absent from t he
bat t le of Badr. He said, ` I was absent from t he first bat t le t he Prophet fought (against t he
pagans). (By Allah) if Allah gives me a chance t o fight along wit h t he Messenger of Allah, t hen
Allah will see how (bravely) I will fight .' On t he day of Uhud when t he Muslims t urned t heir
backs and fled, he said, ` O Allah! I apologize t o You for what t hese (meaning t he Muslims) have
done, and I denounce what t hese pagans have done.' Then he advanced lift ing his sword, and
when Sa` d bin Mu` adh met him, he said t o him, ` O Sa` d bin Mu` adh! Where are you! Paradise!
I am smelling it s aroma coming from before (Mount ) Uhud,' and he went fort h, fought and was
killed. We found more t han eight y st ab wounds, sword blows or arrow holes on his body, which
was mut ilat ed so badly t hat none except his sist er could recognize him, and she could only do
so by his fingers or by a mole.'' This is t he narrat ion report ed by Al-Bukhari, Muslim also
collect ed a similar narrat ion from Thabit from Anas.
The Defeat that the Muslims Suffered During the Battle of Uhud
Allah said,
びギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ
((And remember) when you (Tus` iduna) ran away dreadfully wit hout cast ing even a side glance
at anyone), and Allah made t he disbelievers leave you aft er you went up t he mount , escaping
your enemy. Al-Hasan and Qat adah said t hat , Tus` iduna, means, ` go up t he mount ain'.
びギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(wit hout even cast ing a side glance at anyone) meaning, you did not glance at anyone else due
t o shock, fear and fright .
び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ

⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he Messenger was in your rear calling you back), for you left him behind you, while he
was calling you t o st op fleeing from t he enemy and t o ret urn and fight .
As-Suddi said, "When t he disbelievers at t acked Muslim lines during t he bat t le of Uhud and
defeat ed t hem, some Muslims ran away t o Al-Madinah, while some of t hem went up Mount
Uhud, t o a rock and st ood on it . On t hat , t he Messenger of Allah kept heralding, ` Come t o me,
O servant s of Allah! Come t o me, O servant s of Allah!' Allah ment ioned t hat t he Muslims went
up t he Mount and t hat t he Prophet called t hem t o come back, and said,
メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ∇ダゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ
び∇ユミ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠
((And remember) when you ran away wit hout even cast ing a side glance at anyone, and t he
Messenger was in your rear calling you back).'' Similar was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Qat adah, Ar-
Rabi` and Ibn Zayd.
The Ansar and Muhajirin Defended the Messenger

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Qays bin Abi Hazim said, "I saw Talhah's hand, it was paralyzed,
because he shielded t he Prophet wit h it .'' meaning on t he day of Uhud. It is recorded in t he
Two Sahihs t hat Abu ` Ut hman An-Nahdi said, "On t hat day (Uhud) during which t he Prophet
fought , only Talhah bin ` Ubaydullah and Sa` d remained wit h t he Prophet .''
Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said, "I heard Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas saying, ` The Messenger of Allah gave
me arrows from his quiver on t he day of Uhud and said, ` Shoot , may I sacrifice my fat her and
mot her for you.''' Al-Bukhari also collect ed t his Hadit h. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat Sa` d bin
Abi Waqqas said, "On t he day of Uhud, I saw t wo men wearing whit e clot hes, one t o t he right of
t he Prophet and one t o his left , who were defending t he Prophet fiercely. I have never seen
t hese men before or aft er t hat day.'' Meaning angels Jibril and Mika'il, peace be upon t hem.
Abu Al-Aswad said t hat , ` Urwah bin Az-Zubayr said, "Ubayy bin Khalaf of Bani Jumah swore in
Makkah t hat he would kill t he Messenger of Allah . When t he Messenger was t old of his vow, he
said, ` Rat her, I shall kill him, Allah willing.' On t he day of Uhud, Ubayy came while wearing
iron shields and proclaiming, ` May I not be saved, if Muhammad is saved.' He t hen headed t o
t he direct ion of t he Messenger of Allah int ending t o kill him, but Mus` ab bin ` Umayr, from Bani
Abd Ad-Dar, int ercept ed him and shielded t he Prophet wit h his body, and Mus` ab bin ` Umayr
was killed. The Messenger of Allah saw Ubayy's neck exposed bet ween t he shields and helmet ,
st abbed him wit h his spear, and Ubayy fell from his horse t o t he ground. However, no blood
spilled from his wound. His people came and carried him away while he was moaning like an
ox. They said t o him, ` Why are you so anxious, it is only a flesh wound' Ubayy ment ioned t o
t hem t he Prophet 's vow, ` Rat her, I shall kill Ubayy', t hen comment ed, ` By He in Whose Hand is
my soul! If what hit me hit s t he people of Dhul-Maj az (a popular pre-Islamic market place), t hey
would all have perished.' He t hen died and went t o t he Fire,
びゲ͡ Β͡バジ
ｚャやょ
͡ ⇒∠エ∇タΙ
６ゅ⇔ボ∇エジ
⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(So, away wit h t he dwellers of t he blazing Fire!) 67:11 .''
This was collect ed by Musa bin ` Uqbah from Az-Zuhri from Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib.
It is recorded in t he Two Sahih t hat when he was asked about t he inj uries t he Messenger
sust ained in Uhud , Sahl bin Sa` d said, "The face of Allah's Messenger was inj ured, his front
t oot h was broken and his helmet was smashed on his head. Therefore, Fat imah, t he daught er
of Allah's Messenger washed off t he blood while ` Ali was pouring wat er on her hand. When
Fat imah saw t hat t he bleeding increased more by t he wat er, she t ook a mat , burnt it , and
placed t he ashes in t he wound of t he Prophet and t he blood st opped oozing out .'' Allah said
next ,
びユｙピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∂ ビ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠をほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(There did Allah give you one dist ress aft er anot her) 3:153 ,
He gave you grief over your grief. Ibn ` Abbas said, ` The first grief was because of t he defeat ,
especially when it was rumored t hat Muhammad was killed. The second grief was when t he
idolat ors went up t he mount and The Messenger of Allah said, ` O Allah! It is not for t hem t o
rise above us.'''
` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf said, "The first dist ress was because of t he defeat and t he second
when a rumor st art ed t hat Muhammad was killed, which t o t hem, was worse t han defeat .'' Ibn
Marduwyah recorded bot h of t hese. Muj ahid and Qat adah said, "The first dist ress was when
t hey heard t hat Muhammad was killed and t he second when t hey suffered casualt ies and
inj ury.'' It has also been report ed t hat Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat it was t he
opposit e order . As-Suddi said t hat t he first dist ress was because of t he vict ory and boot y t hat
t hey missed and t he second because of t he enemy rising above t hem (on t he mount ). Allah
said,
び∇ユム⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠プゅ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ
∠ ∇Βム∠ ャあぴ
(by way of requit al t o t each you not t o grieve for t hat which had escaped you), for t hat you
missed t he boot y and t riumph over your enemy.
び∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor for what st ruck you), of inj ury and fat alit ies, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf, Al-
Hasan, Qat adah and As-Suddi st at ed. Allah said next ,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ

(And Allah is Well-Aware of all t hat you do.) all praise is due t o Him, and t hanks, t here is no
deit y wort hy of worship except Him, t he Most High, Most Honored.
ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ⇔シゅ∠バルぁる⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ユあピ∠ ∇ャやギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺｚユを⊥ ぴ

ラ
∠ ヲぁレヌ ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヨｚワ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョある⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ
リ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レャｚモ∠ワラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲボ⊥ Α∠ る͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャやリｚニ∠ ペあエ ∠ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇Βビ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャヮ⊥ ｚヤミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ ｘやラｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘや
リ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らΑ⊥ Ι∠ ゅｚョユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠
∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャｚモ⊥ホゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘや
∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ィ
͡ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやコ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ャ∠
ヴ͡プゅ∠ョゾ ∠ エあヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ ヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ ∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダぁャやれ ͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ラ
͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャや
び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡
(154. Then aft er t he dist ress, He sent down securit y for you. Slumber overt ook a part y of you,
while anot her part y was t hinking about t hemselves and t hought wrongly of Allah -- t he t hought
of ignorance. They said, "Have we any part in t he affair'' Say: "Indeed t he affair belongs wholly
t o Allah.'' They hide wit hin t hemselves what t hey dare not reveal t o you, saying: "If we had
anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair, none of us would have been killed here.'' Say: "Even if you had
remained in your homes, t hose for whom deat h was decreed would cert ainly have gone fort h t o
t he place of t heir deat h,'' but t hat Allah might t est what is in your breast s; and t o purify t hat
which was in your heart s (sins), and Allah is All-Knower of what is in t he breast s). (155. Those
of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err because
of some of what t hey had earned. But Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem. Surely, Allah is Oft -
Forgiving, Most Forbearing.)
Slumber Overcame the Believers; the Fear that the Hypocrites

Suffered
Allah reminds His servant s of His favor when He sent down on t hem t ranquillit y and slumber
t hat overcame t hem while t hey were carrying t heir weapons and feeling dist ress and grief. In
t his case, slumber is a favor and carries meanings of calmness and safet y. For inst ance, Allah
said in Surat Al-Anfal about t he bat t le of Badr,
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョる⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ サ
∠ ゅ∠バレぁャやユ⊥ ム⊥ Βあゼピ∠ Α⊥ ∇クま͡ぴ
((Remember) when He covered you wit h a slumber as a securit y from Him) 8:11 .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said t hat , Abu Talhah said, "I was among t hose who were
overcome by slumber during t he bat t le of Uhud. My sword fell from my hand several t imes and
I would pick it up, t hen it would fall and I would pick it up again.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his
Hadit h in t he st ories of t he bat t les wit hout a chain of narrat ion, and in t he book of Tafsir wit h
a chain of narrat ors. At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Al-Hakim recorded from Anas t hat Abu Talhah
said, "On t he day of Uhud, I raised my head and looked around and found t hat everyone's head
was nodding from slumber.'' This is t he wording of At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih''. An-
Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h from Anas who said t hat Abu Talhah said, "I was among t hose
who were overcome by slumber.''
The second group ment ioned in t he Ayah were t he hypocrit es who only t hought about
t hemselves, for t hey are t he most cowardly people and t hose least likely t o support t he t rut h,
びる͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャやリ
ｚニ
∠ ペ
あエ∠ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲぁレヌ
⊥ Α∠ ぴ
(and t hought wrongly of Allah - t he t hought of ignorance) 3:154 , for t hey are liars and people
who have doubt s and evil t hought s about Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah said,
ヴ∠ゼ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ⇔シゅ∠バルぁる⇔ レ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ユあピ∠ ∇ャやギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺｚユを⊥ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョある⇔ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ
(Then aft er t he dist ress, He sent down securit y for you. Slumber overt ook a part y of you), t he
people of fait h, cert aint y, firmness and reliance (on Allah) who are cert ain t hat Allah shall give
vict ory t o His Messenger and fulfill his obj ect ive.
び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヨｚワ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デヱ∠ ぴ
(While anot her part y was t hinking about t hemselves), and t hey were not overcome by slumber
because of t heir worry, fright and fear,
びる͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャやリ

ｚニ
∠ ペ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲぁレヌ
⊥ Α∠ ぴ
(and t hought wrongly of Allah --- t he t hought of ignorance).
Similarly, Allah said in anot her st at ement ,
ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱメ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやょ
∠ ヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠Α リｚャラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ
∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠
(Nay, but you t hought t hat t he Messenger and t he believers would never ret urn t o t heir
families) 48:12 .
This group t hought t hat t he idolat ors achieved ult imat e vict ory, when t heir forces t ook t he
upper hand in bat t le, and t hat Islam and it s people would perish. This is t ypical of people of
doubt and hesit at ion, in t he event of a hardship, t hey fall int o such evil t hought s. Allah t hen
described t hem t hat ,
びラ
(t hey said) in t his sit uat ion,
び￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ リ͡ョゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レャｚモ∠ワぴ
("Have we any part in t he affair'') Allah replied,
Ι
∠ ゅｚョユ͡ヰジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャヮ⊥ ｚヤミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョΙ
ｘやラｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
びマ
∠ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らΑ⊥
(Say: "Indeed t he affair belongs wholly t o Allah.'' They hide wit hin t hemselves what t hey dare
not reveal t o you.) wAllah exposed t heir secret s, t hat is,
ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セゲ͡ ∇ョΙ

ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ
びゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ
(saying: "If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair, none of us would have been killed here.'')
alt hough t hey t ried t o conceal t his t hought from t he Messenger of Allah .
Ibn Ishaq recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said t hat Az-Zubayr said, "I was wit h t he
Messenger of Allah when fear int ensified and Allah sent sleep t o us (during t he bat t le of Uhud).
At t hat t ime, every man among us (except t he hypocrit es) was nodding off. By Allah! As if in a
dream, I heard t he words of Mu` at t ib bin Qushayr, ` If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he affair,
none of us would have been killed here.' I memorized t hese words of his, which Allah
ment ioned lat er on,
ゅ∠レ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セゲ͡ ∇ョΙ

ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ
びゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワ
(saying: "If we had anyt hing t o do wit h t he aff air, none of us would have been killed here.)''
Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his Hadit h.
Allah t he Exalt ed said,
ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ょ
∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやコ∠ ゲ∠ ら∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴプ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャｚモ⊥ホぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ バ͡ ィ
͡ ゅ∠ツョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ モ ⊥ ∇わボ∠ ∇ャや
(Say: "Even if you had remained in your homes, t hose for whom deat h was decreed would
cert ainly have gone fort h t o t he place of t heir deat h,'') meaning, t his is Allah's appoint ed
dest iny and a decision t hat will cert ainly come t o pass, and t here is no escaping it . Allah's
st at ement ,
ヴ͡プゅ∠ョゾ
∠ エ
あヨ∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギタ
⊥ ヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヴ
∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇らΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
(t hat Allah might t est what is in your breast s; and t o purify t hat which was in your heart s,)
means, so t hat He t est s you wit h what ever befell you, t o dist inguish good from evil and t he
deeds and st at ement s of t he believers from t hose of t he hypocrit es,
ぁャやれ
͡ や∠グよ͡ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and Allah is All-Knower of what is in t he breast s), and what t he heart s conceal.
Some of the Believers Give Flight on the Day of Uhud

Allah t hen said,
ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ラ
͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ
∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ
び∇やヲ⊥らジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シや
(Those of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err
because of some of what t hey had earned) 3:155 ,
because of some of t heir previous errors. Indeed, some of t he Salaf said, "The reward of t he
good deed includes being direct ed t o anot her good deed t hat follows it , while t he ret ribut ion
of sin includes commit t ing anot her sin t hat follows it .'' Allah t hen said,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(but Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem), t heir giving flight ,
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

ｚぺ∠ぴ
(surely, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing)
He forgives sins, pardons and exonerat es His creat ures. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Shaqiq said,
" ` Abdur-Rahman bin ` Awf met Al-Walid bin ` Uqbah, who said t o him, ` Why did you desert
` Ut hman, t he Leader of t he Fait hful' ` Abdur-Rahman said, ` Tell him t hat I did not run away
during Uhud, remain behind during Badr, nor abandon t he Sunnah of ` Umar.' Al-Walid t old
` Ut hman what ` Abdur-Rahman said. ` Ut hman replied, ` As for his st at ement , ` I did not run
away during Uhud,' how can he blame me for an error t hat Allah has already forgiven. Allah
said,
ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ラ
∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョヂ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ｚャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇シや
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠
(Those of you who t urned back on t he day t he t wo host s met , Shayt an only caused t hem t o err
because of some of what t hey had earned. But Allah, indeed, has forgiven t hem).
As for his st at ement t hat I remained behind from part icipat ing in Badr, I was nursing Ruqayyah,
t he daught er of t he Messenger of Allah , unt il she passed away. The Messenger of Allah gave
me a share in t he boot y of Badr, and whoever get s a share in t he boot y from t he Messenger of
Allah will have part icipat ed in bat t le. As for his st at ement t hat I abandoned t he Sunnah of
` Umar, neit her I nor he are able t o endure it . Go and convey t his answer t o him.'''
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ

∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠
モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョゅ∠ョゅ∠ル∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚン６ゴビ ⊥
ろ
⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ ͡ Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プり⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
モ
͡ Β͡らシ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カる∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョあり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわぁョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ラ
∠ ヱゲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ぶやヴ∠ャΗ ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわぁョぁ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠
び
(156. O you who believe! Be not like t hose who disbelieve and who say t o t heir bret hren when
t hey t ravel t hrough t he eart h or go out t o fight : "If t hey had st ayed wit h us, t hey would not
have died or been killed,'' so t hat Allah may make it a cause of regret in t heir heart s. It is Allah
t hat gives life and causes deat h. And Allah is All-Seer of what you do.) (157. And if you are
killed or die in t he way of Allah, forgiveness and mercy from Allah are far bet t er t han all t hat
t hey amass.) (158. And whet her you die or are killed, verily, unt o Allah you shall be gat hered.)
Prohibiting the Ideas of the Disbeleivers about Death and

Predestination
Allah forbids His believing servant s from t he disbelievers' false creed, seen in t heir st at ement
about t hose who died in bat t le and during t ravel; "Had t hey abandoned t hese t rips, t hey would
not have met t heir demise.'' Allah said,
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠ミ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ
͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠
(O you who believe! Be not like t hose who disbelieve (hypocrit es) and who say t o t heir
bret hren), about t heir dead bret hren,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ッ
∠ や∠クま͡ぴ
(when t hey t ravel t hrough t he eart h) for t he purpose of t rading and ot herwise,
びン６ゴビ
⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or go out t o fight ), part icipat ing in bat t les,
びゅ∠ル∠ギ∇レ͡ハ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャｚぴ

("If t hey had st ayed wit h us,'') in our area,
び∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎゅ∠ョゅ∠ョぴ

("t hey would not have died or been killed,'') t hey would not have died while t raveling or been
killed in bat t le. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プり⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ジェ

∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(so t hat Allah may make it a cause of regret in t heir heart s. ) means, Allah creat es t his evil
t hought in t heir heart s so t hat t heir sadness and t he grief t hey feel for t heir loss would
increase. Allah refut ed t hem by saying,
びろ
⊥ Β͡ヨΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ
͡ Β∇エΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(It is Allah t hat gives life and causes deat h.) for t he creat ion is under Allah's power, and t he
decision is His Alone. No one lives or dies except by Allah's leave, and no one's life is increased
or decreased except by His decree.
び∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah is All-Seer of what you do,) for His knowledge and vision encompasses all His
creat ion and none of t heir affairs ever escapes Him. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ョあり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユわぁョ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カる∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠
(And if you are killed or die in t he way of Allah, forgiveness and mercy from Allah are far
bet t er t han all t hat t hey amass.) 3:157 , indicat ing t hat deat h and mart yrdom in Allah's cause
are a means of earning Allah's mercy, forgiveness and pleasure. This, indeed, is bet t er t han
remaining in t his life wit h it s short lived delight s. Furt hermore, whoever dies or is killed will
ret urn t o Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, and He will reward him if he has done good
deeds, or will punish him for his evil deeds. Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ
∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ぶやヴ∠ャΗ
͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユわぁョぁ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And whet her you die or are killed, verily, unt o Allah you shall be gat hered.) 3:158 .
ゅ⇔ヌ∂ プ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ レ͡ャヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ

∠ ブ ⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プマ ∠ ャ͡∇ヲェ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲぁツ∠ヘ∇ル∠Ι ょ ͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャやナ ∠ Β͡ヤビ
∠
ろ∠ ∇ョゴ∠ ハ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケヱ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ
ラ͡ま - リ ∠ Β͡ヤミあヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ∇モミｚヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠
や∠クリ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ャグ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ビ Κ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ゲダ⊥ レ∠Α
モ͡ ミｚヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョあユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠Α ン͡グャｚや
∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴｙら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
ゅｚョザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モｚビ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠
ザ∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚヰ∠ ィ ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョあテ ∃ ∇ガジ ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠よリ∠ヨミ∠
ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ∇ユワ⊥ - ゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや
ゑ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリｚョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α
ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミラ͡まヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠
びリ ∃ Β͡らョぁモ∃ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ
(159. And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly. And had you been severe and
harsh-heart ed, t hey would have broken away from about you; so pardon t hem, and ask
forgiveness for t hem; and consult t hem in t he af fairs. Then when you have t aken a decision,
put your t rust in Allah, cert ainly, Allah loves t hose who put t heir t rust (in Him).) (160. If Allah
helps you, none can overcome you; and if He forsakes you, who is t here aft er Him t hat can help
you And in Allah (Alone) let believers put t heir t rust .) (161. It is not for any Prophet t o illegally
t ake a part of t he boot y, and whosoever deceives his companions over t he boot y, he shall bring
fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook. Then every person shall be paid in full
what he has earned, and t hey shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly.) (162. Is t hen one who follows
(seeks) t he pleasure of Allah like t he one who draws on himself t he wrat h of Allah His abode is
Hell, and worse indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) (163. They are in varying grades wit h Allah, and
Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do.) (164. Indeed, Allah conferred a great favor on t he believers
when He sent among t hem a Messenger from among t hemselves, recit ing unt o t hem His verses
(t he Qur'an), and purifying t hem, and inst ruct ing t hem (in) t he Book (t he Qur'an) and Al-Hikmah
t he wisdom and t he Sunnah , while before t hat t hey had been in manifest error.)
Among the Qualities of Our Prophet Muhammad are Mercy and

Kindness
Allah addresses His Messenger and reminds him and t he believers of t he favor t hat He has made
his heart and words soft for his Ummah, t hose who follow his command and refrain from what
he prohibit s.
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ
∠ レ͡ャヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ
(And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly) 3:159 . meaning, who would have
made you t his kind, if it was not Allah's mercy for you and t hem. Qat adah said t hat ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ
∠ レ͡ャヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ
(And by t he mercy of Allah, you dealt wit h t hem gent ly) means, "Wit h Allah's mercy you
became t his kind.'' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat t his, indeed, is t he descript ion of t he behavior
t hat Allah sent Muhammad wit h. This Ayah is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,
ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∀ゾΑ͡ゲェ
∠ ∇ユわぁレ͡ ハ
∠
(Verily, t here has come unt o you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him t hat you
should receive any inj ury or difficult y. He is anxious over you (t o be right ly guided, t o repent t o
Allah); for t he believers (he is) full of pit y, kind, and merciful) 9:128 . Allah said next ,
びマ
∠ ャ͡∇ヲェ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲぁツヘ∠ ∇ルΙ
∠ ょ
͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャやナ
∠ Β͡ヤビ
∠ ゅ⇔ヌ
∂ プ∠ ろ
∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And had you been severe and harsh-heart ed, t hey would have broken away from about you;)
The severe person is he who ut t ers harsh words, and,
びょ
͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャやナ
∠ Β͡ヤビ
∠ぴ
(harsh-heart ed) is t he person whose heart is hard. Had t his been t he Prophet 's behavior, "They
would have scat t ered from around you. However, Allah gat hered t hem and made you kind and
soft wit h t hem, so t hat t heir heart s congregat e around you.'' ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat he
read t he descript ion of t he Messenger of Allah in previous Books, "He is not severe, harsh,
obscene in t he market place or dealing evil for evil. Rat her, he forgives and pardons.''
The Order for Consultation and to Abide by it

Allah said,
びゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケヱ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ブ
⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ
(So pardon t hem, and ask (Allah's) forgiveness for t hem; and consult t hem in t he affairs.)
The Messenger of Allah used t o ask his Companions for advice about various mat t ers, t o
comfort t heir heart s, and so t hey act ively implement t he decision t hey reach. For inst ance,
before t he bat t le of Badr, t he Prophet asked his Companions for if Muslims should int ercept t he
caravan (led by Abu Sufyan). They said, "O Messenger of Allah! If you wish t o cross t he sea, we
would follow you in it , and if you march fort h t o Barkul-Ghimad we would march wit h you. We
would never say what t he Children of Israel said t o Musa, ` So go, you and your Lord, and fight
you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.' Rat her, we say march fort h and we shall march fort h wit h
you; and before you, and t o your right and left shall we fight .'' The Prophet also asked t hem for
t heir opinion about where t hey should set up camp at Badr. Al-Mundhir bin ` Amr suggest ed t o
camp close t o t he enemy, for he wished t o acquire mart yrdom.
Concerning t he bat t le of Uhud, t he Messenger asked t he Companions if t hey should fort ify
t hemselves in Al-Madinah or go out t o meet t he enemy, and t he maj orit y of t hem request ed
t hat t hey go out t o meet t he enemy, and he did. He also t ook t heir advice on t he day of
Khandaq (t he Trench) about conduct ing a peace t reat y wit h some of t he t ribes of Al-Ahzab (t he
Confederat es), in ret urn for giving t hem one-t hird of t he fruit s of Al-Madinah. However, Sa` d
bin ` Ubadah and Sa` d bin Mu` adh rej ect ed t his offer and t he Prophet went ahead wit h t heir
advice. The Prophet also asked t hem if t hey should at t ack t he idolat ors on t he Day of
Hudaybiyyah, and Abu Bakr disagreed, saying, "We did not come here t o fight anyone. Rat her,
we came t o perform ` Umrah.'' The Prophet agreed.
On t he day of Ifk, (i.e. t he false accusat ion), t he Messenger of Allah said t o t hem, "O Muslims!
Give me your advice about some men who falsely accused my wife (` A'ishah). By Allah! I never
knew of any evil t o come from my wife. And t hey accused whom They accused he from whom I
only knew right eous conduct , by Allah!'' The Prophet asked ` Ali and Usamah about divorcing
` A'ishah. In summary, t he Prophet used t o t ake his Companions' advice for bat t les and ot her
import ant event s.
Ibn Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said;
«リ∠ヨゎ∠ ∇ぽョ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ゼわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや»

(The one whom advice is sought from is t o be ent rust ed) t This was recorded by Abu Dawud, At -
Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i who graded it Hasan.
Trust in Allah After Taking the Decision

びヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ∇モミｚヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ョゴ∠ ハ
∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(Then when you have t aken a decision, put your t rust in Allah,) means, if you conduct t he
required consult at ion and you t hen make a decision, t rust in Allah over your decision,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヤミあヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ
ｚま͡ぴ
(cert ainly, Allah loves t hose who put t heir t rust (in Him)).
∇ユム⊥ ∇ャグ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ビ Κ

∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ゲダ⊥ レ∠Α ラ͡まぴ
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヱ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョあユ⊥ミゲ⊥ ダ⊥ レ∠Α ン͡グャｚやや∠クリ∠ヨプ∠
びラ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ
͡ ミｚヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠
(If Allah helps you, none can overcome you; and if He forsakes you, who is t here aft er Him t hat
can help you And in Allah (Alone) let believers put t heir t rust ), is similar t o His st at ement t hat
we ment ioned earlier,
びユ͡ Β͡ムエ
∠ ∇ャやゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ Ι
ｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ダｚレャやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And t here is no vict ory except from Allah t he Almight y, t he All-Wise) 3:126 .
Allah next commands t he believers t o t rust in Him,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ
͡ ミｚヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ
(And in Allah (Alone) let believers put t heir t rust ).
Treachery with the Spoils of War was not a Trait of the Prophet
Allah said,
びｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ
ｙら͡ レ∠ ャ͡ ラ
(It is not for any Prophet t o illegally t ake a part of t he boot y,)
Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and Al-Hasan said t hat t he Ayah means, "It is not for a Prophet t o breach
t he t rust .'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat , Ibn ` Abbas said t hat , t his Ayah,
びｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ
(It is not for any Prophet t o illegally t ake a part of t he boot y,) was revealed in connect ion wit h
a red robe t hat was missing from t he spoils of war of Badr. Some people said t hat t he
Messenger of Allah might have t aken it . When t his rumor circulat ed, Allah sent down,
モ
ｚビ
∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ
͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ｚモピ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠
(It is not for any Prophet t o illegally t ake a part of t he boot y, and whosoever is deceit ful wit h
t he boot y, he shall bring fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook.)
This was also recorded by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi, who said "Hasan Gharib''. This Ayah
exonerat es t he Messenger of Allah of all t ypes of deceit and t reachery, be it ret urning what
was ent rust ed wit h him, dividing t he spoils of war, et c.
Allah t hen said,
ぁモミ⊥ ヴｚプヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ｚユを⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ

ｚビ
∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ れ ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョザ∃ ∇ヘル∠
(and whosoever is deceit ful wit h t he boot y, he shall bring fort h on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat
which he t ook. Then every person shall be paid in full what he has earned, and t hey shall not
be dealt wit h unj ust ly.)
This Ayah cont ains a st ern warning and t hreat against Ghulul st ealing from t he boot y , and
t here are also Hadit hs, t hat prohibit such pract ice. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Malik Al-
Ashj a` i said t hat t he Prophet said,
∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ネや∠ケ͡クぶ ͡ やギ∠ ∇レハ͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤピ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヌ

∠ ∇ハぺ∠»
ケ͡ やｚギャやヶ͡プヱぺチ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやヶ͡プリ
͡ ∇Αケ∠ ゅ∠ィリ
͡ ∇Βヤ∠ィ
⊥ ゲｚャやラヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠
や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ハや∠ケク͡ ヮ͡らェ
͡ ゅ∠タナあェ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ギ⊥ ∠ェ∠ぺノ⊥ ト ∠ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠
ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡まリ ∠ Β͡ッケ∠ ぺ∠ ノ͡ ∇らシ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ あヲデ ⊥ ∩⊥ヮバ∠ ト ∠ わ∠ ∇ホや
«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
(The worst Ghulul (i.e. st ealing) wit h Allah is a yard of land, t hat is, when you find t wo
neighbors in a land or home and one of t hem illegally acquires a yard of his neighbor's land.
When he does, he will be t ied wit h it from t he seven eart hs unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.)
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Humayd As-Sa` idi said, "The Prophet appoint ed a man from t he
t ribe of Al-Azd, called Ibn Al-Lut biyyah, t o collect t he Zakah. When he ret urned he said, ` This
(port ion) is for you and t his has been given t o me as a gift .' The Prophet st ood on t he Minbar
and said,
∩∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ や∠グワ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡イΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らル∠ モ

͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャやメ⊥ ゅ∠よゅ∠ョ»
ヮ͡ ョあぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡よぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ヶ͡プザ ∠ ヤ∠ィ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャヵ ∠ ギ͡ ∇ワぺ⊥ や∠グワ∠ ヱ∠
∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ギ∃ ヨｚエ
∠ ョ⊥ ザ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∨ゅ∠ャ ∇ュぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン∠ギ∇ヰΑ⊥ ぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ヌ ⊥ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠
ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ
∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∀￢ゅ∠ビケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡バよ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩͡ヮわ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハる͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
«ゲ∠バ∇Βゎ∠ ∀りゅ∠セ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∀ケや∠ヲカ ⊥ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ボ∠ よ∠
:
«ろ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»

.(What is t he mat t er wit h a man whom we appoint t o collect Zakah, when he ret urns he
said, ` This is for you and t his has been given t o me as a gift .' Why hadn't he st ayed in his
fat her's or mot her's house t o see whet her he would be given present s or not By Him in Whose
Hand my life is, whoever t akes anyt hing from t he resources of t he Zakah (unlawfully), he will
carry it on his neck on t he Day of Resurrect ion; if it be a camel, it will be grunt ing; if a cow, it
will be mooing; and if a sheep, it will be bleat ing. The Prophet t hen raised his hands t ill we
saw t he whit eness of his armpit s, and he said t hrice, ` O Allah! Haven't I conveyed Your
Message.')''
Hisham bin ` Urwah added t hat Abu Humayd said, "I have seen him wit h my eyes and heard him
wit h my ears, and ask Zayd bin Thabit .'' This is recorded in t he Two Sahihs .
In t he book of Ahkam of his Sunan, Abu ` Isa At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Mu` adh bin Jabal said,
"The Messenger of Allah sent me t o Yemen, but when I st art ed on t he j ourney, he sent for me
t o come back and said,
ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ リ
ｚら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∨∠マ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ
⊥ ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠»
«メヲ⊥ヤビ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩ヶ͡ル∇クま͡
(Do you know why I summoned you back Do not t ake anyt hing wit hout my permission, for if you
do, it will be Ghulul.)
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ モ

ｚビ
∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よれ
͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇モヤ⊥∇ピΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and whosoever deceives his companions over t he boot y, he shall bring fort h on t he Day of
Resurrect ion t hat which he t ook).
«マ͡ヤヨ∠ バ∠ ャ͡ ヂ
͡ ∇ョゅ∠プマ
∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲハ
∠ キ∠ や∠グヰ͡ャ»
(This is why I summoned you, so now go and fulfill your mission.)'' At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h
is Hasan Gharib.''
In addit ion, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "The Prophet got up among us and
ment ioned Ghulul and emphasized it s magnit ude. He t hen said,
ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハる͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リｚ Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»

∩ヶ͡レ∇んビ ͡ ぺ∠ ぶ͡ やメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀￢ゅ∠ビケ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡バよ∠
ゅ∠ャ ∩∠マわ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ マ∠ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠
サ∀ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハる͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ￢⊥ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リｚ Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥
∩ヶ͡レ∇んビ ͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∀るヨ∠ エ ∠ ∇ヨェ ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ∠
ゅ∠ャ ∩∠マわ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ マ∠ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠
∀ネゅ∠ホ͡ケヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハる͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡イΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リｚ Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥
ゅ∠ャ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡レ∇んビ ͡ ぺ∠ ぶ͡ やメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ガゎ∠
∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リｚ Β∠ ヘ͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩∠マわ⊥ ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ マ∠ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠
ゅ∠Α :メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠プ ∩∀ろョ͡ ゅ∠タヮ͡ わ͡ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ヴヤ∠ハる͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡イΑ∠
ぶ
͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ マ∠ ャ∠ マ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ :メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡レ∇んビ ͡ ぺ∠ ぶ ͡ やメ ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠
«マ⊥わ∇ピヤ∠∇よぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠
(I will not like t o see anyone among you on t he Day of Resurrect ion, carrying a grunt ing camel
over his neck. Such a man will say, 'O Allah's Messenger! Int ercede on my behalf,' and I will say,
'I can't int ercede for you wit h Allah, for I have conveyed (Allah's Message) t o you.' I will not like
t o see any of you coming on t he Day of Resurrect ion while carrying a neighing horse over his
neck. Such a man will be saying, ` O Allah's Messenger! Int ercede on my behalf,' and I will reply,
'I can't int ercede for you wit h Allah, for I have conveyed (Allah's Message) t o you.' I will not like
t o see any of you coming on t he Day of Resurrect ion while carrying clot hes t hat will be
flut t ering, and t he man will say, 'O Allah's Messenger! Int ercede (wit h Allah) for me, ' and I will
say, 'I can't help you wit h Allah, for I have conveyed (Allah's Message) t o you.' I will not like t o
see any of you coming on t he Day of Resurrect ion while carrying gold and silver on his neck.
This person will say, 'O Allah's Messenger! Int ercede (wit h Allah) for me.' And I will say, 'I can't
help you wit h Allah, for I have conveyed (Allah's Message) t o you.')'' This Hadit h was recorded in
t he Two Sahihs .
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "During t he day (bat t le) of Khaybar,
several Companions of t he Messenger of Allah came t o him and said, ` So-and-so died as a
mart yr, so-and-so died as a mart yr.' When t hey ment ioned a cert ain man t hat died as a mart yr,
り∃ ￢∠ ゅ∠らハ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤｚビ
∠ り∃ キ∠ ∇ゲよ⊥ ヶ͡プケ͡ ゅｚレャやヶ͡プヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあルま͡ ゅｚヤミ∠ »
«
(No. I have seen him in t he Fire because of a robe t hat he st ole (from t he boot y).)
The Messenger of Allah t hen said,
ゅ∠ャヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ :サ
͡ ゅｚレャやヶ͡プキ͡ ゅ∠レプ∠ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クや ∩͡ゆゅｚトガ ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ∇よやゅ∠Α»
«ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやゅｚャま͡ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやモ
⊥カ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠
(O Ibn Al-Khat t ab! Go and announce t o t he people t hat only t he fait hful shall ent er Paradise.)
So I went out and proclaimed t hat none except t he fait hful shall ent er Paradise.'' This was
recorded by Muslim and At -Tirmidhi, who said "Hasan Sahih''.
The Honest and Dishonest are Not Similar

Allah said,
∠ ョあテ
∃ ∇ガジ
∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠よリ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャやザ
∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠
(Is t hen one who follows (seeks) t he pleasure of Allah like t he one who draws on himself t he
wrat h of Allah His abode is Hell, and worse indeed is t hat dest inat ion!) 3:162 ,
This refers t o t hose seeking what pleases Allah by obeying His legislat ion, t hus earning His
pleasure and t remendous rewards, while being saved from His severe t orment . This t ype of
person is not similar t o one who earns Allah's anger, has no means of escaping it and who will
reside in Jahannam on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and what an evil dest inat ion it is.
There are many similar st at ement s in t he Qur'an, such as,
∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ
ぁエ∠ ∇ャやマ
∠ よあケ∠ リ͡ョマ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ヨルｚぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ
びヴ∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥
(Shall he t hen who knows t hat what has been revealed unt o you (O Muhammad ) from your Lord
is t he t rut h be like him who is blind) 13:19 , and,
ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚョｚリ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ホΙ

∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ
∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ
∠ ∇ャやノ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠
(Is he whom We have promised an excellent promise (Paradise) which he will find t rue, like him
whom We have made t o enj oy t he luxuries of t he life of (t his) world) 28:61 .
Allah t hen said,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ

(They are in varying grades wit h Allah, ) 3:163 meaning, t he people of right eousness and t he
people of evil are in grades, as Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Muhammad bin Ishaq said. Abu ` Ubaydah
and Al-Kisa'i said t hat t his Ayah refers t o degrees, meaning t here are various degrees and
dwellings in Paradise, as well as, various degrees and dwellings in t he Fire. In anot her Ayah,
Allah said,
び∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ
∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ろ⇒∠ィ∠ケ∠キモ
ｙム⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(For all t here will be degrees (or ranks) according t o what t hey did) 6:132 . Next , Allah said,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(and Allah is All-Seer of what t hey do), and He will compensat e or punish t hem, and will never
rid t hem of a good deed, or increase t heir evil deeds. Rat her, each will be t reat ed according t o
his deeds.
The Magnificent Blessing in the Advent of Our Prophet Muhammad

Allah t he Most High said:
Ι
⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プゑ
∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ ∠リΒ͡レ͡ョぽ⊥ヨ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ
ｚョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあ
(Indeed Allah conferred a great favor on t he believers when He sent among t hem a Messenger
from among t hemselves,)
Meaning, from t heir own kind, so t hat it is possible for t hem t o speak wit h him, ask him
quest ions, associat e wit h him, and benefit from him. Just as Allah said:
ゅ⇔ィ∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リョあユ⊥ムャ∠ ペ
∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや￢ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レム⊥ ∇ジわ∠ ャあ
(And among His signs is t hat he creat ed for t hem mat es, t hat t hey may find rest in.)
Meaning; of t heir own kind. And Allah said;
∇ユム⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠ヨルｚぺ∠ ヴ

ｚャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇ユム⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョゲ∀ ゼ
∠ よ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
び∀ギ͡ェや∠ヱ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま
(Say: "I am only a man like you. It has been revealed t o me t hat your God is One God'')
18:110 .
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ Ι
ｚま͡ リ
∠ Β͡ヤシ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びベ͡ や∠ヲ∇シΙ ｘやヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠バトｚャや
(And We never sent before you any of t he Messengers but verily, t hey at e food and walked in
t he market s) 25:20 .
∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ͡ェヲぁル Ι

⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ Ι
ｚま͡ マ
∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤシ
びン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠
(And We sent not before you any but men unt o whom We revealed, from among t he people of
t ownships) 12:109 , and,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モシ

⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ザ
͡ ∇ルΗ
͡ や∠ヱリ
あイ
͡ ∇ャやゲ∠ ゼ
∠ ∇バヨ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ
(O you assembly of Jinn and mankind! "Did not t here come t o you Messengers from among
you...'') 6:130 .
Allah's favor is perfect ed when His Messenger t o t he people is from t heir own kind, so t hat t hey
are able t o t alk t o him and inquire about t he meanings of Allah's Word. This is why Allah said,
びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ ぴ
(recit ing unt o t hem His verses) 3:164 , t he Qur'an,
び∇ユヰ͡ Βあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and purifying t hem), commanding t hem t o do right eous works and forbidding t hem from
commit t ing evil. This is how t heir heart s will be purified and cleansed of t he sin and evil t hat
used t o fill t hem when t hey were disbelievers and ignorant .
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ あヤバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and inst ruct ing t hem (in) t he Book and t he Hikmah,) t he Qur'an and t he Sunnah,
びモ
͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(while before t hat t hey had been), before sending t his Prophet , Muhammad ,
びリ
∃ Β͡らョぁモ
∃ ⇒∠ヤッ
∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ぴ
(in manifest error. ) indulging in plain and unequivocal error and ignorance t hat are clear t o
everyone.
∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らタ

∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ゅｚヨャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワヴｚルぺ∠
ラ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ヨイ ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ - ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ヴ∠セ
∇やヲ⊥ボプ∠ ゅ∠ルリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠
∇やヲ⊥バ∠プ∇キやヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠
グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ゎｚ Ι ｚ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わホ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
ヴ͡プザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅｚョユ͡ヰワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
∇モホ⊥ やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハゅデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠バ∠ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ ͡
びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まれ ∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リハ ∠ やヱ⊥￢ケ∠ ∇キゅ∠プ
t (165. (What is t he mat t er wit h you) When a single disast er smit es you, alt hough you smot e
(your enemies) wit h one t wice as great , you say: "From where does t his come t o us'' Say, "It is
from yourselves.'' And Allah has power over all t hings.) (166. And what you suffered on t he day
t he t wo armies met , was by t he leave of Allah, in order t hat He might t est t he believers). (167.
And t hat He might t est t he hypocrit es, it was said t o t hem: "Come, fight in t he way of Allah or
defend yourselves.'' They said: "Had we known t hat fight ing will t ake place, we would cert ainly
have followed you.'' They were t hat day, nearer t o disbelief t han t o fait h, saying wit h t heir
mout hs what was not in t heir heart s. And Allah has full knowledge of what t hey conceal.) (168.
(They are) t he ones who said about t heir killed bret hren while t hey t hemselves sat (at home):
"If only t hey had list ened t o us, t hey would not have been killed.'' Say: "Avert deat h from your
own selves, if you speak t he t rut h.'')
The Reason and Wisdom Behind the Defeat at Uhud

Allah said,
び∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ャヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ

(When a single disast er smit es you), in reference t o when t he Muslims suffered sevent y
fat alit ies during t he bat t le of Uhud,
びゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らタ

∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ
(alt hough you smot e (your enemies) wit h one t wice as great ,) during Badr, when t he Muslims
killed sevent y Mushriks and capt ured sevent y ot hers,
びや∠グ⇒∠ワヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ぴ

(you say: "From where does t his come t o us'') why did t his defeat happen t o us
び∇ユム⊥ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say, "It is from yourselves.'') Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "When
Uhud occurred, a year aft er Badr, Muslims were punished for t aking ransom from t he
disbelievers at Badr in ret urn for releasing t he Mushriks whom t hey capt ured in t hat bat t le .
Thus, t hey suffered t he loss of sevent y fat alit ies and t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah
gave flight and abandoned him. The Messenger suffered a broken t oot h, t he helmet was
smashed on his head and blood flowed ont o his face. Allah t hen revealed,
∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠∇んョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らタ

∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ゅヨｚャ∠ ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ や∠グ⇒∠ワヴｚルぺ∠
(When a single disast er smit es you, alt hough you smot e (your enemies) wit h one t wice as great ,
you say: "From where does t his come t o us'' Say, "It is from yourselves''.), because you t ook t he
ransom.'' Furt hermore, Muhammad bin Ishaq, Ibn Jurayj , Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and As-Suddi said
t hat t he Ayah,
び∇ユム⊥ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say, "It is from yourselves.'') means, because you, t he archers, disobeyed t he Messenger's
command t o not abandon your posit ions.
び∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
ｚま͡ぴ
(And Allah has power over all t hings.) and He does what He wills and decides what He wills,
and t here is none who can resist His decision.
Allah t hen said,
͡ ∇クみ͡ら͡ プ∠ ラ
∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ボわ∠ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And what you suffered on t he day t he t wo armies met , was by t he leave of Allah), for when
you ran away from your enemy, who killed many of you and inj ured many ot hers, all t his
occurred by Allah's will and decree out of His perfect wisdom,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(in order t hat He might t est t he believers.) who were pat ient , firm and were not shaken,
ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボプ∠ ゅ∠ルリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇バら∠ ゎｚ Ι
ｚ Ι
⇔ ゅ∠わホ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇キやヱ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ ∠
(And t hat He might t est t he hypocrit es, it was said t o t hem: "Come, fight in t he way of Allah or
defend yourselves.'' They said: "Had we known t hat fight ing will t ake place, we would cert ainly
have followed you.'') 3:167 ,
This refers t o t he Companions of ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul who went back (t o Al-Madinah)
wit h him before t he bat t le. Some believers followed t hem and encouraged t hem t o come back
and fight , saying,
び∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇キやヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ

(or defend), so t hat t he number of Muslims increases, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin
Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Salih, Al-Hasan and As-Suddi st at ed. Al-Hasan bin Salih said t hat t his
part of t he Ayah means, help by supplicat ing for us, while ot hers said it means, man t he post s.
However, t hey refused, saying,
ｚ Ι
⇔ ゅ∠わホ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ
("Had we known t hat fight ing will t ake place, we would cert ainly have followed you.'') meaning,
according t o Muj ahid, if we knew t hat you would fight t oday, we would j oin you, but we t hink
you will not fight . Allah said,
びリ
͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ
⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ
(They were t hat day, nearer t o disbelief t han t o fait h,)
This Ayah indicat es t hat a person passes t hrough various st ages, somet imes being closer t o Kufr
and somet imes closer t o fait h, as evident by,
びリ
͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゆ
⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぴ
(They were t hat day, nearer t o disbelief t han t o fait h,)
Allah t hen said,
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プザ

∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅｚョユ͡ヰワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ラ
(saying wit h t heir mout hs what was not in t heir heart s.) for t hey ut t er what t hey do not t ruly
believe in, such as,
ｚ Ι
⇔ ゅ∠わホ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ
("Had we known t hat fight ing will t ake place, we would cert ainly have followed you.'')
They knew t hat t here was an army of idolat ors t hat came from a far land raging against t he
Muslims, t o avenge t heir noble men whom t he Muslims killed in Badr. These idolat ors came in
larger numbers t han t he Muslims, so it was clear t hat a bat t le will cert ainly occur. Allah said;
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah has full knowledge of what t hey conceal.)
ゅ∠ョゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠バ∠ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ∠ ∇カΗ

͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ
びやヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥
((They are) t he ones who said about t heir killed bret hren while t hey t hemselves sat (at home):
"If only t hey had list ened t o us, t hey would not have been killed.'') had t hey list ened t o our
advice and not gone out , t hey would not have met t heir demise. Allah said,
∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まれ

∠ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇リハ
∠ やヱ⊥￢ケ∠ ∇キゅ∠プ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
びリ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ
(Say: "Avert deat h from your own selves, if you speak t he t rut h.'') meaning, if st aying at home
saves one from being killed or from deat h, t hen you should not die. However deat h will come
t o you even if you were hiding in fort ified cast les. Therefore, fend deat h off of yourselves, if
you are right .
Muj ahid said t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "This Ayah 3:168 was revealed about ` Abdullah
bin Ubayy bin Salul (t he chief hypocrit e).''
∇モよ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリｚら∠ ジ

∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ヨよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ェゲ͡ プ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ホ∠コ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ
ユ͡ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボエ ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Ι ｚぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ
∠ ∇リョあ
Ι∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥
リ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゥ ⊥ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョメ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱ
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠
∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇カゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ィ∠ ∇ギホ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやラｚま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや
∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プ - モ ⊥ Β͡ミ∠ヲ∇ャやユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま
∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ ∀￢ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ジジ ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャｚモ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡
ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ - ユ∃ Β͡ヌハ ∠ モ ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥クヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡
ラ
͡ ヲ⊥プゅ∠カヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ フ
⊥ あヲガ ∠ Α⊥ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャや
びリ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡ま
(169. Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah. Nay, t hey are alive, wit h
t heir Lord, and t hey have provision.) (170. They rej oice in what Allah has best owed upon t hem
of His bount y and rej oice for t he sake of t hose who have not yet j oined t hem, but are left
behind (not yet mart yred) t hat on t hem no fear shall come, nor shall t hey grieve.) (171. They
rej oice in a grace and a bount y from Allah, and t hat Allah will not wast e t he reward of t he
believers.) (172. Those who answered (t he Call of) Allah and t he Messenger aft er being
wounded; for t hose of t hem who did good deeds and feared Allah, t here is a great reward.)
(173. Those t o whom t he people said, "Verily, t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore,
fear t hem.'' But it (only) increased t hem in fait h, and t hey said: "Allah is Sufficient for us, and
He is t he Best Disposer of affairs.'') (174. So t hey ret urned wit h grace and bount y from Allah.
No harm t ouched t hem; and t hey followed t he pleasure of Allah. And Allah is t he Owner of
great bount y.) (175. It is only Shayt an t hat suggest s t o you t he fear of his friends; so fear t hem
not , but fear Me, if you are indeed believers.)
Virtues of the Martyrs

Allah st at es t hat even t hough t he mart yrs were killed in t his life, t heir souls are alive and
receiving provisions in t he Dwelling of Everlast ing Life. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat
Masruq said, "We asked ` Abdullah about t his Ayah,
∇モよ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ

͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやリｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ホコ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ
(Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah. Nay, t hey are alive, wit h t heir
Lord, and t hey have provision.)
He said, ` We asked t he Messenger of Allah t he same quest ion and he said,
モ
⊥ Α͡キゅ∠レホ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ ∩∃ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ フ ͡ ∇ヲィ ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ェ ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠»
∩∇れ￢∠ ゅ∠セゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚイ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よる∀ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ョ⊥
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ヤ∠デ
ｚゅ∠プ ∩͡モΑ͡キゅ∠レボ∠ ∇ャやマ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ｚユを⊥
ヵｚぺ∠ :やヲャ⊥ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ る⇔ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヤデあや
ゑ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ジル∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡ヰ∠わ∇ゼ∠ル￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩∃れやｚゲョ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ モ
∠ バ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠レ∇ゃセ
͡
∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ゆあケ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∩やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠
マ
∠ ヤ͡Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プモ ∠ わ∠ ∇ボル⊥ ヴわｚェ
∠ ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ ヶ͡プゅ∠レェ ∠ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ ｚキゲ⊥ ゎ∠
∩∀るィ ∠ ゅ∠ェ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ン∠ぺケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ゲｚョ∠
«やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ゎ⊥
(Their souls are inside green birds t hat have lamps, which are hanging below t he Throne (of
Allah), and t hey wander about in Paradise wherever t hey wish. Then t hey ret urn t o t hose
lamps. Allah looks at t hem and says, ` Do you wish for anyt hing' They say, ` What more could we
wish for, while we go wherever we wish in Paradise' Allah asked t hem t his quest ion t hrice, and
when t hey realize t hat He will keep asking t hem unt il t hey give an answer, t hey say, ` O Lord!
We wish t hat our souls be ret urned t o our bodies so t hat we are killed in Your cause again.'
Allah knew t hat t hey did not have any ot her wish, so t hey were left .)''' There are several ot her
similar narrat ions from Anas and Abu Sa` id.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ワゲぁジ
⊥ Α∠ ∩∀ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ぶ ͡ やギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∩⊥れヲ⊥ヨゎ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ぁゲジ
⊥ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ギΒ͡ヰゼｚャやゅｚャま͡ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠
∇リョ͡ ン∠ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨャ͡ ∩ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ り⇔ ゲｚョ∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ
͡ ∇ゲΑ∠
«り∠キゅ∠ヰゼ ∠ ャやモ ͡ ∇ツプ∠
(No soul t hat has a good st anding wit h Allah and dies would wish t o go back t o t he life of t his
world, except for t he mart yr. He would like t o be ret urned t o t his life so t hat he could be
mart yred again, for he t ast es t he honor achieved from mart yrdom.) Muslim collect ed t his
Hadit h
In addit ion, Imam Ahmad recorded t hat , Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇ユヰ⊥ ェ
∠ や∠ヱ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ⊥ やモ ∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ∩∃ギェ⊥ ほ⊥よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ょ
∠ Β͡タぺ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠»
∩͡る⇒ｚレイ∠ ∇ャやケ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ キ⊥ ゲ͡ ゎ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ツカ ⊥ ゲ∃ ∇Βデ ∠ フ ͡ や∠ヲ∇ィぺ∠ ヶ͡プ
ょ
∃ ワ∠ ク∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠レホ∠ ヴャ͡まヵ͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワケ͡ ゅ∠ヨを͡ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ヱ∠
∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ ょ ∠ Β͡デやヱ⊥ギィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡ス∇ゲバ∠ ∇ャやモあニ͡ ヶ͡プ
ゅレ∠ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ ろ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠Α :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ら͡ ヤｚボ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ リ∠ ∇ジェ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠
∩͡キゅ∠ヰイ ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プやヱ⊥ギワ∠ ∇ゴΑ∠ ゅｚヤゃ∠ ャ͡ ∩ゅ∠レャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やノ∠ レ∠ タ
∠ ゅ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α
ゅ∇ル∠ぺ :モｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩͡ゆ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ ∠ やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠
«ユ⊥ム∇レハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ピ⊥ あヤよ∠ ぺ⊥
(When your brot hers were killed in Uhud, Allah placed t heir souls inside green birds t hat t end
t o t he rivers of Paradise and eat from it s fruit s. They t hen ret urn t o golden lamps hanging in
t he shade of t he Throne. When t hey t ast ed t he delight of t heir food, drink and dwelling, t hey
said, ` We wish t hat our brot hers knew what Allah gave us so t hat t hey will not abandon Jihad
or warfare.' Allah said, ` I will convey t he news for you.') Allah revealed t hese and t he following
Ayat ,
∇モよ∠ ゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ

͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ホコ∠ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∀￢ゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺ
(Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah. Nay, t hey are alive, wit h t heir
Lord, and t hey have provision.)
Qat adah, Ar-Rabi` and Ad-Dahhak said t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about t he mart yrs of
Uhud.
Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "The Messenger of Allah looked
at me one day and said, ` O Jabir! Why do I see you sad' I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! My fat her
was mart yred and left behind debt s and children.' He said,
￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅｚャま͡ テ

ぁホ∠ や⇔ギェ
∠ ぺ∠ ぶ
⊥ やユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∨∠ポゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠»
«ゅ⇔ェゅ∠ヘミ͡ ポ∠ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヮｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ゆゅ∠イェ ͡
: :
ヴ∠ャま͡ ｚキケ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ マ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ .マ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ヶ͡レ∇ヤシ ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ»
ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ :モ
ｚィ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ
∠ ゆぁゲｚャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⇔るΒ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠をマ∠ Β͡プモ∠ わ∠ ∇ホほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
:メ
∠ ゅ∠ホ .ラ∠ ヲ⊥バィ ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ゅ∠ャゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ :メ
⊥ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやヶあレョ͡ ペ ∠ ら∠ シ
∠ ∇ギホ∠
«ヶ͡もや∠ケヱ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ヒヤ͡∇よほ∠プ∠ ゆあケ∠ ∇ヵぺ∠
(Should I t ell you t hat Allah never spoke t o anyone except from behind a veil However, He
spoke t o your fat her direct ly. He said, ` Ask Me and I will give you.' He said, ` I ask t hat I am
ret urned t o life so t hat I am killed in Your cause again.' The Lord, Exalt ed He be, said, ` I have
spoken t he word t hat t hey shall not be ret urned back t o it (t his life). ' He said, ` O Lord! Then
convey t he news t o t hose I left behind.') Allah revealed,
びゅ⇔ゎ∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
ｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Think not of t hose as dead who are killed in t he way of Allah...)''
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
る∃ らｚホ⊥ ヶ͡プ ∩͡る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャやゆ

͡ ゅ∠ら͡よゲ∃ ∇ヰル∠ ベ ͡ ケ͡ ゅ∠よヴヤ∠ハ￢⊥ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ
ぁャや»
り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ムよ⊥ る͡ ⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ァ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∩∠￢や∠ゲ∇ツカ ∠
«ゅ６Βゼ
͡ハ∠ ヱ∠
(The mart yrs convene at t he shore of a river close t o t he door of Paradise, in a green t ent ,
where t heir provisions are brought t o t hem from Paradise day and night .)
Ahmad and Ibn Jarir collect ed t his Hadit h, which has a good chain of narrat ion. It appears t hat
t he mart yrs are of different t ypes, some of t hem wander in Paradise, and some remain close t o
t his river by t he door of Paradise. It is also possible t hat t he river is where all t he souls of t he
mart yrs convene and where t hey are provided wit h t heir provision day and night , and Allah
knows best . UImam Ahmad narrat ed a Hadit h t hat cont ains good news for every believer t hat
his soul will be wandering in Paradise, as well, eat ing from it s fruit s, enj oying it s delight s and
happiness and t ast ing t he honor t hat Allah has prepared in it for him. This Hadit h has a unique,
aut hent ic chain of narrat ion t hat includes t hree of t he Four Imams. Imam Ahmad narrat ed t his
Hadit h from Muhammad bin Idris Ash-Shafi` i who narrat ed it from Malik bin Anas Al-Asbuhi,
from Az-Zuhri, from ` Abdur-Rahman bin Ka` b bin Malik t hat his fat her said t hat t he Messenger
of Allah said,
る͡ ⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャやゲ͡ イ
∠セ∠ ヶ͡プペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇バΑ∠ ∀ゲ͡もゅ∠デリ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやる⊥ ヨ∠ ジ
∠ ル∠ »
«ヮ⊥ん∠バ∇ら∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ジ
∠ィ
∠ ヴャ͡まぶ
⊥ やヮ⊥ バ∠ ィ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
(The soul of t he believer becomes a bird t hat feeds on t he t rees of Paradise, unt il Allah sends
him back t o his body when He resurrect s him.)
This Hadit h st at es t hat t he souls of t he believers are in t he shape of a bird in Paradise. As for
t he souls of mart yrs, t hey are inside green birds, like t he st ars t o t he rest of t he believing
souls. We ask Allah t he Most Generous t hat He makes us firm on t he fait h.
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ヨよ͡ リ

∠ Β͡ェゲ͡ プ∠ ぴ
(They rej oice in what Allah has best owed upon t hem) indicat es t hat t he mart yrs who were
killed in Allah's cause are alive wit h Allah, delight ed because of t he bount y and happiness t hey
are enj oying. They are also await ing t heir bret hren, who will die in Allah's cause aft er t hem,
for t hey will be meet ing t hem soon. These mart yrs do not have fear about t he fut ure or sorrow
for what t hey left behind. We ask Allah t o grant us Paradise. The Two Sahihs record from Anas,
t he st ory of t he sevent y Ansar Companions who were murdered at Bir Ma` unah in one night . In
t his Hadit h, Anas report ed t hat t he Prophet used t o supplicat e t o Allah in Qunut in prayer
against t hose who killed t hem. Anas said, "A part of t he Qur'an was revealed about t hem, but
was lat er abrogat ed, ` Convey t o our people t hat we met Allah and He was pleased wit h us and
made us pleased.'''
Allah said next ,
Ι
ｚぺ∠ヱ∠ モ
∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ツΑ⊥
(They rej oice in a grace and a bount y from Allah, and t hat Allah will not wast e t he reward of
t he believers) 3:171 .
Muhammad bin Ishaq comment ed, "They were delight ed and pleased because of Allah's promise
t hat was fulfilled for t hem, and for t he t remendous rewards t hey earned.'' ` Abdur-Rahman bin
Zayd bin Aslam said, "This Ayah encompasses all t he believers, mart yrs and ot herwise. Rarely
does Allah ment ion a bount y and a reward t hat He grant ed t o t he Prophet s, wit hout following
t hat wit h what He has grant ed t he believers aft er t hem.''
The Battle of Hamra' Al-Asad

Allah said,
べ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョメ
͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
びゥ⊥ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠
(Those who answered (t he Call of) Allah and t he Messenger aft er being wounded) 3:172 .
This occurred on t he day of Hamra' Al-Asad. Af t er t he idolat ors defeat ed t he Muslims (at Uhud),
t hey st art ed on t heir way back home, but soon t hey were concerned because t hey did not
finish off t he Muslims in Al-Madinah, so t hey set out t o make t hat bat t le t he final one. When
t he Messenger of Allah got news of t his, he commanded t he Muslims t o march t o meet t he
disbelievers, t o bring fear t o t heir heart s and t o demonst rat e t hat t he Muslims st ill had
st rengt h t o fight . The Prophet only allowed t hose who were present during Uhud t o accompany
him, except for Jabir bin ` Abdullah Al-Ansari, as we will ment ion. The Muslims mobilized, even
t hough t hey were st ill suffering from t heir inj uries, in obedience t o Allah and His Messenger .
Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said, "When t he idolat ors ret urned t owards Makkah
aft er Uhud, t hey said, ` You neit her killed Muhammad nor collect ed female capt ives. Woe t o
you for what you did. Let us go back.' When t he Messenger of Allah heard t his news, he
mobilized t he Muslim forces, and t hey marched unt il t hey reached Hamra Al-Asad. The
idolat ors said, ` Rat her, we will meet next year', and t he Messenger of Allah went back t o Al-
Madinah , and t his was considered a Ghazwah (bat t le). Allah sent down,
べ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョメ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ゥ
⊥ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ
(Those who answered (t he Call of) Allah and t he Messenger aft er being wounded; for t hose of
t hem who did good deeds and feared Allah, t here is a great reward.)
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t o ` Urwah about t he Ayah;
びメ
͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シやリ
(Those who answered (t he Call of) Allah and t he Messenger)
"My nephew! Your fat hers Az-Zubayr and Abu Bakr were among t hem. Aft er t he Prophet
suffered t he calamit y at Uhud and t he idolat ors went back, he feared t hat t he idolat ors might
t ry t o come back and he said, ` Who would follow t hem' Sevent y men, including Az-Zubayr and
Abu Bakr, volunt eered.'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari alone.
As for Allah's st at ement ,

∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ィ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやラ
ｚま͡ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ キ∠ や∠ゴプ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ
∠ ∇カゅ∠プ
(Those unt o whom t he people said, "Verily, t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore,
fear t hem.'' But it (only) increased t hem in fait h) 3:173 , it means, t hose who t hreat ened t he
people, saying t hat t he disbelievers have amassed against t hem, in order t o inst ill fear in t hem,
but t his did not worry t hem, rat her, t hey t rust ed in Allah and sought His help,
びモ
⊥ Β͡ミ∠ヲ∇ャやユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hey said: "Allah is Sufficient for us, and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs.'')
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,
びモ
⊥ Β͡ミ∠ヲ∇ャやユ∠ ∇バル͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ
∠ぴ
("Allah Alone is Sufficient for us and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs for us.'')
"Ibrahim said it when he was t hrown in fire. Muhammad said it when t he people said, ` Verily,
t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore, fear t hem.' But it only increased t hem in
fait h, and t hey said, ` Allah is Sufficient for us and He is t he Best Disposer of affairs for us.'''
Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Prophet was t old on t he day
of Uhud, "Verily, t he people have gat hered against you, t herefore, fear t hem.'' Thereaft er,
Allah sent down t his Ayah 3:173 .
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ジジ
∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャｚモ
∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ
び∀￢ヲ⊥シ
(So t hey ret urned wit h grace and bount y from Allah. No harm t ouched t hem;) for when t hey
relied on Allah, Allah t ook care of t heir worries, He confounded t he plot s of t heir enemies, and
t he Muslims ret urned t o t heir land,
び∀￢ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ジジ

∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャｚモ
∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ぴ
(wit h grace and bount y from Allah. No harm t ouched t hem;) safe from t he wicked plot s of t heir
enemies,
びユ∃ Β͡ヌハ
∠ モ
∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ⊥クヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ∇やヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(and t hey followed t he pleasure of Allah. And Allah is t he Owner of great bount y.)
Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,
びモ
∠ ョある∃ ヨ∠ ∇バレ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ルゅ∠プぴ
(So t hey ret urned wit h grace and bount y from Allah,) "The ` Grace' was t hat t hey were saved.
The ` Bount y' was t hat a caravan passed by, and t hose days were Haj j season days. Thus t he
Messenger of Allah bought and sold and made a profit , which he divided bet ween his
Companions.''
Allah t hen said,
びロ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ フ
⊥ あヲガ
∠ Α⊥ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
(It is only Shayt an t hat suggest s t o you t he fear of his friends,) 3:175 meaning, Shayt an
t hreat ens you wit h his friends and t ries t o pret end t hey are powerful and fearsome. Allah said
next ,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まラ
͡ ヲ⊥プゅ∠カヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(so fear t hem not , but fear Me, if you are indeed believers.) meaning, "If Shayt an brings t hese
t hought s t o you, t hen depend on Me and seek refuge wit h Me. Indeed, I shall suffice you and
make you prevail over t hem.'' Similarly, Allah said,
リ͡ョリ
∠ Α͡グャｚゅ͡よマ
∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥プヲあガ
∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇らハ
∠ フ
∃ ゅ∠ムよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
びヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キ
(Is not Allah Sufficient for His servant Yet t hey t ry t o fright en you wit h t hose besides Him!) 39:
36 , unt il,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤミあヲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ
⊥ ⇒ｚミ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヴ
∠ ら͡ ∇ジェ
∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Sufficient for me is Allah; in Him t hose who t rust must put t heir t rust .'') 39:38 . Allah
said,
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ
ｚま͡ リ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャや￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠
(So fight you against t he friends of Shayt an; ever feeble indeed is t he plot of Shayt an.) 4:76
and
リ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやゆ
∠ ∇ゴェ
͡ ラ
ｚま͡ Ι
∠ ぺ∠ リ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやゆ⊥ ∇ゴェ͡ マ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲジ
͡ ⇒∠ガャやユ⊥ ワ⊥
(They are t he part y of Shayt an. Verily, it is t he part y of Shayt an t hat will be t he losers!)
58:19 ,
ン
ｘヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リ
ｚら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ
∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやょ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
び ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ
(Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah
is All-Powerful, All-Might y.) 58:21 and
びロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ
⊥ レ∠Α リ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
ｚゲ∠ ダ
⊥ レ∠Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(Verily, Allah will help t hose who help His (cause).) 22:40 and
び∇ユミ⊥ ∇ゲダ
⊥ レ∠Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ
⊥ レ∠ゎラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
(O you who believe! If you help (in t he cause of) Allah, He will help you) 47:7 , and,
り͡ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱゅ∠レ∠ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ ⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ
∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ⇒ｚヌャやノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι
∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - ギ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇セΙ
ｘやュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
びケ͡ やｚギャや￢⊥ ヲ⊥シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠
(Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe, in t his world's
life and on t he Day when t he wit nesses will st and fort h. The Day when t heir excuses will be of
no profit t o wrongdoers. Theirs will be t he curse, and t heirs will be t he evil abode.) 40:51,52
リ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやマ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

ゅ⇔ヌ∂ェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ｚぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠
リ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやヴ͡プ
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャリ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや
ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ
ｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ
ゅ⇔ヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠
び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハユ⊥ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠
ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミゅｚョぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ょ ͡ Βあト
ｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャやゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ⊥ ケぁリ͡ョヴ͡らわ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやリｚム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヤ͡∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡
∇やヲ⊥ボわｚ ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ
べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ
ｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠プ∠
ゲｘセ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢
ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤガ ͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥ホヲｚト ∠ Β⊥ シ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやゐ ⊥ や∠ゲΒ͡ョ
び ∀ゲΒ͡らカ∠
(176. And let not t hose grieve you who rush wit h hast e t o disbelieve; verily, not t he least harm
will t hey do t o Allah. It is Allah's will t o give t hem no port ion in t he Hereaft er. For t hem t here
is a great t orment .) (177. Verily, t hose who purchase disbelief at t he price of fait h, not t he
least harm will t hey do t o Allah. For t hem, t here is a painful t orment .) (178. And let not t he
disbelievers t hink t hat Our post poning t heir punishment is good for t hem. We post pone t he
punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness. And for t hem is a disgraceful
t orment .) (179. Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He
dist inguishes t he wicked from t he good. Nor will Allah disclose t o you t he secret s of t he
Unseen, but Allah chooses of His Messengers whom He wills. So believe in Allah and His
Messengers. And if you believe and have Taqwa of Allah, t hen for you t here is a great reward.)
(180. And let not t hose who are st ingy wit h t hat which Allah has best owed on t hem of His
bount y t hink t hat it is good for t hem. Nay, it will be worse for t hem; t he t hings t hat t hey were
st ingy wit h shall be t ied t o t heir necks like a collar on t he Day of Resurrect ion. And Allah's is
t he inherit ance of t he heavens and t he eart h; and Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hat you
do.)
Comforting the Messenger of Allah

Allah said t o His Prophet ,
びゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡プラ

∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ リ
∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And let not t hose grieve you who rush wit h hast e t o disbelieve) 3:176 .
Because t he Prophet was eager for people's benefit , he would become sad when t he
disbelievers would resort t o defiance, rebellion and st ubbornness. Allah said, ` Do not be
saddened by t his behavior,'
モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱぁゲツ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ぴ
びり͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘやヴ͡プゅ⇔ヌ
∂ェ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠
(verily, not t he least harm will t hey do t o Allah. It is Allah's will t o give t hem no port ion in t he
Hereaft er.) for He decided wit h His power and wisdom t hat t hey shall not acquire any share in
t he Hereaft er,
び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(For t hem t here is a great t orment .)
Allah said about t he disbelievers,

びリ
͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥ ゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セやリ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t hose who purchase disbelief at t he price of fait h,) by exchanging disbelief for fait h,
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱぁゲツ
⊥ Α∠ リ∠ャぴ
(not t he least harm will t hey do t o Allah.) Rat her, t hey will only harm t hemselves,

(For t hem, t here is a painful t orment .)
Allah said next ,
∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅヨ∠ ルｚぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ

ｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∀ゆや∠グ∠ハユ⊥ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι
び ∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ
(And let not t he disbelievers t hink t hat Our post poning t heir punishment is good for t hem. We
post pone t he punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness. And for t hem is a
disgraceful t orment ) 3:178 .
This st at ement is similar t o Allah's ot her st at ement s,
- リ
∠ Β͡レよ∠ ヱ∠ メ∃ ゅｚョリ͡ョヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ぁギヨ͡ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥らジ ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲバ⊥ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι
ｚモ∠よれ
͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ネ
⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ジル⊥
(Do t hey t hink t hat because We have given t hem abundant wealt h and children, t hat We
hast en unt o t hem wit h good t hings. Nay, but t hey perceive not .) 23:55,56 and
∇ユヰ⊥ ィ
⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ
∠ ゑ
͡ Α͡ギエ
∠ ∇ャやや∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゆ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι
∠ ゑ⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ∇リョあ
(Then leave Me Alone wit h such as belie t his Qur'an. We shall punish t hem gradually from
direct ions t hey perceive not .) 68:44 , and,
ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ

∠ ∇らイ
͡ ∇バゎ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺペ
∠ ワ∠ ∇ゴゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ グあバ∠ Α⊥
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミ
(And let not t heir wealt h or t heir children amaze you. Allah's plan is t o punish t hem wit h t hese
t hings in t his world, and t hat t heir souls shall depart (die) while t hey are disbelievers) 9:85 .
Allah t hen said,
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ
∠ リ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミゅョｚぴ
びょ
͡ Βあト
ｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャやゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠
(Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he
wicked from t he good.) 3:179 , meaning, He allows a calamit y t o happen, and during t his
calamit y His friend becomes known and His enemy exposed, t he pat ient believer recognized
and t he sinful hypocrit e revealed. This Ayah refers t o Uhud, since Allah t est ed t he believers in
t hat bat t le, t hus making known t he fait h, endurance, pat ience, firmness and obedience t o
Allah and His Messenger t hat t he believers had. Allah exposed t he hypocrit es in t heir defiance,
revert ing from Jihad, and t he t reachery t hey commit t ed against Allah and His Messenger . This
is why Allah said,
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ
∠ リ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやケ∠ グ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
びょ
͡ Βあト
ｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゑ ∠ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャやゴ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠
(Allah will not leave t he believers in t he st at e in which you are now, unt il He dist inguishes t he
wicked from t he good.)
Muj ahid comment ed, "He dist inguished bet ween t hem during t he day of Uhud.'' Qat adah said,
"He dist inguished bet ween t hem in Jihad and Hij rah.'' Allah said next ,
びょ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヤ͡∇トΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
(Nor will Allah disclose t o you t he secret s of t he Unseen.) meaning, you do not have access t o
Allah's knowledge of His creat ion so t hat you can dist inguish bet ween t he believer and t he
hypocrit e, except by t he signs of each t ype t hat Allah uncovers. Allah's st at ement ,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヮ͡ ヤ͡シ

⊥ ケぁリ͡ョヴ͡らわ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやリ
ｚム͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(but Allah chooses of His Messengers whom He wills.) is similar t o anot her Ayah,
リ͡ ョ∠ Ι ｚま͡ - や⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇Βビ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゲ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇ヌΑ⊥ Κ∠ プ∠ ょ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠ハぴ
ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョマ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ジΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ メ
∃ ヲ⊥シケｚリ͡ョヴ∠ツゎ∠ ∇ケや
びや⇔ギ∠タケ∠ ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠
((He Alone is) t he All-Knower of t he Unseen, and He reveals t o none His Unseen. Except t o a
Messenger (from mankind) whom He has chosen, and t hen He makes a band of wat ching guards
(angels) t o march before him and behind him.) 72:26,27 . Allah t hen said,
びヮ͡ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ
(So believe in Allah and His Messengers.) Obey Allah and His Messenger and adhere t o t he law
t hat he legislat ed for you,
び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゲ∇ィ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(and if you believe and fear Allah, t hen for you t here is a great reward.)
The Censure of Selfishness, and Warning Against it

Allah said,
リ͡ョヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ

∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚゲｘセ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠
( And let not t hose who are st ingy wit h t hat which Allah has best owed on t hem of His bount y
(wealt h) t hink t hat it is good for t hem. Nay, it will be worse for t hem.) 3:180
Therefore, t he Ayah says t hat t he miser should not t hink t hat collect ing money will benefit
him. Rat her, it will harm him in his religion and worldly affairs. Allah ment ions t he money t hat
t he miser collect ed on t he Day of Resurrect ion,
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤガ

͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥ホヲｚト
∠ Β⊥ シ
∠ぴ
(t he t hings t hat t hey st ingy wit h shall be t ied t o t heir necks like a collar on t he Day of
Resurrect ion.)
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ⇔ハゅ∠イセ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ∠ んあョ⊥ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ゅ∠ミコ∠ あキぽ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョぶ⊥ やロ⊥ ゅ∠ゎへ ∇リョ∠ »

グ⊥ カ
⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ⊥ ｚヲト
∠ Α⊥ ∩͡ラゅ∠わら∠ Β͡よコ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∩∠ネゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠
ゅ∠ル∠ぺ ∩∠マャ⊥ゅ∠ョゅ∠ル∠ぺ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βホ∠ ∇ギゼ
͡ よ͡ ヶ͡レ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ョ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ヰヤ͡よ͡
«ポ⊥ゴ∇レミ∠
(Whoever Allah makes wealt hy and he does not pay t he Zakah due on his wealt h, t hen (on t he
Day of Resurrect ion) his wealt h will be made in t he likeness of a bald-headed poisonous male
snake wit h t wo black spot s over t he eyes. The snake will encircle his neck and bit e his cheeks
and proclaim, ` I am your wealt h, I am your t reasure.')
The Prophet t hen recit ed t he Ayah,
リ͡ョヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べヨ∠ よ͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ

∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚゲｘセ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠
( And let not t hose who are st ingy wit h t hat which Allah has best owed on t hem of His bount y
t hink t hat it is good for t hem. Nay, it will be worse for t hem), unt il t he end. Al-Bukhari, but
not Muslim, collect ed t his Hadit h using t his chain of narrat ion, Ibn Hibban also collect ed it in
his Sahih.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah said t hat t he Prophet said,

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ モ
∠ バ͡ ィ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠ョり∠ ゅ∠ミコ∠ ヵあキぽ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャギ∃ ∇らハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
:メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲぁヘ͡ Α∠ ∩⊥ヮバ⊥ ら∠ ∇わΑ∠ ネ
⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∀ネゅ∠イセ
⊥
«ポ⊥ゴ∇レミ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺ
(Every person who does not pay t he Zakah due on his wealt h, will have his money made int o
t he shape of a bald-headed, poisonous male snake who will follow him. The person will run
away from t he snake, who will follow him and proclaim, ` I am your t reasure.')
` Abdullah t hen recit ed t he Ayah in Allah's Book t hat t est ifies t o t his fact ,
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤガ

͡ よ∠ ゅ∠ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥ホヲｚト
∠ Β⊥ シ
∠ぴ
(t he t hings t hat t hey were st ingy wit h shall be t ied t o t heir necks like a collar on t he Day of
Resurrect ion.)
This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i, and Ibn Maj ah, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan
Sahih.''
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやゐ
⊥ や∠ゲΒ͡ョヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t o Allah belongs t he inherit ance of t he heavens and t he Eart h), means,
びヮ͡ Β͡プリ
∠ Β͡ヘヤ∠∇ガわ∠ ∇ジョぁユ⊥ムヤ∠バ∠ ィ
∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
(and spend of t hat whereof He has made you t rust ees) 57: 7 . Therefore, since all affairs are
under Allah's cont rol, t hen spend from your money so it will benefit you on t he Day of Ret urn,
び∀ゲΒ͡らカ
∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hat you do.) wit h your int ent ions and what your heart s
conceal.
∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ∠ Α͡グャｚやメ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやノ∠ ヨ͡ シ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ
￢∠ ゅ∠Βら͡ ルｘΙやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ョょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムレ∠ シ
∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠
マ∠ ャ͡ク - ペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャやゆ ∠ や∠グハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ヱ∠ ペｙェ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡
びギ͡ Β͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ
∠ よ͡ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡
メ
∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ Ι ｚぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ ∃ ゅ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヴ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥
びリ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡ま
やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィマ
∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゆ ∠ グあミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚミ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
び ͡ゲΒ͡レヨ⊥ ∇ャやょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁャや∠ヱろ͡ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
(181. Indeed, Allah has heard t he st at ement of t hose who say: "Truly, Allah is poor and we are
rich!'' We shall record what t hey have said and t heir killing of t he Prophet s unj ust ly, and We
shall say: "Tast e you t he t orment of t he burning (Fire).'') (182. This is because of t hat which
your hands have sent before you. And cert ainly, Allah is never unj ust t o (His) servant s.) (183.
Those who said: "Verily, Allah has t aken our promise not t o believe in any Messenger unless he
brings t o us an offering which t he fire (from heaven) shall devour. '' Say: "Verily, t here came t o
you Messengers before me, wit h Al-Bayinat and even wit h wit h what you speak of; why t hen did
you kill t hem, if you are t rut hful'') (184. Then if t hey rej ect you, so were Messengers rej ect ed
before you, who came wit h Al-Bayinat and t he Script ures and t he Book of Enlight enment .)
Allah Warns the Idolators

Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When Allah's st at ement ,
ヮ⊥ ヘ∠ ハ
͡ ゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レジ
∠ェ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやチ
⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ボΑ⊥ ン͡グャｚやや∠クリｚョぴ
びり⇔ ゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔プゅ∠バ∇ッぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠
(Who is he t hat will lend t o Allah a goodly loan so t hat He may mult iply it t o him many t imes)
2:245 was revealed, t he Jews said, ` O Muhammad! Has your Lord become poor so t hat He
asks His servant s t o give Him a loan' Allah sent down,
∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ
∠ Α͡グャｚやメ
∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ
び￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ
⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠
(Indeed, Allah has heard t he st at ement of t hose (Jews) who say: "Truly, Allah is poor and we
are rich!'') 3:181 .''
This Hadit h was collect ed by Ibn Marduwyah and Ibn Abi Hat im.
び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ョょ
⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムレ∠ シ
∠ぴ
(We shall record what t hey have said) cont ains a t hreat and a warning t hat Allah followed wit h
His st at ement ,
びペ
ｙェ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルｘΙやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t heir killing of t he Prophet s unj ust ly,)
This is what t hey say about Allah and t his is how t hey t reat His Messengers. Allah will punish
t hem for t hese deeds in t he worst manner,
∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ∠ Α͡グャｚやメ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやノ∠ ヨ͡ シ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ

￢∠ ゅ∠Βら͡ ルｘΙやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ョょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムレ∠ シ
∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠
マ∠ ャ͡ク - ペ ͡ Α͡ゲエ ∠ ∇ャやゆ ∠ や∠グハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥クメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボル∠ ヱ∠ ペｙェ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡
びギ͡ Β͡らバ∠ ∇ヤャあユ∃ ⇒ｚヤヌ
∠ よ͡ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡
(and We shall say: "Tast e you t he t orment of t he burning (Fire).'' This is because of t hat which
your hands have sent before you. And cert ainly, Allah is never unj ust t o (His) servant s.)
They will be addressed like t his as a way of chast ising, crit icism, disgrace and humiliat ion.
Allah said,
メ
∃ ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ リ
∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ギ∠ ヰ͡ ハ
ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
びケ⊥ ゅｚレャやヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ
∃ ゅ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠レΒ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
(Those (Jews) who said: "Verily, Allah has t aken our promise not t o believe in any Messenger
unless he brings t o us an offering which t he fire (from heaven) shall devour.'')
Allah refut ed t heir claim t hat in t heir Books, Allah t ook a covenant from t hem t o only believe
in t he Messenger whose miracles include fire coming down from t he sky t hat consumes t he
charit y offered by a member of t he Messenger's nat ion, as Ibn ` Abbas and Al-Hasan st at ed.
Allah replied,
びろ
͡ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヴ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホリあョ ∀モシ
⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Verily, t here came t o you Messengers before me, wit h Al-Bayinat ...'') wit h proofs and
evidence,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ン͡グャｚゅ͡よヱ∠ ぴ

(and even wit h what you speak of) a fire t hat consumes t he accept ed charit y, as you asked,
び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ぴ

(why t hen did you kill t hem) Why did you meet t hese Prophet s wit h denial, defiance,
st ubbornness and even murder,
びリ
∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒∠タ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まぴ
(if you are t rut hful), if you follow t he t rut h and obey t he Messengers.
Allah t hen comfort s His Prophet Muhammad ,

やヱ⊥￢べ∠ィマ
∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀モシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ゆ ∠ グあミ⊥ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥よグｚミ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
び ͡ゲΒ͡レヨ⊥ ∇ャやょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁャや∠ヱろ͡ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
(Then if t hey rej ect you, so were Messengers rej ect ed before you, who came wit h Al-Baiyyinat
and t he Script ure, and t he Book of Enlight enment .) meaning, do not be sad because t hey deny
you, for you have an example in t he Messengers who came before you. These Messengers were
rej ect ed alt hough t hey brought clear proofs, plain evidence and unequivocal signs,
びゲ͡ よ⊥ ゴぁャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he Zubur), t he divinely revealed Books t hat were sent down t o t he Messengers,
びゲ͡ Β͡レヨ⊥ ∇ャやょ

͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he Book of Enlight enment ) meaning t he clarificat ion and best explanat ion.
∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ラ ∠ ∇ヲプｚヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ヱ∠ れ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやる⊥ ボ∠ も͡ へ∠クザ

∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ
る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやモ
∠カ ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ͡ハ ∠ ゥ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ェコ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠
びケ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι ｚま͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり⊥ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやゅョ∠ヱコ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠
リ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ
∠ ョ͡ リｚバ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プｚラヲ⊥ ヤ∠∇らわ⊥ ャ∠
ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺ
ュ͡ ∇ゴハ
∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クラｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠
び-ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョ∇Ιや
(185. Everyone shall t ast e deat h. And only on t he Day of Resurrect ion shall you be paid your
wages in full. And whoever is moved away from t he Fire and admit t ed t o Paradise, he indeed is
successful. The life of t his world is only t he enj oyment of decept ion.) (186. You shall cert ainly
be t ried and t est ed in your wealt h and propert ies and in yourselves, and you shall cert ainly
hear much t hat will grieve you from t hose who received t he Script ure before you (Jews and
Christ ians) and from t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah; but if you persevere pat ient ly, and
have Taqwa, t hen verily, t hat will be a det ermining fact or in all affairs.)
Every Soul Shall Taste Death
Allah issues a general and encompassing st at ement t hat every living soul shall t ast e deat h. In
anot her st at ement , Allah said,
ヱ⊥クマ
∠ よあケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ
∃ ゅ∠プゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ
びュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ
͡ や∠ヱモ
͡ ⇒∇ヤイ
∠ ∇ャや
(What soever is on it (t he eart h) will perish. And t he Face of your Lord full of maj est y and honor
will remain forever) 55:26,27 .
Therefore, Allah Alone is t he Ever-Living Who never dies, while t he Jinn, mankind and angels,
including t hose who carry Allah's Throne, shall die. The Irresist ible One and Only, will alone
remain for ever and ever, remaining Last , as He was t he First . This Ayah comfort s all creat ion,
since every soul t hat exist s on t he eart h shall die. When t he t erm of t his life comes t o an end
and t he sons of Adam no longer have any new generat ions, and t hus t his world ends, Allah will
command t hat t he Day of Resurrect ion commence. Allah will t hen recompense t he creat ion for
t heir deeds, whet her minor or maj or, many or few, big or small. Surely, Allah will not deal
unj ust ly wit h anyone, even t he weight of an at om, and t his is why He said,
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ラ

∠ ∇ヲプｚヲ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And only on t he Day of Resurrect ion shall you be paid your wages in full) 3:185 .
Who Shall Gain Ultimate Victory

Allah said,
びコ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∠ レｚイ

∠ ∇ャやモ
∠カ
͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ゥ
∠ ゴ͡ ∇ェコ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(And whoever is moved away from t he Fire and admit t ed t o Paradise, he indeed is successful.)
meaning, whoever is kept away from t he Fire, saved from it and ent ered int o Paradise, will
have achieved t he ult imat e success.
Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カる͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プヅ ∃ ∇ヲシ∠ ノ⊥ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ »
« ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ
͡ ∇ラま͡ やヱ⊥ぺゲ∠ ∇ホや ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
(A place in Paradise as small as t hat which is occupied by a whip is bet t er t han t he world and
what ever is on it s surface. Read if you will),
びコ∠ ゅ∠プ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ る∠ レｚイ

∠ ∇ャやモ
∠カ
͡ ∇キぺ⊥ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ゥ
∠ ゴ͡ ∇ェコ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(And whoever is removed away from t he Fire and admit t ed t o Paradise, he indeed is
successful). This was collect ed in t he Two Sahihs, but using anot her chain of narrat ion and
wit hout t he addit ion (t he Ayah.) Abu Hat im Ibn Hibban recorded it in his Sahih wit hout t he
addit ion as did Al-Hakim in his Must adrak.
Allah said,
びケ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι

ｚま͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり⊥ ヲΒ∠ エ
∠ ∇ャやゅョ∠ヱぴ
(The life of t his world is only t he enj oyment of decept ion. ) belit t ling t he value of t his life and
degrading it s import ance. This life is short , lit t le and finit e, j ust as Allah said,
ヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カり⊥ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘや∠ヱ - ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり∠ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥ゲ͡を∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇モよ∠ ぴ
び
(Nay, you prefer t he life of t his world. Alt hough t he Hereaft er is bet t er and more last ing.)
87:16,17 , and,
ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやノ⊥ ⇒∠わヨ∠ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ リあョユ⊥わΒ͡ゎヱ⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びヴ∠ボ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Βカ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ レ∠ Α͡コヱ∠
(And what ever you have been given is an enj oyment of t he life of (t his) world and it s
adornment , and t hat (Hereaft er) which is wit h Allah is bet t er and will remain forever) 28:60 .
A Hadit h st at es,
∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ザ
⊥ ヨ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡ べ∇ャやヶ͡プゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゅ∠ョぶ ͡ や∠ヱ»
«ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ⊥ ィ͡ ∇ゲゎ∠ ユ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲヌ
⊥ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩あユΒ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プヮ⊥ バ∠ ら⊥ ∇タぺ⊥
(By Allah! This life, compared t o t he Hereaft er, is j ust as insignificant as when one of you dips
his finger in t he sea; let him cont emplat e what his finger will come back wit h.)
Qat adah comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,

びケ͡ ヱ⊥ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり⊥ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやゅョ∠ヱぴ
(The life of t his world is only t he enj oyment of decept ion.) "Life is a delight . By Allah, ot her
t han Whom t here is no deit y, it will soon fade away from it s people. Therefore, t ake obedience
t o Allah from t his delight , if you can. Verily, t here is no power except from Allah.''
The Believer is Tested and Hears Grieving Statements from the

Enemy
Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ͡プｚラヲ⊥ ヤ∠∇らわ⊥ ャ∠ぴ
(You shall cert ainly be t ried and t est ed in your wealt h and propert ies and in yourselves), j ust
as He said in anot her Ayah,
ゾ
∃ ∇ボル∠ ヱ∠ ネ
͡ ヲ⊥イ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇フヲ∠ガ∇ャやリ ∠ ョあ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ
∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ムルｚ ∠ヲヤ⊥∇ら∠レ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
びれ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚャや∠ヱザ͡ ヘ⊥ ルｘΙや∠ヱメ
͡ や∠ヲョ∠ Ι
ｘやリ ∠ ョあ
(And cert ainly, We shall t est you wit h somet hing of fear, hunger, loss of wealt h, lives and
fruit s) 2:155 .
Therefore, t he believer shall be t est ed, in his wealt h, himself, his offspring and family. The
believer shall be t est ed according t o t he degree of his fait h, and when his fait h is st ronger, t he
t est is larger.
∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ

∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ リｚバ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやリ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠
(and you shall cert ainly hear much t hat will grieve you from t hose who received t he Script ure
before you (Jews and Christ ians) and from t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah) 3:186 .
Allah said t o t he believers upon t heir arrival at Al-Madinah, before Badr, while comfort ing t hem
against t he harm t hey suffered from t he People of t he Script ures and t he polyt heist s;
びケ͡ ヲ⊥ョΙ
ｙやュ͡ ∇ゴハ
∠ ∇リョ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡クラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(but if you persevere pat ient ly, and have Taqwa, t hen verily, t hat will be a det ermining fact or
in all affairs.)
Therefore, Allah commanded t he believers t o be forgiving, pat ient and forbearing unt il He
brought His await ed aid.
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Usamah bin Zayd said t hat Allah's Messenger rode a donkey wit h a
saddle covered by a velvet sheet and let Usamah ride behind him (on t he donkey). The Prophet
want ed t o visit Sa` d bin ` Ubadah in Bani Al-Harit h bin Al-Khazraj , and t his occurred before t he
bat t le of Badr. The Prophet passed by a gat hering in which ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul was
sit t ing, before ` Abdullah bin Ubayy became Muslim. That gat hering was made up of various
Muslims as well as Mushriks, who worshipped t he idols, and some Jews. ` Abdullah bin Rawahah
was sit t ing in t hat gat hering. When t he Prophet reached ` Abdullah bin Ubayy, t he donkey
caused some sand t o fall on t he group. Then, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy covered his nose wit h his
robe and said, ` Do not fill us wit h sand.' The Messenger of Allah greet ed t he gat hering wit h
Salam, called t hem t o Allah and recit ed some of t he Qur'an t o t hem. ` Abdullah bin Ubayy said,
` O fellow! No ot her speech is bet t er t han what you said, if it was t rue! However, do not bot her
us in our gat herings. Go back t o your place and whoever came t o you, narrat e your st ories t o
him.' ` Abdullah bin Rawahah said, ` Rat her, O Messenger of Allah! At t end our gat herings for we
like t hat .' The Muslims, Mushriks and Jews t hen cursed each ot her, and t hey almost fought wit h
each ot her. The Prophet t ried t o calm t hem down, unt il t hey finally set t led. The Prophet rode
his donkey and went t o Sa` d bin ` Ubadah, saying, ` O Sa` d! Have you heard what Abu Hubbab
said (meaning ` Abdullah bin Ubayy) He said such and such t hings. ' Sa` d said, ` O Messenger of
Allah! Forgive and pardon him. By Allah, Who sent down t he Book t o you, Allah brought us t he
t rut h t hat you came wit h at a t ime when t he people of t his cit y almost appoint ed him king.
When Allah changed all t hat wit h t he t rut h t hat He gave you, he choked on it , and t his is t he
reason behind t he behavior you saw from him.' The Messenger of Allah forgave him. Indeed, t he
Messenger of Allah and his Companions used t o forgive t he Mushriks and t he People of t he
Script ures, j ust as Allah commanded t hem, and t hey used t o t olerat e t he harm t hat t hey
suffered. Allah said,

∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ リｚバ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやリ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠
(and you shall cert ainly hear much t hat will grieve you from t hose who received t he Script ure
before you (Jews and Christ ians) and from t hose who ascribe part ners t o Allah;) 3:186 , and,
ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョユ⊥ムル∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Α∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ

͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ キｚヱ∠ ぴ
ゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ギ͡ ∇レハ
͡ ∇リョあや⇔ギジ ∠ェ ∠ や⇔ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ ∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇ハゅ∠プペぁエ ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ∠ Βｚら∠ ゎ∠
びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠よ͡
(Many of t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians) wish t hat t hey could t urn you away
as disbelievers aft er you have believed, out of envy from t heir own selves, even aft er t he t rut h
has become manifest unt o t hem. But forgive and overlook, t ill Allah brings His command)
2:109 .
The Prophet used t o implement t he pardon t hat Allah commanded him unt il He gave His
command (t o fight t he disbelievers). When t he Messenger fought at Badr, and Allah killed, by
his hand, t he leaders of t he disbelievers from Quraysh, ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul and t he
Mushriks and idol worshippers who were wit h him said, ` This mat t er has prevailed,' and t hey
gave t heir pledge t o t he Prophet and became Muslims.''
Therefore, every person who st ands for t rut h, enj oins right eousness and forbids evil, will be
harmed in some manner. In such cases, t here is no cure bet t er t han being pat ient in Allah's
cause, t rust ing in Him and ret urning t o Him.
ヮ⊥ ｚレレ⊥ あΒら∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ∠ Α͡グャｚやペ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ Κ
⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ
ラ∠ぺラ∠ ヲぁらエ ͡ Α⊥ ヱｚ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ
ｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι
∠ぴ
リ
∠ ョあり∃ コ∠ ゅ∠ヘヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥
び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや
あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやマ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠
(187. (And remember) when Allah t ook a covenant from t hose who were given t he Script ure
(Jews and Christ ians) t o make it (t he t rut h) known and clear t o mankind, and not t o hide it ,
but t hey t hrew it away behind t heir backs, and purchased wit h it some miserable gain! And
indeed worst is t hat which t hey bought .) (188. Think not t hat t hose who rej oice in what t hey
have done (or brought about ), and love t o be praised for what t hey have not done, t hink not
t hat t hey are rescued from t he t orment , and for t hem is a painful t orment .) (189. And t o Allah
belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and Allah has power over all t hings.)
Chastising the People of the Scriptures for Breaking the Covenant

and Hiding the Truth
In t his Ayah, Allah chast ises t he People of t he Script ures, from whom Allah t ook t he covenant
by t he words of t heir Prophet s, t hat t hey would believe in Muhammad and describe him t o t he
people, so t hat t hey would recognize and follow him when Allah sent him. However, t hey hid
t his t rut h and preferred t he t he small amount s and t he mat erial gains inst ead of t he rewards of
t his life and t he Hereaft er t hat t hey were promised. This is a losing deal and a failing t rade,
indeed.
These Ayat also cont ain a warning for t he scholars not t o imit at e t heir behavior, so t hat t hey
do not suffer t he same fat e and become like t hem. Therefore, t he scholars are required t o
spread t he beneficial knowledge t hat t hey have, encouraging t he various right eous good deeds.
They are also warned against hiding any part of t heir knowledge. A Hadit h st at es t hat t he
Prophet said,
る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ユ∠ イ

͡ ∇ャぺ⊥ ∩⊥ヮヨ∠ わ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ
͡ ∇リハ
∠ モ ∠ ゃ͡ シ
⊥ ∇リョ∠ »
«ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ュ∃ ゅ∠イヤ͡よ͡
(Whoever was asked about knowledge t hat he knew but did not disclose it , will be t ied wit h a
bridle made of fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)
Chastising Those Who Love to be Praised for What They Have not
Done
ラ∠ぺラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ Α⊥ ヱｚ ∇や∇ヲゎ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ェゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ Ι∠ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ヨ∇エΑ⊥
(Think not t hat t hose who rej oice in what t hey have done, and love t o be praised for what t hey
have not done), refers t o t hose who show off, rej oice in what t hey do and claim t o do what
t hey have not done. The Two Sahihs recorded t hat t he Prophet said,
ぶ
⊥ やロ⊥ ∇キゴ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ∠ んｚム∠ わ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ る⇔ よ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ミり⇔ ヲ∠ ∇ハキ∠ ヴ∠ハキｚやリ
͡ ョ∠ »
«るｚヤホ͡ ゅｚャま͡
(Whoever issues a false claim t o acquire some t ype of gain, t hen Allah will only grant him
decrease.)
The Sahih also recorded;

«ケヱ⊥コ ∇ヶよ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ザ
͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ∩∠テ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ノ⊥ らあゼ
∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや»
(He who claims t o do what he has not done, is j ust like a person who wears t wo robes made of
falsehood.)
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Marwan t old his guard Rafi` t o go t o Ibn ` Abbas and proclaim t o
him, "If every person among us who rej oices wit h what he has done and loves t o be praised for
what he has not done will be t orment ed, we all will be t orment ed.'' Ibn ` Abbas said, "This Ayah
was revealed about t he People of t he Script ures.'' He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,
ヮ⊥ ｚレレ⊥ あΒら∠ わ⊥ ャ∠ ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ∠ Α͡グャｚやペ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ケヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グら∠ レ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ プ∠ Κ
⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ わ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ
((And remember) when Allah t ook a covenant from t hose who were given t he Script ure (Jews
and Christ ians) t o make it (t he t rut h) known and clear t o mankind, and not t o hide it , but t hey
t hrew it away behind t heir backs, and purchased wit h it some miserable gain! And indeed worst
is t hat which t hey bought .) t hen t he Ayah,
ラ∠ぺラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
have not done)
Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Prophet asked t hem about somet hing, and t hey hid it s knowledge, giving
him an incorrect answer. They part ed aft er showing off and rej oicing in front of him because
t hey answered him, so t hey pret ended, and t hey were delight ed t hat t hey hid t he correct news
about what he had asked t hem.'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-
Nasa'i.
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "During t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah ,
when t he Messenger would go t o bat t le, some hypocrit e men would remain behind and rej oice
because t hey did not accompany t he Prophet in bat t le. When t he Messenger would come back,
t hey would ask him t o excuse t hem swearing t o having some excuse, and want ing t o be praised
for t hat which t hey did not do. So Allah revealed,
ラ∠ぺラ
∠ ヲぁらエ
have not done),''
t o t he end of t he Ayah.'' And Muslim recorded similarly.
Allah said;
びゆ
͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあり∃ コ∠ ゅ∠ヘヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(t hink not t hat t hey are rescued from t he t orment , ) Do not t hink t hat t hey will be saved from
punishment , rat her it will cert ainly st rike t hem. So Allah said;

(and for t hem is a painful t orment .) Allah t hen said,
あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやマ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
(And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and Allah has power over all
t hings.) He is t he Owner of everyt hing, able t o do all t hings and not hing escapes His might .
Therefore, fear Him, never defy Him and beware of His anger and revenge. He is t he Most
Great , none is great er t han Him, and t he Most Able, none is more able t han He is.
モ
͡ ∇Βャｚやブ
͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやペ
͡ ∇ヤカ∠ ヴ͡プラｚま͡ぴ
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや - ょ ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱ
ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ
⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱや⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや
やグ∠ワろ ∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ
∠ ゅ∠ョべ∠レよｚケ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやペ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠
リ∠ョマ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚケ∠ - ケ͡ ゅｚレャやゆ ∠ や∠グハ
∠ ゅ∠レ͡ボ∠プマ
∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ
⊥ Κ
⇔ト ͡ ⇒∠よ
ゲ∃ ⇒∠ダ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αゴ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャやモ ͡カ
͡ ∇ギゎ⊥
∇ラぺ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ン͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ゅ⇔Α͡キゅ∠レョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ べ∠レルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚケｚ -
∇ゲヘあミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プゅ∠レよｚケ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢
ゅ∠ョゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚケ∠ - ケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΙ ｘやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レプｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ
Ι∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゴ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ マ∠ ヤ͡シ⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レゎｚギ∠ハ∠ヱ
びキ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャやブ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ガゎ⊥
(190. Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he Eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and
day, t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding.) (191. Those who remember Allah
st anding, sit t ing, and lying down on t heir sides, and t hink deeply about t he creat ion of t he
heavens and t he eart h, (saying): "Our Lord! You have not creat ed t his wit hout purpose, glory t o
You! Give us salvat ion from t he t orment of t he Fire.) (192. "Our Lord! Verily, whom You admit
t o t he Fire, indeed, You have disgraced him; and never will t he wrongdoers find any helpers.)
(193. "Our Lord! Verily, we have heard t he call of one calling t o fait h: ` Believe in your Lord,'
and we have believed. Our Lord! Forgive us our sins and expiat e from us our evil deeds, and
make us die along wit h Al-Abrar (t he most right eous).) (194. "Our Lord! Grant us what You
promised us t hrough Your Messengers and disgrace us not on t he Day of Resurrect ion, for You
never break (Your) Promise.'')
The Proofs of Tawhid for People of Understanding, their

Characteristics, Speech, and Supplications
Allah said,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやペ
͡ ∇ヤカ
∠ ヴ͡プラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he Eart h,) 3:190 , referring t o t he sky in it s height
and spaciousness, t he eart h in it s expanse and densit y, t he t remendous feat ures t hey have of
rot at ing planet s, seas, mount ains, desert s, t rees, plant s, fruit s, animals, met als and various
beneficial colors, scent s, t ast es and element s.
び͡ケゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱモ
͡ ∇Βヤｚャやブ
͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱぴ
(And in t he alt ernat ion of night and day), as one follows and t akes from t he lengt h of t he
ot her. For inst ance, at t imes one of t hem becomes longer t han t he ot her, short er t han t he
ot her at t imes and equal t o t he ot her at ot her t imes, and t he same is repeat ed again and
again, and all t his occurs by t he decision of t he Almight y, Most Wise. This is why Allah said,
びょ
͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ
∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ
∂ぴ
(t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding), referring t o t he int elligent and sound minds
t hat cont emplat e about t he t rue realit y of t hings, unlike t he deaf and mut e who do not have
sound comprehension. Allah said about t he lat t er t ype,
ラ
∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プる∃ Α∠ や∠￢リあョリあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ
⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
(And how many a sign in t he heavens and t he eart h t hey pass by, while t hey are averse
t herefrom. And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him)
12:105,106 .
Allah t hen describes t hose who have good minds,
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱや⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ
⊥
(Those who remember Allah st anding, sit t ing, and lying down on t heir sides) 3:191 .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said t hat , t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩や⇔ギハ

͡ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∇ノト
͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヨも͡ ゅ∠ホモ
あタ∠ »
«ょ∇レィ ∠ ヴ∠ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ノト
͡ わ∠ ∇ジゎ∠
(Pray while st anding, and if you can't , pray while sit t ing, and if you cannot do even t hat , t hen
pray lying on your side.) These people remember Allah in all sit uat ions, in t heir heart and
speech,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやペ
͡ ∇ヤカ
∠ ヴ͡プラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hink deeply about t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he Eart h), cont emplat ing about signs
in t he sky and eart h t hat t est ify t o t he might , abilit y, knowledge, wisdom, will and mercy of
t he Creat or. Allah crit icizes t hose who do not cont emplat e about His creat ion, which t est ifies
t o His exist ence, At t ribut es, Shari` ah, His decree and Ayat . Allah said,
ラ
∠ ヱぁゲヨ⊥ Α∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プる∃ Α∠ や∠￢リあョリあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ リ
⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョぁ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
(And how many a sign in t he heavens and t he Eart h t hey pass by, while t hey are averse
t herefrom. And most of t hem believe not in Allah except t hat t hey at t ribut e part ners unt o Him)
12:105,106 .
Allah also praises His believing servant s,
∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ
⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ リ
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやペ ͡ ∇ヤカ∠ ヴ͡プラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲムｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠
(Those who remember Allah st anding, sit t ing, and lying down on t heir sides, and t hink deeply
about t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h), supplicat ing;
びΚ
⇔ト͡ ⇒∠よやグ∠ワろ
∠ ∇ボヤ∠カ
∠ ゅ∠ョべ∠レよｚケ∠ ぴ
("Our Lord! You have not creat ed t his wit hout purpose,'')
You did not creat e all t his in j est and play. Rat her, You creat ed it in t rut h, so t hat You
recompense t hose who do evil in kind, and reward t hose who do right eous deeds wit h what is
bet t er.
The fait hful believers praise Allah and deny t hat He does anyt hing in j est and wit hout purpose,
saying,
びマ
∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ
⊥ぴ
("glory t o You,''), for You would never creat e anyt hing wit hout purpose,
びケ͡ ゅｚレャやゆ
∠ や∠グハ
∠ ゅ∠レボ͡ プ∠ ぴ
("Give us salvat ion from t he t orment of t he Fire.''), meaning, "O You Who creat ed t he creat ion
in t rut h and j ust ice, Who is far from any short comings, or doing t hings wit hout purpose or wit h
j est , save us from t he t orment of t he Fire wit h Your power and st rengt h. Direct us t o perform
t he deeds t hat make You pleased wit h us. Guide us t o right eous work from which You admit us
int o t he delight ful Paradise, and save us from Your painful t orment .''
They next supplicat e,
びヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇Αゴ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャやモ

͡カ
͡ ∇ギゎ⊥ リ∠ョマ
∠ ルｚま͡ べレ∠ よｚケ∠ ぴ
("Our Lord! Verily, whom You admit t o t he Fire, indeed, You have disgraced him;), by
humiliat ing and disgracing him before all people on t he Day of Gat hering,
びケ∃ ゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ リ

∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
("and never will t he wrongdoers find any helpers.''), on t he Day of Judgment , who would save
t hem from You. Therefore, t here is no escaping what ever fat e You decided for t hem.
びリ
͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Θャ͡ ン͡キゅ∠レΑ⊥ ゅ⇔Α͡キゅ∠レョ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ
∠ べ∠レルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚケｚぴ
("Our Lord! Verily, we have heard t he call of one calling t o fait h,''), a caller who calls t o fait h,
referring t o t he Messenger of Allah ,
びゅｚレョ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ

(` Believe in your Lord,' and we have believed), accept ed his call and followed him.
びゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プゅレ∠ よｚケ∠ ぴ

("Our Lord! Forgive us our sins''), on account of our fait h and obeying Your Prophet
びゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ビゅ∠プぴ

("Forgive us our sins''), and cover t hem,
びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ゅｚレ∠ハ ∇ゲヘあミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
("and expiat e from us our evil deeds''), bet ween us and You, in privat e,
びケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΙ
ｘやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レプｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
("and make us die along wit h Al-Abrar.''), j oin us wit h t he right eous people.
びマ
∠ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゅ∠レゎｚギ∠ハ∠ヱゅ∠ョゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよｚケ∠ ぴ
("Our Lord! Grant us what You promised unt o us t hrough Your Messengers'') for our fait h in Your
Messengers, or, and t his explanat ion is bet t er; grant us what You promised us by t he words of
Your Messengers,
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゴ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
("and disgrace us not on t he Day of Resurrect ion,''), before all creat ion,
びキ∠ ゅ∠バΒ͡ヨ∇ャやブ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ガゎ⊥ Ι
∠ マ
∠ ルｚま͡ぴ
("for You never break (Your) Promise.''), for surely, t he promise t hat You conveyed t o Your
Messengers, which includes us being resurrect ed before You, shall cert ainly come t o pass.
It was t he Prophet 's t radit ion t o recit e t he t en Ayat at t he end of Surah Al ` Imran when he
woke up at night for (volunt ary) prayer. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I slept one
night at t he house of my aunt , Maymunah. The Messenger of Allah spoke wit h his wife for a
while and t hen went t o sleep. When it was t he t hird part of t he night , he st ood up, looked at
t he sky and recit ed,
モ
͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱチ
͡ ∇ケΙｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやペ
͡ ∇ヤカ
∠ ヴ͡プラｚま͡ぴ
びょ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ
∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱ
(Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day,
t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding) 3:190 .
The Prophet t hen st ood up, performed ablut ion, used Siwak (t o clean his t eet h) and prayed
eleven unit s of prayer. When Bilal said t he Adhan, t he Prophet prayed t wo unit s of prayer,
went out (t o t he Masj id) and led t he people in t he Dawn prayer.'' This was also collect ed by
Muslim.
Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat ` At a' said, "I, Ibn ` Umar and ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr went t o ` A'ishah
and ent ered her room, and t here was a screen bet ween us and her. She said, ` O ` Ubayd! What
prevent s you from visit ing us' He said, ` What t he poet said, ` Visit every once in a while, and
you will be loved more.' Ibn ` Umar said, ` Tell us about t he most unusual t hing you wit nessed
from t he Messenger of Allah .' She cried and said, ` All his mat t ers were amazing. On night , he
came close t o me unt il his skin t ouched my skin and said, ` Let me worship my Lord.' I said, ` By
Allah I love your being close t o me. I also love t hat you worship your Lord.' He used t he wat er-
skin and performed ablut ion, but did not use t oo much wat er. He t hen st ood up in prayer and
cried unt il his beard became wet . He prost rat ed and cried unt il he made t he ground wet . He
t hen laid down on his side and cried. When Bilal came t o alert t he Prophet for t he Dawn
prayer, he said, ` O Messenger of Allah! What makes you cry, while Allah has forgiven you your
previous and lat t er sins' He said,
∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ヶ͡ム∇よ∠ぺ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡レバ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩⊥メゅ∠ヤよ͡ ゅ∠Α マ ∠エ∠ ∇Αヱ∠ »
«る∠ヤ∇Βヤｚャやロ͡ グ͡ ワヶ͡プヶ
ｚヤ∠ハ
∠ メ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥
(O Bilal! What prevent s me from crying, when t his night , t his Ayah was revealed t o me,)
モ
͡ ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱチ
͡ ∇ケΙｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやペ
͡ ∇ヤカ
∠ ヴ͡プラｚま͡ぴ
びょ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱｘΙ ろ∃ ⇒∠ΑΙ
∂ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱ
(Verily, in t he creat ion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and in t he alt ernat ion of night and day,
t here are indeed signs for men of underst anding.)
«ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ゲムｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワぺ∠ゲ∠ ホ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ»

(Woe t o he who recit es it but does not cont emplat e it .).''
モ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハモ ∠ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ッぺ⊥ Ι ∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ
リ∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ リあョユ⊥ムツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ
ヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ⇒∠ワ
∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヤ∠カ
͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ラｚ ∠ゲヘあ ∠ミΕ
⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホヱ∠
ギ͡ レ͡ハリあョゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠
びゆ͡ や∠ヲんｚャやリ
⊥ ∇ジェ ⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(195. So t heir Lord accept ed of t hem (t heir supplicat ion and answered t hem), "Never will I
allow t o be lost t he work of any of you, be he male or female. You are (members) one of
anot her, so t hose who emigrat ed and were driven out from t heir homes, and suffered harm in
My cause, and who fought and were killed (in My cause), verily, I will expiat e from t hem t heir
evil deeds and admit t hem int o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise); a reward from
Allah, and wit h Allah is t he best of rewards.'')
Allah Accepts the Supplication of Men of Understanding

Allah said,
び∇ユヰ⊥ よぁケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ
(So t heir Lord accept ed of t hem), answered t heir invocat ion. Sa` id bin Mansur recorded t hat
Salamah, a man from t he family of Umm Salamah said, "Umm Salamah said, ` O Messenger of
Allah! Allah does not ment ion women in connect ion wit h Hij rah (Migrat ion).' Allah sent down
t he Ayah,
モ
∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハモ
∠ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ッぺ⊥ Ι
∠ ヴあルぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よぁケ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠イわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ
びヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ
(So t heir Lord accept ed of t hem (t heir supplicat ion and answered t hem), "Never will I allow t o
be lost t he work of any of you, be he male or female.)
The Ansar say t hat Umm Salamah was t he first woman t o migrat e t o t hem.'' Al-Hakim collect ed
t his Hadit h in his Must adrak, and said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of Al-Bukhari but
t hey Al-Bukhari and Muslim did not collect it ''.
∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあモ

∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハモ
∠ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ノ⊥ Β͡ッぺ⊥ Ι
∠ ヴあルぺ∠ぴ
びヴ∠んル⊥ぺ
("Never will I allow t o be lost t he work of any of you, be he male or female,) explains t he t ype
of answer Allah gave t hem, st at ing t hat no deed of any person is ever lost wit h Him. Rat her, He
will complet ely reward each person for his or her good deeds. Allah's st at ement ,
びヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠ リあョユ⊥ムツ
⊥ ∇バよ∠ ぴ
(You are (members) one of anot her) means, you are all equal in relat ion t o gaining My reward.
Therefore,
び∇やヱ⊥ゲイ
∠ ⇒∠ワリ
∠ Α͡グャｚゅ∠プぴ
(t hose who emigrat ed), by leaving t he land of Shirk and migrat ing t o t he land of fait h, leaving
behind t heir loved ones, bret hren, friends and neighbors,
び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ

(and were driven out from t heir homes), when t he Mushriks t orment ed t hem and forced t hem
t o migrat e,
びヴ͡ヤΒ͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥クヱ⊥ぺヱ∠ ぴ
(and suffered harm in My cause), for t heir only wrong, t o t he people, was t hat t hey believed in
Allah Alone. In similar Ayat , Allah said,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ メ

∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ よあケ∠
(and have driven out t he Messenger and yourselves because you believe in Allah your Lord!)
60:1 , and,
ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι

ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びギ͡ Β͡ヨエ∠ ∇ャや
(And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise!)
85:8 . Allah's st at ement ,
び∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ホヱ∠ ぴ

(and who fought and were killed (in My cause),) 3:195 refers t o t he highest rank t here is,
t hat one fight s in t he cause of Allah and dies in t he process, wit h his face covered in dust and
blood. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat a man said,
:
«ユ∠バル∠ »
:
«∨∠ろ∇ヤホ⊥ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ »
:
«ゅ⇔ヘル͡ へモ
⊥ Α͡ゲ∇らィ
͡ ヶ͡ャヮ⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∩∠リ∇Αギｚャやゅｚャま͡ ∩∇ユバ∠ ル∠ »
('O Messenger of Allah! If I was killed in Allah's cause, observing pat ience, await ing Allah's
reward, at t acking, not ret reat ing, would Allah forgive my sins' The Prophet said, ` Yes.' The
Prophet t hen asked t he man, ` What did you ask' When t he man repeat ed t he quest ion, t he
Prophet said, ` Yes, except for t he debt , for Jibril conveyed t his t o me right now'.)
ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ
∃ ⇒ｚレィ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヤ∠カ
͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ラｚゲ∠ あヘミ∠ Ε
⊥ぴ
びゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョ
(verily, I will expiat e from t hem t heir evil deeds and admit t hem int o Gardens under which
rivers flow), wit hin Paradise, where t here are rivers of various drinks: milk, honey, wine and
fresh wat er. There is what no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard and no heart has ever
imagined of delight s in Paradise . Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハリあョゅ⇔よや∠ヲを∠ ぴ

(a reward from Allah) t est ifies t o His might , for t he Might y and Most Great only gives
t remendous rewards. Allah's st at ement ,
びゆ
͡ や∠ヲんｚャやリ
⊥ ∇ジェ
⊥ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and wit h Allah is t he best of rewards.'') for t hose who perform good deeds.
∠ぴ
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやリ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ - キ⊥ ゅ∠ヰヨ͡ ∇ャやザ
ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ
ｘやゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚケ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚや
∀ゲ∇Β∠カヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ Ι ∃ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カ
びケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΖ ∠ ャあ
(196. Let not t he free disposal (and affluence) of t he disbelievers t hroughout t he land deceive
you.) (197. A brief enj oyment ; t hen t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place
for rest .) (198. But , for t hose who have Taqwa of t heir Lord, are Gardens under which rivers
flow (in Paradise); t herein are t hey t o dwell, an ent ert ainment from Allah; and t hat which is
wit h Allah is t he best for Al-Abrar (t he most right eous).) u
Warning Against Being Deceived by This Life; the Rewards of the

Righteous Believers
Allah said, do not look at t he disbelievers, who are enj oying various delight s and j oys. Soon,
t hey will loose all t his and be t ied t o t heir evil works, for verily, we are only giving t hem t ime,
which deceives t hem, when all t hey have is,
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョぴ
(A brief enj oyment ; t hen t heir ult imat e abode is Hell; and worst indeed is t hat place for rest .)
This Ayah is similar t o several ot her Ayat , such as,
Κ
∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ヴ͡プメ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ
びキ͡ Κ
∠ ら͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら⊥ ぁヤボ∠ ゎ∠ ポ
∠ ∇ケゲ⊥ ∇ピΑ∠
(None disput es in t he Ayat of Allah but t hose who disbelieve. So, let not t heir abilit y of going
about here and t here t hrough t he land deceive you!) 40:4 ,
Ι
∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ ィ
͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プ ∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ヨ͡よギ∠ Α͡ギゼ
ｚャやゆ
∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ボ⊥ Α͡グル⊥
(Verily, t hose who invent a lie against Allah, will never be successful. (A brief) enj oyment in
t his world! and t hen unt o Us will be t heir ret urn, t hen We shall make t hem t ast e t he severest
t orment because t hey used t o disbelieve.) 10:69,70 ,
びナ
∃ Β͡ヤビ
∠ ゆ
∃ や∠グハ
∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁト
∠ ∇ツル∠ ｚユを⊥ Κ
⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ⊥ あわヨ∠ ル⊥ ぴ
(We let t hem enj oy for a lit t le while, t hen in t he end We shall oblige t hem t o (ent er) a great
t orment .) 31:24 ,
びや⇔ギ∇Αヱ∠ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ リ

∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやモ
͡ ヰあヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(So, give a respit e t o t he disbelievers; deal gent ly wit h t hem for a while.) 86:17 , and,
ロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇バわｚョｚリ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ホΙ

∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ
∠ や⇔ギ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠ル∇ギハ
∠ ヱ∠ リ∠ヨ∠プ∠ぺぴ
リ
∠ ョ͡ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャやノ∠ ⇒∠わョ∠
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲツ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(Is he whom We have promised an excellent promise (Paradise) which he will find t rue -- like
him whom We have made t o enj oy t he luxuries of t he life of (t his) world, t hen on t he Day of
Resurrect ion, he will be among t hose brought up (t o be punished in t he Hell-fire)) 28:61 .
Aft er Allah ment ioned t he condit ion of t he disbelievers in t his life and t heir dest inat ion t o t he
Fire, He said,
リ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よｚケ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ͡ ム͡ ャ∠ぴ

びヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ Ι
∃ ゴ⊥ ル⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ
∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎ
(But , for t hose who have Taqwa of t heir Lord, are Gardens under which rivers flow (in
Paradise); t herein are t hey t o dwell, an ent ert ainment from Allah,) 3:198 , for cert ainly,
びケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΖ
∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat which is wit h Allah is t he best for Al-Abrar.)
Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' used t o say, "Deat h is bet t er for every believer. Deat h is
bet t er for every disbeliever, and t hose who do not believe me should read Allah's st at ement s,
びケ͡ や∠ゲ∇よΖ
∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat which is wit h Allah is t he best for Al-Abrar), and,
∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ

ｚら∠ ジ
∠ ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∀ゆや∠グ∠ハユ⊥ ∇ヰャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ ∇をま͡ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇ゴΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ͡ヤ∇ヨル⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル６Ι
(And let not t he disbelievers t hink t hat Our post poning of t heir punishment is good for t hem.
We post pone t he punishment only so t hat t hey may increase in sinfulness. And for t hem is a
disgraceful t orment .) 3:178 .''
メ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よリ

⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャリ∠ Β͡バゼ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Κ
⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡
リ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Α - ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャやノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠
ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥トよ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠
(199. And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), t hose
who believe in Allah and in t hat which has been revealed t o you, and in t hat which has been
revealed t o t hem, humbling t hemselves before Allah. They do not sell t he verses of Allah for a
small price, for t hem is a reward wit h t heir Lord. Surely, Allah is swift in account .) (200. O you
who believe! Endure and be more pat ient , and Rabit u, and have Taqwa of Allah, so t hat you
may be successful.)
The Condition of Some of the People of the Scriptures and their
Rewards
Allah st at es t hat some of t he People of t he Book t ruly believe in Him and in what was sent
down t o Muhammad , along wit h believing in t he previously revealed Books, and t hey are
obedient t o Him and humble t hemselves before Allah.
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι
∠ぴ
(They do not sell t he verses of Allah for a small price) 3:199 , for t hey do not hide what t hey
know of t he glad t idings about t he descript ion of Muhammad , his Prophet hood, and t he
descript ion of his Ummah. Indeed, t hese are t he best people among t he People of t he Book,
whet her t hey were Jews or Christ ians. Allah said in Surat Al-Qasas,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
べ∠レよあケｚリ͡ョペぁエ ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
ゅ∠ヨよ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚョｚユ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΒ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま
び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ タ
∠
(Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure before it , t hey believe in it (t he Qur'an). And when it is
recit ed t o t hem, t hey say: "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed even
before it we were Muslims. These will be given t heir reward t wice over, because t hey are
pat ient ,) 28:52-54 . Allah said,
マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ ヱ∠ Κ
∠ ゎ͡ ペ
ｚェ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∇わ∠Α ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎへリ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥
(Those t o whom We gave t he Book, recit e it (follow it ) as it should be recit ed (i.e. followed),
t hey are t he ones who believe t herein.) 2:121 ,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α ∀るョｚぺ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ
び
(And of t he people of Musa t here is a communit y who lead wit h t rut h and est ablish j ust ice
t herewit h.) 7:159 ,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤ∇わΑ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ も͡ べ∠ホ ∀るョｚぺ⊥ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジ∇Βャ∠ぴ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇Βャｚや￢∠ べ∠ルや∠￢ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢
(Not all of t hem are alike; a part y of t he people of t he Script ure st and for t he right , t hey recit e
t he verses of Allah during t he hours of t he night , prost rat ing t hemselves in prayer.) 3:113 ,
and,
ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ

ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
- や⇔ギイｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ
ｘャ͡ ラ∠ ヱゲぁガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ
Ι⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡まべ∠レよあケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠
びゅ⇔ハヲ⊥ゼカ ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ム∇らΑ∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ
ｘャ͡ ラ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ヱ∠ -
(Say: "Believe in it (t he Qur'an) or do not believe (in it ). Verily, t hose who were given
knowledge before it , when it is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir faces in humble
prost rat ion.'' And t hey say: "Glory be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be
fulfillled.'' And t hey fall down on t heir faces weeping and it increases t heir humilit y.) 17:107-
109 .
These qualit ies exist in some of t he Jews, but only a few of t hem. For inst ance, less t han t en
Jewish rabbis embraced t he Islamic fait h, such as ` Abdullah bin Salam. Many among t he
Christ ians, on t he ot her hand, embraced t he Islamic fait h. Allah said,
キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあり⇔ ヱ∠ や∠ギハ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやギｚセ

∠ ぺ∠ ラｚギ∠ イ
͡ わ∠ ャ∠ぴ
リ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあり⇔ キｚヲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ラ
ｚギ∠ イ͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ
びン∠ケゅ∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
(Verily, you will find t he st rongest among men in enmit y t o t he believers t he Jews and t hose
who commit Shirk, and you will find t he nearest in love t o t he believers t hose who say: "We are
Christ ians.'') 5:82 , unt il,
ゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ
∃ ⇒ｚレィ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠をほ∠プ∠ ぴ
びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘや
(So because of what t hey said, Allah rewarded t hem Gardens under which rivers flow (in
Paradise), t hey will abide t herein forever) 5:85 . In t his Ayah,
Allah said,
び∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ

∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(for t hem is a reward wit h t heir Lord) 3:199 .
When Ja` far bin Abi Talib recit ed Surah Maryam chapt er 19 t o An-Naj ashi, King of Et hiopia,
in t he presence of Christ ian priest s and pat riarchs, he and t hey cried unt il t heir beards became
wet from crying. The Two Sahihs record t hat when An-Naj ashi died, t he Prophet conveyed t he
news t o his Companions and said,
«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ やヲぁヤダ
∠ プ∠ ∩∠れゅ∠ョ ∇ギホ∠ る͡ ゼ
∠ ら∠ エ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ⇔カぺ∠ ラ
ｚま͡»
(A brot her of yours from Et hiopia has passed, come t o offer t he funeral prayer.) He went out
wit h t he Companions t o t he Musalla lined t hem up in rows, and aft er t hat led t he prayer.
Ibn Abi Naj ih narrat ed t hat Muj ahid said t hat ,
びょ
(And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure), refers t o t hose among t hem who
embraced Islam. ` Abbad bin Mansur said t hat he asked Al-Hasan Al-Basri about Allah's
st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よリ
⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure, t hose who believe in Allah).
Al-Hasan said, "They are t he People of t he Book, before Muhammad was sent , who believed in
Muhammad and recognized Islam. Allah gave t hem a double reward, for t he fait h t hat t hey had
before Muhammad , and for believing in Muhammad (aft er he was sent as Prophet ).'' Ibn Abi
Hat im recorded bot h of t hese st at ement s. The Two Sahihs record t hat Abu Musa said t hat t he
«リ∇Βゎ∠ ゲｚョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を»
(Three persons will acquire a double reward. )
He ment ioned among t hem,
«ヶ͡よリ
∠ ョ∠ へ∠ヱヮ͡ Βあら͡ レ∠ よ͡ リ
∠ ョ∠ へゆ
͡ ゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ
∀ィ
⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ »
(A person from among t he People of t he Book who believed in his Prophet and in me.)
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ Ι
∠ぴ
(They do not sell t he verses of Allah for a small price), means, t hey do not hide t he knowledge
t hat t hey have, as t he cursed ones among t hem have done. Rat her, t hey share t he knowledge
wit hout a price, and t his is why Allah said,
ノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ
ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
びゆ
͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャや
(for t hem is a reward wit h t heir Lord. surely, Allah is Swift in account .)
Muj ahid comment ed on t he verse,
びゆ
͡ ゅ∠ジエ
͡ ∇ャやノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ
∠ぴ
((Surely, Allah is) swift in account ), "He is swift in reckoning,'' as Ibn Abi Hat im and ot hers have
recorded from him.
The Command for Patience and Ribat

Allah said,
∇やヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ

∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
び∇やヲト
⊥ よ͡ や∠ケヱ∠
(O you who believe! Endure and be more pat ient , and Rabit u) 3:200 .
Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "The believers are commanded t o be pat ient in t he religion t hat Allah
chose for t hem, Islam. They are not allowed t o abandon it in t imes of comfort or hardship,
ease or calamit y, unt il t hey die as Muslims. They are also commanded t o endure against t heir
enemies, t hose who hid t he t rut h about t heir religion.'' Similar explanat ion given by several
ot her scholars among t he Salaf.
As for Murabat ah, it is t o endure in act s of worship and perseverence. It also means t o await
prayer aft er prayer, as Ibn ` Abbas, Sahl bin Hanif and Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi st at ed.
Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed a Hadit h t hat was also collect ed by Muslim and An-Nasa'i from Abu
Hurayrah t hat t he Prophet said,
ヮ͡ よ͡ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠Αゅ∠トガ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ よ͡ ぶ

⊥ やヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠»
り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ロケ͡ ゅ∠ムヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ￢͡ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ャやパ ⊥ ゅら∇シま͡ ∨͡れゅ∠ィケ∠ ギｚャや
ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダｚャやケ⊥ ゅ∠ヌわ͡ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∩͡ギィ ͡ ゅ∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠トガ ⊥ ∇ャや
ユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩⊥ヅゅ∠よゲあャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩⊥ヅゅ∠よゲあャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ͡グ∠プ ∩͡りゅ∠ヤダｚャや
«ヅゅ∠よゲあャや
(Should I t ell you about act ions wit h which Allah forgives sins and raises t he grade Performing
perfect ablut ion in unfavorable condit ions, t he many st eps one t akes t o t he Masaj id, and
await ing prayer aft er t he prayer, for t his is t he Ribat , t his is t he Ribat , t his is t he Ribat .)
They also say t hat t he Murabat ah in t he above Ayah refers t o bat t les against t he enemy, and
manning Muslim out post s t o prot ect t hem from enemy incursions inside Muslim t errit ory. There
are several Hadit hs t hat encourage Murabat ah and ment ion it s rewards. Al-Bukhari recorded
t hat Sahl bin Sa` d As-Sa` idi said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カぶ
͡ やモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヶ͡プュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヅ
⊥ ゅ∠よケ͡ »
«ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
(A Day of Ribat in t he cause of Allah is bet t er t han t his life and all t hat is in it .)
Muslim recorded t hat Salman Al-Farisi said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩͡ヮ͡ョゅΒ͡ホ∠ヱゲ∃ ∇ヰセ
∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠Βタ
͡ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カる∃ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヅ
⊥ ゅ∠よケ͡ »
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヵ͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ン∠ゲィ ∠ れ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠
リ
∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ⇒⇒⇒⇒⊥ホ∇コケ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヵ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ィぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮヤ⊥⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒∠ヨ∇バΑ∠
«ラゅｚわヘ∠ ∇ャや
(Ribat for a day and a night is bet t er t han fast ing t he days of a mont h and it s Qiyam (volunt ary
prayer at night ). If one dies in Ribat , his regular right eous deeds t hat he used t o perform will
keep being added t o his account , and he will receive his provision, and will be saved from t he
t rials of t he grave.)
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Fadalah bin ` Ubayd said t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah
saying,
れ∠ ゅ∠ョヵ͡グャｚやゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΑ⊥ ろ ∃ Βあョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ »

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡まヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヶ͡ヨ∇レ∠Α ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ぶやモΒ͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プゅ⇔トよ͡ や∠ゲョ⊥
«ゲ∇らボ∠ ∇ャやる∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ リ
⊥ ョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
(Every dead person will have his record of deeds sealed, except for whoever dies while in Ribat
in t he cause of Allah, for his work will keep increasing unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, and he
will be safe from t he t rial of t he grave.)
This is t he same narrat ion collect ed by Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi, who said, "Hasan Sahih''.
Ibn Hibban also collect ed t his Hadit h in his Sahih. fAt -Tirmidhi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said
t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
る͡ Β∠ ∇ゼカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ろム∠ よ∠ ∀リ∇Β∠ハ :ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ジ
ぁヨ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャラ
͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βハ
∠»
«ぶやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヶ͡プサ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ろゎ∠ ゅ∠よリ ∀ ∇Βハ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶや
(Two eyes shall not be t ouched by t he Fire: an eye t hat cried for fear from Allah and an eye
t hat spent t he night guarding in Allah's cause.)
Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩͡るダ ∠ Β͡ヨガ ∠ ∇ャや⊥ギ∇らハ∠ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ワ∠ ∇ケギあャや⊥ギ∇らハ
∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠レΑあギャや⊥ギ∇らハ
∠ ザ ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ »
ザ∠ バ͡ ゎ∠ ∩∠テガ ͡シ ∠ テ ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ヶ͡ッ∠ケヶ ∠ト ͡ ∇ハぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡
グ∃ カ͡ へギ∃ ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠よヲ⊥デ ∩∠ズボ∠ わ∠ ∇ルやゅ∠ヤプ∠ マ ∠ Β͡セや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ザム∠ わ∠ ∇ルや∠ヱ
り∃ ゲｚら∠ ∇ピョ⊥ ∩⊥ヮシ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ゑ ∠ バ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ∩͡ぶやモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プヮ͡ シ͡ ゲ∠ プ∠ ラ
͡ ゅ∠レバ͡ よ͡
∩͡るシ ∠ や∠ゲエ ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プラ ∠ ゅ∠ミる͡ シ
∠ や∠ゲエ ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ ∩⊥ロゅ∠ョギ∠ ホ∠
ラ∠ ク∠ ∇ほわ∠ ∇シやラ ͡ ま͡ ∩͡るホ∠ ゅｚジャやヶ͡プラ ∠ ゅ∠ミる͡ ホ∠ ゅｚジャやヶ͡プラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠
«ノｚヘゼ ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ノ∠ ヘ∠ セ
∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ∇ラク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠
(Let t he servant of t he Dinar, t he servant of t he Dirham and t he servant of t he Khamisah (of
clot hes) perish, as he is pleased if t hese t hings are given t o him, and if not , he is displeased.
Let such a person perish and be humiliat ed, and if he is pierced wit h a t horn, let him not find
anyone t o t ake it out for him. Paradise is for him who holds t he reins of his horse, st riving in
Allah's cause, wit h his hair unkempt and feet covered wit h dust : if he is appoint ed t o t he
vanguard, he is perfect ly sat isfied wit h his post of guarding, and if he is appoint ed in t he
rearguard, he accept s his post wit h sat isfact ion; if he asks for permission he is not permit t ed,
and if he int ercedes, his int ercession is not accept ed.)
Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Zayd bin Aslam said, "Abu ` Ubaydah wrot e t o ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab and
ment ioned t o him t hat t he Romans were mobilizing t heir forces. ` Umar wrot e back, ` Allah will
soon t urn what ever hardship a believing servant suffers, t o ease, and no hardship shall ever
overcome t wo t ypes of ease. Allah says in His Book,
∇やヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇タや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥トよ͡ や∠ケヱ∠
(O you who believe! Endure and be more pat ient , and Rabit u, and have Taqwa of Allah, so t hat
you may be successful)' 3:200 ."
Al-Hafiz Ibn ` Asakir ment ioned in t he biography of ` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak, t hat Muhammad
bin Ibrahim bin Abi Sakinah said, "While in t he area of Tarsus, ` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak
dict at ed t his poem t o me when I was greet ing him goodbye. He sent t he poem wit h me t o Al-
Fudayl bin ` Iyad in t he year one hundred and sevent y, ` O he who worships in t he vicinit y of t he
Two Holy Masj ids! If you but see us, you will realize t hat you are only j est ing in worship. He
who brings wet ness t o his cheek wit h his t ears, should know t hat our necks are being wet by
our blood. He who t ires his horses wit hout purpose, know t hat our horses are get t ing t ired in
bat t le. Scent of perfume is yours, while our scent is t he glimmer of spears and t he st ench of
dust in bat t le . We were narrat ed about in t he speech of our Prophet , an aut hent ic st at ement
t hat never lies. That t he dust t hat erupt s by Allah's horses and which fills t he nost rils of a man
shall never be combined wit h t he smoke of a raging Fire. This, t he Book of Allah speaks among
us t hat t he mart yr is not dead, and t he t rut h in Allah's Book cannot be denied.' I met Al-Fudayl
Ibn ` Iyad in t he Sacred Masj id and gave him t he let t er. When he read it , his eyes became
t earful and he said, ` Abu ` Abdur-Rahman (` Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak) has said t he t rut h and
offered sincere advice t o me.' He t hen asked me, ` Do you writ e t he Hadit h' I said, ` Yes.' He
said, ` Writ e t his Hadit h as reward for delivering t he let t er of Abu ` Abdur-Rahman t o me. He
t hen dict at ed, ` Mansur bin Al-Mu` t amir narrat ed t o us t hat Abu Salih narrat ed from Abu
Hurayrah t hat a man asked, ` O Messenger of Allah! Teach me a good deed t hat will earn me
t he reward of t he Muj ahidin in Allah's cause.' The Prophet said,
ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ュ∠ ヲ⊥ダゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲわ⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヶ

∠ ヤあダ
∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ »
«∨∠ゲ͡ト∇ヘゎ⊥
(Are you able t o pray cont inuously and fast wit hout breaking t he fast ) The man said, ` O
Messenger of Allah! I cannot bear it .' The Prophet said,
ろ
∠ ∇ピヤ∠よ∠ ゅ∠ョマ ∠ ャ͡クろ ∠ ∇ホヲあデ
⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヲプ∠ »
サ
∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ラｚぺ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぺ∠ ∩͡ぶやモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヶ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや
マ
∠ ャ͡グ͡よヮ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ムΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮャ͡ヲ∠ デ
͡ ヶ͡プリぁわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ャ∠ ギ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや
«れゅ∠レジ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや
(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Even if you were able t o do it , you will not achieve t he grade
of t he Muj ahidin in Allah's cause. Did you not know t hat t he horse of t he Muj ahid earns rewards
for him as long as it lives.)
Allah said next ,
びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱぴ

(and have Taqwa of Allah), concerning all your affairs and sit uat ions. For inst ance, t he Prophet
said t o Mu` adh when he sent him t o Yemen,
る∠ レ∠ ジ
∠エ
∠ ∇ャやる∠ ⇒⇒∠ゃ⇒あΒジ
ｚャやノ͡ ら͡ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ろ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨん⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ぶ∠ やペ ͡ ゎｚや»
«リ∠ジェ ∠ ペ ∃ ヤ⊥ガ
⊥ よ͡ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやペ
͡ ャ͡ゅ∠カヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰエ
⊥ ∇ヨゎ∠
(Have Taqwa of Allah wherever you may be, follow t he evil deed wit h a good deed and it will
erase it , and deal wit h people in a good manner.)
Allah said next ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ
(so t hat you may be successful.), in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat
Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi said t hat , Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(and have Taqwa of Allah, so t hat you may be successful.) means, "Fear Me concerning what is
bet ween you and Me, so t hat you may acquire success when you meet Me t omorrow.''
The Tafsir of Surah Al ` Imran ends here, all praise is due t o Allah, and we ask Him t hat we die
while on t he pat h of t he Qur'an and Sunnah, Amin.
The Tafsir of Surat An-Nisa
(Chapter 4)
Virtues of Surat An-Nis£257 , A Madinan Surah

Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Surat An-Nisa' was revealed in Al-Madinah. Ibn
Marduwyah recorded similar st at ement s from ` Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr and Zayd bin Thabit . In
his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "There are five Ayat in Surat
An-Nisa' t hat I would prefer t o t he life of t his world and all t hat is in it ,
びり∃ ケｚク∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, Allah wrongs not even t he weight of an at om,) 4:40 ,
びヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ レ⊥ゎゅ∠ョゲ∠ も͡ べ∠らミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ
(If you avoid t he great sins which you are forbidden t o do) 4:31 ,
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ョゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ
∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠
(Verily, Allah forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship), but He forgives
except t hat (anyt hing else) t o whom He wills) 4:48 ,
びポ
∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
ｚク͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(If t hey (hypocrit es), when t hey had been unj ust t o t hemselves, had come t o you) 4:64 , and,

͡ Α∠
(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself, but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find
Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful) 4:110 .'' Al-Hakim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ask me
about Surat An-Nisa', for I learned t he Qur'an when I was st ill young.'' Al-Hakim said, "This
Hadit h is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Sahihs, and t hey did not collect it .''
In t he Name of Allah, t he Most Gracious, t he Most Merciful
ザ∃ ∇ヘルｚリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ

∠ ン͡グャｚやユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚやサ ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
Ι⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑｚよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ ェ
͡ ヱ∠
ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジゎ∠ ン͡グャｚやヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠
びゅ⇔らΒ͡ホケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ュ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙｘや∠ヱ
(1. O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who creat ed you from a single person, and from him
He creat ed his mat e, and from t hem bot h He creat ed many men and women, and have Taqwa
of Allah t hrough Whom you demand your mut ual (right s), and revere t he wombs. Surely, Allah
is always wat ching over you.)
The Command to have Taqwa, a Reminder about Creation, and

Being Kind to Relatives
Allah commands His creat ures t o have Taqwa of Him by worshipping Him Alone wit hout
part ners. He also reminds t o t hem of His abilit y, in t hat He creat ed t hem all from a single
person, Adam, peace be unt o him.
びゅ∠ヰ∠ィ∇ヱ∠コゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ペ
∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And from him He creat ed his wife) Hawwa' (Eve), who was creat ed from Adam's left rib, from
his back while he was sleeping. When Adam woke up and saw Hawwa', he liked her and had
affect ion for her, and she felt t he same t oward him. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,
￢∃ ∇ヶセ ∠ ァ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ラｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ノヤ∠ツ͡レ∇レョ͡ ∇ろボ∠ ヤ͡カ ⊥ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやラ

ｚま͡»
ラ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ∇ゲジ
∠ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ Β͡ボゎ⊥ ろ
∠ ∇らワ∠ ク∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロゅ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ ノ͡ ヤ∠ツ
あャやヶ͡プ
«ァ∠ヲハ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ろ ∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ヰ͡よろ
∠ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや
(Woman was creat ed from a rib. Verily, t he most curved port ion of t he rib is it s upper part , so,
if you should t ry t o st raight en it , you will break it , but if you leave it as it is, it will remain
crooked.) Allah's st at ement ,
び￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ Ι

⇔ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゑ
ｚよ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And from t hem bot h He creat ed many men and women;) means, Allah creat ed from Adam and
Hawwa' many men and women and dist ribut ed t hem t hroughout t he world in various shapes,
charact erist ics, colors and languages. In t he end, t heir gat hering and ret urn will be t o Allah.
Allah t hen said,
びュ∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱヮ͡ よ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジゎ∠ ン͡グャｚやヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(And have Taqwa of Allah t hrough Whom you demand your mut ual (right s) and revere t he
wombs), prot ect yourself from Allah by your act s of obedience t o Him. Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャ￢∠ べ∠ジゎ∠ ン͡グャｚやぴ
(t hrough Whom you demand your mut ual (right s)), is in reference t o when some people say, "I
ask you by Allah, and t hen by t he relat ion of t he Rahim (t he womb, i.e. my relat ionship t o
you)'', according t o Ibrahim, Muj ahid and Al-Hasan. Ad-Dahhak said; "Fear Allah Whom you
invoke when you conduct t ransact ions and cont ract s.'' "And revere t he womb by not cut t ing t he
relat ions of t he womb, but keep and honor t hem, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan,
Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` , and ot hers have st at ed. Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ⇔らΒ͡ホケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, Allah is always wat ching over you.) means, He wat ches all your deeds and sees your
every circumst ance. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;
び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ
∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
(And Allah is Wit ness over all t hings.) 58:6 . An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,
ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ロや∠ゲゎ∠ マ

∠ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ぶ
∠ や͡ギら⊥ ∇ハや»
«ポや∠ゲΑ∠
(Worship Allah as if you see Him, for even t hough you cannot see Him, He sees you.) This part
of t he Ayah encourages having a sense of cert aint y t hat Allah is always wat ching, in a complet e
and perfect manner. Allah ment ioned t hat He has creat ed mankind from a single fat her and a
single mot her, so t hat t hey feel compassion for each ot her and are kind t o t he weaker among
t hem. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali said t hat a delegat ion
from Mudar came t o t he Messenger of Allah , and he saw t heir st at e, wearing st riped woolen
clot hes due t o povert y. Aft er t he Zuhr prayer, t he Messenger of Allah st ood up and gave a
speech in which he recit ed,
ザ
∃ ∇ヘルｚリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ン͡グャｚやユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚよケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚやサ
⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
びり∃ ギ∠ ェ
͡ ヱ∠
(O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord, Who creat ed you from a single person,) unt il t he end of
t he Ayah. He also recit ed,
ゅｚョ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ル ∇ゲヌ

⊥ レ∠わ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Αグ͡ ャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
びギ∃ ピ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠
(O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah. And let every person look t o what he has sent fort h
for t he t omorrow) 59:18 . He also encouraged t hem t o give charit y, saying,
∇リョ͡ ∩͡ヮヨ͡ ワ∠ ∇ケキ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ロケ͡ ゅ∠レΑ͡キ ∇リョ͡ ∀モィ⊥ ∠ケベ ∠ ギｚダ

∠ ゎ∠ »
«ロ͡ゲ∇ヨゎ∠ ネ ͡ ゅ∠タ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ロゲあよ⊥ ネ
͡ ゅ∠タ
(A man gave Sadaqah from his Dinar, from his Dirham, from his Sa` of wheat , from his Sa` of
dat es) unt il t he end of t he Hadit h. This narrat ion was also collect ed by Ahmad and t he Sunan
compilers from Ibn Mas` ud.
ゑ∠ Β͡らガ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚら∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ

ラ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ Βあトｚャゅ͡よ
ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ιｚぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ
͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥ェ
ゑ∠ ⇒∠ヤを⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠デゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プ
∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ιｚぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ
͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ネ ∠ ゅ∠よケ⊥ ヱ∠
￢∠ べ∠ジレあャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ - ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥バゎ∠ Ι ｚぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠
ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ∠ ∇らデ ͡ ラ͡みプ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇エル͡ リｚヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ホギ⊥ タ
∠
びゅ⇔ゃΑ͡ゲョｚゅ⇔ゃΒ͡レワ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠
(2. And give unt o orphans t heir propert y and do not exchange (your) bad t hings for (t heir) good
ones; and devour not t heir subst ance (by adding it ) t o your subst ance. Surely, t his is a great
sin.) (3. And if you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly wit h t he orphan girls, t hen
marry (ot her) women of your choice, t wo or t hree, or four; but if you fear t hat you shall not be
able t o deal j ust ly (wit h t hem), t hen only one or (t he capt ives and t he servant s) t hat your right
hands possess. That is nearer t o prevent you from Ta` ulu.) (4. And give t o t he women (whom
you marry) t heir Saduqat (or dowry) Nihlah (wit h a good heart ), but if t hey, of t heir own good
pleasure, remit any part of it t o you, t ake it , and enj oy it wit hout fear of any harm.)
Protecting the Property of the Orphans

Allah commands t hat t he propert y of t he orphans be surrendered t o t hem in full when t hey
reach t he age of adolescence, and He forbids using or confiscat ing any part of it . So He said;
びょ
͡ Βあト
ｚャゅ͡よゑ
∠ Β͡らガ
∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャギｚら∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and do not exchange (your) bad t hings for (t heir) good ones;) Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib and Az-
Zuhri comment ed, "Do not subst it ut e a weak animal of yours for a fat animal (of t he orphans).''
Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Ad-Dahhak comment ed, "Do not give somet hing of bad qualit y for
somet hing of good qualit y.'' As-Suddi said, "One of t hem (caret akers of orphans) would t ake a
fat sheep from t he orphan's propert y and put in it s place, a weak sheep of his, saying, ` A sheep
for a sheep.' He would also t ake a good Dirham and exchange it for a fake Dirham, saying, ` A
Dirham for a Dirham.''' Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and devour not t heir subst ance t o your subst ance.) means, do not mix t hem t oget her so t hat
you eat up bot h, as Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muqat il bin Hayyan, As-Suddi and Sufyan bin
Hassin st at ed. Allah said,
びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔よヲ⊥ェラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ
(Surely, t his is a great sin. ), a maj or and subst ant ial sin, according t o Ibn ` Abbas. This was also
report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Ibn Sirin, Qat adah, Muqat il bin
Hayyan, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Malik, Zayd bin Aslam and Abu Sinan. The meaning above is: adding
t heir propert y t o your propert y is a grave sin and a maj or mist ake, so avoid it .
The Prohibition of Marrying Female Orphans Without Giving a

Dowry
Allah said,
ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ιｚぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ
͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠デ
(And if you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly wit h t he orphan girls, t hen marry
(ot her) women of your choice, t wo) Allah commands, when one of you is t he caret aker of a
female orphan and he fears t hat he might not give her a dowry t hat is suit able for women of
her st at us, he should marry ot her women, who are plent y as Allah has not rest rict ed him. Al-
Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "A man was t aking care of a female orphan and he married
her, alt hough he did not desire t o marry her. That girl's money was mixed wit h his, and he was
keeping her port ion from her. Aft erwards, t his Ayah was revealed about his case;
び∇やヲ⊥トジ
͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ
(If you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly)'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Urwah bin Az-
Zubayr said t hat he asked ` A'ishah about t he meaning of t he st at ement of Allah,
びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥トジ

͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ι
(If you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly wit h t he orphan girls.) She said, "O my
nephew! This is about t he orphan girl who lives wit h her guardian and shares his propert y. Her
wealt h and beaut y may t empt him t o marry her wit hout giving her an adequat e dowry which
might have been given by anot her suit or. So, such guardians were forbidden t o marry such
orphan girls unless t hey t reat ed t hem j ust ly and gave t hem t he most suit able dowry; ot herwise
t hey were ordered t o marry woman besides t hem.'' ` A'ishah furt her said, "Aft er t hat verse, t he
people again asked t he Messenger of Allah (about marriage wit h orphan girls), so Allah revealed
t he Ayah,
び￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやヴ͡プマ

∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(They ask your inst ruct ion concerning t he women..) 4:127 .'' She said, "Allah's st at ement in
t his Ayah,
びｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎラ∠ぺ ∠ラヲ⊥ら∠ビ∇ゲ∠ゎ∠ヱぴ

(yet whom you desire t o marry) 4:127 refers t o t he guardian who does not desire t o marry an
orphan girl under his supervision because she is neit her wealt hy nor beaut iful. The guardians
were forbidden t o marry t heir orphan girls possessing propert y and beaut y wit hout being j ust t o
t hem, as t hey generally refrain from marrying t hem (when t hey are neit her beaut iful nor
wealt hy).''
The Permission to Marry Four Women

びネ
∠ ゅ∠よケ⊥ ヱ∠ ゑ
∠ ⇒∠ヤを⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョ∠ ぴ
(t wo or t hree, or four), means, marry as many women as you like, ot her t han t he orphan girls,
t wo, t hree or four. We should ment ion t hat Allah's st at ement in anot her Ayah,
ゑ
∠ ⇒∠ヤを⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠レ∇んョｚる∃ エ
∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ Κ
⇔シ
⊥ ケ⊥ る͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやモ
͡ハ ͡ ゅ∠ィぴ
びノ∠ ⇒∠よケ⊥ ヱ∠
(Who made t he angels messengers wit h wings, - t wo or t hree or four) 35:1 , does not mean
t hat ot her angels do not have more t han four wings, as t here are proofs t hat some angels do
have more wings. Yet , men are prohibit ed from marrying more t han four wives, as t he Ayah
decrees, since t he Ayah specifies what men are allowed of wives, as Ibn ` Abbas and t he
maj orit y of scholars st at ed. If it were allowed for t hem t o have more t han four wives, t he Ayah
would have ment ioned it . Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Salim said t hat his fat her said t hat Ghilan
bin Salamah At h-Thaqafi had t en wives when he became Muslim, and t he Prophet said t o him,
"Choose any four of t hem (and divorce t he rest ).'' During t he reign of ` Umar, Ghilan divorced
his remaining wives and divided his money bet ween his children. When ` Umar heard news of
t his, he said t o Ghilan, "I t hink t hat t he devil has conveyed t o your heart t he news of your
imminent deat h, from what t he devil hears during his eavesdropping. It may as well be t hat you
will not remain alive but for a lit t le longer. By Allah! You will t ake back your wives and your
money, or I will t ake possession of t his all and will order t hat your grave be st oned as is t he
case wit h t he grave of Abu Righal (from Thamud, who was saved from t heir fat e because he
was in t he Sacred Area. But , when he left it , he was t orment ed like t hey were).'' Ash-Shafi` i,
At -Tirmidhi, Ibn Maj ah, Ad-Daraqut ni and Al-Bayhaqi collect ed t his Hadit h up t o t he Prophet 's
st at ement , "Choose any four of t hem.'' Only Ahmad collect ed t he full version of t his Hadit h.
Therefore, had it been allowed for men t o marry more t han four women at t he same t ime, t he
Prophet would have allowed Ghilan t o keep more t han four of his wives since t hey all embraced
Islam wit h him. When t he Prophet commanded him t o keep j ust four of t hem and divorce t he
rest , t his indicat ed t hat men are not allowed t o keep more t han four wives at a t ime under any
circumst ances. If t his is t he case concerning t hose who already had more t han four wives upon
embracing Islam, t hen t his ruling applies even more so t o marrying more t han four.
Marrying Only One Wife When One Fears He Might not Do Justice to
His Wives
∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ

͡ ヲ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι
͡ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠
(But if you fear t hat you will not be able t o deal j ust ly (wit h t hem), t hen only one or what your
right hands possess.) The Ayah commands, if you fear t hat you will not be able t o do j ust ice
bet ween your wives by marrying more t han one, t hen marry only one wife, or sat isfy yourself
wit h only female capt ives, for it is not obligat ory t o t reat t hem equally, rat her it is
recommended. So if one does so, t hat is good, and if not , t here is no harm on him. In anot her
Ayah, Allah said,
∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇タゲ∠ ェ
∠
(You will never be able t o do perfect j ust ice bet ween wives even if it is your ardent desire)
4:129 . Allah said,
び∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥バゎ∠ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
(That is nearer t o prevent you from Ta` ulu), meaning, from doing inj ust ice. Ibn Abi Hat im, Ibn
Marduwyah and Abu Hat im Ibn Hibban, in his Sahih, recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat , t he
Prophet said t hat t he Ayah,
び∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥バゎ∠ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
(That is nearer t o prevent you from Ta` ulu), means, from doing inj ust ice. However, Ibn Abi
Hat im said t hat his fat her said t hat t his Hadit h t o t he Prophet is a mist ake, for it should be
at t ribut ed t o ` A'ishah not t he Prophet . Ibn Abi Hat im report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, ` A'ishah,
Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Abu Malik, Abu Razin, An-Nakha` i, Ash-Sha` bi, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a'
Al-Khurasani, Qat adah, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan t hat Ta` ulu means t o deviat e from
j ust ice .
Giving the Dowry is Obligatory

` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed Ibn ` Abbas saying, Nihlah, in Allah's st at ement ,
びる⇔ ヤ∠∇エル͡ リ
ｚヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ホギ⊥ タ
∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ
(And give t o t he women (whom you marry) t heir Saduqat Nihlah) refers t o t he dowry.
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed from Az-Zuhri t hat ` Urwah said t hat ` A'ishah said t hat ` Nihlah'
means ` obligat ory'. Muqat il, Qat adah and Ibn Jurayj said, ` Nihlah' means ` obligat ory' Ibn Jurayj
added: ` specified.' Ibn Zayd said, "In Arabic, Nihlah, refers t o what is necessary. So Allah is
commanding: Do not marry unless you give your wife somet hing t hat is her right . No person
aft er t he Prophet is allowed t o marry a woman except wit h t he required dowry, nor by giving
false promises about t he dowry int ended .'' Therefore, t he man is required t o pay a dowry t o
his wife wit h a good heart , j ust as he gives a gift wit h a good heart . If t he wife gives him part
or all of t hat dowry wit h a good heart , her husband is allowed t o t ake it , as it is lawful for him
in t his case. This is why Allah said aft erwards,
ゅ⇔ゃΒ͡レワ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ￢∃ ∇ヴセ

∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ
∠ ∇らデ
͡ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ゃΑ͡ゲョｚ
(But if t hey, of t heir own pleasure, remit any part of it t o you, t ake it , and enj oy it wit hout
fear of any harm.)
∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ヴ͡わャｚやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ
ぁャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
Ι
⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ジ∇ミや∠ヱゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡
ゥ
∠ ゅ∠ムレあャや ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ∠ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ
Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇キゅ∠プや⇔ギ∇セケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジル∠ や∠￢ ∇ラみ͡プ∠
ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ
∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺや⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠
フ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ブヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠
ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バプ∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠
びゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
(5. And give not unt o t he unwise your wealt h which Allah has made a means of support for you,
but feed and clot he t hem t herewit h, and speak t o t hem words of kindness and j ust ice.) (6. And
t est orphans unt il t hey reach t he age of marriage; if t hen you find sound j udgment in t hem,
release t heir propert y t o t hem, but consume it not wast efully and hast ily, fearing t hat t hey
should grow up. And whoever among guardians is rich, he should t ake no wages, but if he is
poor, let him have for himself what is j ust and reasonable (according t o his work). And when
you release t heir propert y t o t hem, t ake a wit ness in t heir presence; and Allah is All-Sufficient
in t aking account .)
Holding the Property of the Unwise in Escrow

Allah prohibit ed giving t he unwise t he freedom t o do as t hey wish wit h wealt h, which Allah has
made as a means of support for people. This ruling somet imes applies because of being young,
as young people are incapable of making wise decisions. It also applies in cases of insanit y,
errat ic behavior and having a weak int ellect or religious pract ice. It applies in cases of
bankrupt cy, when t he debt ors ask t hat t he propert y of a bankrupt person is put in escrow,
when his debt s cannot be paid off wit h his money. Ad-Dahhak report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said
t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ヰヘ∠ ジ

ぁャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And give not unt o t he unwise your propert y) refers t o children and women. Similar was also
said by Ibn Mas` ud, Al-Hakam bin ` Uyaynah, Al-Hasan and Ad-Dahhak: "Women and boys.'' Sa` id
bin Jubayr said t hat ` t he unwise' refers t o t he orphans. Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and Qat adah said;
"They are women.''
Spending on the Unwise with Fairness

Allah said,
Ι
⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ジ∇ミや∠ヱゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ
びゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ
(but feed and clot he t hem t herewit h, and speak t o t hem words of kindness and j ust ice.) ` Ali
bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "Do not give your wealt h, what Allah has made
you responsible for and made a means of sust enance t o you, t o your wife or children. Rat her,
hold on t o your money, t ake care of it , and be t he one who spends on t hem for clot hes, food
and provision.'' Muj ahid said t hat t he Ayah,
びゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι
⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ
(and speak t o t hem words of kindness and j ust ice.) refers t o kindness and keeping good
relat ions. This honorable Ayah commands kind t reat ment , in deed, wit h family and t hose under
one's care. One should spend on t hem for clot hes and provisions, and be good t o t hem, such as
saying good words t o t hem.
Giving Back the Property of the Orphans When They Reach

Adulthood
Allah said,
びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ

(And t est orphans) meaning, t est t heir int elligence, as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Al-Hasan, As-Suddi
and Muqat il bin Hayyan st at ed.
びゥ
∠ ゅ∠ムレあャや ∇やヲ⊥ピヤ∠よ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ
∠ぴ
(unt il t hey reach t he age of marriage), t he age of pubert y, according t o Muj ahid. The age of
pubert y according t o t he maj orit y of scholars comes when t he child has a wet dream. In his
Sunan, Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Ali said, "I memorized t hese words from t he Messenger of
Allah ,
«モ∇Βヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ュ∃ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ

∠ ゅ∠ヨタ
⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃ュゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇ェやギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ∠ ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»
(There is no orphan aft er t he age of pubert y nor vowing t o be silent t hroughout t he day t o t he
night .) In anot her Hadit h, ` A'ishah and ot her Companions said t hat t he Prophet said,
∩∠ユヤ͡わ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヶあら͡ ダ
ｚャやリ͡ハ∠ ∩∃るを∠ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ∇リハ ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠ボ∠ ∇ャやノ∠ プ͡ ケ⊥ »
ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ͡ ヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ∇ャやリ͡ハ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ナボ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ ユ͡ も͡ ゅｚレャやリ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠
«ペΒ͡ヘΑ⊥
s(The pen does not record t he deeds of t hree persons: t he child unt il t he age of pubert y, t he
sleeping person unt il waking up, and t he senile unt il sane.) Or, t he age of fift een is considered
t he age of adolescence. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "I was present ed
in front of t he Prophet on t he eve of t he bat t le of Uhud, while I was fourt een years of age, and
he did not allow me t o t ake part in t hat bat t le. But I was present ed in front of him on t he eve
of t he bat t le of Al-Khandaq (The Trench) when I was fift een years old, and he allowed me (t o
j oin t hat bat t le).'' ` Umar bin ` Abdul-` Aziz comment ed when t his Hadit h reached him, "This is
t he difference bet ween a child and an adult .'' There is a difference of opinion over whet her
pubic hair is considered a sign of adult hood, and t he correct opinion is t hat it is. The Sunnah
support s t his view, according t o a Hadit h collect ed by Imam Ahmad from ` At iyah Al-Qurazi who
said, We were present ed t o t he Prophet on t he day of Qurizah, whoever had pubic hair was
killed, whoever did not was left free t o go, I was one of t hose who did not , so I was left free.''
The Four Sunan compilers also recorded similar t o it . At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.'' Allah's
st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇キゅ∠プや⇔ギ∇セケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジル∠ や∠￢ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(if t hen you find sound j udgment in t hem, release t heir propert y t o t hem,) Sa` id bin Jubayr
said t hat t his port ion of t he Ayah means, when you find t hem t o be good in t he religion and
wise wit h t heir money. Similar was report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot hers
among t he Imams. The scholars of Fiqh st at ed t hat when t he child becomes good in t he religion
and wise concerning wit h money, t hen t he money t hat his caret aker was keeping for him should
be surrendered t o him.
Poor Caretakers are Allowed to Wisely Spend from the Money of the
Orphan Under Their Care, to Compensate for Their Work
Allah said,
び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺや⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(But consume it not wast efully and hast ily, fearing t hat t hey should grow up.) Allah commands
t hat t he money of t he orphan should not be spent unnecessarily,
びや⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ぴ
(Wast efully and hast ily) for fear t hey might grow up. Allah also commands,
び∇ブヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ

∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever among guardians is rich, he should t ake no wages,) Hence, t he guardian who is
rich and does not need t he orphan's money, should not t ake any of it as wages.
びフ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ
(but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is j ust and reasonable.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded
t hat ` A'ishah said, "This Ayah,
や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ブヘ͡ ∇バわ∠ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ
∠ ラ
びフ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠
(And whoever among guardians is rich, he should t ake no wages, but if he is poor, let him have
for himself what is j ust and reasonable.) was revealed about t he guardian of t he orphan and
pert ains t o what ever work he does for t he orphan's est at e. '' Al-Bukhari also collect ed t his
Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amr bin Shu` ayb said t hat his fat her said t hat his fat her
t old him t hat a man asked t he Messenger of Allah , "I do not have money, but I have an orphan
under my care.'' The Messenger said,
ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ∃ グあら∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ フ∃ ゲ͡ ∇ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ マ ∠ ヨ͡ Β͡わΑ∠ メ

͡ ゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ ∇モミ⊥ »
ヵ
∠ ギ͡ ∇ヘゎ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠ョヶ
∠ ボ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョモ∃ をあほ∠わ∠ ョ⊥
«ヮ͡ャゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ゅ∠ョ
(Eat from your orphan's wealt h wit hout ext ravagance or wast efulness, or mixing it , and wit hout
saving your money by spending his.)'' Allah said,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バプ∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ

(And when you release t heir propert y t o t hem.) aft er t hey become adult s, and you see t hat
t hey are wise, t hen,
∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇セほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(t ake a wit ness in t heir presence;) Allah commands t he guardians of orphans t o surrender t he
propert y of t he orphans who become consent ing adult s, in t he presence of wit nesses, so t hat
none of t hem denies t he fact t hat he received his money. Allah said next ,
びゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and Allah is All-Sufficient in t aking account .) meaning, Allah is sufficient as Wit ness, Reckoner
and Wat cher over t heir work for orphans, and when t hey surrender t heir money t o t hem,
whet her t heir propert y was complet e and whole, or deficient and less. Indeed, Allah knows all
of t hat . In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ョマ
∠ ャ∠ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ポ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ケ∠ ク∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺゅ∠Α»
メ
∠ ゅ∠ョリ
ｚ Β∠ ヤ͡ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βレ∠ ∇をやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
ｚゲ∠ ョｚほ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ヶ͡ジ∇ヘレ∠ ャ͡ ぁょェ
͡ ぺ⊥
«ユΒ͡わΑ∠
(O Abu Dharr! Verily, you are weak, and I love for you what I love for myself. Do not become a
leader of t wo nor assume guardianship of an orphan's propert y.)
ラ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘや∠ヱラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャやポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょ͡Βダ∠ルメ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあヤあャぴ

ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ ｘや∠ヱラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャやポ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅヨｚョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル￢͡ べ∠ジレあヤ͡ャヱ∠
ゲ∠ ツ∠ ェ ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ッヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘョｚゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ゲ∠ ん⊥ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モｚホ∠
リ⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャや
- ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョｚ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ホコ⊥ ∇ケゅ∠プ
ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠バッ͡ ⇔るΑｚケあク⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやズ ∠ ∇ガΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠
- や⇔ギΑ͡ギシ ∠ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやや∂ヲ⊥ボわｚ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゅ∠カ
ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャやメ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ
ｚま͡
びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΒ∠ シ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プ
(7. There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parent s and t hose
nearest in relat ion, whet her t he propert y be small or large -- a legal share.) (8. And when t he
relat ives, and t he orphans, and t he poor are present at t he t ime of division, give t hem from
t he propert y, and speak t o t hem words of kindness and j ust ice.) (9. And let t hose (execut ors
and guardians) have t he same fear in t heir minds as t hey would have for t heir own, if t hey had
left weak offspring behind. So, let t hem have Taqwa of Allah and speak t rut hfully.) (10. Verily,
t hose who unj ust ly eat up t he propert y of orphans, t hey eat up only a fire int o t heir bellies,
and t hey will be burnt in t he blazing Fire!)
The Necessity of Surrendering the Inheritance According to the

Portions that Allah Ordained
Sa` id bin Jubayr and Qat adah said, "The idolat ors used t o give adult men a share of inherit ance
and deprive women and children of it . Allah revealed;
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ
ｘや∠ヱラ
͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャやポ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょ͡Βダ∠ルメ
͡ ゅ∠ィゲあヤあャぴ
(There is a share for men from what is left by parent s and t hose nearest in relat ion).''
Therefore, everyone is equal in Allah's decision t o inherit , even t hough t heir shares vary
according t o t he degree of t heir relat ionship t o t he deceased, whet her being a relat ive,
spouse, et c. Ibn Marduwyah report ed t hat Jabir said, "Umm Kuj j ah came t o t he Messenger of
Allah and said t o him, ` O Messenger of Allah! I have t wo daught ers whose fat her died, and t hey
do not own anyt hing.' So Allah revealed;
びラ
ｘや∠ヱラ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょ͡Βダ∠ルメ
͡ ゅ∠ィゲあヤあャぴ
(There is a share for men from what is left by parent s and t hose nearest in relat ion.)'' We will
ment ion t his Hadit h when explaining t he t wo Ayat about inherit ance. Allah knows best . Allah
said,
びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャやゲ∠ ツ

∠ ェ
(are present at t he t ime of division,) t hose who do not have a share in t he inherit ance,
びリ
⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he orphans and t he poor), are also present upon dividing t he inherit ance, give t hem a
share of t he inherit ance. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,
ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャやゲ∠ ツ
∠ ェ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱぴ
びリ
⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(And when t he relat ives and t he orphans and t he poor are present at t he t ime of division), was
not abrogat ed. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his Ayah st ill applies and should be
implement ed. At h-Thawri said t hat Ibn Abi Naj ih narrat ed from Muj ahid t hat implement ing t his
Ayah, "Is required from t hose who have anyt hing t o inherit , paid from what ever port ions t heir
heart s are sat isfied wit h giving away.'' Similar explanat ion was report ed from Ibn Mas` ud, Abu
Musa, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakr, Abu Al-` Aliyah, Ash-Sha` bi and Al-Hasan. Ibn Sirin, Sa` id
bin Jubayr, Makhul, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, ` At a' bin Abi Rabah, Az-Zuhri and Yahya bin Ya` mar
said t his payment is obligat ory. Ot hers say t hat t his refers t o t he bequeat hal at t he t ime of
deat h. And ot hers say t hat it was abrogat ed. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his
Ayah,
びる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャやゲ∠ ツ

∠ ェ
(And when are present at t he t ime of division), refers t o divisions of inherit ance. So, when poor
relat ives, who are ineligible for inherit ance, orphans, and t he poor at t end t he division of t he
inherit ance, which is somet imes subst ant ial, t heir heart s will feel eager t o have a share, seeing
each eligible person assuming his share; while t hey are desperat e, yet are not given anyt hing.
Allah t he Most Kind, Most Compassionat e, commands t hat t hey should have a share in t he
inherit ance as an act of kindness, charit y, compassion and mercy for t hem.
Observing Fairness in the Will

Allah said,
び∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやズ
∠ ∇ガΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ
(And let t hose have t he same fear in t heir minds as t hey would have for t heir own, if t hey had
left behind...) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his part of t he Ayah,
"Refers t o a man who is near deat h and he dict at es a will and t est ament t hat harms some of
t he right ful inherit ors. Allah commands whoever hears such will t o fear Allah, and direct t he
dying man t o do what is right and t o be fair, being as eager t o prot ect t he inherit ors of t he
dying man as he would be wit h his own.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid and several ot hers.
The Two Sahihs record t hat when t he Messenger of Allah visit ed Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas during an
illness he suffered from, Sa` d said t o t he Messenger, "O Messenger of Allah! I am wealt hy and
have no inherit ors except a daught er. Should I give t wo-t hirds of my propert y in charit y'' He
said, "No.'' Sa` d asked, "Half'' He said, "No.'' Sa` d said, "One-t hird'' The Prophet said;
«ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゑ
⊥ ヤ⊥ぁんャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゑヤ⊥んぁャや»
(One-t hird, and even one-t hird is t oo much.) The Messenger of Allah t hen said,
∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ￢∠ ゅ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ マ

∠ わ∠ を∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ グ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ マ ∠ ルｚま͡»
«サゅｚレャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヘｚム∠ わ∠ Α∠ る⇔ ャ∠ゅ∠ハ
(You'd bet t er leave your inherit ors wealt hy rat her t han leaving t hem poor, begging from
ot hers.)
A Stern Warning Against Those Who Use Up the Orphan's Wealth

It was also said t hat t he Ayah
び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺや⇔ケや∠ギよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔プや∠ゲ∇シま͡ べ∠ワヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(consume it not wast efully and hast ily, fearing t hat t hey should grow up,) means, let t hem
have Taqwa of Allah when t aking care of t he orphan's wealt h, as Ibn Jarir recorded from Al-
` Awfi who report ed t his explanat ion from Ibn ` Abbas. This is a sound opinion t hat is support ed
by t he warning t hat follows against consuming t he orphan's wealt h unj ust ly. In t his case, t he
meaning becomes: Just as you would want your offspring t o be t reat ed fairly aft er you, t hen
t reat ot her people's offspring fairly when you are given t he responsibilit y of caring for t hem.
Allah proclaims t hat t hose who unj ust ly consume t he wealt h of orphans, will be eat ing fire int o
t heir st omach, t his is why Allah said,
ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ
⊥ ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャやメ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ
∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲヤ∠∇ダΒ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠
(Verily, t hose who unj ust ly eat up t he propert y of orphans, t hey eat up only a fire int o t heir
bellies, and t hey will be burnt in t he blazing Fire!) meaning, when you consume t he orphan's
wealt h wit hout a right , t hen you are only consuming fire, which will kindle in your st omach on
t he Day of Resurrect ion. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he
«れゅ∠ボよ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャやノ∠ ∇らジ

ｚャややヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや»
(Avoid t he seven great dest ruct ive sins. ) The people asked, "O Allah's Messenger! What are
t hey'' He said,
ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ヶ͡わャｚやザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚャやモ
⊥ ∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲ∇エジあャや∠ヱ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よポ ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや»
∩͡ユΒ͡わΒ∠ ∇ャやメ
͡ ゅ∠ョモ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅよ∠ ゲあャやモ ⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩あペ∠エ∇ャゅ͡よゅｚャま͡ ぶ⊥ や
れ͡ ゅ∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやフ ⊥ ∇グホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ブ∇ェゴｚャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶあャヲ∠ わｚャや∠ヱ
«れゅ∠ヤプ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャやれ
͡ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(To j oin ot hers in worship along wit h Allah, magic, t o kill t he life which Allah has forbidden
except for a j ust cause, t o consume int erest , t o consume an orphan's propert y, t o t urn your
back t o t he enemy and flee from t he bat t lefield at t he t ime of fight ing, and t o accuse chast e
women who never even t hink of anyt hing harmful t o t heir chast it y being good believers.)
ナ
あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚヤ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡プヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Αぴ
ゅ∠ョゅ∠んヤ⊥を⊥ リｚヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をやベ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠ リ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΙ
ｙや
あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ Ι
６ヱ∠ ブ⊥ ∇ダあレャやゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠
ラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡まポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ サ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥ぁんャやヮ͡ ョあ Κ ｘプ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ヲよ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ を∠ ケ͡ ヱ∠ ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ
ヴ͡タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚタ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョサ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャやヮ͡ ョあ Κ ｘプ∠ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅレよ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョある⇔ ツ ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠
(11. Allah commands you for your children's (inherit ance): t o t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat
of t wo - females; if only daught ers, t wo or more, t heir share is t wo t hirds of t he inherit ance; if
only one, her share is half. For parent s, a sixt h share of inherit ance t o each if t he deceased
left children; if no children, and t he parent s are t he (only) heirs, t he mot her has a t hird; if t he
deceased left brot hers or (sist ers), t he mot her has a sixt h. (The dist ribut ion in all cases is)
aft er t he payment of legacies he may have bequeat hed or debt s. You know not which of t hem,
whet her your parent s or your children, are nearest t o you in benefit , (t hese fixed shares) are
ordained by Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.)
Learning the Various Shares of the Inheritance is Encouraged
This, t he following, and t he last honorable Ayah in t his Surah cont ain t he knowledge of Al-
Fara'id, inherit ance. The knowledge of Al-Fara'id is derived from t hese t hree Ayat and from t he
Hadit hs on t his subj ect which explain t hem. Learning t his knowledge is encouraged, especially
t he specific t hings ment ioned in t he Ayat . Ibn ` Uyaynah said; "Knowledge of Al-Fara'id was
called half of knowledge, because it effect s all people.'' o
The Reason Behind Revealing Ayah 4:11

Explaining t his Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "Allah's Messenger came
visit ing me on foot wit h Abu Bakr at Banu Salamah's (dwellings), and t he Prophet found me
unconscious. He asked for some wat er, performed ablut ion wit h it , t hen poured it on me, and I
regained consciousness. I said, ` What do you command me t o do wit h my money, O Allah's
Messenger' t his Ayah was lat er revealed,
ナ
あェ
∠ モ
⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚヤ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ͡プヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡タヲ⊥Αぴ
びリ ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΙ
ｙや
(Allah commands you for your children's (inherit ance); t o t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of
t wo females)." This is how it was recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. The remainder of t he Six
compilers also collect ed t his Hadit h. Anot her Hadit h from Jabir concerning t he reason behind
revealing Ayah 4:11 Ahmad recorded from Jabir t hat he said, "The wife of Sa` d bin Ar-Rabi`
came t o Allah's Messenger and said t o him, ` O Allah's Messenger! These are t he t wo daught ers
of Sa` d bin Ar-Rabi` , who was killed as a mart yr at Uhud. Their uncle t ook t heir money and did
not leave anyt hing for t hem. They will not be married unless t hey have money.' The Messenger
said, ` Allah will decide on t his mat t er.' The Ayah about t he inherit ance was lat er revealed and
t he Messenger of Allah sent word t o t heir uncle commanding him,
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠リヨ⊥ んぁャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョｚぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βん∠ ヤ⊥んぁャやギ∃ ∇バシ

∠ ∇ヶわ∠ レ∠ ∇よやテ
͡ ∇ハぺ∠»
«マ∠ャヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヶ∠ ボ͡ よ
(Give t wo-t hirds (of Sa` d's money) t o Sa` d's t wo daught ers and one eight h for t heir mot her,
and what ever is left is yours.)'' Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi, and Ibn Maj ah collect ed t his Hadit h. It
is apparent , however, t hat t he first Hadit h from Jabir was about t he case of t he last Ayah in
t he Surah 4:176, rat her t han 4:11 , for at t he t ime t his incident occurred, Jabir had sist ers
and did not have daught ers, parent s or offspring t o inherit from him. Yet , we ment ioned t he
Hadit h here j ust as Al-Bukhari did.
Males Get Two Times the Share of Females for Inheritance

Allah said,
ナ
あェ
∠ モ
ｙや
(Allah commands you for your children's (inherit ance): t o t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of
t wo females;) Allah commands: observe j ust ice wit h your children. The people of Jahiliyyah
used t o give t he males, but not t he females, a share in t he inherit ance. Therefore, Allah
commands t hat bot h males and females t ake a share in t he inherit ance, alt hough t he port ion of
t he males is t wice as much as t hat of t he females. There is a dist inct ion because men need
money t o spend on t heir dependant s, commercial t ransact ions, work and fulfillling t heir
obligat ions. Consequent ly, men get t wice t he port ion of t he inherit ance t hat females get .
ナ
あェ
∠ モ
ｙや
(Allah commands you for your children's (inherit ance): t o t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of
t wo females;) t est ifies t o t he fact t hat Allah is more merciful wit h children t han t heir own
parent s are wit h t hem, since He commands t he parent s t o be j ust and fair wit h t heir own
children. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at ed t hat a capt ured woman was looking for her child and when
she found him, she held him, gave him her breast and nursed him. The Messenger of Allah said
t o his Companions,
ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ヶ
∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやヶ͡プゅ∠ワギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⇔ ェ
∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠デロ͡ グ͡ ワラ
∠ ∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ぺ∠»
«マ͡ャク∠ ヴヤ∠ハ
(Do you t hink t hat t his woman would willingly t hrow her child in t he fire) They said, "No, O
Messenger of Allah.'' He said,
«ゅ∠ワギ͡ ャ∠ヲ∠ よ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ェ

∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ぶ
⊥ ぶ
͡ や∠ヲプ∠ »
(By Allah! Allah is more merciful wit h His servant s t han t his woman is wit h her own child.) Al-
Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The cust om (in old days) was t hat t he propert y of t he
deceased would be inherit ed by his offspring; as for t he parent s (of t he deceased), t hey would
inherit by t he will of t he deceased. Then Allah cancelled what ever He willed from t hat cust om
and ordained t hat t he male get t wice t he amount inherit ed by t he female, and for each parent
a sixt h (of t he whole legacy), for t he wife an eight h or a fourt h, and for t he husband a half or a
fourt h.''
The Share of the Females When They Are the Only Eligible Heirs
Allah said,
びポ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠んヤ⊥を⊥ リ
ｚヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をやベ
∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(if only daught ers, t wo or more, t heir share is t wo-t hirds of t he inherit ance;) We should
ment ion here t hat some people said t he Ayah only means t wo daught ers, and t hat ` more' is
redundant , which is not t rue. Not hing in t he Qur'an is useless or redundant . Had t he Ayah been
t alking about only t wo women, it would have said, "The share of bot h of t hem is t wo-t hirds.'' As
for t he daught ers, t wo or more, t he ruling t hat t hey get t wo-t hirds was derived from t his Ayah,
st at ing t hat t he t wo sist ers get t wo-t hirds. We also ment ioned t he Hadit h in which t he Prophet
commanded t hat t wo-t hirds be t he share of t he t wo daught ers of Sa` d bin Ar-Rabi` . So t his is
proven in t he Book and t he Sunnah.
びブ
⊥ ∇ダあレャやゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ
͡ ヱ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(if only one, her share is half.) If t here are t wo daught ers, t hen t here are t ext s t o prove t hey
share a half. Therefore, t wo-t hirds is t he share of t he t wo daught ers or sist ers, and Allah knows
best .
Share of the Parents in the Inheritance

Allah said,
びサ
⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあギ∃ ェ
͡ ヱ∠ あモム⊥ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αヲ∠ よ∠ Ι
６ヱ∠ ぴ
(For parent s, a sixt h share of inherit ance t o each) There are several forms of t he share t hat t he
parent s get in t he inherit ance. 1. If t he deceased left behind children, t he parent s get a sixt h
each. When t he deceased had only one daught er, she get s half of t he inherit ance and t he
parent s each one sixt h, and anot her sixt h is given t o t he fat her. 2. When t he parent s are t he
only inherit ors, t he mot her get s one-t hird while t he fat her get s t he remaining t wo-t hirds. In
t his case, t he fat her's share will be t wice t he mot her's share. If t he deceased had a surviving
spouse, t he spouse get s half, in t he case of a husband, or a fourt h in t he case of a surviving
wife. In bot h cases, t he mot her of t he deceased get s one-t hird of t he remaining inherit ance.
This is because t he remaining port ion of t he inherit ance is t reat ed j ust as t he ent ire legacy in
regard t o t he parent s' share. Allah has given t he mot her one-half of what t he fat her get s.
Therefore, t he mot her get s a t hird of t he remaining inherit ance while t he fat her get s t wo-
t hirds. 3. If t he deceased left behind surviving brot hers and sist ers, whet her half brot hers, half
sist ers or from t he same fat her and mot her, t heir presence does not cause reduct ion in t he
fat her's share. Yet , t heir presence reduces t he share of t he mot her t o one-sixt h inst ead of one-
t hird, and t he fat her get s t he rest , when t here are no ot her heirs. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat
Qat adah comment ed on t he Ayah,
びサ
⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャやヮ͡ ョあ Κ
ｘプ∠ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(If t he deceased left brot hers or (sist ers), t he mot her has a sixt h.) "Their presence will reduce
t he share of t he mot her, but t hey will not inherit . If t here is only one surviving brot her, t he
mot her's share will remain one-t hird, but her share will be reduced if t here is more t han one
surviving brot her. The people of knowledge at t ribut e t his reduct ion in t he mot her's share from
one-t hird (t o one-sixt h) t o t he fact t hat t he fat her is t he one who helps t he brot hers (and
sist ers) of t he deceased get married, spending from his own money for t his purpose. The
mot her does not spend from her money for t his purpose.'' This is a sound opinion.
First the Debts are Paid Off, then the Will, then the Fixed
Inheritance
Allah said,
びリ
∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚタ
͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョぴ
((The dist ribut ion in all cases is) aft er t he payment of legacies he may have bequeat hed or
debt s.) The scholars of t he Salaf and t he Khalaf agree t hat paying debt s comes before fulfilling
t he will, and t his is apparent t o t hose who read t he Ayah carefully. Allah said next ,
∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ
⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι
∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅレよ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ぴ
びゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠
(You know not which of t hem, whet her your parent s or your children, are nearest t o you in
benefit .) This Ayah means: We have appoint ed a share t o t he parent s and children, cont rary t o
t he pract ice of Jahiliyyah and t he early Islamic era, when t he inherit ance would go t o t he
children, and parent s get a share only if t hey were named in t he will, as Ibn ` Abbas st at ed.
Allah abrogat ed t his pract ice and appoint ed a fixed share for t he children and for t he parent s.
One may derive benefit in t his life or for t he Hereaft er from his parent s, t he likes of which he
could not get from his children. The opposit e of t his could also be t rue. Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ
⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Αぁぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ケ∇ギゎ∠ Ι
∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅレよ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ べ∠よや∠￢ぴ
(You know not which of t hem, whet her your parent s or your children, are nearest t o you in
benefit ,): since benefit could come from one or t he ot her of t hese relat ives, We appoint ed a
fixed share of inherit ance for each. Allah knows best . Allah said,
∠ ョある⇔ ツ
∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ぴ
(ordained by Allah), meaning: These appoint ed shares of inherit ance t hat We ment ioned and
which give some inherit ors a bigger share t han ot hers, is a commandment from Allah t hat He
has decided and ordained,
∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ
∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(And Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.), Who places everyt hing in it s right ful place and gives
each his right ful share.
リ
ｚヰ⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
リ͡ョリ ∠ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ⊥ よ⊥ ぁゲャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠
ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ⊥ よ⊥ ぁゲャやリｚヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ リ
∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ リ ∠ Β͡タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚタ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠
リｚヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡ま ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠
∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥タヲ⊥ゎる∃ Βｚタ ͡ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ ⊥ ヨ⊥ ぁんャや
ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやヱ∠ぺる⇔ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤミ∠ ゐ ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡まヱ∠ リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ サ ⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあギ∃ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ モあム⊥ ヤ͡プ∠ ∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ォ∠ぺ
ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョゑ ͡ ヤ⊥んぁャやヴ͡プ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クリ͡ョゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠
る⇔ Βｚタ
͡ ヱ∠ ケｙべ∠ツョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∃ ∇Αキ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰよ͡ ヴ∠タヲ⊥Α る∃ Βｚタ ͡ ヱ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョあ
(12. In t hat which your wives leave, your share is half if t hey have no child; but if t hey leave a
child, you get a fourt h of t hat which t hey leave aft er payment of legacies t hat t hey may have
bequeat hed or debt s. In t hat which you leave, t heir (your wives) share is a fourt h if you leave
no child; but if you leave a child, t hey get an eight h of t hat which you leave aft er payment of
legacies t hat you may have bequeat hed or debt s. If t he man or woman whose inherit ance is in
Kalalah has left neit her ascendant s nor descendant s, but has left a brot her or a sist er, each
one of t he t wo get s a sixt h; but if more t han t wo, t hey share in a t hird; aft er payment of
legacies he (or she) may have bequeat hed or debt s, so t hat no loss is caused (t o anyone). This
is a Commandment from Allah; and Allah is Ever All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.)
Share of the Spouses in the Inheritance

Allah says t o t he husband, you get half of what your wife leaves behind if she dies and did not
have a child. If she had a child, you get one-fourt h of what she leaves behind, aft er payment of
legacies t hat she may have bequeat hed, or her debt s. We ment ioned before t hat payment of
debt s comes before fulfilling t he will, and t hen comes t he will, t hen t he inherit ance, and t here
is a consensus on t his mat t er among t he scholars. And t he rule applies t o t he grandchildren as
well as t he children, even if t hey are great -grandchildren (or even furt her in generat ion) Allah
t hen said,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ⊥ よ⊥ ぁゲャやリ

ｚヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(In t hat which you leave, t heir (your wives) share is a fourt h) and if t here is more t han one
wife, t hey all share in t he fourt h, or one-eight h t hat t he wife get s. Earlier, we explained Allah's
st at ement ,
びる∃ Βｚタ
(Aft er payment of legacies)
The Meaning of Kalalah

Allah said,
びる⇔ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤミ∠ ゐ
⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥Α ∀モィ
⊥ ∠ケラ
∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(If t he man or woman whose inherit ance is in quest ion was left in Kalalah.) Kalalah is a
derivat ive of Iklil; t he crown t hat surrounds t he head. The meaning of Kalalah in t his Ayah is
t hat t he person's heirs come from ot her t han t he first degree of relat ive. Ash-Sha` bi report ed
t hat when Abu Bakr As-Siddiq was asked about t he meaning of Kalalah, he said, "I will say my
own opinion about it , and if it is correct , t hen t his correct ness is from Allah. However, if my
opinion is wrong, it will be my error and because of t he evil effort s of Shayt an, and Allah and
His Messenger have not hing t o do wit h it . Kalalah refers t o t he man who has neit her
descendant s nor ascendant s.'' When ` Umar became t he Khalifah, he said, "I hesit at e t o
cont radict an opinion of Abu Bakr.'' This was recorded by Ibn Jarir and ot hers. In his Tafsir, Ibn
Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I was among t he last persons t o see ` Umar bin Al-
Khat t ab, and he said t o me, ` What you said was t he correct opinion.' I asked, ` What did I say'
He said, ` That Kalalah refers t o t he person who has no child or parent s.''' This is also t he
opinion of ` Ali bin Abi Talib, Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Zayd bin Thabit , Ash-Sha` bi, An-Nakha` i,
Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qat adah, Jabir bin Zayd and Al-Hakam . This is also t he view of t he people of
Al-Madinah, Kufah, Basrah, t he Seven Fuqaha', t he Four Imams and t he maj orit y of scholars of
t he past and present , causing some scholars t o declare t hat t here is a consensus on t his
opinion.
The Ruling Concerning Children of the Mother From Other Than the
Deceased's Father
Allah said,
び∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ォ∠ぺヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(But has left a brot her or a sist er), meaning, from his mot her's side, as some of t he Salaf
st at ed, including Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas. Qat adah report ed t hat t his is t he view of Abu Bakr As-
Siddiq.
リ͡ョゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ サ

⊥ ギ⊥ ぁジャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョあギ∃ ェ͡ ヱ∠ モあム⊥ ヤ͡プ∠ ぴ
びゑ
͡ ヤ⊥んぁャやヴ͡プ￢⊥ べ∠ミゲ∠ セ
⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク
(Each one of t he t wo get s a sixt h; but if more t han t wo, t hey share in a t hird.) There is a
difference bet ween t he half brot hers from t he mot her's side and t he rest of t he heirs. First ,
t hey get a share in t he inherit ance on account of t heir mot her. Second, t he males and females
among t hem get t he same share. Third, t hey only have a share in t he inherit ance when t he
deceased's est at e is inherit ed in Kalalah, for t hey do not have a share if t he deceased has a
surviving fat her, grandfat her, child or grandchild. Fourt h, t hey do not have more t han a t hird,
no mat t er how numerous t hey were. aAllah's st at ement ,
びケｙべ∠ツョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ

∠ リ
(Aft er payment of legacies he (or she) may have bequeat hed or debt s, so t hat no loss is caused
(t o anyone).) means, let t he will and t est ament be fair and free of any t ype of harm, wit hout
depriving some right ful heirs from all, or part of t heir share, or adding t o t he fixed port ion t hat
Allah or dained for some heirs. Indeed, whoever does t his, will have disput ed wit h Allah
concerning His decision and division. An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,
る∠ Βｚタ
͡ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚボェ
∠ ペ
∠ェ∠ ヵ͡クｚモミ⊥ ヴ∠ト∇ハぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ
∠ やラ
ｚま͡»
«ゐ͡ケや∠ヲャ͡
(Allah has given each his fixed due right . Theref ore, t here is no will for a right ful inherit or.)
ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ
͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやノ͡ ト
͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやキ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ
⊥ マ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョンゲ͡ ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ∠
ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやゾ
͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャやコ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャやマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ
∀ゆや∠グ∠ハヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プや⇔ギ͡ヤ⇒∠カや⇔ケゅ∠ルヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ
͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ロ⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ
⊥ ギｚバ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠
(13. These are t he limit s (set by) Allah, and whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, will be
admit t ed t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), t o abide t herein, and is t he great
success.) (14. And whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, and t ransgresses His (set )
limit s, He will cast him int o t he Fire, t o abide t herein; and he shall suffer a disgraceful
t orment .)
Warning Against Transgressing the Limits for Inheritance

Meaning, t he Fara'id are Allah's set limit s. This includes what Allah has allot ed for t he heirs,
according t o t he degree of relat ion t hey have t o t he deceased, and t heir degree of dependency
on him. Therefore, do not t ransgress or violat e t hem. So Allah said;
びヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやノ͡ ト

͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whosoever obeys Allah and His Messenger,) regarding t he inherit ance, and does not add or
decrease any of t hese fixed shares by use of t ricks and plot s. Rat her, he gives each his
appoint ed share as Allah commanded, ordained and decided,
ヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ
͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやノ͡ ト
͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやキ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒ヰ∠ ∇ルΙ
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠
ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやゾ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャやコ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャやマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ
∀ゆや∠グ∠ハヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プや⇔ギ͡ヤ⇒∠カや⇔ケゅ∠ルヮ⊥ ∇ヤカ ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ロ⊥ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ
⊥ ギｚバ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠
(Will be admit t ed t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), t o abide t herein, and is t he
great success. And whosoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger, and t ransgresses His (set )
limit s, He will cast him int o t he Fire, t o abide t herein; and he shall have a disgraceful
t orment .) This is because he changed what Allah has ordained and disput ed wit h His j udgment .
Indeed, t his is t he behavior of t hose who do not agree wit h what Allah has decided and divided,
and t his is why Allah punishes t hem wit h humiliat ion in t he et ernal, painful t orment . Imam
Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat , t he Messenger of Allah said,
リ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡ モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ ∠ィ⊥ ゲｚャやラｚま͡»

ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮわ͡ Βｚタ
͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プフ ∠ ゅ∠ェヴ∠タ∇ヱぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠
モ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚャやラｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ケゅｚレャやモ ⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ゲあゼ ∠ よ͡
ヮ͡ わ͡ Βｚタ
͡ ヱ∠ ヶ͡プメ ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ
∠ リ ∠ Β͡バ∇らシ ∠ ゲあゼｚャやモ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ モ ͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ よ͡
«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャやモ
⊥カ ⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βガ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ユ⊥ わ∠ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠
(A man might perform t he act ions of right eous people for sevent y years, but when it is t ime t o
compile his will, he commit s inj ust ice. So his final work will be his worst , and he t hus ent ers
t he Fire. A man might perform t he deeds of evil people for sevent y years, yet he is fair in his
will. So his final work will be his best , and he t hus ent ers Paradise.) Abu Hurayrah said, "Read,
if you will,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやキ⊥ ヱ⊥ギェ

⊥ マ
∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ
(These are t he limit s (set by) Allah) unt il,
び∀リΒ͡ヰョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハぴ
(a disgraceful t orment .).'' In t he chapt er on inj ust ice in t he will, Abu Dawud recorded in his
Sunan t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
リ
∠ Βあわシ
͡ ぶ͡ やる͡ ハ
∠ ゅ∠トよ͡ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ モ
⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ャ∠ モ∠ィ ⊥ ゲｚャやラ
ｚま͡»
ヶ͡プラ ͡ やｚケゅ∠ツΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⇔るレ∠ シ ∠
«ケゅｚレャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ャょ ⊥ イ ͡ わ∠ プ∠ ∩͡る⇒ｚΒタ
͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャや
(A man or a woman might perform act ions in obedience t o Allah for sixt y years. Yet , when t hey
are near deat h, t hey leave an unfair will and t hus acquire t he Fire.) Abu Hurayrah t hen recit ed
t he Ayah,
びケｙべ∠ツョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ リ
(Aft er payment of legacies he (or she) may have bequeat hed or debt s, so t hat no loss is
caused), unt il,
びユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャやコ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャやマ

∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱぴ
(and t hat is t he great success.) This was also recorded by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah, and At -
Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib''.
∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇ゼわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあリ͡ョる∠ ゼ ∠エ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやリ ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャや∠ヱぴ
ヴ͡プリｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョある⇔ バ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ リｚヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやリ
ｚワ⊥ ゅｚプ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α ヴｚわェ ∠ れ
͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャや
ゅ∠よゅ∠ゎラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ⊥クゅ∠⇒∠プ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョゅ∠ヰレ͡ ⇒∠Βゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ
∠ や∠グヤｚャや∠ヱ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠
ゅ⇔よやヲｚゎ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ゅ∠エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚ
(15. And t hose of your women who commit illegal sexual int ercourse, t ake t he evidence of four
wit nesses from among you against t hem; and if t hey t est ify, confine t hem (i.e. women) t o
houses unt il deat h comes t o t hem or Allah ordains for t hem some (ot her) way.) (16. And t he
t wo persons among you who commit illegal sexual int ercourse, punish t hem bot h. And if t hey
repent and do right eous good deeds, leave t hem alone. Surely, Allah is Ever t he One Who
accept s repent ance, (and He is) Most Merciful.)
The Adulteress is Confined in her House; A Command Later

Abrogated
At t he begining of Islam, t he ruling was t hat if a woman commit s adult ery as st ipulat ed by
sufficient proof, she was confined t o her home, wit hout leave, unt il she died. Allah said,
びる∠ ゼ
∠エ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやリ
∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャや∠ヱぴ
ゅルゴャやヶレバΑ
ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョある⇔ バ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ リ
ｚヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ∇ゼわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあリ͡ョぴ
ｚリワ⊥ ゅｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡プリｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ムジ ͡ ∇ョほ∠プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ͡ヰ∠セ
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや
(And t hose of your women who commit illegal sexual int ercourse, t ake t he evidence of four
wit nesses from among you against t hem; and if t hey t est ify, confine t hem (i.e. women) t o
houses unt il deat h comes t o t hem or Allah ordains for t hem some (ot her) way.) ` Some ot her
way' ment ioned here is t he abrogat ion of t his ruling t hat came lat er. Ibn ` Abbas said, "The
early ruling was confinement , unt il Allah sent down Surat An-Nur (chapt er 24) which abrogat ed
t hat ruling wit h t he ruling of flogging (for fornicat ion) or st oning t o deat h (for adult ery).''
Similar was report ed from ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Abu Salih,
Qat adah, Zayd bin Aslam and Ad-Dahhak, and t his is a mat t er t hat is agreed upon. Imam Ahmad
recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "When t he revelat ion descended upon t he Messenger
of Allah , it would affect him and his face would show signs of st rain. One day, Allah sent down
a revelat ion t o him, and when t he Messenger was relieved of it s st rain, he said,
ょ⊥ Βあんｚャや ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡らシ
∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠ バ∠ ィ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ヶあレハ ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥»
ユ∀ ∇ィケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃るも∠ ゅ͡ョギ⊥ ∇ヤィ
∠ ょ⊥ Βあ ⇒⇒ｚんャや ∩͡ゲ∇ムら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よゲ⊥ ∇ムら͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ょΒあんｚャゅ͡よ
«る∠レシ ∠ ヶ ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ｚユを⊥ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ョギ⊥ ∇ヤィ
∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ムら͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡りケ∠ ゅ∠イエ
͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ
(Take from me: Allah has made some ot her way for t hem. The married wit h t he married, t he
unmarried wit h t he unmarried. The married get s a hundred lashes and st oning t o deat h, while
t he unmarried get s a hundred lashes t hen banishment for a year.)'' Muslim and t he collect ors of
t he Sunan recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said t hat t he Prophet said,
∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡らシ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ぶ
⊥ やモ∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩ヶあレハ ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ヶあレハ ∠ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥»
ょ
⊥ Βあんｚャや∠ヱ ∩∃ュゅ∠ハょ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇ピゎ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ も∠ ゅ͡ョギ⊥ ∇ヤィ
∠ ゲ͡ ∇ムら͡ ∇ャゅ͡よゲ⊥ ∇ムら͡ ∇ャや
«ユ∇ィゲｚャや∠ヱる∃ も∠ ゅ͡ョギ⊥ ∇ヤィ
∠ ょ ͡ Βあんｚャゅ͡よ
(Take from me, t ake from me. Allah has made some ot her way for t hem: t he (unmarried) get s
a hundred lashes and banishment for one year, while t he (married) get s a hundred lashes and
st oning t o deat h.) At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Allah said,
びゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ⊥クゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョゅ∠ヰレ͡ ⇒∠Βゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ

∠ や∠グヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And t he t wo persons among you who commit illegal sexual int ercourse, punish t hem bot h.) Ibn
` Abbas and Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat t his punishment includes cursing, shaming t hem and
beat ing t hem wit h sandals. This was t he ruling unt il Allah abrogat ed it wit h flogging or st oning,
as we st at ed. Muj ahid said, "It was revealed about t he case of t wo men who do it .'' As if he was
referring t o t he act ions of t he people of Lut , and Allah knows best . The collect ors of Sunan
recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∩∃ヅヲ⊥ャュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ モ

∠ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ モ
⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
«ヮ͡よメ ∠ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱモ∠ハ
͡ ゅ∠ヘ∇ャや
(Whoever you cat ch commit t ing t he act of t he people of Lut (homosexualit y), t hen kill bot h
part ies t o t he act .) Allah said,
びゅ∠エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠よゅ∠ゎラ͡みプ∠ ぴ

(And if t hey repent and do right eous good deeds), by refraining from t hat evil act , and
t hereaft er t heir act ions become right eous,
びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(leave t hem alone), do not verbally abuse t hem aft er t hat , since he who t ruly repent s is j ust
like he who has no sin,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚゅ⇔よやｚヲゎ∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, Allah is Ever t he One Who accept s repent ance, Most Merciful.) The following is
recorded in t he Two Sahihs:
∇ゆゲあん∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ｚギエ

∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ワ∇ギヤ͡∇イΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∇ユミ⊥ ͡ギ∠ェ∠ぺる⊥ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ろル∠ コ∠ や∠クま͡»
«ゅヰ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
(When t he slave-girl of one of you commit s illegal sexual int ercouse, let him flog her and not
chast ise her aft erwards. ) because t he lashes she receives erase t he sin t hat she has
commit t ed.
￢∠ ヲぁジャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚわャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ょ
∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ リ͡ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ る∃ ヤ∠⇒∠ヰイ ∠ よ͡
る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚわャやろ ͡ ジ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ツ
∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ ͡ろ⇒∠ゃΒあジｚャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡
ラ∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠Ι ｘやろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ヴあルま͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホれ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギ∠わ∇ハ∠ぺマ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠
(17. Allah accept s only t he repent ance of t hose who do evil in ignorance and foolishness and
repent soon aft erwards ; it is t hey t o whom Allah will forgive and Allah is Ever All-Knower,
All-Wise.) (18. And of no effect is t he repent ance of t hose who cont inue t o do evil deeds unt il
deat h faces one of t hem and he says: "Now I repent ;'' nor of t hose who die while t hey are
disbelievers. For t hem, We have prepared a painful t orment .)
Repentance is Accepted Until one Faces death

Allah st at es t hat He accept s repent ance of t he servant who commit s an error in ignorance and
t hen repent s, even j ust before he sees t he angel who capt ures t he soul, before his soul reaches
his t hroat . Muj ahid and ot hers said, "Every person who disobeys Allah by mist ake, or
int ent ionally is ignorant , unt il he refrains from t he sin.'' Qat adah said t hat Abu Al-` Aliyah
narrat ed t hat t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah used t o say, "Every sin t hat t he servant
commit s, he commit s out of ignorance.'' ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat , Ma` mar said t hat
Qat adah said t hat , t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah agreed t hat every sin t hat is
commit t ed by int ent ion or ot herwise, is commit t ed in ignorance.'' Ibn Jurayj said, "Abdullah bin
Kat hir narrat ed t o me t hat Muj ahid said, ` Every person who disobeys Allah (even willfully), is
ignorant while commit t ing t he act of disobedience.''' Ibn Jurayj said, "` At a' bin Abi Rabah t old
me somet hing similar.'' Abu Salih said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed, "It is because of one's
ignorance t hat he commit s t he error.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about
t he Ayah,
びょ
∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ リ͡ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
(and repent soon (aft erwards)), "Unt il j ust before he (or she) looks at t he angel of deat h.'' Ad-
Dahhak said, "Every t hing before deat h is ` soon aft erwards .''' Al-Hasan Al-Basri said about t he
Ayah,
びょ
∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ リ͡ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
(and repent soon aft erwards), "Just before his last breat h leaves his t hroat .'' ` Ikrimah said, "All
of t his life is ` soon aft erwards .''' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he
Messenger said,
«ゲ͡ビ∇ゲピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ゅョ∠ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャやる∠ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ

⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ぶ
∠ やラ
ｚま͡»
(Allah accept s t he repent ance of t he servant as long as t he soul does not reach t he t hroat .)
This Hadit h was also collect ed by At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan
Gharib''. By mist ake, Ibn Maj ah ment ioned t hat t his Hadit h was narrat ed t hrough ` Abdullah bin
` Amr. However, what is correct is t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab was t he narrat or.
Allah said,
ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやゆ
⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠
(It is t hey t o whom Allah will forgive and Allah is Ever All-Knower, All-Wise.) Surely, when hope
in cont inued living diminishes, t he angel of deat h comes fort h and t he soul reaches t he t hroat ,
approaches t he chest and arrives at t he st at e where it is being gradually pulled out , t hen t here
is no accept ed repent ance, nor a way out of t hat cert ain end. Hence Allah's st at ement s,
や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ
∠ ろ
͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあジ
ｚャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α リ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ る⊥ よ∠ ∇ヲｚわャやろ͡ ジ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
∠Ι
ｘやろ ⊥ ∇らゎ⊥ ヴあルま͡ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホれ
⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ ェ∠ ぺ∠ ゲ∠ ツ
∠ ェ ∠
(And of no effect is t he repent ance of t hose who cont inue t o do evil deeds unt il deat h faces
one of t hem and he says: "Now I repent ,'') and,
びロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠レシ

∠ ∇ほよ∠ ∇や∇ヱぺ∠ケ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
(So when t hey saw Our punishment , t hey said: "We believe in Allah Alone...'') 40:84 Allah
decided t hat repent ance shall not be accept ed from t he people of t he eart h when t he sun rises
from t he west , as Allah said,
ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ ノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α Ι
∠ マ∠ よあケ∠ ろ
͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ヂ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
ヴ͡プ ∇ろら∠ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ モ
⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろレ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヰル⊥ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま
びや⇔ゲ∇Βカ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡ま
(The day t hat some of t he signs of your Lord do come, no good will it do t o a person t o believe
t hen, if he believed not before, nor earned good t hrough his fait h.) 6:158 . oAllah said,
び∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ リ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor of t hose who die while t hey are disbelievers.) Consequent ly, when t he disbeliever dies
while st ill a disbeliever and polyt heist , his sorrow and repent ance shall not avail him. If he
were t o ransom himself, even wit h t he eart h's fill of gold, it will not be accept ed from him. Ibn
` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said t hat t he Ayah:
び∀ケゅｚヘミ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ リ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor of t hose who die while t hey are disbelievers), was revealed about t he people of Shirk.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Usamah bin Salman said t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
ノ͡ ボ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ∇らハ

∠ る∠ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ モ
⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ぶ
∠ やラ
ｚま͡»
«ゆゅ∠イエ͡ ∇ャや
(Allah accept s t he repent ance of His servant , or forgives His servant , as long as t he veil does
not drop.) They asked, "And what does t he drop of t he veil mean '' He said,
«る∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ヶ
∠ ワ͡ ヱ∠ ザ
⊥ ∇ヘｚレャやァ
∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠»
(When t he soul is removed while one is a polyt hiest .) Allah t hen said,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(For t hem We have prepared a painful t orment ), t orment t hat is severe, et ernal and enormous.
￢∠ べ∠ジレあャや ∇やヲ⊥をゲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モぁエ

͡ Α∠ Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
べ∠ョヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グわ∠ ャ͡ リｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤツ
⊥ ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠
る∃ レ∠ Βあら∠ ョぁる∃ ゼ
∠ェ ͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ リ∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚま͡ リｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢
ヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ リｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ワ͡ゲ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よリｚワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲセ ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠
- や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ
∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムョｚァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ メ ∠ や∠ギ∇らわ͡ ∇シやユ⊥ ゎぁ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ト∇レホ͡ ｚリワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡
ヴ∠ツ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ブ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥
- ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠んΒあョユ⊥ムレ͡ョラ ∠ ∇グカ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠
∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ウ ∠ ム∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ゼ∠エ ͡ ⇒∠プラ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ブ∠ ヤ∠シ
∠
(19. O you who believe! You are not permit t ed t o inherit women against t heir will, nor t o
prevent t hem from marriage in order t o get part of (t he dowry) what you have given t hem,
unless t hey commit open Fahishah. And live wit h t hem honorably. If you dislike t hem, it may be
t hat you dislike a t hing and Allah brings t hrough it a great deal of good.) (20. But if you int end
t o replace a wife by anot her and you have given one of t hem a Qint ar, t ake not t he least bit of
it back; would you t ake it wrongfully wit hout a right and (wit h) a manifest sin) (21. And how
could you t ake it (back) while you have gone in unt o each ot her, and t hey have t aken from you
a firm and st rong covenant ) (22. And marry not women whom your fat hers married, except
what has already passed; indeed it was shameful and Maqt an, and an evil way.)
Meaning of ` Inheriting Women Against Their Will

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t he Ayah,
￢∠ べ∠ジレあャや ∇やヲ⊥をゲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ

ぁエ
͡ Α∠ Ι
びゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠
(O you who believe! You are not permit t ed t o inherit women against t heir will,) "Before, t he
pract ice was t hat when a man dies, his male relat ives used t o have t he right t o do what ever
t hey want ed wit h his wife. If one of t hem want s, he would marry her, give her in marriage, or
prevent her from marriage, for t hey had more right t o her t han her own family. Thereaft er,
t his Ayah was revealed about t his pract ice,
￢∠ べ∠ジレあャや ∇やヲ⊥をゲ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ
ぁエ
͡ Α∠ Ι
びゅ⇔ワ∇ゲミ∠
(O you who believe! You are not permit t ed t o inherit women against t heir will).''
Women Should not Be Treated with Harshness

Allah said,
びリ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢べ∠ョヂ
͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥らワ∠ ∇グわ∠ ャ͡ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤツ
⊥ ∇バ∠ゎ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor t o prevent t hem from marriage, in order t o t ake part of what you have given t hem,) Allah
commands: Do not t reat t he woman harshly so t hat she gives back all or part of t he dowry t hat
she was given, or forfeit s one of her right s by means of coercion and oppression. Allah's
st at ement ,
びる∃ レ∠ Βあら∠ ョぁる∃ ゼ
∠ェ
͡ ゅ∠ヘよ͡ リ
∠ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(unless t hey commit open Fahishah.) Ibn Mas` ud, Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Ash-
Sha` bi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Muhammad bin Sirin, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a' Al-
Khurasani, Ad-Dahhak, Abu Qilabah, Abu Salih, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam and Sa` id bin Abi Hilal
said t hat t his refers t o illicit sex. Meaning t hat if t he wife commit s adult ery, you are allowed t o
t ake back t he dowry you gave her. You are also allowed t o annoy her, unt il she gives back t he
dowry in ret urn for a Khula` .'' In Surat Al-Baqarah, Allah said,
Ι
ｚま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢べｚヨョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ
ぁエ͡ Α∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやキ∠ ヱ⊥ギェ
⊥ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ Ι ｚぺ∠ べ∠プゅ∠ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ
(And it is not lawful for you (men) t o t ake back (from your wives) any of what you have given
t hem, except when bot h part ies fear t hat t hey would be unable t o keep t he limit s ordained by
Allah) 2:229 . Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ikrimah and Ad-Dahhak said t hat Fahishah refers t o disobedience
and defiance. Ibn Jarir chose t he view t hat it is general, encompasses all t hese meanings,
adult ery, disobedience, defiance, rudeness, and so fort h. Meaning t hat he is allowed t o annoy
his wife when she does any of t hese act s unt il she forfeit s all or part of her right s and he t hen
separat es from her, and t his view is good, and Allah knows best .
Live With Women Honorably

Allah said,
びフ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よリ
ｚワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲセ
͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ぴ
(And live wit h t hem honorably), by saying kind words t o t hem, t reat ing t hem kindly and making
your appearance appealing for t hem, as much as you can, j ust as you like t he same from t hem.
Allah said in anot her Ayah,
びフ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よリ
∠ ン͡グャｚやモ
⊥ ∇んョ͡ リ
ｚヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey have right s similar over t hem t o what is reasonable) 2:228 . The Messenger of Allah
said,
«ヶ͡ヤ∇ワ∠ほ͡ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ

∠ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡∇ワほ∠ャ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠»
(The best among you is he who is t he best wit h his family. Verily, I am t he best one among you
wit h my family.) It was t he pract ice of t he Messenger of Allah t o be kind, cheerful, playful wit h
his wives, compassionat e, spending on t hem and laughing wit h t hem. The Messenger used t o
race wit h ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he Fait hful, as a means of kindness t o her. ` A'ishah said,
"The Messenger of Allah raced wit h me and I won t he race. This occurred before I gained
weight , and aft erwards I raced wit h him again, and he won t hat race. He said,
«マ∇ヤわ͡ よ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ»
(This vict ory is for t hat vict ory .)'' When t he Prophet was at t he home of one of his wives,
somet imes all of his wives would meet t here and eat t oget her, and t hey would t hen go back t o
t heir homes. He and his wife would sleep in t he same bed, he would remove his upper
garment , sleeping in only his lower garment . The Prophet used t o t alk t o t he wife whose night
it was, aft er praying ` Isha' and before he went t o sleep. Allah said,
びる∀ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ
∠ ∀り∠ヲ∇シぺ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやメ
͡ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ
(Indeed in t he Messenger of Allah you have a good example t o follow) 33:21 . Allah said,
モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ワ͡ゲ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
(If you dislike t hem, it may be t hat you dislike a t hing and Allah brings t hrough it a great deal
of good.) Allah says t hat your pat ience, which is demonst rat ed by keeping wives whom you
dislike, carries good rewards for you in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on
t his Ayah, "That t he husband may feel compassion t owards his wife and Allah gives him a child
wit h her, and t his child carries t remendous goodness.'' An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,
∩ゅ⇔ボヤ⊥カ
⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ テ
∠ガ͡シ
∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩⇔るレ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇ポゲ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
«ゲ∠カへゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヶ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠
(No believing man should hat e his believing wife. If he dislikes a part of her conduct , he would
surely like anot her.)
The Prohibition of Taking Back the Dowry

Allah said,
∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ ラ∠ ゅ∠ムョｚァ ∃ ∇ヱコ∠ メ ∠ や∠ギ∇らわ͡ ∇シやユ⊥ ゎぁ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ
⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ∠ プ∠ や⇔ケゅ∠ト∇レホ͡ ｚリワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥
(But if you int end t o replace a wife by anot her and you have given one of t hem a Qint ar, t ake
not t he least bit of it back; would you t ake it wrongfully wit hout a right and (wit h) a manifest
sin) The Ayah commands: When one of you want s t o divorce a wife and marry anot her one, he
must not t ake any port ion of t he dowry he gave t o t he first wife, even if it were a Qint ar of
money. We ment ioned t he meaning of Qint ar in t he Tafsir of Surah Al ` Imran. This Ayah is clear
in it s indicat ion t hat t he dowry could be subst ant ial. ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab used t o discourage
giving a large dowry, but lat er on changed his view. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Al-` Aj fa'
As-Sulami said t hat he heard ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab saying, "Do not exaggerat e wit h t he dowry
of women, had t his pract ice been an honor in t his world or a part of Taqwa, t hen t he Prophet
would have had more right t o pract ice it t han you. The Messenger of Allah never gave any of
his wives, nor did any of his daught ers receive a dowry more t han t welve Uwqiyah. A man used
t o pay a subst ant ial dowry and t hus conceal enmit y t owards his wife!'' Ahmad and t he collect ors
of Sunan collect ed t his Hadit h t hrough various chains of narrat ion, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan
Sahih''. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya` la recorded t hat Masruq said, "` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab st ood up on t he
Minbar of t he Messenger of Allah and said, ` O people! Why do you exaggerat e concerning t he
dowry given t o women The Messenger of Allah and his Companions used t o pay up t o four
hundred Dirhams for a dowry, or less t han t hat . Had paying more for a dowry been a part of
Taqwa or an honor, you would not have led t hem in t his pract ice. Therefore, I do not want t o
hear about a man who pays more t han four hundred Dirhams for a dowry.' He t hen went down
t he Minbar, but a woman from Quraysh said t o him, ` O Leader of t he Fait hful! You prohibit ed
people from paying more t han four hundred Dirhams in a dowry for women' He said, ` Yes.' She
said, ` Have you not heard what Allah sent down in t he Qur'an' He said, ` Which part of it ' She
said, ` Have you not heard Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔ケゅ∠ト∇レホ͡ ｚリワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ
(And you have given one of t hem a Qint ar)' He said, ` O Allah! Forgive me...' He t hen went back
and st ood up on t he Minbar saying, ` I had prohibit ed you from paying more t han four hundred
Dirhams in a dowry for women. So, let everyone pay what he likes from his money.''' The chain
of narrat ion for t his Hadit h is st rong.
びヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ
⊥ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇プぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥グカ
⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And how could you t ake it (back) while you have gone in unt o each ot her) how can you t ake
back t he dowry from t he woman wit h whom you had sexual relat ions and she had sexual
relat ions wit h you Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, As-Suddi and several ot hers said t hat t his means sexual
int ercourse. The Two Sahihs record t hat t he Messenger of Allah said t hree t imes t o t he spouses
who said t he Mula` anah;
«∨∀ょも͡ ゅ∠ゎゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ∩∀ゆク͡ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ヨミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ

∠ ぺ∠ ラ
ｚぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ぶ
⊥ や»
(Allah knows t hat one of you is a liar, so would any of you repent ) The man said, "O Messenger
of Allah! My money,'' referring t o t he dowry t hat he gave his wife. The Messenger said,
ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ろ∠ ∇ホギ∠ タ
∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ∩∠マャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ャ»
ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ろ ∠ ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ ろ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ͡ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ヤヤ∠∇エわ∠ ∇シや
«ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ギ⊥ バ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠
(You have no money. If you are t he one who said t he t rut h, t he dowry is in ret urn for t he right
t o have sexual int ercourse wit h her. If you are t he one who ut t ered t he lie, t hen t his money is
even fart her from your reach.) Similarly Allah said;
ヂ
⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ
∠ ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠んΒあョユ⊥ムレ͡ョラ ∠ ∇グカ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠
(And how could you t ake it (back) while you have gone in unt o each ot her and t hey have t aken
from you a firm and st rong covenant ) (Be kind wit h women, for you have t aken t hem by Allah's
covenant and earned t he right t o have sexual relat ions wit h t hem by Allah's Word.)
Marrying the Wife of the Father is Prohibited

Allah said,
び￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ウ
∠ ム∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And marry not women whom your fat hers married,) Allah prohibit s marrying t he women whom
t he fat her married, in honor and respect t o t he fat hers, not allowing t heir children t o have
sexual relat ions wit h t heir wives aft er t hey die. A woman becomes ineligible for t he son of her
husband as soon as t he marriage cont ract is conduct ed, and t here is a consensus on t his ruling.
Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o
prohibit what Allah prohibit s (concerning marriage), except marrying t he st epmot her and
t aking t wo sist ers as rival wives. Allah sent down,
∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ウ
∠ ム∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And marry not women whom your fat hers married,) and,
びリ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇カΙ
ｙやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
(and t wo sist ers in wedlock at t he same t ime) 4:23 .'' Similar was report ed from ` At a' and
Qat adah. Therefore, t he pract ice t hat t he Ayah ment ions is prohibit ed for t his Ummah, being
disgraced as an awful sin, r
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ゼ
∠エ
͡ ⇒∠プラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ
(Indeed it was shameful and Maqt an, and an evil way.) Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
びリ
∠ト
∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ
∠ ゅ∠ョズ
∠ ェ
͡ ヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Come not near t o Al-Fawahish (shameful act s) whet her commit t ed openly or secret ly) 6:151 ,
and,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ る⇔ ゼ
∠ェ
͡ ゅ∠プラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヴ∠ルゴあャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And come not near t o unlawful sex. Verily, it is a Fahishah and an evil way.) 17:32 In t his
Ayah (4:22), Allah added,
びゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and Maqt an), meaning, offensive. It is a sin it self and causes t he son t o hat e his fat her aft er
he marries his wife. It is usual t hat whoever marries a woman dislikes t hose who married her
before him. This is one reason why t he Mot hers of t he Fait hful were not allowed for anyone in
marriage aft er t he Messenger . They are indeed t he Mot hers of t he Fait hful since t hey married
t he Messenger , who is like t he fat her t o t he believers. Rat her, t he Prophet 's right is far great er
t han t he right of a fat her, and his love comes before each person loving himself, may Allah's
peace and blessings be on him. ` At a' bin Abi Rabah said t hat t he Ayah,
びゅ⇔わ∇ボョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and Maqt an), means, Allah will hat e him,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ぴ
(and an evil way), for t hose who t ake t his way. Therefore, t hose who commit t his pract ice will
have commit t ed an act of reversion from t he religion and deserve capit al punishment and
confiscat ion of t heir propert y, which will be given t o t he Muslim Treasury. Imam Ahmad and
t he collect ors of Sunan recorded t hat Al-Bara' bin ` Azib said t hat his uncle Abu Burdah was sent
by t he Messenger of Allah t o a man who married his st epmot her t o execut e him and confiscat e
his money.
∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあェ ⊥ぴ
ろ͡ ∇カΙ ｙやれ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ォ ͡Ι ｘやれ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠カヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒ｚヨハ ∠ ヱ∠
リ∠ ョあユ⊥ムゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇バッ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡ゎΚ ｚ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ヱ∠
ヴ͡プヴ͡わ⇒ヤｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ヱ∠ る͡ ハ ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚャや
∇ユャｚラ͡みプ∠ リｚヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ
∠ キ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあリあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ ⊥
モ⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ
⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リｚヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ∠ キ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠
リ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠
や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ブ∠ ヤ∠シ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚま∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇カΙｙや
(23. Forbidden t o you (for marriage) are: your mot hers, your daught ers, your sist ers, your
fat her's sist ers, your mot her's sist ers, your brot her's daught ers, your sist er's daught ers, your
fost er mot hers who suckled you, your fost er milk suckling sist ers, your wives' mot hers, your
st epdaught ers under your guardianship, born of your wives unt o whom you have gone in -- but
t here is no sin on you if you have not gone in unt o t hem (t o marry t heir daught ers), -- t he wives
of your sons who (spring) from your own loins, and t wo sist ers in wedlock at t he same t ime,
except for what has already passed; verily, Allah is Oft - Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
Degrees of Women Never Eligible for One to Marry

This honorable Ayah is t he Ayah t hat est ablishes t he degrees of women relat ives who are never
eligible for one t o marry, because of blood relat ions, relat ions est ablished by suckling or
marriage. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "(Allah said) I have prohibit ed for you
seven t ypes of relat ives by blood and seven by marriage.'' Ibn ` Abbas t hen recit ed t he Ayah,
び∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあェ
⊥ぴ
(Forbidden t o you (for marriage) are: your mot hers, your daught ers, your sist ers...) At -Tabari
recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Seven degrees of blood relat ion and seven degrees of marriage
relat ion are prohibit ed (for marriage).'' He t hen recit ed t he Ayah,
∇ユム⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあェ ⊥ぴ
びろ ͡ ∇カΙ ｙやれ
⊥ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ォ ͡Ι
ｘやれ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ⇒∠カヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒ｚヨハ
∠ ヱ∠
(Forbidden t o you (for marriage) are: your mot hers, your daught ers, your sist ers, your fat her's
sist ers, your mot her's sist ers, your brot her's daught ers, your sist er's daught ers) and t hese are
t he t ypes prohibit ed by blood relat ion.'' Allah's st at ement ,
リ
∠ ョあユ⊥ムゎ⊥ ヲ∠ カ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇バッ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヴ͡ゎΚ
ｚ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ わ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
びる͡ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚャや
(Your fost er mot hers who suckled you, your fost er milk suckling sist ers) means, j ust as your
mot her who bore you is prohibit ed for you in marriage, so is your mot her from suckling
prohibit ed for you. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah, t he Mot her of t he Fait hful,
«り∠キゅ∠ャヲ͡ ∇ャやュ⊥ あゲエ

∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョュ⊥ あゲエ
∠ ゎ⊥ る∠ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚャやラ
ｚま͡»
(Suckling prohibit s what birt h prohibit s.) In anot her narrat ion report ed by Muslim,
«ょ∠ジレｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョる͡ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ »
(Suckling est ablishes prohibit ed degrees j ust as blood does.)
` Suckling' that Establishes Prohibition for Marriage

Less t han five incident s of suckling will not est ablish prohibit ion for marriage. In his Sahih,
Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Among t he part s of t he Qur'an t hat were revealed, is t he
st at ement , ` Ten incident s of suckling est ablishes t he prohibit ion (concerning marriage).' It was
lat er abrogat ed wit h five, and t he Messenger of Allah died while t his st at ement was st ill
recit ed as part of t he Qur'an.''' A Hadit h t hat Sahlah bint Suhayl narrat ed st at es t hat t he
Messenger of Allah ordered her t o suckle Salim t he freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah wit h five.'' We
should assert t hat t he suckling ment ioned here must occur before t he age of t wo, as we st at ed
when we explained t he Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah,
ラ∠ぺキ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ リ

͡ ∇Βヤ∠ョ͡ ゅ∠ミリ
͡ ∇Βャ∠∇ヲェ
∠ リ
ｚワ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ リ∠ ∇バッ
͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ぴ
びる∠ ハ∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚャやｚユわ͡ Α⊥
((The mot hers) should suckle t heir children for t wo whole years, (t hat is) for t hose (parent s)
who desire t o complet e t he t erm of suckling) 2:233 . The Mot her-in-Law and St epdaught er are
Prohibit ed in Marriage Allah said next ,
∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ
⊥ ヴ͡プヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ろ⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡みプ∠ リ
ｚヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ∠ キ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあリあョ
∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ
⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リｚヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ
∠ キ∠
(Your wives' mot hers, your st epdaught ers under your guardianship, born of your wives unt o
whom you have gone in - but t here is no sin on you if you have not gone in unt o t hem,) As for
t he mot her of t he wife, she becomes prohibit ed for marriage for her son-in-law when t he
marriage is conduct ed, whet her t he son-in-law has sexual relat ions wit h her daught er or not .
As for t he wife's daught er, she becomes prohibit ed for her st epfat her when he has sexual
relat ions wit h her mot her, aft er t he marriage cont ract is rat ified. If t he man divorces t he
mot her before having sexual relat ions wit h her, he is allowed t o marry her daught er. So Allah
said;
ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあリあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ ⊥ ヴ͡プヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
ゥ
∠ ゅ∠レィ
⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ リｚヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ
∠ キ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡みプ∠ リ
ｚヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ∠ キ∠
び∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠
(Your st epdaught ers under your guardianship, born of your wives unt o whom you have gone in -
- but t here is no sin on you if you have not gone in unt o t hem,) t o marry t he st epdaught er.
The Stepdaughter is Prohibited in Marriage Even if She Was Not

Under the Guardianship of Her Stepfather
Allah said,
び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ
⊥ ヴ͡プヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(...your st epdaught ers under your guardianship,) The maj orit y of scholars st at e t hat t he
st epdaught er is prohibit ed in marriage for her st epfat her who consummat ed his marriage t o
her mot her whet her she was under his guardianship or not . The Two Sahih recorded t hat Umm
Habibah said, "O Messenger of Allah! Marry my sist er, t he daught er of Abu Sufyan (and in one
narrat ion ` Azzah bint Abu Sufyan).'' He said,
«マ͡ャクリ
∠ Βあらエ
͡ ゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぺ∠»
メゅホ ∩ヶわカぺゲ∃ Βカヶプヶレミケゅセリョょェぺヱ ∩るΒヤガヨよマャろジャ .ユバル :ろャゅホ ∨:
«ヶ͡ャモ
ぁエ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャマ
͡ ャ͡クラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ »
. メゅホ ∩るヨヤシヶよぺろレよウムレゎラぺギΑゲゎマルぺゐギエわルゅルみプ :ろャゅホ:
«る∠ヨヤ∠シ
∠ あュぺ⊥ ろ
∠ ∇レよ͡ »
メゅホ .ユバル :ろャゅホ ∨:
∇ろヤｚェ
∠ ゅ∠ョヵ͡ゲ∇イェ ͡ ヶ͡プヶ͡わら∠ Β͡よケ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚま͡»
ヶ͡レ∇わバ∠ ッ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∩͡るハ
∠ ゅ∠ッゲｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヶ͡カぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇レら͡ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚま͡ ∩ヶ͡ャ
ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ｚリム⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヶ
ｚヤ∠ハ
∠ リ
∠ ∇ッゲ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥るら∠ ∇Αヲ∠ を⊥ る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ
∠ ゅ∠よぺ∠ヱ∠
«リ⊥ムゎ͡ や∠ヲカ ∠ ぺ∠
("Do you like t hat I do t hat '' She said, "I would not give you up for anyt hing, but t he best of
whom I like t o share wit h me in t hat which is right eously good, is my sist er.'' He said, "That is
not allowed for me.'' She said, "We were t old t hat you want t o marry t he daught er of Abu
Salamah.'' He asked, "The daught er of Umm Salamah'' She said, "Yes.'' He said, "Even if she was
not my st epdaught er and under my guardianship, she is st ill not allowed for me because she is
my niece from suckling, for Thuwaybah suckled me and Abu Salamah. Therefore, do not offer
me t o marry your daught ers or sist ers. '') In anot her narrat ion from Al-Bukhari,
«ヶ͡ャ ∇ろヤｚェ
∠ ゅ∠ョる∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ
∠ ｚュぺ⊥ ∇ァヱｚゴ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヶあルま͡»
(Had I not married Umm Salamah, her daught er would not have been allowed for me anyway.)
Consequent ly, t he Messenger st at ed t hat his marriage t o Umm Salamah was t he real reason
behind t hat prohibit ion.
Meaning of ` gone in unto them

The Ayah cont inues,
びリ
ｚヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤカ
∠ キ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやぴ
(Your wives unt o whom you have gone in), meaning, had sexual relat ions wit h t hem, according
t o Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers.
Prohibiting the Daughter-in-Law for Marriage

Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ら͡ ⇒∠ヤ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ

∠ Α͡グャｚやユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ
⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(The wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins,) Therefore, you are prohibit ed t o
marry t he wives of your own sons, but not t he wives of your adopt ed sons, as adopt ion was
common pract ice in Jahiliyyah. Allah said,
Ι
∠ ∇ヴム∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヰム∠ ⇒∠レ∇ィヱｚコ∠ や⇔ゲ∠デヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ギ∇Α∠コヴ∠ツホ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ も͡ べ∠Βハ
͡ ∇キぺ∠ ァ
͡ や∠ヱ∇コぺ∠ ヴ͡プァ
∀ ゲ∠ ェ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠
(So when Zayd had accomplished his desire from her (i.e. divorced her), We gave her t o you in
marriage, so t hat (in fut ure) t here may be no difficult y t o t he believers in respect of (t he
marriage of) t he wives of t heir adopt ed sons when t he lat t er have no desire t o keep t hem (i.e.
t hey had divorced t hem).) 33:37 Ibn Jurayj said, "I asked ` At a' about Allah's st at ement ,

⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(The wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins,) He said, ` We were t old t hat when
t he Prophet married t he ex-wife of Zayd (who was t he Prophet 's adopt ed son before Islam
prohibit ed t his pract ice), t he idolat ors in Makkah crit icized him. Allah sent down t he Ayat :

⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(The wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins),
び∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠Βハ

͡ ∇キぺ∠ モ
∠ バ∠ ィ
(nor has He made your adopt ed sons your real sons.) 33:4 , and,
び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ィケあリ∂ョギ∃ ェ

∠ ぺ∠ べ∠よ∠ぺ ∀ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ラ
(Muhammad is not t he fat her of any of your men) 33:40 .''' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Al-
Hasan bin Muhammad said, "These Ayat are encompassing,
びユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ モ
⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤェ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(t he wives of your sons), and,
び∇ユム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジル͡ ろ
⊥ ⇒∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(your wives' mot hers). This is also t he explanat ion of Tawus, Ibrahim, Az-Zuhri and Makhul. It
means t hat t hese t wo Ayat encompass t hese t ypes of women, whet her t he marriage was
consummat ed or not , and t here is a consensus on t his ruling.
A Doubt and Rebuttal
Why is t he wife of one's son from suckling prohibit ed for him for marriage - t hat is, if she is no
longer married t o his son from suckling - as t he maj orit y of scholars st at e, alt hough t hey are
not relat ed by blood The answer is t he Prophet 's st at ement ,
«ょ∠ジレｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ョネ
͡ ゅ∠ッゲｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ュ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ »
(Suckling prohibit s what blood relat ions prohibit .)
The Prohibition of Taking Two Sisters as Rival Wives

Allah said,
びブ
∠ ヤ∠シ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι
ｚま∠ リ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ∇カΙ
ｙやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
(...and t wo sist ers in wedlock at t he same t ime, except for what has already passed;) The Ayah
commands: you are prohibit ed t o t ake t wo sist ers as rival wives, or rival female-servant s,
except for what had happened t o you during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, which We have forgiven
and erased. Therefore, no one is allowed t o t ake or keep t wo sist ers as rival wives, according
t o t he consensus of t he scholars of t he Companions, t heir followers, and t he Imams of old and
present . They all st at ed t hat t aking t wo sist ers as rival wives is prohibit ed, and t hat whoever
embraces Islam while married t o t wo sist ers at t he same t ime is given t he choice t o keep one
of t hem and divorce t he ot her. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ad-Dahhak bin Fayruz said t hat his
fat her said, "I embraced Islam while married t o t wo sist ers at t he same t ime and t he Prophet
commanded me t o divorce one of t hem.''
∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやょ ∠ ⇒∠わミ͡
ゅ∠ヨ∠プリ ∠ Β͡エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ
͡ ∇エョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠
る⇔ ツ∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シや
ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βッ ∠ や∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ る͡ ツ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや
(24. Also (forbidden are) women already married, except t hose (slaves) whom your right hands
possess. Thus has Allah ordained for you. All ot hers are lawful, provided you seek t hem (wit h a
dowry) from your propert y, desiring chast it y, not fornicat ion. So wit h t hose among t hem whom
you have enj oyed, give t hem t heir required due, but if you agree mut ually (t o give more) aft er
t he requirement (has been det ermined), t here is no sin on you. Surely, Allah is Ever All-
Knowing, All-Wise.)
Forbidding Women Already Married, Except for Female Slaves

Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ムヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ろ
⊥ ⇒∠レダ
∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(Also (forbidden are) women already married, except t hose whom your right hands possess.)
The Ayah means, you are prohibit ed from marrying women who are already married,
ｚま͡ぴ
(except t hose whom your right hands possess) except t hose whom you acquire t hrough war, for
you are allowed such women aft er making sure t hey are not pregnant . Imam Ahmad recorded
t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said, "We capt ured some women from t he area of Awt as who were
already married, and we disliked having sexual relat ions wit h t hem because t hey already had
husbands. So, we asked t he Prophet about t his mat t er, and t his Ayah was revealed, e
ｚま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ろ
⊥ ⇒∠レダ
(Also (forbidden are) women already married, except t hose whom your right hands possess).
Consequent ly, we had sexual relat ions wit h t hese women.'' This is t he wording collect ed by At -
Tirmidhi An-Nasa'i, Ibn Jarir and Muslim in his Sahih. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやょ
∠ ⇒∠わミ͡ ぴ
(Thus has Allah ordained for you) means, t his prohibit ion was ordained for you by Allah.
Therefore, adhere t o Allah's Book, do not t ransgress His set limit s, and adhere t o His legislat ion
and decrees.
The Permission to Marry All Other Women

Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ
ｚェ
͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(All ot hers are lawful) meaning, you are allowed t o marry women ot her t han t he prohibit ed
t ypes ment ioned here, as ` At a' and ot hers have st at ed. Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡レダ
͡ ∇エョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ
(provided you seek t hem (wit h a dowry) from your propert y, desiring chast it y, not fornicat ion,)
meaning, you are allowed t o use your money t o marry up t o four wives and for (t he purchase
of) as many female slaves as you like, all t hrough legal means,
びリ
∠ Β͡エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡レダ
͡ ∇エョぁぴ
((desiring) chast it y, not fornicat ion.) Allah's st at ement ,
ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
びる⇔ ツ
∠ Α͡ゲプ∠
(So wit h t hose among t hem whom you have enj oyed, give t hem t heir required due,) means, t o
enj oy t hem sexually, surrender t o t hem t heir right ful dowry as compensat ion. In ot her Ayat ,
Allah said,
びヂ
⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And how could you t ake it (back) while you have gone in unt o each ot her),
(And give t o t he women (whom you marry) t heir dowry wit h a good heart ), and,
∠ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢べｚヨョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ
⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ モ
ぁエ
͡ Α∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And it is not lawful for you (men) t o t ake back (from your wives) any of what (dowry) you gave
t hem)
Prohibiting the Mut` ah of Marriage
Muj ahid st at ed t hat ,
ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バわ∠ ∇ヨわ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
びる⇔ ツ
∠ Α͡ゲプ∠
(So wit h t hose among t hem whom you have enj oyed, give t hem t heir required due,) was
revealed about t he Mut ` ah marriage. A Mut ` ah marriage is a marriage t hat ends upon a
predet erminied dat e. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Leader of t he Fait hful ` Ali bin
Abi Talib said, "The Messenger of Allah prohibit ed Mut ` ah marriage and eat ing t he meat of
domest icat ed donkeys on t he day of Khaybar (bat t le).'' In addit ion, in his Sahih, Muslim
recorded t hat Ar-Rabi` bin Sabrah bin Ma` bad Al-Juhani said t hat his fat her said t hat he
accompanied t he Messenger of Allah during t he conquest of Makkah, and t hat t he Prophet said,
ネ
͡ ゅ∠わ∇ヨわ͡ ∇シΙやヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ルク͡ ぺ∠ ろ
⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ヶあルま͡ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠ ゅ∠Α»
ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡まマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぶ ∠ やラｚま∠ヱ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ジレあャやリ ∠ ョ͡
モあガ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セｚリヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ レ∠ ハ ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
«ゅ⇔ゃΒセリｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ へゅｚヨョ͡ やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∠ヤΒ͡ら∠シ
(O people! I allowed you t he Mut ` ah marriage wit h women before. Now, Allah has prohibit ed it
unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Therefore, anyone who has any women in Mut ` ah, let him let
t hem go, and do not t ake anyt hing from what you have given t hem.) Allah's st at ement ,
ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βッ

∠ や∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゥ
∠ ゅ∠レィ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びる͡ ツ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや
(but if you agree mut ually (t o give more) aft er t he requirement (has been det ermined), t here
is no sin on you.) is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,
(And give t o t he women t heir dowry wit h a good heart ). The meaning of t hese Ayat is: If you
have st ipulat ed a dowry for her, and she lat er forf eit s it , eit her t ot ally or part ially, t hen t his
bears no harm on you or her in t his case. Ibn Jarir said, "Al-Hadrami said t hat some men would
designat e a cert ain dowry, but t hen fall int o financial difficult ies. Therefore, Allah said t hat
t here is no harm on you, O people, concerning your mut ual agreement aft er t he requirement
(has been det ermined).'' meaning, if she gives up part of t he dowry, t hen you men are allowed
t o accept t hat . Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) is suit able here, aft er Allah ment ioned t hese
prohibit ions.
ウ
∠ ム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲデ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
リあョユ⊥ムレ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚョ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや
リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱろ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠
リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ リｚヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ラ ͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠
ろ
∃ ⇒∠エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ろ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エョ⊥ フ ͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥
リ
∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ｚリダ ͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ラ ∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ れ ͡ や∠グガ ͡ わｚョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
リ
∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ
∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ リｚヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ る∃ ゼ∠エ
͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡
ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ∠ レ∠ バ∠ ∇ャやヴ ∠ゼ ͡カ ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ͡ら∇ダ∠ゎ
(25. And whoever of you have not t he means wherewit h t o wed free believing women, t hey
may wed believing girls from among t hose whom your right hands possess, and Allah has full
knowledge about your fait h, you are one from anot her. Wed t hem wit h t he permission of t heir
own folk (guardians) and give t hem t heir due in a good manner; t hey should be chast e, not
fornicat ors, nor promiscuous. And aft er t hey have been t aken in wedlock, if t hey commit
Fahishah, t heir punishment is half t hat for free (unmarried) women. This is for him among you
who is afraid of being harmed in his religion or in his body; but it is bet t er for you t hat you
pract ice self-rest raint , and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
Marrying a Female Slave, if One Cannot Marry a Free Woman

Allah said, t hose who do not have,
びΙ
⇔ ∇ヲデ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョぴ
(t he means), financial capabilit y,
びろ
͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやろ
͡ ⇒∠レダ
∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやウ
∠ ム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺぴ
(Wherewit h t o wed free believing women) meaning, free fait hful, chast e women.
びろ
͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ リあョユ⊥ムレ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚョ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ
(They may wed believing girls from among t hose whom your right hands possess,) meaning,
t hey are allowed t o wed believing slave girls owned by t he believers.
びヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ツ
⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡みよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and Allah has full knowledge about your fait h; you are one from anot her.) Allah knows t he
t rue realit y and secret s of all t hings, but you people know only t he apparent t hings. Allah t hen
said,
びリ
ｚヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プぴ
(Wed t hem wit h t he permission of t heir own folk) indicat ing t hat t he owner is responsible for
t he slave girl, and consequent ly, she cannot marry wit hout his permission. The owner is also
responsible for his male slave and t hey cannot wed wit hout his permission. A Hadit h st at es,
«ゲ͡ワゅ∠ハヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮΒ͡ャや∠ヲョ∠ ラ
͡ ∇クま͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ァ
∠ ヱｚゴ∠ ゎ∠ ギ∃ ∇らハ
∠ ゅ∠ヨΑぁぺ∠»
(Any male slave who marries wit hout permission from his mast er, is a fornicat or.) When t he
owner of t he female slave is a female, t hose who are allowed t o give away t he free woman in
marriage, wit h her permission, become responsible for giving away her female slave in
marriage, as well. A Hadit h st at es t hat
ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠りぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやり⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやァ
͡ ヱあゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»
«ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ァ
⊥ あヱゴ∠ ゎ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚやヶ ∠ ワ͡ る∠ Β∠ ル͡ やｚゴャや
(The woman does not give away anot her woman, or herself in marriage, for only t he adult eress
gives herself away in marriage.) Allah's st at ement ,
びフ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ
(And give t hem t heir due in a good manner;) meaning, pay t hem t heir dowry wit h a good heart ,
and do not keep any of it , belit t ling t he mat t er due t o t he fact t hat t hey are owned slaves.
びろ⇒∠レダ
∠ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ
(t hey should be chast e) means, t hey are honorable women who do not commit adult ery, and
t his is why Allah said,
びろ
∃ ⇒∠エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ぴ
(not fornicat ors) referring t o dishonorable women, who do not refrain from illicit sexual
relat ions wit h t hose who ask. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he fornicat ing women are t he whores, who
do not obj ect t o having relat ions wit h whomever seeks it , while,
びラ
∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ れ
͡ や∠グガ
͡ わｚョ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor promiscuous. ) refers t o t aking boyfriends. Similar was said by Abu Hurayrah, Muj ahid,
Ash-Sha` bi, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, Yahya bin Abi Kat hir, Muqat il bin Hayyan and As-
Suddi.
The Slave Girl's Punishment for Adultery is Half that of a Free

Unmarried Woman
Allah said,
ゅ∠ョブ
⊥ ∇ダル͡ リ
ｚヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ る∃ ゼ
∠エ
͡ ⇒∠ヘよ͡ リ
∠ ∇Βゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ｚリダ
͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
び͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レダ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ∠
(And aft er t hey have been t aken in wedlock, if t hey commit Fahishah, t heir punishment is half
of t hat for free (unmarried) women.) t his is about t he slave women who got married, as
indicat ed by t he Ayah;
ウ
∠ ム͡ レ∠Α ラ∠ぺ Ι ⇔ ∇ヲデ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョ ∇ノト ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
リあョユ⊥ムレ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚョ ∇リヨ͡ プ∠ ろ
͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやろ
͡ ⇒∠レダ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや
びろ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠
(And whoever of you have not t he means wherewit h t o wed free believing women, t hey may
wed believing girls from among t hose whom your right hands possess,) Therefore, since t he
honorable Ayah is about believing slave girls, t hen,
びｚリダ
͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(And aft er t hey have been t aken in wedlock,) refers t o when t hey (believing slave girls) get
married, as Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers have said. Allah's st at ement ,
び͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ろ
͡ ⇒∠レダ
∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゅ∠ョブ
⊥ ∇ダル͡ ぴ
(t heir punishment is half of t hat for free (unmarried) women.) indicat es t hat t he t ype of
punishment prescribed here is t he one t hat can be reduced t o half, lashes in t his case, not
st oning t o deat h, and Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ
∠ レ∠ バ∠ ∇ャやヴ
∠ゼ
͡カ
∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
(This is for him among you who is afraid of being harmed in his religion or in his body;)
indicat es t hat marrying slave girls, providing one sat isfies t he required condit ions, is for t hose
who fear for t heir chast it y and find it hard t o be pat ient and refrain from sex. In t his difficult
circumst ance, one is allowed t o marry a slave girl. However, it is bet t er t o refrain from
marrying slave girls and t o observe pat ience, for ot herwise, t he offspring will become slaves t o
t he girl's mast er. Allah said,
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ダゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ

(but it is bet t er for you t hat you pract ice self-rest raint , and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most
Merciful.)
リ͡ョリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ
∠ レ∠ シ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ
∠ Βあら∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲわ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠
ラ
∠ Α͡グャｚやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゆ ∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ラ∠ぺギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥
ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇Βョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺれ ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ
ｚャや
びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ
∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηやペ ∠ ヤ͡カ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ブ∠ ヘあガ ∠ Α⊥
(26. Allah wishes t o make clear (what is lawful and what is unlawful) t o you, and t o show you
t he ways of t hose before you, and accept your repent ance, and Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.)
(27. Allah wishes t o accept your repent ance, but t hose who follow t heir lust s, wish t hat you
(believers) should deviat e t remendously away (from t he right pat h)) (28. Allah wishes t o light en
(t he burden) for you; and man was creat ed weak. ) Allah explains t o t he believers what He has
allowed and prohibit ed for t hem in t his and ot her Surahs,
び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョリ

∠ レ∠ シ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t o show you t he ways of t hose before you,) meaning t heir right eous ways and how t o
adhere t o t he commandment s t hat He likes and is pleased wit h.
∠ ゆ
∠ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and accept your repent ance) from sin and error,
び∀ユΒ͡ムェ
∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.) in His commands, decrees, act ions and st at ement s. Allah's
st at ement ,
Κ
⇔ ∇Βョ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヨゎ∠ ラ∠ぺれ
͡ ヲ∠ ヰ∠ ゼ
ｚャやラ
∠ Α͡グャｚやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠
(but t hose who follow t heir lust s, wish t hat you (believers) should deviat e t remendously away
from t he right pat h)) indicat es t hat t he followers of Shayt an among t he Jews, Christ ians and
t he adult erous, wish t hat you would t ake t he horrendous pat h of falsehood inst ead of t he
t rut h.
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ブ
∠ ヘあガ
∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ
(Allah wishes t o light en (t he burden) for you'') His legislat ion, orders, what He prohibit s and
what He decrees for you. This is why Allah has allowed free men t o marry slave girls under
cert ain condit ions, as Muj ahid and ot hers have st at ed.
∠ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηやペ
∠ ヤ͡カ
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and man was creat ed weak.) and t his is why it is suit able in his case t hat t he commands are
made easy for him, because of his weakness and feebleness. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Tawus
said t hat ,
∠ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηやペ
∠ ヤ͡カ
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and man was creat ed weak), "Concerning women''. Waki` said, "Man's mind leaves when
women are involved.''
∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあチ ∃ や∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ハり⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚま͡ モ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ
リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠
や⇔ケゅ∠ルヮ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ダル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠ヱ∇ギハ ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠
ゲ∠ も͡ べ∠らミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡ま - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠
∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤカ
͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ∠ ∇ゲヘあム∠ ル⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ∠ ラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ レ⊥ゎゅ∠ョ
びゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ Κ ⇔カ ∠ ∇ギョぁ
(29. O you who believe! Eat not up your propert y among yourselves unj ust ly except it be a
t rade amongst you, by mut ual consent . And do not kill yourselves (nor kill one anot her). Surely,
Allah is Most Merciful t o you.) (30. And whoever commit s t hat t hrough aggression and inj ust ice,
We shall cast him int o t he Fire, and t hat is easy for Allah.) (31. If you avoid t he great sins
which you are forbidden t o do, We shall remit from you your (small) sins, and admit you t o a
Noble Ent rance (i.e. Paradise).)
Prohibiting Unlawfully Earned Money

Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored, prohibit s His believing servant s from illegally acquiring
each ot her's propert y using various dishonest met hods such as Riba, gambling and ot her wicked
met hods t hat appear t o be legal, but Allah knows t hat , in realit y, t hose involved seek t o deal in
int erest . Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on a man who buys a garment , saying
t hat if he likes it he will keep it , or he will ret urn it along wit h an ext ra Dirham, "This is what
Allah meant , when He said, o
びモ
͡デ
͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Eat not up your propert y among yourselves unj ust ly.'') ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn
` Abbas said, "When Allah sent down,
∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι

びモ
͡ト
͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ
(O you who believe! Eat not up your propert y among yourselves unj ust ly) some Muslims said,
` Allah has forbidden us from eat ing up each ot her's propert y unj ust ly, and food is our best
propert y. Therefore, none among us is allowed t o eat from anyone else's food.' Aft er t hat Allah
sent down,
びァ
∀ ゲ∠ ェ
∠ ヴ∠ヨ∇ハΙ
ｘやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャｚぴ
(There is no rest rict ion on t he blind) (unt il t he end of t he Ayah). 24:61 .''' Qat adah said
similarly. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあチ
∃ や∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ハり⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(except it be a t rade amongst you, by mut ual consent .) means, do not revert t o illegal ways
and means t o acquire money. However, t here is no harm in commercial t ransact ions t hat
t ranspire bet ween t he buyer and t he seller wit h mut ual consent , so t hat money is legally
earned from t hese t ransact ions. Muj ahid said t hat ,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあチ
∃ や∠ゲゎ∠ リ∠ハり⇔ ゲ∠ ⇒∠イゎ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(except it be a t rade amongst you, by mut ual consent .) means, "By selling and buying, or giving
someone a gift .'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement .
The Option to Buy or Sell Before Parting, is Part of ` Mutual
Consent' in Trading
Mut ual agreement in various t ransact ions is at t ained when bot h part ies have t he right t o uphold
or dissolve t he agreement before t hey part . In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he
«ゅ∠ホゲｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョケ͡ ゅ∠Βガ

͡ ∇ャゅ͡よラ
͡ ゅ∠バΒあら∠ ∇ャや»
(The seller and t he buyer ret ain t he (right t o change t heir mind) as long as t hey have not
part ed.) Al-Bukhari's wording for t his Hadit h reads,
∩͡ケゅ∠Βガ
͡ ∇ャゅ͡よゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∃ ェ
͡ や∠ヱぁモム⊥ プ∠ ラ
͡ Κ⊥ィゲｚャやノ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠らゎ∠ や∠クま͡»
«ゅ∠ホゲｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ゅ∠ョ
(When t wo men conduct a t ransact ion, t hey ret ain t heir (right t o change t heir mind) as long as
t hey have not part ed.)
Forbidding Murder and Suicide

Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ジ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And do not kill yourselves.) by commit t ing Allah's prohibit ions, falling int o sin and eat ing up
each ot her's propert y unj ust ly,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, Allah is Most Merciful t o you.) in what He commanded you and prohibit ed you from.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Amr bin Al-` As said t hat when t he Prophet sent him for t he bat t le
of Dhat As-Salasil, "I had a wet dream during a very cold night and feared t hat if I bat hed, I
would die. So I performed Tayammum (wit h pure eart h) and led my company in t he Dawn
prayer. When I went back t o t he Messenger of Allah , I ment ioned what had happened t o me
and he said,
«ょ⊥レィ
⊥ ろ
∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ マ
∠ よ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タほ∠よ͡ ろ
∠ ∇Βヤｚタ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヨハ
∠ ゅ∠Α»
(O ` Amr! Have you led your people in prayer while you were in a st at e of sexual impurit y) I
said, 'O Messenger of Allah! I had a wet dream on a very cold night and feared t hat if I bat hed I
would perish, and I remembered Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ジ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And do not kill yourselves. Surely, Allah is Most Merciful t o you). So I performed Tayammum
and prayed.' The Messenger of Allah smiled and did not say anyt hing.'' This is t he narrat ion
report ed by Abu Dawud. Ibn Marduwyah ment ioned t his honorable Ayah and t hen report ed t hat
Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ほ⊥イ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ロ͡ギ∠Α ヶ͡プヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ギ∠ Α͡ギエ∠ プ∠ ∩∃りギ∠ Α͡ギエ

∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ モ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プや⇔ギヤｚガ ∠ ョ⊥ や⇔ギャ͡ゅ∠カ ∩∠ユレｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ルヶ͡プる͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇トよ
ロ⊥ ゅｚジエ ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プヮ⊥ ぁヨジ⊥ プ∠ ユ∠ ジ
⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ジ∠ ∇ヘル∠ モ
∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠
ンｚキゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プや⇔ギヤｚガ ∠ ョ⊥ や⇔ギャ͡ゅ∠カ ∩∠ユレｚヰ∠ ィ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ルヶ͡プ
∩∠ユレｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠ルヶ͡プキ∠ ゲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ルモ ∠ わ∠ボプ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ∠ ∇リョ͡
«や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プや⇔ギヤｚガ∠ ョ⊥ や⇔ギャ͡ゅ∠カ
(Whoever kills himself wit h an iron t ool, t hen his t ool will be in his hand and he will keep
st abbing himself wit h it in t he Fire of Jahannam, forever and ever. Whoever kills himself wit h
poison, t hen his poison will be in his hand and he will keep t aking it in t he Fire of Jahannam
forever and ever. Whoever kills himself by t hrowing himself from a mount ain, will keep falling
in t he Fire of Jahannam forever and ever.) This Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs.
Abu Qilabah said t hat Thabit bin Ad-Dahhak said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ

∠ グあハ
⊥ ∩∃￢∇ヶゼ
∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ モ
∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
(Whoever kills himself wit h an inst rument , will be punished wit h it on t he Day of Resurrect ion.)
This Hadit h was collect ed by t he Group. This is why Allah said,
びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ
⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルヱ∠ ∇ギハ
⊥ マ
∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever commit s t hat t hrough aggression and inj ust ice, ) meaning, whoever commit s
what Allah has forbidden for him t ransgression and inj ust ice - while knowing t hat it is forbidden
for him, yet he st ill dares t o commit it ,
びや⇔ケゅ∠ルヮ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ダル⊥ フ
∠ ∇ヲジ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(We shall cast him int o t he Fire,). This Ayah carries a st ern warning and a t rut hful promise.
Therefore, every sane person should beware of it , t hose who hear t he speech wit h full
comprehension.
Minor Sins Will be Pardoned if One Refrains from Major Sins

Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇ゲヘあム∠ ル⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ レ⊥ゎゅ∠ョゲ∠ も͡ べ∠らミ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ
び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠
(If you avoid t he great sins which you are forbidden t o do, We shall remit from you your (small)
sins,) meaning, if you avoid t he maj or evil deeds t hat you were prohibit ed We will forgive you
t he minor evil deeds and will admit you int o Paradise. This is why Allah said,
びゅ⇔ヨΑ͡ゲミ∠ Κ
⇔カ∠ ∇ギョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ヤカ
͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and admit you t o a Noble Ent rance (i.e. Paradise).) There are several Hadit hs on t he subj ect
of t his honorable Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Salman Al-Farisi said, "The Prophet said t o
me, ` Do you know what t he day of Al-Jumu` ah is' I said, ` It is t he day during which Allah
brought t oget her t he creat ion of your fat her (Adam).' He said,
モ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャやゲ⊥ ヰｚト ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ ⊥ ∇ャやュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゅ∠ョヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ»

ヴｚわェ ∠ ろ ⊥ ダ
͡ ∇レΒ⊥ プ∠ る∠ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ⊥ ∇ャやヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ロケ∠ ヲ⊥ヰデ ⊥ リ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠
ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ャ∠ り⇔ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミゅｚャま͡ ∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ョみ∇ャやヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠
«る∠ヤわ∠ ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャやろ ͡ ら∠ レ͡ わ⊥ ∇ィやゅ∠ョ ∩͡るヤ∠ら͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャやる͡ バ∠ ヨ⊥ イ
⊥ ∇ャやリ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠
(I know what t he day of Jumu` ah is. Anyone who t akes a bat h and cleans himself as much as he
can and t hen proceeds for t he Friday prayer and remains quiet unt il t he Imam finishes t he
prayer, all his sins in bet ween t he present and t he next Friday will be forgiven, as long as
maj or sins were avoided.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded similar wording from Salman Al-Farisi.
The Seven Destructive Sins

What are t he Seven Dest ruct ive Sins In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said
t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«れゅ∠ボよ͡ ヲ⊥ヨ∇ャやノ∠ ∇らジ

ｚャややヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィや»
(Avoid t he seven great dest ruct ive sins.) The people inquired, 'O Allah's Messenger! What are
t hey' He said,
ゅｚャま͡ ぶ
⊥ やュ∠ ゲｚェ ∠ ヶ͡わャｚやザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚャやモ⊥ ∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よポ⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや»
∩͡ユΒ͡わΒ∠ ∇ャやメ
͡ ゅ∠ョモ
⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅよ∠ ゲあャやモ
⊥ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲ∇エジあャや∠ヱ ∩あペエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
れ
͡ ゅ∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやフ ⊥ ∇グホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ブ∇ェゴｚャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶあャヲ∠ わｚャや∠ヱ
«れゅ∠ヤプ͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャやれ
͡ ゅ∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(To j oin ot hers in worship along wit h Allah, t o kill t he life which Allah has forbidden except for
a j ust cause, magic, t o consume Riba, t o consume an orphan's wealt h, t o t urn away from t he
enemy and flee from t he bat t lefield when t he bat t le begins, and t o accuse chast e women, who
never even t hink of anyt hing t hat would t arnish t heir chast it y and are good believers.) Anot her
Hadit h t hat ment ions False Wit ness Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "The
Messenger of Allah ment ioned t he maj or sins, or was asked about t he maj or sins. He said,
«リ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャやベ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボハ
⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ザ∇ヘレｚャやモ
⊥ ∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よポ
⊥ ∇ゲあゼャや»
(Associat ing ot hers wit h Allah in worship, killing t he life, and being undut iful t o t he parent s.)
He t hen said,
«∨͡ゲも͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャやゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠»

:
« ケ͡ ヱぁゴャやり⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ケ͡ ヱぁゴャやメ
⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ »
(Should I t ell you about t he biggest of t he maj or sins The false st at ement - or t he false
t est imony.)'' Shu` bah - one of t he narrat ors of t he Hadit h - said, "Most likely, in my opinion, he
said, ` False t est imony.''' The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h from Shu` bah from Anas. Anot her
Hadit h In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakrah said t hat his fat her
said, "The Prophet said,
«∨͡ゲも͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャやゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミほ∠よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠»
(Should I inform you about t he great est of t he great sins) We said, ` Yes, O Allah's Messenger !'
He said,
«リ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャやベ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボハ
⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よポ
⊥ や∠ゲ∇セみ͡ャや»
(To j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah and t o be undut iful t o one's parent s.) He was reclining,
t hen he sat up and said;
«ケヱぁゴャやメ
⊥ ∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩͡ケヱぁゴャやり⊥ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰセ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠»
(And I warn you against false t est imony and false speech.) and he cont inued repeat ing it unt il
we wished t hat he would st op.'' Anot her Hadit h t hat ment ions killing t he Offspring In t he Two
Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What is
t he great est sin' (in one narrat ion) t he biggest sin ' He said,
«マ∠ボヤ∠カ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ
͡ モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠»
(To make a rival for Allah while He Alone creat ed you.) I said, ` Then' He said,
«マ∠バョ∠ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ

∠ ポ
∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ
∠ わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠»
(To kill your offspring for fear t hat he might share your food wit h you. ) I said, ` Then' He said,
«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィる∠ ヤ∠Β͡ヤェ
∠ ヶ
∠ ル͡ や∠ゴゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠»
(To commit adult ery wit h your neighbor's wife.) He t hen recit ed,
びゲ∠ カ
∠ や∠￢ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやノ∠ ョ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι
∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ
(And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah), unt il,
びゆ
∠ ゅ∠ゎリ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Except t hose who repent ).'' Anot her Hadit h from ` Abdullah bin ` Amr Imam Ahmad recorded
t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Prophet said,
リ
͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ャやベ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボハ
⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶゅ͡よポ ⊥ や∠ゲ∇セみ͡ャや :ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャやゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠»
«サヲ⊥ヨピ∠ ∇ャやリ ⊥ Β͡ヨΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱポゅゼャやるらバセザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚャやモ ⊥ ∇わホ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠
(The great est sins are: To j oin ot hers in worship wit h Allah, t o be undut iful t o one's parent s - or
t o t ake a life) Shu` bah was uncert ain of which one - (and t he false oat h). Recorded by Al-
Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasai. Anot her Hadit h by ` Abdullah bin ` Amr about Causing one's
Parent s t o be Cursed ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«ヮ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヱモ
⊥ィ
⊥ ｚゲャやリ
∠ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャやゲ͡ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ
ｚま͡»
(Among t he worst of t he maj or sins is for a man t o curse his own parent s.) They said, "How can
one curse his own parent s'' He said,
ょ
ぁジ
⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩ロ⊥ ゅ∠よぺ∠ ょ
ぁジ
⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∩͡モィ
⊥ ゲｚャやゅ∠よ∠ぺモ
⊥ィ
⊥ ｚゲャやぁょジ ⊥ Α∠ »
«ヮｚョぺ⊥ ょ
ぁジ
⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥
(One curses anot her man's fat her, and t hat man curses his fat her in ret aliat ion, or he curses
someone's mot her and t hat man curses his mot her.) This is t he wording of Muslim. At -Tirmidhi
said, "Sahih.'' It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠わホ͡ ヱ∠ ∩∀ベヲ⊥ジプ⊥ ユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやゆ

⊥ ゅ∠らシ
͡»
(Cursing a Muslim is a sin and fight ing him is Kufr.)
ヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ツｚプ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヲレｚヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル￢͡ べ∠ジレあヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミやゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ルメ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあヤあャ
あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シや∠ヱリ ∠ ∇らジ ∠ わ∠ ∇ミや
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠
(32. And wish not for t he t hings in which Allah has made some of you t o excel ot hers. For men
t here is reward for what t hey have earned, (and likewise) for women t here is reward for what
t hey have earned, and ask Allah of His bount y. Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knower of everyt hing.)
Do Not Wish for the Things Which Allah has Made Some Others to
Excel In
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Salamah said, "O Messenger of Allah! Men go t o bat t le, but we
do not go t o bat t le, and we earn one-half of t he inherit ance (t hat men get ).'' Allah sent down,
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ
∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ツ
ｚプ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇や∇ヲレｚヨ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠
(And wish not for t he t hings in which Allah has made some of you t o excel ot hers). At -Tirmidhi
also recorded t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,
∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル￢͡ べ∠ジレあヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ

∠ わ∠ ∇ミやゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ルメ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあヤあャぴ
びリ
∠ ∇らジ
∠ わ∠ ∇ミやゅｚヨョあ
(For men t here is reward for what t hey have earned, (and likewise) for women t here is reward
for what t hey have earned,) indicat es, according t o Ibn Jarir, t hat each person will earn his
wages for his works, a reward if his deeds are good, and punishment if his deeds are evil. It was
also report ed t hat t his Ayah is t alking about inherit ance, indicat ing t he fact t hat each person
will get his due share of t he inherit ance, as Al-Walibi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. Allah t hen
direct ed t he servant s t o what benefit s t hem,
びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シや∠ヱぴ

(and ask Allah of His Bount y.)Therefore, t he Ayah st at es, "Do not wish for what ot her people
were endowed wit h over you, for t his is a decision t hat will come t o pass, and wishing does not
change it s decree. However, ask Me of My favor and I will grant it t o you, for I Am Most
Generous and Most Giving.'' Allah t hen said,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ
∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knower of everyt hing.) meaning, Allah knows who deserves t his life,
and so He gives him riches, and whoever deserves povert y, He makes him poor. He also knows
who deserves t he Hereaft er, and He direct s him t o perform t he deeds t hat will help him t o be
sucessful in it , and whoever deserves failure, He prevent s him from achieving right eousness
and what leads t o it . Hence, Allah said, m
∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, Allah is Ever All-Knower of everyt hing).
ラ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ
ｘや∠ヱラ ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャやポ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヴ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ モ
ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇れギ∠ ボ∠ ハ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ
びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ
(33. And t o everyone, We have appoint ed Mawali of t hat left by parent s and relat ives. To t hose
also wit h whom you have made a pledge (brot herhood), give t hem t heir due port ion (by wills).
Truly, Allah is Ever a Wit ness over all t hings.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Salih,
Qat adah, Zayd bin Aslam, As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak, Muqat il bin Hayyan, and ot hers said t hat Allah's
st at ement ,
びヴ
∠ ャ͡や∠ヲョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ モ
(And t o everyone, We have appoint ed Mawali) means, "Heirs.'' Ibn ` Abbas was also report ed t o
have said t hat Mawali refers t o relat ives. Ibn Jarir comment ed, "The Arabs call t he cousin a
Mawla.'' Ibn Jarir cont inued, "Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
ｘや∠ヱラ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョあぴ
(of t hat (propert y) left by parent s and relat ives.) means, from what he inherit ed from his
parent s and family members. Therefore, t he meaning of t he Ayah becomes: ` To all of you, O
people, We appoint ed relat ives (such as children) who will lat er inherit what you inherit ed
from your own parent s and relat ives.'' Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇れギ∠ ボ∠ ハ

∠ リ
(To t hose also wit h whom you have made a pledge (brot herhood), give t hem t heir due port ion.)
means, "Those wit h whom you have a pledge of brot herhood, give t hem t heir share of
inherit ance, t hus fulfilling t he rat ified pledges t hat you gave t hem. Allah has wit nessed all of
you when you gave t hese pledges and promises.'' This pract ice was followed in t he beginning of
Islam, but was lat er on abrogat ed when Muslims were commanded t o fulfill t he pledges
(brot herhood) t hey had already given, but t o refrain from making any new pledges aft er t hat .
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,
びヴ
∠ モ
(And t o everyone, We have appoint ed Mawali) "meaning, heirs;
び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇れギ∠ ボ∠ ハ

∠ リ
(To t hose also wit h whom you have made a pledge (brot herhood)) When t he emigrant s came t o
Al-Madinah, t he emigrant would inherit from t he Ansari, while t he lat t er's relat ives would not
inherit from him because of t he bond of brot herhood which t he Prophet est ablished bet ween
t hem (t he emigrant s and t he Ansar). When t he verse,
びヴ
∠ モ
(And t o everyone We have appoint ed Mawali) was revealed, it cancelled (t he pledge of
brot herhood regarding inherit ance).'' Then he said, "The verse,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダル∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇れギ∠ ボ∠ ハ

∠ リ
(To t hose also wit h whom you have made a pledge (brot herhood), give t hem t heir due port ion.)
remained valid for cases of co-operat ion and mut ual advice, while t he mat t er of inherit ance
was excluded and it became permissible t o assign somet hing in one's will t o t he person who had
t he right of inherit ing before.''
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ ∠ツｚプ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ョやｚヲホ∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ィゲあャやぴ

∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ∠ ∇バよ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやナ ∠ ヘ͡ ェ
∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ヤャあ ∀ろ⇒∠ヌ͡ヘ⇒∠ェ ∀ろ⇒∠わレ͡ ⇒∠ホろ
⊥ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャゅ∠プ
ｚリワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱリｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヌバ͡ プ∠ ｚリワ⊥ コ∠ ヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱ
Κ
∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱノ͡ ィ ͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ
∠ ラ
ｚま͡ Κ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ リｚヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠
(34. Men are t he prot ect ors and maint ainers of women, because Allah has made one of t hem t o
excel t he ot her, and because t hey spend (t o support t hem) from t heir means. Therefore t he
right eous women are Qanit at , and guard in t he husband's absence what Allah orders t hem t o
guard. As t o t hose women on whose part you see ill conduct , admonish t hem, and abandon
t hem in t heir beds, and beat t hem, but if t hey ret urn t o obedience, do not seek a means
against t hem. Surely, Allah is Ever Most High, Most Great .) Allah said,
び￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ョやｚヲホ∠ メ
⊥ ゅ∠ィゲあャやぴ
(Men are t he prot ect ors and maint ainers of women,) meaning, t he man is responsible for t he
woman, and he is her maint ainer, caret aker and leader who disciplines her if she deviat es.
びヂ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ
∠ ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ツ
ｚプ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ
(because Allah has made one of t hem t o excel t he ot her,) meaning, because men excel over
women and are bet t er t han t hem for cert ain t asks. This is why prophet hood was exclusive of
men, as well as ot her import ant posit ions of leadership. The Prophet said,
«り∠ぺゲ∠ ∇ョやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ や∇ヲャｚヱ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホウ

∠ ヤ͡∇ヘΑ⊥ ∇リャ∠»
(People who appoint a woman t o be t heir leader, will never achieve success.) Al-Bukhari
recorded t his Hadit h. Such is t he case wit h appoint ing women as j udges or on ot her posit ions of
leadership.
び∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and because t hey spend from t heir means.) meaning t he dowry, expendit ures and various
expenses t hat Allah ordained in His Book and t he Sunnah of His Messenger for men t o spend on
women. For t hese reasons it is suit able t hat he is appoint ed her maint ainer, j ust as Allah said,
びる∀ ィ
∠ ケ∠ キ∠ リ
∠ メ
͡ ゅ∠ィゲあヤ͡ャヱ∠ ぴ
(But men have a degree (of responsibilit y) over t hem).
Qualities of the Righteous Wife

Allah said,
びろ
⊥ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャゅ∠プぴ
(Therefore, t he right eous) women,
びろ
∃ ⇒∠わレ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ
(are Qanit at ), obedient t o t heir husbands, as Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers st at ed.
びょ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ヤャあ ∀ろ⇒∠ヌ͡ヘ⇒∠ェぴ
(and guard in t he husband's absence) As-Suddi and ot hers said t hat it means she prot ect s her
honor and her husband's propert y when he is absent , and Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやナ
∠ ヘ͡ ェ
∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ
(what Allah orders t hem t o guard.) means, t he prot ect ed husband is t he one whom Allah
prot ect s. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠マ∇ゎゲｚシ ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ れ

∠ ∇ゲヌ∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ り∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョや￢͡ ゅジ
∠ レあャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠»
ヶ͡プマ ∠ ∇わヌ
∠ ヘ͡ ェ
∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ろ ∠ ∇らビ͡ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠マ∇わハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠
«マ͡ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠
(The best women is she who when you look at her, she pleases you, when you command her she
obeys you, and when you are absent , she prot ect s her honor and your propert y.) Then, t he
Messenger of Allah recit ed t he Ayah,
び￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ョやｚヲホ∠ メ
⊥ ゅ∠ィゲあャやぴ
(Men are t he prot ect ors and maint ainers of women, ) unt il it s end. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat
` Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇ヰセ
∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰジ ∠ ∇ヨカ ∠ り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやろ͡ ヤｚタ∠ や∠クま͡»
:ゅ∠ヰャ∠ モ∠ Β͡ホ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ
∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ∇ろハ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ ∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろヌ ∠ ヘ͡ ェ
∠ ヱ∠
«ろ∇ゃセ ͡ ゆ
͡ や∠ヲ∇よほ∠∇ャやヵ
あぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやヶ͡ヤカ⊥ ∇キや
(If t he woman prayed her five daily prayers, fast ed her mont h, prot ect ed her chast it y and
obeyed her husband, she will be t old, 'Ent er Paradise from any of it s doors you wish.')
Dealing with the Wife's Ill-Conduct
Allah said,
びｚリワ⊥ コ∠ ヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱぴ
(As t o t hose women on whose part you see ill conduct ,) meaning, t he woman from whom you
see ill conduct wit h her husband, such as when she act s as if she is above her husband,
disobeys him, ignores him, dislikes him, and so fort h. When t hese signs appear in a woman, her
husband should advise her and remind her of Allah's t orment if she disobeys him. Indeed, Allah
ordered t he wife t o obey her husband and prohibit ed her from disobeying him, because of t he
enormit y of his right s and all t hat he does for her. The Messenger of Allah said,
れ
⊥ ∇ゲョ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ∩∃ギェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ギ∠ イ
⊥ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ や⇔ギェ
∠ ぺ∠ や⇔ゲョ͡ へろ ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠»
«ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ヮ͡ ボあェ
∠ ユ͡ ヌ∠ハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ͡ ∇ヱゴ∠ ャ͡ ギ∠ イ
⊥ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ り∠ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや
(If I were t o command anyone t o prost rat e before anyone, I would have commanded t he wife
t o prost rat e before her husband, because of t he enormit y of his right upon her.) Al-Bukhari
recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ろよ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ セ
͡ や∠ゲプ͡ ヴャ͡まヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやモ
⊥ィ⊥ ｚゲャやゅ∠ハキ∠ や∠クま͡»
«ウ͡ら∇ダゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ バ∠ ャ∠
(If t he man asks his wife t o come t o his bed and she declines, t he angels will keep cursing her
unt il t he morning.) Muslim recorded it wit h t he wording,
ゅ∠ヰ∇わレ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ
͡ ∇ヱコ∠ ス
∠ や∠ゲプ͡ り⇔ ゲ∠ ィ
͡ ゅ∠ワり⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやろ
͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠よや∠クま͡»
«ウ͡ら∇ダゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや
(If t he wife goes t o sleep while ignoring her husband's bed, t he angels will keep cursing her
unt il t he morning.) This is why Allah said,
びリ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヌバ͡ プ∠ ｚリワ⊥ コ∠ ヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガゎ∠ ヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャや∠ヱぴ
(As t o t hose women on whose part you see ill conduct , admonish t hem (first )). Allah's
st at ement ,
びノ͡ ィ
͡ ゅ∠ツヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プｚリワ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲイ
⊥ ∇ワや∠ヱぴ
(abandon t hem in t heir beds,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said "The
abandonment refers t o not having int ercourse wit h her, t o lie on her bed wit h his back t o her.''
Several ot hers said similarly. As-Suddi, Ad-Dahhak, ` Ikrimah, and Ibn ` Abbas, in anot her
narrat ion, added, "Not t o speak wit h her or t alk t o her.'' The Sunan and Musnad compilers
recorded t hat Mu` awiyah bin Haydah Al-Qushayri said, "O Allah's Messenger! What is t he right
t hat t he wife of one of us has on him'' The Prophet said,
∩∠ろ∇Βジ
∠ わ∠ ∇ミやや∠クま͡ ゅ∠ワ∠ヲジ
⊥ ∇ム∠ゎ∠ヱ ∩∠ろ∇ヨバ͡ デ ∠ や∠クま͡ ゅ∠ヰ∠ヨ͡バ∇トゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠»
ヶ͡プゅｚャま͡ ∇ゲイ⊥ ∇ヰゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ウらあボ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠ヮ∇ィヲ∠ ∇ャやゆ
͡ ゲ͡ ∇ツゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠
«ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャや
(To feed her when you eat , clot h her when you buy clot hes for yourself, refrain from st riking
her face or cursing her, and t o not abandon her, except in t he house.) Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッや∠ヱぴ
(beat t hem) means, if advice and ignoring her in t he bed do not produce t he desired result s,
you are allowed t o discipline t he wife, wit hout severe beat ing. Muslim recorded t hat Jabir said
t hat during t he Farewell Haj j , t he Prophet said;
∩∃ラや∠ヲハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ

͡ リｚヰ⊥ ルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ジレあャやヶ͡プぶ ∠ ややヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ»
や⇔ギェ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ セ ∠ ゲ⊥ プ⊥ リ
∠ ∇ゃデ͡ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ リｚヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠
ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ゅ⇔よ∇ゲッ ∠ ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ッゅ∠プマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ∠ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮル∠ ヲ⊥ワゲ∠ ∇ムゎ∠
リｚヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コケ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リｚヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ゥゲ͡ ら∠ ョ⊥
«フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
(Fear Allah regarding women, for t hey are your assist ant s. You have t he right on t hem t hat
t hey do not allow any person whom you dislike t o st ep on your mat . However, if t hey do t hat ,
you are allowed t o discipline t hem light ly. They have a right on you t hat you provide t hem wit h
t heir provision and clot hes, in a reasonable manner.) Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers said t hat
t he Ayah refers t o a beat ing t hat is not violent . Al-Hasan Al-Basri said t hat it means, a beat ing
t hat is not severe.
When the Wife Obeys Her Husband, Means of Annoyance Against

Her are Prohibited
Allah said,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ リ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピ∇らゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇バデ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(but if t hey ret urn t o obedience, seek not against t hem means (of annoyance),) meaning, when
t he wife obeys her husband in all t hat Allah has allowed, t hen no means of annoyance from t he
husband are allowed against his wife. Therefore, in t his case, t he husband does not have t he
right t o beat her or shun her bed. Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ヤ͡ハ

∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, Allah is Ever Most High, Most Great .) reminds men t hat if t hey t ransgress against t heir
wives wit hout j ust ificat ion, t hen Allah, t he Ever Most High, Most Great , is t heir Prot ect or, and
He will exert revenge on t hose who t ransgress against t heir wives and deal wit h t hem unj ust ly.
ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇よゅ∠プゅ∠ヨヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ベ

∠ ゅ∠ボセ
͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ͡ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやペ ͡ プあヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔エ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ へ∠ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まべ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ ∠ ヱ∠
びや⇔ゲΒ͡らカ
∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠
(35. If you fear a breach bet ween t he t wo, appoint (t wo) arbit rat ors, one from his family and
t he ot her from her's; if t hey bot h wish for peace, Allah will cause t heir reconciliat ion. Indeed
Allah is Ever All-Knower, Well-Acquaint ed wit h all t hings.)
Appointing Two Arbitrators When the Possibility of Estrangement

Between Husband and Wife Occurs
Allah first ment ioned t he case of rebellion on t he part of t he wife. He t hen ment ioned t he case
of est rangement and alienat ion bet ween t he t wo spouses. Allah said,
ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥んバ∠ ∇よゅ∠プゅ∠ヨヰ͡ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ベ
∠ ゅ∠ボセ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ
びべ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョあゅ⇔ヨ∠ムェ
∠ ヱ∠
(If you fear a breach bet ween t he t wo, appoint (t wo) arbit rat ors, one from his family). The
Fuqaha' (scholars of Fiqh) say t hat when est rangement occurs bet ween t he husband and wife,
t he j udge refers t hem t o a t rust ed person who examines t heir case in order t o st op any wrongs
commit ed bet ween t hem. If t he mat t er cont inues or worsens, t he j udge sends a t rust wort hy
person from t he woman's family and a t rust wort hy person from t he man's family t o meet wit h
t hem and examine t heir case t o det ermine whet her it is best for t hem t o part or t o remain
t oget her. Allah gives preference t o st aying t oget her, and t his is why Allah said,
びべ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやペ

͡ プあヲ∠ Α⊥ ゅ⇔エ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ へ∠ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ͡まぴ
(if t hey bot h wish for peace, Allah will cause t heir reconciliat ion.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed
t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah commands t hat a right eous man from t he husband's side of t he
family and t he wife's side of t he family are appoint ed, so t hat t hey find out who among t he
spouses is in t he wrong. If t he man is in t he wrong, t hey prevent him from his wife, and he pays
some rest it ut ion. If t he wife is in t he wrong, she remains wit h her husband, and he does not
pay any rest it ut ion. If t he arbit rat ors decide t hat t he marriage should remain int act or be
dissolved, t hen t heir decision is upheld. If t hey decide t hat t he marriage remains int act , but
one of t he spouses disagrees while t he ot her agrees, and one of t hem dies, t hen t he one who
agreed inherit s from t he ot her, while t he spouse who did not agree does not inherit from t he
spouse who agreed.'' This was collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im and Ibn Jarir. Shaykh Abu ` Umar bin
` Abdul-Barr said, "The scholars agree t hat when t he t wo arbit rat ors disagree, t hen t he opinion
t hat dissolves t he marriage will not be adopt ed. They also agree t hat t he decision of t he
arbit rat ors is binding, even if t he t wo spouses did not appoint t hem as agent s. This is t he case
if it is decided t hat t hey should st ay t oget her, but t hey disagree whet her it is binding or not
when t hey decide for separat ion.'' Then he ment ioned t hat t he maj orit y holds t he view t hat t he
decision is st ill binding, even if t hey did not appoint t hem t o make any decision.
リ͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハや∠ヱぴ

リ͡ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやン͡グよ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡
ょ͡ エ ͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱょ ͡ レ⊥ イ⊥ ∇ャやケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやン͡クケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱ
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ モ͡ Β͡らジ
ｚャやリ͡ ∇よや∠ヱょ
͡ ∇レイ ∠ ャゅ͡よ
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ Ι ⇔ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι∠
(36. Worship Allah and j oin none wit h Him in worship, and do good t o parent s, kinsfolk,
orphans, t he poor, t he neighbor who is near of kin, t he neighbor who is a st ranger, t he
companion by your side, t he wayfarer (you meet ), and t hose (slaves) whom your right hands
possess. Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boast ful.)
The Order to Worship Allah Alone and to Be Dutiful to Parents

Allah orders t hat He be worshipped Alone wit hout part ners, because He Alone is t he Creat or
and Sust ainer Who sends His favors and bount ies on His creat ion in all sit uat ions and inst ances.
Therefore He deserves t o be singled out , wit hout associat ing anyt hing or anyone from His
creat ion wit h Him in worship. Indeed, t he Prophet said t o Mu` adh,
«∨͡キゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ぶ
͡ やペ
ぁェ∠ ゅ∠ョヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠»
(Do you know what Allah's right on His servant s is) Mu` adh replied, "Allah and His Messenger
know bet t er.'' He said,
«ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ»
(That t hey should worship Him and should not worship any ot hers wit h Him.) The Prophet t hen
said,
∨∠マャ͡ク∠ やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ぶ

͡ やヴ∠ヤハ
∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャやペ
ぁェ∠ ゅ∠ョヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ぺ∠»
«ユ⊥ヰよ∠ グあバ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠
(Do you know what t he right of t he servant s on Allah is if t hey do t his He should not punish
t hem.) Allah t hen commands t he servant s t o be dut iful t o t heir parent s, for Allah made parent s
t he reason for t he servant s t o come t o exist ence, aft er t hey did not exist . Allah j oins t he order
t o worship Him wit h being dut iful t o parent s in many places. For example, He said,
びマ
∠ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ャ ∇ゲム⊥ ∇セやラ
͡ ぺ∠ぴ
(give t hanks t o Me and t o your parent s), and,
リ
͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ Ι
ｚま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι
ｚぺ∠ マ
∠ よぁケ∠ ヴ∠ツホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔レ⇒∠ジ∇ェま͡
(And your Lord has decreed t hat you worship none but Him. And t hat you be dut iful t o your
parent s). Aft er Allah ordained being dut iful t o parent s, He ordained kind t reat ment of
relat ives, males and females. A Hadit h st at es,
ヵ͡クヴヤ∠ハヱ∠ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ リ
͡ Β͡ム∇ジヨ͡ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダｚャや»
«る∠ヤタ ͡ ヱ∠ る∀ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ユ͡ ェ
͡ ゲｚャや
(Charit y given t o t he poor is Sadaqah, while charit y given t o relat ives is bot h Sadaqah and Silah
(keeping t he relat ions).) Allah t hen said,
びヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(orphans), because t hey lost t heir caret akers who would spend on t hem. So Allah commands
t hat t he orphans be t reat ed wit h kindness and compassion. Allah t hen said,
びリ
⊥ Β͡ム⇒∠ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(Al-Masakin (t he poor)) who have various needs and cannot find what sust ains t hese needs.
Therefore, Allah commands t hey should be helped in acquiring t heir needs in a sufficient
manner t hat will end t heir inadequacy. We will furt her elaborat e on t he mat t er of t he
dest it ut e and t he poor in Surah Bara'h (9:60).
The Right of the Neighbor

Allah said,
びょ
͡ レ⊥ イ
⊥ ∇ャやケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやン͡クケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(t he neighbor who is near of kin, t he neighbor who is a st ranger) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat
Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
びヴ∠よ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやン͡クケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(t he neighbor who is near of kin) means, "The neighbor who is also a relat ive'', while,
びょ
͡ レ⊥ イ
⊥ ∇ャやケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(The neighbor who is a st ranger) means, "Who is not a relat ive.'' It was also report ed t hat
` Ikrimah, Muj ahid, Maymun bin Mihran, Ad-Dahhak, Zayd bin Aslam, Muqat il bin Hayyan and
Qat adah said similarly. Muj ahid was also report ed t o have said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びょ
͡ レ⊥ イ
⊥ ∇ャやケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(t he neighbor who is a st ranger) means, "The companion during t ravel.'' There are many Hadit hs
t hat command kind t reat ment t o t he neighbors, and we will ment ion some of t hem here wit h
Allah's help. The First Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said t hat t he
ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ
⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ
∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャゅ͡よヶ͡レΒ͡タヲ⊥Α モ
͡ メ
∠ や∠コゅ∠ョ»
«ヮ⊥をケあヲ∠ Β⊥ シ
∠
(Jibril kept reminding of t he neighbor's right , unt il I t hought t hat he was going t o give him a
share of t he inherit ance.) The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. The Second Hadit h Imam
Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ろ
⊥ ∇レレ∠ ニ
∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャゅ͡よヶ͡レΒ͡タヲ⊥Α モ
͡ メ
∠ や∠コゅ∠ョ»
«ヮ⊥をケあヲ∠ Β⊥ シ
∠
(Jibril kept reminding me of t he neighbor's right , unt il I t hought he was going t o appoint a
share of t he inherit ance for him.) Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi recorded t his Hadit h, which At -
Tirmidhi said was "Hasan Gharib t hrough t his rout e.'' The Third Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded
t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As said t hat t he Prophet said,
∩͡ヮら͡ ェ
͡ ゅ∠ダャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ぶ͡ やギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠エ∇タほ∠∇ャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠»
«ロ͡ケゅ∠イャ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ぶ
͡ やギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ラ͡ や∠ゲΒ͡イ∇ャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠ ヱ∠
(The best companions according t o Allah are t hose who are t he best wit h t heir friends, and t he
best neighbors according t o Allah are t he best wit h t heir neighbors.) At -Tirmidhi recorded t his
Hadit h and said, "Hasan Gharib''. The Fourt h Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Miqdad bin
Al-Aswad said t hat t he Messenger of Allah asked his Companions,
«∨ゅ∠ルゴあャやヶ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
(What do you say about adult ery) They said, "It is prohibit ed, for Allah and His Messenger have
prohibit ed it . So it is forbidden unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' The Messenger of Allah said,
∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゲ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩∃りヲ∠ ∇ジル͡ ゲ͡ ∇ゼバ∠ よ͡ モ
⊥ィ
⊥ ｚゲャやヶ ∠ ル͡ ∇ゴΑ∠ ∇ラほ∠ャ∠»
«ロ͡ケゅ∠ィり͡ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョゅ͡よヶ
∠ ル͡ ∇ゴΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠
(For a man t o commit adult ery wit h his neighbor's wife is worse t han if he commit s adult ery
wit h t en women.) He t hen said,
«∨͡るホ∠ ゲ͡ ジ
ｚャやヶ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
(What do you say about t heft ) They said, "It is prohibit ed, for Allah and His Messenger
prohibit ed it .'' He said,
ゲ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠ ∩∃れゅ∠Β∇よぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ
∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥ィ⊥ ｚゲャやベ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラほ∠ャ∠»
«ロ͡ケゅ∠ィ ∇リョ͡ ベ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
(If a man st eals from his neighbor, it is worse for him t han st ealing from t en homes.) Only
Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h. A similar Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, Ibn Mas` ud said, "I
asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What is t he great est sin' He said,
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ
͡ モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠»
(To make a rival for Allah while He Alone creat ed you.) I said, ` Then' He said,
«マ∠バョ∠ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇トΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ る∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ

∠ ポ
∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ モ
∠ わ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠»
(To kill your offspring for fear t hat he might share your food wit h you.) I said, ` Then' He said,
«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィる∠ ヤ∠Β͡ヤェ
∠ ヶ
∠ ル͡ や∠ゴゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠»
(To commit adult ery wit h your neighbor's wife.)'' The Fift h Hadit h Imam Ahmad recorded t hat
` A'ishah asked t he Messenger of Allah, "I have t wo neighbors, so whom among t hem should I
give my gift '' He said,
«ゅ⇔よゅ∠よマ
͡ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ よ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヴャ͡ま»
(The neighbor whose door is t he closest t o you.) Al-Bukhari narrat ed t his Hadit h We will
elaborat e on t his subj ect in t he Tafsir of Surah Bara'h, Allah willing and upon Him we depend.
Being Kind to Slaves and Servants

Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(and t hose (slaves) whom your right hands possess,) t his is an order t o be kind t o t hem because
t hey are weak, being held as capt ives by ot hers. An aut hent ic Hadit h records t hat during t he
illness t hat preceded his deat h, t he Messenger of Allah cont inued advising his Ummah:
«ユ⊥ムル⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダ

ｚャやり∠ ゅ∠ヤダ
ｚャや»
((Prot ect ) t he prayer, (prot ect ) t he prayer, and (t hose slaves) whom your hands possess.) He
was repeat ing it unt il his t ongue was st ill. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Miqdam bin
Ma` dykarib said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ろ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ マ

∠ ジ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ろ
∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ マ
∠ わ∠ ィ
∠ ∇ヱコ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ポ
∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠
«る∠ホギ∠ タ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ マ
∠ ョ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠カろ∠ ∇ヨバ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩∀るホ∠ ギ∠ タ ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠
(What you feed yourself is a Sadaqah (charit y) for you, what you feed your children is Sadaqah
for you, what you feed your wife is Sadaqah for you and what you feed your servant is Sadaqah
for you.) An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h which has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion, all t he
t hanks are due t o Allah. ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t o a caret aker of his, "Did you give t he slaves
t heir food yet '' He said, "No.'' Ibn ` Amr said, "Go and give it t o t hem, for t he Messenger of Allah
said,
«ユ⊥ヰゎ∠ ヲ⊥ホマ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ ∇リヨｚハ
∠ ザ
∠ ら͡ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ »
(It is enough sin for someone t o prevent whomever he is responsible for from get t ing t heir
food. )'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,
モ
͡ ヨ∠ バ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ブ
⊥ ｚヤム∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮゎ⊥ ∠ヲ∇ジ͡ミ∠ヱヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ
∠ ポ
͡ ヲヤ⊥∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ヤャ͡»
«ペΒ͡トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョゅｚャま͡
(The slave has t he right t o have food, clot hing and t o only be required t o perform what he can
bear of work.) Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h. Abu Hurayrah narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,
ヮ⊥ ∇ジヤ͡∇イΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩ヮ͡ョゅ∠バト ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ゎぺ∠ や∠クま͡»

リ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヤ∇ミぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇ミぺ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ リ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ボャ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ボャ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇ャヱ͡ ゅ∠レΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠
«ヮ∠ィゅ∠ヤハ ͡ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ｚゲェ ∠ ヶ ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠
(When your servant brings meals t o one of you, if he does not let him sit and share t he meal,
t hen he should at least give him a mout hful or t wo mout hfuls of t hat meal or a meal or t wo, for
he has prepared it .) This is t he wording collect ed by Al-Bukhari.
Allah Does Not Like the Arrogant

Allah said,
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ Ι
⇔ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boast ful.) meaning, one who is proud and
arrogant , insolent and boast s t o ot hers. He t hinks t hat he is bet t er t han ot her people, t hus
t hinking high of himself, even t hough he is insignificant t o Allah and hat ed by people. Muj ahid
said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ Ι
⇔ ゅ∠わ∇ガョ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud) means arrogant , while,
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ガプ∠ ぴ
(boast ful) means boast ing about what he has, while he does not t hank Allah. This Ayah
indicat es t hat such a person boast s wit h people about t he bount y t hat Allah has given him, but
he is act ually ungrat eful t o Allah for t his bount y. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Waqid
Abu Raj a' Al-Harawi said, "You will find t hat t hose who are mean are also proud and boast ing.
He t hen recit ed,
び∇ユム⊥ レ⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hose (slaves) whom your right hands possess,) You will find t hat he who is undut iful (t o
parent s) is also arrogant , and deprived. He t hen recit ed,
びゅ⇔Β∂ ボ͡ セ
∠ や⇔ケゅｚらィ
∠ ヴ͡レ∇ヤバ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ゎギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヲよ͡ や⇔ゲ∂ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And dut iful t o my mot her, and made me not arrogant , deprived.) Once a man asked t he
Prophet , "O Messenger of Allah, advise me.' The Prophet said,
リ
∠ ョ͡ ケ͡ や∠コみ͡∇ャやメ
∠ ゅ∠ら∇シま͡ ラｚみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ケや∠コみ͡∇ャやメ∠ ゅ∠ら∇シま͡ヱ∠ ポ∠ ゅｚΑま»
«る∠ヤΒガ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャやぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャぶ
∠ やラｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡るヤ∠Β͡ガヨ∠ ∇ャや
(Avoid lengt hening t he dress (below t he ankles), for t his pract ice is from arrogance. Verily,
Allah does not like arrogance.)''
ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ モ ͡ ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よサ ∠ ゅｚレャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤガ

∠ ∇らΑ∠ リ
ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅル∠ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョ
Ι∠ ヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャや￢∠ べ⇒∠もケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁ
リ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥
∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ や∠クゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔レΑ͡ゲホ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡ゲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャや
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
∠ ユ͡ヰよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
(37. Those who are st ingy and encourage people t o be st ingy and hide what Allah has best owed
upon t hem of His bount ies. And We have prepared for t he disbelievers a disgraceful t orment .)
(38. And (also) t hose who spend of t heir wealt h t o be seen of men, and believe not in Allah and
t he Last Day, and whoever t akes Shayt an as an int imat e; t hen what a dreadful int imat e he
has!) (39. And what loss have t hey if t hey had believed in Allah and in t he Last Day, and t hey
spend out of what Allah has given t hem for sust enamce And Allah is Ever All-Knower of t hem.)
The Censure of Stingy Behavior
Allah chast ises t he st ingy behavior of t hose who refuse t o spend t heir money for what Allah
ordered t hem, such as being kind t o parent s and compassionat e t o relat ives, orphans, t he poor,
t he relat ive who is also a neighbor, t he companion during t ravel, t he needy wayfarer, t he
slaves and servant s. Such people do not give Allah's right from t heir wealt h, and t hey assist in
t he spread of st ingy behavior. The Messenger of Allah said,
«モ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ￢∃ や∠キヵ
ぁぺ∠ヱ∠ »
(What disease is more serious t han being st ingy) He also said,
∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ

∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩ｚウゼ
ぁャや∠ヱ ∇ユミ⊥ ゅｚΑま͡»
«やヱ⊥ゲイ ∠ ヘ∠ プ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イヘ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥バト ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ る͡ バ∠ ∇Βト
͡ ボ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
(Beware of being st ingy, for it dest royed t hose who were before you, as it encouraged t hem t o
cut t heir relat ions and t hey did, and it encouraged t hem t o commit sin and t hey did.) Allah
said,
びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョラ

∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and hide what Allah has best owed upon t hem of His bount ies,) Therefore, t he miser is
ungrat eful for Allah's favor, for it s effect does not appear on him, whet her in his food, clot hes
or what he gives. Similarly, Allah said,
ギ∀ Β͡ヰゼ
∠ ャ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ - ∀キヲ⊥レム∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ よあゲ∠ ャ͡ リ
∠ ⇒∠ジル͡Ηやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
び
(Verily, man is ungrat eful t o his Lord. And t o t hat he bears wit ness.) by his manners and
conduct ,
び ∀ギΑ͡ギ∠ゼ∠ャゲ͡ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャやあょエ
⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And verily, he is violent in t he love of wealt h.) Allah said,
びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョラ

∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and hide what Allah has best owed upon t hem of His bount ies) and t his is why He t hreat ened
t hem,
びゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁゅ⇔よや∠グハ
∠ リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And We have prepared for t he disbelievers a disgraceful t orment .) Kufr means t o cover
somet hing. Therefore, t he Bakhil (miser) covers t he favors t hat Allah has blessed him wit h,
meaning he does not spread t hose favors. So he is described by t he t erm Kafir (ungrat eful)
regarding t he favors t hat Allah grant ed him. A Hadit h st at es t hat ,
ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ
ｚェ
∠ ぺ∠∩∃ギ∇らハ
∠ ヴヤ∠ハる⇔ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ や∠クま͡ ぶ
∠ やラｚま͡»
«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ を∠ ぺ∠
(When Allah grant s a servant a favor, He likes t hat it s effect appears on him.) Some of t he Salaf
st at ed t hat t his Ayah 4:37 is describing t he Jews who hid t he knowledge t hey had about t he
descript ion of Muhammad, and t here is no doubt t hat t he general meaning of t he Ayah includes
t his. The apparent wording for t his Ayah indicat es t hat it is t alking about being st ingy wit h
money, even t hough miserly conduct wit h knowledge is also included. The Ayah t alks about
spending on relat ives and t he weak, j ust as t he Ayah aft er it ,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレャや￢∠ べ⇒∠もケ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ リ
(And (also) t hose who spend of t heir wealt h t o be seen of men, ) Allah first ment ions t he
punished misers who do not spend, t hen He ment ions t hose who spend t o show off t o gain t he
reput at ion t hat t hey are generous, not for t he Face of Allah. A Hadit h st at es t hat t he first
t hree persons on whom t he fire will feed are a scholar, a fight er and a spender who shows off
wit h t heir act ions. For inst ance,
ぁょエ͡ ゎ⊥ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ :メ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやょ ⊥ ェ͡ ゅ∠タメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ »
:ぶ
⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠マヤ͡Β͡らシ
∠ ヶ͡プろ ⊥ ∇ボヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ヮΒ͡プペ ∠ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠
«モΒホ͡キ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∩∀キや∠ヲィ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ∠ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∩∠ろ∇よグ∠ ミ∠
(The wealt hy will say, "I did not leave any area t hat You like t o be spent on, but I spent on it in
Your cause.'' Allah will say, "You lie, you only did t hat so t hat it is said, ` He is generous.' And it
was said...'') meaning you acquired your reward in t he life, and t his is indeed what you sought
wit h your act ion. This is why Allah said,
びゲ͡ カ
͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and believe not in Allah and t he Last Day,) meaning, it is Shayt an who lured t hem t o commit
t his evil act ion, inst ead of performing t he good deed as it should be performed. Shayt an
encouraged, excit ed and lured t hem by making t he evil appear good,
びゅ⇔レΑ͡ゲホ͡ ￢∠ べ∠ジプ∠ ゅ⇔レΑ͡ゲホ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ

⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやリ
͡ ム⊥ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever t akes Shayt an as an int imat e; t hen what a dreadful int imat e he has!) Allah t hen
said,
ゲ͡ カ
͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ や∠クゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠
(And what loss have t hey if t hey had believed in Allah and in t he Last Day, and t hey spend out
of what Allah has given t hem for sust enance) This Ayah means, what harm would it cause t hem
if t hey believe in Allah, go on t he right eous pat h, replace showing off wit h sincerit y, have fait h
in Allah, and await His promise in t he Hereaft er, for t hose who do good and spend what He has
given t hem on what He likes and is pleased wit h. Allah's st at ement :
∠ ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah is Ever All-Knower of t hem.) means, He has perfect knowledge of t heir int ent ions,
whet her good or evil. Indeed, Allah knows t hose who deserve success, and He grant s t hem
success and guidance, direct ing t hem t o perform right eous act ions t hat will earn t hem His
pleasure. He also knows t hose who deserve failure and expulsion from His great mercy, which
amount s t o ut t er failure in t his life and t he Hereaft er for t hem, we seek refuge in Allah from
t his evil end.
る⇔ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ∠ マ ⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ケｚク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ぴ
ブ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャリ͡ョれ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ マ ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Β͡ヰゼ∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚぺあモミ⊥ リ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ゃィ ͡ や∠クま͡
∇やヲ⊥ ダ
∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやキぁヲ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ チ
⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ンｚヲジ ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや
び ⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェ
(40. Surely! Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of a speck of dust , but if t here is any good
(done), He doubles it , and gives from Him a great reward.) (41. How (will it be) t hen, when We
bring from each nat ion a wit ness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese
people) (42. On t hat day t hose who disbelieved and disobeyed t he Messenger will wish t hat
t hey were buried in t he eart h, but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah.)
Allah Wrongs Not Even the Weight of a Speck of Dust

Allah st at es t hat He does not t reat any of His servant s wit h inj ust ice on t he Day of
Resurrect ion, be it t he weight of a must ard seed or a speck of dust . Rat her, Allah shall reward
t hem for t his act ion and mult iply it , if it were a good deed. For inst ance, Allah said,
びテ
∠ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ Α͡コヲ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ャやノ⊥ ツ
∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And We shall set up balances of j ust ice) Allah said t hat Luqman said,
ヴ͡プ ∇リム⊥ わ∠ プ∠ メ
∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ
∠ ∇リョある∃ らｚェ
∠ メ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ マ
⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まべ∠ヰルｚま͡ ｚヴレ∠ ら⊥ Αぴ
ゅ∠ヰよ͡ れ
͡ ∇ほΑ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやヴ͡プ ∇ヱぺ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ ∇ガタ ∠
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
(O my son! If it be (anyt hing) equal t o t he weight of a must ard seed, and t hough it be in a rock,
or in t he heavens or in t he eart h, Allah will bring it fort h). Allah said,
- ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ∠⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇や∇ヱゲ∠ Β⊥ ャあゅ⇔ゎゅ∠わ∇セぺ∠ サ

⊥ ゅｚレャやケ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇ダΑ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り∃ ケｚク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠
びロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ
∠ り∃ ケｚク∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡
(That Day mankind will proceed in scat t ered groups t hat t hey may be shown t heir deeds. So
whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it . And whosoever does
evil equal t o t he weight of a speck of dust shall see it .) The Two Sahihs recorded t he long
Hadit h about t he int ercession t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri narrat ed, and in which t he Messenger of
Allah said,
ヶ͡プ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ギィ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩やヲ⊥バィ͡ ∇ケや :モ
ｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ »
リ
∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カほ∠プ∠ ∩∃ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ メ
∃ キ∠ ∇ゲカ
∠ る͡ らｚェ
∠ メ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠
«ケゅｚレャや
(Allah t hen says, "Go back, and t ake out of t he Fire everyone in whose heart you find t he
weight of a must ard seed of fait h'') In anot her narrat ion, Allah says, :
∩∃ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡ り∃ ケｚク∠ メ ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠»

«や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∇ヤカ
∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇カほ∠プ∠
("Whosoever had t he least , least , least speck of fait h, t ake him out of t he Fire,'' and t hey will
t ake out many people.) Abu Sa` id t hen said, "Read, if you will,
びり∃ ケｚク∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely! Allah wrongs not even of t he weight of a speck of dust ).''
Will Punishment be Diminished for the Disbelievers

Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed about Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ∠ヰ∇ヘバ͡ ⇒∠ツΑ⊥ る⇔ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ
∠ マ
⊥ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(but if t here is any good (done), He doubles it ,) "As for t he disbeliever, his punishment will be
lessened for him on t he Day of Resurrect ion, but he will never depart t he Fire.'' He used as
evidence t he aut hent ic Hadit h in which Al-` Abbas said, "O Messenger of Allah! Your uncle Abu
Talib used t o prot ect and support you, did you benefit him at all'' The Messenger said,
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ ゥ
∃ ゅ∠ツ∇エッ ∠ ヶ͡プヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ »
«ケゅｚレャやリ∠ ョ͡ モ
͡ ヘ∠ ∇シほ∠∇ャやポ
͡ ∇ケギｚャやヶ͡プ
(Yes. He is in a shallow area in Hell-fire, and were it not for me, he would have been in t he
deepest dept hs of t he Fire.) However, t his Hadit h only applies t o Abu Talib, not t he rest of t he
disbelievers. To support t his, we ment ion what Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded in his Musnad
t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠んΑ⊥ ∩⇔るレ∠ ジ
∠ェ ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ゅ∠ャぶ ∠ やラｚま͡»
ゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡りゲ∠ カ ͡ べ∇ャやヶ͡プゅ∠ヰよ͡ ン∠ゴ∇イΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プベ ∠ ∇コゲあャや
る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミや∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ バ∠ ∇トΒ⊥ プ∠ ゲ⊥ プ͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャや
«る∠レジ ∠ェ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠
(Allah does not wrong t he fait hful even concerning one good act ion, for he will be rewarded for
it by provision in t his life and awarded for it in t he Hereaft er. As for t he disbeliever, he will be
provided provision in t his life for his good act ion, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will not
have any good deed.)
What Does ` Great Reward' Mean

Abu Hurayrah, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Qat adah and Ad-Dahhak said t hat Allah's
st at ement ,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ
∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ルギ⊥ ｚャリ͡ョれ
͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and gives from Him a great reward.) refers t o Paradise. We ask Allah for His pleasure and
Paradise. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu ` Ut hman An-Nahdi said, "No ot her person
accompanied Abu Hurayrah more t han I. One year, he went t o Haj j before me, and I found t he
people of Al-Basrah saying t hat he narrat ed t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
«る∠レジ
∠ェ∠ ブ
͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ
∠ ∇ャぺ∠ る∠ レ∠ ジ
∠エ
∠ ∇ャやブ
⊥ ハ
͡ ゅ∠ツΑ⊥ ぶ
∠ やラ
ｚま͡»
(Allah rewards t he good deed wit h a million deeds.) So I said, ` Woe t o you! No person
accompanied Abu Hurayrah more t han I, and I never heard him narrat e t his Hadit h!' When I
want ed t o meet him, I found t hat he had left for Haj j so I followed him t o Haj j t o ask him
about t his Hadit h.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his Hadit h using anot her chain of narrat ion
leading t o Abu ` Ut hman. In t his narrat ion, Abu ` Ut hman said, "I said, ` O Abu Hurayrah! I heard
my bret hren in Al-Basrah claim t hat you narrat ed t hat you heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
«る∠レジ
∠ェ∠ ブ
͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ブ
∠ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ
∠エ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヵ͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ ぶ
∠ やラ
ｚま͡»
(Allah rewards t he good deed wit h a million deeds.) Abu Hurayrah said, ` By Allah! I heard t he
Messenger of Allah saying,
«る∠レジ
∠ェ∠ ブ
͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ヶヘ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ ジ
∠エ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヵ͡ゴ∇イΑ∠ ぶ
∠ やラ
ｚま͡»
(Allah rewards t he good deed wit h t wo million deeds.) He t hen recit ed t his Ayah,
び∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ Ι
ｚま͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘやヴ͡プゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ゅ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやネ
⊥ ゅ∠わョ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(But lit t le is t he enj oyment of t he life of t his world as compared t o t he Hereaft er).''
Our Prophet will be a Witness Against, or For his Ummah on the Day
of Resurrection, When the Disbelievers Will Wish for Death
Allah said,
マ
∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ
͡ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Β͡ヰゼ
∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚぺあモミ⊥ リ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ゃィ
͡ や∠クま͡ ブ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ
∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヴ∠ヤハ ∠
(How (will it be) t hen, when We bring from each nat ion a wit ness and We bring you (O
Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese people) Allah describes t he horrors, hardships and
difficult ies of t he Day of Resurrect ion, saying, how would it be on t hat Day when t here will be
a wit ness from every nat ion, meaning t he Prophet s, j ust as Allah said;
ょ
⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやノ∠ ッ
͡ ヱ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよあケ∠ ケ͡ ヲ⊥レよ͡ チ ⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやろ ͡ ホ∠ ゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ
ぁャや∠ヱリ
∠ ∇ΒΒあら͡ レｚャゅ͡よ￢∠ ヴ⇒͡ィヱ∠
(And t he eart h will shine wit h t he light of it s Lord, and t he Book will be placed (open); and t he
Prophet s and t he wit nesses will be brought forward), and,
∇リョあ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ
∠ る∃ ョｚぺ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴ͡プゑ
⊥ バ∠ ∇らル∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ
(And (remember) t he Day when We shall raise up from every nat ion a wit ness against t hem
from amongst t hemselves). Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "The
Messenger of Allah said t o me, ` Recit e t o me.' I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Should I recit e
(t he Qur'an) t o you, while it was revealed t o you' He said, ` Yes, for I like t o hear it from ot her
people.' I recit ed Surat An-Nisa' unt il I reached t his Ayah,
マ
∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃィ
͡ ヱ∠ ギ∃ Β͡ヰゼ
∠ よ͡ る∃ ョｚぺあモミ⊥ リ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ゃィ
͡ や∠クま͡ ブ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ
∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヴ∠ヤハ ∠
(How (will it be) t hen, when We bring from each nat ion a wit ness and We bring you (O
Muhammad) as a wit ness against t hese people) He t hen said, ` St op now.' I found t hat his eyes
were t earful.'' Allah's st at ement ,
∇ヲャ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ダ∠ ハ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやキぁヲ∠ Α∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔んΑ͡ギェ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ チ
⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ンｚヲジ ∠ ゎ⊥
(On t hat day t hose who disbelieved and disobeyed t he Messenger will wish t hat t hey were
buried in t he eart h, but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah.) means, t hey
will wish t hat t he eart h would open up and swallow t hem because of t he horror of t he
gat hering place and t he disgrace, dishonor and humiliat ion t hey will suffer on t hat Day. This is
similar t o Allah's st at ement ,
びロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ョ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやゲ⊥ ヌ

⊥ レ∠Α ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
(The Day when man will see t hat (t he deeds) which his hands have sent fort h) Allah t hen said,
び⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah.) indicat ing t hat t hey will admit t o
everyt hing t hey did and will not hide any of it . ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr
said, "A man came t o Ibn ` Abbas and said t o him, ` There are t hings t hat confuse me in t he
Qur'an.' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` What t hings do you have doubt s about in t he Qur'an' He said, ` Not
doubt s, but rat her confusing t hings.' Ibn ` Abbas said, ` Tell me what caused you confusion.' He
said, ` I hear Allah's st at ement ,
ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョゅ∠レよあケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホラ∠ぺ Ι

ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥
(There will t hen be no t est for t hem but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who
j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.'') but He also says,
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah.) They have indeed hid somet hing.'
Ibn ` Abbas said, ` As for Allah's st at ement ,
ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョゅ∠レよあケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホラ∠ぺ Ι

ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥
(There will t hen be no t est for t hem but t o say: "By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who
j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.''), when t hey see t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hat Allah
does not forgive, except for t he people of Islam, and t hat He forgives t he sins, no mat t er how
big t hey are, except Shirk, t hen t he Mushriks will lie. They will say,
びリ
∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ゅ∠ョゅ∠レよあケ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
("By Allah, our Lord, we were not t hose who j oined ot hers in worship wit h Allah.''), hoping t hat
Allah will forgive t hem. However, Allah will t hen seal t heir mout hs, and t heir hands and feet
will disclose what t hey used t o do. Then,
ンｚヲジ
∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ ダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやキぁヲ∠ Α∠ ぴ
∠ ヱ∠ チ
⊥ ∇ケΙ ｘやユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡
(t hose who disbelieved and disobeyed t he Messenger will wish t hat t hey were buried in t he
eart h, but t hey will never be able t o hide a single fact from Allah. )'''
ヴｚわェ ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダｚャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ

∠ レ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
モ
∃ Β͡らシ ∠ ン͡ゲよ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι ｚま͡ ゅ⇔ら⊥レィ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ
∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ わ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ テ͡ も͡ べ∠ピ∇ャやリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ
∇やヲ⊥エジ
∠ ∇ョゅ∠プゅ⇔らあΒデ
∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ
∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ
∠ ラ
ｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡
(43. O you who believe! Do not approach Salah while you are in a druken st at e unt il you know
what you are saying, nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough, unt il you
bat he (your ent ire body), and if you are ill, or on a j ourney, or one of you comes from t he
Gha'it (t oilet ), or from Lamast um (t ouching) women, but you do not find wat er, t hen perform
Tayammum wit h clean eart h, rubbing your faces and hands. Truly, Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning,
Oft -Forgiving.)
The Prohibition of Approaching Prayer When Drunk or Junub

Allah forbade His believing servant s from praying while drunk, for one does not know t he
meaning of what he is saying in t hat st at e, and He forbade t hem from at t ending t he Masj ids
while sexually impure, except when one is j ust passing t hrough t he Masj id from one door t o
anot her. This Ayah was revealed before alcohol consumpt ion was complet ely prohibit ed, as
evident by t he Hadit h t hat we ment ioned in Surat Al-Baqarah when we explained Allah's
st at ement ,
びゲ͡ ジ
͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ͡ ∇ヨガ
∠ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ∠マ∠ルヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Αぴ
(They ask you about alcoholic drink and gambling). In t hat Hadit h, t he Messenger of Allah
recit ed t his Ayah t o ` Umar, who said, "O Allah! Explain t he ruling about Khamr (int oxicant s) for
us in a plain manner.'' When t his Ayah 4:43 was revealed, t he Prophet recit ed it t o ` Umar,
who st ill said, "O Allah! Explain t he ruling about Khamr (int oxicant s) for us in a plain manner.''
Aft er t hat , t hey would not drink alcohol close t o t he t ime of prayer. When Allah's st at ement ,
ゲ⊥ ジ
͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ
∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
リ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやモ͡ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙｘや∠ヱゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ
(O you who believe! alcoholic drinks, gambling, Al-Ansab, and Al-Azlam are an abominat ion of
Shayat an's handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful. ) 5:90 , unt il,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(So, will you not t hen abst ain) 5:91 was revealed, ` Umar said, "We abst ain, we abst ain.'' In
anot her narrat ion, when t he Ayah in Surat An-Nisa' was revealed,
∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ

ｚャや ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎヴｚわェ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥
(O you who believe! Do not approach Salah while you are in a druken st at e unt il you know what
you are saying,) at t he t ime of prayer, t he Messenger of Allah would have someone proclaim;
"Let not any drunk approach t he prayer.'' This is t he wording collect ed by Abu Dawud.
Causes of Its Revelation

Ibn Abi Hat im has recorded some report s about t he incident of it s revelat ion: Sa` d said, "Four
Ayat were revealed concerning me. A man from t he Ansar once made some food and invit ed
some Muhaj irin and Ansar men t o it , and we at e and drank unt il we became int oxicat ed. We
t hen boast ed about our st at us.'' Then a man held a camel's bone and inj ured Sa` d's nose, which
was scarred ever since. This occurred before Al-Khamr was prohibit ed, and Allah lat er
revealed,

びン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥
(O you who believe! Approach not AsSalat (t he prayer) when you are in a drunken st at e).
Muslim recorded t his Hadit h, and t he collect ors of t he Sunan recorded it , wit h t he except ion of
Ibn Maj ah. Anot her Reason Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib said, "Abdur-Rahman
bin ` Awf made some food t o which he invit ed us and served some alcohol t o drink. When we
became int oxicat ed, and t he t ime for prayer came, t hey asked someone t o lead us in prayer.
He recit ed ` Say, ` O disbelievers! I do not worship t hat which you worship, but we worship t hat
which you worship refer t o t he correct wording of t he Surah: 109 .''' Allah t hen revealed,

びラ
(O you who believe! Do not approach Salah when you are in a drunken st at e unt il you know
what you are saying). '' This is t he narrat ion collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im and At -Tirmidhi, who
said "Hasan Gharib Sahih.'' Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎヴｚわェ
∠ぴ
(unt il you know what you are saying) is t he best descript ion for when one is int oxicat ed, t hat
is, when he does not know t he meaning of what he is saying. When a person is drunk, he makes
obvious mist akes in t he recit at ion and will not be able t o be humble during t he prayer. Imam
Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩∇ユレ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇フゲ͡ ダ

∠ ∇レΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩ヶあヤダ
∠ Α⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ザ
∠ バ∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡»
«メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
(If one feels sleepy while he is praying, let him sleep for a while so t hat he knows t he meaning
of what he is saying.) This was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and An-Nasa'i. In some of t he
narrat ions of t his Hadit h, t he Messenger said,
«ヮ∠ジ∇ヘル∠ ょ
ｚジ
⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ょ
⊥ ワ∠ ∇グΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ »
(...For he might want t o ask for forgiveness, but inst ead curses himself!) Allah said,
び∇やヲ⊥ヤジ
͡ わ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ モ
∃ Β͡らシ
∠ ン͡ゲよ͡ ゅ∠ハ Ι
ｚま͡ ゅ⇔ら⊥レィ
⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough, unt il you bat he (your ent ire
body),) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
び∇やヲ⊥ヤジ
͡ わ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ モ
∃ Β͡らシ
⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough, unt il you bat he (your ent ire
body,) means, "Do not ent er t he Masj id when you are Junub, unless you are j ust passing by, in
which case, you pass t hrough wit hout sit t ing down.'' Ibn Abi Hat im said t hat similar is report ed
from ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, Anas, Abu ` Ubaydah, Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Abu Ad-Duha, ` At a',
Muj ahid, Masruq, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Zayd bin Aslam, Abu Malik, ` Amr bin Dinar, Al-Hakam bin
` Ut aybah, ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Yahya bin Sa` id Al-Ansari, Ibn Shihab and Qat adah. Ibn
Jarir recorded t hat Yazid bin Abi Habib comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
びモ
∃ Β͡らシ
⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough,) when some men from t he
Ansar, whose doors lit erally opened int o t he Masj id, were sexually impure, and t hey did not
have wat er, t heir only way t o get wat er was t o pass t hrough t he Masj id. So, Allah sent down,
びモ
∃ Β͡らシ
⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor while Junub (sexually impure), except while passing t hrough,).'' What support s t his
st at ement by Yazid bin Abi Habib, may Allah have mercy upon him, is Al-Bukhari's report in his
Sahih, t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ヶ͡よぺ∠ る∠ カ
∠ ∇ヲカ
∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ͡ イ
͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プる∃ カ
∠ ∇ヲカ
∠ ｚモミ⊥ やヱぁギシ
⊥»
«ゲ∇ムよ∠
(Close all t he small doors in t his Masj id, except t hat of Abu Bakr.) This is what t he Prophet
commanded at t he end of his life, knowing t hat Abu Bakr will be t he Khalifah aft er him, and
t hat he would need t o ent er t he Masj id on numerous occasions t o manage t he import ant affairs
of t he Muslims. Yet , t he Messenger of Allah commanded t hat all t he small doors t hat open int o
t he Masj id be closed, except Abu Bakr's door. Some of t he Sunan compilers recorded t he
Prophet saying t hat only ` Ali's door should remain open, but t his is an error, what is in t he
Sahih is what is correct . In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of
Allah said t o me,
«ギ͡イ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ り∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨガ
⊥ ∇ャやヶレ͡Βャ͡ヱ͡ ゅ∠ル»
(Bring me t he garment from t he Masj id.) I said, ` I am having my period.' He said,
«ポ͡ギΑ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ろジ

∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ
͡ わ∠ ツ
∠ ∇Βェ
∠ ラ
ｚま͡»
(Your period is not in your hand.) Muslim also collect ed a similar narrat ion from Abu Hurayrah.
This Hadit h indicat es t hat t he woman is allowed t o pass t hrough t he Masj id during menses or
post -nat al bleeding, and Allah knows best .
Description of Tayammum
Allah said,
ギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ テ
͡ も͡ べ∠ピ∇ャやリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ
びゅ⇔らあΒデ
∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠
(and if you are ill, or on a j ourney, or one of you comes from t he Gha'it (t oilet ), or from
Lamast um (t ouching) women, but you do not find wat er, t hen perform Tayammum wit h clean
eart h, rubbing your face and hands. Truly, Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.) As for
t he t ype of illness which would allow Tayammum, it is an illness t hat one fears would be
aggravat ed by using wat er, which could be det riment al t o a part of t he body, or when doing so
would prolong an illness. Some scholars said t hat any t ype of illness warrant s Tayammum,
because of t he general indicat ions of t he Ayah. As for t ravelling on a j ourney, it is known,
regardless of it s lengt h. Allah t hen said,
びテ
͡ も͡ べ∠ピ∇ャやリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or comes from t he Gha'it ). The Gha'it is, lit erally, t he flat land, and t his part of t he Ayah
refers t o t he minor impurit y. Allah t hen said,
び￢∠ べ∠ジレあャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or you Lamast um women), which was recit ed Lamast um and Lamast um, referring t o sexual
int ercourse. For inst ance, Allah said in anot her Ayah,
∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺモ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョリｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボヤｚデ
∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠ ゅョ∠ ブ
⊥ ∇ダレ͡ プ∠ る⇔ ツ
∠ Α͡ゲプ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ プ∠
(And if you divorce t hem before you have t ouched t hem, and you have appoint ed unt o t hem
t he dowry, t hen pay half of t hat ) 2:237 , and,
ｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇エム∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
リ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ リｚワ⊥ ヲぁジヨ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺモ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョリｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ボヤｚデ
∠
びゅ∠ヰル∠ ヱぁギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ り∃ ギｚハ
͡ ∇リョ͡
(O you who believe! When you marry believing women, and t hen divorce t hem before you have
t ouched t hem, no ` Iddah (period of wait ing) have you t o count in respect of t hem) 33:49 . Ibn
Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
び￢∠ べ∠ジレあャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or Lamast um women) refers t o sexual int ercourse. It was report ed t hat ` Ali, Ubayy bin Ka` b,
Muj ahid, Tawus, Al-Hasan, ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ash-Sha` bi, Qat adah and
Muqat il bin Hayyan said similarly. Allah said,
∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ
͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
(but you do not find wat er,t hem perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h,) In t he Two Sahihs, it is
recorded t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said,
:
ろ
∠ ∇ジャ∠ぺ∠ ∩͡ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ヶ
∠ ヤあダ
∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ マ
∠ バ∠ レ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ョラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ⊥ ゅ∠Α»
«∨∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ モ∃ィ ⊥ ゲ∠ よ͡
: :
«マΒヘ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ギΒ͡バダ

ｚャゅ͡よマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠»
(Allah's Messenger saw a person sit t ing away from t he people and not praying wit h t hem. He
asked him, ` O so-and-so! What prevent ed you from offering t he prayer wit h t he people, are
not you Muslim' He replied, ` Yes, O Allah's Messenger! I am Junub and t here is no wat er.' The
Prophet said, ` Perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h and t hat will be sufficient for you.') The
linguist ic meaning of Tayammum is t o int end, as Arabs say, "May Allah Tayammamaka (direct at
you) His care.'' ` Clean eart h' means dust . In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin Al-
Yaman said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠レプ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘタ
⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤん∠ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツあプ⊥ »
ゅ∠ヰヤぁミ⊥ チ ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやフ͡ ヲ⊥ヘダ ⊥ ミ∠
ギ͡ イ
͡ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ
∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャゅ∠ヰわ⊥ よ∠ ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギイ͡ ∇ジョ∠
«￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや
(We were given preference over people in t hree t hings. Our lines (in prayer) were arranged in
rows t o resemble t he rows of t he angels, all of t he eart h was made a Masj id for us, and it s dust
was made clean for us when t here is no wat er.) The Messenger ment ioned t he favor of making
dust a purifyer for us, and if t here were any ot her subst ance t o replace it for Tayammum, he
would have ment ioned it . Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of Sunan, wit h t he except ion of Ibn
Maj ah, recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ギ͡ イ
͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ユヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあト
ｚャやギ⊥ Β͡バダ
ｚャや»
∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ
∠ よ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚジヨ͡ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃アイ∠ェ͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや
«ゲ∇Βカ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠
(Clean eart h is pure for t he Muslim, even if he does not find wat er for t en years. When he finds
wat er, let him use it for his skin, for t his is bet t er.) At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Allah's
st at ement ,
び∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ

∠ ∇ョゅ∠プぴ
(rubbing your faces and hands (Tayammum)) indicat es t hat Tayammum is a subst it ut e for
normal ablut ion, not t hat it involves cleaning t he part s t hat normal ablut ion does. Therefore, it
is sufficient in Tayammum t o j ust wipe t he face and hands, as t he consensus concurs. The face
and hands are wiped wit h one st rike on t he sand in t his case, as Imam Ahmad recorded t hat
` Abdur-Rahman bin Abza said t hat a man came t o ` Umar and asked him, "I am Junub, but t here
is no wat er.'' ` Umar said, "Then, do not pray.'' ` Ammar said, "Do you not remember, O Leader
of t he Fait hful! You and I were on a milit ary expedit ion when we became Junub and did not
find wat er. You did not pray, but I rolled myself in t he sand and t hen prayed. When we went
back t o t he Prophet , we ment ioned t o him what had happened. He said t o me, S
«マΒ͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ヨルｚま͡»
(This would have been sufficient for you), and t he Prophet st roked his hand on t he eart h once,
blew int o it and wiped his face and hands.'' The Muslim Ummah, rat her t han all ot her nat ions,
was favored wit h t he allowance of Tayammum. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Jabir bin
` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
れ⊥ ∇ゲダ ͡ ル⊥ :ヶ͡ヤ∇ら∠ホギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ト

∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ
∠ ろ ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥»
チ⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやヶ ∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ り∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ジョ∠ ょ ͡ ∇ハゲぁャゅ͡よ
ヮ⊥ ∇わミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ モ ∃ィ⊥ ケ∠ ゅ∠ヨΑぁ ∠ほ∠プ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠
«モ∠ダΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ
ｚャや
:
∩⊥ユも͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャやヶ
∠ ャ͡ ∇ろヤｚェ͡ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロギ⊥ イ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ »
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩∠るハ ∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ
ｚャやろ⊥ Β͡ト∇ハぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ヤ∇らホ∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ モ
ｚエ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠
«るｚョゅ∠ハサ ͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ャま͡ ろ⊥ ∇んバ͡ よ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡まゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ⊥ ヶ
(I have been given five t hings which were not given t o any (Prophet ) before me: Allah made me
vict orious wit h fright t hat covers a mont h's dist ance. The eart h has been made for me (and for
my followers) a place for praying and an obj ect t o perform purificat ion wit h. Therefore let my
followers pray wherever t he t ime of a prayer is due - and in anot her narrat ion - he will have his
means of purit y and his Masj id. The spoils of war have been made lawful for me and it was not
made so for anyone else before me. I have been given t he right of int ercession (on t he Day of
Resurrect ion.) Every Prophet used t o be sent t o his nat ion exclusively, but I have been sent t o
all mankind.) We also ment ioned t he Hadit h of Hudhayfah t hat Muslim recorded;
ゅ∠レプ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘタ
⊥ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ
⊥ ∩∃ゐゅ∠ヤん∠ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツあプ⊥ »
∩や⇔ギイ ͡ ∇ジョ∠ チ
⊥ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇ろヤ∠バ͡ ィ
⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡るム∠ も͡ ゅ∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやフ
͡ ヲ⊥ヘダ ⊥ ミ∠
«￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやギ͡ イ ͡ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡ ∩や⇔ケヲ⊥ヰデ ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∠よ∇ゲゎ⊥ ∠ヱ
(We were preferred wit h t hree t hings over people. Our lines (in prayer) were arranged in rows
t o resemble t he rows of t he angels, all of t he eart h was made a Masj id for us, and it s dust was
made clean for us when t here is no wat er.) Allah said in t his Ayah,
や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ
∠ ラ
ｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プぴ
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠
(rubbing your faces and hands. Truly, Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.) meaning, a
part of His pardoning and forgiving is t hat He allows you t o use Tayammum and t o pray aft er
using it when t here is no wat er, t o make t hings easy for you. This Ayah sanct ifies t he posit ion
of t he prayer, it being t oo sacred t han t o be performed in a defecient manner, like in a st at e
of drunkenness, unt il one becomes aware of what he is saying, or sexually impure, unt il he
bat hes (Ghusl), or aft er answering t he call of nat ure, unt il he performs ablut ion. There are
except ions when one is ill or when t here is no wat er. In t his case, Allah allows us t o use
Tayammum, out of His mercy and kindness for His servant s, and t o facilit at e t hem, all praise is
due t o Allah.
The Reason behind allowing Tayammum

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "We set out wit h Allah's Messenger on one of his
j ourneys unt il we reached Al-Bayda' or Dhat -ul-Jaysh, where a necklace of mine was broken
(and lost ). Allah's Messenger st ayed t here t o search for it , and so did t he people along wit h
him. There was no wat er source or any wat er wit h t hem at t hat place, so t he people went t o
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and said, ` Don't you see what ` A'ishah has done! She has made Allah's
Messenger and t he people st ay where t here is no source of wat er and t hey have no wat er wit h
t hem.' Abu Bakr came while Allah's Messenger was sleeping wit h his head on my t high. He said
t o me, ` You have det ained Allah's Messenger and t he people where t here is no source of wat er
and t hey have no wat er wit h t hem.' So he admonished me and said what Allah wished him t o
say and hit me on my flank wit h his hand. Not hing prevent ed me from moving (because of pain)
but t he posit ion of Allah's Messenger on my t high. Allah's Messenger got up when dawn broke
and t here was no wat er. So Allah revealed t he verses of Tayammum, and t hey all performed
Tayammum. Usayd bin Hudayr said, ` O t he family of Abu Bakr! This is not t he first blessing of
yours.' Then t he camel on which I was riding was moved from it s place and t he necklace was
found beneat h it .'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his Hadit h.
ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョあゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ

-モ ∠ Β͡らジ
ｚャや ∇やヲぁヤツ͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ る∠ ヤ∠⇒ヤｚツャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ や∠ギ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
リ∠ハユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲあエ ∠ Α⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョあ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠
ゲ∠ ∇Βビ∠ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱゅ∠レ∇Βダ ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ や∠ヲョｚ
∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ リ͡ Αあギャやヴ͡プゅ⇔レ∇バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ
͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ∠ ゅ∠レハ
͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ノ∃ ヨ∠ ∇ジョ⊥
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠
Κ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ｚャリ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠
びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚま͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥
(44. Have you not seen t hose (t he Jews) who were given a port ion of t he Book, purchasing t he
wrong pat h, and wishing t hat you should go ast ray from t he right pat h.) (45. Allah has full
knowledge of your enemies, and Allah is sufficient as a Wali (Prot ect or), and Allah is sufficient
as a Helper.) (46. Among t hose who are Jews, t here are some who displace words from (t heir)
right places and say: "We hear your word and disobey,'' and "Hear and let you hear not hing.''
And Ra` ina wit h a t wist of t heir t ongues and as a mockery of t he religion. And if only t hey had
said: "We hear and obey'', and "Do make us underst and,'' it would have been bet t er for t hem,
and more proper; but Allah has cursed t hem for t heir disbelief, so t hey believe not except a
few.)
Chastising the Jews for Choosing Misguidance, Altering Allah's

Words, and Mocking Islam
Allah st at es t hat t he Jews, may Allah's cont inued curse fall on t hem unt il t he Day of
Resurrect ion, have purchased t he wrong pat h inst ead of guidance, and ignored what Allah sent
down t o His Messenger Muhammad . They also ignored t he knowledge t hat t hey inherit ed from
previous Prophet s, about t he descript ion of Muhammad , so t hat t hey may have a small amount
of t he delight s of t his life.
びモ
∠ Β͡らジ
ｚャや ∇やヲぁヤツ
͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and wishing t hat you should go ast ray from t he right pat h.) for t hey would like t hat you
disbelieve in what was sent down t o you, O believers, and t hat you abandon t he guidance and
beneficial knowledge t hat you have.
び∇ユム⊥ も͡ や∠ギ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(Allah has full knowledge of your enemies) meaning, Allah has bet t er knowledge of your
enemies, and He warns you against t hem.
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and Allah is sufficient as a Wali (Prot ect or), and Allah is Sufficient as a Helper) He is a
Sufficient Prot ect or for t hose who seek refuge wit h Him and a Sufficient Support er for t hose
who seek His help. Allah t hen said,
びヮ͡ バ͡ ッ
͡ や∠ヲョｚリ∠ハユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥プゲあエ
∠ Α⊥ ぴ
(t here are some who displace words from (t heir) right places) meaning, t hey int ent ionally and
falsely alt er t he meanings of t he Words of Allah and explain t hem in a different manner t han
what Allah meant ,
びゅ∠レ∇Βダ
∠ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ
∠ ラ
(And say: "We hear your word and disobey) saying, "We hear what you say, O Muhammad, but
we do not obey you in it ,'' as Muj ahid and Ibn Zayd explained. This is t he implied meaning of
t he Ayah, and it demonst rat es t he Jews' disbelief, st ubbornness and disregard for Allah's Book
aft er t hey underst ood it , all t he while aware of t he sin and punishment t hat t his behavior will
earn for t hem. Allah's st at ement ,
びノ∃ ヨ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ

∠ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ
(And "Hear and let you hear not hing.'') means, hear our words, may you never hear anyt hing, as
Ad-Dahhak report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. This is t he Jews' way of mocking and j est ing, may Allah's
curse descend on t hem.
びリ
͡ Αあギャやヴ͡プゅ⇔レ∇バデ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ
͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ∠ ゅ∠レハ
͡ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Ra` ina, wit h a t wist of t heir t ongues and as a mockery of t he religion.) meaning, t hey
pret end t o say, ` Hear us,' when t hey say, Ra` ina (an insult in Hebrew, but in Arabic it means
` List en t o us.').' Yet , t heir t rue aim is t o curse t he Prophet . We ment ioned t his subj ect when
we explained Allah's st at ement ,
∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ホヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡ハ∠ケ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι

びゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ
⊥ ルや
(O you who believe! Say not Ra` ina but say Unzurna (make us underst and)). Therefore, Allah
said about t hem, while t hey pret end t o say ot her t han what t hey t ruly mean,
びリ
͡ Αあギャやヴ͡プゅ⇔レ∇バデ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ レ∠ ジ
͡ ∇ャほ∠よ͡ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ∠ぴ
(Wit h a t wist of t heir t ongues and as a mockery of t he religion) because of t heir cursing t he
Prophet . Allah t hen said,
ゅ∠ル∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや∠ヱ ∇ノヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱゅ∠レ∇バデ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ｚャリ͡ムャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠
びΚ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ιｚま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ
∠ プ∠
(And if only t hey had said: "We hear and obey'', and "Do make us underst and,'' it would have
been bet t er for t hem, and more proper; but Allah has cursed t hem for t heir disbelief, so t hey
believe not except a few.) meaning, t heir heart s are cast away from t he pat h of right eousness
and t herefore, no beneficial part of fait h ent ers it . Earlier, when we explained,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚョ Κ
⇔ Β͡ヤボ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(so lit t le is t hat which t hey believe) which means t hey do not have beneficial fait h.
ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ルゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやべ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ゅ⇔ワヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ザ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇トルｚラ∠ぺモ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥
ょ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べｚレバ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ワゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワキｚゲ⊥ レ∠ プ∠
ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ - Ι ⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇らジｚャや
リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ョゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ
びゅ⇔ヨΒヌ ͡ハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プやギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥
(47. O you who have been given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Believe in what We have
revealed confirming what is wit h you, before We efface faces and t urn t hem backwards or
curse t hem as We cursed t he people of t he Sabbat h. And t he commandment of Allah is always
execut ed.) (48. Verily, Allah forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship),
but He forgives except t hat t o whom He wills; and whoever set s up part ners wit h Allah in
worship, he has indeed invent ed a t remendous sin.)
Calling the People of the Book to Embrace the Faith, Warning them
Against Doing Otherwise
Allah commands t he People of t he Script ures t o believe in what He has sent down t o His
servant and Messenger, Muhammad , t he Glorious Book t hat conforms t o t he good news t hat
t hey already have about Muhammad . He also warns t hem,
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゅ∠ワキｚゲ⊥ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ワヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ザ
∠ ヨ͡ ∇トルｚラ∠ぺモ
͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョぴ
びべ∠ワゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠
(before We efface faces and t urn t hem backwards) Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat
` effacing' here refers t o blindness,
びべ∠ワゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ゅ∠ワキｚゲ⊥ レ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(and t urn t hem backwards) meaning, We put t heir faces on t heir backs, and make t hem walk
backwards, since t heir eyes will be in t heir backs. Similar was said by Qat adah and ` At iyah Al-
` Awfi. This makes t he punishment even more severe, and it is a parable t hat Allah set for
ignoring t he t rut h, preferring t he wrong way and t urning away from t he plain pat h for t he
pat hs of misguidance. Therefore, such people walk backwards. Similarly, some said t hat Allah's
st at ement ,
リ
͡ ⇒∠ホ∇クΙ
ｘやヴ∠ャま͡ ヴ∠ ヰ͡ プ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒レ∇ハぺ∠ ヴ͡プゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ
びや⇔ギ∂ シ
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ リ
͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ∠ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヨ∠ ∇ボョぁユ⊥ヰプ∠
(Verily, We have put on t heir necks iron collars reaching t o t he chins, so t hat t heir heads are
raised up. And We have put a barrier before t hem) t hat is a parable t hat Allah gave for t heir
deviat ion and hindrance from guidance.
Ka` b Al-Ahbar Embraces Islam Upon Hearing this Ayah [4:47]

It was report ed t hat Ka` b Al-Ahbar became Muslim when he heard t his Ayah 4:47 . Ibn Jarir
recorded t hat ` Isa bin Al-Mughirah said: We were wit h Ibrahim when we t alked about t he t ime
when Ka` b became Muslim. He said, ` Ka` b became Muslim during t he reign of ` Umar, for he
passed by Al-Madinah int ending t o visit Jerusalem, and ` Umar said t o him, "Embrace Islam, O
Ka` b.' Ka` b said, ` Do you not read in your Book,
びり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨあェ

⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやモ
⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ ぴ
(The likeness of t hose who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah...) 62:5 unt il,
びや⇔ケゅ∠ヘ∇シぺ∠ぴ
(Books) I am among t hose who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah.' ` Umar left him alone and
Ka` b went on t o Hims (in Syria) and heard one of it s inhabit ant s recit e t his Ayah while feeling
sad,
ゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ルゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ょ

∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやべ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ゅ⇔ワヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ザ ∠ ヨ͡ ∇トルｚラ∠ぺモ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあゅ⇔ホあギダ ∠ ョ⊥
びべ∠ワゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ワキｚゲ⊥ レ∠ プ∠
(O you who have been given t he Script ure (Jews and Christ ians)! Believe in what We have
revealed confirming what is wit h you, before We efface faces and t urn t hem backwards). Ka` b
said, ` I believe, O Lord! I embraced Islam, O Lord!' for He feared t hat t his might be st ruck by
t his t hreat . He t hen went back t o his family in Yemen and ret urned wit h t hem all as Muslims.''
びろ
͡ ∇らジ
ｚャやょ
∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ べｚレバ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ∇ヤル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or curse t hem as We cursed t he people of t he Sabbat h.) refers t o t hose who breached t he
sanct it y of t he Sabbat h, using deceit , for t he purpose of doing more work. Allah changed t hese
people int o apes and swine, as we will come t o know in t he explanat ion of Surat Al-A` raf (7).
びΙ
⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ
(And t he commandment of Allah is always execut ed.) means, when He commands somet hing,
t hen no one can disput e or resist His command.
Allah Does not Forgive Shirk, Except After Repenting From it

Allah said t hat He,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ポ
∠ぴ
(forgives not t hat part ners should be set up wit h Him (in worship),) meaning, He does not
forgive a servant if he meet s Him while he is associat ing part ners wit h Him,
びマ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ョゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(but He forgives except t hat ) of sins,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ぴ

(t o whom He wills) of His servant s. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said t hat t he
∩ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ヲィ
∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レゎ∠ ∇ギら∠ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ョヵ͡ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠Α :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぶ∠ やラｚま͡»
マ
∠ ルｚま͡ ヵ͡ギ∇らハ
∠ ゅ∠Α ∩∠マΒ͡プラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヴヤ∠ハマ ∠ ャ∠ ∀ゲ͡プゅ∠ビヶあルみ͡プ∠
∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョる⇔ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやゆ͡ や∠ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ヶ͡レわ∠ Β͡ボャ∠ ∇ラま͡
«り∠ゲヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ や∠ゲボ⊥ よ͡ マ
∠ わ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ∩ヶ͡よ
(Allah said, "O My servant ! As long as you worship and beg Me, I will forgive you, no mat t er your
short comings. O My servant ! If you meet Me wit h t he eart h's fill of sin, yet you do not associat e
any part ners wit h Me, I will meet you wit h it s fill of forgiveness.'') Only Ahmad recorded t his
Hadit h wit h t his chain of narrat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Dharr said, "I came t o t he
Messenger of Allah and he said,
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ れ
∠ ゅ∠ョｚユを⊥ ぶ
⊥ やゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡まゅ∠ャ :メ
∠ ゅ∠ホギ∃ ∇らハ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
«るｚレイ∠ ∇ャやモ
∠カ ∠ キ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩∠マャ͡ク∠
: :
«ベ∠ゲシ
∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ »
. : :
«ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ベ
∠ ゲ∠ シ
∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ »
:
«ケ∠クヶ͡よぺ∠ ブ
͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユ͡ ∇ビケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠»
("No servant proclaims,` There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah,' and dies on t hat
belief, but will ent er Paradise.'' I said, "Even if he commit t ed adult ery and t heft '' He said, "Even
if he commit t ed adult ery and t heft .'' I asked again, "Even if he commit t ed adult ery and t heft ''
He said, "Even if he commit t ed adult ery and t heft .'' The fourt h t ime, he said, "Even if Abu
Dharr's nose was put in t he dust .'') Abu Dharr depart ed while pulling his Izar and saying, "Even if
Abu Dharr's nose was put in t he dust .'' Ever since t hat happened, Abu Dharr used t o narrat e t he
Hadit h and t hen comment , "Even if Abu Dharr's nose was put in dust .'' The Two Sahihs recorded
t his Hadit h Al-Bazzar recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "We used t o refrain from begging (Allah)
for forgiveness for t hose who commit maj or sins unt il we heard our Prophet recit ing,
ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
∠ ャ͡ク∠
except t hat (anyt hing else) t o whom He wills;), and his saying,
ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゲ͡ も͡ ゅ∠らム∠ ∇ャやモ
͡ ∇ワほ∠ャ͡ ヶ͡わハ
∠ ゅ∠ヘセ
∠ れ
⊥ ∇ゲｚカぺ∠»
(I have reserved my int ercession on t he Day of Resurrect ion for t hose among my Ummah who
commit maj or sins.)'' Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ン∠ゲわ∠ ∇プやギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and whoever set s up part ners wit h Allah in worship, he has indeed invent ed a t remendous sin.)
is similar t o His st at ement ,
び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ユ∇ヤヌ
⊥ ∠ャポ
∠ ∇ゲゼ
あャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, j oining ot hers in worship wit h Allah is a great Zulm (wrong) indeed.) In t he Two Sahihs,
it is recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Which is t he great est sin' He
said,
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ や６ギル͡ ぶ
͡ モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠»
(To make a rival wit h Allah, while He Alone creat ed you.)''
ヴあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ͡ よ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ

∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺラ
∠ ヲぁミゴ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
ブ
∠ Β∠ミ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ルや - Κ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ
- ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠
ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョあゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠
リ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや∠ヱろ ͡ ∇らイ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よラ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥
-Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠
ギ∠ イ
͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ
͡ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ リ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠
(49. Have you not seen t hose who claim sanct it y for t hemselves Nay, but Allah sanct ifies whom
He wills, and t hey will not be dealt wit h inj ust ice even equal t o t he ext ent of a Fat il.) (50.
Look, how t hey invent a lie against Allah, and enough is t hat as a manifest sin.) (51. Have you
not seen t hose who were given a port ion of t he Script ure They believe in Jibt and Taghut and
say t o t hose who disbelieve, "These people are bet t er guided on t he way, '' t han t he believers.)
(52. They are t hose whom Allah has cursed, and he whom Allah curses, you will not find for him
(any) helper.)
Chastising and Cursing the Jews for Claiming Purity for Themselves
and Believing in Jibt and Taghut
Al-Hasan and Qat adah said, "This Ayah,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺラ
∠ ヲぁミゴ∠ Α⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
(Have you not seen t hose who claim sanct it y for t hemselves) was revealed about t he Jews and
Christ ians when t hey said, ` We are Allah's children and His loved ones.''' Ibn Zayd also said,
"This Ayah was revealed concerning t heir st at ement ,
びロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅｚらェ
͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや￢⊥ ゅ∠レ∇よぺ∠ リ
⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ
(We are t he children of Allah and His loved ones) and t heir st at ement ,
びン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワラ

∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやモ
∠カ
⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ
(None shall ent er Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christ ian).'' This is why Allah said,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヴあミゴ∠ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ

͡ よ∠ ぴ
(Nay, but Allah sanct ifies whom He wills,) meaning, t he decision in t his mat t er is wit h Allah
Alone, because He has perfect knowledge of t he t rue realit y and secret s of all t hings. Allah
t hen said,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey will not be dealt wit h inj ust ice even equal t o t he ext ent of a Fat il, ) meaning, He
does no inj ust ice wit h anyone's compensat ion in any part of his reward, even if it was t he
weight of a Fat il. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Al-Hasan, Qat adah and ot hers among
t he Salaf said t hat Fat il means, "The scalish t hread in t he long slit of t he dat e-st one.'' Allah
said,
びゆ
∠ グ͡ ム∠ ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ブ
∠ Β∠ミ ∇ゲヌ
⊥ ルやぴ
(Look, how t hey invent a lie against Allah,) claiming purit y for t hemselves, t heir claim t hat
t hey are Allah's children and His loved ones, t heir st at ement ;
びン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ワラ

∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやモ
∠カ
⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ リ∠ャぴ
(None shall ent er Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christ ian) t heir st at ement ;
びれ
∃ キ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇バョｚゅ⇔ョゅｚΑぺ∠ Ι
∠ ま͡ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠レジ
ｚヨ∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ャぴ
(The Fire shall not t ouch us but for a number of days) and t heir reliance on t he right eous deeds
of t heir forefat hers. Allah has decreed t hat t he good act ions of t he fat hers do not help t he
children, when He said,
びユ⊥わ∇らジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅｚョユ⊥ムャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ヰャ∠ ∇ろヤ∠カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀るョｚぺ⊥ マ
∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ぴ
(That was a nat ion who has passed away. They shall receive t he reward of what t hey earned
and you of what you earn). Allah t hen said,
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and enough is t hat as a manifest sin. ) meaning, t hese lies and fabricat ions of t heirs are
sufficent . Allah's st at ement ,
ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ
びれ
͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャや∠ヱろ ͡ ∇らイ
͡ ∇ャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥
(Have you not seen t hose who were given a port ion of t he Script ure They believe in Jibt and
Taghut ). Muhammad bin Ishaq said from Hassan bin Fa'id t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "Jibt
is sorcery and Taghut is t he Shayt an.'' Abu Nasr Isma` il bin Hammad Al-Jawhari, t he renowned
scholar, said in his book As-Sihah, "Al-Jibt means idol, soot hsayer and sorcerer.'' Ibn Abi Hat im
recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah was asked about Taghut , and he said, "They are soot hsayers
upon whom t he devils descend.'' Muj ahid said "Taghut is a devil in t he shape of man, and t hey
refer t o him for j udgment .'' Imam Malik said, "Taghut is every obj ect t hat is worshipped inst ead
of Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored.''
Disbelievers Are not Better Guided Than Believers

Allah said,
リ
∠ ョ͡ ン∠ギ∇ワぺ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ラ
びΚ ⇔ Β͡らシ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
(and say t o t hose who disbelieve, "These people are bet t er guided on t he way," t han t he
believers.) preferring t he disbelievers over Muslims, because of t heir ignorance, un-religious
nat ure and disbelief in Allah's Book which is before t hem. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ikrimah
said, "Huyay bin Akht ab and Ka` b bin Al-Ashraf (t wo Jewish leaders) came t o t he people of
Makkah, who said t o t hem, ` You (Jews) are people of t he Book and knowledge, so j udge us and
Muhammad.' They said, ` Describe yourselves and describe Muhammad.' They said, ` We keep
relat ion wit h kit h and kin, slaught er camels (for t he poor), release t he indebt ed and provide
wat er for t he pilgrims. As for Muhammad he is wit hout male children, he severed our relat ions,
and t he t hieves who rob pilgrims (t he t ribe of) Ghifar follow him. So who is bet t er, we or him'
They said, ` You are more right eous and bet t er guided.' Thereaft er, Allah sent down,
びゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヴャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
(Have you not seen t hose who were given a port ion).'' This st ory was also report ed from Ibn
` Abbas and several ot hers among t he Salaf. Allah's Curse on t he Jews This Ayah 4:52 cont ains
a curse for t he Jews and informs t hem t hat t hey have no support er in t his life or t he Hereaft er,
because t hey sought t he help of t he idolat ors. They ut t ered t his st at ement in Ayah 4:51 t o
lure t he disbelievers int o support ing t hem, and t hey ult imat ely gat hered t heir forces for t he
bat t le of Al-Ahzab, forcing t he Prophet and his Companions t o dig a defensive t unnel around Al-
Madinah. But , Allah saved t he Muslims from t heir evil,
や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヌ

͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやキｚケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
ゅ⇔Α∂ヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャやリ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠
びや⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠
(And Allah drove back t hose who disbelieved in t heir rage, t hey gained no advant age (boot y).
Allah sufficed for t he believers in t he fight ing. And Allah is Ever All-St rong, All-Might y).
サ∠ ゅｚレャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι
ｚや⇔ク͡みプ∠ マ
͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠
ょ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ や∠￢べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ
∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ
ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ イ
∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ギｚタ∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢
びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ ∠
(53. Or have t hey a share in t he dominion Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even
a Naqir.) (54. Or do t hey envy men for what Allah has given t hem of His bount y Then, We have
already given t he family of Ibrahim t he Book and Al-Hikmah, and conferred upon t hem a great
kingdom.) (55. Of t hem were (some) who believed in it , and of t hem were (some) who rej ect ed
it ; and enough is Hell for burning (t hem).)
The Envy and Miserly Conduct of the Jews

Allah asked t he Jews if t hey have a share in t he dominion. That is merely a st at ement of
rebuke, since t hey do not have any share in t he dominion. Allah t hen described t hem as misers,
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ サ
∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι
ｚや⇔ク͡みプ∠ ぴ
(Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even a Naqir.) Meaning, if t hey had a share in
t he sovereignt y and dominion, t hey would not give anyone anyt hing, especially Muhammad ,
even if it was t he speck on t he back of a dat e-st one, which is t he meaning of Naqir according
t o Ibn ` Abbas and t he maj orit y of t he scholars. This Ayah is similar t o anot her of Allah's
st at ement s,
や⇔クま͡ ヴあよケ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ リ

∠ も͡ へ∠ゴカ
∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ヲャｚモ⊥ホぴ
びベ
͡ ゅ∠ヘルΗ
͡ やる∠ Β∠ ∇ゼカ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムジ
∠ ∇ョΕ
(Say: "If you possessed t he t reasure of t he mercy of my Lord, t hen you would surely wit hold it
out of fear of spending it .) meaning, for fear t hat what you have might end, alt hough t here is
no such possibilit y here. This only demonst rat es t heir greedy and st ingy nat ure. This is why
Allah said,
びや⇔ケヲ⊥わホ∠ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ジ∇ルΗやラ
(And man is ever Qat ur) meaning Bakhil (st ingy). Allah t hen said,
リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ

∠ サ
∠ ヱ⊥ギジ
⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠
(Or do t hey envy men for what Allah has given t hem of His Bount y) referring t o t heir envy of
t he Prophet for t he great prophet hood t hat Allah ent rust ed him wit h. Their envy made t hem
rej ect him, because he was an Arab and not from t he Children of Israel. At -Tabarani recorded
t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
びサ
∠ ヱ⊥ギジ
⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
(Or do t hey envy men) means, "We are t he wort hy people, rat her t han t he rest of t he people.''
Allah said,
る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ や∠￢べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠
(Then, We have already given t he family of Ibrahim t he Book and Al-Hikmah, and conferred
upon t hem a great kingdom.) meaning, We gave t he prophet hood t o t he t ribes of t he Children
of Israel, who are among t he offspring of Ibrahim and sent down t he Books t o t hem. These
Prophet s ruled t he Jews wit h t he prophet ic t radit ion, and We made kings among t hem. Yet ,
びヮ͡ よ͡ リ
∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ
(Of t hem were (some) who believed in it ;) referring t o Allah's favor and bount y (Prophet s,
Books, kingship),
びヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ギｚタ
∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and of t hem were (some) who rej ect ed it ) by disbelieving in it , ignoring it , and hindering t he
people from it s pat h, alt hough t his bount y was from and for t hem, t he Children of Israel. They
disput ed wit h t heir own Prophet s; so what about you, O Muhammad , especially since you are
not from t he Children of Israel Muj ahid said,
びヮ͡ よ͡ リ
∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠ ぴ
(Of t hem were (some) who believed in him ,) "Muhammad ,
びヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ギｚタ
∠ リｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and of t hem were (some) who rej ect ed him .)'' Therefore, O Muhammad, t he rej ect ion of you
because of t heir disbelief is even more severe and t hey are even furt her from t he t rut h t hat
you brought t hem. This is why Allah t hreat ened t hem,
びや⇔ゲΒ͡バシ
∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ イ
∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and enough is Hell for burning (t hem).), meaning, t he Fire is a j ust punishment for t hem
because of t heir disbelief, rebellion and defiance of Allah's Books and Messengers.
ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ヤ∇ダル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ

ｚま͡ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βビ∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ヤィ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャギｚよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ
⊥ ∇ろイ ∠ツ ͡ ル∠
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ゆ ∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや
ろ
∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ
∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プリ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠
びΚ ⇔ Β͡ヤニ∠ Κ ６ ⇒͡ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ
͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ り∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚト
∠ ョぁァ∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ
(56. Surely, t hose who disbelieved in Our Ayat , We shall burn t hem in Fire. As oft en as t heir
skins are roast ed t hrough, We shall change t hem for ot her skins t hat t hey may t ast e t he
punishment . Truly, Allah is Ever Most Powerful, All-Wise.) e(57. But t hose who believe and do
deeds of right eousness, We shall admit t hem t o Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise),
abiding t herein forever. Therein t hey shall have Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es), and
We shall admit t hem t o shades, wide and ever deepening.)
The Punishment of Those Who Disbelieve in Allah's Books and

Messengers
Allah describes t he t orment in t he Fire of Jahannam for t hose who disbelieve in His Ayat and
hinder from t he pat h of His Messengers. Allah said,
びゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ

ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, t hose who disbelieved in Our Ayat ,) meaning, We will place t hem in t he Fire which
will encompass every part of t heir bodies. Allah t hen st at es t hat t heir punishment and t orment
are everlast ing,
ゅ∠ワゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ や⇔キヲ⊥ヤィ
⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ャギｚよ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ
⊥ ∇ろイ∠ツ ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ
びゆ
∠ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ホヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャ͡
(We shall burn t hem in Fire. As oft en as t heir skins are roast ed t hrough, We shall change t hem
for ot her skins t hat t hey may t ast e t he punishment ). Al-A` mash said t hat Ibn ` Umar said,
"When t heir skin are burned, t hey will be given anot her skin in replacement , and t his skin will
be as whit e as paper.'' This was collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im, who also recorded t hat Al-Hasan
said,
び∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ
⊥ ∇ろイ
∠ツ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ
(As oft en as t heir skins are roast ed t hrough,) "Their skin will be roast ed t hrough, sevent y
t housand t imes every day.'' Husayn said; Fudayl added t hat Hisham said t hat Al-Hasan also said
t hat ,
び∇ユワ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤィ
⊥ ∇ろイ
∠ツ͡ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ
(As oft en as t heir skins are roast ed t hrough, ) means, "Whenever t he Fire has roast ed t hem
t hrough and consumed t heir flesh, t hey will be t old, ` Go back as you were before,' and t hey
will.''
The Wealth of the Righteous; Paradise and its Joy

Allah said,
∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ
͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ
∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
べ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠
びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠
(But t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, We shall admit t hem t o Gardens under
which rivers flow (Paradise), abiding t herein forever.) describing t he dest inat ion of t he happy
ones in t he gardens of Eden, beneat h which rivers flow in all of it s areas, spaces and corners,
wherever t hey desire and wish. They will reside in it for et ernit y, and t hey will not be
t ransferred or removed from it , nor would t hey want t o move from it . Allah said,
びり∀ ゲ∠ ヰｚト
∠ ョぁァ
∀ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ
(Therein t hey shall have Azwaj un Mut ahharat un (purified mat es),) free of menst ruat ion,
post nat al bleeding, filt h, bad manners and short comings. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means,
"They are purified of filt h and foul t hings.'' Similar was said by ` At a', Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, An-
Nakha` i, Abu Salih, ` At iyah, and As-Suddi. Muj ahid said t hat t hey are, free of urine,
menst ruat ion, spit , mucous and pregnancies.'' Allah's st at ement ,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ヤニ
∠ Κ
６ ⇒͡ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ
͡ ∇ギル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And We shall admit t hem t o shades, wide and ever deepening (Paradise).) means, wide,
ext ensive, pure and elegant shade. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet
said,
ゅ∠ヰヤあ͡ニヶ͡プょ
⊥ ミ͡ やｚゲャやゲ⊥ Β͡ジΑ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ イ
∠ゼ∠ ャ∠ る͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プラｚま͡»
«ギ∇ヤガ⊥ ∇ャやり∠ ゲ∠ イ
∠セ∠ :ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャュ∃ ゅハ
∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョ
(There is a t ree in Paradise, t hat if a rider t ravels under it s shade for a hundred years, he will
not cross it . It is t he Tree of Everlast ing Life.)
ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ヨェ ∠ Ιや ∇やヱぁキぽ⊥ゎラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ぴ

ｚま͡ メ͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ラ∠ぺサ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨム∠ ェ
∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨ͡バ͡ル
(58. Verily, Allah commands t hat you should render back t he t rust s t o t hose, t o whom t hey are
due; and t hat when you j udge bet ween men, you j udge wit h j ust ice. Verily, how excellent is
t he t eaching which He (Allah) gives you! Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer.)
The Command to Return the Trusts to Whomever They Are Due

Allah commands t hat t he t rust s be ret urned t o t heir right ful owners. Al-Hasan narrat ed t hat
Samurah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«マ∠ルゅ∠カ ∇リョ∠ ∇リガ

⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠マレ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇もやリ
͡ ョ∠ ヴャ͡まる∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョほ∠∇ャやキあぺ∠»
(Ret urn t he t rust t o t hose who ent rust ed you, and do not bet ray t hose who bet rayed you.)
Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of Sunan recorded t his Hadit h. This command refers t o all
t hings t hat one is expect ed t o look aft er, such as Allah's right s on His servant s: praying, Zakah,
fast ing, penalt ies for sins, vows and so fort h. The command also includes t he right s of t he
servant s on each ot her, such as what t hey ent rust each ot her wit h, including t he cases t hat are
not recorded or document ed. Allah commands t hat all t ypes of t rust s be fulfillled. Those who
do not implement t his command in t his life, it will be ext ract ed from t hem on t he Day of
Resurrect ion. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
り͡ ゅｚゼヤ͡ャｚゾわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ

∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴャ͡まベ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボエ ⊥ ∇ャやラ
ｚキｚ ∠ぽわ⊥ ∠ャ»
«￢ゅ∠ル∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ￢͡ ゅｚヨイ∠ ∇ャや
(The right s will be rendered back t o t hose t o whom t hey are due, and even t he sheep t hat does
not have horns will t ake revenge from t he horned sheep.) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn Jurayj
said about t his Ayah, "It was revealed concerning ` Ut hman bin Talhah from whom t he
Messenger of Allah t ook t he key of t he Ka` bah and ent ered it on t he Day of t he vict ory of
Makkah. When t he Prophet went out , he was recit ing t his Ayah,
びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ
͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ヨェ
∠ Ιや ∇やヱぁキぽ⊥ゎラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah commands t hat you should render back t he t rust s t o t hose, t o whom t hey are
due). He t hen called ` Ut hman and gave t he key back t o him.'' Ibn Jarir also narrat ed t hat
` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "When t he Messenger of Allah went out of t he Ka` bah, he was
recit ing t his Ayah,
びゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ろ
͡ ⇒∠レ⇒∠ヨェ
∠ Ιや ∇やヱぁキぽ⊥ゎラ∠ぺ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah commands t hat you should render back t he t rust s t o t hose, t o whom t hey are
due). May I sacrifice my fat her and mot her for him, I never heard him recit e t his Ayah before
t hat .'' It is popular t hat t his is t he reason behind revealing t he Ayah (4:58). Yet , t he applicat ion
of t he Ayah is general, and t his is why Ibn ` Abbas and Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiyyah said, "This
Ayah is for t he right eous and wicked,'' meaning it is a command t hat encompasses everyone.
The Order to Be Just

Allah said,
びメ
͡ ∇ギバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨム⊥ ∇エゎ∠ ラ∠ぺサ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨム∠ ェ
(and t hat when you j udge bet ween men, you j udge wit h j ust ice.) commanding j ust ice when
j udging bet ween people. Muhammad bin Ka` b, Zayd bin Aslam and Shahr bin Hawshab said;
"This Ayah was revealed about t hose in aut horit y'', meaning t hose who j udge bet ween people. A
Hadit h st at es,
ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ケ∠ ゅ∠ィや∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ゲイ

⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョユ͡ ミ͡ ゅ∠エ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ぶ
«ヮ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴャ͡まぶ
⊥ や
(Allah is wit h t he j udge as long as he does not commit inj ust ice, for when he does, Allah will
make him reliant on himself.) A st at ement goes, "One day of j ust ice equals fort y years of
worship.'' Allah said,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヌ
⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅｚヨバ͡ ル͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, how excellent is t he t eaching which He (Allah) gives you!) meaning, His commands t o
ret urn t he t rust s t o t heir owners, t o j udge bet ween people wit h j ust ice, and all of His
complet e, perfect and great commandment s and laws. Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ
∠ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Truly, Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer.) means, He hears your st at ement s and knows your
act ions.
∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハコ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや
ラ
∠ ヲレ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まメ
͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠
びΚ ⇔ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ ⊥ジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カマ
∠ ャ͡クゲ͡ カ
͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
(59. O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey t he Messenger, and t hose of you who are in
aut horit y. If you differ in anyt hing among yourselves, refer it t o Allah and His Messenger, if you
believe in Allah and in t he Last Day. That is bet t er and more suit able for final det erminat ion.)
The Necessity of Obeying the Rulers in Obedience to Allah

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,
ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡
(Obey Allah and obey t he Messenger, and t hose of you who are in aut horit y.) "Was revealed
about ` Abdullah bin Hudhafah bin Qays bin ` Adi, who t he Messenger of Allah sent on a milit ary
expedit ion.'' This st at ement was collect ed by t he Group, wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah At -
Tirmidhi said, "Hasan, Gharib''. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali said, "The Messenger of Allah
sent a t roop under t he command of a man from Al-Ansar. When t hey left , he became angry
wit h t hem for some reason and said t o t hem, ` Has not t he Messenger of Allah commanded you
t o obey me' They said, ` Yes.' He said, ` Collect some wood,' and t hen he st art ed a fire wit h t he
wood, saying, ` I command you t o ent er t he fire.' The people almost ent ered t he fire, but a
young man among t hem said, ` You only ran away from t he Fire t o Allah's Messenger. Therefore,
do not rush unt il you go back t o Allah's Messenger, and if he commands you t o ent er it , t hen
ent er it .' When t hey went back t o Allah's Messenger , t hey t old him what had happened, and
t he Messenger said,
る⊥ ハ
∠ ゅｚトャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ィゲ∠ カ
∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤカ
∠ キ∠ ∇ヲャ∠»
«フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プ
(Had you ent ered it , you would never have depart ed from it . Obedience is only in
right eousness.)'' This Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Abdullah
bin ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ょｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プユ͡ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ る⊥ ハ∠ ゅｚトャや∠ヱノ⊥ ∇ヨｚジャや»
る∃ Β∠ ダ
͡ ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ゲ∠ ョ͡ ぺ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃るΒ∠ ダ
͡ ∇バヨ∠ よ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∠ロゲ͡ ミ∠ ヱ∠
«る∠ハゅ∠デゅ∠ャヱ∠ ノ∠ ∇ヨシ ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠
(The Muslim is required t o hear and obey in t hat which he likes and dislikes, unless he was
commanded t o sin. When he is commanded wit h sin, t hen t here is no hearing or obeying.) This
Hadit h is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "We gave our pledge t o Allah's
Messenger t o hear and obey (our leaders), while act ive and ot herwise, in t imes of ease and
t imes of difficult y, even if we were deprived of our due shares, and t o not disput e t his mat t er
(leadership) wit h it s right ful people. The Prophet said,
ぶ
͡ やリ
∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ∩ゅ⇔ェや∠ヲよ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ や∇ヱゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡»
«ラゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥
(Except when you wit ness clear Kufr about which you have clear proof from Allah.)'' This Hadit h
is recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Anot her Hadit h narrat ed by Anas st at es t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
ヶ
ｘゼ͡ ら∠ ェ
∠ ギ∀ ∇らハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゲ∠ ョあぺ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや»
«る∠らΒ͡よ∠コヮ⊥ シ
∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ラ
ｚほ∠ミ∠
(Hear and obey (your leaders), even if an Et hiopian slave whose head is like a raisin, is made
your chief.) Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h. Umm Al-Husayn said t hat she heard t he Messenger
of Allah giving a speech during t he Farewell Haj j , in which he said;
∩͡ぶやゆ
͡ ゅ∠わム͡ よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∀ギ∇らハ
∠ モ
∠ ヨ͡ ∇バわ⊥ ∇シやヲ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ »
«やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや
(Even if a slave was appoint ed over you, and he rules you wit h Allah's Book, t hen list en t o him
and obey him.) Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. In anot her narrat ion wit h Muslim, t he Prophet
said,
«ゅ⇔ハヱ⊥ギ∇イョ∠ ゅ６Βゼ
͡ ら∠ ェ
∠ や⇔ギ∇らハ
∠»
(Even if an Et hiopian slave, whose nose was mut ilat ed...) In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat
Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶやネ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡レハ

∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
∩ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヵ͡ゲΒ͡ョぺ∠ ネ
∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶやヴ∠ダハ ∠
«ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヵ͡ゲΒ͡ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠
(Whoever obeys me, obeys Allah, and whoever disobeys me, disobeys Allah. Whoever obeys my
commander, obeys me, and whoever disobeys my commander, disobeys me.) This is why Allah
said,
びヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ぴ

(Obey Allah), adhere t o His Book,
びメ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and obey t he Messenger), adhere t o his Sunnah,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ

ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hose of you who are in aut horit y) in t he obedience t o Allah which t hey command you, not
what const it ut es disobedience of Allah, for t here is no obedience t o anyone in disobedience t o
Allah, as we ment ioned in t he aut hent ic Hadit h,
«フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プる⊥ ハ

∠ ゅｚトャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡»
(Obedience is only in right eousness.)
The Necessity of Referring to the Qur'an and Sunnah for Judgment

Allah said,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ

∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ハコ∠ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
びメ
͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱ
((And) if you differ in anyt hing amongst yourselves, refer it t o Allah and His Messenger).
Muj ahid and several ot hers among t he Salaf said t hat t he Ayah means, "(Refer) t o t he Book of
Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger.'' This is a command from Allah t hat what ever areas t he
people disput e about , whet her maj or or minor areas of t he religion, t hey are required t o refer
t o t he Qur'an and Sunnah for j udgment concerning t hese disput es. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ヨ⊥ ∇ムエ

⊥ プ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ リ͡ョヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And in what soever you differ, t he decision t hereof is wit h Allah). Therefore, what ever t he
Book and Sunnah decide and t est ify t o t he t rut h of , t hen it , is t he plain t rut h. What is beyond
t rut h, save falsehood This is why Allah said, u
びゲ͡ カ
͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まぴ
(if you believe in Allah and in t he Last Day.) meaning, refer t he disput es and conflict s t hat
arise bet ween you t o t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger for j udgment . Allah's
st at ement ,
びゲ͡ カ
͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まぴ
(if you believe in Allah and in t he Last Day. ) indicat es t hat t hose who do not refer t o t he Book
and Sunnah for j udgment in t heir disput es, are not believers in Allah or t he Last Day. Allah
said,
び∀ゲ∇Β∠カマ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
(That is bet t er) meaning, referring t o t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger for
j udgment in various disput es is bet t er,
びΚ
⇔ Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ リ
⊥ジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and more suit able for final det erminat ion.) meaning, "Has a bet t er end and dest inat ion,'' as As-
Suddi and several ot hers have st at ed while Muj ahid said, "Carries a bet t er reward.''
メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ ⊥ ∇ゴΑ∠ リ
∇やヲ⊥ヨミ∠ ゅ∠エわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャやヴ∠ャま͡
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ
∠ Β͡ホや∠クま͡ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚヤツ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺリ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャや
ろ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠
へ∠クま͡ ブ ∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ - や⇔キヱ⊥ギタ ⊥ マ ∠ レ∠ハラ ∠ ヱぁギダ⊥ Α∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや
ポ
∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠
- ゅ⇔ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ Ι ｚま͡ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠
∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやマ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ
びゅ⇔ピΒ͡ヤよ∠ Ι
⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚモ⊥ホヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヌハ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠
(60. Have you not seen t hose (hyprocrit es) who claim t hat t hey believe in t hat which has been
sent down t o you, and t hat which was sent down before you, and t hey wish t o go for j udgment
(in t heir disput es) t o t he Taghut while t hey have been ordered t o rej ect t hem. But Shayt an
wishes t o lead t hem far ast ray. ) (61. And when it is said t o t hem: "Come t o what Allah has sent
down and t o t he Messenger,'' you see t he hypocrit es t urn away from you wit h aversion.) (62.
How t hen, when a cat ast rophe befalls t hem because of what t heir hands have sent fort h, t hey
come t o you swearing by Allah, "We meant no more t han goodwill and conciliat ion!'') (63. They
(hypocrit es) are t hose of whom Allah knows what is in t heir heart s; so t urn aside from t hem (do
not punish t hem) but admonish t hem, and speak t o t hem an effect ive word t o reach t heir inner
selves.)
Referring to Other than the Qur'an and Sunnah for Judgment is

Characteristic of Non-Muslims
Allah chast ises t hose who claim t o believe in what Allah has sent down t o His Messenger and t o
t he earlier Prophet s, yet t hey refer t o ot her t han t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His
Messenger for j udgment in various disput es. It was report ed t hat t he reason behind revealing
t his Ayah was t hat a man from t he Ansar and a Jew had a disput e, and t he Jew said, "Let us
refer t o Muhammad t o j udge bet ween us.'' However, t he Muslim man said, "Let us refer t o Ka` b
bin Al-Ashraf (a Jew) t o j udge bet ween us.'' It was also report ed t hat t he Ayah was revealed
about some hypocrit es who pret ended t o be Muslims, yet t hey sought t o refer t o t he j udgment
of Jahiliyyah. Ot her reasons were also report ed behind t he revelat ion of t he Ayah. However,
t he Ayah has a general meaning, as it chast ises all t hose who refrain from referring t o t he
Qur'an and Sunnah for j udgment and prefer t he j udgment of what ever t hey chose of falsehood,
which befit s t he descript ion of Taghut here. This is why Allah said,
びれ
͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨミ∠ ゅ∠エわ∠ Α∠ ラ∠ぺラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ
(and t hey wish t o go for j udgment t o t he Taghut ) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔キヱ⊥ギタ
⊥ マ
∠ レ∠ハラ
∠ ヱぁギダ
⊥ Α∠ ぴ
(t urn away from you wit h aversion) means, t hey t urn away from you in arrogance, j ust as Allah
described t he polyt heist s,
ノ⊥ ら͡ わｚル∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヮ⊥ ヤｚャやメ

∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ
∠ Β͡ホや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョ
(When it is said t o t hem: "Follow what Allah has sent down.'' They say: "Nay! We shall follow
what we found our fat hers following.'') This is different from t he conduct of t he fait hful
believers, whom Allah describes as,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ハキ⊥ や∠クま͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやメ ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
びゅ∠レ∇バデ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠
(The only saying of t he fait hful believers, when t hey are called t o Allah and His Messenger, t o
j udge bet ween t hem, is t hat t hey say: "We hear and we obey.'')
Chastising the Hypocrites

Chast ising t he hypocrit es, Allah said,
び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ へ∠クま͡ ブ
∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ぴ
(How t hen, when a cat ast rophe befalls t hem because of what t heir hands have sent fort h,)
meaning, how about it if t hey feel compelled t o j oin you because of disast ers t hat t hey suffer
due t o t heir sins, t hen t hey will be in need of you.
ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ Ι
ｚま͡ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ポ
∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィｚユを⊥ ぴ
びゅ⇔ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠
(They come t o you swearing by Allah, "We meant no more t han goodwill and conciliat ion!'')
apologizing and swearing t hat t hey only sought goodwill and reconciliat ion when t hey referred
t o ot her t han t he Prophet for j udgment , not t hat t hey believe in such alt ernat ive j udgment , as
t hey claim. Allah describes t hese people t o us furt her in His st at ement ,
∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ∀チ∠ゲョｚユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プリ
∠ Α͡グャｚやン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ ぴ
びヴ∠ゼ∇ガル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠
(And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease (of hypocrisy), t hey hurry t o t heir
friendship, saying: "We fear''), unt il,
びリ
∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ͡プ ∇やヱぁゲシ
∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(Then t hey will become regret ful for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in t hemselves).
At -Tabarani recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Abu Barzah Al-Aslami used t o be a soot hsayer who
j udged bet ween t he Jews in t heir disput es. When some Muslims came t o him t o j udge bet ween
t hem, Allah sent down,
メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨハ
⊥ ∇ゴΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
びマ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ マ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
(Have you not seen t hose (hyprocrit es) who claim t hat t hey believe in t hat which has been sent
down t o you, and t hat which was sent down before you), unt il,
びゅ⇔ボΒ͡プ∇ヲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ジ∇ェま͡ Ι
ｚま͡ べ∠ル∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ぴ
("We meant no more t han goodwill and conciliat ion!'') Allah t hen said,
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ リ

(They (hypocrit es) are t hose of whom Allah knows what is in t heir heart s;) These people are
hypocrit es, and Allah knows what is in t heir heart s and will punish t hem accordingly, for
not hing escapes Allah's wat ch. Consequent ly, O Muhammad! Let Allah be sufficient for you in
t his regard, because He has perfect knowledge of t heir apparent and hidden affairs. This is why
Allah said,
∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(so t urn aside from t hem (do not punish t hem)) meaning, do not punish t hem because of what
is in t heir heart s.
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヌハ
͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(but admonish t hem) means, advise t hem against t he hypocrisy and evil t hat reside in t heir
heart s,
びゅ⇔ピΒ͡ヤよ∠ Ι
⇔ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚモ⊥ホヱ∠ ぴ
(and speak t o t hem an effect ive word t o reach t heir inner selves) advise t hem, bet ween you
and t hem, using effect ive words t hat might benefit t hem.
∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ネ
∠ ゅ∠トΒ⊥ ャ͡ Ι
ｚまメ ∃ ヲ⊥シケｚリ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シゅ∠プポ∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ
ｚク͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠
- ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚゅ⇔よやｚヲゎ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヲ∠ャメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ
ゲ∠ イ ∠セ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プポ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあエ∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι∠ マ ∠ よあケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠
ろ ∠ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚヨョあゅ⇔ィ∠ゲェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ͡ ヘ⊥ ルぺ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι
∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠
(64. We sent no Messenger, but t o be obeyed by Allah's leave. If t hey, when t hey were unj ust
t o t hemselves, had come t o you and begged Allah's forgiveness, and t he Messenger had begged
forgiveness for t hem, indeed, t hey would have found Allah All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (65.
But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h, unt il t hey make you j udge in all disput es bet ween
t hem, and find in t hemselves no resist ance against your decisions, and accept (t hem) wit h full
submission.)
The Necessity of Obeying the Messenger

Allah said,
びネ
∠ ゅ∠トΒ⊥ ャ͡ Ι
ｚまメ
∃ ヲ⊥シケｚリ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤシ
(We sent no Messenger, but t o be obeyed) meaning, obeying t he Prophet was ordained for
t hose t o whom Allah sends t he Prophet . Allah's st at ement ,
͡ ク⊥ み͡よ͡ ぴ
(by Allah's leave) means, "None shall obey, except by My leave,'' according t o Muj ahid. This
Ayah indicat es t hat t he Prophet s are only obeyed by whomever Allah direct s t o obedience. In
anot her Ayah, Allah said,
びヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁジエ

⊥ ゎ∠ ∇クま͡ ロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah did indeed fulfill His promise t o you when you were killing t hem (your enemy) wit h
His permission) meaning, by His command, decree, will and because He grant ed you superiorit y
over t hem. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
ｚク͡ま ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(If t hey (hypocrit es), when t hey had been unj ust t o t hemselves,) direct s t he sinners and
evildoers, when t hey commit errors and mist akes, t o come t o t he Messenger , so t hat t hey ask
Allah for forgiveness in his presence and ask him t o supplicat e t o Allah t o forgive t hem. If t hey
do t his, Allah will forgive t hem and award t hem His mercy and pardon. This is why Allah said,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚゅ⇔よやｚヲゎ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヲ∠ャぴ

(t hey would have found Allah All-Forgiving (One Who forgives and accept s repent ance), Most
Merciful).
One Does not Become a Believer Unless He Refers to the Messenger

for Judgment and Submits to his Decisions
Allah said,
ゲ∠ イ
∠セ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プポ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあエ
∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ
∠ ラ
∠ マ
∠ よあケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠
(But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h, unt il t hey make you j udge in all disput es
bet ween t hem,) Allah swears by His Glorious, Most Honorable Self, t hat no one shall at t ain
fait h unt il he refers t o t he Messenger for j udgment in all mat t ers. Thereaft er, what ever t he
Messenger commands, is t he plain t rut h t hat must be submit t ed t o inwardly and out wardly.
Allah said,
ろ
∠ ∇Βツ
∠ ホ∠ ゅｚヨョあゅ⇔ィ∠ゲェ
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ジゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤあジ
∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠
(and find in t hemselves no resist ance against your decisions, and accept (t hem) wit h full
submission.) meaning: t hey adhere t o your j udgment , and t hus do not feel any hesit at ion over
your decision, and t hey submit t o it inwardly and out wardly. They submit t o t he Prophet 's
decision wit h t ot al submission wit hout any rej ect ion, denial or disput e. Al-Bukhari recorded
t hat ` Urwah said, "Az-Zubayr quarreled wit h a man about a st ream which bot h of t hem used for
irrigat ion. Allah's Messenger said t o Az-Zubayr,
«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィヴャ͡ま￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやモ

͡シ
͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠Α ペ
͡ ∇シや»
(O Zubayr! Irrigat e (your garden) first , and t hen let t he wat er flow t o your neighbor.) The
Ansari became angry and said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Is it because he is your cousin' On t hat ,
t he face of Allah's Messenger changed color (because of anger) and said,
ヴ∠ャま͡ ノ∠ ィ
͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやザ
͡ ら͡ ∇ェやｚユを⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ コ⊥ ゅ∠Α ペ
͡ ∇シや»
«ポ͡ケゅ∠ィヴャ͡ま￢∠ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやモ ͡シ ͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ケ∇ギイ
∠ ∇ャや
(Irrigat e (your garden), O Zubayr, and t hen wit hhold t he wat er unt il it reaches t he walls
(surrounding t he palms). Then, release t he wat er t o your neighbor.) So, Allah's Messenger gave
Az-Zubayr his full right when t he Ansari made him angry. Before t hat , Allah's Messenger had
given a generous j udgment , beneficial for Az-Zubayr and t he Ansari. Az-Zubayr said, ` I t hink
t he following verse was revealed concerning t hat case,
ゲ∠ イ
∠セ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プポ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあエ
∠ Α⊥ ヴｚわェ
∠ ラ
∠ マ
∠ よあケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠
(But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h, unt il t hey make you (O Muhammad ) j udge in all
disput es bet ween t hem.)''' Anot her Reason In his Tafsir, Al-Hafiz Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin ` Abdur-
Rahman bin Ibrahim bin Duhaym recorded t hat Damrah narrat ed t hat t wo men t ook t heir
disput e t o t he Prophet , and he gave a j udgment t o t he benefit of whoever among t hem had
t he right . The person who lost t he disput e said, "I do not agree.'' The ot her person asked him,
"What do you want t hen'' He said, "Let us go t o Abu Bakr As-Siddiq.'' They went t o Abu Bakr and
t he person who won t he disput e said, "We went t o t he Prophet wit h our disput e and he issued a
decision in my favor.'' Abu Bakr said, "Then t he decision is t hat which t he Messenger of Allah
issued.'' The person who lost t he disput e st ill rej ect ed t he decision and said, "Let us go t o
` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab.'' When t hey went t o ` Umar, t he person who won t he disput e said, "We
t ook our disput e t o t he Prophet and he decided in my favor, but t his man refused t o submit t o
t he decision.'' ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab asked t he second man and he concurred. ` Umar went t o
his house and emerged from it holding aloft his sword. He st ruck t he head of t he man who
rej ect ed t he Prophet 's decision wit h t he sword and killed him. Consequent ly, Allah revealed,
びラ
∠ マ
∠ よあケ∠ ヱ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(But no, by your Lord, t hey can have no fait h).
ヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホやラ ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ Ιｚま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇カや
ギｚセ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ム∠ャヮ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヌハ ∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠
- ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ べ⇒ｚルギ⊥ ャｚリあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎΙ ∂ や⇔ク͡まヱ∠ - ゅ⇔わΒ͡ら∇んゎ∠
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやノ͡ ト͡ Α⊥ リョ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠
リ∠ ョあユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやノ∠ ョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱ
リ∠ジ ⊥ェ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼぁャや∠ヱリ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダあャや∠ヱリ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャや
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ モ ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャやマ ∠ ャ͡ク - ゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠
(66. And if We had ordered t hem (saying), "Kill yourselves (i.e. t he innnocent ones kill t he
guilt y ones) or leave your homes,'' very few of t hem would have done it ; but if t hey had done
what t hey were t old, it would have been bet t er for t hem, and would have st rengt hened t heir
convict ion;) (67. And indeed We would t hen have best owed upon t hem a great reward from
Ourselves.) (68. And indeed We would have guided t hem t o t he st raight way.) (69. And whoever
obeys Allah and t he Messenger, t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has
best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s, t he Siddiqin, t he mart yrs, and t he right eous. And how
excellent t hese companions are!) (70. Such is t he bount y from Allah, and Allah is sufficient as
All-Knower.)
Most People Disobey What They Are Ordered

Allah st at es t hat even if t he people were commanded t o commit what t hey were prohibit ed
from doing, most of t hem would not submit t o t his command, for t heir wicked nat ure is such
t hat t hey disput e orders. Allah has complet e knowledge of what has not occured, and how it
would be if and when it did occur. This is why Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホやラ
͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ゅｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And if We had ordered t hem (saying), "Kill yourselves (i.e. t he innnocent ones kill t he guilt y
ones)) unt il t he end of t he Ayah. This is why Allah said,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヌハ
∠ ヲ⊥Α ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(but if t hey had done what t hey were t old,) meaning, if t hey do what t hey were commanded
and refrain from what t hey were prohibit ed,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ｚャや⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ムャ∠ぴ
(it would have been bet t er for t hem,) t han disobeying t he command and commit t ing t he
prohibit ion,
びゅ⇔わΒ͡ら∇んゎ∠ ギｚセ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and would have st rengt hened t heir convict ion), st ronger Tasdiq (convict ion of fait h),
according t o As-Suddi.
びべ⇒ｚルギ⊥ ャｚリあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒レ∠ ∇Βゎ∠ Ι

∂ や⇔ク͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(And indeed We should t hen have best owed upon t hem from Ladunna) from Us,
∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ぴ
(A great reward), Paradise,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ

͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Αギ∠ ヰ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And indeed We should have guided t hem t o t he st raight way.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er.
Whoever Obeys Allah and His Messenger Will Be Honored by Allah

Allah t hen said,
ユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやノ∠ ョ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャやノ͡ ト
￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼぁャや∠ヱリ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ
あャや∠ヱリ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャやリ
∠ ョあユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
びゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺリ∠ジ⊥ェ∠ ヱ∠ リ
∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ
(And whoever obeys Allah and t he Messenger, t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on
whom Allah has best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s, t he Siddiqin, t he mart yrs, and t he
right eous. And how excellent t hese companions are!) Consequent ly, whosoever implement s
what Allah and His Messenger have commanded him and avoids what Allah and His Messenger
have prohibit ed, t hen Allah will grant him a dwelling in t he Residence of Honor. There, Allah
will place him in t he company of t he Prophet s, and t hose who are lesser in grade, t he t rue
believers, t hen t he mart yrs and t hen t he right eous, who are right eous inwardly and out wardly.
Allah t hen praised t his company,
びゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺリ
∠ジ
⊥ェ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And how excellent t hese companions are!) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "I heard t he
Messenger of Allah saying,
ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ∠ Βあカ
⊥ ゅｚャま͡ チ
⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ヶ
∠ ら͡ ル∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
«り∠ゲカ
͡ べ∇ャや∠ヱ
(Every Prophet who falls ill is given t he choice bet ween t his life and t he Hereaft er.) During t he
illness t hat preceded his deat h, his voice became weak and I heard him saying,
リ
∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャやリ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやノ∠ ョ∠ ぴ
びリ
∠ Βエ
͡ ヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼ
ぁャや∠ヱリ
∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ
あャや∠ヱ
(in t he company of t hose on whom Allah has best owed His grace, t he Prophet s, t he t rue
believers (Siddiqin), t he mart yrs and t he right eous) I knew t hen t hat he was being given t he
choice.'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. This Hadit h explains t he meaning of anot her Hadit h; t he
Prophet said before his deat h;
«ヴ∠ヤ∇ハほ∠∇ャやペ
͡ Β͡プゲｚャや (ヶ͡プ) ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»
(O Allah! In t he Most High Company) t hree t imes, and he t hen died, may Allah's best blessings
be upon him.
The Reason Behind Revealing this Honorable Ayah
Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "An Ansari man came t o t he Messenger of Allah
while feeling sad. The Prophet said t o him, ` Why do I see you sad' He said, ` O Allah's Prophet ! I
was cont emplat ing about somet hing.' The Prophet said, ` What is it ' The Ansari said, ` We come
t o you day and night , looking at your face and sit t ing by you. Tomorrow, you will be raised wit h
t he Prophet s, and we will not be able t o see you.' The Prophet did not say anyt hing, but lat er
Jibril came down t o him wit h t his Ayah,
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャやノ͡ ト͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びリ
∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャやリ
(And whoever obeys Allah and t he Messenger t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on
whom Allah has best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s), and t he Prophet sent t he good news t o
t he Ansari man.'' This Hadit h was narrat ed in Mursal form from Masruq, ` Ikrimah, ` Amir Ash-
Sha` bi, Qat adah and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas. This is t he version wit h t he best chain of narrat ors. Abu
Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded it wit h a different chain from ` A'ishah, who said; "A man came t o
t he Prophet and said t o him, ` O Messenger of Allah! You are more beloved t o me t han myself,
my family and children. Somet imes, when I am at home, I remember you, and I cannot wait
unt il I come and look at you. When I cont emplat e about my deat h and your deat h, I know t hat
you will be wit h t he Prophet s when you ent er Paradise. I fear t hat I might not see you when I
ent er Paradise.' The Prophet did not answer him unt il t he Ayah,
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ メ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャやノ͡ ト
￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ ゼぁャや∠ヱリ ∠ Β͡ボΑあギダ
あャや∠ヱリ ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャやリ
びゅ⇔ボΒ͡プケ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺリ∠ジ⊥ェ∠ ヱ∠ リ
∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ
(And whoever obeys Allah and t he Messenger, t hen t hey will be in t he company of t hose on
whom Allah has best owed His grace, of t he Prophet s, t he t rue believers, t he mart yrs, and t he
right eous. And how excellent t hese companions are!) was revealed t o him.'' This was collect ed
by Al-Hafiz Abu ` Abdullah Al-Maqdisi in his book, Sifat Al-Jannah, he t hen comment ed, "I do
not see problems wit h t his chain.'' And Allah knows best . Muslim recorded t hat Rabi` ah bin
Ka` b Al-Aslami said, "I used t o sleep at t he Prophet 's house and bring him his wat er for ablut ion
and his needs. He once said t o me, ` Ask me.' I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I ask t hat I be your
companion in Paradise.' He said, ` Anyt hing except t hat ' I said, ` Only t hat .' He said,
«キヲ⊥イジ
ぁャやり͡ ゲ∠ ∇んム∠ よ͡ マ
∠ジ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴヤ∠ハヶあレハ
͡ ほ∠プ∠ »
(Then help me (fulfill t his wish) for you by performing many prost rat ions.)'' Imam Ahmad
recorded t hat ` Amr bin Murrah Al-Juhani said, "A man came t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Allah's
Messenger! I bear wit ness t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat you
are t he Messenger of Allah, pray t he five (daily prayers), give t he Zakah due on my wealt h and
fast t he mont h of Ramadan.' The Messenger of Allah said,
リ
∠ ⇒⇒ΒあΒら͡ レｚャやノ∠ ⇒⇒⇒∠ョラ
∠ ゅ∠ミや∠グ⇒⇒⇒∠ワヴヤ∠ハれ ∠ ゅ⇒⇒⇒∠ョ ∇リ⇒⇒⇒∠ョ»
∠ュ∇ヲ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒∠Α ͡￢や∠ギ∠ヰ⇒⇒ぁゼャや∠ヱ ∠リΒ͡ボΑあギ⇒⇒あダャや∠ヱ
ｚペバ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ら⊥ ∇タぺ⊥ ょ ∠ ダ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ やグ∠ムワ∠ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
«ヮ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡や∠ヱ
(Whoever dies in t his st at e will be wit h t he Prophet s, t he t rut hful and mart yrs on t he Day of
Resurrect ion, as long as - and he raised his finger - he is not disobedient t o his parent s.)'' Only
Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h. Great er news t han t his is in t he aut hent ic Hadit h collect ed in t he
Sahih and Musnad compilat ions, in Mut awat ir form, narrat ed by several Companions t hat t he
Messenger of Allah was asked about t he person who loves a people, but his st at us is not close
t o t heirs. The Messenger said,
«ょ∠ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ￢⊥ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや»

(One is wit h t hose whom he loves.) Anas comment ed, "Muslims were never happier t han wit h
t his Hadit h.'' In anot her narrat ion, Anas said, "I love t he Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr and
` Umar, and I hope t hat Allah will resurrect me wit h t hem, even t hough I did not perform
act ions similar t o t heirs.'' Allah said,
∠ ョ͡ モ
⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャやマ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
(Such is t he bount y from Allah) meaning, from Allah by His mercy, for it is He who made t hem
suit able for t his, not t heir good deeds.
(and Allah is sufficient as All-Knower), He knows t hose who deserve guidance and success.
れ
∃ ゅ∠らを⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ルゅ∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グェ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∇ラみ͡プ∠ リ
ｚゃ∠ ト
あら∠ Β⊥ ャｚリ∠ヨャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやヱ͡ ぺ∠
∇リミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ
ｚヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠
ぶやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∀モ∇ツ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョｚ
ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヴ͡レわ∠ Β∠ヤΑ り∀ キｚヲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚラ∠ほミ∠ リ
ｚャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌ∠ハや⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ コ∠ ヲ⊥プほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠
∇モわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ͡Ι ｘゅ͡よゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり∠ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽル⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ょヤ͡∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ぺ ∇モわ∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠
(71. O you who believe! Take your precaut ions, and eit her go fort h (on an expedit ion) in
part ies, or go fort h all t oget her.) (72. There is cert ainly among you he who would linger
behind. If a misfort une befalls you, he says, "Indeed Allah has favored me in t hat I was not
present among t hem.'') (73. But if a bount y comes t o you from Allah, he would surely say as if
t here had never been t ies of affect ion bet ween you and him, "Oh! I wish I had been wit h t hem;
t hen I would have achieved a great success.'') (74. So fight t hose who t rade t he life of t his
world wit h t he Hereaft er, in t he cause of Allah, and whoever fight s in t he cause of Allah, and is
killed or get s vict ory, We shall best ow on him a great reward.)
The Necessity of Taking Necessary Precautions Against the Enemy

Allah commands His fait hful servant s t o t ake precaut ions against t heir enemies, by being
prepared wit h t he necessary weapons and supplies, and increasing t he number of t roops
fight ing in His cause.
びれ
∃ ゅ∠らを⊥ ぴ
(in part ies) means, group aft er group, part y aft er part y, and expedit ion aft er expedit ion. ` Ali
bin Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
びれ
∃ ゅ∠らを⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ルゅ∠プぴ
(and eit her go fort h in part ies) means, "In groups, expedit ion aft er expedit ion,
∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ルやヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ
(or go fort h all t oget her), means, all of you.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, As-
Suddi, Qat adah, Ad-Dahhak, ` At a' Al-Khurrasani, Muqat il bin Hayyan and Khusayf Al-Jazari.
Refraining from Joining Jihad is a Sign of Hypocrites

Allah said,
びリ
ｚゃ∠ ト
あら∠ Β⊥ ャｚリ∠ヨャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(There is cert ainly among you he who would linger behind.) Muj ahid and ot hers said t hat t his
Ayah was revealed about t he hypocrit es. Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat ,
びリ
ｚゃ∠ ト
あら∠ Β⊥ ャｚぴ
(linger behind) means, st ays behind and does not j oin Jihad. It is also possible t hat t his person
himself lingers behind, while luring ot hers away from j oining Jihad. For inst ance, ` Abdullah bin
Ubayy bin Salul, may Allah curse him, used t o linger behind and lure ot her people t o do t he
same and refrain from j oining Jihad, as Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir st at ed. This is why Allah said
about t he hypocrit e, t hat when he lingers behind from Jihad, t hen:
び∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ∇わら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ

(If a misfort une befalls you) deat h, mart yrdom, or - by Allah's wisdom - being defeat ed by t he
enemy,
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇リミ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇クま͡ ヴ
ｚヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
(he says, "Indeed Allah has favored me t hat I was not present among t hem.'') meaning, since I
did not j oin t hem in bat t le. Because he considers t his one of Allah's favors on him, unaware of
t he reward t hat he might have gained from enduring war or mart yrdom, if he was killed.
びぶやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∀モ∇ツ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(But if a bount y comes t o you from Allah) such as vict ory, t riumph and boot y,
びり∀ キｚヲ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャｚラ∠ほミ∠ リ

ｚャ∠ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ
(he would surely say - as if t here had never been t ies of affect ion bet ween you and him,)
meaning, as if he was not a follower of your religion,
∠ や⇔コ∇ヲプ∠ コ∠ ヲ⊥プほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ろ
⊥ レ⊥ミヴ͡レわ∠ Β∠ヤΑぴ
("Oh! I wish I had been wit h t hem; t hen I would have achieved a great success.'') by being
assigned a share of t he boot y and t aking possession of t hat share. This is his ult imat e aim and
obj ect ive.
The Encouragement to Participation in Jihad

Allah t hen said,
び∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ぴ

(So fight ) t he believer wit h an aversion (t o fight ing),
ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり∠ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ゼΑ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プぴ
びり͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘゅ͡よ
(t hose who t rade t he life of t his world wit h t he Hereaft er) referring t o t hose sell t heir religion
for t he meager goods of t he world, and t hey only do t his because of t heir disbelief and lack of
fait h. Allah t hen said;
フ
∠ ∇ヲジ
∠ プ∠ ∇ょヤ͡∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ぺ ∇モわ∠ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Βら͡ シ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽル⊥
(And whoever fight s in t he cause of Allah, and is killed or get s vict ory, We shall best ow on him
a great reward.) meaning, whoever fight s in t he cause of Allah, whet her he was killed or
t riumphant , he will earn an immense compensat ion and a great reward wit h Allah. The Two
Sahihs recorded,
∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゅｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラま͡ ∩͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シヶ͡プギ͡ ワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ

⊥ やモ ∠ ヘｚム∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ »
ァ
∠ ゲ∠ カ
∠ ヵ͡グャｚやヮ͡ レ͡ ム∠ ∇ジョ∠ ヴャ͡まヮ⊥ バ∠ ィ
͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩∠るレｚイ
∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥
«る∠ヨΒ͡レビ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ メ ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∩ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡
(Allah has guarant eed t he Muj ahid in His cause t hat He will eit her bring deat h t o him,
admit t ing int o Paradise; or, He will help him ret urn safely t o his home wit h what ever reward
and boot y he gained.)
リ
∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ Ι∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
べ∠レよｚケ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ
͡ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャや∠ヱメ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあャやリ ∠ ョ͡
ゅ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやる͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠
- や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚリ͡ョゅ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚリ͡ョ
リ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ れ
͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ∠ ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠
びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミリ ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラｚま͡ リ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャや
(75. And what is wrong wit h you t hat you fight not in t he cause of Allah, and for t hose weak,
ill-t reat ed and oppressed among men, women, and children, whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us
from t his t own whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from You one who will prot ect ,
and raise for us from You one who will help.'') (76. Those who believe, fight in t he cause of
Allah, and t hose who disbelieve, fight in t he cause of t he Taghut . So fight against t he friends of
Shayt an; ever feeble indeed is t he plot of Shayt an.)
Encouraging Jihad to Defend the Oppressed

Allah encouraged His believing servant s t o perform Jihad in His cause and t o st rive hard t o save
t he oppressed Muslims in Makkah, men, women and children who were rest less because of
having t o remain t here. This is why Allah said,
びる͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャやロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ べ∠レよｚケ∠ ラ

∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ
(whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us from t his t own), referring t o Makkah. In a similar Ayah,
Allah said,
ヴ͡わャｚやマ
∠ わ͡ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョり⇔ ヲｚホ⊥ ギぁセ
∠ ぺ∠ ヴ
∠ ワ͡ る∃ Α∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リあョリあΑほ∠ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びマ∠ ∇わィ
∠ ゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠
(And many a t own, st ronger t han your t own which has driven you out ) Allah t hen describes t his
t own,
∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ マ

∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚリ͡ョゅ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィや∠ヱゅ∠ヰヤ⊥∇ワぺ∠ ユ͡ ヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ マ ∠ ∇ルギ⊥ ャｚリ͡ョゅ∠レャｚ
(whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from You one who will prot ect , and raise for us
from You one who will help) meaning, send prot ect ors and helpers for us. Al-Bukhari recorded
t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "I and my mot her were from t he oppressed (in Makkah).'' Allah t hen said,
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
びれ
͡ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠
(Those who believe, fight in t he cause of Allah, and t hose who disbelieve, fight in t he cause of
t he Taghut . ) Therefore, t he believers fight in obedience t o Allah and t o gain His pleasure,
while t he disbelievers fight in obedience t o Shayt an. Allah t hen encourages t he believers t o
fight His enemies,
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやギ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ラ
ｚま͡ リ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャや￢∠ ゅ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボプ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡バッ ∠
(So fight against t he friends of Shayt an; ever feeble indeed is t he plot of Shayt an).
∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ャま͡ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ

メ
⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱり∠ ヲ∠ヤダｚャや
∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる͡ Β∠ ∇ゼガ ∠ ミ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやラ ∠ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ペΑ͡ゲ∠プや∠クま͡
Ι∇ヲャ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ろ ∠ ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ る⇔ Β∠ ∇ゼカ
∠ ギｚセ∠ ぺ∠
∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ょ ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠レゎ∠ ∇ゲカｚぺ∠
- Κ ⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠ボゎｚやリ ͡ ヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カり⊥ ゲ∠ カ͡Ι ｘや∠ヱ
ァ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ムぁミ͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠
ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ る∀ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ り∃ ギ∠ Βｚゼ
∠ ョぁ
∇モホ⊥ ポ
∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあシ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ
͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ラ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ムΑ∠ Ι ∠ ュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ヰャ͡ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあモｘミ⊥
び ⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヰボ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠
リ͡ョマ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョ∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ る∃ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ
∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べｚョぴ
ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ Ι⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャマ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ マ∠ジ͡ ∇ヘルｚリ͡ヨプ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあシ
∠
びや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
(77. Have you not seen t hose who were t old t o hold back t heir hands (from fight ing) and
perform Salah and give Zakah, but when t he fight ing was ordained for t hem, behold! a sect ion
of t hem fear men as t hey fear Allah or even more. They say: "Our Lord! Why have You ordained
for us fight ing Would t hat You grant ed us respit e for a short period'' Say: "Short is t he
enj oyment of t his world. The Hereaft er is (far) bet t er for him who fears Allah, and you shall
not be dealt wit h unj ust ly even equal t o t he Fat il.) (78. "Wheresoever you may be, deat h will
overt ake you even if you are in fort resses built up st rong and high!'' And if some good reaches
t hem, t hey say, "This is from Allah,'' but if some evil befalls t hem, t hey say, "This is from you.''
Say: "All t hings are from Allah,'' so what is wrong wit h t hese people t hat t hey f ail t o underst and
any word) (79. What ever of good reaches you, is from Allah, but what ever of evil befalls you, is
from yourself. And We have sent you as a Messenger t o mankind, and Allah is sufficient as a
Wit ness.)
The Wish that the Order for Jihad be Delayed

In t he beginning of Islam, Muslims in Makkah were commanded t o perform t he prayer and pay
some charit y, so as t o comfort t he poor among t hem. They were also commanded t o be
forgiving and forbearing wit h t he idolat ors and t o observe pat ience wit h t hem at t he t ime.
However, t hey were eager and ant icipat ing t he t ime when t hey would be allowed t o fight , so
t hat t hey could punish t heir enemies. The sit uat ion at t hat t ime did not permit armed conflict
for many reasons. For inst ance, Muslims were few at t he t ime, compared t o t heir numerous
enemies. The Muslims' cit y was a sacred one and t he most honored area on t he eart h, and t his
is why t he command t o fight was not revealed in Makkah. Lat er on when t he Muslims cont rolled
a t own of t heir own, Al-Madinah, and had st rengt h, power and support , Jihad was t hen
legislat ed. Yet , when t he command t o fight was revealed, j ust as Muslims wished, some of
t hem became weary and were very fearful of facing t he idolat ors in bat t le.
ゅ∠レゎ∠ ∇ゲカ
ｚぺ∠ Ι∇ヲャ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ろ
∠ ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ユ∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レよｚケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
びょ∃ Α͡ゲホ∠ モ ∃ィ∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡
(They say: "Our Lord! Why have You ordained for us fight ing Would t hat You had grant ed us
respit e for a short period'') meaning, we wish t hat Jihad was delayed unt il a lat er t ime,
because it means bloodshed, orphans and widows. In a similar Ayah, Allah said,
へ∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴあル⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやメ

⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びメ
⊥ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ャやゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ヱ∠ る∀ ヨ∠ ム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀り∠ケヲ⊥シ ∇ろャ∠ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺ
(Those who believe say: "Why is not a Surah sent down (for us) But when a decisive is sent
down, and fight ing is ment ioned). Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` Abdur-
Rahman bin ` Awf and several of his companions came t o t he Prophet while in Makkah and said,
"O Allah's Prophet ! We were might y when we were pagans, but when we embraced t he fait h,
we became weak.'' The Prophet said,
«ュ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャややヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヲ͡ ∇ヘバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よれ

⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ヶあルま͡»
(I was commanded t o pardon t he people, so do not fight t hem.) When Allah t ransferred t he
Prophet t o Al-Madinah, He commanded him t o fight (t he idolat ors), but t hey (some Muslims)
held back. So, Allah revealed t he Ayah;
び∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ

∠ Β͡ホリ
(Have you not seen t hose who were t old t o hold back t heir hands) This Hadit h was collect ed by
An-Nasa'i and Al-Hakim. Allah's st at ement ,
びヴ∠ボゎｚやリ
͡ ヨ∠ ャあ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カり⊥ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘや∠ヱ ∀モΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやノ⊥ ⇒∠わョ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Short is t he enj oyment of t his world. The Hereaft er is (far) bet t er for him who fears
Allah,) means, t he dest inat ion of t he one who wit h Taqwa is bet t er for him t han t his life.
びΚ
⇔ Β͡わプ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌゎ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and you shall not be dealt wit h unj ust ly even equal t o t he Fat il.) for your good deeds. Rat her,
you will earn your full rewards for t hem. This promise direct s t he focus of believers away from
t his life and makes t hem eager for t he Hereaft er, all t he while encouraging t hem t o fight in
Jihad.
There is No Escaping Death

Allah said,
ァ
∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ れ
⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ぁムミ͡ケ∇ギΑ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ぴ
びり∃ ギ∠ Βｚゼ
∠ ョぁ
(Wheresoever you may be, deat h will overt ake you even if you are in fort resses built up st rong
and high!) meaning, you shall cert ainly die and none of you shall ever escape deat h. Allah said,
びラ
∃ ゅ∠プゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ
(What sooever is on it (t he eart h) will perish),
びれ
͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやる⊥ ボ∠ も͡ へ∠クザ
∃ ∇ヘル∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ
(Everyone shall t ast e deat h), and,
びギ∠ ∇ヤガ
⊥ ∇ャやマ
∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョゲ∃ ゼ
∠ ら∠ ャ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
(And We grant ed not t o any human being immort alit y before you). Therefore, every soul shall
t ast e deat h and not hing can save any person from it , whet her he perf ormed Jihad or not .
Everyone has an appoint ed t ime, and a limit ed t erm of life. In t he illness t hat preceded his
deat h, Khalid bin Al-Walid said, while in his bed, "I part icipat ed in so and so number of bat t les,
and every part of my body sust ained an inj ury due t o a st ab or a shot . Yet here I am, I die in
my bed! Let not t he eyes of t he cowards ever t ast e sleep.'' Allah's st at ement ,
びり∃ ギ∠ Βｚゼ
∠ ョぁァ
∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(even if you are in fort resses built up st rong and high!) means, ent renched, fort ified, high and
t owering. No caut ion or fort ificat ion can ever avert deat h.
The Hypocrites Sense a Bad Omen Because of the Prophet !

Allah said,
びる∀ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ
͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(And if some good reaches t hem) meaning, fert ile years and provision of fruit s, produce,
children, et c., as said by Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Al-` Aliyah and As-Suddi.
びる∀ ゃ∠ Βあシ
͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ
(t hey say, "This is from Allah,'' but if some evil befalls t hem) drought , famine, short ages of
fruit s and produce, deat h t hat st rikes t heir children or animals, and so fort h, as Abu Al-` Aliyah
and As-Suddi st at ed.
びポ
∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ぴ
(t hey say, "This is from you,'') meaning, because of you and because we followed you and
embraced your religion. Allah said about t he people of Fir` awn,
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇らダ
͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワゅ∠レ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホる⊥ レ∠ ジ
∠エ
∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィや∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
びヮ⊥ バ∠ ｚョリ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨよ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲΒｚトｚ Α∠ る∀ ゃ∠ Βあシ
∠
(But whenever good came t o t hem, t hey said: "Ours is t his.'' And if evil afflict ed t hem, t hey
ascribed it t o evil omens connect ed wit h Musa and t hose wit h him.) Allah said,
びフ
∃ ∇ゲェ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやギ⊥ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョサ
∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And among mankind is he who worships Allah as it were upon t he edge (i. e. in doubt )). The
same is t he st at ement ut t ered by t he hypocrit es, who embraced Islam out wardly, but disliked
it inwardly. This is why when a calamit y befell t hem, t hey at t ribut ed it t o following t he
Prophet . Consequent ly, Allah revealed,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあモ

ｘミ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
Say: All t hings are from Alla0h, Allah's st at ement t hat all t hings are from Him means,
everyt hing occurs by t he decision and decree of Allah, and His decision shall come t o pass for
bot h t he right eous and t he wicked, t he fait hful and t he disbelievers. Allah t hen said while
addressing His Messenger , but refering t o mankind in general,
∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ る∃ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ
∠ ∇リョ͡ マ
∠ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べｚョぴ
(What ever of good reaches you, is from Allah,) meaning, of Allah's bount y, favor, kindness and
mercy.
びマ
∠ジ͡ ∇ヘルｚリ͡ヨプ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Βあシ
∠ リ͡ョマ
∠ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(But what ever of evil befalls you, is from yourself.), meaning because of you and due t o your
act ions. Similarly, Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろら∠ ジ

∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ る∃ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ら∠ ⇒∠タぺ∠ べョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠
(And what ever of misfort une befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned. And He
pardons much.) As-Suddi, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Zayd said t hat ,
びマ
∠ジ͡ ∇ヘルｚリ͡ヨプ∠ ぴ
(from yourself) means, because of your errors. Qat adah said t hat ,
びマ
∠ジ͡ ∇ヘルｚリ͡ヨプ∠ ぴ
(From yourself) means, as punishment for you, O son of Adam, because of your sins. Allah said,
びΙ
⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ サ
͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャマ
∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And We have sent you as a Messenger t o mankind,) so t hat you convey t o t hem Allah's
commandment s, what He likes and is pleased wit h, and what He dislikes and refuses.
(and Allah is sufficient as a Wit ness.) t hat He has sent you. He is also Wit ness over you and
t hem, having full knowledge in what you convey t o t hem and t he disbelief and rebellion wit h
which t hey respond t o t he t rut h.
べ∠ヨプ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎリ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやネ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ メ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやノ͡ ト͡ Α⊥ ∇リョｚぴ

や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀る∠ハゅ∠デラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヘェ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ マ ∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠
ン͡グャｚやゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョある∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デろ∠ Βｚよ∠ ポ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠
∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョょ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱメ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠
びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇モミｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠
(80. He who obeys t he Messenger, has indeed obeyed Allah, but he who t urns away, t hen We
have not sent you as a wat cher over t hem.) (81. They say: "We are obedient ,'' but when t hey
leave you, a sect ion of t hem spends all night in planning ot her t han what you say. But Allah
records t heir night ly (plot s). So t urn aside from t hem (do not punish t hem), and put your t rust
in Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.)
Obeying the Messenger is Obeying Allah

Allah st at es t hat whoever obeys His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , obeys Allah; and
whoever disobeys him, disobeys Allah. Verily, what ever t he Messenger ut t ers is not of his own
desire, but a revelat ion inspired t o him. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat
∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶやネ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ »

∩ヶ͡レハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ョほ∠∇ャやネ
∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ぶやヴ∠ダハ ∠
«ヶ͡ルゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ョほ∠∇ャやヴ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠
(Whoever obeys me, obeys Allah; and whoever disobeys me, disobeys Allah. Whoever obeys t he
Amir (leader, ruler), obeys me; and whoever disobeys t he Amir, disobeys me.) This Hadit h was
recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヘェ
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ マ
∠ ⇒∠レ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨプ∠ ヴｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎリ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(But he who t urns away, t hen We have not sent you as a wat cher over t hem.) means, do not
worry about him. Your j ob is only t o convey, and whoever obeys you, he will acquire happiness
and success and you will gain a similar reward t o t hat he earns. As for t he one who t urns away
from you, he will gain failure and loss and you will not carry a burden because of what he does.
A Hadit h st at es,
ゾ
͡ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ギセ
∠ ケ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ∠ やノ͡ ト ͡ Α⊥ ∇リョ∠ »
«ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ルゅｚャま͡ ぁゲツ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ
∠ や
(Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger, will acquire guidance; and whoever disobeys Allah
and His Messenger, will only harm himself.)
The Foolishness of the Hypocrites

Allah said,
び∀る∠ハゅ∠デラ
(They say: "We are obedient ,''). Allah st at es t hat t he hypocrit es pret end t o be loyal and
obedient .
びポ
∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥コゲ∠ よ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(but when t hey leave you), meaning, when t hey depart and are no longer wit h you,
びメ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ン͡グャｚやゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョある∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デろ
∠ Βｚよ∠ ぴ
(a sect ion of t hem spends all night in planning ot her t han what you say). They plot at night
among t hemselves for ot her t han what t hey pret end when t hey are wit h you. Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥わΒあら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ョょ
⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(But Allah records t heir night ly (plot s).) meaning, He has full knowledge of t heir plot s and
records it t hrough His command t o His scribes, t he angels who are responsible for recording t he
act ions of t he servant s. This is a t hreat from Allah, st at ing t hat He knows what t he hypocrit es
t ry t o hide, t heir plot t ing in t he night t o defy t he Messenger and oppose him, even t hough t hey
pret end t o be loyal and obedient t o him. Allah will cert ainly punish t hem for t his conduct . In a
similar Ayah, Allah said,
びゅ∠レ∇バデ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ メ
͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャゅ͡よヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よゅｚレョ∠ へラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(They (hypocrit es) say: "We have believed in Allah and in t he Messenger, and we obey,'') unt il
t he end of t he Ayah. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(So t urn aside from t hem) means, pardon t hem, be forbearing wit h t hem, do not punish t hem,
do not expose t hem t o t he people and do not fear t hem.
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇モミｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and put your t rust in Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.) meaning,
He is sufficient as Prot ect or, Support er and Helper for t hose who rely on Him and ret urn t o
Him.
ゲ͡ ∇Βビ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ラ∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カやヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギィ
∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
∇やヲ⊥ハや∠クぺ∠ フ
͡ ∇ヲガ ∠ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ リ͡ ∇ョΙｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキケ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡
モ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥トら͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡
びΚ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ リ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バら∠ ｚゎΙ
∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(82. Do t hey not t hen consider t he Qur'an carefully Had it been from ot her t han Allah, t hey
would surely, have found t herein cont radict ions in abundance). (83. When t here comes t o t hem
some mat t er t ouching (public) safet y or fear, t hey make it known (among t he people); if only
t hey had referred it t o t he Messenger or t o t hose charged wit h aut horit y among t hem, t he
proper invest igat ors would have underst ood it from t hem (direct ly). Had it not been for t he
grace and mercy of Allah upon you, you would have followed Shayt an, except a few of you.)
The Qur'an is True

Allah commands t hem t o cont emplat e about t he Qur'an and forbids t hem from ignoring it , or
ignoring it s wise meanings and eloquent words. Allah st at es t hat t here are no inconsist encies,
cont radict ions, conflict ing st at ement s or discrepancies in t he Qur'an, because it is a revelat ion
from t he Most -Wise, Wort hy of all praise. Therefore, t he Qur'an is t he t rut h coming from t he
Trut h, Allah. This is why Allah said in anot her Ayah,
びべ∠ヰャ⊥ゅ∠ヘ∇ホぺ∠ ゆ
∃ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ュぺ∠ ラ
∠ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲよｚギ∠ わ∠ Α∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
(Do t hey not t hen t hink deeply in t he Qur'an, or are t heir heart s locked up (from underst anding
it )) Allah t hen said,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ∇Βビ

∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(Had it been from ot her t han Allah,) meaning, had it been fraudulent and made up, as t he
ignorant idolat ors and hypocrit es assert in t heir heart s,
びゅ⇔ヘ⇒∠ヤわ͡ ∇カやヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ィ∠ヲ∠ャぴ

(t hey would surely, have found t herein cont radict ions), discrepancies and inconsist encies,
びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぴ
(in abundance). However, t his Qur'an is free of short comings, and t herefore, it is from Allah.
Similarly, Allah describes t hose who are firmly grounded in knowledge,
びゅ∠レよあケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあモ

ｘミ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ぴ
(We believe in it , all of it is from our Lord.)(3:7) meaning, t he Muhkam sect ions (ent irely clear)
and t he Mut ashabih sect ions (not ent irely clear) of t he Qur'an are all t rue. So t hey underst and
t he not ent irely clear from t he clear, and t hus gain guidance. As for t hose in whose heart is t he
disease of hypocrisy, t hey underst and t he Muhkam from t he Mut ashabih; t hus only gaining
misguidance. Allah praised t hose who have knowledge and crit icized t he wicked. Imam Ahmad
recorded t hat ` Amr bin Shu` ayb said t hat his fat her said t hat his grandfat her said, "I and my
brot her were present in a gat hering, which is more precious t o me t han red camels. My brot her
and I came and found t hat some of t he leaders of t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah
were sit t ing close t o a door of his. We did not like t he idea of being separat e from t hem, so we
sat near t he room. They t hen ment ioned an Ayah and began disput ing unt il t hey raised t heir
voices. The Messenger of Allah was so angry t hat when he went out his face was red. He t hrew
sand on t hem and said t o t hem,
∩∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ユ⊥ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャやろ ͡ ム∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ⊥ や∠グヰ∠ よ͡ ∩͡ュ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α ゅ⇔ヤ∇ヰョ∠ »

ゅ∠ヰツ
∠ ∇バよ∠ ょ ∠ わ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ャやユ͡ ヰ͡ よ͡ ∇ゲッ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ も͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カゅ͡よ
∩ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゆ ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ ∇メゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ラ ∠ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやラ
ｚま͡ ∩∃ヂ∇バら∠ よ͡
ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇プゲ∠ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∩ゅ⇔ツ∇バよ∠ ヮ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ベ⊥ あギダ
∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡
«ヮ͡ヨャ͡ゅ∠ハヴャ͡まロ⊥ ヱぁキゲ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ィ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ やヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇ハゅ∠プ
(Behold, O people! This is how t he nat ions before you were dest royed, because of t heir
disput ing wit h t heir Prophet s and t heir cont radict ing part s of t he Books wit h ot her part s. The
Qur'an does not cont radict it self. Rat her, it t est ifies t o t he t rut h of it self. Therefore, what ever
of it you have knowledge in, t hen implement it , and what ever you do not know of it , t hen refer
it t o t hose who have knowledge in it . )" Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "I went
t o t he Messenger of Allah one day. When we were sit t ing, t wo men disput ed about an Ayah,
and t heir voices became loud. The Prophet said,
«ゆゅ∠わム͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ プ͡ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カゅ͡よ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ユ⊥ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャやろ

͡ ム∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡»
(Verily, t he nat ions before you were dest royed because of t heir disagreement s over t he Book.)
Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h
The Prohibition of Disclosing Unreliable and Uninvestigated News

Allah said,
͡ ∇ヲガ
∠ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ リ
͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ よ͡
(When t here comes t o t hem some mat t er t ouching (public) safet y or fear, t hey make it known
(among t he people);) chast ising t hose who indulge in t hings before being sure of t heir t rut h,
disclosing t hem, making t hem known and spreading t heir news, even t hough such news might
not be t rue at all. In t he int roduct ion t o his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah
said t hat t he Prophet said,
«ノ͡ヨシ
∠ ゅ∠ョあモム⊥ よ͡ ゐ
∠ ギあエ
∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅ⇔よグ͡ ミ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ »
(Narrat ing everyt hing one hears is sufficient t o make a person a liar.) This is t he same narrat ion
collect ed by Abu Dawud in t he sect ion of Adab (manners) in his Sunan. In t he Two Sahihs, it is
recorded t hat Al-Mughirah bin Shu` bah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah prohibit ed, "It was
said,'' and, "So-and-so said.'' This Hadit h refers t o t hose who oft en convey t he speech t hat
people ut t er wit hout invest igat ing t he reliabilit y and t rut h of what he is disclosing. The Sahih
also records,
ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ∩∀ゆグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ン∠ゲΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゑ
∃ Α͡ギエ
∠ よ͡ ゐ
∠ ギｚェ ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
«リ∇Βよ∠ ク͡ ゅ∠ム∇ャやギ⊥ ェ
∠ ぺ∠
(Whoever narrat es a Hadit h while knowing it is false, t hen he is one of t he t wo liars (who
invent s and who spreads t he lie).) We should ment ion here t he Hadit h of ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab
collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. When ` Umar was informed t hat t he Messenger of Allah divorced
his wives, he came from his house, ent ered t he Masj id and found t he people t alking about t his
news. He could not wait and went t o t he Prophet t o ask him about what had t ruly happened,
asking him, "Have you divorced your wives'' The Prophet said, "No.'' ` Umar said, "I said, Allahu
Akbar...'' and ment ioned t he rest of t he Hadit h. In t he narrat ion t hat Muslim collect ed, ` Umar
said, "I asked, ` Have you divorced t hem' He said, ` No.' So, I st ood by t he door of t he Masj id and
shout ed wit h t he loudest voice, ` The Messenger of Allah did not divorce his wives.' Then, t his
Ayah was revealed,
͡ ∇ヲガ
∠ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ リ͡ ∇ョΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョあ ∀ゲ∇ョ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ゲ͡ ∇ョΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ロ⊥ ヱぁキケ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥トら͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡バ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡
(When t here comes t o t hem some mat t er t ouching (public) safet y or fear, t hey make it known
(among t he people), if only t hey had referred it t o t he Messenger or t o t hose charged wit h
aut horit y among t hem, t he proper invest igat ors would have underst ood it from t hem
(direct ly).) So I properly invest igat ed t hat mat t er. '' This Ayah refers t o proper invest igat ion, or
ext ract ion of mat t ers from t heir proper resources. Allah's st at ement ,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ リ
∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バら∠ ｚゎΙ
∠ぴ
(you would have followed Shayt an except a few of you. ) refers t o t he believers, as ` Ali bin Abi
Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas.
チ͡ ゲあェ ∠ ヱ∠ マ∠ジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ブ
⊥ ｚヤム∠ ゎ⊥ Ι
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ぴ
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやサ∠ ∇ほよ∠ ｚブム⊥ Α∠ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ∠ジハ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ
∠ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リｚョ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ムレ∠ゎギぁセ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ほよ∠ ギぁセ
∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ
∠ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ルヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠
￢∃ ∇ヴセ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョｚ ∀モ∇ヘ͡ミヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあシ ∠
∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ
∠ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲぁΒエ ∠ プ∠ る∃ Βｚエ
͡ わ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わΒあΒェ ⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔わΒ͡ボョぁ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや - ゅ⇔らΒ͡ジェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ べ∠ワヱぁキケ⊥
ょ∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚバ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ιｚま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι
び ⇔ゅんΑ͡ギ∠ェヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ベ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ
(84. Then fight in t he cause of Allah, you are not t asked (held responsible) except for yourself,
and incit e t he believers (t o fight along wit h you), it may be t hat Allah will rest rain t he evil
might of t he disbelievers. And Allah is St ronger in might and St ronger in punishing.) (85.
Whosoever int ercedes for a good cause, will have t he reward t hereof; and whosoever
int ercedes for an evil cause, will have a share in it s burden. And Allah is Ever All-Able t o do
everyt hing.) (86. When you are greet ed wit h a greet ing, greet in ret urn wit h what is bet t er
t han it , or (at least ) ret urn it equally. Cert ainly, Allah is Ever a Careful Account Taker of all
t hings.) (87. Allah! None has t he right t o be worshipped but He. Surely, He will gat her you
t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion about which t here is no doubt . And who is t ruer in
st at ement t han Allah)
Allah Commands His Messenger to Perform Jihad

Allah commands His servant and Messenger, Muhammad , t o himself fight in Jihad and not t o be
concerned about t hose who do not j oin Jihad. Hence Allah's st at ement ,
びマ
∠ジ∠ ∇ヘル∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ブ
∠ぴ
(you are not t asked (held responsible except for yourself,) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu
Ishaq said, "I asked Al-Bara bin ` Azib about a man who meet s a hundred enemies and st ill fight s
t hem, would he be one of t hose referred t o in Allah's st at ement ,
びる͡ ム∠ ヤ⊥∇ヰわｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤゎ⊥ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And do not t hrow yourselves int o dest ruct ion (by not spending your wealt h in t he cause of
Allah)) He said, ` Allah said t o His Prophet ,
チ
͡ ゲあェ
∠ ヱ∠ マ
ｚま͡ ブ
͡ Β͡らシ
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(Then fight in t he cause of Allah, you are not t asked (held responsible) except for yourself, and
incit e t he believers (t o fight along wit h you)).'' Imam Ahmad recorded Sulayman bin Dawud
saying t hat Abu Bakr bin ` Ayyash said t hat Abu Ishaq said, "I asked Al-Bara', ` If a man at t acks
t he lines of t he idolat ors, would he be t hrowing himself t o dest ruct ion' He said, ` No because
Allah has sent His Messenger and commanded him,
びマ
ｚま͡ ブ
͡ Β͡らシ
(Then fight in t he cause of Allah, you are not t asked (held responsible) except for yourself,)
That Ayah is about spending in Allah's cause .''
Inciting the Believers to Fight

Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやチ
͡ ゲあェ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and incit e t he believers) t o fight , by encouraging t hem and st rengt hening t heir resolve in t his
regard. For inst ance, t he Prophet said t o t he believers at t he bat t le of Badr, while organizing
t heir lines,
«チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱれ
⊥ や∠ヲヨｚジャやゅ∠ヰッ
⊥ ∇ゲハ
∠ ヴャ͡まやヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ホ»
(St and up and march fort h t o a Paradise, as wide as t he heavens and Eart h.) There are many
Hadit hs t hat encourage Jihad. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger
of Allah said,
ヴ∠ゎへ∠ヱ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダ
ｚャやュ∠ ゅ∠ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮ͡ャヲ⊥シ∠ケ∠ヱぶ ͡ ゅ͡よリ ∠ ョ∠ へ ∇リョ∠ »
∇ラぺ∠ ぶ
͡ やヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ６ボェ
∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∩∠ラゅ∠ツョ∠ ケ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠タヱ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ミゴｚャや
ヶ͡プザ∠ ヤ∠ィ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ぶ
͡ やモ ͡ Β͡らシ∠ ヶ͡プゲ∠ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ワ ∩∠る⇒ｚレイ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ
͡ ∇ギΑ⊥
«ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プギ∠ ャ͡ヱ⊥ ヶ͡わャｚやヮ͡ ッ
͡ ∇ケぺ∠
(Whoever believes in Allah and His Messenger, offers prayer, pays t he Zakah and fast s t he
mont h of Ramadan, will right fully be grant ed Paradise by Allah, no mat t er whet her he migrat es
in Allah's cause or remains in t he land where he is born.) The people said, ` O Allah's Messenger!
Shall we acquaint t he people wit h t his good news' He said,
リ∠ Α͡ギワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ⊥ やゅ∠ワギｚハ ∠ ぺ∠ る∃ ィ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョる͡ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プラｚま͡»
͡￢ゅ∠ヨジｚャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ
∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∩͡ぶやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヶ͡プ
ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩∠サ∇ヱキ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ャやロ⊥ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇シゅ∠プぶ ∠ やユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ
∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ
ス⊥ ∇ゲハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∩る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡るレｚイ ∠ ∇ャやテ ⊥シ∠ ヱ∠
«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャやケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰ∇ルぺ∠ ゲ⊥ イｚヘ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ∩͡リヨ∇ェゲｚャや
(Paradise has one hundred grades which Allah has reserved for t he Muj ahidin who fight in His
cause, t he dist ance bet ween each t wo grades is like t he dist ance bet ween t he heaven and t he
Eart h. So, when you ask Allah, ask for Al-Firdaws, which is t he best and highest part of
Paradise, above it is t he Throne of t he Most Beneficent (Allah) and from it originat e t he rivers
of Paradise.) There are various narrat ions for t his Hadit h from ` Ubadah, Mu` adh, and Abu Ad-
Darda'. Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩ゅ⇔レΑ͡キュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャゅ͡よヱ∠ ∩ゅ６よケ∠ ぶ

͡ ゅ͡よヶ
∠ッ
͡ ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ ギ∃ Β͡バシ
∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺゅ∠Α»
ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ６Βら͡ ル∠ ユ∂ヤシヱヮΒヤハぶやヴヤタ∃ギヨｚエ ∠ ヨ⊥ よ͡ ヱ∠
«る⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャや
(O Abu Sa` id! Whoever accept s Allah as his Lord, Islam as his religion and Muhammad as t he
Prophet , t hen he would right fully acquire Paradise.) Abu Sa` id liked t hese words and said, "O
Allah's Messenger! Repeat t hem for me.'' The Prophet repeat ed his words, t hen said,
ヶ͡プる∃ ィ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョゅ∠ヰよ͡ ギ∠ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャやぶ

⊥ やノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ »
￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ
ｚャやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩͡る⇒ｚレイ
∠ ∇ャや
«チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ
(And (t here is) anot her deed for which Allah raises t he servant a hundred grades in Paradise,
bet ween each t wo grades is t he dist ance bet ween heaven and Eart h.) Abu Sa` id said, "What is
it , O Allah's Messenger '' He said,
«ぶやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヶ͡プキ⊥ ゅ∠ヰイ
͡ ∇ャや»
(Jihad in Allah's cause.) This Hadit h was collect ed by Muslim. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ Α͡グャｚやサ
∠ ∇ほよ∠ ｚブム⊥ Α∠ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ∠ジハ
∠ぴ
(it may be t hat Allah will rest rain t he evil might of t he disbelievers. ) means, by your
encouraging t hem t o fight , t heir resolve will be st rengt hened t o meet t he enemy in bat t le, t o
defend Islam and it s people and t o endure and be pat ient against t he enemy. Allah's st at ement ,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ムレ∠ゎギぁセ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔シ∇ほよ∠ ギぁセ
∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is St ronger in might and St ronger in punishing.) means, He is able over t hem in t his
life and t he Hereaft er, j ust as He said in anot her Ayah,
ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャあリ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ダ

∠ わ∠ ∇ルΙ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
びヂ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ツ
∠ ∇バよ∠
(But if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could cert ainly have punished t hem (wit hout you).
But (He let s you fight ) in order t o t est some of you wit h ot hers) (47:4).
Interceding for a Good or an Evil Cause

Allah said,
びゅ∠ヰ∇レョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ルヮ⊥ ャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ

∠ェ
∠ る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ
∠ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リｚョぴ
(Whosoever int ercedes for a good cause, will have t he reward t hereof;) meaning, whoever
int ercedes in a mat t er t hat produces good result s, will acquire a share in t hat good.
びゅ∠ヰ∇レョｚ ∀モ∇ヘ͡ミヮ⊥ ｚャ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Βあシ

∠ る⇔ バ∠ ⇒∠ヘセ
∠ ∇ノヘ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whosoever int ercedes for an evil cause, will have a share in it s burden.) meaning, he will
carry a burden due t o what result ed from his int ercession and int ent ion. For inst ance, it is
recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet said,
ヮ͡ Βあら͡ ル∠ ラ
͡ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴヤ∠ハぶ
⊥ やヶ͡ツ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩やヱ⊥ゲィ
∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ やヲ⊥バヘ∠ ∇セや»
«￢ゅ∠セゅ∠ョ
(Int ercede and you will gain a reward of it . Yet , Allah shall decide what ever He wills by t he
words of His Prophet .) Muj ahid bin Jabr said, "This Ayah was revealed about t he int ercession of
people on behalf of each ot her.'' Allah t hen said,
びゅ⇔わΒ͡ボョぁ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
(And Allah is Ever Muqit over everyt hing.) Ibn ` Abbas, ` At a', ` At iyah, Qat adah and Mat ar Al-
Warraq said t hat ,
びゅ⇔わΒ͡ボョぁぴ
(Muqit ) means, "Wat cher.'' Muj ahid said t hat Muqit means, ` Wit ness', and in anot her narrat ion,
` Able t o do.'
Returning the Salam, With a Better Salam

Allah said,
びべ∠ワヱぁキケ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ

∠ジ
∠ ∇ェほ∠よ͡ ∇やヲぁΒエ
∠ プ∠ る∃ Βｚエ
͡ わ∠ よ͡ ユ⊥わΒあΒェ
⊥ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(When you are greet ed wit h a greet ing, greet in ret urn wit h what is bet t er t han it , or (at least )
ret urn it equally.) meaning, if t he Muslim greet s you wit h t he Salam, t hen ret urn t he greet ing
wit h a bet t er Salam, or at least equal t o t he Salam t hat was given. Therefore, t he bet t er Salam
is recommended, while ret urning it equally is an obligat ion. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu
Raj a' Al-` Ut aridi said t hat ` Imran bin Husayn said t hat a man came t o t he Messenger of Allah
and said, "As-Salamu ` Alaykum''. The Prophet ret urned t he greet ing, and aft er t he man sat
down he said, "Ten.'' Anot her man came and said, "As-Salamu ` Alaykum wa Rahmat ullah, O
Allah's Messenger.'' The Prophet ret urned t he greet ing, and aft er t he man sat down he said,
"Twent y.'' Then anot her man came and said, "As-Salamu ` Alaykum wa Rahmat ullah wa
Barakat uh.'' The Prophet ret urned t he greet ing, and aft er t he man sat down he said, "Thirt y.''
This is t he narrat ion recorded by Abu Dawud. At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Al-Bazzar also
recorded it . At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib''. There are several ot her Hadit hs on t his subj ect
from Abu Sa` id, ` Ali, and Sahl bin Hanif. When t he Muslim is greet ed wit h t he full form of
Salam, he is obliged t o ret urn t he greet ing equally. As for Ahl Adh-Dhimmah t he Salam should
not be init iat ed nor should t he greet ing be added t o when ret urning t heir greet ing. Rat her, as
recorded in t he Two Sahihs t heir greet ing is ret urned t o t hem equally. Ibn ` Umar narrat ed t hat
ュ⊥ ゅｚジャや :∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ユ∠ ヤｚシ
∠ や∠クま͡»
«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヱ∠ :∇モボ⊥ プ∠ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
(When t he Jews greet you, one of t hem would say, ` As-Samu ` Alayka (deat h be unt o you).'
Therefore, say, ` Wa ` Alayka (and t he same t o you).') In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu
Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩͡ュゅ∠ヤジｚャゅ͡よン∠ケゅ∠ダレｚャや∠ヱキ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャややヱ⊥ぺギ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
«ヮ͡ボΒ∠ ∇ッぺ∠ ヴャ͡ま ∇ユワ⊥ ヱぁゲト
∠ ∇ッゅ∠プペ
∃ Α͡ゲデ
∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ Β͡ボャ∠
(Do not init iat e greet ing t he Jews and Christ ians wit h t he Salam, and when you pass by t hem on
a road, force t hem t o it s narrowest pat h.) Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he
ヴｚわェ
∠ る∠ ⇒ｚレイ ∠ ∇ャややヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ»
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ぁャキ⊥ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ぺ∠ ∩やヲぁよゅ∠エゎ∠ ヴｚわェ∠ やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥
«ユ⊥ムレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤジｚャややヲ⊥ゼ∇プぺ∠ ∨∇ユわ⊥ ∇らよ∠ ゅ∠エゎ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ ゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠
(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will not ent er Paradise unt il you believe, and you will not
believe unt il you love each ot her. Should I direct you t o an act ion t hat would direct you t o love
each ot her Spread t he Salam among yourselves.) Allah said,
びヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι
(Allah! none has t he right t o be worshipped but He) informing t hat He is singled out as t he sole
God of all creat ion. Allah t hen said,
びヮ͡ Β͡プょ
∠ ∇Αケ∠ Ι
∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レｚバ∠ ヨ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ
(Surely, He will gat her you t oget her on t he Day of Resurrect ion about which t here is no doubt .)
swearing t hat He will gat her t he earlier and lat t er generat ions in one area, rewarding or
punishing each person according t o his or her act ions. Allah said,
びゅ⇔んΑ͡ギェ
∠ ョ͡ ベ
⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And who is t ruer in st at ement t han Allah) meaning, no one ut t ers more t rut hful st at ement s
t han Allah, in His promise, warning, st ories of t he past and informat ion of what is t o come;
t here is no deit y wort hy of worship nor Lord except Him.
ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ミ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱリ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
リョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモｚッ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇ヰゎ∠ ラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ ∠ ミ∠
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ ͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Κ ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠
∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠
∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎぁギ∠ィヱ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠
ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ͡ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ιｚま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡
∇れゲ∠ ダ ͡ ェ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ペ⇒∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠
∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ ⊥
∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハやラ ͡ み͡プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ボヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ト ∠ ヤｚジ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや￢∠ べ∠セ
∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠ジｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠
ラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠わ∠シ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
る͡ レ͡ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ゅ∠ョｚモミ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠
ユ∠ ヤ∠ジ
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ プ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥
∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヘボ͡ を͡ ゑ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠
(88. Then what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you are divided int o t wo part ies about t he
hypocrit es Allah has cast t hem back because of what t hey have earned. Do you want t o guide
him whom Allah has made t o go ast ray And he whom Allah has made t o go ast ray, you will
never find for him a way.) (89. They wish t hat you rej ect fait h, as t hey have rej ect ed, and t hus
t hat you all become equal (like one anot her). So t ake not Awliya' from t hem, t ill t hey emigrat e
in t he way of Allah. But if t hey t urn back, t ake (hold of) t hem and kill t hem wherever you find
t hem, and t ake neit her Awliya' nor helpers from t hem.) (90. Except t hose who j oin a group,
bet ween you and whom t here is a t reat y (of peace), or t hose who approach you wit h t heir
breast s rest raining from fight ing you as well as fight ing t heir own people. Had Allah willed,
indeed He would have given t hem power over you, and t hey would have fought you. So, if t hey
wit hdraw from you, and fight not against you, and offer you peace, t hen Allah has made no
way for you against t hem.) (91. You will find ot hers t hat wish t o have securit y from you and
securit y from t heir people. Every t ime t hey are sent back t o Fit nah, t hey yield t heret o. If t hey
wit hdraw not from you, nor offer you peace, nor rest rain t heir hands, t ake (hold of) t hem and
kill t hem wherever you Thaqift umuhum. In t heir case, We have provided you wit h a clear
warrant against t hem.)
Censuring the Companions for Disagreeing over the Hypocrites who

Returned to Al-Madinah Before Uhud
Allah crit icizes t he believers for disagreeing over t he hypocrit es. There are conflict ing opinions
over t he reason behind revealing t his Ayah. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Zayd bin Thabit said
t hat Messenger of Allah marched t owards Uhud. However, some people who accompanied him
went back t o Al-Madinah, and t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah divided int o t wo
groups concerning t hem, one saying t hey should be killed and t he ot her obj ect ing. Allah sent
down,
びリ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ
∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(Then what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you are divided int o t wo part ies about t he hypocrit es)
The Messenger of Allah said,
ゲ⊥ Β͡ム∇ャやヶ͡ヘ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩∠ゑら∠ ガ

∠ ∇ャやヶ͡ヘ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥るら∠ ∇Βデ
∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚま͡»
«ギΑ͡ギエ ∠ ∇ャやゑ
∠ ら∠ カ
∠
(She (Al-Madinah) is Taybah, and she expels filt h, j ust as t he billow expels rust from iron.) The
Two Sahihs also recorded t his Hadit h. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah was
revealed about some people in Makkah who said t hey embraced Islam, yet t hey gave t heir
support t o t he idolat ors. One t ime, t heses people went out of Makkah t o fulfill some needs and
said t o each ot her, "If we meet t he Companions of Muhammad, t here will be no harm for us
from t heir side.'' When t he believers got news t hat t hese people went out of Makkah, some of
t hem said, "Let us march t o t hese cowards and kill t hem, because t hey support your enemy
against you.'' However, anot her group from t he believers said, "Glory be t o Allah! Do you kill a
people who say as you have said, j ust because t hey did not perform Hij rah or leave t heir land Is
it allowed t o shed t heir blood and confiscat e t heir money in t his case'' So t hey divided t o t wo
groups, while t he Messenger was wit h t hem, and did not prohibit eit her group from reit erat ing
t heir argument . Thereaft er, Allah revealed,
びリ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ ゃ∠ プ͡ リ
∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(Then what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you are divided int o t wo part ies about t he hypocrit es)
Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his Hadit h. Allah said,
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ミ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(Allah has cast t hem back because of what t hey have earned.) meaning, He made t hem revert
t o, and fall int o error. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ミ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ
(Arkasahum) means, ` cast t hem' . Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ
(because of what t hey have earned) means, because of t heir defiance and disobedience t o t he
Messenger and following falsehood.
モ
͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
ｚッ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠ゎラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ
͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
(Do you want t o guide him whom Allah has made t o go ast ray And he whom Allah has made t o
go ast ray, you will never find for him a way.) meaning, t here will be no pat h for him, or way t o
guidance. Allah's st at ement ,
び￢⇔ へ∠ヲシ
∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱぁキヱ∠ ぴ
(They wish t hat you rej ect fait h, as t hey have rej ect ed, and t hus t hat you all become equal.)
means, t hey wish t hat you fall int o misguidance, so t hat you and t hey are equal in t hat regard.
This is because of t heir ext reme enmit y and hat red for you. Therefore, Allah said,
モ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲィ
͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ
∠ ￢∠ べΒ∠ ャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グガ ͡ わｚゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(So t ake not Awliya' from t hem, t ill t hey emigrat e in t he way of Allah. But if t hey t urn back,) if
t hey abandon Hij rah, as Al-` Awfi report ed from Ibn ` Abbas. As-Suddi said t hat t his part of t he
Ayah means, "If t hey make t heir disbelief public.''
Combatants and Noncombatants

Allah excluded some people;
び∀ペ⇒∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ

∠ ヲ⊥ヤダ
͡ Α∠ リ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Except t hose who j oin a group, bet ween you and whom t here is a t reat y (of peace),) meaning,
except t hose who j oin and t ake refuge wit h a people wit h whom you have a pact of peace, or
people of Dhimmah, t hen t reat t hem as you t reat t he people wit h whom you have peace. This
is t he saying of As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded t he st ory of
t he t reat y of Al-Hudaybiyyah, where it was ment ioned t hat whoever liked t o have peace wit h
Quraysh and conduct a pact wit h t hem, t hen t hey were allowed. Those who liked t o have
peace wit h Muhammad and his Companions and ent er a pact wit h t hem were allowed. It was
report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t his Ayah was lat er abrogat ed by Allah's st at ement ,
∠リΒ͡ミ͡ゲ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プュ⊥ ゲ⊥ エ

⊥ ∇ャやゲ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇セΕ∠やオ ∠ ヤ∠ジ∠ ルやや∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎぁギ∠ィヱ∠ ゑ
⊥ ∇Βェ ∠
(Then when t he Sacred Mont hs have passed, kill t he idolat ors wherever you find t hem) Allah
said,
び∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ⊥ギタ
⊥ ∇れゲ∠ ダ
͡ ェ
∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or t hose who approach you wit h t heir breast s rest raining) referring t o anot her t ype of people
covered by t he exclusion from fight ing. They are t hose who approach t he Muslims wit h
hesit at ion in t heir heart s because of t heir aversion t o fight ing t he Muslims. They do not have
t he heart t o fight wit h t he Muslims against t heir own people. Therefore, t hey are neit her wit h
nor against Muslims.
び∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ⇒∠ボヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ト
∠ ヤｚジ
∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(Had Allah willed, indeed He would have given t hem power over you, and t hey would have
fought you.) meaning, it is from Allah's mercy t hat He has st opped t hem from fight ing you.
びユ∠ ヤ∠ジ
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ボΑ⊥ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゴ∠ わ∠ ∇ハやラ
͡ み͡プ∠ ぴ
(So, if t hey wit hdraw from you, and fight not against you, and offer you peace,) meaning, t hey
revert t o peace,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(t hen Allah has opened no way for you against t hem), you do not have t he right t o kill t hem, as
long as t hey t ake t his posit ion. This was t he posit ion of Banu Hashim (t he t ribe of t he Prophet
), such as Al-` Abbas, who accompanied t he idolat ors in t he bat t le of Badr, for t hey j oined t he
bat t le wit h great hesit at ion. This is why t he Prophet commanded t hat Al-` Abbas not be killed,
but only capt ured. Allah's st at ement , d
∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥レョ∠ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺラ

∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡ゲカ
∠ や∠￢ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠わ∠シぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ヲホ∠
(You will find ot hers t hat wish t o have securit y from you and securit y from t heir people.) refers
t o a t ype of people who on t he surface appear t o be like t he t ype we j ust ment ioned. However,
t he int ent ion of each t ype is different , for t he lat t er are hypocrit es. They pret end t o be
Muslims wit h t he Prophet and his Companions, so t hat t hey could at t ain safet y wit h t he Muslims
for t heir blood, propert y and families. However, t hey support t he idolat ors in secret and
worship what t hey worship, so t hat t hey are at peace wit h t hem also. These people have
secret ly sided wit h t he idolat ors, j ust as Allah described t hem,
び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Β͡ト⇒∠Βセ

∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲヤ∠カ
(But when t hey are alone wit h t heir Shayat in, t hey say: "Truly, we are wit h you.''). In t his Ayah,
Allah said,
びゅ∠ヰΒ͡ プ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ジミ͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ る͡ レ͡ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヱぁキケ⊥ ゅ∠ョｚモミ⊥ ぴ

(Every t ime t hey are sent back t o Fit nah, t hey yield t heret o.) meaning, t hey dwell in Fit nah.
As-Suddi said t hat t he Fit nah ment ioned here refers t o Shirk. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Muj ahid
said t hat t he Ayah was revealed about a group from Makkah who used t o go t o t he Prophet in
Al-Madinah pret ending t o be Muslims. However, when t hey went back t o Quraysh, t hey
revert ed t o worshipping idols. They want ed t o be at peace wit h bot h sides. Allah commanded
t hey should be fought against , unless t hey wit hdraw from combat and resort t o peace. This is
why Allah said,
びユ∠ ヤ∠ジ
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ャゴ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(If t hey wit hdraw not from you, nor offer you peace) meaning, revert t o peaceful and
complacent behavior,
び∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲぁヘム⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor rest rain t heir hands) refrain from fight ing you,
び∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ
⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(t ake (hold of) t hem), capt ure t hem,
び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヘボ͡ を∠ ゑ

⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱぴ
(and kill t hem wherever you Thaqif t umuhum.), wherever you find t hem,
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ
⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ͡ゃ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥∠ヱぴ
(In t heir case, We have provided you wit h a clear warrant against t hem), meaning an
unequivocal and plain warrant .
リ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠トカ ∠ Ι ｚま͡ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ モ ∠ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ラ∠ぺリ ∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

∀る∠Αキ͡ ヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠トカ ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠
ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホギｚダｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ∠ ョぁ
ラ͡まヱ∠ る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∀リョ͡ ∇ぽ∇ョヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚｙヱギ⊥ ハ ∠
ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ∠ ョぁる∀ Α∠ ギ͡ プ∠ ∀ベゅ∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ
ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ ͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ヨプ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エゎ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠
ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョある⇔ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ョ⊥ リ͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ヰセ
∠
ユ⊥ レｚヰ∠ ィ∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴイ ∠ プ∠ や⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠
ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギｚハ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやょ
∠ ツ
͡ ビ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プや⇔ギ͡ャゅ∠カ
∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠
(92. It is not for a believer t o kill a believer except by mist ake; and whosoever kills a believer
by mist ake, he must set free a believing slave and submit compensat ion (blood money) t o t he
deceased's family unless t hey remit it . If t he deceased belonged t o a people at war wit h you
and he was a believer, t he freeing of a believing slave (is prescribed); and if he belonged t o a
people wit h whom you have a t reat y of mut ual alliance, t hen compensat ion (blood money)
must be paid t o his family, and a believing slave must be freed. And whoso finds t his beyond
his means, he must fast for t wo consecut ive mont hs in order t o seek repent ance from Allah.
And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (93. And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally, his
recompense is Hell t o abide t herein; and t he wrat h and t he curse of Allah are upon him, and a
great punishment is prepared for him.)
The Ruling Concerning Killing a Believer by Mistake

Allah st at es t hat t he believer is not allowed t o kill his believing brot her under any
circumst ances. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
∩⊥ぶやゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡まゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョやュ⊥ キ∠ モぁエ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ»
ザ
⊥ ∇ヘｚレャや :ゐ ∃ ゅ∠ヤを∠ ン∠ギ∇ェみ͡よ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ぶやメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶあル∠ぺ∠ヱ
ベ
⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡ギャ͡ ポ
⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚわャや∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡ルやｚゴャやょ ⊥ Βあんｚャや∠ヱ ∩͡ザ∇ヘレｚャゅ͡よ
«る∠ハゅ∠ヨイ ∠ ∇ヤャ͡
(The blood of a Muslim who t est ifies t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah and
t hat I am t he Messenger of Allah, is sacred, except in t hree inst ances. (They are:) life for life,
t he married adult erer, and whoever revert s from t he religion and abandons t he Jama` ah
(communit y of t he fait hful believers).) When one commit s any of t hese t hree offenses, it is not
up t o ordinary cit izens t o kill him or her, because t his is t he responsibilit y of t he Muslim Leader
or his deput y. Allah said,
びゅ⇔ゃ∠トカ
∠ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(except by mist ake). There is a difference of opinion concerning t he reason behind revealing
t his part of t he Ayah. Muj ahid and ot hers said t hat it was revealed about ` Ayyash bin Abi
Rabi` ah, Abu Jahl's half brot her, from his mot her's side, Asma' bint Makhrabah. ` Ayyash killed a
man called Al-Harit h bin Yazid Al-` Amiri, out of revenge for t ort uring him and his brot her
because of t heir Islam. That man lat er embraced Islam and performed Hij rah, but ` Ayyash did
not know t his fact . On t he Day of t he Makkan conquest , ` Ayyash saw t hat man and t hought t hat
he was st ill a disbeliever, so he at t acked and killed him. Lat er, Allah sent down t his Ayah.
` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Abu Ad-Darda'
because he killed a man aft er he embraced t he fait h, j ust as Abu Ad-Darda' held t he sword
above him. When t his mat t er was conveyed t o t he Messenger of Allah , Abu Ad-Darda' said, "He
only said t hat t o avert deat h.'' The Prophet said t o him,
«ヮ͡ら∇ヤホ∠ ∇リハ
∠ ろ
∠ ∇ボボ∠ セ
∠ ゅｚヤワ∠ »
(Have you opened his heart ) The basis for t his st ory is in t he Sahih, but it is not about Abu Ad-
Darda'. Allah said,
る∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∠トカ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ
∠ ョぁる∀ Α∠ キ͡ ヱ∠
(and whosoever kills a believer by mist ake, he must set free a believing slave and submit
compensat ion (blood money) t o t he deceased's family) t hus, ordaining t wo requirement s for
murder by mist ake. The first requirement is t he Kaffarah (fine) for t he great sin t hat has been
commit t ed, even if it was a mist ake. The Kaffarah is t o free a Muslim slave, not a non-Muslim
slave. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat a man from t he Ansar said t hat he brought a slave and said,
"O Messenger of Allah! I have t o free a believing slave, so if you see t hat t his slave is a believer,
I will free her.'' The Messenger of Allah asked her,
«∨⊥ぶやゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡まゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ リ

∠ Α͡ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ぺ∠»
(Do you t est ify t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah) She said, "Yes.'' He asked
her,
«∨͡ぶやメ
⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヶあルぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ぺ∠»
(Do you t est ify t hat I am t he Messenger of Allah) She said, "Yes.'' He asked,
«∨͡れ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゑ

͡ ∇バら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ぺ∠»
(Do you believe in Resurrect ion aft er deat h) She said, "Yes.'' The Prophet said,
«ゅ∠ヰ∇ボわ͡ ∇ハぺ∠»
(Then free her.) This is an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion, and not knowing t he name of t he
Ansari Companion does not lessen it s aut hent icit y. Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ る∀ ヨ∠ ヤｚジ

∠ ョぁる∀ Α∠ キ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and submit compensat ion (blood money) t o t he deceased's family) is t he second obligat ion
which involves t he killer and t he family of t he deceased, who will receive blood money as
compensat ion for t heir loss. The compensat ion is only obligat ory for t he one who possesses one
of five; as Imam Ahmad, and t he Sunan compilers recorded from Ibn Mas` ud. He said; "Allah's
Messenger det ermined t hat t he Diyah (blood money) for unint ent ional murder is t went y camels
which ent ered t heir fourt h year, t went y camels which ent ered t heir fift h year, t went y camels
which ent ered t heir second year, and t went y camels which ent ered t heir t hird year.'' This is t he
wording of An-Nasa'i. This Diyah is required from t he elders of t he killer's t ribe, not from his
own money. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "Two women from
Hudhayl quarreled and one of t hem t hrew a st one at t he ot her and killed her and her unborn
fet us. They disput ed before t he Messenger of Allah and he decided t hat t he Diyah of t he fet us
should be t o free a male or a female slave. He also decided t hat t he Diyah of t he deceased is
required from t he elders of t he killer's t ribe.'' This Hadit h indicat es t hat in t he case of what
appears t o be int ent ional murder, t he Diyah is t he same as t hat for killing by virt ual mist ake.
The former t ype requires t hree t ypes of Diyah, j ust like int ent ional murder, because it is
somewhat similar t o int ent ional murder. Al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih t hat ` Abdullah bin
` Umar said, "The Messenger of Allah sent Khalid bin Al-Walid t o Banu Jadhimah and he called
t hem t o Islam, but t hey did not know how t o say, ` We became Muslims.' They st art ed saying,
` Saba'na, Saba'na (we became Sabians). Khalid st art ed killing t hem, and when t his news was
conveyed t o t he Messenger of Allah , he raised his hands and said,
«ギ͡ャゅ∠カノ∠ レ∠ タ
∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョマ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»
(O Allah! I declare my innocence before You of what Khalid did.) The Messenger sent ` Ali t o
pay t he Diyah of t hose who were killed and t o compensat e for t he propert y t hat was dest royed,
t o t he ext ent of replacing t he dog's bowl. This Hadit h indicat es t hat t he mist ake of t he Leader
or his deput y (Khalid in t his case) is paid from t he Muslim Treasury. Allah said,
び∇やヲ⊥ホギｚダ
ｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(unless t hey remit it ), meaning, t he Diyah must be delivered t o t he family of t he deceased,
unless t hey forfeit t heir right , in which case t he Diyah does not become necessary. Allah's
st at ement ,
ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∀リョ͡ ∇ぽ∇ョヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚｙヱギ⊥ ハ

∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
びる∃ レ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽョぁる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠
(If t he deceased belonged t o a people at war wit h you and he was a believer, t he freeing of a
believing slave (is prescribed);) means, if t he murdered person was a believer, yet his family
were combat ant disbelievers, t hen t hey will receive no Diyah. In t his case, t he murderer only
has t o free a believing slave. Allah's st at ement ,
び∀ベゅ∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョラ

(and if he belonged t o a people wit h whom you have a t reat y of mut ual alliance,) meaning, if
t he family of t he deceased were from Ahl Adh-Dhimmah or wit h whom t here is a peace t reat y,
t hen t hey deserve his Diyah; full Diyah if t he deceased was a believer, in which case t he killer
is required t o free a believing slave also.
びリ
͡ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ョ⊥ リ
͡ ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ヰセ
∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ
͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ
͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(And whoso finds t his beyond his means, he must fast for t wo consecut ive mont hs) wit hout
breaking t he fast (in t he days of ) t he t wo mont hs. If he breaks t he fast wit hout j ust ificat ion,
i.e. illness, menst ruat ion, post -nat al bleeding, t hen he has t o st art all over again. Allah's
st at ement ,
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョある⇔ よ∠ ∇ヲゎ∠ ぴ
(t o seek repent ance from Allah. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) means, t his is how t he
one who kills by mist ake can repent , he fast s t wo consecut ive mont hs if he does not find a
slave t o free.
(And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise), we ment ioned t he explanat ion of t his before.
Warning Against Intentional Murder

Aft er Allah ment ioned t he ruling of unint ent ional murder, He ment ioned t he ruling for
int ent ional murder. Allah said,
びや⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally,) This Ayah carries a st ern warning and promise for
t hose who commit so grave a sin t hat it is ment ioned along wit h Shirk in several Ayat of Allah's
Book. For inst ance, in Surat Al-Furqan, Allah said,
Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ カ
∠ や∠￢ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやノ∠ ョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ
びペ
あエ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ヴ͡わャｚやザ∠ ∇ヘレｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠
(And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has
forbidden, except for j ust cause). Allah said,
∇やヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼゎ⊥ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ゅ∠ョモ
⊥ ∇ゎぺ∠ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
∠ ヮ͡ よ͡
(Say: "Come, I will recit e what your Lord has prohibit ed you from: Join not anyt hing in worship
wit h Him.) 6:151 . There are many Ayat and Hadit hs t hat prohibit murder. In t he Two Sahihs,
it is recorded t hat Ibn Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ヶ͡プる͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ サ

∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヴ∠ツ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョメ
⊥ ｚヱぺ∠»
«￢ゅ∠ョギあャや
(Blood offenses are t he first disput es t o be j udged bet ween t he people on t he Day of
Resurrect ion. ) In a Hadit h t hat Abu Dawud recorded, ` Ubadah bin As-Samit st at es t hat t he
ゅ⇔ョキ∠ ∇ょダ
͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩ゅ⇔エャ͡ゅ∠タゅ⇔ボレ͡ ∇バョ⊥ リ
⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやメ
⊥ や∠ゴΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
«ウｚヤよ∠ ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲェ∠ ゅョ⇔ キ∠ ゆ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョや∠ゲェ ∠
(The believer will remain unburdened in right eousness as long as he does not shed prohibit ed
blood. When he sheds forbidden blood, he will become burdened.) Anot her Hadit h, st at es,
モ
∃ィ⊥ ケ∠ モ
͡ ∇わホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぶ
͡ やギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ラ
⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやメ
⊥ や∠ヱゴ∠ ャ∠»
«ユ͡ヤ∇ジョ⊥
(The dest ruct ion of t his eart hly life is less significant before Allah t han killing a Muslim man (or
woman).)
Will the Repentance of those who Commit Intentional Murder, be
Accepted
Ibn ` Abbas held t he view t hat t he repent ance of one who int ent ionally murders a believer, will
not be accept ed. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn Jubayr said, "The people of knowledge of Al-
Kufah differed on t his subj ect , I t raveled t o Ibn ` Abbas t o ask him about it . He said, ` This
Ayah,
びユ⊥ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ へ∠ゴイ
∠ プ∠ や⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally, his recompense is Hell) was t he last revealed on
t his subj ect and not hing abrogat ed it .''' Muslim and An-Nasa'i also recorded it . However, t he
maj orit y of scholars of t he earlier and lat er generat ions said t hat t he killer's repent ance can be
accept ed. If he repent s, and goes back t o Allah humbly, submissively, and performing right eous
deeds, t hen Allah will change his evil deeds int o good deeds and compensat e t he deceased for
his loss by rewarding him for his suffering. Allah said, R
びゲ∠ カ
∠ や∠￢ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやノ∠ ョ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ Ι
∠ リ
(And t hose who invoke not any ot her god along wit h Allah), unt il,
びゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ Κ
⇔ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ モ
∠ ヨ͡ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ リ
∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠ゎリ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Except t hose who repent and believe, and do right eous deeds). The Ayah we j ust ment ioned
should not be considered abrogat ed or only applicable t o t he disbelievers who become
Muslim , for t his cont radict s t he general, encompassing indicat ions of t he Ayah and requires
evidence t o support it . Allah knows best . Allah said,
∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやン∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやる͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚリ͡ョ
(Say: "O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of
Allah). This Ayah is general, covering all t ypes of sins, including Kufr, Shirk, doubt , hypocrisy,
murder, sin, and so fort h. Therefore, everyone who repent s sincerely from any of t hese errors,
t hen Allah will forgive him. Allah said,
ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
∠ ャ͡ク∠
except t hat (anyt hing else) t o whom He wills). This Ayah is general and includes every sin
except Shirk, and it has been ment ioned in t his Surah, bot h aft er t his Ayah and before it , in
order t o encourage hope in Allah, and Allah knows best . It is confirmed in t he Two Sahihs, t hat
an Israeli killed one hundred people t hen he asked a scholar, "Is it possible for me t o repent '' So
he replied, "What is t here t hat would prevent you from repent ance'' So he t old him t o go t o
anot her land where Allah was worshipped. He began t o emigrat e t o it but died on t he way, and
t he angel of mercy was t he one t o t ake him. Alt hough t his Hadit h is about an Israeli, it is even
more suit able for t he Muslim communit y t hat t heir repent ance be accept ed. Indeed, Allah
relieved Muslims from t he burdens and rest rict ions t hat were placed on t he Jews, and He sent
our Prophet wit h t he easy Hanifiyyah way (Islamic Monot heism). As for t he honorable Ayah,
びや⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∇モわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And whoever kills a believer int ent ionally), Abu Hurayrah and several among t he Salaf said
t hat t his is his punishment , if Allah decides t o punish him. And t his is t he case wit h every
t hreat t hat is issued for every sin. For inst ance, t here could be good deeds t hat t his person has
done t hat would prevent him from being punished for t hat , and Allah knows best . Even if t he
murderer inevit ably ent ers t he Fire -- as Ibn ` Abbas st at ed because his repent ance was not
accept ed, or he did not have good deeds t o save him, he will not remain t here for et ernit y, but
only for a long t ime. There are Mut awat ir Hadit hs st at ing t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
り∃ ケｚク∠ ヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プラ

∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ァ
⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡»
«ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇リョ͡
(Whoever has t he least speck of fait h in his heart shall ult imat ely depart t he Fire.)
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤジｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲレ⊥ Βｚら∠ わ∠ プ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャやチ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやリｚヨ∠ プ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミマ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ⊥ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠
びや⇔ゲΒ͡らカ∠ ラ ∠ ヲヤ⊥ヨ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レΒｚら∠ わ∠ プ∠
(94. O you who believe! When you go (t o fight ) in t he cause of Allah, verify (t he t rut h), and say
not t o anyone who greet s you: "You are not a believer;'' seeking t he perishable goods of t he
worldly life. There is much more benefit wit h Allah. Even as he is now, so were you yourselves
before, t ill Allah conferred on you His Favors, t herefore, be caut ious in discriminat ion. Allah is
Ever Well-Aware of what you do.)
Greeting with the Salam is a Sign of Islam
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A man from Bani Sulaym, who
was t ending a flock of sheep, passed by some of t he Companions of t he Prophet and said Salam
t o t hem. They said (t o each ot her), ` He only said Salam t o prot ect himself from us.' Then t hey
at t acked him and killed him. They brought his sheep t o t he Prophet , and t his Ayah was
revealed,
(O you who believe!), unt il t he end of t he Ayah.'' At -Tirmidhi recorded t his in his (chapt er on)
Tafsir, and said, "This Hadit h is Hasan, and it is also report ed from Usamah bin Zayd.'' Al-Hakim
also recorded it and said, "It s chain is Sahih, but t hey did not collect it .'' Al-Bukhari recorded
t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed;
びゅ⇔レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ろ
∠ ∇ジャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤジ
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and say not t o anyone who greet s you: "You are not a believer;''), "A man was t ending his
sheep and t he Muslims caught up wit h him. He said, ` As-Salamu ` Alaykum.' However, t hey
killed him and t ook his sheep. Allah revealed t he Ayah;
ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ろ
∠ ∇ジャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤジ
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠ゎ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ∠ ∇ャやチ
∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠
(And say not t o anyone who greet s you: "You are not a believer; seeking t he perishable goods of
t he worldly life).'' Ibn ` Abbas said; "The goods of t his world were t hose sheep.'' And he recit ed,
びユ⊥ ⇒∠ヤジ
ｚャやぴ
(Peace) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Al-Qa` qa` bin Abdullah bin Abi Hadrad narrat ed t hat his
fat her ` Abdullah bin Abi Hadrad said, "The Messenger of Allah sent us t o (t he area of) Idam. I
rode out wit h a group of Muslims t hat included Abu Qat adah, Al-Harit h bin Rab` i and Muhallam
bin Jut hamah bin Qays. We cont inued on unt il we reached t he area of Idam, where ` Amr bin
Al-Adbat Al-Ashj a` i passed by us on his camel. When he passed by us he said Salam t o us, and
we did not at t ack him. Because of some previous problems wit h him, Muhallam bin Jut hamah
killed him and t ook his camel. When we went back t o t he Messenger of Allah and t old him what
had happened, a part of t he Qur'an was revealed about us,
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ
∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
(O you who believe! When you go (t o fight ) in t he cause of Allah), unt il,
∠ぴ
(Well-Aware).'' Only Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat
t he Messenger of Allah said t o Al-Miqdad,
ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡まヶ͡ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケラ ∠ ゅ∠ミや∠クま͡»

ヶ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ムプ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルゅ∠ヨΑまゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ニほ∠プ∠
«モ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ ムｚヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま
(You killed a believing man who hid his fait h wit h disbelieving people, aft er he had announced
his fait h t o you. Remember t hat you used t o hide your fait h in Makkah before.) Al-Bukhari
recorded t his short er version wit hout a complet e chain of narrat ors. However a longer version
wit h a connect ed chain of narrat ors has also been recorded. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar
recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah sent a milit ary expedit ion under t he
aut horit y of Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad and when t hey reached t he designat ed area, t hey found
t he people had dispersed. However, a man wit h a lot of wealt h did not leave and said, ` I bear
wit ness t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah.' Yet , Al-Miqdad killed him, and a
man said t o him, ` You killed a man aft er he proclaimed: "There is no deit y wort hy of worship
except Allah. By Allah I will ment ion what you did t o t he Prophet .' When t hey went back t o t he
Messenger of Allah, t hey said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Al-Miqdad killed a man who t est ified t hat
t here is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah.' He said,
:メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ
⊥ ケ∠ ろ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ぺ∠ キ⊥ や∠ギ∇ボョ͡ ゅ∠Α ∩∠キや∠ギ∇ボヨ͡ ∇ャやヶ
∠ ャ͡ やヲ⊥ハ∇キや»
«∨や⇔ギビ ∠ ぶ⊥ やゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡まゅ∠ヤよ͡ マ ∠ ャ∠ ブ
∠ ∇Βム∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ぶやゅｚャまヮ∠ ャ͡まゅ∠ャ
(Summon Al-Miqdad before me. O Miqdad! Did you kill a man who proclaimed, "There is no
deit y wort hy of worship except Allah" What would you do when you face, "There is no deit y
wort hy of worship except Allah t omorrow") Allah t hen revealed;
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ろ ∠ ∇ジャ∠ ユ∠ ⇒∠ヤジｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レΒｚら∠ わ∠ プ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ∠ ∇ャやチ ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやリ
ｚヨ∠ プ∠ モ
⊥ ∇らホ∠ リあョ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミマ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ⊥ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠
び∇やヲ⊥レΒｚら∠ わ∠ プ∠
(O you who believe! When you go (t o fight ) in t he cause of Allah, verify (t he t rut h), and say not
t o anyone who greet s you: "You are not a believer;'' seeking t he perishable goods of t he worldly
life. There are much more profit s and boot ies wit h Allah. Even as he is now, so were you
yourselves before t ill Allah conferred on you His Favors, t herefore, be caut ious in
discriminat ion). The Messenger of Allah said t o Al-Miqdad,
ケ∃ ゅｚヘミ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡まヶ͡ヘ∇ガΑ⊥ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケラ

∠ ゅ∠ミ»
ヶ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮわ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルゅ∠ヨΑまゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ニほ∠プ∠
«モ∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ る∠ ムｚヨ∠ よ͡ マ ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま
(He was a believing man who hid his fait h among disbelieving people, and he announced his
fait h t o you, but you killed him, alt hough you used t o hide your fait h before, in Makkah.)''
び∀りゲ∠ Β͡んミ∠ ユ⊥ ル͡ ゅ∠ピョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ ∇レバ͡ プ∠ ぴ

(There is much more benefit wit h Allah.) means, bet t er t han what you desired of worldly
possessions which made you kill t he one who greet ed you wit h t he Salam and pronounced his
fait h t o you. Yet , you ignored all t his and accused him of hypocrisy, t o acquire t he gains of t his
life. However, t he pure wealt h wit h Allah is far bet t er t han what you acquired. Allah's
st at ement ,
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ
ｚヨ∠ プ∠ モ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ
(so were you yourselves before, t ill Allah conferred on you His Favors.) means, beforehand, you
used t o be in t he same sit uat ion like t his person who hid his fait h from his people. We
ment ioned t he relevant Hadit hs above. Allah said,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀モΒ͡ヤ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇クま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ
(And remember when you were few and were reckoned weak in t he land). ` Abdur-Razzaq
recorded t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr comment ed about Allah's st at ement ,
びモ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ミぴ
(so were you yourselves before), "You used t o hide your fait h, j ust as t his shepherd hid his
fait h.'' Allah said,
び∇やヲ⊥レΒｚら∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(t herefore, be caut ious in discriminat ion), t hen said,
∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Allah is Ever Well-Aware of what you do.) and t his part of t he Ayah cont ains a t hreat and a
warning, as Sa` id bin Jubayr st at ed.
ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャやン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ

∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱケ͡ ゲ∠ ツｚャや
∇ユヰ͡ ジ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョほ∠よ͡ リ
∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ∠ツｚプ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠
ヴ∠レ∇ジエ ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ Κ ６ ⇒⊥ミヱ∠ る⇔ ィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠
や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ ∠ツｚプ∠ ヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョろ∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠
(95. Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled, and
t hose who st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives. Allah has
preferred in grades t hose who st rive hard and fight wit h t heir wealt h and t heir lives above
t hose who sit (at home). Unt o each, Allah has promised good (Paradise), but Allah has
preferred t hose who st rive hard and fight , above t hose who sit (at home), by a huge reward.)
(96. Degrees of (higher) grades from Him, and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is Ever Oft -
Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
The Mujahid and those Who Do not Join Jihad are Not the Same,
[and Jihad is Fard Kifayah]
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said, "When t he Ayah,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャやン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι
ｚぴ
(Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home),) was revealed, t he Messenger of Allah
called Zayd and commanded him t o writ e it . Then, Ibn Umm Makt um came and ment ioned t hat
he was blind. Allah revealed,
びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ
ｚャやヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ
∠ぴ
(except t hose who are disabled (by inj ury or are blind or lame)).'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sahl
bin Sa` d As-Sa` di said, "I saw Marwan bin Al-Hakam sit t ing in t he Masj id. I came and sat by his
side. He t old us t hat Zayd bin Thabit t old him t hat Allah's Messenger dict at ed t his Ayah t o him,
ヴ͡ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇Βビ
∠ リ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャやン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι ｚぴ
͡ Β͡らシ∠ ヴ͡プラ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ
ｚャや
(Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled, and
t hose who st rive hard and fight in t he cause of Allah) Ibn Umm Makt um came t o t he Prophet as
he was dict at ing t hat very Ayah t o me. Ibn Umm Makt um said, ` O Allah's Messenger! By Allah, if
I had power, I would surely t ake part in Jihad.' He was a blind man. So Allah sent down
revelat ion t o His Messenger while his t high was on mine and it became so heavy for me t hat I
feared t hat my t high would be broken. That ended aft er Allah revealed,
びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ
∠ぴ
(except t hose who are disabled).'' This was recorded by Al-Bukhari. At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat
Ibn ` Abbas said,
∠ リ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
ｚぴ
びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ
ｚャや
(Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled), refers
t o t hose who did not go t o t he bat t le of Badr and t hose who went t o Badr. When t he bat t le of
Badr was about t o occur, Abu Ahmad bin Jahsh and Ibn Umm Makt um said, ` We are blind, O
Messenger of Allah! Do we have an excuse' The Ayah,
∠ リ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
ｚぴ
びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ
ｚャや
(Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home), except t hose who are disabled) was
revealed. Allah made t hose who fight , above t hose who sit in t heir homes not hindered by
disabilit y.
や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ リ
∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ∠ツｚプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョろ
∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠
(but Allah has preferred t hose who st rive hard and fight , above t hose who sit (at home), by a
huge reward. Degrees of (higher) grades from Him), above t he believers who sit at home
wit hout a disabilit y hindering t hem.'' This is t he wording recorded by At -Tirmidhi, who said,
"Hasan Gharib. Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
ｚぴ
(Not equal are t hose of t he believers who sit (at home),) t his is general. Soon aft er, t he
revelat ion came down wit h,
びケ͡ ゲ∠ ツ
∠ぴ
(except t hose who are disabled). So whoever has a disabilit y, such as blindness, a limp, or an
illness t hat prevent s t hem from j oining Jihad, t hey were not compared t o t he Muj ahidin who
st rive in Allah's cause wit h t heir selves and wealt h, as t hose who are not disabled and did not
j oin t he Jihad were. In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃ゲΒ͡ジョ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲシ

͡ ゅ∠ョゅ⇔ョや∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よラｚま͡»
«ヮΒ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩∃キや∠ヱ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バト∠ ホ∠
: (There are people who remained in Al-Madinah, who were
wit h you in every march you marched and every valley you crossed.) They said, "While t hey are
st ill in Al-Madinah, O Messenger of Allah'' He said,
«ケ∇グバ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ら∠ ェ
∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ »
(Yes. Only t heir disabilit y hindered t hem (from j oining you).) Allah said,
びヴ∠レ∇ジエ
⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ∠ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ６Κミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Unt o each, Allah has promised good) meaning, Paradise and t remendous rewards. This Ayah
indicat es t hat Jihad is not Fard on each and every individual, but it is Fard Kifayah (which is a
collect ive dut y). Allah t hen said,
や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡ギバ͡ ⇒∠ボ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ リ
∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
∠ツｚプ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヨΒヌ
͡ハ ∠
(but Allah has preferred t hose who st rive hard and fight , above t hose who sit (at home), by a
huge reward). Allah ment ions what He has given t hem rooms in Paradise, along wit h His
forgiveness and t he descent of mercy and blessing on t hem, as a favor and honor from Him. So
He said;
や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョろ
∃ ⇒∠ィケ∠ キ∠ ぴ
(Degrees of (higher) grades from Him, and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is Ever Oft -
Forgiving, Most Merciful.). In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat
リ∠ Α͡ギワ͡ ゅ∠イヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ぶ

⊥ やゅ∠ワギｚハ
∠ ぺ∠ ∩∃るィ ∠ ケ∠ キ∠ る∠ も∠ ゅ͡ョる͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プラ
ｚま͡»
￢͡ ゅ∠ヨジ
ｚャやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ リ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ィ
∠ ケ∠ キ∠ あモミ⊥ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩͡ヮ͡ヤΒ͡ら∠シヶ͡プ
«チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ
(There are a hundred grades in Paradise t hat Allah has prepared for t he Muj ahidin in His cause,
bet ween each t wo grades is t he dist ance bet ween heaven and Eart h.)
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ͡ヨヤ͡⇒∠ニる⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒ｚプヲ∠ ゎ∠ リ
ｚま͡ぴ
∇やヲ∇ャゅ∠ホチ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プリ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミユ∠ Β͡プ
マ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲイ ͡ ⇒∠ヰわ⊥ プ∠ る⇔ バ∠ シ
͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやチ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠
Ιｚま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚヰ∠ ィ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠
Ι∠ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャや∠ヱメ ͡ ゅ∠ィゲあャやリ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや
マ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠Β͡ェラ ∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠
や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ∠ジハ ∠
チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ゲ͡ィゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ -
ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ る⇔ バ∠ シ ∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ビや∠ゲョ⊥
∇ギボ∠ プ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゲ͡イ⇒∠ヰョ⊥
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ ∠ ヤ∠ハロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠
(97. Verily, as for t hose whom t he angels t ake (in deat h) while t hey are wronging t hemselves,
t hey (angels) say (t o t hem): "In what (condit ion) were you'' They reply: "We were weak and
oppressed on t he eart h.'' They (angels) say: "Was not t he eart h of Allah spacious enough for you
t o emigrat e t herein'' Such men will find t heir abode in Hell - what an evil dest inat ion!) (98.
Except t he weak ones among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are t hey
able t o direct t heir way.) (99. These are t hey whom Allah is likely t o forgive t hem, and Allah is
Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving.) (100. He who emigrat es in t he cause of Allah, will find on
eart h many dwelling places and plent y t o live by. And whosoever leaves his home as an
emigrant unt o Allah and His Messenger, and deat h overt akes him, his reward is t hen surely
incumbent upon Allah. And Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
The Prohibition of Residing Among the Disbelievers While Able to

Emigrate
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Muhammad bin ` Abdur-Rahman, Abu Al-Aswad, said, "The people of
Al-Madinah were forced t o prepare an army (t o fight against t he people of Ash-Sham during t he
Khilafah of Abdullah bin Az-Zubayir at Makkah), and I was enlist ed in it . Then I met ` Ikrimah,
t he freed slave of Ibn ` Abbas, and informed him (about it ), and he forbade me st rongly from
doing so (i.e., t o enlist in t hat army), and t hen he said t o me, ` Ibn ` Abbas t old me t hat some
Muslims used t o go out wit h t he idolat ors increasing t he size of t heir army against t he
Messenger of Allah . Then, an arrow would hit one of t hem and kill him, or he would be st ruck
on his neck (wit h a sword) and killed, and Allah sent down t he Ayah,
び∇ユヰ͡ ジ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, as for t hose whom t he angels t ake (in deat h) while t hey are wronging t hemselves).'' Ad-
Dahhak st at ed t hat t his Ayah was revealed about some hypocrit es who did not j oin t he
Messenger of Allah but remained in Makkah and went out wit h t he idolat ors for t he bat t le of
Badr. They were killed among t hose who were killed. Thus, t his honorable Ayah was revealed
about t hose who reside among t he idolat ors, while able t o perform Hij rah and unable t o
pract ice t he fait h. Such people will be commit t ing inj ust ice against t hemselves and falling int o
a prohibit ion according t o t he consensus and also according t o t his Ayah,
び∇ユヰ͡ ジ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, as for t hose whom t he angels t ake (in deat h) while t hey are wronging t hemselves,) by
refraining from Hij rah,
び∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミユ∠ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ

(They (angels) say (t o t hem): "In what (condit ion) were you'') meaning, why did you remain
here and not perform Hij rah
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プリ
∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジョ⊥ ゅｚレミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ
(They reply: "We were weak and oppressed on t he eart h.'') meaning, we are unable t o leave t he
land or move about in t he eart h,
びる⇔ バ∠ シ
͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやチ
⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ∇ャゅホ∠ ぴ
(They (angels) say: "Was not t he eart h of Allah spacious enough for you). Abu Dawud recorded
t hat Samurah bin Jundub said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«ヮ⊥ヤ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ
∠ ム∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ ポ
∠ ゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇リョ∠ »
(Whoever mingles wit h t he idolat or and resides wit h him, he is j ust like him.) Allah's
st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Except t he weak) unt il t he end of t he Ayah, is an excuse t hat Allah gives for t his t ype of
people not t o emigrat e, because t hey are unable t o free t hemselves from t he idolat ors. And
even if t hey did, t hey would not know which way t o go. This is why Allah said,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠Β͡ェラ
∠ ヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι
∠ぴ
(Who cannot devise a plan, nor are t hey able t o direct t heir way), meaning, t hey do not find
t he way t o emigrat e, as Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah and As-Suddi st at ed. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ヲ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ∠ジハ
∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ
(These are t hey whom Allah is likely t o forgive t hem,) means, pardon t hem for not migrat ing,
and here, ` likely' means He shall,
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ
∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ
(and Allah is Ever Oft -Pardoning, Oft -Forgiving). Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said,
"While t he Messenger of Allah was praying ` Isha', he said, ` Sami` Allahu Liman Hamidah.' He
t hen said before he prost rat ed,
る∠ ヨ∠ ヤ∠シ
∠ ア ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠るバ∠ Β͡よケ∠ ヶ͡よぺリ ∠ ∇よス∠ ゅｚΒハ ∠ ア ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»
ア͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩͡ギΒ͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ∇よギ∠ Β͡ャヲ∠ ∇ャやア
͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∃ュゅ∠ゼワ͡ リ ∠ ∇よ
マ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠∇デヱ∠ ∇キギ⊥ ∇セやユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠リΒ͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや
«ブ⊥シヲ⊥Α ヶ͡レジ ͡ ミ∠ リ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤバ∠ ∇ィやユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩∠ゲツ ∠ ョ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠
(O Allah! Save ` Ayyash bin Abi Rabi` ah. O Allah! Save Salamah bin Hisham. O Allah! Save Al-
Walid bin Al-Walid. O Allah! Save t he weak Muslims. O Allah! Be very hard on Mudar t ribe. O
Allah! Afflict t hem wit h years (of famine) similar t o t he (famine) years of t he t ime of Prophet
Yusuf.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu An-Nu` man said t hat Hammad bin Zayd said t hat Ayyub
narrat ed t hat Ibn Abi Mulaykah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he verse,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヘバ∠ ∇ツわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Except t he weak ones among men), "I and my mot her were among t hose (weak ones) whom
Allah excused.'' Allah's st at ement ,
チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ギイ
͡ Α∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ゲィ ͡ ゅ∠ヰΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ビや∠ゲョ⊥
(He who emigrat es in t he cause of Allah, will find on eart h many dwelling places and plent y t o
live by.) t his encourages t he believers t o perform Hij rah and abandon t he idolat ors, for
wherever t he believer emigrat es, he will find a safe refuge t o resort t o. Muj ahid said t hat ,
びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ビや∠ゲョ⊥ ぴ
(many dwelling places) means, he will find a way out of what he dislikes. Allah's st at ement ,
͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and plent y t o live by.) refers t o provision. Qat adah also said t hat ,
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ビや∠ゲョ⊥ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ギイ
͡ Α∠ ぴ
(...will find on eart h many dwelling places and plent y t o live by.) means, Allah will t ake him
from misguidance t o guidance and from povert y t o richness. Allah's st at ement ,
ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ や⇔ゲ͡イ⇒∠ヰョ⊥ ヮ͡ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

びヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ
∠ ヤ∠ハロ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ィぺ∠ ノ∠ ホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ れ
⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ∇ミケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥
(And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unt o Allah and His Messenger, and deat h
overt akes him, his reward is t hen surely, incumbent upon Allah. ) means, whoever st art s
emigrat ing and dies on t he way, he will acquire t he reward of t hose who emigrat e for Allah.
The Two Sahihs, along wit h t he Musnad and Sunan compilers, recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-
Khat t ab said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ョ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョやあモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡れゅｚΒ⇒⇒あレャゅ͡よメ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡»

∩͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イワ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩ン∠ヲル∠
ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イワ͡ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ やヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イヰ͡ プ∠
ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イヰ͡ プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰィ
⊥ ヱｚゴ∠ わ∠ Α∠ り∃ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰら⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルキ⊥ ヴャ͡ま
«ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ィ
∠ ゅ∠ワゅ∠ョヴャ͡ま
(The reward of deeds depends upon t he int ent ions, and every person will be rewarded
according t o what he has int ended. So, whoever emigrat ed t o Allah and His Messenger, t hen his
emigrat ion is for Allah and His Messenger. And whoever emigrat ed for worldly benefit s or for a
woman t o marry, his emigrat ion is for what he emigrat ed for.) This Hadit h is general, it applies
t o Hij rah as well as every ot her deed. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat a man killed
ninet y-nine people and complet ed t he number one hundred when he killed a worshipper. He
t hen asked a scholar if he has a chance t o repent . The scholar said, "What prevent s you from
repent ance'' The scholar t old t he killer t o emigrat e from his land t o anot her land where Allah is
worshipped. When he left his land and st art ed on t he migrat ion t o t he ot her land, deat h
overt ook him on t he way. The angels of mercy and t he angels of t orment disput ed about t he
man, whereas t he former said t hat he went out in repent ance, while t he lat t er said t hat he did
not arrive at his dest inat ion. They were commanded t o measure t he dist ance bet ween t he t wo
lands and t o whichever land he is closer t o, he will be considered part of t hat land. Allah
commanded t hat t he right eous land t o move closer and t he land of evil t o move fart her. The
angels found t hat he died closer t o t he land t hat he int ended t o emigrat e t o by a hand-span,
and t hus t he angels of mercy capt ured his soul. In anot her narrat ion, when deat h came t o t hat
man, he moved his chest t owards t he right eous village t hat he emigrat ed t o.
ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ わ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ
͡ ∇ラま͡ り͡ ヲヤｚダャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁや⇔ヱ∂ ギ⊥ ハ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやラｚま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠
(101. And when you Darabt um in t he land, t here is no sin on you if you short en t he Salah if you
fear t hat t he disbelievers may put you in t rial, verily, t he disbelievers are ever unt o you open
enemies.)
Salat Al-Qasr, Shortening the Prayer

Allah said,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ
(And when you Darabt um in t he land,) meaning if you t ravel in t he land. In anot her Ayah, Allah
said,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥よゲ͡ ∇ツΑ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΒ∠ シ
∠ ラ∠ぺぴ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲカ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ ∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プ
(He knows t hat t here will be some among you sick, ot hers Yadribuna (t raveling) t hrough t he
land, seeking of Allah's bount y...) 73:20 . Allah's st at ement ,
びり͡ ヲヤｚダャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ
⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ
⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
(t here is no sin on you if you short en t he Salah (prayer)) by reducing (t he unit s of t he prayer)
from four t o t wo. Allah's st at ement ,
͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ
(if you fear t hat t he disbelievers may put you in t rial (at t ack you)), refers t o t he t ypical t ype of
fear prevalent when t his Ayah was revealed. In t he beginning of Islam, and aft er t he Hij rah,
Muslims used t o experience fear during most of t heir t ravels. Rat her, t hey rest rict ed t heir
movement s t o large or short milit ary expedit ions. During t hat era, most areas were areas of
combat ant enemies of Islam and it s people. But when t he prevalent circumst ances cease, or a
new sit uat ion is prevalent , decrees of t his nat ure may not be underst ood, as Allah said;
ラ
∠ ∇キケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ￢͡ べ∠ピら͡ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠Βわ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ワ͡ゲ∇ムゎ⊥ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔レぁダエ∠ ゎ∠
(And force not your slave girls t o prost it ut ion, if t hey desire chast it y). And His saying;
びユ⊥ ム⊥ も͡ べ∠ジルあリあョ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲ⊥イェ

⊥ ヴ͡プヴ͡わ⇒ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ら⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And your st epdaught ers, under your guardianship, born of your wives whom you have gone
int o) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ya` la bin Umayyah said, "I asked ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab about
t he verse:
∇ラま͡ り͡ ヲヤｚダャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲダ
⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
͡
(t here is no sin on you if you short en t he prayer. If you fear t hat t he disbelievers may put you
in t rial,) e ` Allah grant ed Muslims safet y now' ` Umar said t o me, ` I wondered about t he same
t hing and asked t he Messenger of Allah about it and he said,
«ヮ∠わホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ やヲ⊥ヤら∠ ∇ホゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヰ͡よぶ
⊥ やベ
∠ ギｚダ
∠ ゎ∠ る∀ ⇒⇒∠ホギ∠ タ
∠ »
(A gift t hat Allah has best owed on you, so accept His gift ).'' Muslim and t he collect ors of Sunan
recorded t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. ` Ali bin Al-Madini said, "This Hadit h is
Hasan Sahih from t he narrat ion of ` Umar, and it is not preserved by any ot her rout e besides
t his one, and it s narrat ors are all known.'' Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Shaybah recorded t hat Abu
Hanzalah Al-Hadha' said, "I asked Ibn ` Umar about t he Qasr prayer and he said, ` It consist s of
t wo Rak` ahs.' I said, what about Allah's st at ement ,
͡ ∇ラま͡ぴ
(if you fear t hat t he disbelievers may put you in t rial (at t ack you),) ` We are safe now.' He said,
` This is t he Sunnah of t he Messenger of Allah .'''. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas said, "We went
out wit h t he Messenger of Allah from Al-Madinah t o Makkah; he used t o pray t wo Rak` ahs unt il
we went back t o Al-Madinah.'' When he was asked how long t hey remained in Makkah, he said,
"We remained in Makkah for t en days.'' This was recorded by t he Group. Imam Ahmad recorded
t hat Harit hah bin Wahb Al-Khuza` i said, "I prayed behind t he Prophet for t he Zuhr and ` Asr
prayers in Mina, when t he people were numerous and very safe, and he prayed t wo Rak` ahs.''
This was recorded by t he Group, wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah. Al-Bukhari's narrat ion of t his
Hadit h reads, "The Prophet led us in t he prayer at Mina during t he peace period by offering t wo
Rak` ahs. ''
る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デ ∇ユボ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ

ｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プろ ∠ レ⊥ミや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
∇やヱ⊥ギイ ∠シ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ エ ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ
∇ユャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ る∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べ∠デれ ͡ ∇ほわ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ も͡ へ∠ケヱ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠
∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グェ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ マ ∠ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヲぁヤダ ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇やヲぁヤダ ∠ Α⊥
∇リハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヘ⊥ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやキｚヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ エ ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ヱ∠
Ι∠ ヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ヤ∠∇Βョｚ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤΒヨ͡ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ バ∠ わ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ エ
∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠
ユ⊥わレ⊥ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ト ∠ ョｚリあョン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ゅ∠レィ⊥
ラｚま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グェ ͡ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ エ ∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バツ ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚ
びゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ギｚハ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや
(102. When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among t hem, and lead t hem in Salah, let one
part y of t hem st and up in prayer wit h you, t aking t heir arms wit h t hem; when t hey finish
t heir prost rat ions, let t hem t ake t heir posit ions in t he rear and let t he ot her part y come up
which have not yet prayed, and let t hem pray wit h you, t aking all t he precaut ions and bearing
arms. Those who disbelieve wish, if you were negligent of your arms and your baggage, t o
at t ack you in a single rush, but t here is no sin on you if you put away your arms because of t he
inconvenience of rain or because you are ill, but t ake every precaut ion for yourselves. Verily,
Allah has prepared a humiliat ing t orment for t he disbelievers.)
The Description of The Fear Prayer
The Fear prayer has different forms, for t he enemy is somet imes in t he direct ion of t he Qiblah
and somet imes in anot her direct ion. The Fear prayer consist s somet imes of four Rak` ahs, t hree
Rak` ahs, as for Maghrib, and somet imes t wo Rak` ah like Faj r and prayer during t ravel. The
Fear prayer is somet imes prayed in congregat ion, but when t he bat t le is raging, congregat ional
prayer may not be possible. In t his case, t hey pray each by himself, facing t he Qiblah or
ot herwise, riding or on foot . In t his sit uat ion, t hey are allowed t o walk and fight , all t he while
performing t he act s of t he prayer. Some scholars said t hat in t he lat t er case, t hey pray only
one Rak` ah, for Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed, "By t he words of your Prophet , Allah has ordained t he
prayer of four Rak` ah while residing, t wo Rak` ah during t ravel, and one Rak` ah during fear.''
Muslim, Abu Dawud, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah recorded it . This is also t he view of Ahmad bin
Hanbal. Al-Mundhiri said, "This is t he saying of ` At a', Jabir, Al-Hasan, Muj ahid, Al-Hakam,
Qat adah and Hammad; and Tawus and Ad-Dahhak also prefered it .'' Abu ` Asim Al-` Abadi
ment ioned t hat Muhammad bin Nasr Al-Marwazi said t he Faj r prayer also becomes one Rak` ah
during fear. This is also t he opinion of Ibn Hazm. Ishaq bin Rahwayh said, "When a bat t le is
raging, one Rak` ah during which you nod your head is sufficient for you. If you are unable, t hen
one prost rat ion is sufficient , because t he prost rat ion is remembrance of Allah.''
The Reason behind Revealing this Ayah

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu ` Ayyash Az-Zuraqi said, "We were wit h t he Messenger of Allah
in t he area of ` Usfan (a well known place near Makkah), when t he idolat ors met us under t he
command of Khalid bin Al-Walid, and t hey were bet ween us and t he Qiblah. The Messenger of
Allah led us in Zuhr prayer, and t he idolat ors said, ` They were busy wit h somet hing during
which we had a chance t o at t ack t hem.' They t hen said, ` Next , t here will come a prayer (` Asr)
t hat is dearer t o t hem t han t heir children and t hemselves.' However, Jibril came down wit h
t hese Ayat bet ween t he prayers of Zuhr and ` Asr,
びり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ
ｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プろ
∠ レ⊥ミや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among t hem, and lead t hem in Salah (prayer)). When
t he t ime for prayer came, t he Messenger of Allah commanded Muslims t o hold t heir weapons
and he made us st and in t wo lines behind him. When he bowed, we all bowed behind him.
When he raised his head, we all raised our heads. The Prophet t hen prost rat ed wit h t he line
t hat was behind him while t he rest st ood in guard. When t hey finished wit h t he prost rat ion and
st ood up, t he rest sat and performed prost rat ion, while t hose who performed it st ood up in
guard aft er t he t wo lines exchanged posit ion. The Prophet t hen bowed and t hey all bowed
aft er him, t hen raised t heir heads aft er he raised his head. Then t he Prophet performed
prost rat ion wit h t he line t hat was behind him, while t he rest st ood in guard. When t hose who
made prost rat ion sat , t he rest prost rat ed. The Prophet t hen performed t he Taslim and ended
t he prayer. The Messenger of Allah performed t his prayer t wice, once in ` Usfan and once in t he
land of Banu Sulaym.''' This is t he narrat ion recorded by Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i, and it has an
aut hent ic chain of narrat ion and many ot her t ext s t o support it . Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn
` Abbas said, "Once t he Prophet led t he Fear prayer and t he people st ood behind him. He said
Allahu-Akbar and t he people said t he same. He bowed and some of t hem bowed. Then he
prost rat ed and t hey also prost rat ed. Then he st ood for t he second Rak` ah and t hose who had
prayed t he first Rak` ah left and guarded t heir brot hers. The second part y j oined him and
performed bowing and prost rat ion wit h him. All t he people were in prayer, but t hey were
guarding one anot her during t he prayer.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said
t hat t he Messenger of Allah led t hem in t he Fear prayer. A group of t hem st ood before him and
a group behind him. The Prophet led t hose who were behind him wit h one Rak` ah and t wo
prost rat ions. They t hen moved t o t he posit ion of t hose who did not pray, while t he ot hers
st ood in t heir place, and t he Messenger of Allah performed one Rak` ah and t wo prost rat ions
and t hen said t he Salam. Therefore, t he Prophet prayed t wo Rak` ah while t hey prayed one.
An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h, while Muslim collect ed ot her wordings for it . Collect ors of t he
Sahih, Sunan and Musnad collect ions recorded t his in a Hadit h from Jabir. Ibn Abi Hat im
recorded t hat Salim said t hat his fat her said,
ｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ヨホ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プろ
∠ レ⊥ミや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(When you (O Messenger Muhammad ) are among t hem, and lead t hem in Salah (prayer)) refers
t o t he Fear prayer. The Messenger of Allah led one group and prayed one Rak` ah, while t he
second group faced t he enemy. Then t he second group t hat faced t he enemy came and Allah's
Messenger led t hem, praying one Rak` ah, and t hen said t he Salam. Each of t he t wo groups t hen
st ood up and prayed one more Rak` ah each (while t he ot her group st ood in guard).'' The Group
collect ed t his Hadit h wit h Ma` mar in it s chain of narrat ors. This Hadit h also has many ot her
chains of narrat ion from several Companions, and Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Ibn Marduwyah collect ed
t hese various narrat ions, as did Ibn Jarir. As for t he command t o hold t he weapons during t he
Fear prayer, a group of scholars said t hat it is obligat ory according t o t he Ayah. What t est ifies
t o t his is t hat Allah said;
∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ト
∠ ョｚリあョン⇔ク∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゥ
∠ ゅ∠レィ
⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∇やヱ⊥グカ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ∠ エ
∠ ヤ͡∇シぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バツ∠ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚユ⊥わレ⊥ミ
び∇ユミ⊥ ケ∠ ∇グェ
͡
(But t here is no sin on you if you put away your arms because of t he inconvenience of rain or
because you are ill, but t ake every precaut ion for yourselves) meaning, so t hat when
necessary, you will be able t o get t o your weapons easily,
∠ リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ギｚハ
∠ ぺ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah has prepared a humiliat ing t orment for t he disbelievers).
や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ

ｚャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
ラｚま͡ り∠ ヲ∠ヤダ
ｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ル∇ほヨ∠ ∇デやや∠クみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ
⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ
Ι
∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョｚゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ
ｚャや
∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠∇ほゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ͡まュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや￢͡ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠
Ι
∠ ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲヨ∠ャ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠∇ほΑ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠
(103. When you have finished t he Salah, remember Allah st anding, sit t ing down, and on your
sides, but when you are free from danger, perform t he Salah. Verily, Salah is kit aban on t he
believers at fixed hours.) (104. And don't be weak in t he pursuit of t he enemy; if you are
suffering (hardships) t hen surely t hey (t oo) are suffering (hardships) as you are suffering, but
you have a hope from Allah (for t he reward, i.e. Paradise) t hat for which t hey hope not ; and
Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.)
The Order for Ample Remembrance After the Fear Prayer

Allah commands Dhikr aft er finishing t he Fear prayer, in part icular, even t hough such Dhikr is
encouraged aft er finishing ot her t ypes of prayer in general. In t he case of Fear prayer, Dhikr is
encouraged even more because t he pillars of t he prayer are diminished since t hey move about
while performing it , et c., unlike ot her prayers. Allah said about t he Sacred Mont hs,
び∇ユム⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺリ
ｚヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ヌゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(so wrong not yourselves t herein), even t hough inj ust ice is prohibit ed all year long. However,
inj ust ice is part icularly out lawed during t he Sacred Mont hs due t o t heir sanct it y and honor. So
や⇔キヲ⊥バホ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ⇒∠Βホ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ

ｚャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βツ
∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥レィ
⊥ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ
(When you have finished Salah, remember Allah st anding, sit t ing down, and on your sides,)
means, in all condit ions,
ｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ル∇ほヨ∠ ∇デやや∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(But when you are free from danger perform t he Salah.) when you are safe, t ranquil and fear
subsides,
ｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(perform t he Salah) by performing it as you were commanded; fulfilling it s obligat ions, wit h
humbleness, complet ing t he bowing and prost rat ion posit ions et c. Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥ホ∇ヲョｚゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ リ
∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミり∠ ヲ∠ヤダ
ｚャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t he Salah is Kit aban on t he believers at fixed hours.) means, enj oined, as Ibn ` Abbas
st at ed. Ibn ` Abbas also said, "The prayer has a fixed t ime, j ust as t he case wit h Haj j .'' Similar is
report ed from Muj ahid, Salim bin ` Abdullah, ` Ali bin Al-Husayn, Muhammad bin ` Ali, Al-Hasan,
Muqat il. As-Suddi and ` At iyah Al-` Awfi.
The Encouragement to Pursue the Enemy Despite Injuries

びュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや￢͡ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レヰ͡ ゎ∠ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And don't be weak in t he pursuit of t he enemy;) means, do not weaken your resolve in pursuit
of your enemy. Rat her, pursue t hem vigorously, fight t hem and be wary of t hem.
びラ
∠ ヲヨ∠ャ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨャ∠∇ほゎ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ
(if you are suffering t hen surely t hey are suffering as you are suffering,) meaning, j ust as you
suffer from inj uries and deat h, t he same happens t o t he enemy. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやザ

ｚョ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∀ゥ∇ゲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ジジ
∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ
(If you suffer a harm, be sure a similar harm has st ruck t he ot hers). Allah t hen said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲΑ∠ Ι
∠ ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(but you have a hope from Allah t hat for which t hey hope not ;) meaning, you and t hey are
equal regarding t he inj uries and pain t hat you suffer from. However, you hope for Allah's
reward, vict ory and aid, j ust as He has promised you in His Book and by t he words of his
Messenger . Surely, Allah's promise is t rue. On t he ot her hand, your enemies do not have hope
for any of t his. So, it is you, not t hey, who should be eager t o fight so t hat you est ablish t he
Word of Allah and raise it high. i
(And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) means, He is most knowledgeable and wise in all
what He decides, decrees, wills and act s on concerning various worldly and religious
ordainment s, and He is wort hy of praise in all condit ions.
サ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡ ペあエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よょ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺべｚル͡まぴ
- ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ダカ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レも͡ べ∠ガ∇ヤャあ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやポ ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡
Ι∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ
Ι∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺラ ∠ ヲ⊥ルゅわ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ͡ハ ∠ ∇メギ͡ ⇒∠イゎ⊥
サ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡をぺ∠ ゅ⇔ルやｚヲカ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョぁょエ ͡ Α⊥
Ι∠ ゅ∠ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあら∠ Α⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
ゅ⇔トΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ メ ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α
ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルほ∠⇒∠ワ -
ラ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ュぺ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやメ ⊥ ギ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ∠ヨプ∠
びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
(105. Surely, We have sent down t o you (O Muhammad ) t he Book in t rut h t hat you might j udge
bet ween men by t hat which Allah has shown you, so be not a pleader for t he t reacherous.)
(106. And seek t he forgiveness of Allah, cert ainly, Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
(107. And argue not on behalf of t hose who deceive t hemselves. Verily, Allah does not like
anyone who is a bet rayer, sinner.) (108. They may hide (t heir crimes) from men, but t hey
cannot hide (t hem) from Allah; for He is wit h t hem (by His knowledge), when t hey plot by night
in words t hat He does not approve. And Allah ever encompasses what t hey do.) (109. Lo! You
are t hose who have argued for t hem in t he life of t his world, but who will argue for t hem on
t he Day of Resurrect ion against Allah, or who will t hen be t heir defender)
The Necessity of Referring to What Allah has Revealed for

Judgement
Allah says t o His Messenger, Muhammad ,
びペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よょ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺべｚル͡まぴ
(Surely, We have sent down t o you t he Book in t rut h) meaning, it t ruly came from Allah and it s
narrat ions and commandment s are t rue. Allah t hen said,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやポ
∠ や∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨよ͡ サ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ∠ ム⊥ ∇エわ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(t hat you might j udge bet ween men by t hat which Allah has shown you,) In t he Two Sahihs, it is
recorded t hat Zaynab bint Umm Salamah said t hat Umm Salamah said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah heard t he noise of disput ing people close t o t he door of his room, and he went out t o
t hem saying,
∩⊥ノヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヲ∃ ∇エレ∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ツ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠»
ヂ
∃ ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ イｚエ ⊥ よ͡ リ ∠エ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ モｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠
ゅ∠ヨルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ペ
あエ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ヶ ∠ツ ͡ ∇ホほ∠プ∠
«ゅ∠ワ∇ケグ∠ Β∠ ャ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヤヨ͡ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∃ケゅ∠ル ∇リョ͡ る∀ バ∠ ∇トホ͡ ヶ ∠ ワ͡
(Verily, I am only human and I j udge based on what I hear. Some of you might be more
eloquent in present ing his case t han ot hers, so t hat I j udge in his favor. If I j udge in one's favor
concerning t he right of anot her Muslim, t hen it is a piece of t he Fire. So let one t ake it or leave
it .) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Salamah said, "Two men from t he Ansar came t o t he
Messenger of Allah wit h a disput e regarding some old inherit ance, but t hey did not have
evidence. The Messenger of Allah said,
モｚバ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲゼ ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩∠ヶャ∠ま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨダ ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡»
ヶ͡ツ∇ホぺ∠ ゅヨｚルま͡ヱ∠ ∩∃ヂ∇バよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ わ͡ イｚエ ⊥ よ͡ リ ⊥エ ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ツ
∠ ∇バよ∠
∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ろ⊥ ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ノヨ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ヲ∃ ∇エル∠ ヴヤ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠
る⇔ バ∠ ∇トホ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ト∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩⊥ロ∇グカ
⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ ペあェ ∠
ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ
⊥ ヶ͡プゅ⇔ョゅ∠ト∇シま͡ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョ͡
(You bring your disput es t o me, but I am only human. Some of you might be more persuasive in
t heir argument s t han ot hers. I only j udge bet ween you according t o what I hear. Therefore,
whomever I j udge in his favor and give him a part of his brot her's right , let him not t ake it , for
it is a part of t he Fire t hat I am giving him and it will be t ied around his neck on t he Day of
Resurrect ion.) The t wo men cried and each one of t hem said, ` I forfeit my right t o my brot her.'
The Messenger of Allah said,
ｚユを⊥ ペ
ｚエ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠Βカ
ｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ∠ヨジ
͡ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇ゅプ∠ ゅ∠らワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プゅ∠ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠»
«ヮ∠らェ ͡ ゅ∠タゅ∠ヨム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ギ∃ ェ͡ や∠ヱぁモミ⊥ ∇モヤ͡∇エΒ⊥ ャ͡ ユ⊥を ∩ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ わ∠ ∇シや
(Since you said t hat , t hen go and divide t he inherit ance, and t ry t o be j ust in your division.
Then draw lot s, and each one of you should forgive his brot her t hereaft er (regardless of who
got t he best share).)'' Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ サ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ
(They may hide (t heir crimes) from men, but t hey cannot hide (t hem) from Allah;) chast ises
t he hypocrit es because t hey hide t heir evil works from t he people so t hat t hey will not crit icize
t hem. Yet , t he hypocrit es disclose t his evil wit h Allah, Who has perfect wat ch over t heir
secret s and knows what is in t heir heart s. This is why Allah said,
メ
͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲ∠Α Ι∠ ゅ∠ョラ∠ ヲ⊥わΒあら∠ Α⊥ ∇クま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔トΒ͡エョ⊥ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨ͡よヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠
(for He is wit h t hem (by His knowledge), when t hey plot by night in words t hat He does not
approve. And Allah ever encompasses what t hey do) t hreat ening and warning t hem. Allah t hen
said,
∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ャギ∠ ⇒∠ィ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルほ∠⇒∠ワぴ
(Lo! You are t hose who have argued for t hem in t he life of t his world,) meaning, suppose t hese
people gain t he verdict from t he rulers in t heir favor in t his life, since t he rulers j udge
according t o what is apparent t o t hem. However, what will t heir condit ion be on t he Day of
Resurrect ion before Allah, Who knows t he secret and what is even more hidden Who will be his
advocat e on t hat Day Verily, none will support t hem t hat Day. Hence, Allah's st at ement ,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ リｚョ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
(or who will t hen be t heir defender)
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ⊥ ジ∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∇ユヤ͡∇ヌΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ∇ょジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやギ͡ イ
͡ Α∠
リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ͡ ∇ムΑ∠
モ∠ ヨ∠ わ∠ ∇ェやギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゃΑ͡ゲよ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ュ͡ ∇ゲΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ∠ ∇ょジ ͡ ∇ムΑ∠
マ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ポ ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョある∀ ヘ∠ も͡ べｚデ ∇ろヨｚヰ∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠
￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ リ͡ョマ ∠ ル∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ Ι ｚま͡ ラ∠ ヲぁヤツ ͡ Α⊥
∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョマ ∠ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠
(110. And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will
find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) 111. And whoever earns sin, he earns it only against
himself. And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) (112. And whoever earns a fault or a sin and
t hen blames it on someone innocent , he has indeed burdened himself wit h falsehood and a
manifest sin.) (113. Had not t he grace of Allah and His mercy been upon you, a part y of t hem
would cert ainly have made a decision t o mislead you, but t hey mislead none except t heir own
selves, and no harm can t hey do t o you in t he least . Allah has sent down t o you t he Book, and
t he Hikmah, and t aught you t hat which you knew not . And ever great is t he grace of Allah unt o
you.)
The Encouragement to Seek Allah's Forgiveness, and Warning those

who Falsely Accuse Innocent People
Allah emphasizes His generosit y and kindness, in t hat He forgives whoever repent s t o Him from
what ever evil t hey commit . Allah said,

͡ Α∠
(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find
Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed about
t his Ayah, "Allah informs His servant s of His forgiveness, forbearing generosit y and expansive
mercy. So whoever commit s a sin, whet her minor or maj or,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやギ͡ イ
͡ Α∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
(but aft erwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) even
if his sins were great er t han t he heavens, t he eart h and t he mount ains.'' Imam Ahmad recorded
t hat ` Ali said, "Whenever I hear anyt hing from t he Messenger of Allah, Allah benefit s me wit h
what ever He wills of t hat . Abu Bakr t old me, and Abu Bakr has said t he t rut h, t hat t he
ヶあヤダ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ほ⊥ッ
ｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ
⊥ ル͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ビ
∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ょ∇ルグｚャやマ ∠ ャ͡グ͡ャぶ∠ やゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡リ∇Β∠わ∠バ∇ミ∠ケ
«ヮ∠ャ
(No Muslim commit s a sin and t hen performs ablut ion, prays t wo Rak` ahs and begs Allah for
forgiveness for t hat sin, but He forgives him.) He t hen recit ed t hese t wo Ayat ,
びヮ⊥ ジ
(And whoever does evil or wrongs himself), and,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る⇔ ゼ
∠エ
͡ ⇒∠プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ や∠クま͡ リ
(And t hose who, when t hey have commit t ed Fahishah or wronged t hemselves wit h evil).'' Allah's
st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ジ
∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ジ
͡ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅヨ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ ∇ょジ
͡ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever earns sin, he earns it only against himself.) is similar t o His st at ement ,
びン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ケ∠ ∇コヱ͡ り∀ ケ∠ コ͡ や∠ヱケ⊥ ゴ͡ ゎ∠ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And no bearer of burdens shall bear t he burden of anot her). So no one will avail anyone else.
Rat her, every soul, and none else, shall carry it s own burden. This is why Allah said,
(And Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.) meaning, t his occurs due t o His knowledge, wisdom,
fairness and mercy.
びユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇リム⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョマ

∠ ヨ∠ ヤｚハ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t aught you t hat which you knew not .), before t his revelat ion was sent down t o you.
Similarly, Allah said,
ろ
∠ レ⊥ミゅ∠ョゅ∠ルゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇リョあゅ⇔ェヱ⊥ケマ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ マ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びょ
⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやゅ∠ョン͡ケ∇ギゎ∠
(And t hus We have sent t o you (O Muhammad ) a Ruh (a revelat ion, and a mercy) of Our
command. You knew not what is t he Book) unt il t he end of t he Surah. Allah said,
る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ょ
⊥ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ヤΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺヲ⊥ィ∇ゲゎ∠ ろ
∠ レ⊥ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びマ
∠ よあケｚリあョ
(And you were not expect ing t hat t he Book (t his Qur'an) would be sent down t o you, but it is a
mercy from your Lord). So Allah said;
∠ マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
⊥ ∇ツプ∠ ラ
(And ever great is t he grace of Allah unt o you (O Muhammad )).
ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι ｚま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇イルｚリあョゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ͡プゲ∠ ∇Βカ ∠ Ι ｚぴ

リ∠ョヱ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやリ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ
∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ
∠ よ͡
ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽル⊥ フ∠ ∇ヲジ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ͡ ⇒∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ∠ ∇よやマ
∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠
ゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョメ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやペ ͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠
ヮ͡ ャあヲ∠ ル⊥ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ
∠ Βｚら∠ ゎ∠
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ダル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ
(114. There is no good in most of t heir secret t alks save (in) him who orders Sadaqah, or
goodness, or conciliat ion bet ween mankind; and he who does t his, seeking t he good pleasure of
Allah, We shall give him a great reward. (115. And whoever cont radict s and opposes t he
Messenger aft er t he right pat h has been shown clearly t o him, and follows ot her t han t he
believers' way, We shall keep him in t he pat h he has chosen, and burn him in Hell what an evil
dest inat ion!)
Righteous Najwa, Secret Talk

Allah said,
び∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヲ∇イルｚリあョゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ ヴ͡プゲ∠ ∇Βカ

∠ Ι
ｚぴ
(There is no good in most of t heir secret t alks) meaning, what t he people say t o each ot her.
リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ
∃ ⇒∠ヤ∇タま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ フ
∃ ヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダ
∠ よ͡ ゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
びサ
͡ ゅｚレャや
(save him who orders Sadaqah (charit y), or goodness, or reconciliat ion bet ween mankind;)
meaning, except for t his t ype of t alk. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umm Kult hum bint ` Uqbah
said t hat she heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
ヶ͡ヨ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ サ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ウ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚやゆ
⊥ やｚグム∠ ∇ャやザ∠ ∇Βャ∠»
«や⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩や⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠
(He who brings about reconciliat ion bet ween people by embellishing good or saying good
t hings, is not a liar.) She also said, "I never heard him allow what t he people say (lies) except
in t hree cases: in war, bringing peace bet ween people and t he man's speech (invent ed
compliment s) t o his wife and her speech t o her husband.'' Umm Kult hum bint ` Uqbah was
among t he immigrant women who gave t heir pledge of allegiance t o t he Messenger of Allah .
The Group also recorded t his Hadit h, wit h t he except ion of Ibn Maj ah. Imam Ahmad recorded
t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩͡ュゅ∠Βダ
あャやる͡ ィ
∠ ケ∠ キ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ
∠ツ
∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇カぺ⊥ ゅ∠ャぺ∠»
«∨͡るホ∠ ギ∠ ダ
ｚャや∠ヱ ∩͡りゅ∠ヤダｚャや∠ヱ
(Should I t ell you what is bet t er t han t he grade of fast ing, praying and Sadaqah) They said,
"Yes, O Allah's Messenger!'' He said,
«リ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやれ
͡ や∠クゥ
⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇タま͡»
(Bringing reconciliat ion bet ween people.) He also said,
«る∠ボャ͡ゅ∠エ∇ャやヶ
∠ ワ͡ リ
͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやれ
͡ や∠クキ⊥ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ヱ∠ »
(Spoiling t he relat ionship (bet ween people) is t he dest royer.) Abu Dawud and At -Tirmidhi also
recorded t his Hadit h, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih''. Allah said,
͡ ⇒∠ッ∇ゲョ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ピわ∠ ∇よやマ
∠ ャ͡ク ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and he who does t his, seeking t he good pleasure of Allah,) wit h sincerit y and await ing t he
reward wit h Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored,
∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽル⊥ フ
∠ ∇ヲジ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(We shall give him a great reward.) meaning, an immense, enormous and t remendous reward.
The Punishment for Contradicting and Opposing the Messenger and

Following a Path Other than That of the Believers
びン∠ギヰ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ャ∠ リ
∠ Βｚら∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョメ
∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやペ
͡ ホ͡ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And whoever cont radict s and opposes t he Messenger aft er t he right pat h has been shown
clearly t o him.) refers t o whoever int ent ionally t akes a pat h ot her t han t he pat h of t he Law
revealed t o t he Messenger, aft er t he t rut h has been made clear, apparent and plain t o him.
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚ Α∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and follows ot her t han t he believers' way,) refers t o a t ype of conduct t hat is closely relat ed
t o cont radict ing t he Messenger . This cont radict ion could be in t he form of cont radict ing a t ext
(from t he Qur'an or Sunnah) or cont radict ing what t he Ummah of Muhammad has agreed on.
The Ummah of Muhammad is immune from error when t hey all agree on somet hing, a miracle
t hat serves t o increase t heir honor, due t o t he great ness of t heir Prophet . There are many
aut hent ic Hadit hs on t his subj ect . Allah warned against t he evil of cont radict ing t he Prophet
and his Ummah, when He said, e
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダョ∠ ∇れ￢∠ べ∠シヱ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ

∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ダル⊥ ヱ∠ ヴｚャヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ャあヲ∠ ル⊥ ぴ
(We shall keep him in t he pat h he has chosen, and burn him in Hell --- what an evil
dest inat ion!) meaning, when one goes on t his wicked pat h, We will punish him by making t he
evil pat h appear good in his heart , and will beaut ify it for him so t hat he is t empt ed furt her.
For inst ance, Allah said,
∇ユヰ⊥ ィ
⊥ ケ͡ ∇ギわ∠ ∇ジレ∠ シ
∠ ゑ
͡ Α͡ギエ
∠ ∇ャやや∠グ⇒∠ヰよ͡ ゆ⊥ あグム∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ケグ∠ プ∠ ぴ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι
∠ ゑ⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ∇リョあ
(Then leave Me Alone wit h such as belie t his Qur'an. We shall punish t hem gradually from
direct ions t hey perceive not ),
び∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやパ

∠ や∠コぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ビや∠コゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
(So when t hey t urned away (from t he pat h of Allah), Allah t urned t heir heart s away), and,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヰヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠Β∇ピデ
⊥ ヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ⊥ グ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And We shall leave t hem in t heir t respass t o wander blindly). Allah made t he Fire t he
dest inat ion of such people in t he Hereaft er. Indeed, t he pat h of t hose who avoid t he right
guidance will only lead t o t he Fire on t he Day of Resurrect ion, as evident by Allah's st at ement s,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇コぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ
∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥ゲゼ
⊥ ∇ェやぴ
((It will be said t o t he angels): "Assemble t hose who did wrong, t oget her wit h t heir companions
(from t he devils)), and,
ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バホ͡ や∠ヲョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレヌ
∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャやラ∠ ヲ⊥ョゲ͡ ∇イヨ⊥ ∇ャやン∠ぺケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔プゲ͡ ∇ダョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠
(And t he criminals, shall see t he Fire and apprehend t hat t hey have t o fall t herein. And t hey
will find no way of escape from t here).
ラ∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ョゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ぴ

Κ
⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク
ラ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡ま - や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠
∇リョ͡ ラｚグ∠ ガ͡ ゎｚ Ι
∂ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚ - や⇔ギΑ͡ゲョｚゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇Βセ ∠ Ι ｚま͡
∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ レあョ∠ Ε
⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヤｚ͡ッΕ∠ヱ - ゅ⇔ッヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘョｚゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ポ ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡
∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ ユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ ｘやラ ∠ や∠クや∠￢リｚム⊥ わあら∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠
リあョゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやグ͡ ガ
͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやペ ∠ ∇ヤカ
∠ ラｚゲ⊥ Βあピ∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠
∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ルや∠ゲ∇ジカ ⊥ ゲ∠ ジ ͡カ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ͡ ヱ⊥キ
- や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ ⊥ Ι ｚま͡ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあレヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠
- ゅ⇔ダΒ͡エョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ユ⊥ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥
͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ
や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠
びΚ ⇔ Β͡ホヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ∠ ョ͡ ベ ⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠
(116. Verily, Allah forgives not (t he sin of) set t ing up part ners (in worship) wit h Him, but He
forgives whom He wills, sins ot her t han t hat , and whoever set s up part ners in worship wit h
Allah, has indeed st rayed far away.) (117. They invoke not hing but female deit ies besides Him
(Allah), and t hey invoke not hing but Shayt an, a persist ent rebel!) (118. Allah cursed him. And
he Shayt an said: "I will t ake an appoint ed port ion of your servant s.") (119. "Verily, I will
mislead t hem, and surely, I will arouse in t hem false desires; and cert ainly, I will order t hem t o
slit t he ears of cat t le, and indeed I will order t hem t o change t he nat ure creat ed by Allah.'' And
whoever t akes Shayt an as a Wali inst ead of Allah, has surely suffered a manifest loss.) (120. He
Shayt an makes promises t o t hem, and arouses in t hem false desires; and Shayt an's promises
are not hing but decept ions.) (121. The dwelling of such (people) is Hell, and t hey will find no
way of escape from it .) (122. And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds, We shall
admit t hem t o t he Gardens under which rivers flow (i.e. in Paradise) t o dwell t herein forever.
Allah's promise is t he t rut h; and whose words can be t ruer t han t hose of Allah)
Shirk Shall not be Forgiven, in Reality the Idolators Worship

Shaytan
We t alked about Allah's st at ement ,
ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
びマ
∠ ャ͡ク∠
(Verily, Allah forgives not (t he sin of) set t ing up part ners (in worship) wit h Him, but He forgives
whom He wills, sins ot her t han t hat ,) before and ment ioned t he relevant Hadit hs in t he
beginning of t his Surah. Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ
⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ
∠ モ
ｚッ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and whoever set s up part ners in worship wit h Allah, has indeed st rayed far away.) means, he
will have t aken ot her t han t he t rue pat h, deviat ed from guidance and right eousness, dest royed
himself in t his life and t he Hereaft er, and lost cont ent ment in t his life and t he Hereaft er.
Juwaybir said t hat Ad-Dahhak said about Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ル͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まぴ
(They invoke not hing but female deit ies besides Him (Allah),) "The idolat ors claimed t hat t he
angels are Allah's daught ers, saying, ` We only worship t hem so t hat t hey bring us closer t o
Allah.' So t hey t ook t he angels as gods, made t he shapes of girls and decided, ` These (idols)
resemble t he daught ers of Allah (i.e., t he angels), Whom we worship. ''' This is similar t o Allah's
st at ement s,
びンｚゴバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱろ
∠ ⇒ｚヤャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α￢∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
(Have you t hen considered Al-Lat and Al-` Uzza)
びゅ⇔ん⇒∠ルま͡ リ
͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚャやキ⊥ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇ユワ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやる∠ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey make t he angels who t hemselves are servant s of t he Most Gracious (Allah) females)
and,
びゅ⇔ら∠ジル∠ る͡ レｚイ
͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey have invent ed a kinship bet ween Him and t he Jinn). Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔ギΑ͡ゲョｚゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇Βセ
∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hey invoke not hing but Shayt an, a persist ent rebel!) means, Shayt an has commanded
t hem t o do t his and made it seem fair and beaut iful in t heir eyes. Consequent ly, t hey are
worshipping Shayt an in realit y, j ust as Allah said in anot her Ayah,
∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ Ι
ｚラ∠ぺュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢ヴ͡レら∠ Α ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
びリ∠ ⇒∠トΒｚゼャや
(Did I not command you, O Children of Adam, t hat you should not worship Shayt an) Allah said
t hat , on t he Day of Resurrect ion, t he angels shall proclaim about t he idolat ors who worshipped
t hem in t his life:
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ͡ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ワゲ⊥ ん∠ ⇒∇ミぺ∠ リ
ｚイ
͡ ∇ャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇モよ∠ ぴ
(Nay, but t hey used t o worship t he Jinn; most of t hem were believers in t hem). Allah's
st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚぴ

(Allah cursed him), means, He expelled him and banished him from His mercy and His grace.
びゅ⇔ッヱ⊥ゲ∇ヘョｚゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠ ポ
∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ
ｚグ∠ ガ
͡ ゎｚ Ι
∂ぴ
(I will t ake an appoint ed port ion of your servant s) means, a fixed and known share. Muqat il bin
Hayyan comment ed, "From every one t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine will go t o t he
Fire and one t o Paradise.''
び∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヤｚ͡ッΕ∠ヱぴ
(Verily, I will mislead t hem) from t he t rue pat h,
び∇ユヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ レあョ∠ Ε
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and surely, I will arouse in t hem false desires;) t empt ing t hem t o feign repent ance, arousing
false hopes in t hem, encouraging t hem t o delay and procrast inat e wit h right eous deeds,
deceiving t hem.
びユ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ルΙ
ｘやラ
∠ や∠クや∠￢リ
ｚム⊥ わあら∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ ぴ
(and cert ainly, I will order t hem t o slit t he ears of cat t le,) meaning, slit t ing t heir ears t o
designat e t hem as Bahirah, Sa'ibah, and a Wasilah, as Qat adah and As-Suddi st at ed.
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやペ
∠ ∇ヤカ
∠ ラ
ｚゲ⊥ Βあピ∠ Β⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚルゲ∠ ョ⊥ ∂Ιヱ∠ ぴ
(And indeed I will order t hem t o change t he nat ure creat ed by Allah.) means t at t ooing,
according t o Al-Hasan bin Abi Al-Hasan Al-Basri. In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t he prohibit ion of
t at t ooing t he face, which in one of it s wordings st at es: "May Allah curse whoever does t his.'' It
is also recorded in t he Sahih t hat Ibn Mas` ud said, "May Allah curse t hose who have t at t oos and
t hose who do it , who pluck t heir (facial) hairs and t he one who does it for t hem, and t hose who
make spaces bet ween t heir t eet h for t he purpose of beaut y, changing what Allah has creat ed.''
He t hen said, "Why should not I curse whom t he Messenger of Allah has cursed, when t he Book
of Allah commands it ,'' referring t o t he Ayah,
ヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ヰル∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ
⊥ プ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルゅ∠プ
(And what soever t he Messenger gives you, t ake it ; and what soever he forbids you, abst ain
(from it )). Allah's st at ement ,
ゲ∠ ジ
͡カ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリあョゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ リ
∠ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやグ͡ ガ
͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ルや∠ゲ∇ジカ ⊥
(And whoever t akes Shayt an as a Wali (prot ect or or helper) inst ead of Allah, has surely suffered
a manifest loss.) means, he will have lost t his life and t he Hereaft er. Indeed, t his is a t ype of
loss t hat cannot be compensat ed or rest ored. Allah's st at ement ,
や⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ
⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあレヨ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ぴ
び
(He Shayt an makes promises t o t hem, and arouses in t hem false desires;) explains t he t rue
realit y. Surely, Shayt an deceit fully promises his support ers and t empt s t hem int o believing t hat
t hey are winners in t his and t he Hereaft er. This is why Allah said,
びや⇔ケヱ⊥ゲビ
⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャや ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ バ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and Shayt an's promises are not hing but decept ions.) Allah st at es t hat on t he Day of Ret urn,
∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ョΙ
ｘやヴ ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ ゅｚヨャ∠ リ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやメ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
ヴ
∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠∇カほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎぁギ∠ハヱ∠ ヱ∠ ペあエ ∠ ∇ャやギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠
びリ
∃ ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ
⊥ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠
(And Shayt an will say when t he mat t er has been decided: "Verily, Allah promised you a promise
of t rut h. And I t oo promised you, but I bet rayed you. I had no aut horit y over you), unt il,
び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ

∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t here is a painful t orment for t he wrongdoers.) Allah's st at ement ,
びマ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(of such (people)) refers t o t hose who like and prefer what Shayt an is promising and assuring
t hem of,
びユ⊥ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョｚぴ
(The dwelling of such (people) is Hell), as t heir dest inat ion and abode on t he Day of
Resurrect ion,
びゅ⇔ダΒ͡エョ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギイ
͡ Α∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hey will find no way of escape from it .), meaning, t hey will not be able t o avoid, avert ,
evade or elude t he Hellfire.
The Reward of Righteous Believers

Allah t hen ment ions t he condit ion of t he cont ent right eous believers and t he perfect honor
t hey will earn in t he end. Allah said,
びれ
͡ ゅ∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ
(And t hose who believe and do right eous good deeds,) meaning, t heir heart s were t rut hful and
t heir limbs obedient wit h t he right eous act s t hey were commanded, all t he while abandoning
t he evil t hey were prohibit ed from doing.
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ
∃ ⇒ｚレィ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ
͡ ∇ギレ⊥ シ
∠ぴ
(We shall admit t hem t o Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise)) meaning, t hey will t hink
of where t hey want t hese rivers t o flow and t hey will flow t here,
びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プリ
(t o dwell t herein forever), wit hout end or being removed from it .
びゅ６ボェ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ ∇ハヱ∠ ぴ
(Allah's promise is t he t rut h), meaning, t his is a t rue promise from Allah, and verily, Allah's
promise shall come t o pass. Allah t hen said,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ホヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ベ
⊥ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and whose words can be t ruer t han t hose of Allah) meaning, none is more t rut hful in
st at ement and narrat ion t han Allah. There is no deit y wort hy of worship, or Lord except Him.
The Messenger of Allah used t o proclaim in his speech,
ヵ͡ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇Βカ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶやュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤミ∠ ゑ ͡ Α͡ギエ
∠ ∇ャやベ
∠ ギ∠ ∇タぺ∠ ラｚま͡»
ケ͡ ヲ⊥ョほ⊥∇ャやゲｚセ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ユ∂ヤシヱヮΒヤハぶやヴヤタ∃ギヨｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヵ ⊥ ∇ギワ∠
る∃ ハ
∠ ∇ギよ͡ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀るハ ∠ ∇ギよ͡ る∃ を∠ ギ∠ ∇エョ⊥ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰゎ⊥ ゅ∠を∠ギ∇エョ⊥
«ケゅｚレャやヶ͡プる∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ ∠ ｚモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀るャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ∠
(The most t rut hful speech is Allah's Speech, and t he best guidance is t he guidance of
Muhammad. The worst mat t ers are t he newly invent ed (in religion), every newly invent ed
mat t er is an innovat ion, and every innovat ion is a heresy, and every heresy is in t he Fire.)
∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ

͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴあル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Βあレ͡ ⇒∠ョほ∠ よ͡ ザ∠ ∇Βャｚぴ
Ι∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ ͡ Α∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ
∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョろ ∠ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠
Ι
∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャやラ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ
ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リヨｚョ͡ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キリ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ヌΑ⊥
ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやヱ ∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠
れ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ - Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやグ∠ ガ
∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ
びゅ⇔トΒ͡エョぁ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠
(123. It will not be in accordance wit h your desires, nor t hose of t he People of t he Script ure,
whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof, and he will not find any prot ect or or
helper besides Allah.) (124. And whoever does right eous good deeds, male or female, and is a
believer, such will ent er Paradise and not t he least inj ust ice, even t o t he size of a Naqir, will
be done t o t hem.) (125. And who can be bet t er in religion t han one who submit s his face
(himself) t o Allah; and he is a Muhsin (a doer of good). And follows t he religion of Ibrahim t he
Hanif (Monot heist ). And Allah did t ake Ibrahim as a Khalil (an int imat e friend)!) (126. And t o
Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is Ever
Encompassing all t hings.)
Success is Only Achieved by Performing Righteous Deeds, not

Wishful Thinking
Qat adah said, "We were t old t hat t he Muslims and t he People of t he Script ures ment ioned t heir
own virt ues t o each ot her. People of t he Script ures said, ` Our Prophet came before your
Prophet and our Book before your Book. Therefore, we should have more right t o Allah t han
you have.' Muslims said, ` Rat her, we have more right t o Allah t han you, our Prophet is t he Final
Prophet and our Book supersedes all t he Books before it .' Allah sent down,
∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョょ

͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ
あル͡ ゅ∠ョぺ∠ Ι∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ Βあレ͡ ⇒∠ョほ∠よ͡ ザ
∠ ∇Βャｚぴ
びヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ
(It will not be in accordance wit h your desires (Muslims), nor t hose of t he People of t he
Script ure (Jews and Christ ians), whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof),
ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リヨｚョ͡ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キリ

⊥ジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
び∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥
(And who can be bet t er in religion t han one who submit s his face (himself) t o Allah; and he is a
Muhsin.) Allah t hen support ed t he argument of t he Muslims against t heir opponent s of t he ot her
religions.'' Similar st at ement s were at t ribut ed t o As-Suddi, Masruq, Ad-Dahhak and Abu Salih.
Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t his Ayah 4:123 , "The followers of various
religions disput ed, t he people of t he Tawrah said, ` Our Book is t he best Book and our Prophet
(Musa) is t he best Prophet . ' The people of t he Inj il said similarly, t he people of Islam said,
` There is no religion except Islam, our Book has abrogat ed every ot her Book, our Prophet is t he
Final Prophet , and you were commanded t o believe in your Books and adhere t o our Book.'
Allah j udged bet ween t hem, saying, o

͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ
∠ ∇Βャｚぴ
(It will not be in accordance wit h your desires, nor t hose of t he People of t he Script ure,
whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof).'' This Ayah indicat es t hat t he religion
is not accept ed on account of wishful t hinking or mere hopes. Rat her, t he accept ed religion
relies on what resides in t he heart and which is made t rut hful t hrough act ions. It is not t rue
t hat when one ut t ers a claim t o somet hing, he at t ains it merely on account of his claim. It is
not t rue t hat every person who claims t o be on t he t rut h is considered as such, merely on
account of his words, unt il his claim gains merit wit h proof from Allah. Hence Allah's
st at ement ,
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴ
∠ ∇Βャｚぴ
(It will not be in accordance wit h your desires, nor t hose of t he People of t he Script ure,
whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof), meaning safet y will not be acquired
by you or t hem j ust by wishful t hinking. Rat her, t he key is in obeying Allah and following what
He has legislat ed t hrough t he words of His honorable Messengers. This is why Allah said
aft erwards,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ゴ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ や⇔￢ヲ⊥シ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョぴ

(whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof,) Similarly, Allah said,
∇モヨ∠ ⇒∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ

∠ り∃ ケｚク∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
びロ⊥ ゲ∠ Α∠ や⇔ゲ∂ セ
∠ り∃ ケｚク∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡
(So whosoever does good equal t o t he weight of an at om, shall see it . And whosoever does evil
equal t o t he weight of an at om, shall see it .) and it was report ed t hat when t hese Ayat were
revealed, t hey became hard on many Companions. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "I
said, ` O Messenger of Allah! I know t he hardest Ayah in t he Qur'an.' He said, ` What is it , O
` A'ishah!' I said,

(whoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof,) He said,
る͡ ら∠ ∇ムレｚャやヴｚわェ
∠ ∩∠リョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ギ∇らバ∠ ∇ャやょ
⊥ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヲ∠ ワ⊥ »
«ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ム∠ ∇レΑ⊥
(That is what st rikes t he believing servant , even t he problems t hat bot her him.)'' Ibn Jarir and
Abu Dawud also recorded t his Hadit h. Sa` id bin Mansur recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "When
t he Ayah,

(whosoever works evil, will have t he recompense t hereof,) was revealed, it was hard on
Muslims. The Messenger of Allah said t o t hem,
ヮ͡ よ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョあモミ⊥ ヶ͡プラｚみ͡プ∠ ∩やヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ やヱ⊥キギあシ

∠»
る͡ ら∠ ∇ム⇒ｚレャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰミ⊥ ゅ∠ゼΑ⊥ る͡ ミ∠ ∇ヲゼ
ｚャやヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⇔りケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや
«ゅ∠ヰら⊥ ム∠ ∇レΑ⊥
(Be st eadfast and seek closeness. Everyt hing t hat afflict s t he Muslim, even t he t horn t hat
pierces his skin and t he hardship he suffers, will be an expiat ion for him.)'' This is t he wording
collect ed by Ahmad t hrough Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah. Muslim and At -Tirmidhi also recorded it .
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ギイ
͡ Α∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and he will not find any prot ect or or helper besides Allah,) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat
Ibn ` Abbas said; "Unless he repent s and Allah forgives him.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded it . Allah
t hen said,
ヴ∠んル⊥ぺ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ミ∠ ク∠ リ͡ョろ

∠ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∇モヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
び∀リ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠
(And whoever does right eous good deeds, male or female, and is a believer). Allah ment ions
t he recompense for evil act ions and t hat He will surely inflict it s punishment on t he servant ,
eit her in t his life, which is bet t er for him, or in t he Hereaft er, we seek refuge wit h Allah from
t his end. We also beg Allah for our well-being in t his life and t he Hereaft er and for His
forgiveness, mercy and pardon. Allah t hen ment ions His kindness, generosit y and mercy in
accept ing t he good deeds from His servant s, whet her male or female, wit h t he condit ion t hat
t hey embrace t he fait h. He also st at ed t hat He will admit t he believers int o Paradise and will
not wit hhold any of t heir right eous deeds, even t he weight of a Naqir - speck on t he back of a
dat e-st one. Earlier, we discussed t he Fat il - t he scalish t hread in t he long slit of a dat e-st one,
and bot h of t hese, along wit h t he Qit mir -- t he t hin membrane over t he dat e-st one were
ment ioned in t he Qur'an. Allah t hen said,
びぶヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇シぺ∠ ∇リヨｚョ͡ ゅ⇔レΑ͡キリ

⊥ジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And who can be bet t er in religion t han one who submit s his face t o Allah.) meaning, performs
t he good act ions in sincerit y for his Lord wit h fait h and await ing t he reward wit h Allah,
び∀リ͡ジ∇エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and he is a Muhsin) following t he correct guidance t hat Allah legislat ed in t he religion of t rut h
which He sent His Messenger wit h. These are t he t wo condit ions, in t he absence of which no
deed will be accept ed from anyone; sincerit y and correct ness. The work is sincere when it is
performed for Allah alone and it becomes correct when it conforms t o t he Shari` ah. So, t he
deed becomes out wardly correct wit h following t he Sunnah and inwardly correct wit h sincerit y.
When any deed lacks eit her of t hese t wo condit ions, t he deed becomes null and void. For
inst ance, when one lacks t he pillar of sincerit y in his work, he becomes a hypocrit e who shows
off for people. Whoever does not follow t he Shari` ah, he becomes an ignorant , wicked person.
When one combines bot h pillars, his act ions will be t he deeds of t he fait hful believers whose
best deeds are accept ed from t hem and t heir errors erased. Consequent ly, Allah said,
びゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ
∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやヱぴ
(And follows t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif (Monot heist ). ) referring t o Muhammad and his
following, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said,
や∠グ⇒∠ワヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚやリ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よみ͡よ͡ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺラｚま͡ぴ
びヴぁら͡ レｚャや
(Verily, among mankind who have t he best claim t o Ibrahim are t hose who followed him, and
t his Prophet ), and,
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ
∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ る∠ ヤｚョ͡ ∇ノら͡ ゎｚやラ
͡ ぺ∠ マ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
びリ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ
(Then, We have sent t he Revelat ion t o you (saying): "Follow t he religion of Ibrahim t he Hanif
(Monot heist ) and he was not of t he Mushrikin). The Hanif, int ent ionally and wit h knowledge,
avoids Shirk, he goes at t ent ively t o t he t rut h, allowing no one t o hinder him or st op him from
it .
Ibrahim is Allah's Khalil

びΚ
⇔ Β͡ヤカ
∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやグ∠ ガ
∠ ゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah did t ake Ibrahim as a Khalil (an int imat e friend)!) encourages following Ibrahim Al-
Khalil, because he was and st ill is an Imam whose conduct is followed and imit at ed. Indeed,
Ibrahim reached t he ult imat e closeness t o Allah t hat t he servant s seek, for he at t ained t he
grade of Khalil, which is t he highest grade of love. He acquired all t his due t o his obedience t o
His Lord, j ust as Allah has described him,
びヴｚプヱ∠ ン͡グャｚやユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(And of Ibrahim, t he one who fulfilled),
びリ
ｚヰ⊥ ヨｚゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ろ
∃ ⇒∠ヨヤ͡ム∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ヤわ∠ ∇よやク͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And (remember) when t he Lord of Ibrahim t ried him wit h (cert ain) commands, which he
fulfilled), and,
リ
∠ ョ͡ マ
⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヘΒ͡レェ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ゅ⇔わレ͡ ⇒∠ホる⇔ ョｚぺ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(Verily, Ibrahim was an Ummah, obedient t o Allah, a Hanif, and he was not one of t he
Mushrikin). Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Amr bin Maymun said t hat when Mu` adh came back from
Yemen, he led t hem in t he Faj r prayer and recit ed,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡ヤカ
∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやグ∠ ガ
∠ ゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah did t ake Ibrahim as a Khalil!) One of t he men present comment ed, "Surely, t he eye
of Ibrahim's mot her has been comfort ed.'' Ibrahim was called Allah's Khalil due t o his Lord's
great love t owards him, on account of t he act s of obedience he performed t hat Allah loves and
prefers. We should ment ion here t hat in t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri
said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah gave t hem his last speech, he said,
モ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ や⇔グガ ͡ わｚョ⊥ ろ

⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠ ∩⊥ギ∇バよ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠»
る∠ プ∠ ゅ∠エホ⊥ ヶ͡よぺ∠ リ∠ ∇よやゲ͡ ∇ムよ∠ ゅ∠よ∠ぺれ⊥ ∇グガ
∠ ｚゎゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤカ
∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや
«ぶやモ ⊥ Β͡ヤカ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ら⊥ ェ
͡ ゅ∠タ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤカ∠
(O people! If I were t o t ake a Khalil from t he people of t he eart h, I would have t aken Abu Bakr
bin Abi Quhafah as my Khalil. However, your companion (meaning himself) is t he Khalil of
Allah.) Jundub bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali, ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As and ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud
narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said,
«ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤカ
∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ グ∠ ガ
∠ ゎｚやゅ∠ヨミ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤカ
∠ ヶ͡ルグ∠ ガ
∠ ゎｚやぶ
∠ やラ
ｚま͡»
(Allah has chosen me as His Khalil, j ust as He has chosen Ibrahim as His Khalil.) Allah's
st at ement ,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
(And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h.) means, everyt hing
and everyone are His propert y, servant s and creat ion, and He has full aut horit y over all of t his.
There is no one who can avert Allah's decision or quest ion His j udgment . He is never asked
about what He does due t o His might , abilit y, fairness, wisdom, compassion and mercy. Allah's
st at ement ,
びゅ⇔トΒ͡エョぁ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
(And Allah is Ever Encompassing all t hings.) means, His knowledge encompasses everyt hing and
not hing concerning His servant s is ever hidden from Him. Not hing, even t he weight of an at om,
ever escapes His observat ion in t he heavens and eart h, nor anyt hing smaller or bigger t han
t hat .
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ
ｚヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ͡ ホ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやヴ͡プマ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
Ι∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠ヤャｚや￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΑ∠ ヴ͡プょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥
ｚリワ⊥ ヲ⊥エム͡ レ∠ゎラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヲ⊥らビ ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ょ ∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ョリｚヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥
ヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ラ ͡ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ
ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠
(127. They ask your legal inst ruct ion concerning women. Say: "Allah inst ruct s you about t hem,
and about what is recit ed unt o you in t he Book concerning t he orphan girls whom you give not
what t hey deserve and yet whom you desire t o marry, and t he children who are weak and
oppressed, and t hat you st and firm for j ust ice t o orphans. And what ever good you do, Allah is
Ever All-Aware of it .)
The Ruling Concerning Female Orphans
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said about t he Ayah,
びリ
ｚヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
͡ ホ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやヴ͡プマ
∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(They ask your inst ruct ion concerning women. Say, "Allah inst ruct s you about t hem...) unt il,

(whom you desire t o marry...) "It is about t he man who is t aking care of a female orphan, being
her caret aker and inherit or. Her money is j oined wit h his money t o such an ext ent , t hat she
shares wit h him even t he branch of a dat e t hat he has. So he likes (for mat erial gain) t o marry
her himself, and hat es t o marry her t o anot her man who would have a share in his money, on
account of her share in his money. Therefore, he refuses t o let her marry anyone else. So, t his
Ayah was revealed.'' Muslim also recorded it . Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The
people asked Allah's Messenger (about orphan girls), so Allah revealed,
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ リ
ｚヰ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
͡ ホ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやヴ͡プマ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥
(They ask your inst ruct ion concerning women. Say, "Allah inst ruct s you about t hem and about
what is recit ed unt o you in t he Book...") What is meant by Allah's saying, ` And about what is
recit ed unt o you in t he Book' is t he former verse which said,
ゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ルゅ∠プヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥トジ ͡ ∇ボゎ⊥ Ιｚぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘカ
∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠デ
(If you fear t hat you shall not be able t o deal j ust ly wit h t he orphan girls, t hen marry (ot her)
women of your choice.)'' ` A'ishah said, "Allah's st at ement ,

(whom you desire t o marry...) also refers t o t he desire of t he guardian not t o marry an orphan
girl under his supervision when she lacks propert y or beaut y. The guardians were forbidden t o
marry t heir orphan girls possessing propert y and beaut y wit hout being j ust t o t hem, as t hey
generally refrain from marrying t hem (when t hey are neit her beaut iful nor wealt hy).'' The basis
of t his is recorded in Two Sahihs. Consequent ly, when a man is t he caret aker of a female
orphan, he might like t o marry her himself. In t his case, Allah commands him t o give her a
suit able dowry t hat ot her women of her st at us get . If he does not want t o do t hat , t hen let him
marry ot her women, for Allah has made t his mat t er easy for Muslims. Somet imes, t he caret aker
does not desire t o marry t he orphan under his care, because she is not at t ract ive t o his eye. In
t his case, Allah forbids t he caret aker from prevent ing t he female orphan from marrying
anot her man for fear t hat her husband would share in t he money t hat is mut ually shared
bet ween t he caret aker and t he girl. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "During t he
t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he caret aker of a female orphan would cover her wit h his rope, and when
he did t hat , no man would marry her. If she was beaut iful and he desired t o marry her, he
married her and t ook cont rol of her wealt h. If she was not beaut iful, he did not allow her t o
marry unt il she died, and when she died he inherit ed her money. Allah prohibit ed and out lawed
t his pract ice. '' He also said about Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
͡ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∠リΒ͡ヘ∠バ∇ツ∠わ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he children who are weak and oppressed,) t hat during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t hey used
t o deny young children and females a share of inherit ance. So Allah's st at ement ,
びｚリヰ⊥ ャ∠ ょ
∠ わ͡ ミ⊥ ゅ∠ョリ
ｚヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι
∠ぴ
(you give not what t hey deserve) t hus prohibit ing t his pract ice and designat ing a fixed share for
each,
びリ
͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ∇ルΙ
ｙやナ
あェ∠ モ
⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚヤ͡ャぴ
(To t he male, a port ion equal t o t hat of t wo females..) whet her t hey were young or old, as
Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers st at ed. Sa` id bin Jubayr said about Allah's st at ement ,
びテ
͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よヴ∠ヨ⇒∠わΒ∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat you st and firm for j ust ice t o orphans.) "Just as when she is beaut iful and wealt hy you
would want t o marry her and have her for yourself, so when she is not wealt hy or beaut iful,
marry her and have her for yourself.'' Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
r(And what ever good you do, Allah is Ever All-Aware of it .) encourages performing t he good
deeds and fulfilling t he commandment s, and st at es t hat Allah is knowledgeable of all of t his
and He will reward for it in t he best and most perfect manner.
ゅ⇔ッや∠ゲ∇ハま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔コヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヘ∠ ⇒∠カり∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ゅ⇔エ∇ヤタ⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺべヨ∠ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ゥ ∠ ∇ゅレ∠ ィ
⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠
ラ͡まヱ∠ ウｚゼぁャやザ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ルΕやれ ͡ ゲ∠ ツ
͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カウ ⊥ ∇ヤダ
ぁャや∠ヱ
∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨ͡よラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レジ͡ ∇エゎ⊥
∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
る͡ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミゅ∠ワヱ⊥ケグ∠ わ∠ プ∠ モ
͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャやｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲヤ⊥Β͡ヨゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇タゲ∠ ェ
∠
ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ヱヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ シ ∠ リあョ６Κミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ ͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ゅ∠ホゲｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ -
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡シヱ∠
(128. And if a woman fears cruelt y or desert ion on her husband's part , t here is no sin on t hem
bot h if t hey make t erms of peace bet ween t hemselves; and making peace is bet t er. And human
souls are swayed by greed. But if you do good and have Taqwa, verily, Allah is Ever Well-
Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) (129. You will never be able t o do perfect j ust ice bet ween
wives even if it is your ardent desire, so do not incline t oo much t o one of t hem so as t o leave
t he ot her hanging. And if you do j ust ice, and do all t hat is right and have Taqwa, t hen Allah is
Ever Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (130. But if t hey separat e (by divorce), Allah will provide
abundance for everyone of t hem from His bount y. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient for His
creat ures' needs, All-Wise.)
The Ruling Concerning Desertion on the Part of the Husband

Allah st at es, and t hus legislat es accordingly, t hat somet imes, t he man inclines away from his
wife, somet imes t owards her and somet imes he part s wit h her. In t he first case, when t he wife
fears t hat her husband is st eering away from her or desert ing her, she is allowed t o forfeit all
or part of her right s, such as provisions, clot hing, dwelling, and so fort h, and t he husband is
allowed t o accept such concessions from her. Hence, t here is no harm if she offers such
concessions, and if her husband accept s t hem. This is why Allah said,
びゅ⇔エ∇ヤタ
⊥ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠エヤ͡∇ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺべ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゥ
∠ ∇ゅレ∠ ィ
⊥ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(t here is no sin on t hem bot h if t hey make t erms of peace bet ween t hemselves;) He t hen said,
び∀ゲ∇Β∠カウ
⊥ ∇ヤダ
ぁャや∠ヱぴ
(and making peace is bet t er) t han divorce. Allah's st at ement ,
びウ
ｚゼ
ぁャやザ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ルΕやれ
͡ ゲ∠ ツ
͡ ∇ェぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(And human souls are swayed by greed.) means, coming t o peaceful t erms, even when it
involves forfeit ing some right s, is bet t er t han part ing. Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Ibn
` Abbas said, "Sawdah feared t hat t he Messenger of Allah might divorce her and she said, ` O
Messenger of Allah! Do not divorce me; give my day t o ` A'ishah.' And he did, and lat er on Allah
sent down,
ゅ⇔ッや∠ゲ∇ハま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔コヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヘ∠ ⇒∠カり∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやラ ͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びべ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゥ ∠ ∇ゅレ∠ ィ
⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠
(And if a woman fears cruelt y or desert ion on her husband's part , t here is no sin on t hem bot h)
Ibn ` Abbas said, "What ever (legal agreement ) t he spouses mut ually agree t o is allowed.''. At -
Tirmidhi recorded it and said, "Hasan Gharib''. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat ` A'ishah
said t hat when Sawdah bint Zam` ah became old, she forfeit ed her day t o ` A'ishah, and t he
Prophet used t o spend Sawdah's night wit h ` A'ishah. There is a similar narrat ion also collect ed
by Al-Bukhari. Al-Bukhari also recorded t hat ` A'ishah comment ed;
びゅ⇔ッや∠ゲ∇ハま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔コヲ⊥ゼル⊥ ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇ろヘ∠ ⇒∠カり∀ ぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやラ

͡ ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And if a woman fears cruelt y or desert ion on her husband's part ), t hat it refers t o, "A man who
is married t o an old woman, and he does not desire her and want s t o divorce her. So she says,
` I forfeit my right on you.' So t his Ayah was revealed.''
Meaning of "Making Peace is Better

Allah said,
⊥ ∇ヤダ
ぁャや∠ヱぴ
(And making peace is bet t er). ` Ali bin Abi Talhah relat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah
refers t o, "When t he husband gives his wife t he choice bet ween st aying wit h him or leaving
him, as t his is bet t er t han t he husband preferring ot her wives t o her.'' However, t he apparent
wording of t he Ayah refers t o t he set t lement where t he wife forfeit s some of t he right s she has
over her husband, wit h t he husband agreeing t o t his concession, and t hat t his set t lement is
bet t er t han divorce. For inst ance, t he Prophet kept Sawdah bint Zam` ah as his wife aft er she
offered t o forfeit her day for ` A'ishah. By keeping her among his wives, his Ummah may follow
t his kind of set t lement . Since set t lement and peace are bet t er wit h Allah t han part ing, Allah
said,
⊥ ∇ヤダ
ぁャや∠ヱぴ
(and making peace is bet t er). Divorce is not preferred wit h Allah. The meaning of Allah's
st at ement ,
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レジ
͡ ∇エゎ⊥ ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
∠
(But if you do good and have Taqwa, verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do) if
you are pat ient wit h t he wife you dislike and t reat her as ot her wives are t reat ed, t hen Allah
knows what you do and will reward you for it perfect ly. Allah's st at ement ,
∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ジレあャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡トわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇タゲ∠ ェ
∠
(You will never be able t o do perfect j ust ice bet ween wives even if it is your ardent desire,)
means, O people! You will never be able t o be perfect ly j ust bet ween wives in every respect .
Even when one divides t he night s j ust ly bet ween wives, t here will st ill be various degrees
concerning love, desire and sexual int imacy, as Ibn ` Abbas, ` Ubaydah As-Salmani, Muj ahid, Al-
Hasan Al-Basri and Ad-Dahhak bin Muzahim st at ed. Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of t he
Sunan recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Messenger of Allah used t o t reat his wives equally and
proclaim,
ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プヶ͡レ∇ヨヤ⊥ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩⊥マヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プヶ͡ヨ∇ジホ∠ や∠グワ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»

«マ͡ヤ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ マ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠
(O Allah! This is my division in what I own, so do not blame me for what You own and I do not
own) referring t o his heart . This was t he wording t hat Abu Dawud collect ed, and it s chain of
narrat ors is Sahih. Allah's st at ement ,
びモ
͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャやｚモミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤΒ͡ヨゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(so do not incline t oo much t o one of t hem) means, when you like one of your wives more t han
ot hers, do not exaggerat e in t reat ing her t hat way,
びる͡ ボ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ∠ミゅワ∠ ヱ⊥ケグ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(so as t o leave t he ot her hanging. ) referring t o t he ot her wives. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin
Jubayr, Al-Hasan, Ad-Dahhak, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat
Mu` allaqah hanging means, "She is neit her divorced nor married.'' Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi
recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∩ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ や∠ギ∇ェま͡ ヴャ͡まメ

∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ラ
͡ ゅ∠ゎぺ∠ゲ∠ ∇ョやヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ »
«テ͡ホゅ∠シヮ͡ ∇Βボｚセ
͡ ギ⊥ ェ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠
(Whoever has t wo wives and inclines t o one of t hem (t oo much), will come on t he Day of
Resurrect ion wit h one of his sides dragging.) Allah's st at ement ,
や⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ
∠ ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ダゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(And if you do j ust ice, and do all t hat is right and have Taqwa, t hen Allah is Ever Oft -Forgiving,
Most Merciful.) The Ayah st at es: If you do j ust ice and divide equally in what you have power
over, while fearing Allah in all condit ions, t hen Allah will forgive you t he favorit ism t hat you
showed t o some of your wives. Allah t hen said,
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ バ∠ シ
∠ リあョ６Κミ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ
͡ ∇ピΑ⊥ ゅ∠ホゲｚヘ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ ゅ⇔バ͡シヱ∠
(But if t hey separat e (divorce), Allah will provide abundance for everyone of t hem from His
bount y. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Wise. ) This is t he t hird
case bet ween husband and wife, in which divorce occurs. Allah st at es t hat if t he spouses
separat e by divorce, t hen Allah will suffice t hem by giving him a bet t er wife and her a bet t er
husband. The meaning of,
∠ ゅ⇔バシ
͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
(And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Wise.) is: His favor is t remendous,
His bount y is enormous and He is All-Wise in all His act ions, decisions and commandment s.
∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ラ
͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠レ∇Βタ
ｚヱ∠
れ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャラｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや
ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠
Κ
⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやヴ͡プ
リ
∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ ゅ⇒͡よれ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ
∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま -
ゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミリｚョ - や⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι ｘや∠ヱゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゆ⊥ や∠ヲを∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡バプ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ ∠
(131. And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And verily, We
have recommended t o t he People of t he Script ure before you, and t o you t hat you have Taqwa
of Allah. But if you disbelieve, t hen unt o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is
in t he eart h, and Allah is Ever Rich (free of any needs), Wort hy of all praise.) (132. And t o Allah
belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is Ever All-Sufficient as
Disposer of affairs.) (133. If He wills, He can t ake you away, O people, and bring ot hers. And
Allah is Ever All-Pot ent over t hat .) (134. Whoever desires t he rewards of t his life, t hen wit h
Allah is t he reward of t his worldly life and of t he Hereaft er. And Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-
Seer.)
The Necessity of Taqwa of Allah

Allah st at es t hat He is t he Owner of t he heavens and eart h and t hat He is t he Supreme
Aut horit y over t hem. Hence Allah's st at ement ,

∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠レ∇Βタ
ｚヱ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ⇒ｚΑま͡ヱ∠
(And verily, We have recommended t o t he People of t he Script ure before you, and t o you)
meaning, We have recommended t o you what We recommended t o t he People of Script ures;
Taqwa of Allah, by worshipping Him Alone wit hout part ners. Allah t hen said,
ヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや
(But if you disbelieve, t hen unt o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he
eart h). In anot her Ayah, Allah said t hat Musa said t o his people,
ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ
∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プリ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まぴ
び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴｘレ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや
("If you disbelieve, you and all on t he eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich (free of any
need), Owner of all praise.''). Allah said,
び∀ギΒ͡ヨェ
∠ ヴ
ｘレ͡ ビ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ∠レ∇ピわ∠ ∇シやｚヱ ∇やヲｚャ∠ヲ∠ゎ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ム∠ プ∠ ぴ
(So t hey disbelieved and t urned away. But Allah was not in need (of t hem). And Allah is Rich
(free of any need), Wort hy of all praise) meaning, He is far t oo Rich t han t o need His servant s,
and wort hy of all praise in all His decisions and commandment s. The meaning of Allah's
st at ement ,
ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
びΚ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
(And t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is Ever All-
Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.) He has perfect wat ch over every soul, knowing what it
deserves, He is t he Wat cher, and Wit ness of all t hings. Allah's st at ement ,
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ リ
∠ Α͡ゲカ
∠ ゅ⇒͡よれ
͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ
∠ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ
びや⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クヴヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
(If He wills, He can t ake you away, O people, and bring ot hers. And Allah is Ever All-Pot ent
over t hat .) means, He is able t o t ake you away and replace you wit h ot her people if you
disobey Him. In a similar Ayah, Allah said,
Ι
∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へゲ∠ ボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャやぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠
(And if you t urn away, He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be your
likes) Allah's st at ement ,
ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゆ
⊥ やヲ∠ を∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡バプ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやゆ
∠ や∠ヲを∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリｚョぴ
びり͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι
ｘや∠ヱ
(Whoever desires t he rewards of t his life, t hen wit h Allah is t he reward of t his worldly life and
of t he Hereaft er.) means, O t hose whose ult imat e desire is t his life, know t hat Allah owns t he
rewards of t his life and t he Hereaft er. Therefore, if you ask Allah for bot h, He will enrich you,
award you and suffice for you. As Allah said,
∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ミグ͡ ミ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ム∠ ジ ͡ ⇒∠レョｚユ⊥わ∇Βツ ∠ ホ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ぴ

べ∠レよｚケ∠ メ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リ∠ョサ ͡ ゅｚレャやリ∠ ヨ͡ プ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ミク͡ ギｚセ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢
-ペ ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやヴ͡プヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プゅ∠レ͡ゎや∠￢
ヶ͡プヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プゅ∠レゎ͡ や∠￢べ∠レよｚケ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ リｚョユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ͡
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャヱ⊥ぺケ͡ ゅｚレャやゆ ∠ や∠グハ ∠ ゅ∠レホ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ レ∠ ジ ∠ェ ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘや
∠ ミ∠ ゅｚヨョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル
(But of mankind t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in t his world!'' and for such t here
will be no port ion in t he Hereaft er. And of t hem t here are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in
t his world t hat which is good and in t he Hereaft er t hat which is good, and save us from t he
t orment of t he Fire!'' For t hem t here will be allot ed a share for what t hey have earned),
びヮ͡ を͡ ∇ゲェ
∠ ヴ͡プヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇キゴ͡ ル∠ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘやゐ
∠ ∇ゲェ
∠ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョぴ
(Whosoever desires (by his deeds) t he reward of t he Hereaft er, We give him increase in his
reward), and
￢⊥ べ∠ゼル∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ヰΒ͡プヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤイ
ｚハ∠ る∠ ヤ∠イ
͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリｚョぴ
びギ⊥ Α͡ゲルぁリ∠ヨャ͡
(Whoever desires t he quick-passing (t ransit ory enj oyment of t his world), We readily grant him
what We will for whom We like) unt il,
びヂ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ
∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤツ
ｚプ∠ ブ
⊥ ルやぴ
(See how We prefer one above anot her (in t his world)). So Allah said here,
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダよ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ
(And Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Seer.)
テ
͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よリ ∠ Β͡ョやｚヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
リ
͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥
ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ よ͡ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プや⇔ゲΒ∠ボプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ
∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まリ ∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ
ｘや∠ヱ
∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠
∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨ͡よラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バゎ⊥
(135. O you who believe! St and out firmly for j ust ice, as wit nesses t o Allah, even t hough it be
against yourselves, or your parent s, or your kin, be he rich or poor, Allah is a bet t er Prot ect or
t o bot h. So follow not t he lust s, lest you may avoid j ust ice; and if you Talwu or Tu` ridu, it ,
verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.)
Commanding Justice and Conveying the Witness for Allah

Allah commands His believing servant s t o st and up for j ust ice and fairness and not t o deviat e
from it , right or left . They should not fear t he blame of anyone or allow anyone t o prevent
t hem from doing somet hing for t he sake of Allah. They are also required t o help, support and
aid each ot her for Allah's sake. Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャ￢͡ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ
⊥ぴ
(as wit nesses t o Allah) is similar t o His st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ り∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ

ｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And est ablish t he t est imony for Allah). Test imony should be delivered precisely, for t he sake
of Allah, t hus making t he t est imony correct , t ruly j ust , and free of alt erat ions, changes or
delet ions. This is why Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(even t hough it be against yourselves,) meaning, give correct t est imony, and say t he t rut h
when you are asked about it , even if harm will effect you as a consequence. Indeed, Allah shall
make a way out and give relief for t hose who obey Him in every mat t er. Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡よゲ∠ ∇ホΙ
ｘや∠ヱリ
͡ ∇Αギ∠ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ぴ
(or your parent s, or your kin,) means, even if you have t o t est ify against your parent s and kin,
do not compromise for t heir sake. Rat her, give t he correct and j ust wit ness even if t hey are
harmed in t he process, for t he t rut h presides above everyone and is preferred t o everyone.
びゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡よヴ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャゅ∠プや⇔ゲΒ∠ボプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ レ͡ ビ

∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ラ͡まぴ
(be he rich or poor, Allah is a bet t er Prot ect or t o bot h.) means, do not favor someone (in your
t est imony) because he is rich, or feel pit y for him because he is poor, for Allah is t heir
caret aker, a bet t er Prot ect or of t hem t han you, and has bet t er knowledge of what is good for
t hem. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺン∠ヲヰ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚゎ∠ Κ

∠ プ∠ ぴ
(So follow not t he lust s, lest you may avoid j ust ice;) means, let not desire, lust or t he hat red
you have against ot hers, lure you int o inj ust ice in your affairs. Rat her, st and for j ust ice in all
sit uat ions. Allah said;
∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハや ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ
⊥ べ∠レセ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚヤ͡ャゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥
(And let not t he enmit y and hat red of ot hers make you avoid j ust ice. Be j ust : t hat is nearer t o
piet y) when t he Prophet sent ` Abdullah bin Rawahah t o collect t he t ax on t he fruit s and
produce of t he Jews of Khaybar, t hey offered him a bribe so t hat he would go easy on t hem. He
said; "By Allah! I have come t o you from t he dearest of t he creat ion t o me (Muhammad), and
you are more hat ed by me t han an equivelent number of apes and swine. However, my love for
him (t he Prophet ) and hat red for you shall not prevent me from being j ust wit h you.'' On t hat ,
t hey said, "This (j ust ice) is t he basis which t he heavens and eart h were creat ed. '' We will
ment ion t his Hadit h lat er in Surat Al-Ma'idah (chapt er 5) Allah willing. Allah's st at ement
aft erwards,
び∇やヲ⊥ッ͡ゲ∇バゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(and if you Talwu or Tu` ridu) means, "Dist ort your t est imony and change it '', according t o
Muj ahid and several ot hers among t he Salaf. Talwu, includes dist ort ion and int ent ional lying.
For inst ance, Allah said,
びょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠ ジ
͡ ∇ャぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ヲ∇ヤΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And verily, among t hem is a part y who Yalwuna (dist ort ) t he Book wit h t heir t ongues (as t hey
read)). Tu` ridu, includes hiding and wit hholding t he t est imony. Allah said,
びヮ⊥ ら⊥ ∇ヤホ∠ ∀ユ͡をや∠￢ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(Who hides it , surely, his heart is sinful) The Prophet said,
∇ラぺ∠ モ
∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠ヰゼ
∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ヵ͡グャｚや￢͡ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼ
ぁャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ
∠»
«ゅ∠ヰャ∠ほ∠∇ジΑ⊥
(The best wit ness is he who discloses his t est imony before being asked t o do so.) Allah t hen
warned,
∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(Verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) and will reward or punish you
accordingly.
ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

ン͡グャｚや ͡ょ⇒∠わ͡ム∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚル∠ ン͡グャｚやょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ
ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ ∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠
びや⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モｚッ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ カ
͡Ι ｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠
(136. O you who believe! Believe in Allah, and His Messenger, and t he Book (t he Qur'an) which
He has sent down t o His Messenger, and t he Script ure which He sent down t o t hose before; and
whosoever disbelieves in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, and t he Last Day, t hen
indeed he has st rayed far away.)
The Order to Have Faith after Believing

Allah commands His fait hful servant s t o adhere t o all t he element s of fait h, it s branches, pillars
and cornerst ones. This is not st at ed as mere redundancy, but from t he view of complet ing fait h
and t he cont inual maint enence of it . For inst ance, t he believer proclaims in every prayer,
びユ∠ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやヅ

∠ や∠ゲダ
あャやゅ∠ル͡ギ∇ワやぴ
(Guide us t o t he st raight way.) which means, make us aware of t he st raight pat h and increase
us in guidance and st rengt hen us on it . In t his Ayah 4:136 , Allah commands t he believers t o
believe in Him and in His Messenger, j ust as He said elsewhere,
びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ

(O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and believe in His Messenger, ). Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ

∠ メ
∠ ゴｚル∠ ン͡グャｚやょ
(and t he Book which He has sent down t o His Messenger,) refers t o t he Qur'an, while,
びモ
⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ
∠ ゴ∠ルぺ∠ ン͡グャｚやょ
(and t he Script ure which He sent down t o t hose before (him);) refers t o t he previously revealed
divine Books. Allah t hen said,
ュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤ͡シ

⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ わ⊥ ミ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤョ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ モｚッ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ͡ カ͡Ιｘや
(and whosoever disbelieves in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, and t he Last Day,
t hen indeed he has st rayed far away.) meaning, he will have deviat ed from t he correct
guidance and st rayed far away from it s pat h.
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ｚユを⊥ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ

Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コやｚユを⊥
ゅ⇔よや∠グハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラｚほ∠よ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやゲ͡ ゼ
あよ∠ - Κ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠
ラ͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∠ラヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
ヮ͡ ヤｚャり∠ ゴｚバ͡ ャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ り∠ ゴｚバ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぺ∠ リ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
や∠クま͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴｚル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠
Κ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぺ⊥ゴ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ム∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ ∠
ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ
∠ ゑ ∃ Α͡ギェ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠
リ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱリ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョや⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡
びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ヴ͡プ
(137. Verily, t hose who believe, t hen disbelieve, t hen believe (again), and (again) disbelieve,
and go on increasing in disbelief; Allah will not forgive t hem, nor guide t hem on t he (right )
way.) (138. Give t o t he hypocrit es t he t idings t hat t here is for t hem a painful t orment .) (139.
Those who t ake disbelievers for friends inst ead of believers, do t hey seek honor wit h t hem
Verily, t hen t o Allah belongs all honor). (140. And it has already been revealed t o you in t he
Book t hat when you hear t he verses of Allah being denied and mocked at , t hen sit not wit h
t hem, unt il t hey engage in t alk ot her t han t hat ; cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem.
Surely, Allah will collect t he hypocrit es and disbelievers all t oget her in Hell.)
Characteristics of the Hypocrites and Their Destination

Allah st at es t hat whoever embraces t he fait h, revert s from it , embraces it again, revert s from
it and remains on disbelief and increases in it unt il deat h, t hen he will never have a chance t o
gain accept ed repent ance aft er deat h. Nor will Allah forgive him, or deliver him from his plight
t o t he pat h of correct guidance. This is why Allah said,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚぴ
(Allah will not forgive t hem, nor guide t hem on t he (right ) way). Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat
his fat her said t hat Ahmad bin ` Abdah relat ed t hat Hafs bin Jami' said t hat Samak said t hat
` Ikrimah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed;
びや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コやｚユを⊥ ぴ

(and go on increasing in disbelief), "They remain on disbelief unt il t hey die.'' Muj ahid said
similarly. Allah t hen said,
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ
ｚほ∠よ͡ リ
∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやゲ͡ ゼ
あよ∠ ぴ
(Give t o t he hypocrit es t he t idings t hat t here is for t hem a painful t orment .) Hence, t he
hypocrit es have t his charact erist ic, for t hey believe, t hen disbelieve, and t his is why t heir
heart s become sealed. Allah describes t he hypocrit es as t aking t he disbelievers as friends
inst ead of t he believers, meaning t hey are t he disbelievers' support ers in realit y, for t hey give
t hem t heir loyalt y and friendship in secret . They also say t o disbelievers when t hey are alone
wit h t hem, "We are wit h you, we only mock t he believers by pret ending t o follow t heir
religion.'' Allah said, while chast ising t hem for being friends wit h t he disbelievers,
びり∠ ゴｚバ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハラ

∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
(do t hey seek honor, wit h t hem) Allah t hen st at es t hat honor, power and glory is for Him Alone
wit hout part ners, and for t hose whom Allah grant s such qualit ies t o. Allah said,
∠ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚヤ͡プ∠ り∠ ゴｚバ͡ ∇ャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ョぴ
(Whosoever desires honor, t hen t o Allah belong all honor), and,
リ
ｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シゲ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ り⊥ ｚゴバ͡ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ヱ∠ ぴ
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι
∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(But honor belongs t o Allah, and t o His Messenger, and t o t he believers, but t he hypocrit es
know not ). The st at ement t hat honor is Allah's Alone, is meant t o encourage t he servant s t o
adhere t o t heir servit ude t o Allah and t o be among His fait hful servant s who will gain vict ory in
t his life and when t he Wit nesses st and up t o t est ify on t he Day of Resurect ion. Allah's
st at ement ,
ろ
͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ
∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ラぺ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ ∠ ゴｚル∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
ヴｚわェ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギバ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ぺ⊥ゴ∠ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ∠ ム∠ Α⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョや⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ
∠ ゑ
∃ Α͡ギェ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠
(And it has already been revealed t o you in t he Book t hat when you hear t he verses of Allah
being denied and mocked at , t hen sit not wit h t hem, unt il t hey engage in t alk ot her t han t hat ;
cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem.) The Ayah means, if you st ill commit t his
prohibit ion aft er being aware of it s prohibit ion, sit t ing wit h t hem where Allah's Ayat are
rej ect ed, mocked at and denied, and you sanct ion such conduct , t hen you have part icipat ed
wit h t hem in what t hey are doing. So Allah said,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョや⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ぴ

((But if you st ayed wit h t hem) cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem.) concerning t he
burden t hey will earn. What has already been revealed in t he Book -- as t he Ayah says -- is t he
Ayah in Surat Al-An` am 6 , which was revealed in Makkah,
ゅ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ヴ͡プラ

∠ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ガΑ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやろ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱぴ
∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハほ∠プ∠
(And when you see t hose who engage in false conversat ion about Our verses (of t he Qur'an) by
mocking at t hem, st ay away from t hem). Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t his Ayah 4:140
abrogat ed t he Ayah in Surat Al-An` am, referring t o t he part t hat says here,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥∇んあョや⇔ク͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ぴ

((But if you st ayed wit h t hem) cert ainly in t hat case you would be like t hem), and Allah's
st at ement in Al-An` am,
￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ リあョユ͡ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ジェ
͡ ∇リョ͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ボわｚ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ン∠ゲ∇ミク͡ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠
(Those who fear Allah, keep t heir dut y t o Him and avoid evil, are not responsible for t hem (t he
disbelievers) in any case, but (t heir dut y) is t o remind t hem, t hat t hey may have Taqwa).
ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ヴ͡プリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや∠ヱリ
∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやノ⊥ ョ͡ ゅ∠ィヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
∠
(Surely, Allah will collect t he hypocrit es and disbelievers all t oget her in Hell.) means, j ust as
t he hypocrit es part icipat e in t he Kufr of disbelievers, Allah will j oin t hem all t oget her t o reside
in t he Fire for et ernit y, dwelling in t orment , punishment , enchained, rest rained and in drinking
boiling wat er.
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ∠ ョあ ∀ウ∇わ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ダよｚゲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ

∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ルリ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅホ∠
リ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バレ∠ ∇ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇クヲ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プ
びΚ⇔ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡
(141. Those who wait and wat ch about you; if you gain a vict ory from Allah, t hey say: "Were we
not wit h you'' But if t he disbelievers gain a success, t hey say (t o t hem): "Did we not gain
mast ery over you and did we not prot ect you from t he believers'' Allah will j udge bet ween you
(all) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. And never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o
t riumph) over t he believers.)
Hypocrites Wait and Watch what Happens to Muslims

Allah st at es t hat t he hypocrit es wat ch and await t he harm t hat occurs t o t he believers,
await ing t he t ime when t he Muslim circumst ances and religion are dissolved and t he st at e of
Kufr t akes over.
∠ ョあ ∀ウ∇わ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(if you gain a vict ory from Allah) t riumph, aid and boot y,
び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョｚ ∇リム⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ

(t hey say, "Were we not wit h you'') t rying t o come closer t o t he believers wit h t his st at ement .
However,
び∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ルリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ラ
(But if t he disbelievers gain a success,) by gaining vict ory over t he believers somet imes, j ust as
occurred during Uhud, for surely, t he Messengers are t est ed, but t he final vict ory is t heirs.
びリ
∠ ョあ ∇ユム⊥ ∇バレ∠ ∇ヨル∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇クヲ͡ ∇エわ∠ ∇ジル∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ
(t hey say (t o t hem), "Did we not gain mast ery over you and did we not prot ect you from t he
believers'') meaning, did we not help you in secret and t ry our best t o confuse t he believers and
weaken t heir resolve, unt il you gained vict ory over t hem This st at ement of t he hypocrit es is an
at t empt t o st rengt hen relat ions wit h t he disbelievers, because t hey pret end t o be friends wit h
bot h part ies so t hat t hey will be safe from t heir harm, due t o t heir weak fait h and lack of
cert aint y. Allah said,
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャゅ∠プぴ

(Allah will j udge bet ween you (all) on t he Day of Resurrect ion) meaning, by what He knows
about you, O hypocrit es. Therefore, do not be deceived by being shaded under t he prot ect ion
of Islamic Law in t his life, which is such only out of Allah's wisdom. Surely, on t he Day of
Resurrect ion, your pret ending shall not benefit you, because on t hat Day, t he secret s of t he
souls will be disclosed and t he cont ent s of t he heart s will be collect ed. Allah said,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ リ
∠ リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he believers). ` Abdur-
Razzaq recorded t hat Yasi` Al-Kindi said, "A man came t o ` Ali bin Abi Talib and said, ` What
about t his Ayah,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ リ
∠ リ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
(And never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he believers.) ` Ali said,
` Come closer, come closer. Allah will j udge bet ween you on t he Day of Resurrect ion, and He
will not grant vict ory for t he disbelievers over t he believers.' '' Ibn Jurayj recorded t hat ` At a'
Al-Khurasani said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ リ
∠ リ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
(And never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he believers.) "Will
occur on t he Day of Resurrect ion.'' As-Suddi recorded t hat Abu Malik Al-Ashj a` i said t hat it
occurs on t he Day of Resurrect ion. As-Suddi said t hat "way'' means, proof. It is possible t hat t he
meaning of, ` and never will Allah grant t o t he disbelievers a way (t o t riumph) over t he
believers', is in t his life by being unable t o ext erminat e t he believers complet ely, alt hough t hey
somet imes gain vict ory over some Muslims. However, t he Final Triumph will be for t he
believers in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah said,
り͡ ヲ∠Βエ
∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱゅ∠レ∠ヤシ
⊥ ケ⊥ ゲ⊥ ダ
⊥ レ∠レャ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ
びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
(Verily, We will indeed make vict orious Our Messengers and t hose who believe in t he worldly
life) This provides a rebut t al t o t he wishes of t he hypocrit es for t he dest ruct ion of t he
believers, and t heir loyalt y t o t he disbelievers, fearing for t hemselves if t hey are vict orious. In
anot her Ayah, Allah said,
び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ∀チ∠ゲョｚユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プリ
(And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease (of hypocrisy), t hey hurry t o t heir
friendship), unt il,
びリ
∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ルぴ
(Regret ful)
や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ハ
⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
サ
∠ ゅｚレャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホり͡ ヲ∠ヤダｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ
Ι
∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クリ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∠リΒ͡よ∠グ∇よ∠グョぁ - Κ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヴ∠ャま͡ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヴ∠ャま͡
∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ
͡ ゎ∠
(142. Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem. And when
t hey st and up for Salah, t hey st and wit h laziness and t o be seen of men, and t hey do not
remember Allah but lit t le.) (143. (They are) swaying bet ween t his and t hat , belonging neit her
t o t hese nor t o t hose; and he whom Allah sends ast ray, you will not find for him a way.)
The Hypocrites Try to Deceive Allah and Sway Between Believers

and Disbelievers
In t he beginning of Surat Al-Baqarah 2 , we ment ioned Allah's st at ement ,
びやヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ ぴ
(They (t hink t o) deceive Allah and t hose who believe). Here, Allah st at es,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ハ
⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハギ͡ ⇒∠ガΑ⊥ リ
∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t he hypocrit es seek t o deceive Allah, but it is He Who deceives t hem.) There is no
doubt t hat Allah can never be deceived, for He has perfect knowledge of t he secret s and what
t he heart s conceal. However, t he hypocrit es, due t o t heir ignorance, scarce knowledge and
weak minds, t hink t hat since t hey were successful in deceiving people, using Islamic Law as a
cover of safet y for t hemselves, t hey will acquire t he same st at us wit h Allah on t he Day of
Resurrect ion and deceive Him t oo. Allah st at es t hat on t hat Day, t he hypocrit es will swear t o
Him t hat t hey were on t he pat h of right eousness and correct ness t hinking t hat such st at ement
will benefit t hem wit h Allah. For inst ance, Allah said,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡∇エΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ん⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠
(On t he Day when Allah will resurrect t hem all t oget her; t hen t hey will swear t o Him as t hey
swear t o you) Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ハ
⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠カヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(but it is He Who deceives t hem) means, He lures t hem furt her int o inj ust ice and misguidance.
He also prevent s t hem from reaching t he t rut h in t his life and on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah
said,
∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ろ
⊥ ⇒∠ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱラ∠ ヲ⊥ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやメ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
び∇ユミ⊥ ケ͡ ヲぁルリ͡ョ ∇ザら͡ わ∠ ∇ボル∠ ゅル∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ⊥ ルや
(On t he Day when t he hypocrit es men and women will say t o t he believers: "Wait for us! Let
us get somet hing from your light !'' It will be said: "Go back t o your rear! Then seek a light !'')
unt il,
びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャやザ

∠ ∇ゃよ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And worst indeed is t hat dest inat ion). A Hadit h st at es;
ぶ
⊥ やン∠￢や∠ケン∠￢や∠ケ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ぶ
⊥ やノ∠ ヨｚシ
∠ ノ∠ ヨｚシ
∠ リ∠ョ»
«ヮ͡よ
(Whoever want s t o be heard of, Allah will make him heard of, and whoever want s t o be seen,
Allah will show him.) Allah's st at ement ,
びヴ∠ャゅ∠ジミ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホり͡ ヲ∠ヤダ

ｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And when t hey st and up for Salah, t hey st and wit h laziness). This is t he charact erist ic of t he
hypocrit es wit h t he most honored, best and right eous act of worship, t he prayer. When t hey
st and for prayer, t hey st and in laziness because t hey neit her t ruly int end t o perform it nor do
t hey believe in it , have humilit y in it , or underst and it . This is t he descript ion of t heir out ward
at t it ude! As for t heir heart s, Allah said,
びサ
∠ ヱ⊥￢へ∠ゲΑ⊥ ぴ
(t o be seen of men) meaning, t hey do not have sincerit y when worshipping Allah. Rat her, t hey
show off t o people so t hat t hey gain closeness t o t hem. They are oft en absent from t he prayers
t hat t hey can hide away from, such as t he ` Isha' prayer and t he Dawn prayer t hat are prayed in
darkness. In t he Two Sahihs, it is recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
￢͡ ゅ∠ゼバ͡ ∇ャやり⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ボプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダｚャやモ ⊥ ボ∠ ∇をぺ∠»
ゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ほ∠ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β͡プゅ∠ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇イヘ∠ ∇ャやり⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヱ∠
ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ボわ⊥ プ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダ
ｚャゅ͡よゲ∠ ョ⊥ へ ∇ラぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ワ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ヲ∇らェ
∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠
ヶ∠ バ͡ ョ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ͡ト
∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡サゅｚレャゅ͡よヶあヤダ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ
⊥ ケ∠ ゲ∠ ョ⊥ へ
ゅ∠ャュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴャ͡ま ∩∃ょト ∠ェ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ュ∠ゴェ ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ よ͡
«ケゅｚレャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ベ ∠ ゲあェ
∠ ほ⊥プ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダ
ｚャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠
. (The heaviest prayers on t he hypocrit es are t he ` Isha' and Dawn prayers. If t hey know t heir
rewards, t hey will at t end t hem even if t hey have t o crawl. I was about t o order someone t o
pronounce t he Adhan for t he prayer, t hen order someone t o lead t he prayer for t he people,
t hen order some men t o collect fire-wood (fuel); t hen I would burn t he houses around men who
did not at t end t he (compulsory congregat ional) prayer.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,
ゅ⇔ホ∇ゲハ ∠ ギ⊥ イ͡ Α∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ

∠ ぺ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ハ
∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ»
ゅ∠ャ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠りゅ∠ヤダｚャやギ∠ ヰ͡ ゼ ∠ ャ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ジ
∠ェ
∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ∇ゲョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヨシ ∠
ろ
⊥ ∇ホゲｚエ ∠ ャ∠ る͡ ⇒ｚΑケあグぁャや∠ヱ￢͡ ゅ∠ジレあャやリ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ⊥Βら⊥ ∇ャやヶ͡プゅ∠ョ
«ケゅｚレャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
(By Him, in Whose Hand my soul is, if anyone of t hem had known t hat he would get a bone
covered wit h good meat or t wo (small) pieces of meat bet ween t wo ribs, he would have t urned
up for t he prayer, and had it not been t hat t he houses have women and children in t hem, I
would burn t heir homes around t hem.) Allah's st at ement ,
びΚ
ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey do not remember Allah but lit t le) means, during t he prayer t hey do not feel
humbleness or pay at t ent ion t o what t hey are recit ing. Rat her, during t heir prayer, t hey are
inat t ent ive, j est ing and avoid t he good t hat t hey are meant t o receive from prayer. Imam Malik
report ed t hat Al-` Ala' bin ` Abdur-Rahman said t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
マ
∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやり⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやり⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ∠ マ ∠ ∇ヤゎ͡ »
や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ∠ ∩∠ザ∇ヨゼｚャやょ ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ゲΑ∠ ザ
⊥ ヤ͡∇イΑ∠ ∩͡ペプ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやり⊥ ゅ∠ヤタ∠
ゅ∠ャ ∩ゅ⇔バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゲ∠ ボ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼｚャやヶ ͡ ル∠ ∇ゲホ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミ
«ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プぶ
∠ やゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠
(This is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e, t his is t he prayer of t he hypocrit e, t his is t he prayer of t he
hypocrit e. He sit s wat ching t he sun unt il when it goes down bet ween t he t wo horns of t he
devil, he st ands up pecks out four Rak` ahs (for ` Asr) wit hout remembering Allah during t hem
except lit t le.) Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded it . At -Tirmidhi said "Hasan
Sahih''. Allah's st at ement ,
び￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワヴ∠ャま͡ Ι

∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∠リΒ͡よ∠グ∇よ∠グョぁぴ
((They are) swaying bet ween t his and t hat , belonging neit her t o t hese) means t hat t he
hypocrit es are swaying bet ween fait h and disbelief. So t hey are neit her wit h believers inwardly
or out wardly nor wit h disbelievers inwardly or out wardly. Rat her, t hey are wit h t he believers
out wardly and wit h t he disbelievers inwardly. Some of t hem would suffer fit s of doubt , leaning
t owards t hese somet imes and t owards t hose somet imes,
∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ユ∠ ヤ∠∇ニぺ∠ へ∠ク͡ま∠ヱヮ͡ Βプ͡ ∇や∇ヲゼ
∠ ョｚユ⊥ヰャ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ッぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホ
(Whenever it flashes for t hem, t hey walk t herein, and when darkness covers t hem, t hey st and
st ill). Muj ahid said;

∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∠リΒ͡よ∠グ∇よ∠グョぁぴ
((They are) swaying bet ween t his and t hat , belonging neit her t o t hese) "The Companions of
Muhammad ,

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor t o t hose): t he Jews.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Prophet said,
∩͡リ∇Βヨ∠ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ も͡ ゅ∠バ∇ャやり͡ ゅｚゼャやモ
͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ペ
͡ プ͡ ゅ∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ
⊥ ん∠ ョ∠ »
ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⇔りゲｚョ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ∩⇔りゲｚョ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ヴャ͡まゲ⊥ Β͡バゎ∠
«ノ∠ら∇わゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ∠ Αｚぺ∠
(The example of t he hypocrit e is t he example of t he sheep wandering bet ween t wo herds,
somet imes she goes t o one of t hem, and somet imes t he ot her, confused over whom she should
follow.) Muslim also recorded it . This is why Allah said aft erwards,
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ
∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ
͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and he whom Allah sends ast ray, you will not find for him a way.) meaning, whomever He
leads ast ray from t he guidance,
びや⇔ギセ
͡ ∇ゲョぁゅ６Βャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ
͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ぴ
(For him you will find no Wali (guiding friend) t o lead him (t o t he right pat h)) because,
びヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヵ
∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ワ Κ
∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
͡ ヤ͡∇ツΑ⊥ リ∠ョぴ
(Whomsoever Allah sends ast ray, none can guide him). So t he hypocrit es whom Allah has led
ast ray from t he pat hs of safet y will never find a guide t o direct t hem, nor someone t o save
t hem. There is none who can resist Allah's decision, and He is not asked about what He does,
while t hey all will be asked.
￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グガ͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺラ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやラ͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョ
モ͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ ｘやポ ͡ ∇ケギｚャやヴ͡プリ ∠ Β͡ボヘ͡ ⇒∠レヨ⊥ ∇ャやラ
ｚま͡ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥
∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚま͡ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ ͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョ͡
ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ダヤ∠∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ ∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠
リ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやれ
͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ フ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠
∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ セ
∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚョ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ や⇔ゲ͡ム⇒∠セヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠
(144. O you who believe! Do not t ake disbelievers as friends inst ead of believers. Do you wish
t o offer Allah a manifest Sult an against yourselves) (145. Verily, t he hyprocrit es will be in t he
lowest dept h (grade) of t he Fire; no helper will you find for t hem.) (146. Except t hose who
repent , do right eous good deeds, depend on Allah, and purify t heir religion for Allah, t hen t hey
will be wit h t he believers. And Allah will grant t he believers a great reward.) (147. Why should
Allah punish you if you have t hanked (Him) and have believed in Him. And Allah is Ever All-
Appreciat ive (of good), All-Knowing.)
The Prohibition of Wilayah with the Disbelievers

Allah forbids His believing servant s from t aking t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he
believers. This includes being friends and associat es of t he disbelievers, advising t hem, being
int imat e wit h t hem and exposing t he secret s of t he believers t o t hem. In anot her Ayah, Allah
said,

ｚぴ
￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ ヶ͡プヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
びヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ケあグエ
∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι
∠ ま͡
(Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever
does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from
t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself). meaning, He warns you against His punishment if
you fall int o what He has prohibit ed. This is why Allah said here,
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ラ∠ぺラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲゎ⊥ ぺ∠ぴ
(Do you wish t o offer Allah a manifest Sult an against yourselves) meaning, proof against you
t hat warrant s receiving His t orment . Ibn Abi Hat im narrat ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed;
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ
⊥ぴ
(manifest Sult an), "The word Sult an in t he Qur'an means proof. '' There is an aut hent ic chain of
narrat ion for t his st at ement , which is also t he saying of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr,
Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and An-Nadr bin ` Arabi.
The Hypocrites and the Friends of Disbelievers are in the Lowest
Depth of the Fire, Unless they Repent
Allah t hen st at es t hat ,
びケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ
∠ ョ͡ モ
͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ
ｘやポ
͡ ∇ケギｚャやヴ͡プリ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t he hypocrit es will be in t he lowest dept hs of t he Fire;) on t he Day of Resurrect ion due
t o t heir t remendous Kufr. Al-Walibi ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said,
∠ ョ͡ モ
͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ
ｘやポ
͡ ∇ケギｚャやヴ͡プぴ
(in t he lowest dept hs (grade) of t he Fire;) means, in t he bot t om of t he Fire. Ot her scholars said
t hat t he Fire has ever lower dept hs j ust as Paradise had ever higher grades. Ibn Jarir recorded
t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat ,
∠ ョ͡ モ
͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ
ｘやポ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t he hypocrit es will be in t he lowest dept hs (grade) of t he Fire), "Inside coffins of Fire
t hat surround t hem, for t hey are closed and sealed in t hem.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat when
Ibn Mas` ud was asked about t he hypocrit es, he said, "They will be placed in coffins made of
fire and t hey will be closed in t hem in t he lowest dept h of t he Fire.''
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ イ
͡ ゎ∠ リ∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
(no helper will you find for t hem. ) t o save t hem from t heir misery and painful t orment . Allah
t hen st at es t hat whoever among t he hypocrit es repent s in t his life, Allah will accept his
repent ance and sorrow, if his repent ance were sincere and he t hen follows it by performing
right eous deeds, all t he while depending on his Lord. Allah said, a
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ
∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥エヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤｚャ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヲ⊥ダヤ∠∇カぺ∠ヱ∠
(Except t hose who repent (from hypocrisy), do right eous good deeds, depend on Allah, and
purify t heir religion for Allah) replacing showing off wit h sincerit y, so t hat t heir good deeds will
benefit t hem, even if t hey were minut e.
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ
(t hen t hey will be wit h t he believers.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion,
∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやれ
͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ フ
∠ ∇ヲシ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah will grant t o t he believers a great reward.) Allah t hen st at es t hat He is t oo Rich t o
need anyone and t hat He only punishes t he servant s because of t heir sins,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ゲム∠ セ

∠ ラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ゅｚョぴ
(Why should Allah punish you if you have t hanked (Him) and have believed in Him.) by
correct ing your act ions and having fait h in Allah and His Messenger ,
∠ や⇔ゲ͡ム⇒∠セヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ
(And Allah is Ever All-Appreciat ive (of good), All-Knowing.) Allah appreciat es t hose who
appreciat e Him, and has knowledge of t hose whose heart s believe in Him, and He will give
t hem perfect rewar.
リ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ メ
∠ ョ͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よゲ∠ ∇ヰイ
∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι
ｚぴ
∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨシ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤ͡ニ
⊥
や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ
∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シリ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ロヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥
びや⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠
(148. Allah does not like t hat t he evil should be ut t ered in public except by him who has been
wronged. And Allah is Ever All-Hearer, All-Knower.) (149. Whet her you disclose a good deed or
conceal it , or pardon an evil, verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.)
The Permission to Utter Evil in Public, For One Who Was Wronged
Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,
びメ
∠ ョ͡ ￢͡ ヲぁジャゅ͡よゲ∠ ∇ヰイ
∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
ｚぴ
(Allah does not like t hat t he evil should be ut t ered in public) "Allah does not like t hat any one
should invoke Him against anyone else, unless one was wronged. In t his case, Allah allows one
t o invoke Him against whoever wronged him. Hence Allah's st at ement ,
びユ∠ ヤ∠ニ
∠ リ∠ョ Ι
ｚま∠ぴ
(except by him who has been wronged.) Yet , it is bet t er for one if he observes pat ience.'' Al-
Hasan Al-Basri comment ed, "One should not invoke Allah (for curses) against whoever wronged
him. Rat her, he should supplicat e, ` O Allah! Help me against him and t ake my right from him.'''
In anot her narrat ion, Al-Hasan said, "Allah has allowed one t o invoke Him against whoever
wronged him wit hout t ransgressing t he limit s.'' ` Abdul-Karim bin Malik Al-Jazari said about t his
Ayah; "When a man curses you, you could curse him in ret aliat ion. But if he lies about you, you
may not lie about him.
リあョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ゅ∠ョマ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ
⊥ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ダ
∠ わ∠ ルやリ
͡ ヨ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びモ∃ Β͡らシ ∠
(And indeed whosoever t akes revenge aft er he has suffered wrong, for such t here is no way (of
blame) against t hem. )'' Abu Dawud recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
ギ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ む͡キゅ∠ら∇ャやヴ∠ヤ∠バ∠プ ∩ゅ∠ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ョラ

͡ ゅｚらわ∠ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャや»
«ュヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌヨ∠ ∇ャや
(What ever words are ut t ered by t hose who curse each ot her, t hen he who st art ed it will carry
t he burden t hereof, unless t he one who was wronged t ransgresses t he limit .) Allah said,
ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ￢∃ ヲ⊥シリ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ロヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ
びや⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ
∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ∠ ヤｚャや
(Whet her you disclose a good deed, or conceal it , or pardon an evil; verily, Allah is Ever
Pardoning, All-Powerful.) Meaning when you, mankind, admit t o a good favor done t o you, or
conceal it , and forgive t hose who wrong you, t hen t his will bring you closer t o Allah and
increase your reward wit h Him. Among Allah's at t ribut es is t hat He forgives and pardons His
servant s, alt hough He is able t o punish t hem. Hence Allah's st at ement ,
びや⇔ゲΑ͡ギホ∠ や⇔ヲ∂ ヘ⊥ ハ
∠ ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(Verily, Allah is Ever Pardoning, All-Powerful.) It was report ed t hat some of t he angels who
carry Allah's Throne praise Him saying, "All praise is due t o You for Your forbearing even t hough
You have perfect knowledge (in all evil commit t ed).'' Some of t hem supplicat e, "All praise is
due t o You for Your forgiving even t hough You have perfect abilit y (t o punish).'' An aut hent ic
Hadit h st at es,
や⇔ギ∇らハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ やキ∠ や∠コゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃るホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀メゅ∠ョゾ ∠ ボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョ»
«ぶやヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ぶ
͡ ノ∠ ッ ∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩や６ゴハ͡ ゅャｚま͡ ヲ∃ ∇ヘバ∠ よ͡
(No charit y shall ever decrease wealt h, and Allah will only increase t he honor of a servant who
pardons, and he who is humble for Allah's sake, t hen Allah will elevat e his grade.)
ラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ

ヂ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ヱヮ͡ ヤ͡シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあヘ∠ Α⊥
マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠Α ラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠
ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ - Κ ⇔ Β͡らシ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヰョぁゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡
フ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあヘ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥
(150. Verily, t hose who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers and wish t o make dist inct ion
bet ween Allah and His Messengers saying, "We believe in some but rej ect ot hers,'' and wish t o
adopt a way in bet ween.) (151. They are in t rut h disbelievers. And We have prepared for t he
disbelievers a humiliat ing t orment .) (152. And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers
and make no dist inct ion bet ween any of t hem (Messengers), We shall give t hem t heir rewards;
and Allah is Ever Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
Believing in Some Prophets and Rejecting Others is Pure Kufr

Allah t hreat ens t hose who disbelieve in Him and in His Messengers, such as t he Jews and
Christ ians, who different iat e bet ween Allah and His Messengers regarding fait h. They believe in
some Prophet s and rej ect ot hers, following t heir desires, lust s and t he pract ices of t heir
forefat hers. They do not follow any proof for such dist inct ion, because t here is no such proof.
Rat her, t hey follow t heir lust s and prej udices. The Jews, may Allah curse t hem, believe in t he
Prophet s, except ` Isa and Muhammad, peace be upon t hem. The Christ ians believe in t he
Prophet s but rej ect t heir Final and Seal, and t he most honored among t he prophet s,
Muhammad, peace be upon him. In addit ion, t he Samirah (Samarit ans) do not believe in any
Prophet aft er Yuwsha` (Joshua), t he successor of Musa bin ` Imran. The Maj us (Zoroast rians)
are said t o believe only in a Prophet called Zoroast er, alt hough t hey do not believe in t he law
he brought t hem cast ing it behind t hem, and Allah knows best . Therefore, whoever rej ect s only
one of Allah's Prophet s, he will have disbelieved in all of t hem, because it is required from
mankind t o believe in every prophet whom Allah sent t o t he people of t he eart h. And whoever
rej ect s one Prophet , out of envy, bias and personal whim, he only demonst rat es t hat his fait h
in ot her Prophet s is not valid, but an act of following desire and whim. This is why Allah said,
びヮ͡ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t hose who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers...) Thus, Allah describes t hese people
as disbelievers in Allah and His Messengers;
びヮ͡ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあヘ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and wish t o make dist inct ion bet ween Allah and His Messengers) in fait h,
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヂ
∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ∇ムル∠ ヱ∠ ヂ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ リ
⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ヱぴ
∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グガ
͡ わｚ Α∠ ラ∠ぺ
(saying, "We believe in some but rej ect ot hers,'' and wish t o adopt a way in bet ween.) Allah
t hen describes t hem;
びゅ⇔ボ∂ ェ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(They are in t rut h disbelievers.) meaning, t heir disbelief in t he Prophet t hey claim t o believe in
is clear. This is because t heir claimed fait h in a cert ain Messenger is not t rue, for had t hey
t ruly believed in him, t hey would have believed in ot her Messengers, especially if t he ot her
Messenger has a st ronger proof for his t rut hfulness. Or at least , t hey would have st rived hard t o
acquire knowledge of t he t rut h of t he ot her Messenger. Allah said,
∠ リ
(And We have prepared for t he disbelievers a humiliat ing t orment .) This is j ust punishment for
belit t ling t he Prophet s whom t hey disbelieved in, by ignoring what t he Prophet brought t o
t hem from Allah, and because t hey are int erest ed in t he insignificant possessions of t his world.
Or, t heir behavior could be t he result of t heir disbelief in t he Prophet aft er t hey were aware of
his t rut h, j ust as t he Jewish rabbis did during t he t ime of Muhammad, t he Messenger of Allah .
The Jews envied t he Messenger because of t he great prophet hood t hat Allah gave him, and as a
consequence, t hey denied t he Messenger, defied him, became his enemies and fought against
him. Allah sent humiliat ion upon t hem in t his life, t hat shall be followed by disgrace in t he
Hereaft er,
ょ
∃ ツ
∠ ピ∠ よ͡ やヱ⊥￢べ∠よヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ム∠ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱる⊥ ャｚグあャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
∠ ョあ
(And t hey were covered wit h humiliat ion and misery, and t hey drew on t hemselves t he wrat h
of Allah.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Allah's st at ement ,
ギ∃ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ホゲあヘ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ
(And t hose who believe in Allah and His Messengers and make no dist inct ion bet ween any of
t hem,) This refers t o t he Ummah of Muhammad who believe in every Book t hat Allah has
revealed and in every Prophet whom Allah has sent . Allah said,
ヮ͡ よあケｚリ͡ョヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ヨ͡よメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやリ ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よリ
∠ ョ∠ や∠￢モ
ｘミ⊥ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(The Messenger believes in what has been revealed t o him from his Lord, and (so do) t he
believers. All of t hem believe in Allah.) (2:285). Allah t hen st at es t hat He has prepared great
rewards for t hem, t remendous favor and a handsome bount y,
び∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ フ

∠ ∇ヲシ
∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(We shall give t hem t heir rewards;) because of t heir fait h in Allah and His Messengers,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ェケｚや⇔ケヲ⊥ヘビ
(and Allah is Ever Forgiving, Most Merciful.) for t heir sin, if t hey have any.
リ
∠ ョあゅ⇔ら⇒∠わミ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ メ ∠ ゴあレ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クリ͡ョゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ͡￢べ∠ヨジｚャや
ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤヌ
⊥ よ͡ る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠
ゅ∠ル∇ヲヘ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ろ
⊥ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョモ ∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚや
ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱマ ∠ ャ͡クリ∠ハ
ゆ
∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨよ͡ ケ∠ ヲぁトャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ろ ͡ ∇らジｚャやヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇バ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ や⇔ギｚイシ ⊥
びゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ ∠ ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠んΒあョ
(153. The People of t he Script ure (Jews) ask you t o cause a book t o descend upon t hem from
heaven. Indeed, t hey asked Musa for even great er t han t hat , when t hey said: "Show us Allah in
public,'' but t hey were st ruck wit h a bolt of light ning for t heir wickedness. Then t hey
worshipped t he calf even aft er Al-Bayyinat had come t o t hem. (Even) so We forgave t hem. And
We gave Musa a clear proof of aut horit y.) (154. And for t heir covenant , We raised over t hem
t he mount and (on t he ot her occasion) We said: "Ent er t he gat e prost rat ing (or bowing) wit h
humilit y;'' and We commanded t hem: "Transgress not on t he Sabbat h (Sat urday).'' And We t ook
from t hem a firm covenant .)
The Stubbornness of the Jews

Muhammad bin Ka` b Al-Qurazi, As-Suddi and Qat adah said t hat t he Jews asked t he Messenger
of Allah t o cause a book t o come down t o t hem from heaven, j ust as t he Tawrah was sent down
t o Musa. Ibn Jurayj said t hat t he Jews asked t he Messenger t o cause books t o come down t o
t hem addressed t o so-and-so among t hem, t est ifying t o t he t rut h of what he was sent wit h. The
Jews only asked for t his because of t heir st ubbornness, defiance, rej ect ion and disbelief. The
disbelievers of Quraysh also asked for similar t hings from t he Prophet , as is ment ioned in Surat
Al-Isra',
チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∠ャゲ∠ イ
⊥ ∇ヘゎ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ マ
∠ ャ∠ リ
∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁリ∠ャ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
びゅハ
⇔ ヲ⊥ら∇レΑ∠
(And t hey say: "We shall not believe in you, unt il you cause a spring t o gush fort h from t he
eart h for us;) (17:90) Allah said,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゅ∠ルケ͡ ぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ マ

∠ ャ͡クリ͡ョゲ∠ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤヌ
⊥ よ͡ る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ
∠ ほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ
∠
(Indeed, t hey asked Musa for even great er t han t hat , when t hey said, "Show us Allah in public,''
but t hey were st ruck wit h a bolt of light ning for t heir wickedness.) inj ust ice, t ransgression,
defiance and rebellion. This part was explained in Surat Al-Baqarah,
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやン∠ゲル∠ ヴｚわェ

∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ リ ∠ ョ͡ ∇ぽルぁリ∠ャヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ｚユを⊥ - ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ⊥ レ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ る⊥ ボ∠ バ͡ ⇒ｚダャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ゎグ∠ カ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲ∠ ∇ヰィ
∠
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リあョユ⊥ム⇒∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠
(And (remember) when you said: "O Musa! We shall never believe in you unt il we see Allah
plainly.'' But you were st ruck by a bolt of light ning while you were looking. Then We raised you
up aft er your deat h, so t hat you might be grat eful.) (2:55,56) Allah's st at ement ,
びろ
⊥ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョモ
∠ ∇イバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚやｚユを⊥ ぴ
(Then t hey worshipped t he calf even aft er Al-Bayyinat had come t o t hem.) meaning, aft er t hey
wit nessed t he t remendous miracles and unequivocal proofs at t he hand of Musa in Egypt . They
also wit nessed t he demise of t heir enemy, Fir` awn and his soldiers, when t hey all drowned in
t he sea. Yet soon aft er, when t hey passed by a people who were worshipping idols, t hey said t o
Musa,
びる∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィやぴ

(Make for us a god as t hey have gods.) Allah explains t he st ory of t he Jews worshipping t he calf
in Surat Al-A` raf (7) and Surah Ta Ha (20) aft er Musa went t o meet wit h his Lord. When Musa
ret urned, Allah decreed t hat in order for t he Jews t o earn accept ed repent ance, t hen t hose
who did not worship t he calf would have t o kill t hose who worshipped it . They complied wit h
t his command, and Allah resurrect ed t hem aft erwards. Allah said here,
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁゅ⇔レ⇒∠ト∇ヤシ
⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱマ
∠ ャ͡クリ∠ハゅ∠ル∇ヲヘ∠ バ∠ プ∠ ぴ
((Even) so We forgave t hem. And We gave Musa a clear proof of aut horit y. ) Allah t hen said,
び∇ユヰ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ヨよ͡ ケ∠ ヲぁトャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バプ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And for t heir covenant , We raised over t hem t he mount ,) This was when t hey refrained from
implement ing t he rulings of t he Tawrah and refused what Musa brought t hem from Allah. So
Allah raised t he mount ain above t heir heads and t hey were ordered t o prost rat e, which t hey
did. Even so, t hey were looking above when t hey were prost rat ing for fear t hat t he mount ain
might fall on t hem,
∀ノ͡ホや∠ヱヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ∇やヲぁレニ

∠ ヱ∠ ∀るヤｚニ
⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ モ
∠ ら∠ イ
∠ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇ボわ∠ ル∠ ク͡まヱ∠ ぴ
びり∃ ヲｚボ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ミゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥グカ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡
(And (remember) when We raised t he mount ain over t hem as if it had been a canopy, and t hey
t hought t hat it was going t o fall on t hem. (We said): "Hold firmly t o what We have given you.'')
Allah t hen said,
びや⇔ギｚイシ
⊥ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇キやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and We said, "Ent er t he gat e prost rat ing (or bowing) wit h humilit y;'') meaning t hat t hey also
defied t his command in word and act ion. They were commanded t o ent er Bayt Al-Quds (in
Jerusalem) while bowing and saying "Hit t ah'', meaning: ` O Allah! t ake from us our sin of
abandoning Jihad.' This was t he cause of t heir wandering in t he desert of Tih for fort y years.
Yet , t hey ent ered t he House while crawling on t heir rear ends and saying ` Hint ah (a wheat
grain) in Sha` rah (t he hair)'.
びろ
͡ ∇らジ
ｚャやヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギ∇バ∠ゎ Ι
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ヤホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and We commanded t hem, "Transgress not t he Sabbat h (Sat urday).'') meaning, We commanded
t hem t o honor t he Sabbat h and honor what Allah prohibit ed t hem on t hat day.
びゅ⇔ヌΒ͡ヤビ
∠ ゅ⇔ボ⇒∠んΒあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ル∇グカ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
t (And We t ook from t hem a firm covenant .) meaning, st rong covenant . They rebelled,
t ransgressed and commit t ed what Allah prohibit ed by using deceit and t rickery, as is
ment ioned in Surat Al-A` raf (7),
びゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャやり∠ ゲ∠ ッ

͡ ゅ∠ェ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミヴ͡わャｚやる͡ Α∠ ∇ゲボ∠ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゃ∠ ∇シヱ∠ ぴ
(And ask t hem about t he t own t hat was by t he sea.)
ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやろ
͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ∠ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒｚョ ∇ユヰ͡ ツ
͡ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ
ノ∠ ら∠ デ
∠ ∇モよ∠ ∀ブ∇ヤビ ⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ペｙェ ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルΙ
ｘや
- Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚま͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ ∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
- ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヱ∠
メ∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠
ラｚま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ らあセ ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らヤ∠タ ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ユ∃ ∇ヤハ
͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ∇レあョマｙセ ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケｚモ∠よ - ゅ⇔レΒ͡ボΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱリあヌｚャやネ ∠ ゅ∠らゎあや Ι ｚま͡
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ
∠ ラ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠
(155. Because of t heir breaking t he covenant , and t heir rej ect ing t he Ayat of Allah, and t heir
killing t he Prophet s unj ust ly, and t heir saying: "Our heart s are Ghulf,'' nay, Allah has set a seal
upon t heir heart s because of t heir disbelief, so t hey believe not but a lit t le.) (156. And because
of t heir disbelief and ut t ering against Maryam a grave false charge.) (157. And because of t heir
saying, "We killed Al-Masih ` Isa, son of Maryam, t he Messenger of Allah,'' but t hey killed him
not , nor crucified him, but it appeared as t hat t o t hem, and t hose who differ t herein are full of
doubt s. They have no (cert ain) knowledge, t hey follow not hing but conj ect ure. For surely; t hey
killed him not .) (158. But Allah raised him up unt o Himself. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-
Wise.) (159. And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before
his deat h. And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be a wit ness against t hem.)
The Crimes of the Jews

The sins ment ioned here are among t he many sins t hat t he Jews commit t ed, which caused
t hem t o be cursed and removed far away from right guidance. The Jews broke t he promises
and vows t hat Allah t ook from t hem, and also rej ect ed Allah's Ayat , meaning His signs and
proofs, and t he miracles t hat t hey wit nessed at t he hands of t heir Prophet s. Allah said,
びペ
ｙェ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルｘΙやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t heir killing t he Prophet s unj ust ly,) because t heir many crimes and offenses against t he
Prophet s of Allah, for t hey killed many Prophet s, may Allah's peace be upon t hem Their saying:
び∀ブ∇ヤビ
⊥ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ぴ
("Our heart s are Ghulf,'') meaning, wrapped wit h covering, according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid,
Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Qat adah. This is similar t o t he what t he idolat ors said,
びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ルヲ⊥ハ∇ギゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ る∃ レｚミ͡ ぺ∠ ヴ͡プゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ

(And t hey say: "Our heart s are under coverings (screened) from t hat t o which you invit e us.'')
Allah said,
び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやノ∠ ら∠ デ
∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ
(nay, Allah has set a seal upon t heir heart s because of t heir disbelief,) It is as if t hey had given
an excuse t hat t heir heart s do not underst and what t he Prophet says since t heir heart s are
wrapped wit h coverings, so t hey claim. Allah said t hat t heir heart s are sealed because of t heir
disbelief, as we ment ioned before in t he explanat ion of Surat Al-Baqarah. Allah t hen said,
びΚ
ｚま͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(so t hey believe not but a lit t le.) for t heir heart s became accust omed t o Kufr, t ransgression
and weak fait h.
The Evil Accusation the Jews Uttered Against Maryam and Their
Claim that They Killed ` Isa
Allah said,
∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠わ∇ヰよ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ よ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And because of t heir (Jews) disbelief and ut t ering against Maryam a grave false charge.) ` Ali
bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas st at ed t hat t he Jews accused Maryam of fornicat ion.This is
also t he saying of As-Suddi, Juwaybir, Muhammad bin Ishaq and several ot hers. This meaning is
also apparent in t he Ayah, as t he Jews accused Maryam and her son of grave accusat ions: They
accused her of fornicat ion and claimed t hat ` Isa was an illegit imat e son. Some of t hem even
claimed t hat she was menst ruat ing while fornicat ing. May Allah's cont inued curse be upon t hem
unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. The Jews also said,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやメ
∠ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハウ
∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ
("We killed Al-Masih, ` Isa, son of Maryam, t he Messenger of Allah,'') meaning, we killed t he
person who claimed t o be t he Messenger of Allah. The Jews only ut t ered t hese words in j est
and mockery, j ust as t he polyt heist s said,
び∀ラヲ⊥レ∇イヨ∠ ャ∠ マ
∠ ルｚま͡ ゲ⊥ ∇ミあグャやヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ
∠ ゴあル⊥ ン͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
(O you t o whom t he Dhikr (t he Qur'an) has been sent down! Verily, you are a mad man!) When
Allah sent ` Isa wit h proofs and guidance, t he Jews, may Allah's curses, anger, t orment and
punishment be upon t hem, envied him because of his prophet hood and obvious miracles; curing
t he blind and leprous and bringing t he dead back t o life, by Allah's leave. He also used t o make
t he shape of a bird from clay and blow in it , and it became a bird by Allah's leave and flew.
` Isa performed ot her miracles t hat Allah honored him wit h, yet t he Jews defied and bellied
him and t ried t heir best t o harm him. Allah's Prophet ` Isa could not live in any one cit y for long
and he had t o t ravel oft en wit h his mot her, peace be upon t hem. Even so, t he Jews were not
sat isfied, and t hey went t o t he king of Damascus at t hat t ime, a Greek polyt heist who
worshipped t he st ars. They t old him t hat t here was a man in Bayt Al-Maqdis misguiding and
dividing t he people in Jerusalem and st irring unrest among t he king's subj ect s. The king
became angry and wrot e t o his deput y in Jerusalem t o arrest t he rebel leader, st op him from
causing unrest , crucify him and make him wear a crown of t horns. When t he king's deput y in
Jerusalem received t hese orders, he went wit h some Jews t o t he house t hat ` Isa was residing
in, and he was t hen wit h t welve, t hirt een or sevent een of his companions. That day was a
Friday, in t he evening. They surrounded ` Isa in t he house, and when he felt t hat t hey would
soon ent er t he house or t hat he would sooner or lat er have t o leave it , he said t o his
companions, "Who volunt eers t o be made t o look like me, for which he will be my companion in
Paradise'' A young man volunt eered, but ` Isa t hought t hat he was t oo young. He asked t he
quest ion a second and t hird t ime, each t ime t he young man volunt eering, prompt ing ` Isa t o
say, "Well t hen, you will be t hat man.'' Allah made t he young man look exact ly like ` Isa, while a
hole opened in t he roof of t he house, and ` Isa was made t o sleep and ascended t o heaven
while asleep. Allah said,
びヴ
ｚャ∠ま͡ マ
∠ バ⊥ プ͡ や∠ケヱ∠ マ
∠ Βあプヲ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ヶあルま͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ
(And (remember) when Allah said: "O ` Isa! I will t ake you and raise you t o Myself.'') When ` Isa
ascended, t hose who were in t he house came out . When t hose surrounding t he house saw t he
man who looked like ` Isa, t hey t hought t hat he was ` Isa. So t hey t ook him at night , crucified
him and placed a crown of t horns on his head. The Jews t hen boast ed t hat t hey killed ` Isa and
some Christ ians accept ed t heir false claim, due t o t heir ignorance and lack of reason. As for
t hose who were in t he house wit h ` Isa, t hey wit nessed his ascension t o heaven, while t he rest
t hought t hat t he Jews killed ` Isa by crucifixion. They even said t hat Maryam sat under t he
corpse of t he crucified man and cried, and t hey say t hat t he dead man spoke t o her. All t his
was a t est from Allah for His servant s out of His wisdom. Allah explained t his mat t er in t he
Glorious Qur'an which He sent t o His honorable Messenger, whom He support ed wit h miracles
and clear, unequivocal evidence. Allah is t he Most Trut hful, and He is t he Lord of t he worlds
Who knows t he secret s, what t he heart s conceal, t he hidden mat t ers in heaven and eart h, what
has occurred, what will occur, and what would occur if it was decreed. He said,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ らあセ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(but t hey killed him not , nor crucified him, but it appeared as t hat t o t hem,) referring t o t he
person whom t he Jews t hought was ` Isa. This is why Allah said aft erwards,
ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ∇レあョマ

ｙセ∠ ヴ͡ヘャ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヘヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやリ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びリあヌｚャやネ∠ ゅ∠らゎあや Ιｚま͡ ユ∃ ∇ヤハ
͡ ∇リョ͡
(and t hose who differ t herein are full of doubt s. They have no (cert ain) knowledge, t hey follow
not hing but conj ect ure.) referring t o t he Jews who claimed t o kill ` Isa and t he ignorant
Christ ians who believed t hem. Indeed t hey are all in confusion, misguidance and bewilderment .
びゅ⇔レΒ͡ボΑ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(For surely; t hey killed him not .) meaning t hey are not sure t hat ` Isa was t he one whom t hey
killed. Rat her, t hey are in doubt and confusion over t his mat t er.
びや⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケｚモ∠よぴ
(But Allah raised him up unt o Himself. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful,) meaning, He is t he
Almight y, and He is never weak, nor will t hose who seek refuge in Him ever be subj ect ed t o
disgrace,
∠ぴ
(All-Wise.) in all t hat He decides and ordains for His creat ures. Indeed, Allah's is t he clearest
wisdom, unequivocal proof and t he most glorious aut horit y. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn
` Abbas said, "Just before Allah raised ` Isa t o t he heavens, ` Isa went t o his companions, who
were t welve inside t he house. When he arrived, his hair was dripping wat er and he said, ` There
are t hose among you who will disbelieve in me t welve t imes aft er he had believed in me.' He
t hen asked, ` Who volunt eers t hat his image appear as mine, and be killed in my place. He will
be wit h me (in Paradise)' One of t he youngest ones among t hem volunt eered and ` Isa asked him
t o sit down. ` Isa again asked for a volunt eer, and t he young man kept volunt eering and ` Isa
asking him t o sit down. Then t he young man volunt eered again and ` Isa said, ` You will be t hat
man,' and t he resemblance of ` Isa was cast over t hat man while ` Isa ascended t o heaven from
a hole in t he house. When t he Jews came looking for ` Isa, t hey found t hat young man and
crucified him. Some of ` Isa's followers disbelieved in him t welve t imes aft er t hey had believed
in him. They t hen divided int o t hree groups. One group, Al-Ya` qubiyyah (Jacobit es), said,
` Allah remained wit h us as long as He willed and t hen ascended t o heaven.' Anot her group, An-
Nast uriyyah (Nest orians), said, ` The son of Allah was wit h us as long as he willed and Allah t ook
him t o heaven.' Anot her group, Muslims, said, ` The servant and Messenger of Allah remained
wit h us as long as Allah willed, and Allah t hen t ook him t o Him.' The t wo disbelieving groups
cooperat ed against t he Muslim group and t hey killed t hem. Ever since t hat happened, Islam
was t hen veiled unt il Allah sent Muhammad .'' This st at ement has an aut hent ic chain of
narrat ion leading t o Ibn ` Abbas, and An-Nasa'i narrat ed it t hrough Abu Kurayb who report ed it
from Abu Mu` awiyah. Many among t he Salaf st at ed t hat ` Isa asked if someone would volunt eer
for his appearance t o be cast over him, and t hat he will be killed inst ead of ` Isa, for which he
would be his companion in Paradise.
All Christians Will Believe in ` Isa Before He Dies

Allah said,
∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ
∠ ラ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠
(And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h.
And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be a wit ness against t hem.) Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn
` Abbas comment ed,
びヮ͡ ゎ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ モ
∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ
ｚま͡ ょ
(And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h.)
before t he deat h of ` Isa, son of Maryam, peace be upon him. Al-` Awfi report ed similar from
Ibn ` Abbas. Abu Malik comment ed;
∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ
ｚま͡ぴ
(but must believe in him, before his deat h.) "This occurs aft er ` Isa ret urns and before he dies,
as t hen, all of t he People of t he Script ures will believe in him.''
The Hadiths Regarding the Descent of ` Isa Just Before the Day of
Judgement, and his Mission
In t he chapt er about t he Prophet s in his Sahih, under, "The Descent of ` Isa, Son of Maryam,'' Al-
Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
リ
⊥ ∇よやユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡プメ
∠ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ リ
ｚム∠ セ
͡ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ»
モ
∠ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ょΒ͡ヤダｚャやゲ∠ ジ ͡ ∇ムΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ャ∇ギハ ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ∠ム∠ェユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠
ゅ∠ャヴｚわェ ∠ メ
⊥ ゅ∠ヨャやヂ ∠ Β͡ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るΑ∠ ∇ゴイ͡ ∇ャやノ∠ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲΑ͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャや
リ
∠ ョ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ り⊥ ギ∠ ∇イｚジャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∀ギェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠
«ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
(By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, t he son of Maryam (` Isa) will short ly descend among you as
a j ust ruler, and will break t he cross, kill t he pig and abolish t he Jizyah. Then t here will be an
abundance of wealt h and nobody will accept charit able gift s any more. At t hat t ime, one
prost rat ion will be bet t er for t hem t han t his life and all t hat is in it .) Abu Hurayrah t hen said,
"Read if you will,
∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ
∠ ラ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠
(And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h.
And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he will be a wit ness against t hem.)'' Muslim recorded t his
Hadit h. So, Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ∇らホ∠ ぴ
(before his deat h) refers t o t he deat h of ` Isa, son of Maryam.
Another Hadith by Abu Hurayrah

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∩͡りゲ∠ ∇ヨバ⊥ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ ア

あエ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ￢͡ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱゲｚャやア
あヘ∠ よ͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハリｚヤｚ͡ヰΒ⊥ ∠ャ»
«ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レｚ Β∠ レ͡ ∇んΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠
(` Isa will say Ihlal from t he mount ain highway of Ar-Rawha' for Haj j , ` Umrah or bot h.) Muslim
also recorded it . Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,
ヲ⊥エ∇ヨΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲΑ͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャやモ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハメ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ »
ヴｚわェ
∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやヴ∠ト∇バΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩⊥りゅ∠ヤダｚャやヮ⊥ ャ∠ ノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ょΒ͡ヤダｚャや
ア
ぁエ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠ェ∇ヱゲｚャやメ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ァや∠ゲガ ∠ ∇ャやノ⊥ ツ
∠ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠モら∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャ
«ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ͡ わ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡
(` Isa, son of Maryam, will descend and will kill t he pig, break t he cross, lead t he prayer in
congregat ion and give away wealt h unt il it is no longer accept ed by anyone. He will also
abolish t he Jizyah and go t o Ar-Rawha' from where he will go t o perform Haj j , ` Umrah or
bot h.) Abu Hurayrah t hen recit ed,
∠ ∇らホ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ リ
ｚま͡ ょ
(And t here is none of t he People of t he Script ure, but must believe in him, before his deat h.)
Hanzalah said, "Abu Hurayrah added, ` Will believe in ` Isa before ` Isa dies,' but I do not know if
t his was a part of t he Prophet 's Hadit h or if it was somet hing t hat Abu Hurayrah said on his
own. '' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his Hadit h.
Another Hadith
Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
⊥ ∇よやウ
⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ Β͡プメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ ブ∠ ∇Βミ∠ »
«ユ⊥ム∇レョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ョま͡ヱ∠
(How will you be when Al-Masih, son of Maryam (` Isa) descends among you while your Imam is
from among yourselves) Imam Ahmad and Muslim also recorded t his Hadit h.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Prophet said,
∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ Α͡キヱ∠ ∩ヴｚわセ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヰョｚぺ⊥ ∩∃れゅｚヤバ∠ ャ͡ り∀ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルほ∠∇ャや»

ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ャ͡ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
͡ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バよ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∀ギェ ͡ や∠ヱ
ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∀メ͡コゅ∠ルヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ヶｘら͡ ル∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠
∩͡チゅ∠Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり͡ ゲ∠ ∇ヨエ ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ネ ∀ ヲ⊥よ∇ゲョ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :ロ⊥ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プ
∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲト ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ラｚほ∠ミ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゲダｚヨ∠ ョ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠よ∇ヲを∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
∩∠ゲΑ͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャやモ ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ょΒ͡ヤダｚャやベぁギ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∩∀モヤ∠よ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇らダ ͡ Α⊥
∩͡ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ サ ∠ ゅレｚャやヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠るΑ∠ ∇ゴイ ͡ ∇ャやノ⊥ ツ ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠
∩∠ュゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャやゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤｚミ⊥ モ ∠ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ∇ャやヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ョコ∠ ヶ͡プぶ ⊥ やマ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ヱ∠
ノ⊥ ボ∠ ゎ∠ ユｚを⊥ ∩∠メゅｚィギｚャやウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ル͡ ゅ∠ョコ∠ ヶ͡プぶ ⊥ やマ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ヱ∠
∩͡モよ͡ み͡∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥シほ⊥∇ャやノ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ョ∠ ほ∠∇ャや
ょ
⊥ バ∠ ∇ヤΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ユレ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゆ ⊥ ゅ∠もグあャや∠ヱ ∩͡ゲ∠ボら∠ ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレあャや∠ヱ
リ
∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユワ⊥ ゲぁツ ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ャれ ͡ ゅｚΒエ ∠ ャゅ͡よラ ⊥ ゅ∠Β∇らダ
あャや
«ラヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヴｚプヲ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ｚユを⊥ る⇔ レ∠ シ ∠
(The Prophet s are pat ernal brot hers; t heir mot hers are different , but t heir religion is one. I,
more t han any of mankind, have more right t o ` Isa, son of Maryam, for t here was no Prophet
bet ween him and I. He will descend, and if you see him, know him. He is a well-built man, (t he
color of his skin) bet ween red and whit e. He will descend while wearing t wo long, light yellow
garment s. His head appears t o be dripping wat er, even t hough no moist ure t ouched it . He will
break t he cross, kill t he pig, and banish t he Jizyah and will call t he people t o Islam. During his
t ime, Allah will dest roy all religions except Islam and Allah will dest roy Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al (t he
False Messiah). Safet y will t hen fill t he eart h, so much so t hat t he lions will mingle wit h
camels, t igers wit h cat t le and wolves wit h sheep. Children will play wit h snakes, and t hey will
not harm t hem. ` Isa will remain for fort y years and t hen will die, and Muslims will offer t he
funeral prayer for him.) Abu Dawud also recorded it .
Another Hadith
In his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah relat ed t o t he Messenger of Allah t hat he said,
ヱ∠ ぺ∠ ベ ͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ャゅ͡よュ⊥ ヱぁゲャやメ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャやュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
ケ͡ ゅ∠Βカ ͡ ∇リョ͡ る͡ レ∠ Α͡ギヨ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ズ∇Β∠ィユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ペよ͡ や∠ギよ͡
:ュ⊥ ヱぁゲャやろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∩やヲぁプゅ∠ダゎ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∃グゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠
メ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボル⊥ ゅｚレ͡ョや∇ヲら∠ シ ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ やヲぁヤカ ∠
∩ゅ∠レル͡ や∠ヲ∇カま͡ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヶあヤガ ∠ ル⊥ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ぶや∠ヱゅ∠ャ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや
∠ ぶ ⊥ やゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∀ゑヤ⊥を⊥ (ュ⊥ ゴ͡ ヰ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ) ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠
ウ⊥ わわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶやギ∠ ∇レハ ͡ ￢͡ や∠ギヰ∠ ゼぁャやモ ⊥ツ ∠ ∇プぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ん⊥ ヤ⊥を⊥ モ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠
∩∠るΒｚレ͡ Β͡ト∇レト
⊥ ∇ジホ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エわ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ プ∠ ∩や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ∠ ∇ヘΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャゑ ⊥ ヤ⊥ｚんャや
∇ユヰ⊥ プ∠ ヲ⊥Βシ ⊥ やヲ⊥ボヤｚハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ユ∠ も͡ ゅ∠レピ∠ ∇ャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨジ ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠
∇ギホ∠ ウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやラｚま͡ :ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼｚャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡プゥ ∠ ゅ∠タ ∇クま͡ ∩͡ラヲ⊥わ∇Αゴｚャゅ͡よ
や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∀モデ ͡ ゅ∠よマ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ∩ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ヶ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ヘ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠
メ͡ ゅ∠わボ͡ ∇ヤャ͡ ∠ラヱぁギ͡バΑ⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩∠ァゲ∠ カ ∠ ュ∠ ゅｚゼャややヱ⊥￢ゅ∠ィ
メ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ り⊥ ゅ∠ヤダ
ｚャやろ ͡ ヨ∠Βホ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇クま͡ ∩∠フヲ⊥ヘダぁャやラ ∠ ヱぁヲジ ∠ Α⊥
ゆ∠ や∠ク ∩͡ぶやぁヱギ⊥ ハ ∠ ロ⊥ へ∠ケや∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ョｚほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ
ゆ∠ や∠グ∇ルゅ∠ャヮ⊥ ミ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヲヤ∠プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやヶ͡プウ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ͡ ∇ャやゆ ⊥ ヱ⊥グΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠
ヶ͡プヮ⊥ ョ∠ キ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ゲΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ぶ ⊥ やヮ⊥ ヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩∠マヤ͡∇ヰΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
«ヮ͡わよ∠ ∇ゲェ ∠
(The (Last ) Hour will not st art unt il t he Romans occupy Al-A` maq or Dabiq. An army, comprised
of t he best of t he people of t he eart h t hen, will come from Al-Madinah and challenge t hem.
When t hey camp face t o face, t he Romans will say, ` Let us fight t hose who capt ured some of
us.' The Muslims will say, ` Nay! By Allah, we will never let you get t o our brot hers.' They will
fight t hem. A t hird of t he (Muslim) army will flee in defeat , and t hose are t he ones whom Allah
will never forgive. Anot her t hird will be killed, and t hose are t he best mart yrs before Allah.
The last t hird will be vict orious, and t his t hird will never be st ricken wit h Fit nah, and t hey will
capt ure Const ant inople (Ist anbul). While t hey are dividing war boot y, aft er hanging t heir
swords on olive t rees, Shayt an will shout among t hem, saying, ` Al-Masih (Ad-Daj j al) has
cornered your people'. They will leave t o meet Ad-Daj j al in Ash-Sham. This will be a false
warning, and when t hey reach Ash-Sham, Ad-Daj j al will t hen appear. When t he Muslims are
arranging t heir lines for bat t le and t he prayer is called for, ` Isa, son of Maryam, will descend
and lead t hem in prayer. When t he enemy of Allah (t he False Messiah) sees him, he will
dissolve j ust as salt dissolves in wat er, and if any of him were left , he would cont inue
dissolving unt il he died. Allah will kill him wit h t he hand of ` Isa and will show t he Muslims his
blood on his spear.) Muslim recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat t he Messenger of Allah
said,
:ゲ⊥ イ
∠エ∠ ∇ャやメ
∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヴ∠わェ
∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャやｚリヤ⊥ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボわ⊥ ャ∠»
«ヮ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プメゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ヵｘキ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠Α
(You will fight t he Jews and will kill t hem, unt il t he st one will say, ` O Muslim! There is a Jew
here, so come and kill him.') Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
∩∠キヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ͡ヤ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ ∠ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ

∠ る⊥ ハ ∠ ゅｚジャやュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
∇リョ͡ ヵぁキ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや￢∠ ヴ͡らわ∠ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠
:ゲ⊥ イ ∠ゼｚャや∠ヱゲ⊥ イ ∠エ∠ ∇ャやメ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲイ ∠ゼｚャや∠ヱゲ͡ イ ∠エ ∠ ∇ャや￢͡ や∠ケヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ∇ヤわ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プメ
∠ ゅ∠バわ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡ヘ∇ヤカ∠ ヵｘキ͡ ヲ⊥ヰΑ∠ や∠グワ∠ ぶ͡ や∠ギ∇らハ ∠ ゅ∠Α ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠Α
«キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャやゲ͡ イ ∠セ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ギ∠ ホ∠ ∇ゲピ∠ ∇ャやゅｚャま͡
(The Hour will not st art , unt il aft er t he Muslims fight t he Jews and t he Muslims kill t hem. The
Jew will hide behind a st one or t ree, and t he t ree will say, ` O Muslim! O servant of Allah! This
is a Jew behind me, come and kill him.' Except Al-Gharqad, for it is a t ree of t he Jews.) Muslim
bin Al-Haj j aj recorded in his Sahih t hat An-Nawwas bin Sam` an said, "The Messenger of Allah ,
ment ioned Ad-Daj j al one day and kept belit t ling him (because being blind, yet claiming t o be
Allah) and speaking in grave t erms about him unt il we t hought t hat he was hiding in gardens of
dat e-t rees (in Al-Madinah). When we went by t he Messenger, he sensed t his anxiet y in us and
said,
«∨∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ∇ほセ
∠ ゅ∠ョ»
(What is t he mat t er wit h you) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Earlier, you ment ioned Ad-Daj j al
and while belit t ling him you spoke gravely about him unt il we t hought t hat he was hiding in
gardens of dat e-t rees (of Al-Madinah).' He said,
ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ ∇ラま͡ ∩∇ユム⊥ Β∠ヤハ ∠ ヶ͡レプ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ メ͡ ゅｚィギｚャやゲ⊥ ∇Βビ ∠»
∇ユム⊥ Β͡プろ ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ァゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥キヮ⊥ イ
⊥ Β͡イェ ∠ ゅ∠ルほ∠プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ
.ユ∃ ヤ∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヴヤ∠ハヶ͡わヘ∠ Β͡ヤカ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やヱ ∩͡ヮ͡ジ∇ヘ∠ルア⊥ Β͡イェ ∠ ∀ぼゲ⊥ ∇ョゅ∠プ
ヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ あらセ∠ ぺ⊥ ヶあルほ∠ミ∠ ∀るΒ͡プゅデヮ⊥ レ⊥ Β∠ハ ∩∀テト ∠ ホ∠ ゆｘゅ∠セヮ⊥ ｚルま͡
ぺ∠ゲ∇ボΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩∃リト ∠ ホ∠ リ ͡ ∇よンｚゴバ⊥ ャや͡ギ∇らバ∠ よ͡
る∃ ヤｚカ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀ァ͡ケゅ∠カヮｚルま͡ ∩͡ブ∇ヰム∠ ∇ャやり͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シウ ∠ ゎ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ヨセ ͡ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ゅ⇔レΒ͡ヨΑ∠ ゐ ∠ ゅ∠バプ∠ ∩͡ベや∠ゲバ͡ ャやヱュ͡ ゅｚゼャやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠
«やヲわ⊥ら∇をゅ∠プぶ͡ やキ∠ ゅ∠らハ͡ ゅ∠Α
(I fear ot her t han Ad-Daj j al for you! If he appears while I am st ill among you, I will be his
adversary on your behalf. If he appears while I am not among you, each one will depend on
himself and Allah will be t he Helper of every Muslim aft er me. He is young, wit h very curly hair
and his eye is smashed. I t hought t hat he looked like ` Abdul-` Uzza bin Qat an. Whoever lives
long and meet s Ad-Daj j al, t hen let him recit e t he beginnings of Surat Al-Kahf. He will appear
on a pass bet ween Ash-Sham (Syria) and Al-` Iraq. He will wreak havoc t o t he right and left . O
Servant s of Allah! Hold fast .) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah! How long will he st ay on eart h'
He said,
ュ∀ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃ゲ∇ヰゼ
∠ ミ∠ ュ∀ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∃るレ∠ ジ
∠ ミ∠ ∀ュヲ∠Α ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠»
«ユ⊥ムョ͡ ゅｚΑほ∠ミ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ゅｚΑぺ∠ ゲ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠シヱ∠ ∩∃るバ∠ ヨ⊥ イ
⊥ ミ∠
(Fort y days: One day as long as a year, one day as long as a mont h and one day as long as a
week. The rest of his days will be as long as one of your ordinary days.) We said, ` O Messenger
of Allah! As for t he day t hat is like a year, will t he prayers of one day suffice for it ' He said,
«ロ∠ケ∇ギ∠ホヮ⊥ ャ∠ やヱ⊥ケギ⊥ ∇ホや ∩ゅ∠ャ»

(No. Count for it s due measure.) We said, ` O Messenger of Allah, how will his speed be on
eart h' He said,
ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヴヤ∠ハヶ͡ゎ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ウ ⊥ Αあゲャやヮ⊥ ∇ゎゲ∠ よ∠ ∇ギわ∠ ∇シやゑ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ∠ミ»

ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ラヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠
∠ ゥ ⊥ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ろら͡ ∇レわ⊥ プ∠ チ ∠ ∇ケΕ ∠ や∠ヱ ∩⊥ゲト ͡ ∇ヨわ⊥ プ∠ ∠￢ゅ∠ヨジｚャや
ヮ⊥ ピ∠ ら∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ン⇔ケク⊥ ∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョメ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ⊥ ェ ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠シ
ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ゲタ ͡ や∠ヲカ ∠ ロ⊥ ギｚョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ハヱ⊥ゲッ ⊥
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ∠ フ ⊥ ゲ͡ ダ ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ∠∇ヲホ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΒ∠ プ∠
∇リョ͡ ∀￢∇ヶ∠セ ∇ユ͡ヰΑ͡ギ∇Α∠ほ͡よザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ヤエ͡ ∇ヨョ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠
ヶ͡ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ :ゅ∠ヰャ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ る͡ よ∠ ゲ͡ ガ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よゲぁヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡や∠ヲ∇ョぺ∠
ｚユを⊥ ∩͡モ∇エレｚャやょ ͡ Β͡シゅ∠バΒ∠ミゅ∠ワコ⊥ ヲ⊥レミ⊥ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ら∠ ∇わわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ポコ∠ ヲ⊥レミ⊥
∩͡ブ∇Βジｚャゅ͡よヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔よゅ∠らセ ∠ ゅ⇔ゃヤ͡わ∠ ∇ヨョ⊥ ゅ⇔ヤィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギ∠Α
モ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡チゲ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャやる∠ Β∠ ∇ョケ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ ャ∠∇ゴィ͡ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠
∇クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅヨ∠レ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩⊥マ∠エ∇ツ∠Α∠ヱヮ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ モ ⊥ ヤｚヰ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ヱ∠
メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ヤジ
ｚャやヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よやウ∠Βジ ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ャやぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠
リ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ キ͡ ヶｚホ͡ ∇ゲセ
∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ツ∇Βら∠ ャやり͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ャやギ∠ ∇レハ ͡
や∠クま͡ ∩͡リ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ る͡ エ ∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヘｚミ∠ ゅ⇔バッ ͡ や∠ヱ ∩͡リ∇Βゎ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヰョ∠
∀ラゅ∠ヨィ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ケ∠ ギｚエ ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま∠ヱ∩∠ゲト ∠ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ シ ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ほ∠デ∠ ∇ほデ ∠
∩∠れゅ∠ョゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ∠ ル∠ ウ ∠ Α͡ケギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゲ∃ プ͡ ゅ∠ムャ͡ モぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩͡ぽャ⊥∇ぽヤぁャゅ∠ミ
ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮプ⊥ ゲ∠ デ ∠ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠
∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヶ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ヮヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ギャ⊥ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ヮ⊥ ミ∠ ケ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥
∇リハ ∠ ウ ⊥ジ∠ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ぶ ⊥ やユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヨ∠ ダ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ヤジｚャや
ゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩͡るレｚイ
∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ィケ∠ ギ∠ よ ∇ユヰ⊥ を⊥ あギエ ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥
:ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヴ∠ャま͡ モｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥
∩∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡ゅ∠わボ͡ よ͡ ギ∃ ェ
∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヶ͡ャや⇔キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ィゲ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヶあルま͡
ァ∠ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ヱ ∩͡ケヲぁトャやヴ∠ャま͡ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇コゲあエ ∠ プ∠
ゲぁヨ⊥ Β∠ プ∠ ∩∠ラヲ⊥ヤジ ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ゆ ∃ ギ∠ ェ∠ あモミ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∠ァヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱ
∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゅ∠ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇ゼΒ∠ プ∠ る∠ Αｚゲ͡ ら∠ デ
∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βエ ∠ よ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ｚヱぺ∠
∩∀￢ゅョ∠ り⇔ ゲｚョ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ヰ͡よラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ へゲぁヨ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮよ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハぶ ͡ やヶぁら͡ ル∠ ゲ⊥ ダ∠ ∇エΑ⊥ ヱ
ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ͡ ェ
∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡キる͡ も∠ ゅ͡ョ ∇リョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カ ∇ユワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ほ∠ャ͡ ͡ケヲｚんャやサ ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠
∩⊥ヮよ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハぶ ͡ やヶぁら͡ ル∠ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ュ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ホケ͡ ヶ͡プブ ∠ ピ∠ レｚャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ゲ⊥Βプ∠
ぶ͡ やヶぁら͡ ル∠ テ⊥ ら͡ ∇ヰΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∃りギ∠ ェ ͡ や∠ヱザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ミ∠ ヴ∠シ∇ゲプ∠
ヶ͡プラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハ
∩∇ユヰ⊥ レ⊥ ∇わル∠ ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ⊥ ワ∠ コ∠ ロ⊥ ほ∠ヤ∠ョ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ゲ∃ ∇らセ ͡ ノ∠ ッ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや
∩͡ぶやヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ ゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハぶ ͡ やヶぁら͡ ル∠ ょ ⊥ ビ ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ プ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ͡ ∇エわ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ろ∇ガら⊥ ∇ャやベ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ハほ∠ミ∠ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ∩⊥ぶやモ ⊥シ͡ ∇ゲΒ⊥ プ∠
ゅ∠ャや⇔ゲ∠ト∠ョぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ぶや￢∠ ゅ∠セゑ ∠ ∇Βェ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ェ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇トわ∠ プ∠
チ
∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやモ ⊥ジ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃ゲよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃ケギ∠ ョ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぁリム⊥ Α∠
ヶ͡ィゲ͡ ∇カぺ∠ :チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ヤャ͡ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡るヘ∠ ャ∠ゴｚャゅ∠ミゅ∠ヰミ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇わΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
リ
∠ ョ͡ る⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠ダバ͡ ∇ャやモ ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ グ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ プ∠ ∩͡マ∠わ∠ミ∠ゲ∠よヵあキケ⊥ ヱ∠ ポ ͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ を∠
ヶ͡プぶ ⊥ やポ ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠らΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヘ͡ ∇エボ͡ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヲぁヤヌ ͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡るル∠ ゅｚョゲぁャや
∩∠ュゅ∠ゃヘ͡ ャやヶ͡ヘ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ モ ͡ よ͡ み͡∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ る∠ エ ∠ ∇ボヤあャやラｚま͡ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ͡ ∇シゲあャや
リ
∠ ョ͡ グ∠ ガ ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡ヘ∇ムわ∠ ャ∠ ユ͡ ヘ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ボヤぁャや∠ヱサ ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョ͡ )
∩⇔るら∠ Βあデ
∠ ゅ⇔エΑ͡ケぶ ⊥ やゑ ∠ バ∠ よ∠ ∇クま͡ マ ∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅヨ∠レ∇Βら∠ プ∠ ∩(サ ͡ ゅｚレャや
リ
∃ ョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ケヂ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ デ ͡ ゅ∠よへろ∠ ∇エゎ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ グ⊥ カ ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ プ∠
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィケ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ Α∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやケ⊥ や∠ゲセ ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇ら∠Α∠ヱ ∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ あモミ⊥ ヱ∠
«る∠ハゅｚジャやュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠バ∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲヨ⊥ エ ⊥ ∇ャやァ
∠ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ヰゎ∠
(Like t he st orm when driven by t he wind. He will come t o a people and will call t hem (t o his
worship), and t hey will believe in him and accept his call. He will order t he sky and it will rain,
t he land and it will grow (veget at ion). Their cat t le will ret urn t o t hem wit h t heir hair t he
longest , t heir udders t he fullest (wit h milk) and t heir st omachs t he fat t est . He will come t o a
different people and will call t hem (t o his worship), and t hey will rej ect his call. He will t hen
leave t hem. They will wake up in t he morning dest it ut e, missing all of t heir possessions. He will
pass by a desert ed land and will say t o it , ` Bring out your t reasures', and it s t reasures will
follow him j ust like swarms of bees. He will summon a man full of yout h and will st rike him
wit h t he sword once and will cut him int o t wo pieces (and will separat e bet ween t hem like) t he
dist ance (bet ween t he hunt er and) t he game. He will call t he dead man and he will come, and
his face will radiant wit h pleasure and laught er. Aft erwards (while all t his is happening wit h
Ad-Daj j al), Allah will send Al-Masih (` Isa), son of Maryam down. He will descend close t o t he
whit e minaret t o t he east of Damascus. He will be wearing garment s light ly colored wit h
saffron and his hands will be placed on t he wings of t wo angels. Whenever he lowers his head
droplet s fall. Whenever he raises his head, precious st ones t hat look like pearls fall. No
disbeliever can survive ` Isa's breat h, which reaches t he dist ance of his sight . He will pursue Ad-
Daj j al and will follow him t o t he doors of (t he Palest inian cit y of) Ludd where he will kill him.
A group of people who, by Allah's help, resist ed and survived Ad-Daj j al, will pass by ` Isa and he
will anoint t heir faces and inform t hem about t heir grades in Paradise. Short ly aft erwards,
while t his is happening wit h ` Isa, Allah will reveal t o him, ` I raised a people of My creat ion
t hat no one can fight . Therefore, gat her My servant s t o At -Tur (t he mount ain of Musa in Sinai).'
Then, Allah will raise Gog and Magog and t hey will swift ly swarm from every mound. Their
front forces will reach Lake Tabariah (Sea of Galilee) and will drink all it s wat er. The last of
t heir forces will say as t hey pass by t he lake, ` This lake once had wat er!'
Meanwhile, ` Isa, Allah's Prophet , will be cornered along wit h his companions unt il t he head of
a bull will be more precious t o t hem t han a hundred Dinars t o you t oday. ` Isa, Allah's Prophet ,
and his companions will invoke Allah for help and Allah will send An-Naghaf (a worm) int o t he
necks of Gog and Magog! The morning will come, and t hey will all be dead as if it was t he
deat h of one soul. Aft erwards, ` Isa, t he Prophet of Allah, will come down wit h his companions
t o t he low grounds (from Mount At -Tur). They will find t hat no space of a hand-span on t he
eart h was free of t heir fat and rot (rot t en corpses). ` Isa, t he Prophet of Allah, and his
companions will seek Allah in supplicat ion. Allah will send birds as large as t he necks of camels.
They will carry t hem (t he corpses of Gog and Magog) and will t hrow t hem wherever Allah wills.
Aft erwards, Allah will send rain t hat no house made of mud or animal hair will be saved from,
and it will cleanse t he eart h unt il it is as clean as a mirror. The eart h will be commanded (by
Allah), ` Produce your fruit s and regain your blessing.' Then, t he group will eat from a
pomegranat e and will t ake shelt er under t he shade of it s skin. Milk will be blessed, so much so
t hat t he milk-producing camel will yield large amount s t hat suffice for a large group of people.
Meanwhile, Allah will send a pure wind t hat will overcome Muslims from under t heir arms and
will t ake t he soul of every believer and Muslim. Only t he evildoers among people will remain.
They will indulge in shameless public sex like t hat of donkeys. On t hem, t he Hour will begin.)
Imam Ahmad and t he collect ors of t he Sunan also recorded t his Hadit h. We will ment ion t his
Hadit h again using t he chain of narrat ion collect ed by Ahmad explaining Allah's st at ement in
Surat Al-Anbiya' (chapt er 21),
びァ
⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほ∠ョ∠ヱァ
⊥ ヲ⊥ィ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ろエ
∠ わ͡ プ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヴｚわェ
∠ぴ
(Unt il, when Ya` j uj and Ma` j uj (Gog and Magog people) are let loose (from t heir barrier).) In
our t ime, in t he year seven hundred and fort y-one, a whit e minaret was built in t he Umayyad
Masj id (in Damascus) made of st one, in place of t he minaret t hat was dest royed by a fire which
t he Christ ians were suspect ed t o have st art ed. May Allah's cont inued curses descend on t he
Christ ians unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. There is a st rong feeling t hat t his minaret is t he one
t hat ` Isa will descend on, according t o t his Hadit h.
Another Hadith
Muslim recorded in his Sahih t hat Ya` qub bin ` Asim bin ` Urwah bin Mas` ud At h-Thaqafi said, "I
heard ` Abdullah bin ` Amr saying t o a man who asked him, ` What is t his Hadit h t hat you are
narrat ing You claim t hat t he Hour will st art on such and such dat e.' He said, ` Subhan Allah
(glory be t o Allah),' or he said, ` There is no deit y wort hy of worship except Allah.' I almost
decided t o never narrat e anyt hing t o anyone. I only said, "Soon, you will wit ness t remendous
incident s, t he House (t he Ka` bah) will be dest royed by fire, and such and such t hings will
occur.'' He t hen said, ` The Messenger of Allah said,
ゅ∠ャ ∩∠リΒ͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ゑ ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΒ∠ プ∠ ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ヶ͡プメ ⊥ ゅｚィギｚャやァ ⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ »
リ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇キぺ∠
ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヴャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゑ ⊥ バ∠ ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ハ
ゑ⊥ ム⊥ ∇ヨΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ヮム⊥ ヤ͡∇ヰΒ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ら⊥ ヤ⊥∇トΒ∠ プ∠ ∩∃キヲ⊥バ∇ジョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇より⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゲハ
⊥
ｚユを⊥ ∩∀りヱ∠ や∠ギハ ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇をやリ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レシ ͡ ノ∠ ∇らシ ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャや
ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ュゅｚゼャやモ ͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ∇リョ͡ り⇔ キ∠ ケ͡ ゅ∠よゅ⇔エΑケぶ ⊥ やモ ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥
∇リョ͡ り∃ ケｚク∠ メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボ∇んョ͡ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヶ͡プギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやヮ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠
∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ∠ ぺ∠ ラｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇わツ ∠ ら∠ ホ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ラ ∃ ゅ∠ヨΑ͡ま ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ∇Βカ ∠
«ヮ∠ツら͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ∇わヤ∠カ
∠ ギ∠ ャ∠ モ ∃ ら∠ ィ
∠ ギ͡ ら͡ ミ∠ ヶ͡プモ ∠カ ∠ キ∠
:
ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βトｚャやる͡ ヘｚカ͡ ヶ͡プサ ͡ ゅｚレャやケ⊥ や∠ゲセ ͡ ヴ∠ボ∇らΒ∠ プ∠ »

∩やゲ⇔ ム∇レョ⊥ ラヱ⊥ゲム͡ ∇レΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔プヱ⊥ゲ∇バョ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ネゅ∠らジあャや
∨∠ラヲ⊥らΒ͡イわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ラ ⊥ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ⊥ んｚヨ∠ わ∠Βプ∠
∩͡ラゅ∠を∇ヱほ∠∇ャやり͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らバ͡ よ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほΒ∠ プ∠ ∨ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ :ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠
オ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇レΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ゼ
⊥ ∇Βハ
∠ リ ∀ジ ∠ェ ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇コ͡ケケｘや∠キマ ∠ ャ͡クヶ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠
ノ∠ プ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔わΒ͡ャヴ∠ピ∇タぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ケ͡ ヲぁダャやヶ͡プ
チ∠ ∇ヲェ ∠ ヅ ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤΑ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケヮ⊥ バ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ⊥ ヱｚぺ∠ヱ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ∩ゅ⇔わΒ͡ャ
モ⊥シ ͡ ∇ゲΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥サゅｚレャやペ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ ペ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ダΒ∠ プ∠ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∩͡ヮヤ͡よ͡ ま͡
メ
∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ モぁトｚャやヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ や⇔ゲ∠ト∠ョぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΑ⊥ :メ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ぶ⊥ や
ｚユを⊥ ∩͡サゅｚレャやキ⊥ ゅ∠ジ∇ィぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ろ ⊥ ら⊥ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ポ
ぁゅｚゼャやラ ⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇バル⊥ モ
ぁヌあャや
:メ⊥ ゅ∠ボΑ⊥ ｚユを⊥ .ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヌ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∀ュゅ∠Β͡ホ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プオ ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠ Α⊥
«ユ⊥ムよあケ∠ ヴャ͡まやヲぁヨヤ⊥ワ∠ :サ ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠
(Ad-Daj j al will appear in my nat ion and will remain for fort y. (The narrat or doubt s whet her it is
fort y days, mont hs, or years).Then, Allah will send down ` Isa, son of Maryam, looking j ust like
` Urwah bin Mas` ud and he will seek Ad-Daj j al and will kill him. People will remain for seven
years wit h no enmit y bet ween any t wo. Allah will send a cool wind from As-Sham t hat will
leave no man on t he face of t he eart h who has even t he weight of an at om of good or fait h, but
will capt ure (his soul). Even if one of you t akes refuge in t he middle of a mount ain, it will find
him and capt ure (his soul). Aft erwards, only t he most evil people will remain. They will be as
light as birds, wit h t he comprehension of beast s. They will not know or enj oin right eousness or
forbid or know evil. Shayt an will appear t o t hem and will say t o t hem, ` Would you follow me.'
They will say, ` What do you command us' He will command t hem t o worship t he idols.
Meanwhile, t heir provision will come t o t hem in abundance and t heir life will be good. Then
t he Trumpet will be blown and every person who hears it , will lower one side of his head and
raise t he ot her side (t rying t o hear t hat dist ant sound). The first man who will hear t he
Trumpet is someone who is preparing t he wat er pool for his camels, and he and t he people will
swoon away. Allah will send down heavy rain and t he bodies of people will grow wit h it . The
Trumpet will be blown in again and t he people will be resurrect ed and looking all about ,
st aring. It will be said t o t hem, ` O people! Come t o your Lord,'
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ゃ∇ジョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘホ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(But st op t hem, verily, t hey are t o be quest ioned.)
∨ユミリョ :メゅボΒプ ∩ケゅレャやゑバよやヲィゲカぺ :メゅボΑ ユを»

∩リΒバジゎヱるバジゎヱるもゅヨバジゎブャぺモミリョ :メゅボΒプ
«ュヲΑ マャグプ :メゅホ
(It will t hen be said, ` Bring fort h t he share of t he Fire.' It will be asked, ` How many' It will be
said, ` From every one t housand, nine hundred and ninet y-nine.' That Day is when,)
びゅ⇔らΒ͡セラ
∠ ギ∠ ∇ャヲ͡ ∇ャやモ
⊥ バ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ぴ
(t he children will t urn grey-headed,) and,
びベ
∃ ゅ∠シリ∠ハブ
⊥ ゼ
∠ ∇ムΑ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
(The Day when t he Shin shall be laid bare).)''
The Description of ` Isa, upon him be Peace

As ment ioned earlier, ` Abdur-Rahman bin Adam narrat ed t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he
Prophet said,
ヴ∠ャま͡ ∀ネヲ⊥よ∇ゲ∠ョ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケ :ロ⊥ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ハゅ∠プロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ »

ラ
ｚほ∠ミ∠ ∩͡ラや∠ゲダ
ｚヨ∠ ョ⊥ ラ͡ ゅよ∠ ∇ヲを∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∩͡チゅ∠Βら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり∃ ゲ∠ ∇ヨエ⊥ ∇ャや
«モ∠ヤよ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇らダ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ト
⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ヮ⊥ シ
∠ ∇ぺケ∠
(If you see ` Isa, know him. He is a well-built man, (t he color of his skin) bet ween red and
whit e. He will descend while wearing light yellow garment s. His head looks like it is dripping
wat er, even t hough no moist ure t ouched it .) In t he Hadit h t hat An-Nawwas bin Sam` an
narrat ed,
リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ペ ∠ ∇ゼョ∠ キ͡ ヶｚホ͡ ∇ゲセ∠ ͡￢ゅ∠ツ∇Β∠ら∇ャやり͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャやギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ メ ⊥ ゴ͡ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ »
や∠クま͡ ∩͡リ∇Βム∠ ヤ∠ョ∠ る͡ エ
∠ レ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヘｚミ∠ ゅ⇔バッ͡ や∠ヱリ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ∇ヰョ∠
モ
⊥ ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ケ∠ ギｚエ∠ ゎ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠プ∠ケや∠ク͡ま∠ヱ ∩∠ゲト ∠ ホ∠ ヮ⊥ シ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ほ∠デ ∠ ∇ほデ ∠
ゅｚャま͡ ヮ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ∠ ル∠ ウ
∠ Α͡ケギ⊥ イ ͡ Α∠ ゲ∃ プ͡ ゅ∠ムャ͡ モ
ぁエ ͡ Α∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽヤぁャやラ ͡ ゅ∠ヨィ ⊥
«ヮ⊥プゲ∠ デ
∠ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ヶ͡ヰわ∠ ∇レΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ⊥ ヘ∠ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠れゅ∠ョ
(He will descend close t o t he whit e minaret t o t he east of Damascus. He will be wearing t wo
garment s light ly colored wit h saffron, having his hands on t he wings of t wo angels. Whenever
he lowers his head, drops will fall off of it . Whenever he raises his head, precious j ewels like
pearls will fall off of it . No disbeliever can survive ` Isa's breat h, and his breat h reaches t he
dist ance of his sight .) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he
«ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョろ
⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ ヶ͡よヵ
∠ ゲ͡ ∇シぺ⊥ る∠ ヤ∠∇Βャ∠»
(I met Musa on t he night of my Ascension t o heaven.) The Prophet t hen described him saying,
as I t hink,
メ
͡ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ サ
͡ ∇ぺゲｚャやモ
⊥ィ
͡ ケ∠ ∩∀ゆゲ͡ ト
∠ ∇ツョ⊥ »
«り∠￢ヲ⊥レセ
∠
(He was a t all person wit h hair as if he was one of t he men from t he t ribe of Shanu'ah. ) The
Prophet furt her said,
«ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハろ
⊥ Β͡ボャ∠ヱ»
:
«サゅ∠ヨΑ͡キ ∇リョ͡ ァ
∠ ゲ∠ カ
∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ る∀ バ∠ ∇よケ∠ »
«ヮ͡よロ͡ ギ͡ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇セぺ∠ ゅル∠ぺヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワや∠ゲ∇よまろ

⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヱ∠ »
(` I met ` Isa.' The Prophet described him saying, ` He was of moderat e height and was red-faced
as if he had j ust come out of a bat hroom. I saw Ibrahim whom I resembled more t han any of his
children did.') Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Muj ahid said t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ »

ュ⊥ キ∠ べ∠プヴ∠シヲ⊥ョゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ケ∇ギダｚャやヂ⊥ Α͡ゲハ ∠ ∀ギ∇バ∠ィゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠プ∠
«ヅぁゴャやメ ͡ ゅ∠ィケ͡ ∇リョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ミ∠ ∩∀テ∇らシ
∠ ∀ユΒ͡ジ∠ィ
(I saw Musa, ` Isa and Ibrahim. ` Isa was of red complexion and had curly hair and a broad chest .
Musa was of brown complexion and had st raight hair and a t all st at ure, as if he was from t he
people of Az-Zut t .) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Ibrahim said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar
said, "The Prophet once ment ioned t he False Messiah (Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al) t o people, saying,
メ
∠ ゅｚィギｚャやウ
∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやラｚま͡ ゅ∠ャぺ∠ ∩∠ケヲ∠ ∇ハほ∠よ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラｚま»
«る∠Βプ͡ ゅ∠デる∀ ら∠ レ∠ ハ
͡ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βハ
∠ ラ
ｚほ∠ミ∠ ∩ヴ∠レ∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ャやリ
͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャやケ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠
(Allah is not blind in His Eye. Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al is blind in his right eye. His eye is like a
prot ruding grape.)'' Muslim recorded t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∀モィ⊥ ∠ケや∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ュゅ∠レヨ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プる͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャやギ∠ ∇レハ͡ ぶ ⊥ やヶ͡ルや∠ケぺ∠ヱ»

ゆ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ツゎ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠ィゲあャやュ͡ ∇キぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ゅ∠ョリ ͡ジ ∠ ∇ェほ∠ミ∠ ュ⊥ キ∠ へ
ヮ⊥ シ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ゲ⊥ ト⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∩͡ゲ∇バゼｚャやモ ⊥ィ ͡ ケ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βら∠ ム͡ ∇レョ∠ リ∇Βよ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ｚヨャ͡
ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βヤ∠ィ⊥ ケ∠ ∇ヶら∠ ム͡ ∇レョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ゅ⇔バッ ͡ や∠ヱ∩⇔￢ゅ∠ョ
ヲ∠ ワ⊥ :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よフ ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠
や⇔ギ∇バィ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ
⊥ ケ∠ ロ⊥ ￢∠ や∠ケヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よやウ
⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや
ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ͡ ら∠ ∇セほ∠ミ∠ ∩ヴ∠レ∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ャやリ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャやケ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔トト ͡ ホ∠
∩∃モィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヶ∠らム͡ ∇レョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ゅバ⇔ ッ ͡ や∠ヱ ∩∃リト ∠ ホ∠ リ͡ ∇よゅ͡よ
ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや :やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ろ∇Βら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よフ⊥ ヲ⊥トΑ∠
«メゅｚィギｚャや
(In a dream, I was at t he Ka` bah and Allah made me see a light - colored man, a color t hat is as
beaut iful as a light - colored man could be, wit h combed hair t hat reached his shoulders. His
hair was dripping wat er, and he was leaning on t he shoulders of t wo men while circling t he
Ka` bah. I asked, ` Who is t his man' I was t old, ` This is t he Al-Masih, son of Maryam.' Behind
him, I saw a man wit h very curly hair who was blind in his right eye. He looked exact ly as Ibn
Qat an, and he was leaning on t he shoulder of a man while circling t he House. I asked, ` Who is
t his man' I was t old, ` He is Al-Masih Ad-Daj j al.') Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Salim said t hat his
fat her said, "No, By Allah! The Prophet did not say t hat ` Isa was of red complexion but said,
ュ⊥ キ∠ へ ∀モィ⊥ ∠ケや∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡るら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャゅ͡よフ ⊥ ヲ⊥デぺ∠ ∀ユ͡もゅ∠ルゅ∠ル∠ぺゅ∠ヨレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ »
ヮ⊥ シ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ブ⊥ ト⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ∩͡リ∇Βヤ∠ィ ⊥ ケ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ヰわ∠ Α∠ ∩͡ゲ∇バゼｚャやテ ⊥ ∇らシ ∠
:やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボプ∠ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ョヮ⊥ シ⊥ ∇ぺケ∠ ベ ⊥ や∠ゲヰ∠ Α⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢⇔ ゅ∠ョ
ゲ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∀モィ ⊥ ∠ケや∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ろヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇らワ∠ グ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ユΑ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よや
ラｚほ∠ミ∠ ∩ヴ∠レ∇ヨΒ⊥ ∇ャやヮ͡ レ͡ ∇Βハ
∠ ケ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∩͡サ∇やゲｚャやギ⊥ ∇バィ ∠ ∩∀ユΒ͡ジィ ∠
∩⊥メゅｚィギｚャや :ヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∩∀るΒ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠デる∀ ら∠ レ∠ ハ
͡ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βハ
∠
«リ∠トホ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よやゅ⇔ヰら∠ セ
∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠
(While I was asleep circumambulat ing t he Ka` bah (in my dream), I suddenly saw a man of
brown complexion and ample hair walking bet ween t wo men wit h wat er dripping from his
head. I asked, ` Who is t his' The people said, ` He is t he son of Maryam.' Then I looked behind
and I saw a red-complexioned, fat , curly-haired man, blind in t he right eye, which looked like a
bulging out grape. I asked, ` Who is t his' They replied, ` He is Ad-Daj j al.' The person he most
resembled is Ibn Qat an.)'' Az-Zuhri comment ed t hat Ibn Qat an was a man from t he t ribe of
Khuza` ah who died during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. Allah's
st at ement ,
∠ ラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And on t he Day of Resurrect ion, he (` Isa) will be a wit ness against t hem) Qat adah said, "He
will bear wit ness before t hem t hat he has delivered t he Message from Allah and t hat he is but a
servant of His.'' In a similar st at ement in t he end of Surat Al-Ma'idah,
ろ
∠ ヤ⊥ホろ
∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャ
(And (remember) when Allah will say (on t he Day of Resurrect ion): "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did
you say unt o men...'') unt il,
∠ ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ャやぴ
(Almight y, t he All-Wise.)
ろ∃ ⇒∠らΒあデ
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ∠ ョあユ∃ ∇ヤヌ ⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ
- や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ ∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ͡ ギあダ ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥
サ͡ ゅｚレャやメ ∠ ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠よゲあャやユ⊥ ワ͡ グ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠
- ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ヤャ͡ ゅ∠ル∇ギわ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ͡ト ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャゅ͡よ
ラ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ガシ ͡ やｚゲャやリ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャ
マ∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ Β∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥
ラ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ ヲ∠ヤダｚャやリ ∠ Β͡ヨΒ͡ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ
ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽレ⊥ シ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゲ͡ カ͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
び
(160. For t he wrongdoing of t he Jews, We made unlawful for t hem cert ain good foods which
had been lawful for t hem and for t heir hindering many from Allah's way;) (161. And t heir
t aking of Riba t hough t hey were forbidden from t aking it , and t heir devouring men's subst ance
wrongfully. And We have prepared for t he disbelievers among t hem a painful t orment .) (162.
But t hose among t hem who are well-grounded in knowledge, and t he believers, believe in what
has been sent down t o you and what was sent down before you; and t hose who perform t he
Salah, and give Zakah and believe in Allah and in t he Last Day, it is t hey t o whom We shall give
a great reward.)
Some Foods Were Made Unlawful for the Jews Because of their
Injustice and Wrongdoing
Allah st at es t hat because of t he inj ust ice and t ransgression of t he Jews, demonst rat ed by
commit t ing maj or sins, He prohibit ed some of t he lawful, pure t hings which were previously
allowed for t hem. This prohibit ion could be only t hat of decree, meaning t hat Allah allowed
t he Jews t o falsely int erpret t heir Book and change and alt er t he informat ion about what was
allowed for t hem. They t hus, out of exaggerat ion and ext remism in t he religion, prohibit ed
some t hings for t hemselves. It could also mean t hat in t he Tawrah, Allah prohibit ed t hings t hat
were allowed for t hem before. Allah said,
ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ モ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ
６ ⇒͡ェラ ∠ ゅ∠ミュ͡ ゅ∠バト
ｚャやぁモミ⊥ ぴ
びり⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやメ
∠ ゴｚレ∠ ゎ⊥ ラぺ∠ モ
∠ モ ⊥ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡
(All food was lawful t o t he Children of Israel, except what Isra'il made unlawful for himself
before t he Tawrah was revealed.) We ment ioned t his Ayah before, which means t hat all t ypes
of food were allowed for t he Children of Israel before t he Tawrah was revealed, except t he
camel's meat and milk t hat Isra'il prohibit ed for himself. Lat er, Allah prohibit ed many t hings in
t he Tawrah. Allah said in Surat Al-An` am (chapt er 6),
リ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ⊥ ニ
⊥ ン͡クｚモミ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚェ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ
ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ べ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ヲ⊥エセ ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚェ ∠ ユ͡ レ∠ ピ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ͡ ボ∠ ら∠ ∇ャや
ユ∃ ∇ヌバ∠ よ͡ テ∠ ヤ∠わ∠ ∇カやゅ∠ョ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠Αや∠ヲエ
∠ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ べ∠ヨワ⊥ ケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰニ ⊥ ∇ろヤ∠ヨ∠ ェ ∠
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ホギ͡ ⇒∠ダャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ ∇ピら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇Αゴ∠ ィ
∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠
(And unt o t hose who are Jews, We forbade every (animal) wit h undivided hoof, and We forbade
t hem t he fat of t he ox and t he sheep except what adheres t o t heir backs or t heir ent rails, or is
mixed up wit h a bone. Thus We recompensed t hem for t heir rebellion. And verily, We are
Trut hful.) This means, We prohibit ed t hese t hings for t hem because t hey deserved it due t o
t heir t ransgression, inj ust ice, defying t heir Messenger and disput ing wit h him. So Allah said;
ろ
∃ ⇒∠らΒあデ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇ョゲｚェ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワリ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョあユ∃ ∇ヤヌ
⊥ ら͡ プ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ リ∠ハ ∇ユワ͡ ギあダ
∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ
͡ ぺ⊥
(For t he wrongdoing of t he Jews, We made unlawful t o t hem cert ain good foods which had
been lawful t o t hem, and for t heir hindering many from Allah's way.) This Ayah st at es t hat t hey
hindered t hemselves and ot hers from following t he t rut h, and t his is t he behavior t hat t hey
brought from t he past t o t he present . This is why t hey were and st ill are t he enemies of t he
Messengers, killing many of t he Prophet s. They also denied Muhammad and ` Isa, peace be upon
t hem. mAllah said,
びヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰル⊥ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠よゲあャやユ⊥ ワ͡ グ͡ ∇カぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t heir t aking of Riba' t hough t hey were forbidden from t aking it ,) Allah prohibit ed t hem
from t aking Riba', yet t hey did so using various kinds of t ricks, ploys and cons, t hus devouring
people's propert y unj ust ly. Allah said,
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ リ
(And We have prepared for t he disbelievers among t hem a painful t orment . ) Allah t hen said,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ガシ
͡ やｚゲャやリ
(But t hose among t hem who are well-grounded in knowledge...) firm in t he religion and full of
beneficial knowledge. We ment ioned t his subj ect when we explained Surah Al ` Imran (3). The
Ayah;
び∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he believers...) refers t o t he well-grounded in knowledge;
びマ
∠ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ マ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ぴ
(believe in what has been sent down t o you and what was sent down before you;) Ibn ` Abbas
said, "This Ayah was revealed concerning ` Abdullah bin Salam, Tha` labah bin Sa` yah, Zayd bin
Sa` yah and Asad bin ` Ubayd who embraced Islam and believed what Allah sent Muhammad
wit h. Allah said,
びり∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚャや ∠ラヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(and give Zakah,) This could be referring t o t he obligat ory charit y due on one's wealt h and
propert y, or t hose who purify t hemselves, or bot h. Allah knows best .
びゲ͡ カ
͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∠ラヲ⊥レ͡ョ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and believe in Allah and in t he Last Day,) They believe t hat t here is no deit y wort hy of worship
except Allah, believe in Resurrect ion aft er deat h and t he reward or punishment for t he good or
evil deeds. Allah's st at ement ,
びマ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(It is t hey,) t hose whom t he Ayah described above,
∠ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽレ⊥ シ
∠ぴ
(To whom We shall give a great reward.) means Paradise.
リ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャや∠ヱゥ ∃ ヲ⊥ルヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べｚル͡まぴ
ペ∠ ⇒∠エ∇シ∇まヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡バ⇒∠ヨ∇シま͡ヱ∠ ユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ
ザ
∠ ル⊥ ヲ⊥Αヱ∠ ゆ ∠ ヲぁΑぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヅ ͡ ゅ∠ら∇シΙ ｘや∠ヱゆ ∠ ヲ⊥ボ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠
- や⇔ケヲ⊥よコ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱリ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Βヤ∠シ
⊥ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲ⇒∠ワヱ∠
∇ユャｚ Κ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ダダ ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠
Κ⇔ シ ⊥ ケぁ - ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ムゎ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ダダ ⊥ ∇ボル∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚゃ∠ ャ͡ リ∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼあら∠ ョぁ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ ∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ モ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁャやギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀るイｚェ ⊥
(163. Verily, We have sent t he revelat ion t o you as We sent t he revelat ion t o Nuh and t he
Prophet s aft er him; We (also) sent t he revelat ion t o Ibrahim, Isma` il, Ishaq, Ya` qub, and Al-
Asbat , (t he offspring of t he t welve sons of Ya` qub) ` Isa, Ayyub, Yunus, Harun, and Sulayman;
and t o Dawud We gave t he Zabur.) (164. And Messengers We have ment ioned t o you before,
and Messengers We have not ment ioned t o you, and t o Musa Allah spoke direct ly.) (165.
Messengers as bearers of good news and warning, in order t hat mankind should have no plea
against Allah aft er t he (coming of) Messengers. And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.)
Revelation Came to Prophet Muhammad , Just as it Came to the

Prophets Before Him
Muhammad bin Ishaq narrat ed t hat Muhammad bin Abi Muhammad said t hat ` Ikrimah, or Sa` id
bin Jubayr, relat ed t o Ibn ` Abbas t hat he said, "Sukayn and ` Adi bin Zayd said, ` O Muhammad!
We do not know t hat Allah sent down anyt hing t o any human aft er Musa.' Allah sent down a
rebut t al of t heir st at ement ,
リ
∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャや∠ヱゥ
∃ ヲ⊥ルヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ マ
びロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ
(Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad) as We inspired Nuh and t he Prophet s aft er him.)''
Allah st at es t hat He sent down revelat ion t o His servant and Messenger Muhammad j ust as He
sent down revelat ion t o previous Prophet s. Allah said,
リ
∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャや∠ヱゥ
∃ ヲ⊥ルヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Βェ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヨミ∠ マ
びロ͡ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ
(Verily, We have inspired you (O Muhammad) as We inspired Nuh and t he Prophet s aft er him,)
unt il,
びや⇔ケヲ⊥よコ∠ キ∠ ヱ⊥ヱや∠キゅ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ

(...and t o Dawud We gave t he Zabur. ) The ` Zabur' (Psalms) is t he name of t he Book revealed
t o Prophet Dawud, peace be upon him.
Twenty-Five Prophets Are Mentioned in the Qur'an

Allah said,
∇ユャｚ Κ
⇔シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ モ
⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ダダ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
びマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ダダ ⊥ ∇ボル∠
(And Messengers We have ment ioned t o you before, and Messengers We have not ment ioned t o
you) Before t he revelat ion of t his Ayah. The following are t he names of t he Prophet s whom
Allah named in t he Qur'an. They are: Adam, Idris, Nuh (Noah), Hud, Salih, Ibrahim (Abraham),
Lut , Isma` il (Ishmael), Ishaq (Isaac), Ya` qub (Jacob), Yusuf (Joesph), Ayyub (Job), Shu` ayb,
Musa (Moses), Harun (Aaron), Yunus (Jonah), Dawud (David), Sulayman (Solomon), Ilyas (Elias),
Al-Yasa` (Elisha), Zakariya (Zachariya), Yahya (John) and ` Isa (Jesus), and t heir leader,
Muhammad . Several scholars of Tafsir also list ed Dhul-Kifl among t he Prophet s. Allah's
st at ement ,
びマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ダダ
⊥ ∇ボル∠ ∇ユャｚ Κ
⇔シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and Messengers We have not ment ioned t o you,) means, ` t here are ot her Prophet s whom We
did not ment ion t o you in t he Qur'an.'
The Virtue of Musa

Allah said,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ムゎ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t o Musa Allah spoke direct ly.) This is an honor t o Musa, and t his is why he is called t he
Kalim, he whom Allah spoke t o direct ly. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah recorded t hat
` Abdul-Jabbar bin ` Abdullah said, "A man came t o Abu Bakr bin ` Ayyash and said, ` I heard a
man recit e (t his Ayah t his way): "and t o Allah, Musa spoke
direct ly.'' Abu Bakr said, ` Only a disbeliever would recit e it like t his.' Al-A` mash recit ed it wit h
Yahya bin Wit hab, who recit ed it wit h Abu ` Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami who recit ed it wit h ` Ali
bin Abi Talib who recit ed wit h t he Messenger of Allah ,
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤ∇ムゎ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t o Musa Allah spoke direct ly.)''' Abu Bakr bin Abi Ayyash was so angry wit h t he man who
recit ed t he Ayah different ly, because he alt ered it s words and meanings. That person was from
t he group of Mu` t azilah who denied t hat Allah spoke t o Musa or t hat He speaks t o any of His
creat ion. We were t old t hat some of t he Mu` t azilah once recit ed t he Ayah t hat way, so one
t eacher present said t o him, "O son of a st inking woman! What would you do concerning Allah's
st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ ぁよケ∠ ヮ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ͡わ⇒∠ボΒ͡ヨ͡ャヴ∠シヲ⊥ョ￢∠ べ∠ィゅｚヨャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And when Musa came at t he t ime and place appoint ed by Us, and his Lord spoke t o him,)
7:143 '' The Shaykh meant t hat t he lat er Ayah cannot be alt ered or changed.
The Reason Behind Sending the Prophets is to Establish the Proof

Allah said,
びリ
∠ Α͡ケグ͡ レ⊥ョヱ∠ リ
∠ Α͡ゲゼ
あら∠ ョぁ Κ
⇔ シ
⊥ ケぁぴ
(Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning,) meaning, t he Prophet s bring good
news t o t hose who obey Allah and pract ice t he good t hings t hat please Him. They also warn
against His punishment and t orment for t hose who defy His commandment s. Allah said next ,
モ
͡シ⊥ ゲぁャやギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀るイ
ｚェ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャラ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ Κ ｚゃ∠ ャ͡ぴ
∠ や⇔ゴΑ͡ゴハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠
(in order t hat mankind should have no plea against Allah aft er t he Messengers. And Allah is
Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.) Allah sent down His Books and sent His Messengers wit h good news
and warnings. He explained what He likes and is pleased wit h and what He dislikes and is
displeased wit h. This way, no one will have an excuse wit h Allah. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
Ι∇ヲャ∠ ゅ∠レよｚケ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョゆ∃ や∠グバ∠ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ムヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ べｚル∠ぺ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
メ
ｚグ͡ ルｚラ∠ぺモ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョマ ∠ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ノ∠ ら͡ わｚレ∠ プ∠ Ι
⇔ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ろ
∠ ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠
びン∠ゴ∇ガル∠ ヱ∠
(And if We had dest royed t hem wit h a t orment before t his, t hey would surely have said: "Our
Lord! If only You had sent us a Messenger, we should cert ainly have followed Your Ayat , before
we were humiliat ed and disgraced.'') and,
び∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡よ ∀るら∠ Β͡ダョぁユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And if (We had) not (sent you t o t he people of Makkah) in case a calamit y should seize t hem
for (t he deeds) t hat t heir hands have sent fort h. ) It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn
Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ュ∠ ゲｚェ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クモ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ぶやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ⊥ Β∠ ∇ビぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャ»

∇ょェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギェ
∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∠リト ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ゲ∠ ヰ∠ ニ ∠ ゅ∠ョズ ∠ ェ ͡ やヲ∠ ヘ∠ ∇ャや
ゥ∠ ギ∠ ョ∠ マ∠ ャ͡クモ ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ ョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ∇ギヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
モ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∩͡ぶやリ ∠ ョ͡ ケ⊥ ∇グバ⊥ ∇ャやヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ょェ ∠ ぺ∠ ギ∠ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮジ ∠ ∇ヘル∠
«リΑ͡ケグ͡ ∇レョ⊥ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲゼあら∠ ョ⊥ リ∠ ΒあΒら͡ レｚャやゑ
∠ バ∠ よ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク
(No one is more j ealous t han Allah. This is why He prohibit ed all t ypes of sin commit t ed in
public or secret . No one likes praise more t han Allah, and t his is why He has praised Himself.
No one likes t o give excuse more t han Allah, and t his is why He sent t he Prophet s as bearers of
good news and as warners.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,
«ヮ∠らわ⊥ ミ⊥ メ
∠ ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠シ
⊥ ケ⊥ モ
∠シ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クモ
͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ »
(And t his is why He sent His Messengers and revealed His Books.)
ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺマ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ ͡ ム͡ ⇒ｚャぴ
リ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ - や⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
Κ∠ ⇒∠ヤッ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠ニ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ - や⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠
びゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ ャ͡
マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プリ
∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ゲデ
∠ Ι ｚま͡ぴ
メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ジΑ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリ͡ョペあエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ ∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャラｚみ͡プ∠
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ムェ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヤハ
∠
(166. But Allah bears wit ness t o t hat which He has sent down unt o you; He has sent it down
wit h His knowledge, and t he angels bear wit ness. And Allah is All-Sufficient as a Wit ness.) (167.
Verily, t hose who disbelieve and prevent (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah; t hey have cert ainly
st rayed far away.) (168. Verily, t hose who disbelieve and did wrong; Allah will not forgive
t hem, nor will He guide t hem t o a way.) (169. Except t he way of Hell, t o dwell t herein forever;
and t his is ever easy for Allah.) (170. O mankind! Verily, t here has come t o you t he Messenger
wit h t he t rut h from your Lord. So believe in him, it is bet t er for you. But if you disbelieve, t hen
cert ainly t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h. And Allah is Ever All-
Knowing, All-Wise.) Allah's st at ement
びマ
(Verily, We have inspired you...) emphasized t he Prophet 's prophet hood and refut ed t he
idolat ors and People of t he Script ure who denied him. Allah said,
びマ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやリ
(But Allah bears wit ness t o t hat which He has sent down unt o you,) meaning, even if t hey deny,
defy and disbelieve in you, O Muhammad, Allah t est ifies t hat you are His Messenger t o whom
He sent down His Book, t he Glorious Qur'an t hat ,
ヮ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヤカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ
͡ ∇Βよ∠ リ͡ョモ ⊥ト͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャやヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ Ι
ｚぴ
びギ∃ Β͡ヨェ
∠ ユ∃ Β͡ムェ
∠ ∇リョあ ∀モΑ͡ゴレ∠ゎ
(Falsehood cannot come t o it from before it or behind it , (it is) sent down by t he All-Wise,
Wort hy of all praise.) Allah t hen said,
びヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ゴ∠ ル∠ぺぴ

(He has sent it down wit h His knowledge,) The knowledge of His t hat He willed His servant s t o
have access t o. Knowledge about t he clear signs of guidance and t rut h, what Allah likes and is
pleased wit h, what He dislikes and is displeased wit h, and knowledge of t he Unseen, such as
t he past and t he fut ure. This also includes knowledge about His honorable at t ribut es t hat no
sent Messenger or illust rious angel can even know wit hout Allah's leave. Similarly, Allah said,
び￢∠ べ∠セゅ∠ヨよ͡ Ι

ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤハ
͡ ∇リョあ￢∃ ∇ヶゼ
∠ よ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey will never compass anyt hing of His knowledge except t hat which He wills.) and,
びゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤハ
͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥トΒ͡エΑ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(but t hey will never compass anyt hing of His knowledge.) Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he angels bear wit ness.) t o t he t rut h of what you came wit h and what was revealed and
sent down t o you, along wit h Allah's t est imony t o t he same,
(And Allah is All-Sufficient as a Wit ness.) Allah said,
∇ギホ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヱぁギタ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
びや⇔ギΒ͡バよ∠ Κ
∠ ⇒∠ヤッ
∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ∠
(Verily, t hose who disbelieve and prevent (ot hers) from t he pat h of Allah, t hey have cert ainly
st rayed far away.) For t hey are disbelievers t hemselves and do not follow t he t rut h. They st rive
hard t o prevent people from following and embracing Allah's pat h. Therefore, t hey have defied
t he t rut h, deviat ed, and st rayed far away from it . Allah also ment ions His j udgment against
t hose who disbelieve in His Ayat , Book and Messenger, t hose who wrong t hemselves by t heir
disbelief and hindering ot hers from His pat h, commit t ing sins and violat ing His prohibit ions.
Allah st at es t hat He will not forgive t hem;
びゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲデ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰΒ∠ ャ͡ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor will He guide t hem t o a way (t hat is, of good).)
びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プリ
∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠ ペ
∠ Α͡ゲデ
∠ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Except t he way of Hell, t o dwell t herein forever...) and t his is t he except ion. Allah t hen said,
∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリ͡ョペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よメ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅレｚャやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠
(O mankind! Verily, t here has come t o you t he Messenger wit h t he t rut h from your Lord, so
believe in him, it is bet t er for you.) This Ayah means, Muhammad has come t o you wit h
guidance, t he religion of t rut h and clear proof from Allah. Therefore, believe in what he has
brought you and follow him, for t his is bet t er for you. Allah t hen said,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(But if you disbelieve, t hen cert ainly t o Allah belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and t he eart h.)
Allah is far t oo rich t han t o need you or your fait h, and no harm could ever affect Him because
of your disbelief. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プリ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ラ͡まヴ∠シヲ⊥ョメ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
び ∀ギΒ͡ヨェ ∠ ヴｘレ͡ ピ∠ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ∠
(And Musa said: "If you disbelieve, you and all on eart h t oget her, t hen verily, Allah is Rich (Free
of all needs), Owner of all praise.'') Allah said here,
(And Allah is Ever All-Knowing,) He knows t hose who deserve t o be guided, and He will guide
t hem. He also knows t hose who deserve deviat ion, and He leads t hem t o it ,
∠ぴ
(All-Wise) in His st at ement s, act ions, legislat ion and all t hat He decrees.
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇ピゎ∠ Ι ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ∠ ∇ワほ∠Αぴ

ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ペｚエ ∠ ∇ャや Ι ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
ヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠
や⇔ゲ∇Βカ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルや ∀る∠ん⇒∠ヤ∠を ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠
ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ギ∀ ェ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡まヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚ
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョ∠ヱれ∠ヲ⇒∠ヨジｚャやヴ͡プゅョヱヮ⊥ ｚャ
びΚ ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠
(171. O People of t he Script ure! Do not exceed t he limit s in your religion, nor say of Allah
except t he t rut h. Al-Masih ` Isa, son of Maryam, was (no more t han) a Messenger of Allah and
His Word, which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit from creat ed by Him; so believe in
Allah and His Messengers. Say not : "Three!'' Cease! (it is) bet t er for you. For Allah is (t he only)
One God, hallowed be He above having a son. To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all
t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is All-Sufficient as a Disposer of affairs.)
Prohibiting the People of the Book From Going to Extremes in

Religion
Allah forbids t he People of t he Script ures from going t o ext remes in religion, which is a
common t rait of t heirs, especially among t he Christ ians. The Christ ians exaggerat ed over ` Isa
unt il t hey elevat ed him above t he grade t hat Allah gave him. They elevat ed him from t he rank
of prophet hood t o being a god, whom t hey worshipped j ust as t hey worshipped Allah. They
exaggerat ed even more in t he case of t hose who t hey claim were his followers, claiming t hat
t hey were inspired, t hus following every word t hey ut t ered whet her t rue or false, be it
guidance or misguidance, t rut h or lies. This is why Allah said,
͡ ヱ⊥キリあョゅ⇔よゅ∠よ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ⇒∠ら∇ェぺ∠ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚやぴ
(They t ook t heir rabbis and t heir monks t o be t heir lords besides Allah.) Imam Ahmad recorded
t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハン ͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠ダレｚャやれ
͡ ゲ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヶ͡ルヱ⊥ゲ∇トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»
«ヮ⊥ャヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ
͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ
∠ :やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ∀ギ∇らハ
∠ ゅ∠ル∠ぺゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ .ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠
(Do not unduly praise me like t he Christ ians exaggerat ed over ` Isa, son of Maryam. Verily, I am
only a servant , so say, ` Allah's servant and His Messenger.') This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari.
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat a man once said, "O Muhammad! You are
our mast er and t he son of our mast er, our most right eous person and t he son of our most
right eous person...'' The Messenger of Allah said,
ユ⊥ ム⊥ レｚ Α∠ ヲ͡ ∇ヰわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∇ユム⊥ ャ͡∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ サ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠ ゅ∠Α»
∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ
∠ ∩͡ぶや͡ギ∇らハ ∠ リ⊥ ∇よギ⊥ ｚヨエ
∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ルぺ∠∩⊥ラゅ∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャや
ヶ͡わャｚやヶ͡わャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ベ ∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥バプ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁょェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョぶ ͡ や∠ヱ
«モ∠ィヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ ⊥ やヶ͡レャ∠ゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠
(O people! Say what you have t o say, but do not allow Shayt an t o t rick you. I am Muhammad
bin ` Abdullah, Allah's servant and Messenger. By Allah! I do not like t hat you elevat e me above
t he rank t hat Allah has grant ed me.) Allah's st at ement ,
びペ
ｚエ∠ ∇ャや Ι
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor say of Allah except t he t rut h.) means, do not lie and claim t hat Allah has a wife or a son,
Allah is far holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. Allah is glorified, praised, and honored in
His might , grandure and great ness, and t here is no deit y wort hy of worship nor Lord but Him.
Allah said;
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやメ
⊥ ヲ⊥シケ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠
(Al-Masih ` Isa, son of Maryam, was (no more t han) a Messenger of Allah and His Word, which He
best owed on Maryam and a spirit from creat ed by Him;) ` Isa is only one of Allah's servant s
and one of His creat ures. Allah said t o him, ` Be', and he was, and He sent him as a Messenger.
` Isa was a word from Allah t hat He best owed on Maryam, meaning He creat ed him wit h t he
word ` Be' t hat He sent wit h Jibril t o Maryam. Jibril blew t he life of ` Isa int o Maryam by Allah's
leave, and ` Isa came t o exist ence as a result . This incident was in place of t he normal
concept ion bet ween man and woman t hat result s in children. This is why ` Isa was a word and a
Ruh (spirit ) creat ed by Allah, as he had no fat her t o conceive him. Rat her, he came t o
exist ence t hrough t he word t hat Allah ut t ered, ` Be,' and he was, t hrough t he life t hat Allah
sent wit h Jibril. Allah said,
リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚま͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ

⊥ ∇よやウ
⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅｚョぴ
びュ∠ ゅ∠バト
ｚャやラ
͡Κ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ ∀る∠ボΑあギ͡タヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ヱ∠ モ⊥シ⊥ ぁゲャやヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠
(Al-Masih ` Isa , son of Maryam, was no more t han a Messenger; many were t he Messengers
t hat passed away before him. His mot her Maryam was a Siddiqah. They bot h at e food.) And
Allah said,
リ͡ョヮ⊥ ボ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ュ∠ キ∠ や∠￢モ
͡ ん∠ ヨ∠ ミ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハヴ∠ジΒ͡ハモ ∠ ん∠ ョ∠ ラｚま͡ぴ
∠ ゅ∠ホｚユを⊥ ゆ ∃ や∠ゲゎ⊥
(Verily, t he likeness of ` Isa before Allah is t he likeness of Adam. He creat ed him from dust ,
t hen (He) said t o him: "Be! and he was.)
ゅ∠レェ
͡ ヱぁケリ͡ョゅ∠ヰΒ͡プゅ∠レ∇ガヘ∠ レ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰィ
∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚや∠ヱぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ヤャある⇔ Α∠ や∠￢べ∠ヰレ∠ ∇よや∠ヱゅ∠ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠
(And she who guarded her chast it y, We breat hed int o her (garment ) and We made her and her
son ` Isa a sign for all t hat exit s.) (21:91)
びゅ∠ヰィ
∠ ∇ゲプ∠ ∇ろレ∠ ダ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ヴ͡わャｚやラ
∠ や∠ゲ∇ヨハ
͡ る∠ レ∠ ∇よやユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And Maryam, t he daught er of ` Imran who guarded her chast it y,) and Allah said concerning t he
Messiah,
(He ` Isa was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him.)
The Meaning of "His Word and a spirit from Him

Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah said t hat t he Ayah,
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(And His Word, which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit from creat ed by Him;) means, He
said,
びｚリミ⊥ ぴ
(Be) and he was. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ahmad bin Sinan Al-Wasit i said t hat he heard
Shadh bin Yahya saying about Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(and His Word, which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit from creat ed by Him;) "` Isa was
not t he word. Rat her, ` Isa came t o exist ence because of t he word.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat
` Ubadah bin As-Samit said t hat t he Prophet said,
∩⊥ヮャ∠ マ∠ Α͡ゲセ
∠ ゅ∠ャロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ェヱ∠ ∩⊥ぶやゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ͡まゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ∠ ヰ͡ セ
∠ ∇リョ∠ »
ぶ͡ や⊥ギ∇らハ∠ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハラｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ
∠ や⇔ギヨｚエ∠ ョ⊥ ラｚぺ∠ヱ∠
∩⊥ヮ∇レョ͡ ∀ゥヱ⊥ケ∠ヱユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ヴャ͡まゅ∠ワゅ∠ボ∇ャぺ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠
る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやぶ
⊥ やヮ⊥ ヤ∠カ
∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∩ｘペェ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚレャや∠ヱ ∩ｘペェ ∠ る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやラｚぺ∠ヱ∠
«モ∠ヨバ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ ∠
(If anyone t est ifies t hat none has t he right t o be worshipped but Allah Alone Who has no
part ners, and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, and t hat ` Isa is Allah's servant and
Messenger and His Word which He best owed on Maryam and a spirit creat ed by Him, and t hat
Paradise is t rue and Hell is t rue, t hen Allah will admit him int o Paradise wit h t he deeds which
he performed.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,
«￢ゅ∠セゅ∠ヰΑあぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ

⊥カ
⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ る͡ Βｚル͡ ゅ∠ヨんｚャやる͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやゆ
͡ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ »
(...t hrough any of t he eight doors of Paradise he wishes.) Muslim also recorded it . Therefore,
` Ruh from Allah', in t he Ayah and t he Hadit h is similar t o Allah's st at ement ,
チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ガ
ｚシ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ∠
(And has subj ect ed t o you all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h; it is all from
Him.) meaning, from His creat ion. ` from Him' does not mean t hat it is a part of Him, as t he
Christ ians claim, may Allah's cont inued curses be upon t hem. Saying t hat somet hing is from
Allah, such as t he spirit of Allah, t he she-camel of Allah or t he House of Allah, is meant t o
honor such it ems. Allah said,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやる⊥ ホ∠ ゅ∠ルロ͡ グ͡ ⇒∠ワぴ

(This is t he she-camel of Allah...) and,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヘも͡ べｚトヤ͡ャヴ
∠ わ͡ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ゲヰあデ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and sanct ify My House for t hose who circumambulat e it .) An aut hent ic Hadit h st at es,
«ロ͡ケや∠キヶ͡プヶあよケ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ

∠ モ
⊥カ
⊥ ∇キほ∠プ∠ »
(I will ent er on my Lord in His Home) All t hese examples are meant t o honor such it ems when
t hey are at t ribut ed t o Allah in t his manner. Allah said,
びヮ͡ ャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ

(so believe in Allah and His Messengers.) believe t hat Allah is One and Alone and t hat He does
not have a son or wife. Know and be cert ain t hat ` Isa is t he servant and Messenger of Allah.
Allah said aft er t hat ,
び∀るん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Say not : "Three!") do not elevat e ` Isa and his mot her t o be gods wit h Allah. Allah is far holier
t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. In Surat Al-Ma'idah (chapt er 5), Allah said,
∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱる∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゑ

⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠をヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ∠ Α͡グャｚやゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ
びギ∀ ェ
͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ιｚま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡
(Surely, disbelievers are t hose who said: "Allah is t he t hird of t he t hree.'' But t here is none who
has t he right t o be worshipped but One God.) Allah said by t he end of t he same Surah,
サ
͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャろ
∠ ヤ⊥ホろ
∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びヴ͡ルヱ⊥グ͡ガゎｚや
you say unt o men: ` Worship me''') and in it s beginning,
リ
⊥ ∇よやウ
⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャべ∠ホリ
∠ Α͡グャｚやゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ
びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠
(Surely, in disbelief are t hey who say t hat Allah is t he Messiah, son of Maryam.) The Christ ians,
may Allah curse t hem, have no limit t o t heir disbelief because of t heir ignorance, so t heir
deviant st at ement s and t heir misguidance grows. Some of t hem believe t hat ` Isa is Allah, some
believe t hat he is one in a t rinit y and some believe t hat he is t he son of Allah. Their beliefs and
creeds are numerous and cont radict each ot her, prompt ing some people t o say t hat if t en
Christ ians meet , t hey would end up wit h eleven sect s!
The Christian Sects

Sa` id bin Bat riq, t he Pat riarch of Alexandria and a famous Christ ian scholar, ment ioned in t he
year four hundred aft er t he Hij rah, t hat a Christ ian Council convened during t he reign of
Const ant ine, who built t he cit y t hat bears his name. In t his Council, t he Christ ians came up
wit h what t hey called t he Great Trust , which in realit y is t he Great Treachery. There were
more t han t wo t housand pat riarchs in t his Council, and t hey were in such disarray t hat t hey
divided int o many sect s, where some sect s had t went y, fift y or a hundred members, et c.!
When t he king saw t hat t here were more t han t hree hundred Pat riarchs who had t he same
idea, he agreed wit h t hem and adopt ed t heir creed. Const ant ine who was a deviant
philosopher -- gave his support t o t his sect for which, as an honor, churches were built and
doct rines were t aught t o young children, who were bapt ized on t his creed, and books were
writ t en about it . Meanwhile, t he king oppressed all ot her sect s. Anot her Council produced t he
sect known as t he Jacobit es, while t he Nest orians were formed in a t hird Council. These t hree
sect s agreed t hat ` Isa was divine, but disput ed regarding t he manner in which ` Isa's divinit y
was relat ed t o his humanit y; were t hey in unit y or did Allah incarnat e in ` Isa! All t hree of t hese
sect s accuse each ot her of heresy and, we believe t hat all t hree of t hem are disbelievers. Allah
said,
び∇ユム⊥ ャｚや⇔ゲ∇Βカ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ ルやぴ
(Cease! (it is) bet t er for you.) meaning, it will be bet t er for you,
びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ
⊥ ギ∀ ェ
͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡まヮ⊥ ヤｚャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
(For Allah is (t he only) One God, hallowed be He above having a son.) and He is holier t han
such claim,
ヴ∠ヘミ∠ ヱ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
びΚ⇔ Β͡ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
(To Him belongs all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h. And Allah is All-Sufficient
as a Disposer of affairs,) for all are creat ures, propert y and servant s under His cont rol and
disposal, and He is t he Disposer of t he affairs. Therefore, how can He have a wife or a son
among t hem,
びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ヴｚルぺ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやノ⊥ Α͡ギよ∠ ぴ
(He is t he originat or of t he heavens and t he eart h. How can He have children.) and
びや⇔キ∂ ま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃィ
͡ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ - や⇔ギ∠ャヱ∠ リ
⊥ ⇒∠ヨ∇ェゲｚャやグ∠ ガ
∠ ゎｚや ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
(And t hey say: "The Most Gracious (Allah) has begot t en a son. Indeed you have brought fort h
(said) a t errible evil t hing.'') Up t o His saying,
びや⇔キ∇ゲプ∠ ぴ
(Alone.)
Ι∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや⇔ギ∇らハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやブ ∠ ム͡ レ∠わ∇ジΑ∠ リｚャぴ
ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ブム͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやる⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや
リ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ
⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ジ ∠ プ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠
∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
∇やヲ⊥ヘム∠ レ∠わ∇シやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Αゴ∠Αヱ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギイ
͡ Α∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ⊥ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリあョ
(172. Al-Masih will never be t oo proud t o be a servant of Allah, nor t he angels who are t he near
(t o Allah). And whosoever rej ect s His worship and is proud, t hen He will gat her t hem all
t oget her unt o Himself.) (173. So, as for t hose who believed and did deeds of right eousness, He
will give t hem t heir (due) rewards and more out of His bount y. But as for t hose who refused His
worship and were proud, He will punish t hem wit h a painful t orment . And t hey will not find for
t hemselves besides Allah any prot ect or or helper.)
The Prophets and Angels Are Never too Proud to Worship Allah
Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat , ` proud', means insolent . Qat adah said t hat ,
る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや⇔ギ∇らハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ラ∠ぺウ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥よゲｚボ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(Al-Masih will never be t oo proud t o be a servant of Allah nor t he angels who are near (t o
Allah).) t hey will never be arrogant , Allah t hen said,
∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ゼ
⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ジ
∠ プ∠ ∇ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ゎ͡ キ∠ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇リハ
∠ ∇ブム͡ ∇レわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ ヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡
(And whosoever rej ect s His worship and is proud, t hen He will gat her t hem all t oget her unt o
Himself.) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Then, Allah will j udge bet ween t hem wit h His j ust
j udgment t hat is never unj ust or wrong.
∇ユヰ͡ Βあプヲ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ろ
͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ
びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リあョ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ Αゴ∠Αヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥
(So, as for t hose who believed and did deeds of right eousness, He will give t heir (due) rewards,
and more out of His bount y.) Allah will award t hem t heir full rewards for t heir right eous
act ions and will give t hem more of His bount y, kindness, ample mercy and favor.
び∇やヱ⊥ゲら∠ ∇ムわ∠ ∇シや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヘム∠ レ∠わ∇シやリ

(But as for t hose who refused His worship and were proud, ) out of arrogance, t hey refused t o
obey and worship Him,
ラ
͡ ヱ⊥キリあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギイ
͡ Α∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨΒ⊥ャぺ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠グハ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ あグバ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡ダル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔Β∂ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(He will punish t hem wit h a painful t orment . And t hey will not find for t hemselves besides
Allah any prot ect or or helper.) In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇ギΒ∠ シ
∠ ヴ͡ゎキ∠ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇リハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ
びリ∠ Α͡ゲカ͡ キ∠ ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ
∠
(Verily! Those who scorn My worship, t hey will surely ent er Hell in humiliat ion,) degradat ion,
disgrace and dishonor, for t hey were arrogant and rebellious.
べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョ ∀ラゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ サ ⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅｚョほ∠プ∠ - ゅ⇔レΒら͡ ョぁや⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
モ∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レｚョる∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ ͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ジ
∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ
∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠
(174. O mankind! Verily, t here has come t o you a convincing proof from your Lord; and We sent
down t o you a manifest light .) (175. So, as for t hose who believed in Allah and held fast t o
depend on Him, He will admit t hem t o His mercy and grace (i.e. Paradise), and guide t hem
t o Himself by a st raight pat h.)
The Description of the Revelation that Came From Allah

Allah informs all people t hat a plain, unequivocal proof has come t o t hem from Him. One t hat
eradicat es all possibilit y of having an excuse, or falling prey t o evil doubt s. Allah said,
びゅ⇔レΒ͡らョぁや⇔ケヲ⊥ル ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ

(and We sent down t o you a manifest light .) t hat direct s t o t he Trut h. Ibn Jurayj and ot hers
said, "It is t he Qur'an.''
びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨダ
∠ わ∠ ∇ハや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
(So, as for t hose who believed in Allah and held fast t o depend on Him,) by worshipping Him
and relying on Him for each and every t hing. Ibn Jurayj said t hat t his part of t he Ayah means,
"They believe in Allah and hold fast t o t he Qur'an.''
びモ
∃ ∇ツプ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レｚョる∃ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥カ
͡ ∇ギΒ⊥ ジ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(He will admit t hem t o His mercy and grace,) meaning, He will grant t hem His mercy and admit
t hem int o Paradise, and will increase and mult iply t heir rewards and t heir ranks, as a favor and
bount y from Him.
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁゅ⇔デ∠ゲタ

͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and guide t hem t o Himself by a st raight pat h.) and a clear way t hat has no wickedness in it or
deviat ion. This, indeed, is t he descript ion of t he believers in t his life and t he Hereaft er, as
t hey are on t he st raight and safe pat h in mat t ers of act ion and creed. In t he Hereaft er, t hey
are on t he st raight pat h of Allah t hat leads t o t he gardens of Paradise.
∀ぼゲ⊥ ∇ョやラ͡まる͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤム∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ ͡ ホ⊥ マ

∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥わ∇ヘわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ぴ
ポ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョブ ⊥ ∇ダル͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ ∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ∠ワ∠
リ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をやゅ∠わル∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ べ∠ヰャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡まべ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠
Ι
⇔ ゅ∠ィケあり⇔ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅミ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ラ ͡ ゅ∠んヤ⊥んぁャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠
ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやリ
⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ リ
͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ルｙΙやナ
あェ ∠ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚヤ͡ヤプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲぁヤツ ͡ ゎ∠
(176. They ask you for a legal verdict . Say: "Allah direct s (t hus) about Al-Kalalah. If it is a man
t hat dies leaving a sist er, but no child, she shall have half t he inherit ance, and in her case he
will be her heir if she has no children. If t here are t wo sist ers, t hey shall have t wo-t hirds of t he
inherit ance; if t here are brot hers and sist ers, t he male will have t wice t he share of t he female.
(Thus) does Allah make clear t o you (His Law) lest you go ast ray. And Allah is t he All-Knower of
everyt hing.'')
This is the Last Ayah Ever Revealed, the Ruling on Al-Kalalah

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Al-Bara' said t hat t he last Surah t o be revealed was Surah Bara'ah
(chapt er 9) and t he last Ayah t o be revealed was,
びマ
(They ask you for a legal verdict ...) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "The
Messenger of Allah came visit ing me when I was so ill t hat I fell unconscious. He performed
ablut ion and poured t he remaining wat er on me, or had it poured on me. When I regained
consciousness, I said, ` I will only leave inherit ance t hrough Kalalah, so what about t he
inherit ance t hat I leave behind' Allah lat er revealed t he Ayah about Fara'id (inherit ance
4:11 ).''' The Two Sahihs and also t he Group recorded it . In one of t he wordings, Jabir said
t hat t he Ayah on inherit ance was revealed;
びる͡ ヤ∠⇒∠ヤム∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ

͡ ホ⊥ マ
(They ask you for a legal verdict . Say: "Allah direct s (t hus) about Al-Kalalah.) The wording of
t he Ayah indicat es t hat t he quest ion was about t he Kalalah,
び∇ユム⊥ Β͡わ∇ヘΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ

͡ ホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Allah direct s (t hus)...) We ment ioned t he meaning of Kalalah before, t hat it means t he
crown t hat surrounds t he head from all sides. This is why t he scholars st at ed t hat Kalalah
pert ains t o one who dies and leaves behind neit her descendant s, nor ascendant s. Some said
t hat t he Kalalah pert ains t o one who has no offspring, as t he Ayah st at es,
びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ
∠ ヤ∠ワ∠ ∀ぼゲ⊥ ∇ョやラ͡まぴ
(If it is a man t hat dies, leaving no child,) The meaning and ruling of Kalalah was somewhat
confusing t o t he Leader of t he Fait hful ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs
t hat ` Umar said, "There are t hree mat t ers t hat I wished t he Messenger of Allah had explained
t o us, so t hat we could abide by his explanat ion. (They are: t he share in t he inherit ance of) t he
grandfat her, t he Kalalah and a cert ain t ype of Riba.'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ma` dan bin
Abi Talhah said t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said, "There is not hing t hat I asked t he Messenger of
Allah about it s meaning more t han t he Kalalah, unt il he st abbed me wit h his finger in my chest
and said,
り͡ ケ∠ ヲ⊥シゲ͡ カ
͡ へヶ͡プヶ͡わャｚやブ
͡ ∇Βダ
ｚャやる⊥ Α∠ へマ
∠ Β͡ヘ∇ムΑ∠ »
«￢ゅ∠ジレあャや
(The Ayah t hat is in t he end of Surat An-Nisa' should suffice for you.)'' Ahmad ment ioned t his
short narrat ion for t his Hadit h, Muslim recorded a longer form of it .
The Meaning of This Ayah

Allah said,
びマ
(If it is a man t hat dies.) Allah said in anot her Ayah,
びヮ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ ∀マ͡ャゅ∠ワ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ
(Everyt hing will perish save His Face.) Therefore, everyt hing and everyone dies and perishes
except Allah, t he Exalt ed and Most Honored. Allah said,
ヱ⊥クマ
∠ よあケ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇ィヱ∠ ヴ∠ボ∇らΑ∠ ヱ∠ - ラ
∃ ゅ∠プゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ∇リョ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ぴ
びュ͡ や∠ゲ∇ミΗ
͡ や∠ヱモ
͡ ⇒∇ヤイ
∠ ∇ャや
(What soever is on it (t he eart h) will perish. And t he Face of your Lord full of maj est y and honor
will remain forever.) Allah said here,
びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(leaving no child,) referring t o t he person who has neit her children, nor parent s. What t est ifies
t o t his, is t hat Allah said aft erwards,
びポ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョブ
⊥ ∇ダル͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ ∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(Leaving a sist er, she shall have half t he inherit ance.) Had t here been a surviving ascendant ,
t he sist er would not have inherit ed anyt hing, and t here is a consensus on t his point . Therefore,
t his Ayah is referring t o t he man who dies leaving behind neit her descendant s nor ascendant s,
as is apparent for t hose who cont emplat e it s meaning. This is because when t here is a surviving
parent , t he sist er does not inherit anyt hing, let alone half of t he inherit ance. Ibn Jarir and
ot hers ment ioned t hat Ibn ` Abbas and Ibn Az-Zubayr used t o j udge t hat if a person dies and
leaves behind a daught er and a sist er, t he sist er does not inherit anyt hing. They would recit e,
ブ
⊥ ∇ダル͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠プ∠ ∀ろ∇カぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ マ
びポ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ
(If it is a man t hat dies, leaving a sist er, but no child, she shall have half t he inherit ance.) They
said t hat if one leaves behind a daught er, t hen he has left behind a child. Therefore t he sist er
does not get anyt hing. The maj orit y of scholars disagreed wit h t hem, saying t he daught er get s
one half and t he sist er t he ot her half, relying on ot her evidence. This Ayah (4:176 above) gives
t he sist er half of t he inherit ance in t he case t hat it specifies. As for giving t he sist er half in
ot her cases, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sulayman said t hat Ibrahim report ed t o Al-Aswad t hat he
said, "During t he t ime of t he Messenger of Allah , Mu` adh bin Jabal gave a j udgment t hat t he
daught er get s one half and t he sist er t he ot her half.'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Huzayl bin
Shurahbil said, "Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari was asked about t he case when t here was a daught er,
grand-daught er and sist er t o inherit . He said, ` The daught er get s one-half and t he sist er one-
half.' Go and ask Ibn Mas` ud, alt hough I t hink he is going t o agree wit h me.' So Ibn Mas` ud was
asked and was t old about Abu Musa's answer, and Ibn Mas` ud comment ed, ` I would have
deviat ed t hen and would not have become among t hose who are right ly guided. I will give a
j udgment similar t o t he j udgment given by t he Prophet . The daught er get s one-half, t he
grand-daught er get s one-sixt h, and t hese t wo shares will add up t o t wo-t hirds. What ever is left
will be for t he sist er.' We went back t o Abu Musa and conveyed t o him Ibn Mas` ud's answer and
he said, ` Do not ask me (for legal verdict s) as long as t his scholar is st ill among you.''' Allah
t hen said,
びギ∀ ャ∠ヱ∠ べ∠ヰャｚ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡まべ∠ヰを⊥ ゲ͡ Α∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ

(... and he will be her heir if she has no children.) This Ayah means, t he brot her inherit s all of
t hat his sist er leaves behind if she has no surviving offspring or parent s. If she has a surviving
parent , her brot her would not inherit anyt hing. If t here is someone who get s a fixed share in
t he inherit ance, such as a husband or half brot her from t he mot her's side, t hey t ake t heir share
and t he rest goes t o t he brot her. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he
ヂ
⊥ も͡ やゲ∠ヘ∇ャやろ
͡ ボ∠ ∇よぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇ワほ∠よ͡ ヂ
∠ も͡ や∠ゲヘ∠ ∇ャややヲ⊥ボエ
͡ ∇ャぺ»
«ゲ∠ミク∠ モ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヴ∠ャ∇ヱほ∠ヤ͡プ∠
(Give t he Farai'd t o it s people, and what ever is left is t he share of t he nearest male relat ive.)
Allah said,
びポ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅヨｚョ͡ ラ
͡ ゅ∠んヤ⊥んぁャやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をやゅ∠わ∠ルゅ∠ミラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(If t here are t wo sist ers, t hey shall have t wo-t hirds of t he inherit ance;) meaning, if t he person
who dies in Kalalah has t wo sist ers, t hey get t wo-t hirds of t he inherit ance. More t han t wo
sist ers share in t he t wo-t hirds. From t his Ayah, t he scholars t ook t he ruling regarding t he t wo
daught ers, or more, t hat t hey share in t he t wo-t hirds, j ust as t he share of t he sist ers (t wo or
more) was t aken from t he Ayah about t he daught ers,
びポ
∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠んヤ⊥を⊥ リ
ｚヰ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ リ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ レ∠ ∇をやベ
∠ ∇ヲプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ｚリミ⊥ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(if (t here are) only daught ers, t wo or more, t heir share is t wo t hirds of t he inherit ance.)
4:11 . Allah said,
ナ
あェ∠ モ
⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ミ∠ グｚヤ͡ヤプ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ジル͡ ヱ∠ Ι
⇔ ゅ∠ィケあり⇔ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
びリ͡ ∇ΒΒ∠ ん∠ ルｙΙや
(if t here are brot hers and sist ers, t he male will have t wice t he share of t he female.) This is t he
share t hat t he male relat ives (sons, grandsons, brot hers) regularly get , t hat is, t wice as much
as t he female get s. Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやリ
⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ぴ
((Thus) does Allah make clear t o you...) His Law and set limit s, clarifying His legislat ion,
び∇やヲぁヤツ
͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ
(Lest you go ast ray.) from t he t rut h aft er t his explanat ion,
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ￢∃ ∇ヶセ
∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is t he All-Knower of everyt hing.) Allah has perfect knowledge in t he consequences of
everyt hing and in t he benefit t hat each mat t er carries for His servant s. He also knows what
each of t he relat ives deserves from t he inherit ance, according t o t he degree of relat ion he or
she has wit h t he deceased. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Tariq bin Shihab said t hat ` Umar gat hered
t he Companions of t he Messenger of Allah once and said, "I will give a ruling concerning t he
Kalalah t hat even women will t alk about it in t heir bedrooms.'' A snake t hen appeared in t he
house and t he gat hering had t o disperse. ` Umar comment ed, ` Had Allah willed t his (` Umar's
verdict regarding t he Kalalah) t o happen, it would have happened.'' The chain of narrat ion for
t his st ory is aut hent ic. Al-Hakim, Abu ` Abdullah An-Naysaburi recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-
Khat t ab said, ` Had I asked t he Messenger of Allah regarding t hree t hings, it would have been
bet t er for me t han red camels. (They are:) who should be t he Khalifah aft er him; about a
people who said, ` We agree t o pay Zakah, but not t o you (meaning t o t he Khalifah),' if we are
allowed t o fight t hem; and about t he Kalalah.'' Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih according t o
t he Two Shaykhs, and t hey did not recorded it .'' Ibn Jarir also said t hat it was report ed t hat
` Umar said, "I feel shy t o change a ruling t hat Abu Bakr issued. Abu Bakr used t o say t hat t he
Kalalah is t he person who has no descendant s or ascendant s.'' Abu Bakr's saying is what t he
maj orit y of scholars among t he Companions, t heir followers and t he earlier and lat er Imams
agree wit h. This is also t he ruling t hat t he Qur'an indicat es. For Allah st at ed t hat He has
explained and made plain t he ruling of t he Kalalah, when He said,
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲぁヤツ
͡ ゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやリ
⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ぴ
((Thus) does Allah makes clear t o you (His Law) lest you go ast ray. And Allah is t he All-Knower
of everyt hing.) And Allah knows best .
The Tafsir of Surat Al-Ma'idah
(Chapter - 5)
The Virtues of Surat Al-Ma'idah; When It was Revealed

At -Tirmidhi recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "The last Surahs t o be revealed were Surat
Al-Ma'idah and Surat Al-Fat h (chapt er 48).'' At -Tirmidhi comment ed, "This Hadit h is Hasan,
Gharib.'' and it was also report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he last Surah t o be revealed was,
びウ
⊥ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ⊥ ∇ダル∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィや∠クま͡ぴ
(When t here comes t he help of Allah and t he Conquest ,) Al-Hakim collect ed a narrat ion similar
t o t hat of At -Tirmidhi in his Must adrak, and he said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he
Two Shaykhs and t hey did not record it .'' Al-Hakim narrat ed t hat Jubayr bin Nufayr said, "I
performed Haj j once and visit ed ` A'ishah and she said t o me, ` O Jubayr! Do you read (or
memorize) Al-Ma'idah ' I answered ` Yes.' She said, ` It was t he last Surah t o be revealed.
Therefore, what ever permissible mat t ers you find in it , t hen consider (t reat ) t hem permissible.
And what ever impermissible mat t ers you find in it , t hen consider (t reat ) t hem impermissible.'''
Al-Hakim said, "It is Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Shaykhs and t hey did not record
it . '' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Mahdi relat ed t hat Mu` awiyah bin Salih
added t his st at ement in t he last Hadit h, "I (Jubayr) also asked ` A'ishah about t he Messenger of
Allah's conduct and she answered by saying, ` The Qur'an.''' An-Nasa'i also recorded it .
∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ ͡ ぺ⊥ キ͡ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ヴあヤエ ͡ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ
ｘやる⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠
ゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Α - ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∀ュゲ⊥ ェ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βダ
ｚャや
ゲ∠ ∇ヰゼｚャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ∠ も͡ べ∠バセ ∠ ∇やヲぁヤエ ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
ろ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやリ∠ Βあョや∠￢ Ι∠ヱギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン ∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや Ι∠ ヱ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャや
や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ル∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚリあョ Κ ⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ∠ ∇ャや
ラ∠ぺュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ べ∠レセ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ト∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ェ ∠
∇やヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺュ͡ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャやギ͡ イ
͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャやリ ͡ハ ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ ∠
ユ͡ ∇をΗ
͡ やヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚャや∠ヱゲあら∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠
びゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャへギ⊥ Α͡ギセ
∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ ͡ラや∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(In t he Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.) (1. O you who believe! Fulfill (your)
obligat ions. Lawful t o you (for food) are all t he beast s of cat t le except t hat which will be
announced t o you (herein), game (also) being unlawful when you assume Ihram. Verily, Allah
commands t hat which He wills.) (2. O you who believe! Violat e not t he sanct it y of t he symbols
of Allah, nor of t he Sacred Mont h, nor of t he Hady brought for sacrifice, nor t he garlands, nor
t he people coming t o t he Sacred House (Makkah), seeking t he bount y and good pleasure of
t heir Lord. But when you finish t he Ihram, t hen hunt , and let not t he hat red of some people in
(once) st opping you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at Makkah) lead you t o t ransgression. Help you
one anot her in Al-Birr and At -Taqwa, but do not help one anot her in sin and t ransgression. And
have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is severe in punishment .) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat a man
came t o ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud and said t o him, "Advise me.'' He said, "When you hear Allah's
st at ement ,
(O you who believe!) t hen pay full at t ent ion, for it is a right eous mat t er t hat He is ordaining or
an evil t hing t hat He is forbidding.'' Khayt hamah said, "Everyt hing in t he Qur'an t hat reads,
(O you who believe!) reads in t he Tawrah, ` O you who are in need.''' Allah said,
びキ͡ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(Fulfill (your) obligat ions.) Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and ot hers said t hat ` obligat ions' here means
t reat ies. Ibn Jarir ment ioned t hat t here is a consensus for t his view. Ibn Jarir also said t hat it
means t reat ies, such as t he alliances t hat t hey used t o conduct . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed
t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed:
びキ͡ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ

(O you who believe! Fulfill (your) obligat ions.) "Refers t o t he covenant s, meaning, what Allah
permit t ed, prohibit ed, ordained and set limit s for in t he Qur'an. Therefore, do not commit
t reachery or break t he covenant s. Allah emphasized t his command when He said,
ヮ͡ ボ͡ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ ∇ヰハ

∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ツボ⊥ レ∠Α リ ∠ Αグ͡ ャｚや∠ヱぴ
びモ
∠タ
∠ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥バト
∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠
(And t hose who break t he covenant of Allah, aft er it s rat ificat ion, and sever t hat which Allah
has commanded t o be j oined,) unt il,
びケ͡ やｚギャや￢⊥ ヲ⊥シぴ

(unhappy (evil) home (i.e. Hell).)'' Ad-Dahhak said t hat ,
びキ͡ ヲ⊥ボバ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥プ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(Fulfill your obligat ions.) "Refers t o what Allah has permit t ed and what He has prohibit ed. Allah
has t aken t he covenant from t hose who proclaim t heir fait h in t he Prophet and t he Book t o
fulfill t he obligat ions t hat He has ordered for t hem in t he permissible and t he impermissible.''
Explaining the Lawful and the Unlawful Beasts
Allah said,
びュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ
ｘやる⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ
͡ ぺ⊥ぴ
(Lawful t o you (for food) are all t he beast s of cat t le) camels, cows and sheep, as Al-Hasan,
Qat adah and several ot hers st at ed. Ibn Jarir said t hat t his Tafsir conforms t o t he meaning of
(` beast s of cat t le') t hat t he Arabs had. We should ment ion t hat Ibn ` Umar, Ibn ` Abbas and
ot hers relied on t his Ayah as evidence t o allow eat ing t he meat of t he fet us if it is found dead
in t he belly of it s slaught ered mot her. There is a Hadit h t o t he same effect collect ed in t he
Sunan of Abu Dawud, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah and narrat ed by Abu Sa` id who said, "We
asked, ` O Messenger of Allah! When we slaught er a camel, cow or sheep, we somet imes find a
fet us in it s belly, should we discard it or eat it s meat ' He said,
«ヮあョぺ⊥ り⊥ ゅ∠ミク∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ミク∠ ラ

ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ゃセ
͡ ∇ラま͡ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ »
(Eat it if you want , because it s slaught er was fulfilled when it s mot her was slaught ered.)'' At -
Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' Abu Dawud recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat
«ヮあョぺ⊥ り⊥ ゅ∠ミク∠ リ
͡ Β͡レイ
∠ ∇ャやり⊥ ゅ∠ミク∠ »
(Proper slaught er of t he fet us is fulfilled wit h t he slaught er of it s mot her.) Only Abu Dawud
collect ed t his narrat ion. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(except t hat which will be announced t o you (herein), ) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn
` Abbas said t hat it refers t o, "The flesh of dead animals, blood and t he meat of swine.''
Qat adah said, "The meat of dead animals and animals slaught ered wit hout Allah's Name being
pronounced at t he t ime of slaught ering.'' It appears, and Allah knows best , t hat t he Ayah refers
t o Allah's ot her st at ement ,
べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ギｚ ∇ャや∠ヱる⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあェ ⊥ぴ
り⊥ ク∠ ヲ⊥ホ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱる⊥ ボ∠ レ͡ ガ ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥
びノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャやモ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ Β͡トレｚャや∠ヱる⊥ Α∠ キあゲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(Forbidden t o you (for food) are: Al-Mayt ah (t he dead animals), blood, t he flesh of swine, and
what has been slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot hers t han Allah, and t hat which has been killed
by st rangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by t he goring of horns - and t hat
which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal.) 5:3 , for alt hough t he animals ment ioned in
t his Ayah are t ypes of permissible cat t le (except for swine), t hey become impermissible under
t he circumst ances t hat t he Ayah 5:3 specifies. This is why Allah said aft erwards,
びょ
͡ ダ
⊥ レぁャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ウ
∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βミｚク∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Unless you are able t o slaught er it (before it s deat h) and t hat which is sacrificed (slaught ered)
on An-Nusub (st one alt ars)) as t he lat t er t ype is not permissible, because it can no longer be
slaught ered properly. Hence, Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ
ｘやる⊥ ヨ∠ Β͡ヰよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ
͡ ぺ⊥ぴ
(Lawful t o you are all t he beast s of cat t le except t hat which will be announced t o you, )
means, except t he specific circumst ances t hat prohibit some of t hese which will be announced
t o you. Allah said,
び∀ュゲ⊥ ェ
⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βダ
ｚャやヴあヤエ
͡ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ぴ
(game (also) being unlawful when you assume Ihram.) Some scholars said t hat t he general
meaning of ` cat t le' includes domest icat ed cat t le, such as camels, cows and sheep, and wild
cat t le, such as gazzelle, wild cat t le and wild donkeys. Allah made t he except ions ment ioned
above (dead animals blood, flesh of swine et c.), and prohibit ed hunt ing wild beast s while in
t he st at e of Ihram. It was also report ed t hat t he meaning here is, "We have allowed for you all
t ypes of cat t le in all circumst ances, except what We excluded herewit h for t he one hunt ing
game while in t he st at e of Ihram.'' Allah said,
∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ パ
∃ ゅ∠よゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ｚゲト
⊥ ∇ッやリ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ
(But if one is forced by necessit y, wit hout willful disobedience, and not t ransgressing, t hen,
Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This Ayah means, "We allowed eat ing t he meat of dead
animals, when one is forced by necessit y, under t he condit ion t hat one is not t ransgressing t he
limit s or overst epping t hem.'' Here, Allah st at es, "Just as We allowed t he meat of cat t le in all
condit ions and circumst ances, t hen do not hunt game when in t he st at e of Ihram, for t his is t he
decision of Allah, Who is t he Most Wise in all t hat He commands and forbids.'' So Allah said;
びギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah commands t hat which He wills.)
The Necessity of Observing the Sanctity of the Sacred Area and the
Sacred Months
Allah cont inues,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ∠ も͡ べ∠バセ

∠ ∇やヲぁヤエ
͡ ゎ⊥ Ι
(O you who believe! Violat e not t he sanct it y of Sha'a'ir Allah (t he symbols of Allah),) Ibn ` Abbas
said, "Sha` a'ir Allah means t he rit uals of Haj j .'' Muj ahid said, "As-Safa and Al-Marwah, and t he
sacrificial animal are t he symbols of Allah.'' It was also st at ed t hat Sha` a'ir Allah is what He
prohibit ed. Therefore, it means, do not violat e what Allah prohibit ed. Allah said aft erwards,
びュ∠ や∠ゲエ
∠ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ
ｚャや Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor of t he Sacred Mont h,) for you are required t o respect and honor t he Sacred Mont h and t o
refrain from what Allah forbade during it , such as fight ing. This also lays emphasis on avoiding
sins during t hat t ime. As Allah said;
∀メゅ∠わ͡ホ ∇モホ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プメ

∃ ゅ∠わホ͡ ュ͡ や∠ゲエ
∠ ∇ャやゲ͡ ∇ヰゼ
ｚャやリ
͡ハ
び∀ゲΒ͡ら∠ミヮ͡ Β͡プ
(They ask you concerning fight ing in t he Sacred Mont h. Say, "Fight ing t herein is a great
(t ransgression).'') and,
びや⇔ゲ∇ヰセ
∠ ゲ∠ ゼ
∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇をやヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハケ͡ ヲ⊥ヰゼ
ぁャやり∠ ギｚハ
͡ ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t he number of mont hs wit h Allah is t welve mont hs (in a year). ) Al-Bukhari recorded in
his Sahih t hat Abu Bakrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said during t he Farewell Haj j ,
ぶ
⊥ やペ ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ ケ∠ や∠ギわ∠ ∇シやギ͡ ホ∠ ∠ラゅ∠ョゴｚャやラ
ｚま͡»
ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ヰセ ∠ ゲ∠ ゼ
∠ハ∠ ゅ∠レ∇をやる⊥ レ∠ ｚジャやチ ∠ ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱれ͡ やヲ∠ヨジｚャや
ヱ⊥ク∠ヱり͡ ギ∠ ∇バボ∠ ∇ャやヱ⊥ク :∀れゅ∠Βャ͡や∠ヲわ∠ ョ⊥ ∀ゐゅ∠ヤ∠を ∩∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ る∀ バ∠ よ∠ ∇ケぺ∠
リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヵ͡グャｚやゲ∠ ツ
∠ ョ⊥ ょ
⊥ ィ
∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゲｚエ
∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱる͡ イ
ｚエ
͡ ∇ャや
«ラゅ∠ら∇バセ ∠ ヱ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ヨィ
⊥
(The division of t ime has ret urned as it was when Allah creat ed t he Heavens and t he eart h. The
year is t welve mont hs, four of which are sacred: Three are in succession, (t hey are:) Dhul-
Qa'dah, Dhul-Hij j ah and Muharram, and (t he fourt h is) Raj ab of (t he t ribe of) Mudar which
comes bet ween Jumada (At h-Thaniyah) and Sha'ban.) This Hadit h t est ifies t o t he cont inued
sanct it y of t hese mont hs unt il t he end of t ime.
Taking the Hady to the Sacred House of Allah, Al-Ka` bah

びギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ン
∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor of t he Hady brought for sacrifice, nor t he garlands,) means, do not abandon t he pract ice
of bringing t he Hady (sacrificial animals) t o t he Sacred House, as t his rit ual is a form of
honoring t he symbols of Allah. Do not abandon t he pract ice of garlanding t hese animals on
t heir necks, so t hat t hey are dist inguished from ot her cat t le. This way, it will be known t hat
t hese animals are int ended t o be offered as Hady at t he Ka` bah, and t hus t hose who might
int end some harm t o t hem would refrain from doing so. Those who see t he Hady might be
encouraged t o imit at e t his rit ual, and indeed, he who calls t o a t ype of guidance, will earn
rewards equal t o t he rewards of t hose who follow his lead, wit hout decrease in t heir own
rewards. When t he Messenger of Allah int ended t o perform Haj j , he spent t he night at Dhul-
Hulayfah, which is also called Wadi Al-` Aqiq. In t he morning, t he Prophet made rounds wit h his
wives, who were nine at t hat t ime, performed Ghusl (bat h), applied some perfume and
performed a t wo Rak` ah prayer. He t hen garlanded t he Hady and announced aloud his
int ent ion t o perform Haj j and ` Umrah. The Prophet 's Hady at t he t ime consist ed of plent y of
camels, more t han sixt y, and t hey were among t he best animals, t he healt hiest and most
physically accept able, j ust as Allah's st at ement proclaims,
ン∠ヲ∇ボゎ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠バセ

∠ ∇ユヌ
あバ∠ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ マ∠ ャ͡クぴ
びゆ ͡ ヲ⊥ヤボ⊥ ∇ャや
(Thus it is, and whosoever honors t he symbols of Allah, t hen it is t ruly, from t he piet y of t he
heart s.) Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
びギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor t he garlands) means, "Do not breach t heir sanct it y.'' During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he
people used t o garland t hemselves wit h animal hair and pelt s when t hey left t heir areas in
mont hs ot her t han t he Sacred Mont hs. The idolat ors of t he Sacred House Area used t o garland
t hemselves wit h t he t ree-st ems of t he Sacred Area, so t hat t hey were grant ed safe passage.''
This st at ement was collect ed by Ibn Abi Hat im, who also recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There
are t wo Ayat in t his Surah (Al-Ma'idah) t hat were abrogat ed, t he Ayah about t he garlands 5:2 ,
and
∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プポ
∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
n(So if t hey come t o you (O Muhammad ), eit her j udge bet ween t hem, or t urn away from
t hem.)''
The Necessity of Preserving the Sanctity and Safety of those who

Intend to Travel to the Sacred House
Allah said,
リあョ Κ
⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ
∠ ∇ャやろ
∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ Βあョや∠￢ Ι∠ヱぴ
び⇔ゅル∠ヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚ
(nor t he people coming t o t he Sacred House (Makkah), seeking t he bount y and good pleasure of
t heir Lord.) The Ayah commands: Do not fight people who are heading t owards t he Sacred
House of Allah, which if anyone ent ers it , he must be grant ed safe refuge. Likewise, t hose who
are heading t owards t he Sacred House seeking t he bount y and good pleasure of Allah, must not
be st opped, prevent ed, or fright ened away from ent ering t he Sacred House. Muj ahid, ` At a',
Abu Al-` Aliyah, Mut arrif bin ` Abdullah, ` Abdullah bin ` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas,
Muqat il bin Hayyan, Qat adah and several ot hers said t hat ,
び∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚリあョ Κ
⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ぴ
(seeking t he bount y of t heir Lord.) refers t o t rading. A similar discussion preceded concerning
t he Ayah;
び∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョ Κ
⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
(There is no sin on you if you seek t he bount y of your Lord (during pilgrimage by t rading).)
Allah said;
び⇔ゅル∠ヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱぴ
(and pleasure. ) Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he word ` pleasure' in t he Ayah refers t o, "seeking Allah's
pleasure by t heir Haj j .'' ` Ikrimah, As-Suddi and Ibn Jarir ment ioned t hat t his Ayah was revealed
concerning Al-Hut am bin Hind Al-Bakri, who had raided t he cat t le belonging t o t he people of
Al-Madinah. The following year, he want ed t o perform ` Umrah t o t he House of Allah and some
of t he Companions want ed t o at t ack him on his way t o t he House. Allah revealed,
リあョ Κ
⇔ ∇ツプ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ
∠ ∇ャやろ
∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ Βあョや∠￢ Ι∠ヱぴ
び⇔ゅル∠ヲ∇ッ͡ケ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚ
(nor t he people coming t o t he Sacred House (Makkah), seeking t he bount y and good pleasure of
t heir Lord.)
Hunting Game is Permissible After Ihram Ends

Allah said,
び∇やヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ト∇タゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠ェ

(But when you finish t he Ihram, t hen hunt ,) When you end your Ihram, it is permit t ed for you
t o hunt game, which was prohibit ed for you during Ihram. Alt hough t his Ayah cont ains a
command t hat t akes effect aft er t he end of a st at e of prohibit ion (during Ihram in t his case),
t he Ayah, in fact , brings back t he ruling t hat was previously in effect . If t he previous ruling was
an obligat ion, t he new command will uphold t hat obligat ion, and such is t he case wit h
recommended and permissible mat t ers. There are many Ayat t hat deny t hat t he ruling in such
cases is always an obligat ion. Such is also t he case against t hose who say t hat it is always
merely allowed. What we ment ioned here is t he correct opinion t hat employs t he available
evidence, and Allah knows best .
Justice is Always Necessary

Allah said,
リ
͡ハ
∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱぁギタ
∠ ラ∠ぺュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ ⊥ べ∠レセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ラ∠ぺュ͡ や∠ゲエ∠ ∇ャやギ͡ イ
͡ ∇ジヨ∠ ∇ャや
(and let not t he hat red of some people in (once) st opping you from Al-Masj id Al-Haram (at
Makkah) lead you t o t ransgression (and host ilit y on your part ).) The meaning of t his Ayah is
apparent , as it commands: Let not t he hat red for some people, who prevent ed you from
reaching t he Sacred House in t he year of Hudaybiyyah, make you t ransgress Allah's Law and
commit inj ust ice against t hem in ret aliat ion. Rat her, rule as Allah has commanded you, being
j ust wit h every one. We will explain a similar Ayah lat er on,
∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハや ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι

∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ
⊥ べ∠レセ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚヤ͡ャゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥
(And let not t he enmit y and hat red of ot hers make you avoid j ust ice. Be j ust : t hat is nearer t o
piet y,) which commands: do not be driven by your hat red for some people int o abandoning
j ust ice, for j ust ice is ordained for everyone, in all sit uat ions. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Zayd
bin Aslam said, "The Messenger of Allah and his Companions were in t he area of Al-Hudaybiyyah
when t he idolat ors prevent ed t hem from visit ing t he House, and t hat was especially hard on
t hem. Lat er on, some idolat ors passed by t hem from t he east int ending t o perform ` Umrah. So
t he Companions of t he Prophet said, ` Let us prevent t hose (from ` Umrah) j ust as t heir fellow
idolat ors prevent ed us.' Thereaft er, Allah sent down t his Ayah.'' Ibn Abbas and ot hers said t hat
"Shana'an'' refers t o enmit y and hat e. Allah said next ,
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚャや∠ヱゲあら∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ゅ∠バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
͡ や∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱユ͡ ∇をΗ
͡や
(Help you one anot her in Al-Birr and At -Taqwa; but do not help one anot her in sin and
t ransgression.) Allah commands His believing servant s t o help one anot her perform right eous,
good deeds, which is t he meaning of ` Al-Birr', and t o avoid sins, which is t he meaning of ` At -
Taqwa'. Allah forbids His servant s from helping one anot her in sin, ` It hm' and commit t ing t he
prohibit ions. Ibn Jarir said t hat , "It hm means abandoning what Allah has ordained, while
t ransgression means overst epping t he limit s t hat Allah set in your religion, along wit h
overst epping what Allah has ordered concerning yourselves and ot hers.'' Imam Ahmad recorded
t hat Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«ゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∇ヌョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ヨャ͡ゅ∠ニポ

∠ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ∇ゲダ
⊥ ∇ルや»
(Support your brot her whet her he was unj ust or t he vict im of inj ust ice.) He was asked, "O
Messenger of Allah! We know about helping him when he suffers inj ust ice, so what about
helping him when he commit s inj ust ice'' He said,
«ロ⊥ゲ∇ダル∠ ポ
∠ や∠グプ∠ ユ͡ ∇ヤヌ
ぁャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ バ⊥ レ∠ ∇ヨゎ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ゴ⊥ イ
⊥ ∇エゎ∠ »
(Prevent and st op him from commit t ing inj ust ice, and t his represent s giving support t o him.)
Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h t hrough Hushaym. Ahmad recorded t hat one of t he Companions
of t he Prophet narrat ed t he Hadit h,
∇ユワ⊥ や∠クぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ

∠ ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ヱ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやテ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ガΑ⊥ ヵ͡グャｚやリ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや»
ゲ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやテ ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠ガΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヵ͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ や⇔ゲ∇ィぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヌ
∠ ∇ハぺ∠
«ユ⊥ワや∠クぺ∠ ヴヤ∠ハ
(The believer who mingles wit h people and is pat ient wit h t heir annoyance, earns more reward
t han t he believer who does not mingle wit h people and does not observe pat ience wit h t heir
annoyance.) Muslim recorded a Hadit h t hat st at es,
ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ モ ⊥ ∇んョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ィほ∠∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミン⇔ギワ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ »

∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャる͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴャ͡まヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ ͡ ョ∠
∠ ラ∠ ゅミ∠ る∃ ャ∠ゅ∠ヤッ ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ゅ∠ハキ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ケ͡ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥
ゅ∠ャ ∩͡るョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ
͡ ョ∠ ュ͡ ゅ∠をへモ
⊥ ∇んョ͡ ユ͡ ∇をみ͡∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡
«ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ョ͡ ゅ∠をへ ∇リョ͡ マ∠ ャ͡クゾ ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇レΑ∠
(He who calls t o a guidance, will earn a reward similar t o t he rewards of t hose who accept his
call, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, wit hout decreasing t heir rewards. Whoever calls t o a
heresy, will carry a burden similar t o t he burdens of t hose who accept his call, unt il t he Day of
Resurrect ion, wit hout decreasing t heir own burdens.)
べ∠ョヱ∠ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ギｚ ∇ャや∠ヱる⊥ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ∇ろョ∠ ゲあェ ⊥ぴ
り⊥ ク∠ ヲ⊥ホ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱる⊥ ボ∠ レ͡ ガ ∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥
∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βミｚク∠ ゅ∠ョ Ιｚま͡ ノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャやモ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ る⊥ エ ∠ Β͡トレｚャや∠ヱる⊥ Α∠ キあゲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ
ュ͡ Ι∠ ∇コΙ ｘゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ダ ⊥ レぁャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ウ∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠
Κ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キリ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやザ∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや ∀ペ∇ジ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠
∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやラ
͡ ∇ヲゼ
∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠
ゅ⇔レΑ͡キュ∠ Κ ∠ ∇シΕ͡ やユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ろ
⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ろ⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠
ラｚみ͡プ∠ ユ∃ ∇をΗ
͡ ブ ∃ ル͡ ゅ∠イわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ る∃ ダ
∠ ヨ∠ ∇ガョ∠ ヴ͡プｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッやリ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャや
(3. Forbidden t o you (for food) are: Al-Mayt ah (t he dead animals), blood, t he flesh of swine,
and t hat which has been slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot her t han Allah, and t hat which has
been killed by st rangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by t he goring of horns
and t hat which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal unless you are able t o slaught er it
(before it s deat h) - and t hat which is sacrificed (slaught ered) on An-Nusub (st one alt ars).
(Forbidden) also is t o make decisions wit h Al-Azlam (arrows) (all) t hat is Fisq (disobedience and
sin). This day, t hose who disbelieved have given up all hope of your religion; so fear t hem not ,
but fear Me. This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you, complet ed My favor upon you,
and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. But as for him who is forced by severe hunger,
wit h no inclinat ion t o sin (such can eat t hese above ment ioned animals), t hen surely, Allah is
Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
The Animals that are Unlawful to Eat

Allah informs His servant s t hat He forbids consuming t he ment ioned t ypes of foods, such as t he
Mayt ah, which is t he animal t hat dies before being properly slaught ered or hunt ed. Allah
forbids t his t ype of food due t o t he harm it causes, because of t he blood t hat becomes clogged
in t he veins of t he dead animal. Therefore, t he Mayt ah is harmful, religiously and physically,
and t his is why Allah has prohibit ed it . The only except ion t o t his ruling is fish, for fish is
allowed, even when dead, by slaught ering or ot herwise. Malik in his Muwat t a, also Abu Dawud,
At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah in t heir Sunan, Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban in t heir
Sahihs, all recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah was asked about
seawat er. He said,
«ヮ⊥わ∠わ∇Β∠ョモ
ぁエ
͡ ∇ャやロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰト
ｚャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ »
(It s wat er is pure and it s dead are permissible.) The same ruling applies t o locust s, as proven in
a Hadit h t hat we will ment ion lat er. Allah's st at ement ,
びュ∠ ギｚャや∠ヱぴ
(blood...) This refers t o flowing blood, according t o Ibn ` Abbas and Sa` id bin Jubayr, and it is
similar t o Allah's ot her st at ement ,
びゅ⇔ェヲ⊥ヘ∇ジョｚゅ⇔ョキ∠ ぴ
(Blood poured fort h...) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas was asked about t he spleen and
he said, "Eat it .'' They said, "It is blood.'' He said, "You are only prohibit ed blood t hat was
poured fort h.'' Abu ` Abdullah, Muhammad bin Idris Ash-Shafi` i recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said
t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
マ
⊥ ヨ∠ ジ
ｚャゅ∠プラ
͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャやゅｚョほ∠プ∠ ∩͡ラゅ∠ョキ∠ ヱ∠ ラ
͡ ゅ∠わわ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャｚモェ͡ ぺ⊥»
«メゅエ∠トャあや∠ヱギ⊥ ら͡ ム∠ ∇ャゅ∠プラ ͡ ゅ∠ョギｚャやゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥キやゲ∠ イ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(We were allowed t wo dead animals and t wo (kinds of) blood. As for t he t wo dead animals,
t hey are fish and locust . As for t he t wo bloods, t hey are liver and spleen.) Imam Ahmad bin
Hanbal, Ibn Maj ah, Ad-Daraqut ni and Al-Bayhaqi also recorded t his Hadit h t hrough ` Abdur-
Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam, who is a weak narrat or. Allah's st at ement ,
びゲ͡ Α͡ゴレ͡ガ∇ャやユ∠ ∇エャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(t he flesh of swine...) includes domest icat ed and wild swine, and also refers t o t he whole
animal, including it s fat , for t his is what t he Arabs mean by Lahm or ` flesh'. Muslim recorded
t hat Buraydah bin Al-Husayb Al-Aslami said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ユ͡ ∇エャ∠ ヶ͡プロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ヒ∠ ら∠ タ
∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ∩͡ゲΒ͡セキ∠ ∇ゲレｚャゅ͡よょ
∠ バ͡ ャ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
«ヮョ͡ キ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ
͡ ∇ャや
(He who plays Nardshir (a game wit h dice t hat involves gambling) is j ust like t he one who put s
his hand in t he flesh and blood of swine.) If t his is t he case wit h merely t ouching t he flesh and
blood of swine, so what about eat ing and feeding on it This Hadit h is a proof t hat Lahm means
t he ent ire body of t he animal, including it s fat . In is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he
ゲ͡ Α͡ゴ∇レガ
͡ ∇ャや∠ヱる͡ わ∠ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ͡ ∇ヨガ
∠ ∇ャやノ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ぶ
«ュゅ∠レ∇タほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ
(Allah made t he t rade of alcohol, dead animals, pigs and idols illegal.) The people asked, "O
Allah's Messenger! What about t he fat of dead animals, for it was used for greasing t he boat s
and t he hides; and people use it for lant erns'' He said,
«ュや∠ゲェ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∩ゅ∠ャ»
(No, it is illegal.) In t he Sahih of Al-Bukhari, Abu Sufyan narrat ed t hat he said t o Heraclius,
Emperor of Rome, "He (Muhammad) prohibit ed us from eat ing dead animals and blood.'' Allah
said,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ャ͡ ｚモワ͡ ぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And t hat which has been slaught ered as a sacrifice for ot her t han Allah.) Therefore, t he
animals on which a name ot her t han Allah was ment ioned upon slaught ering it , is
impermissible, because Allah made it necessary t o ment ion His Glorious Name upon
slaught ering t he animals, which He creat ed. Whoever does not do so, ment ioning ot her t han
Allah's Name, such as t he name of an idol, a false deit y or a monument , when slaught ering, he
makes t his meat unlawful, according t o t he consensus. Allah's st at ement ,
びる⊥ ボ∠ レ͡ ガ
∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and t hat which has been killed by st rangling...) eit her int ent ionally or by mist ake, such as
when an animal moves while rest rained and dies by st rangulat ion because of it s st ruggling, t his
animal is also unlawful t o eat .
びり⊥ ク∠ ヲホ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(or by a violent blow...) This refers t o t he animal t hat is hit wit h a heavy obj ect unt il it dies.
Ibn ` Abbas and several ot hers said it is t he animal t hat is hit wit h a st aff unt il it dies. Qat adah
said, "The people of Jahiliyyah used t o st rike t he animal wit h st icks and when it died, t hey
would eat it .'' It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat ` Adi bin Hat im said, "I asked, ` O Allah's
Messenger! I use t he Mi` rad for hunt ing and cat ch game wit h it .' He replied,
∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇ヤム⊥ プ∠ ベ∠ゴガ ∠ プ∠ チ ͡ や∠ゲ∇バヨ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡»

«ヮ∇ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀グΒ͡ホ∠ヱヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚみ∠プヮ͡ ッ
͡ ∇ゲバ∠ よ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠タぺ
(If t he game is hit by it s sharp edge, eat it . But , if it is hit by it s broad side, do not eat it , for it
has been beat en t o deat h.) Therefore, t he Prophet made a dist inct ion bet ween killing t he
animal wit h t he sharp edge of an arrow or a hunt ing st ick, and rendered it lawful, and what is
killed by t he broad side of an obj ect , and rendered it unlawful because it was beat en t o deat h.
There is a consensus among t he scholars of Fiqh on t his subj ect . rAs for t he animal t hat falls
headlong from a high place and dies as a result , it is also prohibit ed. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah
report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat an animal t hat dies by a headlong fall, "Is t hat which falls
from a mount ain.'' Qat adah said t hat it is t he animal t hat falls in a well. As-Suddi said t hat it is
t he animal t hat falls from a mount ain or in a well. As for t he animal t hat dies by being gorged
by anot her animal, it is also prohibit ed, even if t he horn opens a flesh wound and it bleeds t o
deat h from it s neck. Allah's st at ement ,
びノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャやモ
∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal,) refers t o t he animal t hat was
at t acked by a lion, leopard, t iger, wolf or dog, t hen t he wild beast eat s a part of it and it dies
because of t hat . This t ype is also prohibit ed, even if t he animal bled t o deat h from it s neck.
There is also a consensus on t his ruling. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o eat
t he sheep, camel, or cow t hat were part ly eat en by a wild animal. Allah prohibit ed t his
pract ice for t he believers. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βミｚク∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι

ｚま͡ぴ
(unless you are able t o slaught er it ,) before it dies, due t o t he causes ment ioned above. This
part of t he Ayah is connect ed t o,
べ∠ョヱ∠ る⊥ ∠エΒ͡トレｚャや∠ヱる⊥ Α∠ キあゲ∠ わ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱり⊥ ク∠ ヲ⊥ホ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱる⊥ ボ∠ レ͡ ガ

∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
びノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャやモ ∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠
(and t hat which has been killed by st rangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by
t he goring of horns - and t hat which has been (part ly) eat en by a wild animal.) ` Ali bin Abi
Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βミｚク∠ ゅ∠ョ Ι

ｚま͡ぴ
(unless you are able t o slaught er it , ) "Unless you are able t o slaught er t he animal in t he cases
ment ioned in t he Ayah while it is st ill alive, t hen eat it , for it was properly slaught ered.''
Similar was report ed from Sa` id bin Jubayr, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and As-Suddi. Ibn Jarir recorded
t hat ` Ali, may Allah be pleased wit h him, said, "If you are able t o slaught er t he animal t hat has
been hit by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by t he gorging of horns while it st ill moves
a foot or a leg, t hen eat from it s meat .'' Similar was report ed from Tawus, Al-Hasan, Qat adah,
` Ubayd bin ` Umayr, Ad-Dahhak and several ot hers, t hat if t he animal t hat is being slaught ered
st ill moves, t hus demonst rat ing t hat it is st ill alive while slaught ering, t hen it is lawful. The
Two Sahihs recorded t hat Rafi` bin Khadij said, "I asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! We fear t hat we
may meet our enemy t omorrow and we have no knives, could we slaught er t he animals wit h
reeds' The Prophet said,
ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ぶ
͡ やユ⊥ ∇シやゲ∠ ミ͡ ク⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ュギｚャやゲ∠ ヰ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
リ
ぁジあャやゅｚョ∠ぺ :マ ∠ ャ͡ク ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ を⊥ あギェ
∠ ほ⊥シ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ゲヘ⊥ ヌぁャや∠ヱリｚジあャや
«る∠ゼら∠ エ
∠ ∇ャやン∠ギヨ⊥ プ∠ ゲ⊥ ヘ⊥ ぁヌャやゅｚョぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∀ユ∇ヌバ∠ プ∠
(You can use what makes blood flow and you can eat what is slaught ered wit h t he Name of
Allah. But do not use t eet h or claws (in slaught ering). I will t ell you why, as for t eet h, t hey are
bones, and claws are used by Et hiopians for slaught ering.)'' Allah said next ,
びょ
͡ ダ
⊥ レぁャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ウ
∠ よ͡ ク⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat which is sacrificed on An-Nusub. ) Nusub were st one alt ars t hat were erect ed around
t he Ka` bah, as Muj ahid and Ibn Jurayj st at ed. Ibn Jurayj said, "There were t hree hundred and
sixt y Nusub around t he Ka` bah t hat t he Arabs used t o slaught er in front of, during t he t ime
of Jahiliyyah. They used t o sprinkle t he animals t hat came t o t he Ka` bah wit h t he blood of
slaught ered animals, whose meat t hey cut t o pieces and placed on t he alt ars.'' Allah forbade
t his pract ice for t he believers. He also forbade t hem from eat ing t he meat of animals t hat
were slaught ered in t he vicinit y of t he Nusub, even if Allah's Name was ment ioned on t hese
animals when t hey were slaught ered, because it is a t ype of Shirk t hat Allah and His Messenger
have forbidden.
The Prohibition of Using Al-Azlam for Decision Making

Allah said,
びュ͡ Ι
∠ ∇コΙ
ｘゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ
͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
((Forbidden) also is t o make decisions wit h Al-Azlam) The Ayah commands, "O believers! You
are forbidden t o use Al-Azlam (arrows) for decision making,'' which was a pract ice of t he Arabs
during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. They would use t hree arrows, one wit h t he word ` Do' writ t en on
it , anot her t hat says ` Do not ', while t he t hird does not say anyt hing. Some of t hem would writ e
on t he first arrow, ` My Lord commanded me,' and, ` My Lord forbade me,' on t he second arrow
and t hey would not writ e anyt hing on t he t hird arrow. If t he blank arrow was picked, t he
person would keep t rying unt il t he arrow t hat says do or do not was picked, and t he person
would implement t he command t hat he picked. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Azlam were arrows
t hat t hey used t o seek decisions t hrough. Muhammad bin Ishaq and ot hers said t hat t he maj or
idol of t he t ribe of Quraysh was Hubal, which was erect ed on t he t ip of a well inside t he
Ka` bah, where gift s were present ed and where t he t reasure of t he Ka` bah was kept . There,
t hey also had seven arrows t hat t hey would use t o seek a decision concerning mat t ers of
disput e. What ever t he chosen arrow would t ell t hem, t hey would abide by it ! Al-Bukhari
recorded t hat when t he Prophet ent ered Al-Ka` bah (aft er Makkah was conquered), he found
pict ures of Ibrahim and Isma` il in it holding t he Azlam in t heir hands. The Prophet comment ed,
«や⇔ギよ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ゅ∠ヨジ
͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ やヲ⊥ヨヤ͡ハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ ぶ
⊥ やユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ヤ∠ゎ∠ ゅ∠ホ»
(May Allah fight t hem (t he idolat ers)! They know t hat t hey never used t he Azlam t o make
decisions. ) Muj ahid comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
びュ͡ Ι
∠ ∇コΙ
((Forbidden) also is t o make decisions wit h Al-Azlam,) "These were arrows t hat t he Arabs used,
and dice t hat t he Persians and Romans used in gambling.'' This st at ement by Muj ahid, t hat
t hese arrows were used in gambling, is doubt ful unless we say t hat t hey used t he arrows for
gambling somet imes and for decisions ot her t imes, and Allah knows best . We should also st at e
t hat Allah ment ioned Azlam and gambling in His st at ement before t he end of t he Surah (5:90,
91),
ゲ⊥ ジ
͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘや∠ヱゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ
ラ∠ぺリ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ - ラ
ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥Α
り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ
ｚャやリ ͡ハ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠
(O you who believe! Int oxicant s (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), and gambling, and Al-Ansab, and
Al-Azlam are an abominat ion of Shayt an's handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be
successful. Shayt an want s only t o excit e enmit y and hat red bet ween you wit h int oxicant s
(alcoholic drinks) and gambling, and hinder you from t he remembrance of Allah and from t he
Salah (t he prayer). So, will you not t hen abst ain) In t his Ayah, Allah said,
び∀ペ∇ジ͡プ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ ュ͡ Ι

∠ ∇コΙ
((Forbidden) also is t o make decisions wit h Al-Azlam, (all) t hat is Fisq.) meaning, all t hese
pract ices const it ut e disobedience, sin, misguidance, ignorance and, above all, Shirk. Allah has
commanded t he believers t o seek decisions from Him when t hey want t o do somet hing, by first
worshipping Him and t hen asking Him for t he best decision concerning t he mat t er t hey seek.
Imam Ahmad, Al-Bukhari and t he collect ors of Sunan recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said,
"The Prophet used t o t each us how t o make Ist ikharah (asking Allah t o guide one t o t he right
act ion), in all mat t ers, as he t aught us t he Surahs of t he Qur'an. He said,
ゲ͡ ∇Βビ
∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ∇ノミ∠ ∇ゲΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ョほ∠∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ユｚワ∠ や∠クま͡»
∩∠マ͡ヨ∇ヤ͡バ͡よポ ∠ ゲ⊥ Β͡ガわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ ヶあルま͡ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :∇モボ⊥ Β∠ ∇ャｚユを⊥ ∩͡るツ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ∠ ∇ャや
∩͡ユΒ͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャやマ ∠ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ ∇リョ͡ マ ∠ ャ⊥ほ∠∇シぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マゎ͡ ケ∠ ∇ギボ⊥ よ͡ ポ ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボわ∠ ∇シぺ∠ヱ∠
ュ⊥ ゅｚヤハ∠ ろ ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ユヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ヱ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ホぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ケ⊥ ギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ マ ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠
ゲ∠ ョ⊥ ほ∠∇ャやや∠グワ∠ ラｚぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ろ ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∩͡ゆヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャや
∠ヵゅ∠Β∇ルキ⊥ ∠ヱヶ͡レΑ͡キヶ͡プヶ͡ャ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カヮヨシゅよヮΒヨジΑヱ
ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ モ ͡ィ ͡ ゅ∠ハ :メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ハヱヶ͡セゅ∠バョ∠ ヱ∠
∩͡ヮΒ͡プヶ͡ャ ∇ポケ͡ ゅ∠よｚユを⊥ ∩ヶ͡ャロ⊥ ∇ゲジあ Α∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶ͡ャロ⊥ ∇ケギ⊥ ∇ホゅ∠プヮ͡ ヤ͡ィ ͡ へ∠ヱ
∠ヵゅ∠Β∇ルキ⊥ ∠ヱヶ͡レΑ͡キヶ͡プヶ͡ャゲｘセ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ろ∠ ∇レミ⊥ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや
∩⊥ヮ∇レハ∠ ヶ͡レ∇プゲ͡ ∇タゅ∠プ ∩ヵ͡ゲ∇ョぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ホ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠ ヶ͡セゅ∠バョ∠ ヱ∠
ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラゅ∠ミゑ ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ ∠ ∇ャやヶ
∠ ャ͡ ∇ケギ⊥ ∇ホや∠ヱ ∩ヶあレハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇プゲ͡ ∇タや∠ヱ
«ヮ͡よヶ͡レッあケ∠
(If anyone of you t hinks of doing any mat t er, he should offer a t wo Rak'ah prayer, ot her t han
t he compulsory, and say (aft er t he prayer) ` O Allah! I ask guidance from Your knowledge, from
Your abilit y and I ask for Your great bount y, for You are capable and I am not , You know and I
do not , and You know t he Unseen. O Allah! If You know t hat t his mat t er (and one should
ment ion t he mat t er or deed here) is good for my religion, my livelihood and t he Hereaft er (or
he said, ` for my present and lat er needs') t hen ordain it for me, make it easy for me t o have,
and t hen bless it for me. O Allah! And if You know t hat t his is harmful t o me in my religion and
livelihood and for t he Hereaft er t hen keep it away from me and let me be away from it . And
ordain what ever is good for me, and make me sat isfied wit h it .') This is t he wording collect ed
by Ahmad, and At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih Gharib.''
Shaytan and the Disbelievers Do Not Hope that Muslims Will Ever
Follow Them
Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キリ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやザ
∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ
(This day, t hose who disbelieved have given up all hope of your religion;) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah
report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah means, "They gave up hope t hat Muslims would
revert t o t heir religion.'' This is similar t o t he saying of ` At a' bin Abi Rabah, As-Suddi and
Muqat il bin Hayyan. This meaning is support ed by a Hadit h recorded in t he Sahih t hat st at es,
ヶ͡プラ
∠ ヲぁヤダ
∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやロ⊥ ギ∠ ら⊥ ∇バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ザ
∠ ゃ͡ Α∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ ゅ∠ト∇Βゼｚャやラｚま͡»
«ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ズ
͡ Α͡ゲ∇エわｚャゅ͡よ ∇リム͡ ャ∠ヱ ∩ゆ ͡ ゲ∠ バ∠ ∇ャやり͡ ゲ∠ Α͡ゴィ∠
(Verily, Shayt an has given up hope t hat t hose who pray in t he Arabian Peninsula, will worship
him. But he will st ill st ir t rouble among t hem.) It is also possible t hat t he Ayah negat es t he
possibilit y t hat t he disbelievers and Shayt an will ever be like Muslims, since Muslims have
various qualit ies t hat cont radict Shirk and it s people. This is why Allah commanded His
believing servant s t o observe pat ience, t o be st eadfast in defying and cont radict ing t he
disbelievers, and t o fear none but Allah. Allah said,
びラ
͡ ∇ヲゼ
∠ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ヲゼ
∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(So fear t hem not , but fear Me.) meaning, ` do not fear t hem when you cont radict t hem.
Rat her, fear Me and I will give you vict ory over t hem, I will eradicat e t hem, and make you
prevail over t hem, I will please your heart s and raise you above t hem in t his life and t he
Hereaft er.'
Islam Has Been Perfected For Muslims

Allah said,
ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ろ
⊥ ∇ヨヨ∠ ∇ゎぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ
⊥ ∇ヤヨ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ
びゅ⇔レΑ͡キュ∠ Κ
∠ ∇シΕ ͡ やユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ろ
⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ヱ∠
(This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you, complet ed My favor upon you, and have
chosen for you Islam as your religion.) This, indeed, is t he biggest favor from Allah t o t his
Ummah, for He has complet ed t heir religion for t hem, and t hey, t hus, do not need any ot her
religion or any ot her Prophet except Muhammad . This is why Allah made Muhammad t he Final
Prophet and sent him t o all humans and Jinn. Therefore, t he permissible is what he allows, t he
impermissible is what he prohibit s, t he Law is what he legislat es and everyt hing t hat he
conveys is t rue and aut hent ic and does not cont ain lies or cont radict ions. Allah said;
びΙ
⇔ ∇ギハ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ホ∇ギタ
͡ マ
∠ よあケ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ ∇ろヨｚゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t he Word of your Lord has been fulfilled in t rut h and in j ust ice,) meaning, it is t rue in
what it conveys and j ust in what it commands and forbids. When Allah complet ed t he religion
for Muslims, His favor became complet e for t hem as well. Allah said,
ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ろ
びゅ⇔レΑ͡キュ∠ Κ
∠ ∇シΕ ͡ やユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ろ
⊥ Β͡ッケ∠ ヱ∠
(This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you, complet ed My favor upon you, and have
chosen for you Islam as your religion.) meaning, accept Islam for yourselves, for it is t he
religion t hat Allah likes and which He chose for you, and it is t hat wit h which He sent t he best
of t he honorable Messengers and t he most glorious of His Books. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Harun
bin ` Ant arah said t hat his fat her said, "When t he Ayah,
び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ろ

(This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you...) was revealed, during t he great day of Haj j
(t he Day of ` Arafah, t he nint h day of Dhul-Hij j ah) ` Umar cried. The Prophet said, ` What makes
you cry' He said, ` What made me cry is t hat our religion is being perfect ed for us. Now it is
perfect , not hing is perfect , but it is bound t o det eriorat e.' The Prophet said,
«ろ∇ホギ∠ タ
∠ »
(You have said t he t rut h.)'' What support s t he meaning of t his Hadit h is t he aut hent ic Hadit h,
ヴ∠よヲ⊥トプ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲビ
∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥バΒ∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らΑ͡ゲビ
∠ ぺ∠ギ∠ よ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャやラ
ｚま͡»
«￢ゅ∠よゲ∠ ピ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡
(Islam was st range in it s beginning and will ret urn st range once more. Therefore, Tuba for t he
st rangers.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Tariq bin Shihab said, "A Jewish man said t o ` Umar bin
Al-Khat t ab, ` O Leader of t he Believers! There is a verse in your Book, which is read by all of
you (Muslims), and had it been revealed t o us, we would have t aken t hat day (on which it was
revealed) as a day of celebrat ion.' ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab asked, ` Which is t hat verse' The Jew
replied, s
びヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ろ
(This day, I have perfect ed your religion for you, complet ed My favor upon you...) ` Umar
replied, ` By Allah! I know when and where t his verse was revealed t o Allah's Messenger . It was
t he evening on t he Day of ` Arafah on a Friday.''' Al-Bukhari recorded t his Hadit h t hrough Al-
Hasan bin As-Sabbah from Ja` far bin ` Awn. Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also recorded
t his Hadit h. In t he narrat ion collect ed by Al-Bukhari in t he book of Tafsir, t hrough Tariq, he
said, "The Jews said t o ` Umar, ` By Allah! There is a verse t hat is read by all of you (Muslims),
and had it been revealed t o us, we would have t aken t hat day (on which it was revealed) as a
day of celebrat ion.' ` Umar said, ` By Allah! I know when and where t his verse was revealed and
where t he Messenger of Allah was at t hat t ime. It was t he day of ` Arafah, and I was at ` Arafah,
by Allah.'' Sufyan (one of t he narrat ors) doubt ed if Friday was ment ioned in t his narrat ion.
Sufyan's confusion was eit her because he was unsure if his t eacher included t his st at ement in
t he Hadit h or not . Ot herwise, if it was because he doubt ed t hat t he part icular day during t he
Farewell Haj j was a Friday, it would be a mist ake t hat could not and should not have come
from someone like Sufyan At h-Thawri. The fact t hat it was a Friday, is agreed on by t he
scholars of Sirah and Fiqh. There are numerous Hadit hs t hat support t his fact t hat are
definit ely aut hent ic and of t he Mut awat ir t ype. This Hadit h was also report ed from ` Umar
t hrough various chains of narrat ion.
Permitting the Dead Animals in Conditions of Necessity

Allah said,
ユ∃ ∇をΗ
͡ ブ
∃ ル͡ ゅ∠イわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ る∃ ダ
∠ ヨ∠ ∇ガョ∠ ヴ͡プｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッやリ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ
ｚみ͡プ∠
(But as for him who is forced by severe hunger, wit h no inclinat ion t o sin (such can eat t hese
above ment ioned animals), t hen surely, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Therefore, when
one is forced t o t ake any of t he impermissible t hings t hat Allah ment ioned t o meet a necessit y,
he is allowed and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful wit h him. Allah is well aware of His
servant 's needs during dire st rait s, and He will forgive and pardon His servant in t his case. In
t he Musnad and t he Sahih of Ibn Hibban, it is recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat Messenger of
Allah said,
∇ラぺ∠ ロ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ダ

∠ ∇カケ⊥ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ぶ
∠ やラｚま»
«ヮ⊥わΒ∠ ダ
͡ ∇バョ∠ ヴ∠ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥
(Allah likes t hat His Rukhsah (allowance) be used, j ust as He dislikes t hat disobedience t o Him
is commit t ed.) We should ment ion here t hat it is not necessary for one t o wait t hree days
before eat ing t he meat of dead animals, as many unlet t ered Muslims mist akenly t hink. Rat her,
one can eat such meat when t he dire need arises. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Waqid Al-
Layt hi said t hat t he Companions asked, "O Messenger of Allah! We live in a land where famine
oft en st rikes us. Therefore, when are we allowed t o eat t he meat of dead animals'' The Prophet
replied,
ゅ⇔ヤ∇ボよ∠ やヲ⊥ゃヘ͡ わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇ピゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩やヲ⊥エら͡ ト
∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ や∠クま͡»
«ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ル⊥ ∇ほゼ
∠ プ∠
(When you neit her find food for lunch and dinner nor have any produce t o eat , t hen eat from
it .) Only Imam Ahmad collect ed t his narrat ion and it s chain meet s t he crit eria of t he Two
Sahihs. Allah said,
びユ∃ ∇をΗ
͡ ブ
∃ ル͡ ゅ∠イわ∠ ョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ぴ
(wit h no inclinat ion t o sin,) meaning, one does not incline t o commit what Allah has prohibit ed.
Allah has allowed one when necessit y arises t o eat from what He ot herwise prohibit s, under t he
condit ion t hat his heart does not incline t o eat what Allah prohibit ed. Allah said in Surat Al-
Baqarah,
ラ
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ユ∠ ∇をま͡ Κ
∠ プ∠ キ∃ ゅ∠ハ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ パ
∃ ゅ∠よゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ｚゲト ⊥ ∇ッやリ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ
び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャや
(But if one is forced by necessit y wit hout willful disobedience nor t ransgressing due limit s, t hen
t here is no sin on him. Truly, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Some scholars used t his
Ayah as evidence t hat t hose who t ravel for t he purpose of commit t ing an act of disobedience
are not allowed t o use any of t he legal concessions of t ravel, because t hese concessions are not
earned t hrough sin, and Allah knows best .
ろ
⊥ ⇒∠らΒあト
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョマ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ
ゅｚヨョ͡ リｚヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ∠リΒ͡らヤあ∠ムョ⊥ ゥ͡ ケ͡ や∠ヲイ ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ
∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠
∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ リ ∠ ∇ムジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ ∠
ゆ
͡ ゅ∠ジエ ͡ ∇ャやノ⊥ Α͡ゲシ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやユ∠ ∇シや
び
(4. They ask you what is lawf ul for t hem. Say: "Lawful unt o you are At -Tayyibat (t he good
t hings). And t hose Jawarih (beast s and birds of prey) which you have t rained as hounds,
t raining and t eaching t hem (t o cat ch) in t he manner as direct ed t o you by Allah; so eat of what
t hey cat ch for you, but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it , and have Taqwa of Allah. Verily,
Allah is swift in reckoning.'')
Clarifying the Lawful
In t he previous Ayah Allah ment ioned t he prohibit ed t ypes of food, t he impure and unclean
t hings, harmful for t hose who eat t hem, eit her t o t heir bodies, religion or bot h, except out of
necessit y,
∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ͡ ト
⊥ ∇ッやゅ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ゅｚョユ⊥ムャ∠ モ
∠ダ
ｚプ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
(while He has explained t o you in det ail what is forbidden t o you, except under compulsion of
necessit y) Aft er t hat , Allah said,
びろ
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ モ
ｚェ
͡ ぺ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ
͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョマ
∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジΑ∠ ぴ
(They ask you what is lawful for t hem. Say, "Lawful unt o you are At -Tayyibat ...'') In Surat Al-
A` raf Allah describes Muhammad allowing t he good t hings and prohibit ing t he filt hy t hings.
Muqat il said, "At -Tayyibat includes everyt hing Muslims are allowed and t he various t ypes of
legally earned provision.'' Az-Zuhri was once asked about drinking urine for medicinal purposes
and he said t hat it is not a t ype of Tayyibat .'' Ibn Abi Hat im also narrat ed t his st at ement . Using
Jawarih t o Hunt Game is Permissible Allah said,
び∠リΒ͡らヤあ∠ムョ⊥ ゥ
͡ ケ͡ や∠ヲイ
∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ
(And t hose Jawarih (beast s and birds of prey) which you have t rained as hounds...) That is,
lawful for you are t he animals slaught ered in Allah's Name, and t he good t hings for sust enance.
The game you cat ch wit h t he Jawarih are also lawful for you. This refers t o t rained dogs and
falcons, as is t he opinion of t he maj orit y of t he Companions, t heir followers, and t he Imams.
` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ,
び∠リΒ͡らヤあ∠ムョ⊥ ゥ
͡ ケ͡ や∠ヲイ
∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ
(And t hose Jawarih (beast s and birds of prey) which you have t rained as hounds...) refers t o
t rained hunt ing dogs, falcons and all t ypes of birds and beast s t hat are t rained t o hunt ,
including dogs, wild cat s, falcons, and so fort h. Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed t his and said, "Similar
was report ed from Khayt hamah, Tawus, Muj ahid, Makhul and Yahya bin Abi Kat hir.'' Ibn Jarir
recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "You are permit t ed t he animal t hat t he t rained birds, such as
falcons, hunt for you if you cat ch it (before it eat s from it ). Ot herwise, do not eat from it .'' I
say, t he maj orit y of scholars say t hat hunt ing wit h t rained birds is j ust like hunt ing wit h t rained
dogs, because bird's of prey cat ch t he game wit h t heir claws, j ust like dogs. Therefore, t here is
no difference bet ween t he t wo. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Adi bin Hat im said t hat he asked t he
Messenger of Allah about t he game t hat t he falcon hunt s and t he Messenger said,
«モ⊥ムプ∠ マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ マ
∠ジ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
(What ever it cat ches for you, eat from it .) These carnivores t hat are t rained t o cat ch game are
called Jawarih in Arabic, a word t hat is derived from Jarh, meaning, what one earns. The Arabs
would say, "So-and-so has Jaraha somet hing good for his family,'' meaning, he has earned t hem
somet hing good. The Arabs would say, "So-and-so does not have a Jarih for him,'' meaning, a
caret aker. Allah also said,
びケ͡ ゅ∠ヰレｚャゅ͡よユ⊥わ∇ェゲ∠ ィ

∠ ゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And He knows what you have done during t he day...) meaning, t he good or evil you have
earned or commit t ed. Allah's st at ement ,
び∠リΒ͡らヤあ∠ムョ⊥ ぴ
(t rained as hounds,) t hose Jawarih t hat have been t rained t o hunt as hounds wit h t heir claws or
t alons. Therefore, if t he game is killed by t he weight of it s blow, not wit h it s claws, t hen we
are not allowed t o eat from t he game. Allah said,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ヨ∠ ｚヤハ

∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ リ
ｚヰ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ヨヤあ∠バゎ⊥ ぴ
(t raining t hem in t he manner as direct ed t o you by Allah, ) as when t he beast is sent , it goes
aft er t he game, and when it cat ches it , it keeps it unt il it s owner arrives and does not cat ch it
t o eat it it self. This is why Allah said here,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ リ
∠ ∇ムジ
∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ
∠
(so eat of what t hey cat ch for you, but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it ,) When t he beast is
t rained, and it cat ches t he game for it s owner who ment ioned Allah's Name when he sent t he
beast aft er t he game, t hen t his game is allowed according t o t he consensus of scholars, even if
it was killed. There are Hadit hs in t he Sunnah t hat support t his st at ement . The Two Sahihs
recorded t hat ` Adi bin Hat im said, "I said, ` O Allah's Messenger! I send hunt ing dogs and
ment ion Allah's Name.' He replied,
∇モム⊥ プ∠ ぶ
͡ やユ∠ ∇シやれ
∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ユ∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやマ
∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡»
«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ ∠ジ ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ
(If, wit h ment ioning Allah's Name, you let loose your t amed dog aft er a game and it cat ches it ,
you may eat what it cat ches.) I said, ` Even if it kills t he game' He replied,
マ
∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∀ょ∇ヤ∠ミゅ∠ヰ∇ミ∠ゲ∇ゼ∠Α ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∩∠リ∇ヤわ∠ ホ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ »
«ロ͡ゲ∇Βビ ∠ ヴヤ∠ハあユジ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ マ
∠ ら͡ ∇ヤミ∠ ヴヤ∠ハろ
∠ ∇Βヨｚシ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡
(Even if it kills t he game, unless anot her dog j oins t he hunt , for you ment ioned Allah's Name
when sending your dog, but not t he ot her dog.) I said, ` I also use t he Mi` rad and cat ch game
wit h it .' He replied,
∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇ヤム⊥ プ∠ ベ
∠ ゴ∠ガプ∠ チ ͡ や∠ゲ∇バヨ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よろ ∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡»
«ヮ∇ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∀グΒ͡ホ∠ヱヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ チ
∃ ∇ゲバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠
(If t he game is hit by it s sharp edge, eat it , but if it is hit by it s broad side, do not eat it , for it
has been beat en t o deat h.) In anot her narrat ion, t he Prophet said,
マ
∠ ジ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ぶやユ∠ ∇シやゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プマ ∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ∠ ∇ヤシ ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ»
モ
∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮエ ⊥ よ∠ ∇クゅ∠プゅ６Β∠ェヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ∇キほ∠プ∠ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
«ヮ⊥ゎゅ∠ミク∠ ょ ͡ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャやグ∠ ∇カぺ∠ ラｚみ͡プ∠ ∩⊥ヮ∇ヤム⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠
(If you send your hunt ing dog, t hen ment ion Allah's Name and what ever it cat ches for you and
you find alive, slaught er it . If you cat ch t he game dead and t he dog did not eat from it , t hen
eat from it , for t he dog has caused it s slaught er t o be fulfilled.) In yet anot her narrat ion of t wo
Sahihs, t he Prophet said,
マ
∠ジ
∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ フ
⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩∇モミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ モ
∠ ミ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ »
«ヮ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴヤ∠ハ
(If t he dog eat s from t he game, do not eat from it for I fear t hat it has caught it as prey for
it self.)
Mention Allah's Name Upon Sending the Predators to Catch the

Game
Allah said,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ リ
∠ ∇ムジ
∠ ∇ョぺ∠ べｚヨ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ ぴ
∠
(so eat of what t hey cat ch for you, but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it ,) meaning, upon
sending it . The Prophet said t o ` Adi bin Hat im,
∩͡ぶやユ∠ ∇シやれ
∠ ∇ゲミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠ユヤｚバ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやマ
∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ヤシ
∠ ケ∠ ぺ∠ や∠クま͡»
«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ マ∠ジ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇モム⊥ プ∠
(When you send your t rained dog and ment ion Allah's Name, eat from what it cat ches for you.)
It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Tha` labah relat ed t hat t he Prophet said,
ろ
∠ ∇Βョ∠ ケ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶやユ∠ ∇シやゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プマ
∠ ら∠ ∇ヤミ∠ ろ
∠ ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ や∠クま͡»
«ぶやユ∠ ∇シやゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇クゅ∠プマ∠ ヨ͡ ∇ヰジ
∠ よ͡
(If you send your hunt ing dog, ment ion Allah's Name over it . If you shoot an arrow, ment ion
Allah's Name over it .) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやユ∠ ∇シや ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ
(but pronounce t he Name of Allah over it ,) "When you send a beast of prey, say, ` In t he Name
of Allah!' If you forget , t hen t here is no harm.'' It was also report ed t hat t his Ayah commands
ment ioning Allah's Name upon eat ing. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat t he Messenger of
Allah t aught his st epson ` Umar bin Abu Salamah saying,
«マΒ͡ヤΑ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇モミ⊥ ヱ∠ マ

∠ レ͡ Β͡ヨΒ∠ よ͡ ∇モミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぶ
∠ やユあシ
∠»
(Ment ion Allah's Name, eat wit h your right hand and eat from t he part of t he plat e t hat is in
front of you.) Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "They asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! Some
people, - recent ly convert ed from disbelief - bring us some meat s t hat we do not know if
Allah's Name was ment ioned over or not .' He replied,
«やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ぶ

∠ ややヲぁヨシ
∠»
(Ment ion Allah's Name on it and eat from it .)''
∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ∠ Α͡グャｚやュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠らΒあト
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ
ろ
⊥ ⇒∠レダ ∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚモｘェ ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚモ
ｘェ ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや
∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ ろ ⊥ ⇒∠レダ
∠ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱろ ͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡
ｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢へ∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや
ラ
∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グガ ͡ わｚョ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡エプ͡ ゅ∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レダ ͡ ∇エョ⊥
ヴ͡プヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ヨ∠ ハ ∠ テ ∠ ら͡ ェ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ リ ͡ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηゅ͡よ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ι ｘや
(5. Made lawful t o you t his day are At -Tayyibat . The food of t he People of t he Script ure is
lawful t o you, and your food is lawful t o t hem. (Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women
from t he believers and chast e women from t hose who were given t he Script ure before your
t ime when you have given t hem t heir due, desiring chast it y, not illegal sexual int ercourse, nor
t aking t hem as girlfriends (or lovers). And whosoever rej ect s fait h, t hen fruit less is his work;
and in t he Hereaft er he will be among t he losers.)
Permitting the Slaughtered Animals of the People of the Book

Aft er Allah ment ioned t he filt hy t hings t hat He prohibit ed for His believing servant s and t he
good t hings t hat He allowed for t hem, He said next ,
びろ
ｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ
͡ ぺ⊥ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやぴ
(Made lawful t o you t his day are At -Tayyibat .) Allah t hen ment ioned t he ruling concerning t he
slaught ered animals of t he People of t he Book, t he Jews and Christ ians,
び∇ユム⊥ ャｚモ
ｘェ
͡ ょ
∠ Α͡グャｚやュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(The food of t he People of t he Script ure is lawful t o you..) meaning, t heir slaught ered animals,
as Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Umamah, Muj ahid, Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` Ikrimah, ` At a', Al-Hasan, Makhul,
Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, As-Suddi and Muqat il bin Hayyan st at ed. This ruling, t hat t he slaught ered
animals of t he People of t he Book are permissible for Muslims, is agreed on by t he scholars,
because t he People of t he Book believe t hat slaught ering for ot her t han Allah is prohibit ed.
They ment ion Allah's Name upon slaught ering t heir animals, even t hough t hey have deviant
beliefs about Allah t hat do not befit His maj est y. It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat ` Abdullah bin
Mughaffal said, "While we were at t acking t he fort of Khaybar, a person t hrew a leat her bag
cont aining fat , and I ran t o t ake it and said, ` I will not give anyone anyt hing from t his
cont ainer t oday.' But when I t urned I saw t he Prophet (st anding behind) while smiling.'' The
scholars rely on t his Hadit h as evidence t hat we are allowed t o eat what we need of foods from
t he boot y before it is divided. The scholars of t he Hanafi, t he Shafi` i and t he Hanbali Madhhabs
rely on t his Hadit h t o allow eat ing part s of t he slaught ered animals of t he Jews t hat t hey
prohibit for t hemselves, such as t he fat . They used t his Hadit h as evidence against t he scholars
of t he Maliki Madhhab who disagreed wit h t his ruling. A bet t er proof is t he Hadit h recorded in
t he Sahih t hat t he people of Khaybar gave t he Prophet a gift of a roast ed leg of sheep, which
t hey poisoned. The Prophet used t o like eat ing t he leg of t he sheep and he t ook a bit e from it ,
but it t old t he Prophet t hat it was poisoned, so he discarded t hat bit e. The bit e t hat t he
Prophet t ook effect ed t he palat e of his mout h, while Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma` rur died from
eat ing from t hat sheep. The Prophet had t he Jewish woman, Zaynab, who poisoned t he sheep,
killed. Therefore, t he Prophet and his Companions want ed t o eat from t hat sheep and did not
ask t he Jews if t hey removed what t he Jews believed was prohibit ed for t hem, such as it s fat .
び∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚモ
ｘェ
͡ ∇ユム⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and your food is lawful t o t hem.) means, you are allowed t o feed t hem from your slaught ered
animals. Therefore, t his part of t he Ayah is not t o inform t he People of t he Script ures t hat t hey
are allowed t o eat our food -- unless we consider it informat ion for us about t he ruling t hat
t hey have -- i. e, t hat t hey are allowed all t ypes of foods over which Allah's Name was
ment ioned, whet her slaught ered according t o t heir religion or ot herwise. The first explanat ion
is more plausible. So it means: you are allowed t o feed t hem from your slaught ered animals
j ust as you are allowed t o eat from t heirs, as equal compensat ion and fair t reat ment . The
Prophet gave his robe t o ` Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, who was wrapped wit h it when he died.
They say t hat he did t hat because ` Abdullah had given his robe t o Al-` Abbas when Al-` Abbas
came t o Al-Madinah. As for t he Hadit h,
ゅｚャま͡ マ
∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠バデ
∠ ∇モミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ∇ょエ
∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
«ヶ͡ボゎ∠
(Do not befriend but a believer, nor should ot her t han a Taqi (pious person) eat your food.),
This is t o encourage such behavior, and Allah knows best .
The Permission to Marry Chaste Women From the People of the

Scriptures
Allah said,
びろ
͡ ⇒∠レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ろ
⊥ ⇒∠レダ
((Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women from t he believers) The Ayah st at es: you are
allowed t o marry free, chast e believing women. This Ayah is t alking about women who do not
commit fornicat ion, as evident by t he word ` chast e'. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
びラ
∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ れ
͡ や∠グガ
͡ わｚョ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ろ
∃ ⇒∠エヘ͡ ⇒∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ろ⇒∠レダ
∠ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ
(Desiring chast it y not commit t ing illegal sexual int ercourse, nor t aking t hem as boyfriends
(lovers).) 4:25 ` Abdullah Ibn ` Umar used t o advise against marrying Christ ian women saying,
"I do not know of a worse case of Shirk t han her saying t hat ` Isa is her lord, while Allah said,
びｚリョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚわェ

∠ ろ
͡ ⇒∠ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥エム͡ ∇レゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And do not marry idolat resses t ill t hey believe.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Malik Al-
Ghifari said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat when t his Ayah was revealed,

∠ ろ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And do not marry idolat resses t ill t hey believe,) t he people did not marry t he pagan women.
When t he following Ayah was revealed,
び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ

∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲゎ⊥ ヱ⊥ぺリ
∠ ョ͡ ろ
⊥ ⇒∠レダ
((Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women from t he believers and chast e women from
t hose who were given t he Script ure before your t ime) t hey married women from t he People of
t he Book. '' Some of t he Companions married Christ ian women and did not see any problem in
t his, relying on t he honorable Ayah,
び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ

∠ ョ͡ ろ
⊥ ⇒∠レダ
((Lawful t o you in marriage) are chast e women from t hose who were given t he Script ure before
your t ime) Therefore, t hey made t his Ayah an except ion t o t he Ayah in Surat Al-Baqarah,

∠ ろ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And do not marry t he idolat resses t ill t hey believe,) considering t he lat t er Ayah t o include t he
People of t he Book in it s general meaning. Ot herwise, t here is no cont radict ion here, since t he
People of t he Book were ment ioned alone when ment ioning t he rest of t he idolat ors. Allah
said,
ょ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ͡ ム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ぴ
びる⊥ レ∠ Βあら∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ Β∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほゎ∠ ヴわｚェ
∠ リ
∠ Βあムヘ∠ レ⊥ョリ
∠ Β͡ミゲ͡ ∇ゼヨ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(Those who disbelieve from among t he People of t he Script ure and t he idolat ors, were not
going t o leave (t heir disbelief) unt il t here came t o t hem clear evidence.) and,
∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠￢∠ リ

∠ ΒあΒョあ Ι
ｙや∠ヱょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあ ∇モホ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇やヱ∠ギわ∠ ∇ワやギ͡ ボ∠ プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠
(And say t o t hose who were given t he Script ure and t o t hose who are illit erat es: "Do you (also)
submit yourselves'' If t hey do, t hey are right ly guided.) Allah said next ,
びｚリワ⊥ ケ∠ ヲ⊥ィぺ⊥ リ
ｚワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢へ∠クま͡ぴ
(When you have given t hem t heir due), This refers t o t he Mahr, so j ust as t hese women are
chast e and honorable, t hen give t hem t heir Mahr wit h a good heart . We should ment ion here
t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah, ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Al-Hasan Al-Basri st at ed
t hat when a man marries a woman and she commit s illegal sexual int ercourse before t he
marriage is consummat ed, t he marriage is annulled. In t his case, she gives back t he Mahr t hat
he paid her. Allah said,
びラ
∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グガ
͡ わｚョ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ リ
∠ Β͡エプ͡ ゅ∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡レダ
͡ ∇エョ⊥ ぴ
(Desiring chast it y, not illegal sexual int ercourse, nor t aking t hem as girl-friends (or lovers).)
And j ust as women must be chast e and avoid illegal sexual act ivit y, such is t he case wit h men,
who must also be chast e and honorable. Therefore, Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡エプ͡ ゅ∠ジョ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ぴ
(...not illegal sexual int ercourse') as adult erous people do, t hose who do not avoid sin, nor
rej ect adult ery wit h whomever offers it t o t hem.
びラ
∃ や∠ギ∇カぺ∠ ン͡グガ
͡ わｚョ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(nor t aking t hem as girl-friends (or lovers),) meaning t hose who have mist resses and girlfriends
who commit illegal sexual int ercourse wit h t hem, as we ment ioned in t he explanat ion of Surat
An-Nisa'.
り͡ ヲヤｚダャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ペ͡ プ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲヤ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ビゅプ
ラ͡まヱ∠ ͡リΒ∠ら∇バ∠ム∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ シ ͡ ヱ⊥ぼゲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョや∠ヱ
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヰｚデｚゅ∠プゅ⇔ら⊥レィ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ
ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ テ ͡ も͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあユ⊥ム∇レョあギ∀ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠
ゅ⇔ らあΒデ
∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠ ￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べジ ∠ レあャや
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ∇レあョ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プ
∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあト
∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ァ ∃ ゲ∠ ェ∠ ∇リョあユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ モ ∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユｚわ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠
(6. O you who believe! When you st and (int end) t o offer t he Salah (t he prayer), t hen wash your
faces and your hands (forearms) up t o t he elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads,
and (wash) your feet up t o t he ankles. If you are in a st at e of Janaba, purify yourselves (bat he
your whole body). But if you are ill or on a j ourney or any of you comes from t he Gha'it (t oilet )
or you have t ouched women and you find no wat er, t hen perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h
and rub t herewit h your faces and hands. Allah does not want t o place you in difficult y, but He
want s t o purify you, and t o complet e His Favor t o you t hat you may be t hankful.)
The Order to PerformWud ®363

Allah said,
びり͡ ヲヤｚダャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ

(When you st and for (int end t o offer) t he Salah,) Allah commanded performing Wudu' for t he
prayer. This is a command of obligat ion in t he case of impurit y, and in t he case of purit y, it is
merely a recommendat ion. It was said t hat in t he beginning of Islam, Muslims had t o perform
Wudu' for every prayer, but lat er on, t his ruling was abrogat ed. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal
recorded t hat Sulayman bin Buraydah said t hat his fat her said, "The Prophet used t o perform
Wudu' before every prayer. On t he Day of Vict ory, he performed Wudu' and wiped on his Khuffs
and prayed t he five prayers wit h one Wudu'. ` Umar said t o him, ` O Messenger of Allah! You did
somet hing new t hat you never did before.' The Prophet said,
«ゲヨハゅΑ ヮわヤバプやギヨハヶルま»
(` I did t hat int ent ionally O ` Umar!)''' Muslim and t he collect ors of t he Sunan also recorded t his
Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said,"Hasan Sahih.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Al-Fadl bin Al-Mubashshir said, "I
saw Jabir bin ` Abdullah perform several prayers wit h only one Wudu'. When he would answer
t he call of nat ure, he performed Wudu' and wiped t he t op of his Khuffs wit h his wet hand. I
said, ` O Abu ` Abdullah! Do you do t his according t o your own opinion' He said, ` Rat her, I saw
t he Prophet do t he same t hing. So, I do what I saw t he Messenger of Allah doing.''' Ibn Maj ah
also recorded t his Hadit h. Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah bin ` Umar was
asked; "Did you see ` Abdullah bin ` Umar perform Wudu' for every prayer, whet her he was in a
st at e of purit y or not ,'' So he replied, "Asma' bint Zayd bin Al-Khat t ab t old him t hat ` Abdullah
bin Hanzalah bin Abi ` Amir Al-Ghasil t old her t hat t he Messenger of Allah was earlier
commanded t o perform Wudu' for every prayer, whet her he needed it or not . When t hat
became hard on him, he was commanded t o use Siwak for every prayer, and t o perform Wudu'
when Hadat h (impurit y) occurs. ` Abdullah (Ibn ` Umar) t hought t hat he was able t o do t hat
(perform Wudu' for every prayer) and he kept doing t hat unt il he died.'' Abu Dawud also
collect ed t his narrat ion. This pract ice by Ibn ` Umar demonst rat es t hat it is encouraged, not
obligat ory, t o perform Wudu' for every prayer, and t his is also t he opinion of t he maj orit y of
scholars. Abu Dawud recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Abbas said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah
once left t he area where he answered t he call of nat ure, he was brought somet hing t o eat .
They said, "Should we bring you your wat er for Wudu'' He said,
«りゅ∠ヤダ
ｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ろ
⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ ￢͡ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よれ
⊥ ∇ゲョ͡ ぺ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま»
(I was commanded t o perform Wudu' when I st and up for prayer.) At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i also
recorded t his Hadit h and At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' Muslim recorded t hat Ibn
` Abbas said, "We were wit h t he Prophet when he went t o answer t he call of nat ure and when
he came back, he was brought some food. He was asked, ` O Messenger of Allah! Do you want
t o perform Wudu'' He said,
«ほｚッヲ∠ ゎ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ヶ͡ヤタ

∠ ぺ⊥ぺ∠ ∨∠ユャ͡»
(` Why Am I about t o pray so t hat I have t o make Wudu'.)'''
The Intention and Mentioning Allah's Name for Wud ®363

Allah said;
び∇ユム⊥ ワ∠ ヲ⊥ィヱ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ヤジ

͡ ∇ビゅプぴ
(t hen wash your faces...) The obligat ion for t he int ent ion before Wudu' is proven by t his Ayah;

͡ ∇ビゅプり͡ ヲヤｚダャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ぴ
(When you st and (int end) t o offer t he Salah t hen wash your faces...) This is because it is j ust
like t he Arabs saying; "When you see t he leader, t hen st and.'' Meaning st and for him. And t he
Two Sahihs recorded t he Hadit h,
«ン∠ヲル∠ ゅ∠ョ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョやあモム⊥ ャ͡ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ヱ∠ れ

͡ ゅｚΒ⇒⇒あレャゅ͡よメ
⊥ ゅ∠ヨ∇ハほ∠∇ャや»
(Act ions are j udged by t heir int ent ions, and each person will earn what he int ended.) It is also
recommended before washing t he face t hat one ment ions Allah's Name for t he Wudu'. A Hadit h
t hat was narrat ed by several Companions st at es t hat t he Prophet said, n
«ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ぶ
͡ やユ∠ ∇シやゲ͡ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リヨ∠ ャ͡ ￢∠ ヲ∇ッヱ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»
(There is no Wudu' for he who does not ment ion Allah's Name over it .) It is also recommended
t hat one washes his hands before he put s his hands in t he vessel of wat er, especially aft er one
wakes up from sleep, for t he Two Sahihs recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of
Allah said,
ヶ͡プロ⊥ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モカ
͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲル∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ナ∠ ボ∠ ∇Βわ∠ ∇シやや∠クま͡»
ヵ͡ケ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∇ユミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ラｚみ͡プ∠ ∩ゅ⇔をゅ∠ヤを∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠ジ
͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ∠ ∇らホ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ルみ͡∇ャや
«ロ⊥ギ∠Α ∇ろゎ∠ ゅ∠よリ ∠ ∇Αぺ∠
(If one of you wakes up from his sleep, let him not put his hand in t he pot unt il he washes it
t hrice, for one of you does not know where his hand spent t he night .) The face according t o t he
scholars of Fiqh st art s where t he hair line on t he head st art s, regardless of one's lack or
abundance of hair, unt il t he end of t he cheeks and chin, and from ear t o ear.
Passing the Fingers through the Beard While Performing Wud ®363
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Wa'il said, "I saw ` Ut hman when he was performing Wudu'...
When he washed his face, he passed his fingers t hrough his beard t hree t imes. He said, ` I saw
t he Messenger of Allah do what you saw me doing.''' At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah also recorded
t his Hadit h. At -Tirmidhi said "Hasan Sahih.'' while Al-Bukhari graded it Hasan.
How to Perform Wud ®363

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas once performed Wudu' and t ook a handful of wat er and
rinsed his mout h and nose wit h it . He t ook anot her handful of wat er and j oined bot h hands and
washed his face. He t ook anot her handful of wat er and washed his right hand, and anot her
handful and washed his left hand wit h it . He next wiped his head. Next , he t ook a handful of
wat er and sprinkled it on his right foot and washed it and t ook anot her handful of wat er and
washed his left foot . When he finished, he said, "This is how I saw t he Messenger of Allah
(performing Wudu').'' Al-Bukhari also recorded it . Allah said,
びペ
͡ プ͡ や∠ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and your hands (forearms) up t o (Ila) t he elbows...) meaning, including t he elbows. Allah said
in anot her Ayah using Ila ,
ゅ⇔ よヲ⊥ェラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲΒ͡らミ∠
(And devour not t heir subst ance t o (Ila) your subst ance (by adding or including it in your
propert y). Surely, t his is a great sin.) It is recommended t hat t hose who perform Wudu' should
wash a part of t he upper arm wit h t he elbow. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu
Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇リョ͡ リ
∠ Β͡ヤイ
ｚエ∠ ョ⊥ や６ゲビ ⊥ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ラ∠ ∇ヲハ
∠ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ラｚま͡»
モ
∠ Β͡トΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ネ∠ ゅ∠トわ∠ ∇シやリ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ∩͡￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャやケ͡ ゅ∠をへ
«モ∠バ∇ヘΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ゎ∠ ｚゲビ
⊥
(On t he Day of Resurrect ion, my Ummah will be called "t hose wit h t he radiant appendages''
because of t he t races of Wudu'. Therefore, whoever can increase t he area of his radiance
should do so.) Muslim recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "I heard my int imat e friend (t he
Messenger ) saying,
«￢ヲ⊥ッヲ∠ ∇ャやヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らΑ∠ ゑ

⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ リ
͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ る⊥ Β∠ ∇ヤエ
͡ ∇ャやヒ⊥ ヤ⊥∇らゎ∠ »
(The radiance of t he believer reaches t he areas t hat t he wat er of (his) Wudu' reaches.)'' Allah
said next ,
び∇ユム⊥ シ
͡ ヱ⊥ぼゲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ
∠ ∇ョや∠ヱぴ
(Rub your heads.) It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Malik bin ` Amr bin Yahya Al-Mazini said
t hat his fat her said t hat a man said t o ` Abdullah bin Zayd bin ` Asim, t he grandfat her of ` Amr
bin Yahya and one of t he Companions of t he Messenger , "Can you show me how t he Messenger
of Allah used t o perform Wudu''' ` Abdullah bin Zayd said, "Yes.'' He t hen asked for a pot of
wat er. He poured from it on his hands and washed t hem t wice, t hen he rinsed his mout h and
washed his nose wit h wat er t hrice by put t ing wat er in it and blowing it out . He washed his
face t hrice and aft er t hat he washed his forearms up t o t he elbows t wice. He t hen passed his
wet hands over his head from it s front t o it s back and vice versa, beginning from t he front and
t aking t hem t o t he back of his head up t o t he nape of t he neck and t hen brought t hem t o t he
front again from where he had st art ed. He next washed his feet . A similar descript ion of t he
Wudu' of t he Messenger of Allah was performed by ` Ali in t he Hadit h by ` Abdu Khayr. Abu
Dawud recorded t hat Mu` awiyah and Al-Miqdad bin Ma` dikarib narrat ed similar descript ions of
t he Wudu' of t he Messenger of Allah . These Hadit hs indicat e t hat it is necessary t o wipe t he
ent ire head. ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Humran bin Aban said, "I saw ` Ut hman bin ` Affan
performing Wudu', and he poured wat er over his hands and washed t hem t hrice, and t hen
rinsed his mout h and washed his nose by put t ing wat er in it , and t hen blowing it out . Then he
washed his face t hrice, and t hen his right forearm up t o t he elbows t hrice, and washed t he left
forearm t hrice. Then he passed his wet hands over his head, t hen he washed his right foot
t hrice, and next his left foot t hrice. Aft er t hat ` Ut hman said, ` I saw t he Prophet performing
Wudu' like t his, and said,
ヴｚヤタ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡もヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇エル∠ ほ∠ッｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇リョ∠ »

ュ∠ ギｚボ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ビ
⊥ ∩⊥ヮ∠ジ∇ヘ∠ルゅ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プゐ
⊥ あギエ
∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャリ
͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠
«ヮ͡ら∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡
(If anyone performs Wudu' like t hat of mine and offers a t wo-Rak` ah prayer during which he
does not t hink of anyt hing else, t hen his past sins will be forgiven.)''' Al-Bukhari and Muslim also
recorded t his Hadit h in t he Two Sahihs. In his Sunan, Abu Dawud also recorded it from
` Ut hman, under t he descript ion of Wudu', and in it , t hat he wiped his head one t ime.
The Necessity of Washing the Feet

Allah said,
びリ
͡ Β∠ら∇バム∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ィ
⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and your feet up t o ankles.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas st at ed t hat t he Ayah
refers t o washing (t he feet ). ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud, ` Urwah, ` At a', ` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan,
Muj ahid, Ibrahim, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi, Muqat il bin Hayyan, Az-Zuhri and Ibrahim At -Taymi
said similarly. This clearly indicat es t he necessit y of washing t he feet , j ust as t he Salaf have
said, and not only wiping over t he t op of t he bare foot .
The Hadiths that Indicate the Necessity of Washing the Feet

We ment ioned t he Hadit hs by t he t wo Leaders of t he Fait hful, ` Ut hman and ` Ali, and also by
Ibn ` Abbas, Mu` awiyah, ` Abdullah bin Zayd bin ` Asim and Al-Miqdad bin Ma` dikarib, t hat t he
Messenger of Allah washed his feet for Wudu', eit her once, t wice or t hrice. It is recorded in t he
Two Sahihs t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "The Messenger of Allah was once lat e during a t rip
we were t aking, and he caught up wit h us when t he t ime remaining for t he ` Asr prayer was
short . We were st ill performing Wudu' (in a rush) and we were wiping our feet . He shout ed at
t he t op of his voice,
«ケゅｚレャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゆ
͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ハほ∠∇ヤャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ￢∠ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャややヲ⊥ピら͡ ∇シぺ∠»
(Perform Wudu' t horoughly. Save your heels from t he Fire.)'' The same narrat ion was also
collect ed in t he Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah. Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat t he
Prophet said,
∠ ョ͡ ゆ
͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ハほ∠∇ヤャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ￢∠ ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャややヲ⊥ピら͡ ∇シぺ∠»
(Perform Wudu' t horoughly. Save your heels from t he Fire.) ` Abdullah bin Al-Harit h bin Jaz' said
t hat he heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
∠ ョ͡ ュ͡ や∠ギ∇ホほ∠∇ャやラ
͡ ヲ⊥トよ⊥ ヱ∠ ゆ
͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ハほ∠∇ヤャ͡ ∀モ∇Α∠ヱ»
(Save your heels and t he bot t om of t he feet from t he Fire. ) It was recorded by Al-Bayhaqi and
Al-Hakim, and t his chain is Sahih. Muslim recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said t hat a man
once performed Wudu' and left a dry spot t he size of a fingernail on his foot . The Prophet saw
t hat and he said t o him,
«ポ∠￢ヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ ∇リジ
͡ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ノィ
͡ ∇ケや»
(Go back and perform proper Wudu'.) Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi also recorded t hat Anas bin
Malik said t hat a man came t o t he Prophet , aft er he performed Wudu' and left a dry spot t he
size of a fingernail on his foot . The Messenger of Allah said t o him,
«ポ∠￢ヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ ∇リジ
͡ ∇ェほ∠プ∠ ∇ノィ
͡ ∇ケや»
(Go back and perform proper Wudu'.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat some of t he wives of t he
Prophet said t hat t he Prophet saw a man praying, but not iced a dry spot on his foot , t he size of
a Dirham. The Messenger of Allah ordered t hat man t o perform Wudu' again. This Hadit h was
also collect ed by Abu Dawud from Baqiyyah, who added in his narrat ion, "And (t he Prophet
ordered him) t o repeat t he prayer.'' This Hadit h has a st rong, reasonably good chain of
narrat ors. Allah knows best .
The Necessity of Washing Between the Fingers
In t he Hadit h t hat Humran narrat ed, ` Ut hman washed bet ween his fingers when he was
describing t he Wudu' of t he Prophet . The collect ors of t he Sunan recorded t hat Laqit bin
Sabrah said, "I said, ` O Messenger of Allah! Tell me about Wudu'.' The Messenger replied,
ヶ͡プ ∇ヒャ͡ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩͡ノよ͡ ゅ∠タほ∠∇ャやリ

∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇モヤあカ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩∠￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャやヒ͡ ら͡ ∇シぺ∠»
«ゅ⇔ヨ͡もゅ∠タラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ベ
͡ ゅ∠ゼ∇レわ͡ ∇シゅ͡ャや
(Perform Wudu' t horoughly, wash bet ween t he fingers and exaggerat e in rinsing your nose,
unless you are fast ing.)''
Wiping Over the Khuffs is an Established Sunnah

Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Aws bin Abi Aws said, "I saw t he Messenger of Allah
perform Wudu' and wipe over his Khuffs. He t hen st ood up for prayer.'' Abu Dawud recorded
t his Hadit h by Aws bin Abi Aws, who said in t his narrat ion, "I saw t he Messenger of Allah , aft er
he answered t he call of nat ure, perform Wudu' and wipe over his Khuffs and feet .'' Imam
Ahmad recorded t hat Jarir bin ` Abdullah Al-Baj ali said, "I embraced Islam aft er Surat Al-Ma'idah
was revealed and I saw t he Messenger of Allah wipe aft er I became Muslim.'' It is recorded in
t he Two Sahihs t hat Hammam said, "Jarir answered t he call of nat ure and t hen performed
Wudu' and wiped over his Khuffs. He was asked, ` Do you do t his' He said, ` Yes. I saw t he
Messenger of Allah , aft er he answered t he call of nat ure, perform Wudu' and wipe on his
Khuffs.''' Al-A` mash comment ed t hat Ibrahim said, "They liked t his Hadit h because Jarir
embraced Islam aft er Surat Al-Ma'idah was revealed.'' This is t he wording collect ed by Muslim.
The subj ect of t he Messenger of Allah wiping over his Khuffs, inst ead of washing t he feet , if he
had worn his Khuffs while having Wudu', reaches t he Mut awat ir grade of narrat ion, and t hey
describe t his pract ice by his words and act ions.
Performing Tayammum with Clean earth When There is no Water

and When One is Ill
Allah said,
ギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゲ∃ ヘ∠ シ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヴ∠ッ∇ゲョｚユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
￢⇔ べ∠ョ ∇やヱ⊥ギイ ͡ ゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ ￢∠ べ∠ジレあャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ジヨ∠ ⇒∠ャ ∇ヱぺ∠ テ
͡ も͡ ゅ∠ピ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあユ⊥ム∇レョあ
∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ワ͡ ヲ⊥ィヲ⊥ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エジ ∠ ∇ョゅ∠プゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ や⇔ギΒ͡バタ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヨｚ Β∠ わ∠ プ∠
びヮ⊥ ∇レあョ
(But if you are ill or on a j ourney or any of you comes from t he Gha'it (t oilet ), or you have
t ouched women and you find no wat er, t hen perform Tayammum wit h clean eart h and rub
t herewit h your faces and hands.) We discussed all of t his in Surat An-Nisa', and t hus we do not
need t o repeat it here. We also ment ioned t he reason behind revealing t his Ayah. Yet , Al-
Bukhari ment ioned an honorable Hadit h here specifically about t he Tafsir of t his noble Ayah.
He recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Upon ret urning t o Al-Madinah, a necklace of mine was broken
(and lost ) in Al-Bayda' area. Allah's Messenger st ayed t here and went t o sleep wit h his head on
my lap. Abu Bakr (` A'ishah's fat her) came and hit me on my flank wit h his hand saying, ` You
have det ained t he people because of a necklace' So I wished I were dead because (I could not
move) t he Messenger was sleeping on my lap and because of t he pain Abu Bakr caused me.
Allah's Messenger got up when dawn broke and t here was no wat er. So Allah revealed,
り͡ ヲヤｚダャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヨホ⊥ や∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
͡ ∇ビゅプ
(O you who believe! When you st and (int end) t o offer As-Salah (t he prayer), t hen wash your
faces) iunt il t he end of t he Ayah. Usayd bin Al-Hudayr said, ` O t he family of Abu Bakr! Allah
has blessed t he people because of you. Therefore, you are only a blessing for t he people.'' Allah
said,
びァ
∃ ゲ∠ ェ
∠ ∇リョあユ⊥ム∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ
(Allah does not want t o place you in difficult y,) This is why He made t hings easy and lenient for
you. This is why He allowed you t o use Tayammum when you are ill and when you do not find
wat er, t o make t hings comfort able for you and as mercy for you. Allah made Tayammum in
place of Wudu', and Allah made it t he same as ablut ion wit h wat er for t he one who it is
legit imat e for, except for cert ain t hings, as we ment ioned before. For example; Tayammum
only involves one st rike wit h t he hand on t he sand and wiping t he face and hands. Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ユｚわ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあト
∠ Β⊥ ャ͡ ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠
(but He want s t o purify you, and t o complet e His favor on you t hat you may be t hankful.) for
His bount ies on you, such as His easy, kind, merciful, comfort able and lenient legislat ion.
Supplicating to Allah after Wud ®363

The Sunnah encourages supplicat ing t o Allah aft er Wudu' and st at es t hat t hose who do so are
among t hose who seek t o purify t hemselves, as t he Ayah above st at es. Imam Ahmad, Muslim
and t he collect ors of Sunan narrat ed t hat ` Uqbah bin ` Amir said, "We were on wat ch, guarding
camels, and when my t urn t o guard came, I t ook t he camels back at night . I found t hat t he
Messenger of Allah was giving a speech t o t he people. I heard t hese words from t hat speech:
ュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥ロ￢ヲ⊥ッヱ⊥ リ ⊥ジ ͡ ∇エΒ⊥ プ∠ ほ⊥ッ

ｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
ゅｚャま͡ ∩͡ヮヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ら͡ ∇ヤボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ⇔ヤら∇ボョ⊥ リ͡ ∇Βわ∠ バ∠ ∇ミケ∠ ヶあヤダ ∠ Β⊥ プ∠
«るｚレイ ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠
(Any Muslim who performs Wudu' properly, t hen st ands up and prays a t wo Rak'ah prayer wit h
full at t ent ion in his heart and face, will earn Paradise.) I said, ` What a good st at ement t his is!'
A person who was close by said, ` The st at ement he said before it is even bet t er.' When I
looked, I found t hat it was ` Umar, who said, ` I saw t hat you j ust came. The Prophet said,
ヒ⊥ ら͡ ∇ジΒ⊥ プ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヒ⊥ ヤ͡∇らΒ⊥ プ∠ ほ⊥ッ

ｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ギ∃ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
ラｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ぶ ⊥ やゅｚャま͡ ヮ∠ ャ∠ま͡ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラぺ∠ ギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∩∠￢ヲ⊥ッヲ⊥ ∇ャや
る͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやゆ ⊥ や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろエ ∠ わ͡ プ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ∩⊥ヮャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ロ⊥ ギ⊥ ∇らハ
∠ や⇔ギヨｚエ∠ ョ⊥
«￢ゅ∠セゅ∠ヰΑあぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ ⊥カ⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ∩͡るΒ∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ヨんｚャや
(When any of you performs Wudu' properly and says, ` I bear wit ness t hat t here is no deit y
wort hy of worship except Allah and t hat Muhammad is His servant and Messenger', t he eight
doors of Paradise will be opened for him so t hat he can ent er from any door he wishes.)'' This is
t he wording collect ed by Muslim.
The Virtue of Wud ®363

Malik recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
モ
∠ジ ∠ ピ∠ プ∠ リ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやヱ͡ ぺ∠ ユ⊥ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャやほ∠ッｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ や∠クま͡»
ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ゲ∠ ヌ
∠ ル∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ
∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∩͡ヮヰ͡ ∇ィヱ∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ
∠ ∩⊥ヮヰ∠ ∇ィヱ∠
や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやゲ͡ ∇トホ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へノ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βレ∠ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡
ゅ∠ヰ∇わゼ∠ト ∠ よ∠ る∃ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ ∇リョ͡ ァ ∠ ゲ∠ カ ∠ ヮ͡ Α∠ギΑ∠ モ∠ジ∠ビ ∠
モ∠ジ ∠ビ ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやゲ͡ ∇トホ∠ ゲ͡ カ
͡ へノ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠
ノ∠ ョ∠ ロ⊥ ゅ∠ヤ∇ィケ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇わゼ ∠ ョ∠ る∃ ゃΒ͡トカ ∠ ぁモミ⊥ ∇ろィ ∠ ゲ∠ カ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠∇ィケ͡
ゅ６Βボ͡ ル∠ ァ
∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴわｚェ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやゲ͡ ∇トホ∠ ゲ͡ カ ͡ へノ∠ ョ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや
«ゆヲ⊥ルグぁャやリ ∠ ョ͡
(When t he Muslim or t he believing servant performs Wudu' and washes his face, every sin t hat
he looked at wit h his eyes will depart from his face wit h t he wat er, or wit h t he last drop of
wat er. When he washes his hands, every sin t hat his hands commit t ed will depart from his
hands wit h t he wat er, or wit h t he last drop of wat er. When he washes his feet , every sin t o
which his feet t ook him will depart wit h t he wat er, or wit h t he last drop of wat er. Unt il, he
ends up sinless.) Muslim also recorded it . Muslim recorded t hat Abu Malik Al-Ash` ari said t hat
ほ⊥ヤ∠∇ヨゎ∠ ぶ ͡ ギ⊥ ∇ヨエ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩͡ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャやゲ⊥ ∇トセ ∠ ケヲ⊥ヰトぁャや»

リ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョほ⊥ヤ∠∇ヨゎ∠ ゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ ⊥ や∠ヱぶ ͡ やラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∠ラや∠ゴΒ͡ヨ∇ャや
ゲ⊥ ∇らダｚャや∠ヱ ∩∀るレｚィ ⊥ ュ⊥ ∇ヲｚダャや∠ヱ ∩͡チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ ͡￢ゅ∠ヨジｚャや
∇ヱぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ∠ ∀るイｚェ ⊥ ラ ⊥ へ∇ゲボ⊥ ャや∠ヱ ∩∀ラゅ∠ワ∇ゲよ⊥ る⊥ ホ∠ ギ∠ ダャや∠ヱ ∩∀￢ゅ∠Βッ ͡
∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ わ͡ ∇バヨ⊥ プ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ ∀ノ͡もゅ∠ら∠プ ∩ヱ⊥ギ∇ピΑ∠ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやモぁミ⊥ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
«ゅ∠ヰボ⊥ よ͡ ヲ⊥ョ
(Purit y is half of fait h and Al-Hamdu Lillah (all t he t hanks are due t o Allah) fills t he Mizan (t he
Scale). And Subhan Allah and Allahu Akbar (all praise is due t o Allah, and Allah is t he Most
Great ) fills what is bet ween t he heaven and eart h. As-Sawm (t he fast ) is a Junnah (a shield),
Sabr (pat ience) is a light , Sadaqah (charit y) is evidence (of fait h) and t he Qur'an is proof for, or
against you. Every person goes out in t he morning and ends up selling himself, he eit her frees
his soul or dest roys it .) Muslim recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ
∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ∩∃メヲ⊥ヤビ
⊥ ∇リョ͡ る⇔ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ぶ
⊥ やモ
⊥ ら∠ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
«ケヲ⊥ヰデ ⊥
(Allah does not accept charit y from one who commit s Ghulul, or prayer wit hout purit y.)
ユ⊥ムボ∠ を∠ や∠ヱン͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ
∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱゅ∠レ∇バデ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡
∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやべ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Α - ケ͡ ヱ⊥ギダぁャやれ ͡ や∠グよ͡
ラ⊥ べ∠レセ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ
⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャリ ∠ Β͡ョやｚヲホ∠
ン∠ヲ∇ボわｚヤャ͡ ゆ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハや ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι ｚぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ
り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠
∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやべ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Α - ユ͡ Β͡エイ ∠ ∇ャやょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥
∇やヲ⊥トジ ⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホユｚワ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや
ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブｚム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ
͡ ミｚヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(7. And remember Allah's favor t o you and His covenant wit h which He bound you when you
said: "We hear and we obey.'' And have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is All-Knower of t hat which
is in t he breast s.) (8. O you who believe! St and out firmly for Allah as j ust wit nesses; and let
not t he enmit y and hat red of ot hers make you avoid j ust ice. Be j ust , t hat is nearer t o Taqwa;
and have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is Well-Acquaint ed wit h what you do.) (9. Allah has
promised t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, t hat for t hem t here is forgiveness
and a great reward (i.e. Paradise).) (10. And t hey who disbelieve and deny Our Ayat are t hose
who will be t he dwellers of t he Hell-fire.) (11. O you who believe! Remember t he favor of Allah
unt o you when some people desired (made a plan) t o st ret ch out t heir hands against you, but
(Allah) held back t heir hands from you. So have Taqwa of Allah. And in Allah let t he believers
put t heir t rust .)
Reminding the Believers of the Bounty of the Message and Islam

Allah reminds His believing servant s of His bount y by legislat ing t his glorious religion and
sending t hem t his honorable Messenger. He also reminds t hem of t he covenant and pledges
t hat He t ook from t hem t o follow t he Messenger , support and aid him, implement his Law and
convey it on his behalf, while accept ing it t hemselves. Allah said,
ユ⊥ムボ∠ を∠ や∠ヱン͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ∠ボ⇒∠んΒ͡ョ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや∠ヱぴ
びゅ∠レ∇バデ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇バヨ͡ シ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇クま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡
(And remember Allah's favor upon you and His covenant wit h which He bound you when you
said, "We hear and we obey.") This is t he pledge t hat t hey used t o give t o t he Messenger of
Allah when t hey embraced Islam. They used t o say, "We gave our pledge of obedience t o t he
Messenger of Allah t o hear and obey, in t imes when we are act ive and ot herwise, even if we
were passed on for right s, and not t o disput e leadership wit h it s right ful people.'' Allah also
said,
∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡ま ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョグ∠ カ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よあゲ∠ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ ャ͡
び
(And what is t he mat t er wit h you t hat you believe not in Allah! While t he Messenger invit es you
t o believe in your Lord; and He has indeed t aken your covenant , if you are real believers.) It
was also said t hat t his Ayah (5:7) reminds t he Jews of t he pledges and promises Allah t ook from
t hem t o follow Muhammad and adhere t o his Law, as ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn
` Abbas st at ed. Allah t hen said,

(And have Taqwa of Allah.) in all t imes and sit uat ions. Allah says t hat He knows t he secret s and
t hought s t hat t he heart s conceal,
ぁャやれ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah is All-Knower of t he secret s of (your) breast s.)
The Necessity of Observing Justice

Allah said,
∠ Β͡ョやｚヲホ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ミ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやべ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
(O you who believe! St and out firmly for Allah...) meaning, in t rut h for t he sake of Allah, not
for t he sake of people or for fame,
びテ
͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ
⊥ぴ
(as j ust wit nesses) observing j ust ice and not t ransgression. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat
An-Nu` man bin Bashir said, "My fat her gave me a gift , but ` Amrah bint Rawahah, my mot her,
said t hat she would not agree t o it unless he made Allah's Messenger as a wit ness t o it . So, my
fat her went t o Allah's Messenger t o ask him t o be a wit ness t o his giving me t he gift . Allah's
Messenger asked,
«∨ヮヤんョろヤエルポギャヱモミぺ»

(` Have you given t he like of it t o everyone of your offspring') He replied in t he negat ive. Allah's
Messenger said,
«ユ⊥ミキ͡ ゅ∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ ヶ͡プやヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハや∠ヱぶ

∠ ややヲ⊥ボゎｚや»
(Have Taqwa of Allah and t reat your children equally.) And said;
«ケ∇ヲィ
∠ ヴヤ∠ハギ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇セぺ∠ ゅ∠ャヶあルま͡»
(I shall not be wit ness t o inj ust ice.) My fat her t hen ret urned and t ook back his gift .'' Allah said;
び∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バゎ∠ Ι
∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ラ
⊥ べ∠レセ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚョ∠ ゲ͡ ∇イΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and let not t he enmit y and hat red of ot hers make you avoid j ust ice. ) The Ayah commands: Do
not be carried away by your hat red for some people t o avoid observing j ust ice wit h t hem.
Rat her, be j ust wit h every one, whet her a friend or an enemy. This is why Allah said,
びン∠ヲ∇ボわｚヤ͡ャゆ
⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇ハやぴ
(Be j ust : t hat is nearer t o Taqwa) t his is bet t er t han if you abandon j ust ice in t his case.
Alt hough Allah said t hat observing j ust ice is ` nearer t o Taqwa', t here is not any ot her course of
act ion t o t ake, t herefore ` nearer' here means ` is'. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
リ
⊥ジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カグ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやょ
⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ
びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠
(The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairer of places
for repose.) Some of t he female Companions said t o ` Umar, "You are more rough and crude
t han t he Messenger of Allah ,'' meaning, you are rough, not t hat t he Prophet is rough at all.
Allah said next ,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡らカ

ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(and have Taqwa of Allah. Verily, Allah is WellAcquaint ed wit h what you do.) and
consequent ly, He will reward or punish you according t o your act ions, whet her good or evil.
Hence Allah's st at ement aft erwards,
ユ⊥ヰャ∠ ろ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ∠ ハ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びり∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚ
(Allah has promised t hose who believe and do deeds of right eousness, t hat for t hem t here is
forgiveness) for t heir sins,
び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and a great reward.) which is Paradise, t hat is part of Allah's mercy for His servant s. They will
not earn Paradise on account of t heir good act ions, but rat her on account of His mercy and
favor, even t hough t hey will qualify t o earn t his mercy on account of t heir good act ions. Allah
has made t hese act ions t he cause and pat h t hat lead t o His mercy, favor, pardon and
accept ance. Therefore, all t his is from Allah Alone and all t hanks are due t o Him. Allah said
next ,
ょ
⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
びユ͡ Β͡エイ
∠ ∇ャや
(And t hey who disbelieve and deny our Ayat are t hose who will be t he dwellers of t he Hell-
fire.) This only demonst rat es Allah's perfect j ust ice, wisdom and j udgment , He is never wrong,
for He is t he Most Wise, Most Just and Most Able.
Among Allah's Favors is that He Prevented the Disbelievers from
Fighting the Muslims
Allah said,
∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやべ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ブｚム∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥トジ
⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホユｚワ∠
び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ハ
(O you who believe! Remember t he favor of Allah unt o you when some people desired (made a
plan) t o st ret ch out t heir hands against you, but (Allah) wit hheld t heir hands from you.)
` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Jabir said, "The Prophet once st ayed at an area and t he people
spread out seeking shade under various t rees. The Prophet hung his weapon on a t ree, and a
bedouin man came and t ook possession of t he Prophet 's weapon and held it aloft . He came
t owards t he Prophet and said, ` Who can prot ect you from me' He replied, ` Allah, t he Exalt ed,
Most Honored.' The bedouin man repeat ed his quest ion t wice or t hrice, each t ime t he Prophet
answering him by saying, ` Allah.' The bedouin man t hen lowered t he sword, and t he Prophet
called his Companions and t old t hem what had happened while t he bedouin was sit t ing next t o
him, for t he Prophet did not punish him.' Ma` mar said t hat Qat adah used t o ment ion t hat some
Arabs want ed t o have t he Prophet killed, so t hey sent t hat bedouin. Qat adah would t hen
ment ion t his Ayah,
∇やヲ⊥トジ
⊥ ∇らΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホユｚワ∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
(Remember t he favor of Allah unt o you when some people desired (made a plan) t o st ret ch out
t heir hands against you...) The st ory of t his bedouin man, whose name is Ghawrat h bin Al-
Harit h, is ment ioned in t he Sahih. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar, Muj ahid and ` Ikrimah said
t hat t his Ayah was revealed about Bani An-Nadir, who plot t ed t o drop a st one on t he head of
t he Messenger when he came t o t hem for help t o pay t he blood money of t wo persons whom
Muslims killed. The Jews left t he execut ion of t his plot t o ` Amr bin Jihash bin Ka` b and
ordered him t o t hrow a st one on t he Prophet from above, when he came t o t hem and sat under
t he wall. Allah t old His Prophet about t heir plot , and he went back t o Al-Madinah and his
Companions followed him lat er on. Allah sent down t his Ayah concerning t his mat t er. Allah's
st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやモ
͡ ミｚヲ∠ わ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ
(And in Allah let t he believers put t heir t rust .) and t hose who do so, t hen Allah shall suffice for
t hem and shall prot ect t hem from t he evil plot s of t he people. Thereaft er, Allah commanded
His Messenger t o expel Bani An-Nadir, and he laid siege t o t heir area and forced t hem t o
evacuat e Al-Madinah.
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ͡ョゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ペ ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやグ∠ カ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨホ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ゅ⇔らΒ͡ボル∠ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇をや
ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚャや ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャや
ゅ⇔レ∠ジェ ∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ケゴｚハ ∠ ヱ∠
ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚヤ∠カ
͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ラｚ ∠ゲヘあ ∠ミΕ ⊥
∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョ
∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレバ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒあョユ͡ヰツ ͡ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ - モ ͡ Β͡らジｚャや￢∠ へ∠ヲシ ∠ モｚッ ∠
リ∠ハユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥プあゲエ ∠ Α⊥ る⇔ Β∠ シ͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠
メ ⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあゅｚヌェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ッ ͡ ヲ∠ ョｚ
ブ ⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レあョ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ Ι ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョある∃ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ノ⊥ ヤ͡トｚゎ∠
リ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡レジ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇ウヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠
ゅ⇔ヌ∂ェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジレ∠ プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ンゲ∠ ⇒∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ヨ͡よヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Α⊥ フ ∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヱ∠ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠
(12. Indeed, Allah t ook t he covenant from t he Children of Israel (Jews), and We appoint ed
t welve leaders among t hem. And Allah said: "I am wit h you if you perform t he Salah and give
t he Zakah and believe in My Messengers; honor and assist t hem, and lend t o Allah a good loan,
verily, I will remit your sins and admit you t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise). But
if any of you aft er t his, disbelieved, he has indeed gone ast ray from t he st raight way.'') (13. So,
because of t heir breach of t heir covenant , We cursed t hem and made t heir heart s grow hard.
They changed t he words from t heir (right ) places and have abandoned a good part of t he
Message t hat was sent t o t hem. And you will not cease t o discover deceit in t hem, except a few
of t hem. But forgive t hem and overlook (t heir misdeeds). Verily, Allah loves t he doers of good.)
(14. And from t hose who call t hemselves Christ ians, We t ook t heir covenant , but t hey have
abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem. So We plant ed amongst t hem
enmit y and hat red t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion; and Allah will inform t hem of what t hey used t o
do.)
Cursing the People of the Book for Breaking the Covenant

Allah commanded His believing servant s t o fullfil t he promises and pledges t hat He t ook from
t hem and which t hey gave His servant and Messenger, Muhammad, peace be upon him. Allah
also commanded t hem t o st and for t he t rut h and give correct t est imony. He also reminded
t hem of t he obvious and subt le favors of t he t rut h and guidance t hat He grant ed t hem. Next ,
Allah informed t hem of t he pledges and promises t hat He t ook from t he People of t he Book,
who were before t hem, t he Jews and Christ ians. When t hey broke t hese promises and
covenant s, Allah cursed t hem as a consequence and expelled t hem from His grace and mercy.
He also sealed t heir heart s from receiving guidance and t he religion of t rut h, beneficial
knowledge and right eous act ions. Allah said,
ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ͡ョゅ∠レ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ モ
∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ペ
∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやグ∠ カ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔らΒ͡ボル∠ ゲ∠ ゼ
∠ハ ∠ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇をや
(Indeed Allah t ook t he covenant from t he Children of Israel and We appoint ed t welve leaders
among t hem.) These t welve people were leaders who gave t he pledge t o Allah t o list en and
obey Allah, His Messenger and His Book on behalf of t heir t ribes. Muhammad bin Ishaq and Ibn
` Abbas said t hat t his occurred when Musa went t o fight t he might y enemy (in Palest ine), and
Allah commanded him t o choose a leader from every t ribe.
The Leaders of Ansar on the Night of ` Aqabah

Likewise, when t he Messenger of Allah t ook t he pledge from t he Ansar in t he ` Aqabah area,
t here were t welve leaders from t he Ansar. There were t hree men from t he t ribe of Aws: Usayd
bin Al-Hudayr, Sa` d bin Khayt hamah and Rifa` ah bin ` Abdul-Mundhir, or Abu Al-Hayt ham bin
At -Tayhan. There were nine people from t he t ribe of Khazraj : Abu Umamah As` ad bin Zurarah,
Sa` d bin Ar-Rabi` , ` Abdullah bin Rawahah, Rafi` bin Malik bin Al-` Aj lan, Al-Bara' bin Ma` rur,
` Ubadah bin As-Samit , Sa` d bin ` Ubadah, ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Haram and Al-Mundhir bin
` Umar bin Khunays. Ka` b bin Malik ment ioned t hese men in his poem, as recorded by Ibn
Ishaq.On t hat night , t hese men were t he leaders or represent at ives of t heir t ribes by t he
command of t he Prophet . They gave t he pledge and promise of allegiance and obedience t o
t he Prophet on behalf of t heir people. Allah said,
び∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ

∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
(And Allah said, "I am wit h you...) wit h My prot ect ion, support and aid,
∇ユわ⊥ レ∠ョや∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚャや ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヨホ∠ ぺ∠ ∇リゃ͡ ャ∠ぴ
びヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ゲ⊥ よ͡
(if you perform t he Salah and give t he Zakah and believe in My Messengers;) concerning what
t hey bring you of t he revelat ion,
び∇ユワ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨゎ⊥ ∇ケゴｚハ

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(honor and assist t hem...) and support t hem on t he t rut h,
びゅ⇔レ∠ジェ
∠ ゅ⇔ッ∇ゲホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ッゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and lend t o Allah a good loan...) by spending in His cause, seeking t o please Him.
び∇ユム⊥ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ラ
ｚ ∠ゲヘあ ∠ミΕ
⊥ぴ
(verily, I will remit your sins) and errors, I will erase t hem, cover t hem, and will not punish you
for t hem,
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ
∃ ⇒ｚレィ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ レｚヤ∠カ
͡ ∇キΕ∠ヱぴ
(and admit you t o Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise).) t hus, prot ect ing you from
what you fear and grant ing you what you seek.
Breaking the Covenant

Allah said,
びモ
͡ Β͡らジ
ｚャや￢∠ へ∠ヲシ
∠ モ
ｚッ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(But if any of you aft er t his, disbelieved, he has indeed gone ast ray from t he st raight way.)
Therefore, t hose who break t his covenant , even t hough t hey pledged and vowed t o keep it ,
yet , t hey broke it and denied it ever exist ed, t hey have avoided t he clear pat h and deviat ed
from t he pat h of guidance t o t he pat h of misguidance. Allah t hen ment ioned t he punishment
t hat befell t hose who broke His covenant and t he pledge t hey gave Him,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒ｚレバ∠ャ ∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒあョユ͡ヰツ
͡ ∇ボル∠ ゅ∠ヨら͡ プ∠ ぴ
(So because of t heir breach of t heir covenant , We cursed t hem...) Allah st at es, because of
t heir breaking t he promise t hat We t ook from t hem, We cursed t hem, deviat ed t hem away
from t he t rut h, and expelled t hem from guidance,
びる⇔ Β∠ シ
͡ ゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and made t heir heart s grow hard...) and t hey do not heed any word of advice t hat t hey hear,
because of t he hardness of t heir heart s.
びヮ͡ バ͡ ッ
͡ や∠ヲョｚリ∠ハユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャやラ
∠ Α⊥ ぴ
(They change t he words from t heir (right ) places...) Since t heir comprehension became
corrupt , t hey behaved t reacherously wit h Allah's Ayat , alt ering His Book from it s apparent
meanings which He sent down, and dist ort ing it s indicat ions. They at t ribut ed t o Allah what He
did not say, and we seek refuge wit h Allah from such behavior.
びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあゅｚヌェ

∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and have abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem.) by not implement ing
it and by ignoring it . Allah said next ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョある∃ レ∠ も͡ べ∠カヴ∠ヤハ

∠ ノ⊥ ヤ͡ト
ｚゎ∠ メ
⊥ や∠ゴゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And you will not cease t o discover deceit in t hem,) such as t heir plot s and t reachery against
you, O Muhammad, and your Companions. Muj ahid said t hat t his Ayah refers t o t heir plot t o kill
t he Messenger of Allah .
び∇ウヘ∠ ∇タや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ

∠ ブ
⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プぴ
(But forgive t hem, and overlook (t heir misdeeds).) This, indeed, is t he ult imat e vict ory and
t riumph. Some of t he Salaf said, "You would never t reat t hose who disobey Allah wit h you
bet t er t han obeying Allah wit h t hem.'' This way, t heir heart s will gat her around t he t rut h and
Allah might lead t hem t o t he right guidance. This is why Allah said,
びリ
∠ Β͡レジ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah loves t he doers of good.) Therefore, forgive t hose who err against you. Qat adah
said t hat t his Ayah was abrogat ed wit h Allah's st at ement ,
びゲ͡ カ
͡Ιｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ͡ ⇒∠ホぴ
(Fight against t hose who believe not in Allah, nor in t he Last Day).
The Christians Also Broke their Covenant with Allah and the
Repercussion of this Behavior
Allah said,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョゅ∠ル∇グカ

∠ ぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ
∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And from t hose who call t hemselves Christ ians, We t ook t heir covenant ,) Meaning: ` From
t hose who call t hemselves Christ ians and followers of ` Isa, son of Maryam, while in fact t hey
are not as t hey claim. We t ook from t hem t he covenant and pledges t hat t hey would follow t he
Prophet , aid him, honor him and follow his foot st eps.' And t hat t hey would believe in every
Prophet whom Allah sends t o t he people of t he eart h. They imit at ed t he Jews and broke t he
promises and t he pledges. This is why Allah said,
り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Αゲ∠ ∇ビほ∠プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ͡ ク⊥ ゅｚヨョあゅ⇔ヌ ∂ェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ジレ∠ プ∠ ぴ

びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(but t hey have abandoned a good part of t he Message t hat was sent t o t hem. So We plant ed
amongst t hem enmit y and hat red t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion;) Meaning: ` We plant ed enmit y
and hat red bet ween t hem, and t hey will remain like t his unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.' Indeed,
t he numerous Christ ian sect s have always been enemies and adversaries of each ot her,
accusing each ot her of heresy and cursing each ot her. Each sect among t hem excommunicat es
t he ot her sect s and does not allow t hem ent rance t o t heir places of worship. The Monarchist
sect accuses t he Jacobit e sect of heresy, and such is t he case wit h t he Nest orians and t he
Arians. Each sect among t hem will cont inue t o accuse t he ot her of disbelief and heresy in t his
life and on t he Day when t he Wit nesses will come fort h. Allah t hen said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Α⊥ フ
∠ ∇ヲシ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and Allah will inform t hem of what t hey used t o do.) warning and t hreat ening t he Christ ians
because of t heir lies against Allah and His Messenger and t heir false claims about Allah,
hallowed be He above what t hey say about Him. The Christ ians at t ribut e a companion and a
son t o Allah, while He is t he One and Only, t he All-Sufficient , Who neit her beget s nor was He
begot t en, and t here is none like unt o Him.
や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ

∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
∇ギホ∠ ゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅｚヨョあ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ょ⇒∠わミ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ルヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ
リ͡ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ユ͡ ⇒ヤ∠ジｚャやモ
∠ ら⊥ シ⊥ ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ ͡ ョ∠
ヅ∃ ゲ∠ タ ͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャやヴ∠ャま͡ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌぁャや
びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ
(15. O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger explaining t o you much of
t hat which you used t o hide from t he Script ure and passing over much. Indeed, t here has come
t o you from Allah a light and a plain Book.) (16. Wherewit h Allah guides all t hose who seek His
Pleasure t o ways of peace, and He brings t hem out of darkness by His permission unt o light and
guides t hem t o a st raight pat h.)
Explaining the Truth Through the Messenger and the Qur'an

Allah st at es t hat He sent His Messenger Muhammad wit h t he guidance and t he religion of t rut h
t o all t he people of t he eart h, t he Arabs and non-Arabs, let t ered and unlet t ered. Allah also
st at es t hat He sent Muhammad wit h clear evidences and t he dist inct ion bet ween t rut h and
falsehood. Allah said,
や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ
⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ
びゲ∃ Β͡んミ∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ∇バΑ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅｚヨョあ
(O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger explaining t o you much of t hat
which you used t o hide from t he Script ure and passing over much.) So t he Prophet explained
where t hey alt ered, dist ort ed, changed and lied about Allah. He also ignored much of what
t hey changed, since it would not bring about any benefit if it was explained. In his Must adrak,
Al-Hakim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "He who disbelieves in st oning (t he adult erer t o deat h)
will have inadvert ent ly disbelieved in t he Qur'an, for Allah said,
や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ
⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ
びょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅｚヨョあ
(O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger explaining t o you much of t hat
which you used t o hide from t he Script ure) and st oning was among t he t hings t hat t hey used t o
hide.'' Al-Hakim said, "It s chain is Sahih, and t hey did not record it .'' Allah next ment ions t he
Glorious Qur'an t hat He sent down t o His honorable Prophet ,
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ギ∇ヰΒ∠ ∀レΒ͡らョぁ ∀ょ⇒∠わミ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ケヲル⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョあ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ

びユ͡ ⇒∠ヤジ
ｚャやモ
∠ ら⊥ シ
⊥ ヮ⊥ ル∠ や∠ヲ∇ッケ͡ ノ∠ ら∠ ゎｚやリ͡ ョ∠
(Indeed, t here has come t o you from Allah a light and a plain Book. Wherewit h Allah guides all
t hose who seek His pleasure t o ways of peace.) meaning, ways of safet y and right eousness,
ヮ͡ ル͡ ∇クみ͡よ͡ ケ͡ ヲぁレャやヴ∠ャま͡ ろ͡ ⇒∠ヨヤ⊥ヌぁャやリ ͡ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ

⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
びユ∃ Β͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁヅ
∃ ゲ∠ タ
͡ ヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヱ∠
(and He brings t hem out of darkness by His permission unt o light and guides t hem t o a st raight
pat h.) He t hus saves t hem from dest ruct ion and explains t o t hem t he best , most clear pat h.
Therefore, He prot ect s t hem from what t hey fear, and brings about t he best of what t hey long
for, all t he while ridding t hem of misguidance and direct ing t hem t o t he best , most right eous
st at e of being.
リ⊥ ∇よやウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャべ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ

ラ∠ぺキ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ マ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠
チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プリ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よやウ ∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやマ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥
ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅョ∠ ヱ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやマ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠
- ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャや￢⊥ ゅ∠レ∇よぺ∠ リ ⊥ ∇エル∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚャや∠ヱキ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャやろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠
ゲ∀ ゼ∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇モよ∠ ユ⊥ムよ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ムよ⊥ グあバ∠ Α⊥ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅｚらェ
͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ペ ∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ∇リヨｚョ͡
ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやマ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥
びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャや
(17. Surely, in disbelief are t hey who say t hat Allah is t he Messiah, son of Maryam. Say: "Who
t hen has t he least power against Allah, if He were t o dest roy t he Messiah, son of Maryam, his
mot her, and all t hose who are on t he eart h t oget her'' And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he
heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem. He creat es what He wills. And Allah is
able t o do all t hings.) (18. And t he Jews and t he Christ ians say: "We are t he children of Allah
and His loved ones.'' Say: "Why t hen does He punish you for your sins'' Nay, you are but human
beings of t hose He has creat ed, He forgives whom He wills and He punishes whom He wills. And
t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem; and
t o Him is t he ret urn (of all).) e
The Polytheism and Disbelief of the Christians

Allah st at es t hat t he Christ ians are disbelievers because of t heir claim t hat ` Isa, son of
Maryam, one of Allah's servant s and creat ures, is Allah. Allah is holier t han what t hey at t ribut e
t o Him. Allah t hen reminds t hem of His perfect abilit y over everyt hing and t hat everyt hing is
under His complet e cont rol and power,
マ
∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺキ∠ や∠ケぺ∠ ∇ラま͡ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ョ͡ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プリ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ∠ ∇よやウ
∠ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャや
(Say: "Who t hen has t he least power against Allah, if He were t o dest roy t he Messiah, son of
Maryam, his mot her, and all t hose who are on t he eart h t oget her") Therefore, if Allah wills t o
do t hat , who would be able t o st op Him or prevent Him from doing it Allah t hen said,
ペ
⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやマ
⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ
(And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h, and all t hat is bet ween t hem.
He creat es what He wills.) All t hings in exist ence are Allah's propert y and creat ion and He is
able t o do everyt hing. He is never asked about what He does wit h His power, domain, j ust ice
and great ness so t his refut es t he Christ ian creed, may Allah's cont inued curses be upon t hem
unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion.
Refuting the People of the Book's Claim that they are Allah's
Children
Allah t hen refut es t he Christ ians' and Jews' false claims and lies,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャや￢⊥ ゅ∠レ∇よぺ∠ リ
⊥ ∇エル∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚャや∠ヱキ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャやろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
びロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅｚらェ
͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠
(And t he Jews and t he Christ ians say, "We are t he children of Allah and His loved ones.") They
claim: "We are t he followers of Allah's Prophet s, who are His children, whom He t akes care of.
He also loves us.'' The People of t he Book claim in t heir Book t hat Allah said t o His servant
Isra'il, "You are my first born.'' But t hey explained t his st at ement in an improper manner and
alt ered it s meaning. Some of t he People of t he Book who lat er became Muslims refut ed t his
false st at ement saying, "This st at ement only indicat es honor and respect , as is common in t heir
speech at t hat t ime.'' The Christ ians claim t hat ` Isa said t o t hem, "I will go back t o my fat her
and your fat her,'' meaning, my Lord and your Lord. It is a fact t hat t he Christ ians did not claim
t hat t hey t oo are Allah's sons as t hey claimed about ` Isa. Rat her t his st at ement by ` Isa only
meant t o indicat e a closeness wit h Allah. This is why when t hey said t hat t hey are Allah's
children and loved ones, Allah refut ed t heir claim,
びユ⊥ムよ͡ ヲ⊥ルグ⊥ よ͡ ユ⊥ムよ⊥ グあバ∠ Α⊥ ユ∠ ヤ͡プ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Say, "Why t hen does He punish you for your sins") meaning, if you were t ruly as you claim,
Allah's children and loved ones, t hen why did He prepare t he Fire because of your disbelief, lies
and false claims
びペ
∠ ヤ∠カ
∠ ∇リヨｚョ͡ ゲ∀ ゼ
∠ よ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ルぺ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ
(Nay, you are but human beings, of t hose He has creat ed,) Allah st at es: you are j ust like t he
rest of t he children of Adam, and Allah is t he Lord of all His creat ion,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョゆ

⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ぴ
(He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills.) Allah does what He wills, t here is
none who can escape His j udgement , and He is swift in reckoning.
びゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ

͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやマ
⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
(And t o Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is bet ween t hem;)
Therefore, everyt hing is Allah's propert y and under His power and cont rol,
びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

(and t o Him is t he ret urn.) In t he end, t he ret urn will be t o Allah and He will j udge bet ween His
servant s as He will, and He is t he Most Just Who is never wrong in His j udgment .
ヴ∠ヤハ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ リ
⊥ あΒら∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠レャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギホ∠ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ゲ∃ Β͡ゼよ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺモ ͡シ ⊥ ゲぁャやリ ∠ ョｚり∃ ゲ∠ ∇わプ∠
あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∀ゲΑグ͡ ル∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡ゼ∠よ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ Α͡グル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
(19. O People of t he Script ure! Now has come t o you Our Messenger making (t hings) clear unt o
you, aft er a break in (t he series of) Messengers, lest you say: "There came t o us no bringer of
glad t idings and no warner.'' But now has come unt o you a bringer of glad t idings and a warner.
And Allah is able t o do all t hings. ) Allah is addressing t he People of t he Book -- t he Jews and
t he Christ ians, saying t hat He has sent His Messenger Muhammad t o t hem, t he Final Prophet ,
aft er whom t here will be no Prophet or Messenger. Rat her, He is t he Final Messenger who came
aft er a long t ime passed bet ween him and ` Isa, son of Maryam peace be upon t hem. There is a
difference of opinion about t he lengt h of t ime bet ween ` Isa and Muhammad . Abu ` Ut hman An-
Nahdi and Qat adah were report ed t o have said t hat t his period was six hundred years. Al-
Bukhari also recorded t his opinion from Salman Al-Farisi. Qat adah said t hat t his period was five
hundred and sixt y years, while Ma` mar said t hat it is five hundred and fort y years. Some said
t hat t his period is six hundred and t went y years. There is no cont radict ion here if we consider
t he fact t hat t hose who said t hat t his period was six hundred years were t alking about solar
years, while t he second refers t o lunar years, since t here is a difference of about t hree years
bet ween every one hundred lunar and solar years. As in Allah's st at ement ,
∇やヱ⊥キや∠キ∇コや∠ヱリ
∠ Β͡レシ
͡ る∃ ゃ∠ ョ͡ ゐ
∠ Κ∠を ∇ユヰ͡ ヘ͡ ∇ヰミ∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ん͡ら∠ャ∠ヱぴ
びゅ⇔バ∇ジゎ͡
(And t hey st ayed in t heir Cave t hree hundred years, adding nine.) meaning, nine more lunar
years t o subst it ut e for t he difference bet ween lunar and solar years, t hus agreeing wit h t he
t hree hundred years t hat t he People of t he Book knew about . We should assert again t hat t he
t ime period we ment ioned here was bet ween ` Isa, t he last Prophet t o t he Children of Israel,
and Muhammad , t he Last Prophet and Messenger among t he children of Adam. In t he Sahih
collect ed by Al-Bukhari, Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ヶ͡レ∇Βよ∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ∩ゅ∠ルほ∠ャ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
͡ ∇よゅ͡よサ
͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺラｚま͡»
«ヶ͡らル∠ ヮ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠
(I, among all people, have t he most right t o t he son of Maryam, for t here was no Prophet
bet ween Him and I.) This Hadit h refut es t he opinion of Al-Quda` i and ot hers, t hat t here was a
Prophet aft er ` Isa called Khalid bin Sinan. Allah sent Muhammad aft er a period of t ime during
which t here was no Prophet , clear pat h, or unchanged religions. Idol worshipping, fire
worshipping and cross worshipping flourished during t his t ime. Therefore, t he bount y of
sending Muhammad was t he perfect bount y at a t ime when he was needed t he most . Evil had
filled t he eart h by t hen, and t yranny and ignorance had t ouched all t he servant s, except a few
of t hose who remained loyal t o t he t rue t eachings of previous Prophet s, such as some Jewish
rabbis, Christ ian priest s and Sabian monks. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Iyad bin Himar Al-
Muj ash` i said t hat t he Prophet gave a speech one day and said,
ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヤヰ͡ ィ ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユム⊥ ヨ∠ ヤあハ ∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ヶあよケ∠ ラｚま͡ヱ∠ »
ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤエ ∠ ル∠ メ ∃ ゅ∠ョぁモミ⊥ ∩や∠グワ∠ ヶ͡ョ∇ヲΑ∠ ヶ͡プヶ͡レヨ∠ ヤｚハ ∠
ラｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ヤｚミ⊥ ￢∠ ゅ∠ヘレ∠ ェ ⊥ ヵ͡キゅ∠らハ ͡ ろ ⊥ ∇ボヤ∠カ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∀メゅ∠ヤェ ∠
∇ろョ∠ ゲｚェ ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ Α͡キ ∇リハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わヤｚッ ∠ ほ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇わゎ∠ ぺ∠ リ
∠ Β͡デゅ∠Βゼｚャや
ヶ͡よやヲ⊥ミゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤヤ∠∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
ゲ∠ ヌ ∠ ル∠ モｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ ∠ ぶ ∠ やラｚま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇メゴあル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ョ
ゅｚャま͡ ∩∇ユヰ⊥ ヨ∠ イ ∠ハ ∠ ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ボ∠ ヨ∠プチ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ヴャ͡ま
マ∠ Β∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇よほ∠ャ͡ マ
∠ わ⊥ ∇んバ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ :メ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ ∩∠モΒ͡もや∠ゲ∇シま͡ ヶ͡レよ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠Αゅ∠ボよ∠
ヮ⊥ ヤ⊥ジ ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャゅ⇔よゅ∠わミ͡ マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠マよ͡ ヶ ∠ ヤ͡わ∠ ∇よぺ∠ヱ∠
∇ラぺ∠ ヶ͡ルゲ∠ ョ∠ ぺ∠ ぶ ∠ やラｚま͡ ｚユを⊥ ∩∠ラゅ∠ヌ∇ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヨ͡もゅ∠ルロ⊥ ぺ⊥ゲ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ ∩⊥￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャや
∩ヶ͡シ∇ぺケ∠ やヲ⊥ピヤ∠∇んΑ∠ ∇ラク∠ ま͡ ゆあケ∠ ゅ∠Α :ろ ⊥ ∇ヤボ⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Α∠ゲホ⊥ ベ ∠ ゲあェ ∠ ぺ⊥
ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ィゲ͡ ∇ガわ∠ ∇シや :メ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ∩⇔りゴ∠ ∇らカ ⊥ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ハギ∠ Β∠ プ∠
∠ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ポゴ͡ ∇ピル⊥ ∇ユワ⊥ ゴ⊥ ∇ビやヱ ∩∠ポヲ⊥ィゲ∠ ∇ガわ∠ ∇シや
∩⊥ヮャ∠ゅ∠ん∇ョぺ∠ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヨカ ∠ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇らル∠ ゅ⇔ゼ∇Βィ ∠ ∇ゑバ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ∩∠マ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ペ ∠ ヘ͡ ∇レレ⊥ ジ
∠ プ∠
る͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやモ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩∠ポゅ∠ダハ ∠ ∇リョ∠ マ ∠ハ ∠ ゅ∠デぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ∇モゎ͡ ゅ∠ホヱ∠
モ
∀ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ベギあダ ∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ∀ペプｚ ∠ヲョ⊥ ∀テ͡ジ∇ボョ⊥ ラ ∃ ゅト∇ヤシ ⊥ ヱ⊥ ク :∀る∠をゅ∠ヤ∠を
∩∃ユヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヱ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ヵ͡クあモム⊥ よ͡ ょ ͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ∇ャやペ⊥ Β͡ホケ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ェ∠ケ
モ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ヱ∠ .(ベ ∀ ギあダ
∠ わ∠ ョ⊥ ) メ ∃ ゅ∠Βハ͡ ヱ⊥ク ∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プ ∀ブΒ͡ヘ∠ハモ ∀ィ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠
リΑ͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡キゅ∠ャヵグｚャやブ ⊥ Β͡バツｚャや :る∀ ジ ∠ ∇ヨカ
∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャや
ゅ⇔ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヴΒ∇エΑ∠ マｚセ∠ ゅ⇔バら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∀ノら∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥
∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ノ∀ ヨ∠ デ ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヵ͡グャｚやリ ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠ガ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョゅ∠ャヱ∠
ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヨΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ウ ⊥ ら͡ ∇ダΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャモ∀ィ⊥ ケ∠ ヱ∠ ∩⊥ヮル∠ ゅ∠カゅｚャま͡ ベｚキ∠
ヱ͡ ぺ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ガら∠ ∇ャやゲ∠ ミ∠ ク∠ ヱ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ゅ∠ョヱ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ワぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ マ ∠ハ ⊥ キ͡ ゅ∠ガΑ⊥
«ズ͡ェゅ∠ヘャや :ゲ∠ Β͡ヌ∇レゼあャや∠ヱゆ∠ やｚグム∠ ∇ャや
(My Lord has commanded me t o t each you what you have no knowledge of and of which He
t aught me t his day, ` All t he wealt h t hat I gave t o My servant s is permissible. I creat ed all My
servant s Hunafa (monot heist s). But , t he devils came t o t hem and deviat ed t hem from t heir
religion, prohibit ed for t hem what I allowed and commanded t hem t o associat e ot hers wit h Me
in worship , which I gave no permission for.' Then Allah looked at t he people of t he eart h and
disliked t hem all, t he Arabs and non-Arabs among t hem, except a few from among t he Children
of Israel. Allah said (t o me), ` I only sent you t o t est you and t o t est wit h you. I sent t o you a
Book t hat cannot be washed by wat er (it is et ernal), and you will read it while asleep and while
awake.' Allah has also Commanded me t o burn (dest roy) Quraysh. So I said, ` O Lord! They will
smash my head and leave it like a piece of bread.' He said, ` I will drive t hem out as t hey drove
you out , and when you invade t hem We will help you. Spend on t hem (your companions) and
We will spend on you, send an army and We will send five armies like it (in it s support ). Fight
wit h t hose who obey you, against t hose who disobey you. And t he inhabit ant s of Paradise are
t hree: a j ust , prosperous, and charit able ruler; A merciful man who has a kind heart t oward
every relat ive and every Muslim; a forgiving, poor man wit h dependant s who is charit able .
And t he inhabit ant s of t he Fire are five: t he weak one wit h no religion; t hose who follow aft er
you not for family reasons nor wealt h; and t he t reacherous who does not hide his t reachery,
act ing t reacherous in even t he most insignificant mat t ers; and a person who comes every
morning and every evening, is cheat ing your family or your wealt h.') And he ment ioned t he
st ingy, or t he liar, and t he foulmout hed person.'' Therefore, t he Hadit h st at es t hat Allah looked
at t he people of t he eart h and disliked t hem all, bot h t he Arabs and non-Arabs among t hem,
except a few among t he Children of Israel, or a few among t he People of t he Book as Muslim
recorded. The religion was dist ort ed and changed for t he people of t he eart h unt il Allah sent
Muhammad , and Allah, t hus, guided t he creat ures and t ook t hem away from t he darkness t o
t he light and placed t hem on a clear pat h and a glorious Law. Allah said,
びゲ∃ Α͡グル∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∃ Β͡ゼよ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺぴ
(lest you say, "There came unt o us no bringer of glad t idings and no warner.") meaning, so t hat
you, who changed t he t rue religion, do not make it an excuse and say, "No Messenger came t o
us bringing glad t idings and warning against evil.'' There has come t o you a bringer of good
news and a warner, Muhammad .
(And Allah is able t o do all t hings. ) Ibn Jarir said t his part of t he Ayah means, "I am able t o
punish t hose who disobey Me and t o reward t hose who obey Me.''
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プモ ∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
ュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠Α - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやリあョや⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ れ ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠
Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡わャｚやる∠ シ ∠ ギｚボ∠ ヨ⊥ ャやチ∠ ∇ケΙ ｘややヲ⊥ヤカ⊥ ∇キや
やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カやヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ ∇レわ∠ プ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ やヱぁギゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠
ゅ∠ヰヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギルｚリ∠ャゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケゅｚらィ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プラｚま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョゅ∠Α
ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ
∠ ョ͡ ラ ͡Κ ∠ ィ ⊥ ケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ͡ キ∠
∇ユム⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤカ
∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ ⊥ ∇キやゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
- リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ヤミｚヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ビ
ゅ∠ヰΒプ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ョや∠キゅｚョや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰヤ∠カ ⊥ ∇ギルｚ ∇リャ∠ ゅｚル͡まヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ
メ
∠ ゅ∠ホ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ∠ よぁケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ
∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ
ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ベゲ⊥ ∇プゅ∠プヴ͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ Ι ｚま͡ マ⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ヴあルま͡ ゆあケ∠
∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ る∀ ョ∠ ゲｚエ
∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プメ
∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ͡わΑ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ
∠ リ ∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠
びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャや
(20. And (remember) when Musa said t o his people: "O my people! Remember t he favor of Allah
t o you: when He made Prophet s among you, made you kings and gave you what He had not
given t o any ot her among t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin).'') (21. "O my people! Ent er t he Holy Land
which Allah has assigned t o you and t urn not back; for t hen you will be ret urned as losers.'')
(22. They said: "O Musa! In it are a people of great st rengt h, and we shall never ent er it , t ill
t hey leave it ; when t hey leave, t hen we will ent er.'') (23. Two men of t hose who feared (Allah
and) on whom Allah had best owed His grace said: "Assault t hem t hrough t he gat e; for when you
are in, vict ory will be yours. And put your t rust in Allah if you are believers indeed.'') (24. They
said: "O Musa! We shall never ent er it as long as t hey are t here. So go, you and your Lord, and
fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.'') (25. He Musa said: "O my Lord! I have power only
over myself and my brot her, so Ifruq us from t he rebellious people!'') (26. (Allah) said:
"Therefore it is forbidden t o t hem for fort y years; in dist ract ion t hey will wander t hrough t he
land. So do not greive for t he rebellious people.'')
Allah st at es t hat His servant , Messenger, t o whom He spoke direct ly, Musa, t he son of ` Imran,
reminded his people t hat among t he favors Allah grant ed t hem, is t hat He will give t hem all of
t he good of t his life and t he Hereaft er, if t hey remain on t he right eous and st raight pat h. Allah
said,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲミ⊥ ∇クやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ⇒∠Α ヮ͡ ョ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
び￢∠ べ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡プモ
∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ∇クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
(And (remember) when Musa said t o his people: "O my people! Remember t he favor of Allah t o
you, when He made Prophet s among you,) for whenever a Prophet died, anot her rose among
t hem, from t he t ime of t heir fat her Ibrahim and t hereaft er. There were many Prophet s among
t he Children of Israel calling t o Allah and warning against His t orment , unt il ` Isa was sent as
t he final Prophet from t he Children of Israel. Allah t hen sent down t he revelat ion t o t he Final
Prophet and Messenger, Muhammad, t he son of ` Abdullah, from t he offspring of Isma` il, t he
son of Ibrahim, peace be upon t hem. Muhammad is t he most honorable Prophet of all t imes.
Allah said next ,
びゅ⇔ミヲ⊥ヤョぁ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(made you kings) ` Abdur-Razzaq recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed: "Having a servant , a
wife and a house.'' In his Must adrak, Al-Hakim recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A wife and a
servant , and, a
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやリあョや⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ れ
͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ
(and gave you what He had not given t o any ot her among t he nat ions (` Alamin).) means, during
t heir t ime.'' Al-Hakim said, "Sahih according t o t he crit eria of t he Two Sahihs, but t hey did not
collect it .'' Qat adah said, "They were t he first people t o t ake servant s.'' A Hadit h st at es,
ヶ͡プゅ⇔レョ͡ へ ∩͡ロギ͡ ジ ∠ィ∠ ヶ͡プヴ⇔プゅ∠バョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇れゴ∠ Β͡ェゅ∠ヨルｚほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ∩͡ヮョ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ れ
⊥ ヲ⊥ホロ⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ∇ゲシ͡
«ゅ∠ワゲ͡ Β͡プや∠グエ ∠ よ͡
(He among you who wakes up while healt hy in body, safe in his family and having t he provision
for t hat very day, is as if t he world and all t hat was in it were collect ed for him.) Allah's
st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやリあョや⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ れ
͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚョ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ
(and gave you what He had not given t o any ot her among t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin).) means,
during your t ime, as we st at ed. The Children of Israel were t he most honorable among t he
people of t heir t ime, compared t o t he Greek, Copt s and t he rest of mankind. Allah said in
anot her Ayah,
∠りヲｚら⊥ レぁャや∠ヱユ∠ ∇ムエ

⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
リ
∠ Βヨ∠ヤ⇒∠バ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤツ
ｚプ∠ ヱ∠ ろ͡ ⇒∠らΒあト
ｚャやリ
∠ ョあ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ホコ∠ ケ∠ ヱ∠
び
(And indeed We gave t he Children of Israel t he Script ure, and t he underst anding of t he
Script ure and it s laws, and t he Prophet hood; and provided t hem wit h good t hings, and
preferred t hem above t he nat ions (Al-` Alamin).) Allah said,
る∀ ヰ∠ ャ͡や∠￢ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ べ∠レャｚ ∇モバ∠ ∇ィやヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚぴ
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヰ∠ ∇イゎ∠ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅｚョ ∀モ͡ト⇒∠よ∠ヱヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ゅｚョ ∀ゲらｚ ∠わョ⊥ ￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒∠ワラｚま͡ぴ
ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヰ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ピ∇よぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α
びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠ツ
ｚプ∠
(They said: "O Musa! Make for us a god as t hey have gods.'' He said: "Verily, you are an ignorant
people.'' Musa added: "Verily, t hese people will be dest royed for t hat which t hey are engaged
in (idol worship).'' And all t hat t hey are doing is in vain. He said: "Shall I seek for you a god
ot her t han Allah, while He has given you superiorit y over t he nat ions.'') Therefore, t hey were
t he best among t he people of t heir t ime. The Muslim Ummah is more respect ed and honored
before Allah, and has a more perfect legislat ive code and syst em of life, it has t he most
honorable Prophet , t he larger kingdom, more provisions, wealt h and children, a larger domain
and more last ing glory t han t he Children of Israel. Allah said,
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ
⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムわ∠ ャあゅ⇔トシ
∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ マ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びサ
͡ ゅｚレャや
(Thus We have made you, a j ust (t he best ) nat ion, t hat you be wit nesses over mankind.) We
ment ioned t he Mut awat ir Hadit hs about t he honor of t his Ummah and it s st at us and honor wit h
Allah, when we explained Allah's st at ement in Surah Al-` Imran (3),
びサ
(You are t he best of peoples ever raised up for mankind...) Allah st at es next t hat Musa
encouraged t he Children of Israel t o perform Jihad and ent er Jerusalem, which was under t heir
cont rol during t he t ime of t heir fat her Ya` qub. Ya` qub and his children lat er moved wit h his
children and household t o Egypt during t he t ime of Prophet Yusuf. His offspring remained in
Egypt unt il t heir exodus wit h Musa. They found a might y, st rong people in Jerusalem who had
previously t aken it over. Musa, Allah's Messenger, ordered t he Children of Israel t o ent er
Jerusalem and fight t heir enemy, and he promised t hem vict ory and t riumph over t he might y
people if t hey did so. They declined, rebelled and defied his order and were punished for fort y
years by being lost , wandering in t he land uncert ain of where t hey should go. This was t heir
punishment for defying Allah's command. Allah said t hat Musa ordered t hem t o ent er t he Holy
Land,
び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやょ
∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ヴ͡わャｚやぴ
(which Allah has assigned t o you) meaning, which Allah has promised t o you by t he words of
your fat her Isra'il, t hat it is t he inherit ance of t hose among you who believe.
び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠よ∇キぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ

∠ やヱぁギゎ∠ ∇ゲゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t urn not back) in flight from Jihad.
ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プラｚま͡ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョゅ∠Α やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ボレ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥らヤ͡ボ∠ レ∠わプ∠ ぴ

ラ͡みプ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠カ
⊥ ∇ギルｚリ∠ャゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ケゅｚらィ∠
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ͡ キ∠ ゅｚルみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠
(". ..for t hen you will be ret urned as losers.'' They said, "O Musa! In it are a people of great
st rengt h, and we shall never ent er it , t ill t hey leave it ; when t hey leave, t hen we will ent er.")
Their excuse was t his, in t his very t own you commanded us t o ent er and fight it s people, t here
is a might y, st rong, vicious people who have t remendous physique and physical abilit y. We are
unable t o st and against t hese people or fight t hem. Therefore, t hey said, we are incapable of
ent ering t his cit y as long as t hey are st ill in it , but if t hey leave it , we will ent er it . Ot herwise,
we cannot st and against t hem.
The Speeches of Yuwsha` (Joshua) and Kalib (Caleb)

Allah said,
びゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ∠ バ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥プゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ
∠ ョ͡ ラ
͡Κ
∠ ィ
⊥ ケ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
(Two men of t hose who feared (Allah and) on whom Allah had best owed His grace said...) When
t he Children of Israel declined t o obey Allah and follow His Messenger Musa, t wo right eous men
among t hem, on whom Allah had best owed a great bount y and who were afraid of Allah and His
punishment , encouraged t hem t o go forward. It was also said t hat t he Ayah reads in a way t hat
means t hat t hese men were respect ed and honored by t heir people. These t wo men were
Yuwsha` , t he son of Nun, and Kalib, t he son of Yufna, as Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah,
` At iyyah, As-Suddi, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas and several ot her Salaf and lat t er scholars st at ed. These
t wo men said t o t heir people,
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ビ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ヤカ
∠ キ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ゆ
∠ ゅ∠ら∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇キやぴ
びリ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ヤミｚヲ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ
("Assault t hem t hrough t he gat e, for when you are in, vict ory will be yours. And put your t rust
in Allah if you are believers indeed.") Therefore, t hey said, if you rely on and t rust in Allah,
follow His command and obey His Messenger, t hen Allah will give you vict ory over your enemies
and will give you t riumph and dominance over t hem. Thus, you will conquer t he cit y t hat Allah
has promised you. This advice did not benefit t hem in t he least ,
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ョや∠キゅｚョや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰヤ∠カ⊥ ∇ギルｚ ∇リャ∠ ゅｚル͡まヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ⇒∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ
∠ よぁケ∠ ヱ∠ ろ
∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プ
(They said, "O Musa! We shall never ent er it as long as t hey are t here. So go, you and your
Lord, and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.") This is how t hey declined t o j oin Jihad,
defied t heir Messenger, and refused t o fight t heir enemy.
The Righteous Response of the Companions During the Battle of

Badr
Compare t his t o t he bet t er response t he Companions gave t o t he Messenger of Allah during t he
bat t le of Badr, when he asked for t heir advice about fight ing t he Quraysh army t hat came t o
prot ect t he caravan led by Abu Sufyan. When t he Muslim army missed t he caravan and t he
Quraysh army, bet ween nine hundred and one t housand st rong, helmet ed and drawing closer,
Abu Bakr st ood up and said somet hing good. Several more Muhaj irin also spoke, all t he while
t he Messenger of Allah saying,
«ラヲヨヤジヨャやゅヰΑぺヶヤハやヱゲΒセぺ»

(Advise me, O Muslims!) inquiring of what t he Ansar, t he maj orit y t hen, had t o say. Sa` d bin
Mu` adh said, "It looks like you mean us, O Messenger of Allah! By He Who has sent you wit h t he
Trut h! If you seek t o cross t his sea and went in it , we will follow you and none among us will
remain behind. We would not hat e for you t o lead us t o meet our enemy t omorrow. We are
pat ient in war, vicious in bat t le. May Allah allow you t o wit ness from our effort s what comfort s
your eyes. Therefore, march forward wit h t he blessing of Allah.'' The Messenger of Allah () was
pleased wit h t he words of Sa` d and was encouraged t o march on. Abu Bakr bin Marduwyah
recorded t hat Anas said t hat when t he Messenger of Allah went t o Badr, he asked t he Muslims
for t heir opinion, and ` Umar gave his. The Prophet again asked t he Muslims for t heir opinion
and t he Ansar said, "O Ansar! It is you whom t he Prophet want s t o hear.'' They said, "We will
never say as t he Children of Israel said t o Musa,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ
∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プぴ
(So go, you and your Lord, and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.) By He Who has sent
you wit h t he Trut h! If you t ook t he camels t o Bark Al-Ghimad (near Makkah) we shall follow
you.'' Imam Ahmad, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban also recorded t his Hadit h. In t he Book of Al-
Maghazi and At -Tafsir, Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said, "On t he day of
Badr, Al-Miqdad said, ` O Messenger of Allah! We will never say t o you what t he Children of
Israel said t o Musa,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギバ͡ ⇒∠ホゅ∠レヰ⊥ ⇒∠ワゅｚル͡ま Κ͡ゎゅ∠ボプ∠ マ
∠ ル∠ぺ ∇ょワ∠ ∇クゅ∠プぴ
(So go, you and your Lord, and fight you t wo, we are sit t ing right here.) Rat her, march on and
we will be wit h you.' The Messenger of Allah was sat isfied aft er hearing t his st at ement .''
Musa Supplicates to Allah Against the Jews

Musa said,
∇ベゲ⊥ ∇プゅ∠プヴ͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ Ι

ｚま͡ マ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ヴあルま͡ ゆあケ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠
("O my Lord! I have power only over myself and my brot her, so separat e us from t he rebellious
people!") When t he Children of Israel refused t o fight , Musa became very angry wit h t hem and
supplicat ed t o Allah against t hem,
びヴ͡カぺ∠ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ Ι
ｚま͡ マ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ョぺ∠ Ι ヴあルま͡ ゆ
あケ∠ ぴ
(O my Lord! I have power only over myself and my brot her') meaning, only I and my brot her
Harun among t hem will obey, implement Allah's command and accept t he call,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ベゲ⊥ ∇プゅ∠プぴ
(So Ifruq us from t he rebellious people!) Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Meaning,
j udge bet ween us and t hem.'' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed similarly from him. Ad-Dahhak said
t hat t he Ayah means, "Judge and decide bet ween us and t hem.'' Ot her scholars said t hat t he
Ayah means, "Separat e bet ween us and t hem.''
Forbidding the Jews from Entering the Holy Land for Forty Years
Allah said,
ヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ͡わΑ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ る∀ ョ∠ ゲｚエ
∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プぴ
びチ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや
(Therefore it is forbidden t o t hem for fort y years; in dist ract ion t hey will wander t hrough t he
land.) When Musa supplicat ed against t he Jews for refusing t o fight in Jihad, Allah forbade
t hem from ent ering t he land for fort y years. They wandered about lost in t he land of At -Tih,
unable t o find t heir way out . During t his t ime, t remendous miracles occurred, such as t he
clouds t hat shaded t hem and t he manna and quails Allah sent down for t hem. Allah brought
fort h wat er springs from solid rock, and t he ot her miracles t hat He aided Musa bin ` Imran wit h.
During t his t ime, t he Tawrah was revealed and t he Law was est ablished for t he Children of
Israel and t he Tabernacle of t he Covenant was erect ed.
Conquering Jerusalem
びる⇔ レ∠ シ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ぴ
(for fort y years;) defines,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ͡わΑ∠ ぴ
(in dist ract ion t hey will wander t hrough t he land.) When t hese years ended, Yuwsha` bin Nun
led t hose who remained among t hem and t he second generat ion, and laid siege t o Jerusalem,
conquering it on a Friday aft ernoon. When t he sun was about t o set and Yuwsha` feared t hat
t he Sabbat h would begin, he said (t o t he sun), "You are commanded and I am commanded, as
well. O Allah! Make it st op set t ing for me.'' Allah made t he sun st op set t ing unt il Yuwsha` bin
Nun conquered Jerusalem. Next , Allah commanded Yuwsha` t o order t he Children of Israel t o
ent er Jerusalem from it s gat e while bowing and saying Hit t ah, meaning, ` remove our sins.' Yet ,
t hey changed what t hey were commanded and ent ered it while dragging t hemselves on t heir
behinds and saying, ` Habbah (a seed) in Sha` rah (a hair).'' We ment ioned all of t his in t he
Tafsir of Surat Al-Baqarah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed,
ヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ͡わΑ∠ る⇔ レ∠ シ
∠ リ
∠ Β͡バよ∠ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ る∀ ョ∠ ゲｚエ
∠ ョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚ ͡み∠プぴ
びチ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや
(Therefore it is forbidden t o t hem for fort y years; in dist ract ion t hey will wander t hrough t he
land.) "They wandered in t he land for fort y years, during which Musa and Harun died, as well as
everyone above fort y years of age. When t he fort y years ended, Yuwsha` son of Nun assumed
t heir leadership and lat er conquered Jerusalem. When Yuwsha` was reminded t hat t he day was
Friday and t he sun was about t o set , while t hey were st ill at t acking Jerusalem, he feared t hat
t he Sabbat h might begin. Therefore, he said t o t he sun, ` I am commanded and you are
commanded.' Allah made t he sun st op set t ing and t he Jews conquered Jerusalem and found
wealt h unseen before. They want ed t o let t he fire consume t he boot y, but t he fire would not
do t hat . Yuwsha` said, ` Some of you have commit t ed t heft from t he boot y.' So he summoned
t he t welve leaders of t he t welve t ribes and t ook t he pledge from t hem. Then, t he hand of one
of t hem became st uck t o t he hand of Yuwsha` and Yuwsha` said, ` You commit t ed t he t heft , so
bring it fort h.' So, t hat man brought a cow's head made of gold wit h t wo eyes made of precious
st ones and a set of t eet h made of pearls. When Yuwsha` added it t o t he boot y, t he fire
consumed it , as t hey were prohibit ed t o keep t he boot y.'' There is evidence support ing all of
t his in t he Sahih.
Allah Comforts Musa

Confort ing Musa, Allah said
びリ
∠ Β͡ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ サ
∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(So do not greive for t he rebellious people.) Allah said: Do not feel sorrow or sadness over My
j udgment against t hem, for t hey deserve such j udgment . This st ory chast ises t he Jews, exposes
t heir defiance of Allah and His Messenger, and t heir refusal t o obey t he order for Jihad. They
were weak and could not bear t he t hought of fight ing t heir enemy, being pat ient , and enduring
t his way. This occurred alt hough t hey had t he Messenger of Allah and t he one whom He spoke
t o among t hem, t he best of Allah's creat ion t hat t ime. Their Prophet promised t hem t riumph
and vict ory against t heir enemies. They also wit nessed t he t orment and punishment of
drowning wit h which Allah punished t heir enemy Fir` awn and his soldiers, so t hat t heir eyes
were pleased and comfort ed. All t his did not happen t oo long ago, yet t hey refused t o perform
Jihad against people who had less t han a t ent h of t he power and st rengt h t han t he people of
Egypt had. Therefore, t he evil works of t he Jews were exposed t o everyone, and t he exposure
was such an enormous one t hat t he night , or t he t ail, can never cover it s t racks. They were
also blinded by t heir ignorance and t ransgression. Thus, t hey became hat ed by Allah, and t hey
became His enemies. Yet , t hey claim t hat t hey are Allah's children and His loved ones! May
Allah curse t heir faces t hat were t ransformed t o t he shape of swine and apes, and may Allah's
curse accompany t hem t o t he raging Fire. May Allah make t hem abide in t he Fire for et ernit y,
and He did; all t hanks are due t o Him.
ゅ⇔レ⇒∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ ゅ∠よゲｚホ∠ ∇クま͡ ペあエ ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よュ∠ キ∠ や∇￢ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇よやほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ モ⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ
メ∠ ゅ∠ホゲ͡ カ ∠Ι ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇モらｚボ∠ わ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨワ͡ ギ͡ ェ ∠ ぺ∠ リ͡ョモ ∠ あらボ⊥ わ⊥ プ∠
リ͡ゃャ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ ⊥ らｚボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ メ
∠ ゅ∠ホマ ∠ レｚヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ホΙ
∂
マ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン
∠ ギ͡ Α∠ テ∃シ ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ポ ∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴｚャ∠ま͡ ろ
∠ ト∠ジよ∠
ギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやゆｚケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやフ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ホΙ
６
ケ͡ ゅｚレャやょ ͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ マ∠ ヨ͡ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨ∇をみ͡よ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ
モ∠ ∇わホ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ヲｚト ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやゑ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠
ン͡ケや∠ヲΑ⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゑ ⊥ エ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲビ ⊥
モ∠ ∇んョ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゴイ ∠ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲ⇒∠Α メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠
リ∠ ョ͡ ウ ∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヴ͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやや∠グ⇒∠ワ
びリ ∠ Βョ͡ ギ͡ ⇒ｚレャや
(27. And recit e t o t hem t he st ory of t he t wo sons of Adam in t rut h; when each offered a
sacrifice, it was accept ed from t he one but not from t he ot her. The lat t er said t o t he former: "I
will surely, kill you.'' The former said: "Verily, Allah accept s only from t hose who have Taqwa.)
(28. "If you do st ret ch your hand against me t o kill me, I shall never st ret ch my hand against
you t o kill you, for I fear Allah; t he Lord of all t hat exist s.'') (29. "Verily, I int end t o let you
draw my sin on yourself as well as yours, t hen you will be one of t he dwellers of t he Fire, and
t hat is t he recompense of t he wrongdoers.'') (30. So t he soul of t he ot her encouraged him and
made fair-seeming t o him t he murder of his brot her; he murdered him and became one of t he
losers.) (31. Then Allah sent a crow who scrat ched t he ground t o show him how t o hide t he
dead body of his brot her. He said: "Woe t o me! Am I not even able t o be as t his crow and t o
hide t he dead body of my brot her'' Then he became one of t hose who regret t ed.)
The Story of Habil (Abel) and Qabil (Cain)

Allah describes t he evil end and consequence of t ransgression, envy and inj ust ice in t he st ory
of t he t wo sons of Adam, Habil and Qabil. One of t hem fought against t he ot her and killed him
out of envy and t ransgression, because of t he bount y t hat Allah gave his brot her and because
t he sacrifice t hat he sincerely offered t o Allah was accept ed. The murdered brot her earned
forgiveness for his sins and was admit t ed int o Paradise, while t he murderer failed and earned a
losing deal in bot h t he lives. Allah said,
びペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よュ∠ キ∠ や∇￢ ∇ヴレ∠ ∇よやほ∠ら∠ ル∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ モ
⊥ ∇ゎや∠ヱぴ
(And recit e t o t hem t he st ory of t he t wo sons of Adam in t rut h;) meaning, t ell t hese envious,
unj ust people, t he brot hers of swine and apes from t he Jews and t heir likes among mankind,
t he st ory of t he t wo sons of Adam, Habil and Qabil, as many scholars among t he Salaf and lat er
generat ions said. Allah's st at ement ,
びペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ
(in t rut h;) means, clearly and wit hout ambiguit y, alt erat ion, confusion, change, addit ion or
delet ion. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
びペ
ぁエ∠ ∇ャやゾ
⊥ ダ
∠ ボ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワラ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t his is t he t rue narrat ive about t he st ory of ` Isa ,)
びペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ワほ∠ら∠ ルマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ぁゾボ⊥ ル∠ リ
⊥ ∇エル∠ ぴ
(We narrat e unt o you t heir st ory wit h t rut h, ) and,
びペ
あエ∠ ∇ャやメ
∠ ∇ヲホ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハマ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
(Such is ` Isa, son of Maryam. (It is) a st at ement of t rut h.) Several scholars among t he Salaf and
t he lat er generat ions said t hat Allah allowed Adam t o marry his daught ers t o his sons because
of t he necessit y of such act ion. They also said t hat in every pregnancy, Adam was given a t win,
a male and a female, and he used t o give t he female of one t win, t o t he male of t he ot her
t win, in marriage. Habil's sist er was not beaut iful while Qabil's sist er was beaut iful, result ing in
Qabil want ing her for himself, inst ead of his brot her. Adam refused unless t hey bot h offer a
sacrifice, and he whose sacrifice was accept ed, would marry Qabil's sist er. Habil's sacrifice was
accept ed, while Qabil's sacrifice was rej ect ed, and t hus what Allah t old us about t hem
occurred. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said -- t hat during t he t ime of Adam -- "The
woman was not allowed in marriage for her male t win, but Adam was commanded t o marry her
t o any of her ot her brot hers. In each pregnancy, Adam was given a t win, a male and a female.
A beaut iful daught er was once born for Adam and anot her one t hat was not beaut iful. So t he
t win brot her of t he ugly daught er said, ` Marry your sist er t o me and I will marry my sist er t o
you.' He said, ` No, for I have more right t o my sist er.' So t hey bot h offered a sacrifice. The
sacrifice of t he one who offered t he sheep was accept ed while t he sacrifice of t he ot her t he
t win brot her of t he beaut iful daught er , which consist ed of some produce, was not accept ed.
So t he lat t er killed his brot her.'' This st ory has a bet t er t han good chain of narrat ion. The
st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
⊥ らｚボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
("Verily, Allah accept s only from t hose who have Taqwa.) who fear Allah in t heir act ions. Ibn
Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Ad-Darda' said, "If I become cert ain t hat Allah has accept ed even
one prayer from me, it will be bet t er for me t han t his life and all t hat in it . This is because
Allah says,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
⊥ らｚボ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah accept s only from t he t hose who have Taqwa.) The st at ement ,
ン
∠ ギ͡ Α∠ テ
∃シ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ポ
∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴ
ｚャ∠ま͡ ろ
∠ ト∠ジよ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ
びリ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやゆｚケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやフ ⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ マ ∠ ヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ホΙ
６マ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
("If you do st ret ch your hand against me t o kill me, I shall never st ret ch my hand against you t o
kill you, for I fear Allah; t he Lord of all t hat exist s.") Qabil's brot her, t he pious man whose
sacrifice was accept ed because of his piet y, said t o his brot her, who t hreat ened t o kill him
wit hout j ust ificat ion,
ン
∠ ギ͡ Α∠ テ
∃シ͡ ゅ∠らよ͡ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヴ͡レヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ ャ͡ ポ
∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ヴ
ｚャ∠ま͡ ろ
∠ ト∠ジよ∠ リ͡ゃャ∠ぴ
びマ
∠ ヤ∠わ⊥ ∇ホΙ
６マ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
(If you do st ret ch your hand against me t o kill me, I shall never st ret ch my hand against you t o
kill you,) I will not commit t he same evil act t hat you t hreat en t o commit , so t hat I will not
earn t he same sin as you,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやゆ
ｚケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやフ
⊥ ゅ∠カぺ∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ
(for I fear Allah; t he Lord of t he all t hat exist s.) and, as a result , I will not commit t he error
t hat you t hreat en t o commit . Rat her, I will observe pat ience and endurance. ` Abdullah bin
` Amr said, "By Allah! Habil was t he st ronger of t he t wo men. But , fear of Allah rest rict ed his
hand.'' The Prophet said in a Hadit h recorded in t he Two Sahihs,
メ
⊥ ヲ⊥わ∇ボヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱモ
⊥ ゎ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャゅ∠プゅ∠ヨヰ͡ Β∠ヘ∇Βジ
∠ よ͡ ラ
͡ ゅ∠ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやヮ∠ ィ
∠ や∠ヲゎ∠ や∠クま͡»
«ケゅｚレャやヶ͡プ
(When t wo Muslims fight (meet ) each ot her wit h t heir swords, bot h t he murderer as well as t he
murdered will go t o t he Hellfire.) They said, "O Allah's Messenger! It is all right for t he
murderer, but what about t he vict im'' Allah's Messenger replied,
«ヮ͡らェ
͡ ゅ∠タモ
͡ ∇わホ∠ ヴヤ∠ハゅ⇔ダΑ͡ゲェ
∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮｚルま͡»
(He surely had t he int ent ion t o kill his comrade.) Imam Ahmad recorded t hat , at t he beginning
of t he calamit y t hat ` Ut hman suffered from, Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas said, "I bear wit ness t hat t he
∩͡ユも͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カゅ∠ヰΒ͡プギ⊥ ハ
͡ ゅ∠ボャやる∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ シ
∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚま͡»
リ
∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カヶ͡セゅ∠ヨ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ヶ͡セゅ∠ヨ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カユ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱ
«ヶ͡ハゅｚジャや
(There will be a Fit nah, and he who sit s idle during it is bet t er t han he who st ands up, and he
who st ands up in it is bet t er t han he who walks, and he who walks is bet t er t han he who is
walking at a fast pace.) When he was asked, ` What if someone ent ers my home and st ret ched
his hand t o kill me' He said,
«ュ∠キへリ
͡ ∇よゅ∠ミ ∇リミ⊥ »
(Be j ust like (t he pious) son of Adam.)'' At -Tirmidhi also recorded it t his way, and said, "This
Hadit h is Hasan, and similar is report ed on t his subj ect from Abu Hurayrah, Khabbab bin Al-
Arat t , Abu Bakr, Ibn Mas` ud, Abu Waqid and Abu Musa.'' The Qur'an cont inues,
∇リョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ マ
∠ ヨ͡ ∇をま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ヨ∇をみ͡よ͡ ￢∠ ヲ⊥らゎ∠ ラ∠ぺギ⊥ Α͡ケぺ⊥ ヴあルま͡ぴ
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやょ
͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠
("Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours, t hen you will be one of t he
dwellers of t he Fire, and t hat is t he recompense of t he wrongdoers.") Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-
Dahhak, As-Suddi and Qat adah said t hat ,
びマ
("Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours...") means, t he sin of
murdering me, in addit ion t o your previous sins. Ibn Jarir recorded t his. Allah's st at ement ,
リ
∠ ョ͡ ウ
∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ モ
∠ ∇わホ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ
⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ヲｚト
∠ プ∠ ぴ
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや
(So t he soul of t he ot her encouraged him and made fair-seeming t o him t he murder of his
brot her; he murdered him and became one of t he losers.) means, his conscience encouraged
him t o kill his brot her by making it seem like a sensible t hing t o do, so he killed him, even aft er
his brot her admonished him. Ibn Jarir said, "When he want ed t o kill his brot her, he st art ed t o
t wist his neck. So Shayt an t ook an animal and placed it s head on a rock, t hen he t ook anot her
rock, and similar is report ed on t his subj ect from Abu Hurayrah, Khabbab bin Al-Arat t , Abu
Bakr, Ibn Mas` ud, Abu Waqid and Abu Musa.'' The Qur'an cont inues,
∇リョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ マ
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやょ
͡ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠
("Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours, t hen you will be one of t he
dwellers of t he Fire, and t hat is t he recompense of t he wrongdoers.") Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-
Dahhak, As-Suddi and Qat adah said t hat ,
びマ
("Verily, I int end t o let you draw my sin on yourself as well as yours...") means, t he sin of
murdering me, in addit ion t o your previous sins. Ibn Jarir recorded t his. Allah's st at ement ,
リ
∠ ョ͡ ウ
∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ モ
∠ ∇わホ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ
⊥ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろハ ∠ ヲｚト
∠ プ∠ ぴ
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャや
(So t he soul of t he ot her encouraged him and made fair-seeming t o him t he murder of his
brot her; he murdered him and became one of t he losers.) means, his conscience encouraged
him t o kill his brot her by making it seem like a sensible t hing t o do, so he killed him, even aft er
his brot her admonished him. Ibn Jarir said, "When he want ed t o kill his brot her, he st art ed t o
t wist his neck. So Shayt an t ook an animal and placed it s head on a rock, t hen he t ook anot her
rock, and smashed it s head wit h it unt il he killed it while t he son of Adam was looking. So he
did t he same t hing t o his brot her.'' Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his. ` Abdullah bin Wahb said
t hat ` Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said t hat his fat her said, "Qabil held Habil by t he head
t o kill him, so Habil laid down for him and Qabil st art ed t wist ing Habil's head, not knowing how
t o kill him. Shayt an came t o Qabil and said, ` Do you want t o kill him' He said, ` Yes.' Shayt an
said, ` Take t hat st one and t hrow it on his head.' So Qabil t ook t he st one and t hrew it at his
brot her's head and smashed his head. Shayt an t hen went t o Hawwa' in a hurry and said t o her,
` O Hawwa'! Qabil killed Habil.' She asked him, ` Woe t o you! What does ` kill' mean' He said,
` He will no longer eat , drink or move.' She said, ` And t hat is deat h' He said, ` Yes it is.' So she
st art ed t o weep unt il Adam came t o her while she was weeping and said, ` What is t he mat t er
wit h you' She did not answer him. He asked her t wo more t imes, but she did not answer him. So
he said, ` You and your daught ers will inherit t he pract ice of weeping, while I and my sons are
free of it .''' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded it . Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲジ
͡ ⇒∠ガ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ウ
∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(And became one of t he losers.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er, and which loss is worse t han t his
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
メ
͡ ヱｚほ∠∇ャやュ∠ キ∠ へリ
͡ ∇よやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミゅｚャま͡ ゅ⇔ヨ∇ヤニ
⊥ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ルモ ⊥ わ∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ゅャ∠»
«モ∇わボ∠ ∇ャやリｚシ∠ ∇リョ∠ メ
∠ ヱｚぺ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヮ⊥ ルｚほ∠ャ͡∩ゅ∠ヰョ͡ キ∠ ∇リョ͡ ∀モ∇ヘ͡ミ
(Any soul t hat is unj ust ly killed, t hen t he first son of Adam will carry a burden of it s shedding,
for he was t he first t o pract ice t he crime of murder.) The Group, wit h t he except ion of Abu
Dawud, also recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr used t o say, "The
son of Adam, who killed his brot her, will be t he most miserable among men. There is no blood
shed on eart h since he killed his brot her, unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion, but he will carry a
burden from it , for he was t he first person t o est ablish murder.'' Allah said,
ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヮ⊥ Α∠ ゲ͡ Β⊥ ャ͡ チ
͡ ∇ケΙｘやヴ͡プゑ ⊥ エ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ゅ⇔よや∠ゲビ
⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゑ ∠ バ∠ ら∠ プ∠ ぴ
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ ⊥ ∇ゴイ ∠ハ
∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠わ∠ヤ∇Α∠ヲ⇒∠Α メ
∠ ゅ∠ホヮ͡ Β͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ
∠ ン͡ケや∠ヲΑ⊥
ウ
∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ヴ͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ ∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱほ⊥プ∠ ゆ͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやや∠グ⇒∠ワモ ∠ ∇んョ͡
びリ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒ｚレャやリ
∠ ョ͡
(Then Allah sent a crow who scrat ched t he ground t o show him how t o hide t he dead body of
his brot her. He (t he murderer) said, "Woe t o me! Am I not even able t o be as t his crow and t o
hide t he dead body of my brot her'' Then he became one of t hose who regret t ed.) As-Suddi said
t hat t he Companions said, "When his brot her died, Qabil left him on t he bare ground and did
not know how t o bury him. Allah sent t wo crows, which fought wit h each ot her unt il one of
t hem killed t he ot her. So it dug a hole and t hrew sand over t he dead corpse (which it placed in
t he hole). When Qabil saw t hat , he said,
ゆ
͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやや∠グ⇒∠ワモ
∠ ∇んョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ
⊥ ∇ゴイ ∠ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠わヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ
びヴ͡カぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ
∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱほ⊥プ∠
("Woe t o me! Am I not even able t o be as t his crow and t o hide t he dead body of my brot her'')
` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "A crow came t o t he dead corpse of anot her
crow and t hrew sand over it , unt il it hid it in t he ground. He who killed his brot her said,
ゆ
͡ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやや∠グ⇒∠ワモ
∠ ∇んョ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ れ
⊥ ∇ゴイ ∠ハ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠わヤ∠∇Αヲ∠ ⇒∠Αぴ
びヴカ ͡ ぺ∠ り∠ ￢∠ ∇ヲシ
∠ ヵ ∠ ケ͡ や∠ヱほ⊥プ∠
(Woe t o me! Am I not even able t o be as t his crow and t o hide t he dead body of my brot her)''
Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed on t he st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒ｚレャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ウ
∠ ら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(Then he became one of t hose who regret t ed.) "Allah made him feel sorrow aft er t he loss t hat
he earned.''
The Swift Punishment for Transgression and Cutting the Relations

of the Womb
A Hadit h st at es t hat t he Prophet said,
ヶ͡プヮ⊥ わ∠ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボハ
⊥ ぶ ⊥ やモ ∠イ
あバ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ケ⊥ ギ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ょ∃ ∇ルク∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
ヶ
͡ ∇ピら∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡ べ∇ャやヶ͡プヮ͡ ら͡ェゅ∠ダャ͡ ゲ⊥ カ ͡ ギｚ Α∠ ゅ∠ョノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャや
«ユ͡ェゲｚャやる͡ バ∠ Β͡トホ∠ ヱ∠
(There is no sin t hat is more wort hy of Allah hast ening it s punishment in t his life, in addit ion t o
what He has in st ore for it s offender in t he Hereaft er, more t han t ransgression and cut t ing t he
relat ions of t he womb.) The act of Qabil included bot h of t hese. We are Allah's and t o Him is
our ret urn.
リ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ マ∠ ャ͡クモ͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ
ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プチ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プキ∃ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠
サ∠ ゅｚレャやゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺゅ∠ヨルｚほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやモ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠
や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラｚま͡ ｚユを⊥ ろ
͡ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ャ∂ゅ͡よゅ∠レヤ⊥シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ
∠
ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プマ ∠ ャ͡クギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ
ヴ͡プラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ∠ ヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ
∠
ノ∠ トｚボ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤｚ∠ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわｚボ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺや⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや
チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ∃ ⇒∠ヤカ͡ ∇リョあユ⊥ヰヤ⊥ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠
∀ゆや∠グ∠ハり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ι ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠
∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺモ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ιｚま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ
(32. Because of t hat , We ordained for t he Children of Israel t hat if anyone killed a person not
in ret aliat ion of murder, or (and) t o spread mischief in t he land - it would be as if he killed all
mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved t he life of all mankind. And
indeed, t here came t o t hem Our Messengers wit h Al-Bayyinat , even t hen aft er t hat many of
t hem cont inued t o exceed t he limit s in t he land!) (33. The recompense of t hose who wage war
against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in t he land is only t hat t hey shall be killed or
crucified, or t heir hands and t heir feet be cut off on opposit e sides, or be exiled from t he land.
That is t heir disgrace in t his world, and a great t orment is t heirs in t he Hereaft er.) (34. Except
for t hose who (having fled away and t hen) came back (as Muslims) wit h repent ance before t hey
fall int o your power; in t hat case, know t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
Human Beings Should Respect the Sanctity of Other Human Beings

Allah says, because t he son of Adam killed his brot her in t ransgression and aggression,
びモ
∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
(We ordained for t he Children of Israel...) meaning, We legislat ed for t hem and informed t hem,
ヴ͡プキ∃ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚルぺ∠ぴ

ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ
∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやモ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プチ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや
びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ
(t hat if anyone killed a person not in ret aliat ion of murder, or (and) t o spread mischief in t he
land - it would be as if he killed all mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he
saved t he life of all mankind.) The Ayah st at es, whoever kills a soul wit hout j ust ificat ion --
such as in ret aliat ion for murder or for causing mischief on eart h -- will be as if he has killed all
mankind, because t here is no difference bet ween one life and anot her.
びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and if anyone saved a life...) by prevent ing it s blood from being shed and believing in it s
sanct it y, t hen all people will have been saved from him, so,
∠ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ
(it would be as if he saved t he life of all mankind.) Al-A` mash and ot hers said t hat Abu Salih
said t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "I ent ered on ` Ut hman when he was under siege in his house and
said, ` I came t o give you my support . Now, it is good t o fight (defending you) O Leader of t he
Fait hful!' He said, ` O Abu Hurayrah! Does it please you t hat you kill all people, including me' I
said, ` No.' He said, ` If you kill one man, it is as if you killed all people. Therefore, go back wit h
my permission for you t o leave. May you receive your reward and be saved from burden.' So I
went back and did not fight .''' ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is as Allah
has st at ed,
チ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プキ∃ ゅ∠ジプ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ザ ∃ ∇ヘル∠ ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ゅ⇔ジ∇ヘル∠ モ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョぴ
ゅ∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやモ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プ
びゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャや
(if anyone killed a person not in ret aliat ion of murder, or (and) t o spread mischief in t he land -
it would be as if he killed all mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved t he
life of all mankind.) Saving life in t his case occurs by not killing a soul t hat Allah has forbidden.
So t his is t he meaning of saving t he life of all mankind, for whoever forbids killing a soul
wit hout j ust ificat ion, t he lives of all people will be saved from him.'' Similar was said by
Muj ahid;
びゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And if anyone saved a life...) means, he refrains from killing a soul. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn
` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
∠ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやモ
∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ
(it would be as if he killed all mankind. .) means, "Whoever kills one soul t hat Allah has
forbidden killing, is j ust like he who kills all mankind.'' Sa` id bin Jubayr said, "He who allows
himself t o shed t he blood of a Muslim, is like he who allows shedding t he blood of all people.
He who forbids shedding t he blood of one Muslim, is like he who forbids shedding t he blood of
all people.'' In addit ion, Ibn Jurayj said t hat Al-A` raj said t hat Muj ahid comment ed on t he
Ayah,
∠ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやモ
∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ∠ほ∠ム∠プぴ
(it would be as if he killed all mankind,) "He who kills a believing soul int ent ionally, Allah
makes t he Fire of Hell his abode, He will become angry wit h him, and curse him, and has
prepared a t remendous punishment for him, equal t o if he had killed all people, his punishment
will st ill be t he same.'' Ibn Jurayj said t hat Muj ahid said t hat t he Ayah,
∠ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやゅ∠Β∇ェ∠ぺゅ∠ヨルｚほ∠ム∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ⇒∠Β∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved t he life of all mankind.) means, "He who
does not kill anyone, t hen t he lives of people are safe from him.''
Warning Those who Commit Mischief

Allah said,
びろ
͡ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ャ∂ゅ͡よゅ∠レヤ⊥シ
⊥ ケ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇ゎ￢∠ べ∠ィ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And indeed, t here came t o t hem Our Messengers wit h Al-Bayyinat ,) meaning, clear evidences,
signs and proofs,
チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プマ
∠ ャ͡クギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラｚま͡ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジヨ⊥ ャ∠
(even t hen aft er t hat many of t hem cont inued t o exceed t he limit s in t he land!) This Ayah
chast ises and crit icizes t hose who commit t he prohibit ions, aft er knowing t hat t hey are
prohibit ed from indulging in t hem. The Jews of Al-Madinah, such as Banu Qurayzah, An-Nadir
and Qaynuqa` , used t o fight along wit h eit her Khazraj or Aws, when war would erupt bet ween
t hem during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah. When t hese wars would end, t he Jews would ransom t hose
who were capt ured and pay t he blood money for t hose who were killed. Allah crit icized t hem
for t his pract ice in Surat Al-Baqarah,
Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ￢͡ べ∠ョキ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムヘ͡ ∇ジゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ボ∠ ⇒∠んΒ͡ョゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユゎ⊥ ∇ケゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョ ∇ユム⊥ ジ ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺラ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥
∇ユム⊥ ジ∠ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ ￢͡ Ι ∠ ぽ⊥ ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺｚユを⊥ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠
ラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヰ∠ ⇒∠ヌゎ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠Αキ͡ リあョユ⊥ムレあョゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠
ン∠ゲ⇒∠シぺ⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ラ ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱユ͡ ∇をΗ͡ ゅ͡よユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽわ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ィ⊥ や∠ゲ∇カま͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ∀ュゲｚ ∠エョ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥ギ⇒∠ヘゎ⊥
リ∠ョ￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ヱ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡
ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ゅΒ∠ ∇ルギぁャやり͡ ヲ∠Βエ ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ Ι ｚま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョマ∠ ャ͡クモ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠
モ∃ ヘ͡ ⇒∠ピよ͡ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゆ ͡ や∠グバ∠ ャ∂やギあセ
∠ ぺ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱぁキゲ∠ Α⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎゅｚヨハ ∠
(And (remember) when We t ook your covenant (saying): Shed not your (people's) blood, nor
t urn out your own people from t heir dwellings. Then, (t his) you rat ified and (t o t his) you bear
wit ness. Aft er t his, it is you who kill one anot her and drive out a part y of your own from t heir
homes, assist (t heir enemies) against t hem, in sin and t ransgression. And if t hey come t o you as
capt ives, you ransom t hem, alt hough t heir expulsion was forbidden t o you. Then do you believe
in a part of t he Script ure and rej ect t he rest Then what is t he recompense of t hose who do so
among you, except disgrace in t he life of t his world, and on t he Day of Resurrect ion t hey shall
be consigned t o t he most grievous t orment . And Allah is not unaware of what you do.) 2:84-
85
The Punishment of those Who Cause Mischief in the Land

Allah said next ,
ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ∠ Α͡グャｚや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ

∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
∇やヲ⊥らヤｚ∠ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわｚボ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺや⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プラ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠
リ
∠ ョ͡ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ
∃ ⇒∠ヤカ
͡ ∇リョあユ⊥ヰヤ⊥ィ
⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ノ∠ ト
ｚボ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠
びチ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや
(The recompense of t hose who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in t he
land is only t hat t hey shall be killed or crucified or t heir hands and t heir feet be cut off on t he
opposit e sides, or be exiled from t he land.) ` Wage war' ment ioned here means, oppose and
cont radict , and it includes disbelief, blocking roads and spreading fear in t he fairways. Mischief
in t he land refers t o various t ypes of evil. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat ` Ikrimah and Al-Hasan Al-
Basri said t hat t he Ayat ,
びヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

∠ ヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ
(The recompense of t hose who wage war against Allah and His Messenger) unt il,

ｚま͡ぴ
(Allah is Of-Forgiving, Most Merciful,) "Were revealed about t he idolat ors. Therefore, t he Ayah
decrees t hat , whoever among t hem repent s before you apprehend t hem, t hen you have no
right t o punish t hem. This Ayah does not save a Muslim from punishment if he kills, causes
mischief in t he land or wages war against Allah and His Messenger and t hen j oins rank wit h t he
disbelievers, before t he Muslims are able t o cat ch him. He will st ill be liable for punishment for
t he crimes he commit t ed.'' Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i recorded t hat ` Ikrimah said t hat Ibn
` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah,
ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥よケ͡ ゅ∠エΑ⊥ リ∠ Α͡グャｚや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ
びや⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プラ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠
(The recompense of t hose who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in t he
land...) "Was revealed concerning t he idolat ors, t hose among t hem who repent before being
apprehended, t hey will st ill be liable for punishment for t he crimes t hey commit t ed.'' The
correct opinion is t hat t his Ayah is general in meaning and includes t he idolat ors and all ot hers
who commit t he t ypes of crimes t he Ayah ment ioned. Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat Abu
Qilabah ` Abdullah bin Zayd Al-Jarmi, said t hat Anas bin Malik said, "Eight people of t he ` Ukl
t ribe came t o t he Messenger of Allah and gave him t heir pledge t o follow Islam. Al-Madinah's
climat e did not suit t hem and t hey became sick and complained t o Allah's Messenger . So he
said,
∇リョ͡ やヲ⊥らΒ͡ダわ⊥ プ∠ ∩͡ヮヤ͡よ͡ ま͡ ヶ͡プゅ∠レΒ͡ハや∠ケノ∠ ョ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガゎ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠»
«ゅ∠ヰル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ͡や∠ヲ∇よぺ∠
(Go wit h our shephard t o be t reat ed by t he milk and urine of his camels.) So t hey went as
direct ed, and aft er t hey drank from t he camels' milk and urine, t hey became healt hy, and t hey
killed t he shepherd and drove away all t he camels. The news reached t he Prophet and he sent
(men) in t heir pursuit and t hey were capt ured. He t hen ordered t hat t heir hands and feet be
cut off (and it was done), and t heir eyes were branded wit h heat ed pieces of iron. Next , t hey
were put in t he sun unt il t hey died.'' This is t he wording of Muslim. In anot her narrat ion for t his
Hadit h, it was ment ioned t hat t hese people were from t he t ribes of ` Ukl or ` Uraynah. Anot her
narrat ion report ed t hat t hese people were put in t he Harrah area (of Al-Madinah), and when
t hey asked for wat er, no wat er was given t o t hem. Allah said,
ユ⊥ヰヤ⊥ィ
⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ノ∠ ト
ｚボ∠ ゎ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らヤｚ∠ダΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヤわｚボ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ
びチ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ ブ
∃ ⇒∠ヤカ͡ ∇リョあ
(t hey shall be killed or crucified or t heir hands and t heir feet be cut off on t he opposit e sides,
or be exiled from t he land.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about t his Ayah, ` He
who t akes up arms in Muslim land and spreads fear in t he fairways and is capt ured, t he Muslim
Leader has t he choice t o eit her have him killed, crucified or cut off his hands and feet .'' Similar
was said by Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Muj ahid, ` At a', Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and
Ad-Dahhak, as Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir recorded. This view is support ed by t he fact t hat t he word
Aw (or), indicat es a choice. As Allah said,
メ
∃ ∇ギハ
∠ や∠ヱク∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ユ͡ バ∠ レｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ モ
∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョモ ⊥ ∇んあョ ∀￢へ∠ゴ∠イ∠プぴ
ヱ∠ぺリ
∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャやヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあ
びゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βタ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クメ
⊥ ∇ギハ ∠
(The penalt y is an offering, brought t o t he Ka` bah, of an eat able animal equivalent t o t he one
he killed, as adj udged by t wo j ust men among you; or, for expiat ion, he should feed t he poor,
or it s equivalent in fast ing.) 5:95 Allah said,
ヮ͡ シ
͡ ∇ぺケｚリあョン⇔ク∠ぺヮ͡ よ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ⇔ツΑ͡ゲョｚユ⊥ムレ͡ョラ ∠ ゅ∠ミリ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
びマ∃ジ ⊥ ル⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ る∃ ホ∠ ギ∠ タ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠Βタ
͡ リあョる∀ Α∠ ∇ギヘ͡ プ∠
(And whosoever of you is ill or has an ailment in his scalp (necessit at ing shaving), he must pay a
ransom of eit her fast ing or giving charit y or offering a sacrifice.) and,
ゅ∠ョテ
͡シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム∠ プ∠ ぴ
びる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トゎ⊥
(...for it s expiat ion feed t en of t he poor, on a scale of t he average of t hat wit h which you feed
your own families, or clot he t hem, or free a slave.) All of t hese Ayat offer a choice, j ust as t he
Ayah above. As for Allah's st at ement ,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∇や∇ヲヘ∠ レ⊥Α ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or be exiled from t he land.) some said t hat it means, he is act ively pursued unt il he is
capt ured, and t hus receives his prescribed punishment , or ot herwise he escapes from t he land
of Islam, as Ibn Jarir recorded from Ibn ` Abbas, Anas bin Malik, Sa` id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak,
Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Az-Zuhri, Al-Layt h bin Sa` d and Malik bin Anas. Some said t hat t he Ayah
means t hese people are expelled t o anot her land, or t o anot her st at e by t he Muslims
aut horit ies. Sa` id bin Jubayr, Abu Ash-Sha` t ha', Al-Hasan, Az-Zuhri, Ad-Dahhak and Muqat il bin
Hayyan said t hat he is expelled, but not out side of t he land of Islam, while ot hers said t hat he
is t o be imprisoned. Allah's st at ement ,
り͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ
(That is t heir disgrace in t his world, and a great t orment is t heirs in t he Hereaft er.) means, t he
punishment We prescribed, killing t hese aggressors, crucifying t hem, cut t ing off t heir hands
and feet on opposit e sides, or expelling t hem from t he land is a disgrace for t hem among
mankind in t his life, along wit h t he t remendous t orment Allah has prepared for t hem in t he
Hereaft er. This view support s t he opinion t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about t he idolat ors. As
for Muslims, in his Sahih, Muslim recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "The Messenger of
Allah t ook t he same pledge from us t hat he also t ook from women: That we do not associat e
anyt hing wit h Allah in worship, we do not st eal, commit adult ery, or kill our children, and t hat
we do not spread falsehood about each ot her. He said t hat he who keeps t his pledge, t hen his
reward will be wit h Allah. He who falls int o short comings and was punished, t hen t his will be
his expiat ion. And t hose whose errors were covered by Allah, t hen t heir mat t er is for Allah: If
He wills, He will punish t hem and If He wills, He will pardon t hem.'' ` Ali narrat ed t hat t he
メ
⊥ ギ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ぶ
⊥ ゅ∠プ ∩͡ヮよ͡ ょ ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥バプ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ
∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
ゅ⇔ら∇ルク∠ ょ
∠ ル∠ ∇クぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇らハ
∠ ヴヤ∠ハヮ⊥ わ∠ よ∠ ヲ⊥ボハ
⊥ ヶ ∠ レあん∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡
ュ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ぶ
⊥ ゅ∠プ ∩⊥ヮ∇レハ
∠ ゅ∠ヘハ
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ やロ⊥ ゲ∠わジ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プ
«ヮ∇レハ∠ ゅ∠ヘハ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ∠ ヶ͡プヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ キ∠ ヲ⊥バΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ∇リョ͡
(He who sins in t his life and was punished for it , t hen Allah is far more j ust t han t o combine
t wo punishment s on His servant . He who commit s an error in t his life and Allah hides t his error
and pardons him, t hen Allah is far more generous t han t o punish t he servant for somet hing t hat
He has already pardoned.) iRecorded by Ahmad, Ibn Maj ah and At -Tirmidhi who said, "Hasan
Gharib.''Al-Hafiz Ad-Daraqut ni was asked about t his Hadit h, and he said t hat it was relat ed t o
t he Prophet in some narrat ions, and it was relat ed t o t he Companions in ot hers, and t hat t his
narrat ion from t he Prophet is Sahih. Ibn Jarir comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ マ

∠ ャ͡ク∠ ぴ
(That is t heir disgrace in t his world,) "Meaning, shame, humiliat ion, punishment , cont empt and
t orment in t his life, before t he Hereaft er,
び∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハり͡ ゲ∠ カ
͡Ιｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and a great t orment is t heirs in t he Hereaft er.) if t hey do not repent from t hese errors unt il
deat h overcomes t hem. In t his case, t hey will be st ricken by t he punishment t hat We
prescribed for t hem in t his life and t he t orment t hat We prepared for t hem t herein,
び∀ユΒ͡ヌハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハぴ
(a great t orment ) in t he Fire of Jahannam.''
The Punishment of those who Wage War Against Allah and His
Messenger is Annulled if They Repent Before their Apprehension
Allah said,
∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺモ ͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや Ι ｚま͡ぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ
(Except for t hose who (having fled away and t hen) came back (as Muslims) wit h repent ance
before t hey fall int o your power; in t hat case, know t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
This Ayah is clear in it s indicat ion t hat it applies t o t he idolat ors. As for t he Muslims who
commit t his crime and repent before t hey are apprehended, t he punishment of killing,
crucifixion and cut t ing t he limbs will be waved. The pract ice of t he Companions in t his regard
is t hat all of t he punishment s prescribed in t his case will be waved, as is apparent from t he
wording of t he Ayah. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ash-Sha` bi said, "Harit hah bin Badr At -
Tamimi was living in Al-Basrah, and he commit t ed t he crime of mischief in t he land. So he
t alked t o some men from Quraysh, such as Al-Hasan bin ` Ali, Ibn ` Abbas and ` Abdullah bin
Ja` far, and t hey t alked t o ` Ali about him so t hat he would grant him safet y, but ` Ali refused.
So Harit hah went t o Sa` id bin Qays Al-Hamadani who kept him in his house and went t o ` Ali,
saying, ` O Leader of t he Fait hful! What about t hose who wage war against Allah and His
Messenger and cause mischief in t he land' So he recit ed t he Ayah unt il he reached,
∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボゎ∠ ラ∠ぺモ
͡ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥よゅ∠ゎリ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Except for t hose who (having fled away and t hem) came back cas Muslims) wit h repent ance
before t hey fall int o your power. ) So ` Ali wrot e a document t hat grant ed safet y, and Sa` id bin
Qays said, ` This is for Harit hah bin Badr.''' Ibn Jarir recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn Jarir recorded
t hat ` Amir Ash-Sha` bi said, "A man from Murad came t o Abu Musa, while he was t he governor
of Al-Kufah during t he reign of ` Ut hman, and said t o him aft er he offered t he obligat ory
prayer, ` O Abu Musa! I seek your help. I am so-and-so from Murad and I waged war against
Allah and His Messenger and caused mischief in t he land. I repent ed before you had any
aut horit y over me.' Abu Musa proclaimed, ` This is so-and-so, who had waged war against Allah
and His Messenger and caused mischief in t he land, and he repent ed before we had aut horit y
over him. Therefore, anyone who meet s him, should deal wit h him in a bet t er way. If he is
saying t he t rut h, t hen t his is t he pat h of t hose who say t he t rut h. If he is saying a lie, his sins
will dest roy him. So t he man remained idle for as long as Allah willed, but he lat er rose against
t he leaders, and Allah punished him for his sins and he was killed.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Musa
bin Ishaq Al-Madani said t hat ` Ali Al-Asadi waged war, blocked t he roads, shed blood and
plundered wealt h. The leaders and t he people alike, sought t o capt ure him, but t hey could not
do t hat unt il he came aft er he repent ed, aft er he heard a man recit ing t he Ayah,
∇やヲ⊥トレ∠ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι
∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ジ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやン ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ Αぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ
∠ ∠ゆヲ⊥ルグぁャやゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェケｚリ͡ョ
びユ⊥ Β͡ェゲｚャやケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヘピ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥
(O My servant s who have t ransgressed against t hemselves! Despair not of t he mercy of Allah,
verily, Allah forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) So he said t o t hat man,
"O servant of Allah! Recit e it again.'' So he recit ed it again, and ` Ali put down his sword and
went t o Al-Madinah in repent ance, arriving during t he night . He washed up and went t o t he
Masj id of t he Messenger of Allah and prayed t he dawn prayer. He sat next t o Abu Hurayrah
amidst his companions. In t he morning, t he people recognized him and went aft er him. He
said, "You have no way against me. I came in repent ance before you had any aut horit y over
me.'' Abu Hurayrah said, "He has said t he t rut h,'' and he held his hand and went t o Marwan bin
Al-Hakam, who was t he governor of Al-Madinah during t he reign of Mu` awiyah. Abu Hurayrah
said, "This is ` Ali and he came in repent ance and you do not have a way against him, nor can
you have him killed.'' So ` Ali was absolved of punishment and remained on his repent ance and
went t o t he sea t o perform Jihad in Allah's cause. The Muslims met t he Romans in bat t le, and
t he Muslims brought t he ship ` Ali was in t o one of t he Roman ships, and ` Ali crossed t o t hat
ship and t he Romans escaped from him t o t he ot her side of t he ship, and t he ship capsized and
t hey all drowned.''
ヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Α∠ ぴ
ラｚま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや
ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
ゅ∠ョる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ
͡ や∠グハ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠
ラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ - ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ あらボ⊥ ゎ⊥
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡ ユ⊥ワゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ
(35. O you who believe! Have Taqwa of Allah and seek t he Wasilah t o Him, and st rive hard in
His cause, so t hat you may be successful.) (36. Verily, t hose who disbelieve, if t hey had all t hat
is in t he eart h, and as much again t herewit h t o ransom t hemselves t hereby from t he t orment
on t he Day of Resurrect ion, it would never be accept ed of t hem. And t heirs would be a painful
t orment .) (37. They will long t o get out of t he Fire, but never will t hey get out t herefrom; and
t heirs will be a last ing t orment .)
Commanding Taqwa, Wasilah, and Jihad

Allah commands His fait hful servant s t o fear Him in Taqwa, which if ment ioned along wit h act s
of obedience, it means t o refrain from t he prohibit ions and t he prohibit ed mat t ers. Allah said
next ,
びる∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ Β∠ャま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇よや∠ヱぴ

(seek t he Wasilah t o Him.) Sufyan At h-Thawri said t hat Talhah said t hat ` At a' said t hat Ibn
` Abbas said t hat Wasilah means ` t he means of approach'. Muj ahid, Abu Wa'il, Al-Hasan,
Qat adah, ` Abdullah bin Kat hir, As-Suddi, Ibn Zayd and ot hers gave t he same meaning for
Wasilah. Qat adah said t hat t he Ayah means, "Seek t he means of approach t o Him by obeying
Him and performing t he act s t hat please Him.''
びる∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ よあケ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ

∠ ヲ⊥ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハ∇ギΑ∠ リ
(Those whom t hey call upon seek a means of access t o t heir Lord (Allah).) 17:57 Wasilah is a
means of approach t o achieve somet hing, and it is also used t o refer t o t he highest grade in
Paradise, and it is t he grade of t he Messenger of Allah , his residence and t he nearest grade in
Paradise t o Allah's Throne. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he
ロ͡ グ͡ ワゆｚケ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや :￢∠ や∠ギレあャやノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ リ ∠ Β͡ェメ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇リョ∠ »
や⇔ギヨｚエ
∠ ョ⊥ れ ͡ へ ∩͡るヨ∠ も͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ャやり͡ ゅ∠ヤダｚャや∠ヱ ∩͡るョｚゅｚわャやり͡ ヲ∠ ∇ハギｚャや
ヵ͡グャｚやや⇔キヲ⊥ヨ∇エョ∠ ゅ⇔ョゅ∠ボョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇んバ∠ ∇よや∠ヱ ∩∠るヤ∠Β͡ツヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱる∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャや
«る∠ョゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る⊥ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヘゼ
ｚャやヮ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろヤｚェ
∠ ゅｚャま͡∩⊥ヮゎ∠ ∇ギハ
∠ ヱ∠
(Whoever, aft er hearing t o t he Adhan says, "O Allah! Lord of t his perfect call and of t he regular
prayer which is going t o be est ablished! Grant Muhammad t he Wasilah and superiorit y and send
him on t he Day of Judgment t o t he praisewort hy st at ion which You have promised him," t hen
int ercession from me will be permit t ed for him on t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Muslim recorded
t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr bin Al-` As said t hat he heard t he Prophet saying,
ｚユを⊥ ∩⊥メヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅ∠ョモ ∠ ∇んョ͡ やヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボプ∠ ラ ∠ クあぽ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇バヨ͡ シ

∠ や∠クま͡»
ぶ⊥ やヴｚヤタ ∠ り⇔ ゅ∠ヤタ ∠ ヶｚヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴｚヤタ ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩ｚヶヤ∠ハ ∠ やヲぁヤタ ∠
る∀ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レョ∠ ゅ∠ヰルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩∠る∠ヤΒ͡シ∠ヲ∇ャやヶ ∠ ャ͡ やヲ⊥ヤシ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩や⇔ゲ∇ゼハ ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠
ヲ⊥ィ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩͡ぶやキ͡ ゅ∠らハ ͡ ∇リョ͡ ギ∃ ∇らバ∠ ャ͡ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レゎ∠ ゅ∠ャる͡ レｚイ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プ
∇ろヤｚェ ∠ る∠ ヤ∠Β͡シヲ∠ ∇ャやヶ ∠ ャ͡ メ ∠ ほ∠シ
∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠ヲワ⊥ ゅ∠ル∠ぺラ ∠ ヲ⊥ミぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠
«る∠ハゅ∠ヘゼｚャやヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠
(When you hear t he Mu'adhdhin, repeat what he says, and t hen ask for Salah (blessing, mercy
from Allah) for me. Verily, whoever asks for Salah for me, t hen Allah will grant t en Salah t o
him. Then, ask for t he Wasilah for me, for it is a grade in Paradise t hat only one servant of
Allah deserves, and I hope t hat I am t hat servant . Verily, whoever asks (Allah) for Wasilah for
me, he will earn t he right of my int ercession.) Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠ィヱ∠ ぴ
(and st rive hard in His cause as much as you can. So t hat you may be successful.) Aft er Allah
commanded Muslims t o avoid t he prohibit ions and t o work t owards obedience, He commanded
t hem t o fight against t heir enemies, t he disbelievers and idolat ors who have deviat ed from t he
st raight pat h and abandoned t he correct religion. Allah encouraged t he believers by reminding
t hem of t he unending success and great happiness t hat He prepared for t hem for t he Day of
Resurrect ion, which will never change or decrease for t hose who j oin Jihad in His cause. They
will remain in t he loft y rooms of Paradise t hat are safe and beaut iful. Those who live in t hese
dwellings will always be comfort able and will never be miserable, living, never dying, and t heir
clot hes will never grow t hin, nor will t heir yout h ever end.
No Amount of Ransom Shall Be Accepted from the Disbelievers on

the Day of the Judgment and They Will Remain in the Fire
Allah t hen describes t he painful t orment and punishment t hat He has prepared for His
disbelieving enemies for t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said,
チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ラｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ

ュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ゆ
͡ や∠グハ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヘΒ∠ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠∇んョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ ∠
び ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ
∠ あらボ⊥ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャや
(Verily, t hose who disbelieve, if t hey had all t hat is in t he eart h, and as much again t herewit h
t o ransom t hemselves t hereby from t he t orment on t he Day of Resurrect ion, it would never be
accept ed of t hem. And t heirs would be a painful t orment .) So if a disbeliever brought t he
eart h's fill of gold, and t wice as much as t hat amount on t he Day of Judgment t o ransom
himself from Allah's t orment t hat has surrounded him, and he is cert ain t hat he will suffer from
it , it will not be accept ed of him. Rat her, t here is no escaping t he t orment , and he will not be
able t o evade or save himself from it . Hence Allah's st at ement ,

(And t heirs would be a painful t orment .) meaning, hurt ful,
ユ⊥ワゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギΑ͡ゲΑ⊥ ぴ

び ∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ リ
∠ Β͡ィゲ͡ ⇒∠ガよ͡
(They will long t o get out of t he Fire, but never will t hey get out t herefrom, and t heirs will be
a last ing t orment .) In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
∇やヱ⊥ギΒ͡ハぺ⊥ ユｙビ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヱ⊥キや∠ケぺ∠ べ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ
びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
(Every t ime t hey seek t o get away t herefrom, in anguish, t hey will be driven back t herein.)
Therefore, t hey will st ill long t o leave t he t orment because of t he severit y and t he pain it
causes. They will have no way of escaping it . The more t he flames lift t hem t o t he upper part
of Hell, t he more t he angels of punishment will st rike t hem wit h iron bars and t hey will fall
down t o it s dept hs,
び∀ユΒ͡ボョぁ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ

(And t heirs will be a last ing t orment .) meaning, et ernal and everlast ing, and t hey will never be
able t o depart from it or avoid it . Anas bin Malik said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ュ∠ キ∠ へリ∠ ∇よやゅ∠Α:ヮ⊥ ャ∠ メ
⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやモ
͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ モ͡ィ ⊥ ゲｚャゅ͡よヴ∠ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ »
∩∃ノイ ∠ ∇ツョ∠ ゲｚセ ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ∨∠マバ∠ イ ∠ ∇ツョ∠ れ ∠ ∇ギィ
∠ ヱ∠ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠
:メ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∨ゅ⇔らワ∠ ク∠ チ ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやゆ ͡ や∠ゲボ⊥ よ͡ ヵギ͡ わ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇モワ∠ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠
マ∠ わ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∩∠ろ∇よグ∠ ミ∠ :ぶ ⊥ やメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ ゆ
あケ∠ ゅ∠Α ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :メ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠
«ケゅｚレャやヴ∠ャま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゲ⊥ ョ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユヤ∠プ∠ マ∠ ャ͡ク ∇リョ͡ モｚホ∠ ぺ∠
(A man from t he people of t he Fire will be brought fort h and will be asked, ` O son of Adam!
How did you find your dwelling' He will say, ` The worst dwelling.' He will be t old, ` Would you
ransom yourself wit h t he eart h's fill of gold' He will say, ` Yes, O Lord!' Allah will say t o him,
` You have lied. I asked you for what is less t han t hat and you did not do it ,' and he will be
ordered t o t he Fire.) Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded it .
ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ Α∠ ギ͡ ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥バト

∠ ∇ホゅ∠プる⊥ ホ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや∠ヱベ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚジャや∠ヱぴ
ゆ
∠ ゅ∠ゎリ∠ヨプ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ムェ ∠ ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョあ Κ⇔ ⇒∠ムル∠ ゅ∠らジ
∠ ミ∠
ラ
∠ ゆ ⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚみ͡プ∠ ウ
∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ
マ
⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャや
リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョゆ ⊥ あグバ∠ Α⊥ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャや
び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠
(38. And (as for) t he male t hief and t he female t hief, cut off t heir hands as a recompense for
t hat which bot h commit t ed, a punishment by way of example from Allah. And Allah is All-
Powerful, All-Wise.) (39. But whosoever repent s aft er his crime and does right eous good deeds,
t hen verily, Allah will pardon him. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (40. Know you
not t hat t o Allah (Alone) belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h! He forgives whom
He wills and He punishes whom He wills. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.)
The Necessity of Cutting off the Hand of the Thief

Allah commands and decrees t hat t he hand of t he t hief, male or female be cut off. During t he
t ime of Jahiliyyah, t his was also t he punishment for t he t hief, and Islam upheld t his
punishment . In Islam, t here are several condit ions t hat must be met before t his punishment is
carried out , as we will come t o know, Allah willing. There are ot her rulings t hat Islam upheld
aft er modifying t hese rulings, such as t hat of blood money for example. When Does Cut t ing t he
Hand of t he Thief Become Necessary In is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said
t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, n
∩⊥ロギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ る∠ ツ
∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやベ
⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ベ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚジャやぶ ⊥ やリ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠»
«ロ⊥ギ∠Α ノ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ モ
∠ ∇らエ
∠ ∇ャやベ
⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠
(May Allah curse t he t hief who st eals an egg and as a result his hand is cut off, and who st eals
rope and as a result his hand is cut off.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat
«や⇔ギハ
͡ ゅ∠ダプ∠ ケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡キノ͡ ∇よケ⊥ ヶ͡プベ
͡ ケ͡ ゅｚジャやギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ »
(The hand of t he t hief shall be cut off if he st eals a quart er of a Dinar or more.) Muslim
recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ケ∃ ゅレΑ͡キノ͡ ∇よケ⊥ ヶ͡プゅｚャま͡ ベ

͡ ケゅｚジャやギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»
«や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ダプ∠
(The hand of t he t hief shall only be cut off if he st eals a quart er of a Dinar or more.) This
Hadit h is t he basis of t he mat t er since it specifies (t hat t he least amount of t heft t hat deserves
cut t ing t he hand) is a quart er of a Dinar. So t his Hadit h fixes t he value. And saying t hat it is
t hree Dirhams is not a cont radict ion. This is because t he Dinar in quest ion was equal t o t welve
Dirhams, so t hree Dirhams equalled a fourt h of a Dinar. So in t his way it is possible t o
harmonize t hese t wo views. This opinion was report ed from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, ` Ut hman
bin ` Affan,
When Does Cutting the Hand of the Thief Become Necessary

In is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat Abu Hurayrah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said, n
∩⊥ロギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ る∠ ツ
∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやベ
⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ベ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚジャやぶ ⊥ やリ ∠ バ∠ ャ∠»
«ロ⊥ギ∠Α ノ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボわ⊥ プ∠ モ
∠ ∇らエ
∠ ∇ャやベ
⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠
(May Allah curse t he t hief who st eals an egg and as a result his hand is cut off, and who st eals
rope and as a result his hand is cut off.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t hat ` A'ishah said t hat
«や⇔ギハ
͡ ゅダ
∠ プ∠ ケ∃ ゅ∠レΑ͡キノ͡ ∇よケ⊥ ヶ͡プベ
͡ ケ͡ ゅｚジャやギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ »
(The hand of t he t hief shall be cut off if he st eals a quart er of a Dinar or more.) Muslim
recorded t hat ` A'ishah, may Allah be pleased wit h her, said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ケ∃ ゅレΑ͡キノ͡ ∇よケ⊥ ヶ͡プゅｚャま͡ ベ

͡ ケゅｚジャやギ⊥ Α∠ ノ⊥ ト
∠ ∇ボゎ⊥ ゅ∠ャ»
«や⇔ギハ ͡ ゅ∠ダ∠プ
(The hand of t he t hief shall only be cut off if he st eals a quart er of a Dinar or more.) This
Hadit h is t he basis of t he mat t er since it specifies (t hat t he least amount of t heft t hat deserves
cut t ing t he hand) is a quart er of a Dinar. So t his Hadit h fixes t he value. And saying t hat it is
t hree Dirhams is not a cont radict ion. This is because t he Dinar in quest ion was equal t o t welve
Dirhams, so t hree Dirhams equalled a fourt h of a Dinar. So in t his way it is possible t o
harmonize t hese t wo views. This opinion was report ed from ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab, ` Ut hman
bin ` Affan, ` Ali bin Abi Talib - may Allah be pleased wit h t hem - and it is t he view of ` Umar bin
` Abdul-` Aziz, Al-Layt h bin Sa` d, Al-Awza` i, and Ash-Shafi` i and his companions. This is also
t he view of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal and Ishaq bin Rahwayh in one of t he narrat ions from him,
as well as Abu Thawr, and Dawud bin ` Ali Az-Zahari, may Allah have mercy upon t hem. As for
Imam Abu Hanifah and his st udent s Abu Yusuf, Muhammad and Zufar, along wit h Sufyan At h-
Thawri, t hey said t hat t he least amount of t heft t hat deserves cut t ing off t he hand is t en
Dirhams, whereas a Dinar was t welve Dirhams at t hat t ime. The first ruling is t he correct one,
t hat t he least amount of t heft is one fort h of a Dinar or more. This meager amount was set as
t he limit for cut t ing t he hand, so t hat t he people would refrain from t heft , and t his is a wise
decision t o t hose who have sound comprehension. Hence Allah's st at ement ,
∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ

∠ ョあ Κ
⇔ ⇒∠ムル∠ ゅ∠らジ
∠ ミ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ￢⇔ へ∠ゴィ∠ぴ
び∀ユΒ͡ムェ
∠
(as a recompense for t hat which bot h commit t ed, a punishment by way of example from Allah.
And Allah is All-Powerful, All-Wise.) This is t he prescribed punishment for t he evil act ion t hey
commit t ed, by st ealing t he propert y of ot her people wit h t heir hands. Therefore, it is fit t ing
t hat t he t ool t hey used t o st eal t he people's wealt h be cut off as punishment from Allah for
t heir error.
び∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is All-Powerful, ) in His t orment ,
び∀ユΒ͡ムェ
∠ぴ
(All-Wise.) in His commands, what he forbids, what He legislat es and what He decrees.
Repentance of the Thief is Acceptable

Allah said next ,
ゆ
⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ウ
∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ
⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョゆ
∠ ゅ∠ゎリ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
∠
(But whosoever repent s aft er his crime and does right eous good deeds, t hen verily, Allah will
pardon him. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Therefore, whoever repent s and goes
back t o Allah aft er he commit s t heft , t hen Allah will forgive him. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat
` Abdullah bin ` Amr said t hat a woman commit t ed t heft during t he t ime of t he Messenger of
Allah and t hose from whom she st ole brought her and said, "O Allah's Messenger! This woman
st ole from us.'' Her people said, "We ransom her.'' The Messenger of Allah said,
«ゅ∠ワギ∠ Α∠ やヲ⊥バト
∠ ∇ホや»
(Cut off her hand.) They said, "We ransom her wit h five hundred Dinars.'' The Prophet said,
«ゅ∠ワギ∠ Α∠ やヲ⊥バト
∠ ∇ホや»
(Cut off her hand.) Her right hand was cut off and t he woman asked, "O Messenger of Allah! Is
t here a chance for me t o repent '' He said,
«マぁョぺ⊥ マ
͡ ∇ゎギ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ミ∠ マ
͡ わ͡ ゃ∠ Β͡トカ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやろ
͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ »
(Yes. This day, you are free from your sin j ust as t he day your mot her gave birt h t o you.) Allah
sent down t he verse in Surat Al-Ma'idah,
ゆ
⊥ ヲ⊥わΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ウ
∠ ヤ∠∇タぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヨ͡ ∇ヤニ
⊥ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョゆ
∠ ゅ∠ゎリ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
∠
(But whosoever repent s aft er his crime and does right eous good deeds (by obeying Allah), t hen
verily, Allah will pardon him. Verily, Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) This woman was
from t he t ribe of Makhzum. Her st ory was narrat ed in t he Two Sahihs from Az-Zuhri from
` Urwah from ` A'ishah, The incident caused concern for t he Quraysh aft er she commit t ed t he
t heft during t he t ime of t he bat t le of t he Conquest of Makkah . They said, "Who can t alk t o
Allah's Messenger about her mat t er'' They t hen said, "Who dares speak t o him about such
mat t ers ot her t han Usamah bin Zayd, his loved one.'' When t he woman was brought t o t he
Messenger of Allah , Usamah bin Zayd t alked t o him about her and t he face of t he Messenger
changed color (because of anger) and he said,
«∨ｚモィ
∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ
͡ やキ͡ ヱ⊥ギェ
⊥ ∇リョ͡ ギ∠ ェ
∠ ヶ͡プノ⊥ ヘ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ ぺ∠»
(Do you int ercede in a punishment prescribed by Allah) Usamah said t o him, "Ask Allah t o
forgive me, O Allah's Messenger!'' During t hat night , t he Messenger of Allah st ood up and gave a
speech and praised Allah as He deserves t o be praised. He t hen said,
やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやマ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚみ͡プ∠ ギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ゅｚョぺ∠»
ユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡プベ
∠ ゲ∠ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ∩⊥ロヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ブ ⊥ Α͡ゲゼｚャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ Β͡プベ∠ ゲ∠ シ∠ や∠クま͡
ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩ｚギエ ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ ブ ⊥ Β͡バツｚャや
ろ⊥ ∇バト ∠ ボ∠ ャ∠ ∇ろホ∠ ゲ∠ シ∠ ギ∃ ヨｚエ ∠ ョ⊥ ろ ∠ ∇レよ͡ る∠ ヨ∠ デ͡ ゅ∠プラｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ Β∠ よ͡
«ゅ∠ワギ∠ Α∠
(Those who were before you were dest royed because when an honorable person among t hem
would st eal, t hey would leave him. But , when a weak man among t hem st ole, t hey
implement ed t he prescribed punishment against him. By Him in Whose Hand is my soul! If
Fat imah t he daught er of Muhammad st ole, I will have her hand cut off.) The Prophet
commanded t hat t he hand of t he woman who st ole be cut off, and it was cut off. ` A'ishah said,
` Her repent ance was sincere aft erwards, and she got married and she used t o come t o me so
t hat I convey her needs t o t he Messenger of Allah.'' This is t he wording t hat Muslim collect ed,
and in anot her narrat ion by Muslim, ` A'ishah said, "She was a woman from Makhzum who used
t o borrow t hings and deny t hat she t ook t hem. So t he Prophet ordered t hat her hand be cut
off.'' Allah t hen said,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΕ
∠ や∠ヱれ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやマ
⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
(Know you not t hat t o Allah (Alone) belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h!) He
owns everyt hing and decides what He wills for it and no one can resist His j udgment ,
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョゆ
⊥ グあバ∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ヨャ͡ ゲ⊥ ヘ͡ ∇ピΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ
∠ あモミ⊥
(He forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is able t o do all t hings.)
ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやマ ∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ

リ͡ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∇プほ∠よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや
ゆ͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ∇やヱ⊥キゅ͡ワリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
ユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥プゲ∂ エ ∠ Α⊥ ポ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲカ ∠ や￢ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠
ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ⊥ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ラま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヮ͡ バ͡ ッ
͡ ヲ∠ョギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ
リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやキ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚラ͡まヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやキ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ ∠ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠
ヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰ∂ ト ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺ
ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒ｚミぺ∠ ゆ ͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ ∠ ∀ユΒ͡ヌ∠ハ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡ ∇Ιや
∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プポ ∠ ヱ￢べ∠ィラ͡みプ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エジぁヤ͡ャ
∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ ∠ ポ ∠ ヱぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠
ぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ テ ͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プろ ∠ ∇ヨム∠ ェ∠
り⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ マ ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨム∂ エ ∠ Α⊥ ブ ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡トジ ͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャや
マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ∠ ャ͡クギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョラ ∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ∇ムェ
⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
∀ケヲ⊥ル∠ヱン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺべｚル͡まリ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ
∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワリ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ ∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚャやゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠
ょ
͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ∇エわ⊥ ∇シやゅ∠ヨよ͡ ケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェ∇Ιや∠ヱラ ∠ ヲぁΒル͡ ゅｚよゲｚャや∠ヱ
サ
∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゼ ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ￢へ∠ギヰ∠ セ ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや
∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠ゃ⇒͡よ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ラ ͡ ∇ヲゼ∠ ∇カや∠ヱ
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠
(41. O Messenger! Let not t hose who hurry t o fall int o disbelief grieve you, of such who say,
"We believe'' wit h t heir mout hs but t heir heart s have no fait h. And of t he Jews are men who
list en much and eagerly t o lies, list ening t o ot hers who have not come t o you. They change t he
words from t heir places; t hey say, "If you are given t his, t ake it , but if you are not given t his,
t hen beware!'' And whomsoever Allah want s t o put in Fit nah, you can do not hing for him against
Allah. Those are t he ones whose heart s Allah does not want t o purify; for t hem t here is a
disgrace in t his world, and in t he Hereaft er a great t orment .) (42. They (like t o) list en t o
falsehood, t o devour Suht . So if t hey come t o you, eit her j udge bet ween t hem, or t urn away
from t hem. If you t urn away from t hem, t hey cannot hurt you in t he least . And if you j udge,
j udge wit h j ust ice bet ween t hem. Verily, Allah loves t hose who act j ust ly.) (43. But how do
t hey come t o you for a decision while t hey have t he Tawrah, in which is t he decision of Allah;
yet even aft er t hat t hey t urn away. For t hey are not believers.) (44. Verily, We did send down
t he Tawrah, t herein was guidance and light , by which t he Prophet s who submit t ed t hemselves
t o Allah's will, j udged for t he Jews. And t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar, for t o t hem was
ent rust ed t he prot ect ion of Allah's Book, and t hey were wit nesses t heret o. Therefore fear not
men but fear Me and sell not My verses for a miserable price. And whosoever does not j udge by
what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers.)
Do Not Feel Sad Because of the Behavior of the Jews and

Hypocrites
These honorable Ayat were revealed about t hose who rush int o disbelief, deviat ing from t he
obedience of Allah, His Messenger, prefering t heir opinions and lust s t o what Allah has
legislat ed,
リ͡ョ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ワ͡ ヲ∠ ∇プほ∠よ͡ ゅレｚョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ

∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョ͡ ぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ よ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥
(of such who say, "We believe'' wit h t heir mout hs but t heir heart s have no fait h.) These people
pret end t o be fait hful wit h t heir words, but t heir heart s are empt y from fait h, and t hey are t he
hypocrit es.
び∇やヱ⊥キゅ∠ワリ
∠ ョあぴ
(And of t he Jews...) t he enemies of Islam and it s people, t hey and t he hypocrit es all,
びゆ
͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ
∠ぴ
(list en much and eagerly t o lies...) and t hey accept and react t o it posit ively,
びポ
∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ リ
∠ Α͡ゲカ
∠ や∠￢ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨシ
∠ぴ
(list ening t o ot hers who have not come t o you,) meaning, t hey list en t o some people who do
not at t end your meet ings, O Muhammad. Or, t he Ayah might mean, t hey list en t o what you say
and convey it t o your enemies who do not at t end your audience.
The Jews Alter and Change the Law, Such As Stoning the Adulterer
びヮ͡ バ͡ ッ
͡ ヲ∠ ョ∠ ギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョユ∠ ヤ͡ム∠ ∇ャやラ
∠ Α⊥ ぴ
(They change t he words from t heir places:) by alt ering t heir meanings and knowingly dist ort ing
t hem aft er t hey comprehended t hem,
ロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚラ͡まヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ

⊥ プ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ラま͡ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボ∠Αぴ
び∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プ
(t hey say, "If you are given t his, t ake it , but if you are not given t his, t hen beware!") It was
report ed t hat t his part of t he Ayah was revealed about some Jews who commit t ed murder and
who said t o each ot her, "Let us ask Muhammad t o j udge bet ween us, and if he decides t hat we
pay t he Diyah, accept his j udgement . If he decides on capit al punishment , do not accept his
j udgement .'' The correct opinion is t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he t wo Jews who
commit t ed adult ery. The Jews changed t he law t hey had in t heir Book from Allah on t he mat t er
of punishment for adult ery, from st oning t o deat h, t o a hundred flogs and making t he offenders
ride a donkey facing t he back of t he donkey. When t his incident of adult ery occurred aft er t he
Hij rah, t hey said t o each ot her, "Let us go t o Muhammad and seek his j udgement . If he gives a
ruling of flogging, t hen implement his decision and make it a proof for you wit h Allah. This
way, one of Allah's Prophet s will have upheld t his ruling amongst you. But if he decides t hat t he
punishment should be st oning t o deat h, t hen do not accept his decision.'' There are several
Hadit hs ment ioning t his st ory. Malik report ed t hat Nafi` said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said,
"The Jews came t o Allah's Messenger and ment ioned t hat a man and a woman from t hem
commit t ed adult ery. Allah's Messenger said t o t hem,
«∨͡ユ∇ィゲｚャやラ
͡ ∇ほセ
∠ ヶ͡プり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやヶ͡プラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギイ
͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
(What do find of t he ruling about st oning in t he Tawrah) They said, ` We only find t hat t hey
should be exposed and flogged.' ` Abdullah bin Salam said, ` You lie. The Tawrah ment ions
st oning, so bring t he Tawrah.' They brought t he Tawrah and opened it but one of t hem hid t he
verse about st oning wit h his hand and recit ed what is before and aft er t hat verse. ` Abdullah
bin Salam said t o him, ` Remove your hand,' and he removed it , t hus uncovering t he verse about
st oning. So t hey said, He (` Abdullah bin Salam) has said t he t rut h, O Muhammad! It is t he verse
about st oning.' The Messenger of Allah decided t hat t he adult erers be st oned t o deat h and his
command was carried out . I saw t hat man shading t he woman from t he st ones wit h his body.''
Al-Bukhari and Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h and t his is t he wording collect ed by Al-
Bukhari. In anot her narrat ion by Al-Bukhari, t he Prophet said t o t he Jews,
«∨ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ よ͡ ラヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»

(What would you do in t his case) They said, "We would humiliat e and expose t hem.'' The
Prophet recit ed,
び∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎゅ∠プり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Bring here t he Tawrah and recit e it , if you are t rut hful.) So t hey brought a man who was blind
in one eye and who was respect ed among t hem and said t o him, "Read (from t he Tawrah).'' So
he read unt il he reached a cert ain verse and t hen covered it wit h his hand. He was t old,
"Remove your hand,'' and it was t he verse about st oning. So t hat man said, "O Muhammad! This
is t he verse about st oning, and we had hid it s knowledge among us.'' So t he Messenger ordered
t hat t he t wo adult erers be st oned, and t hey were st oned. Muslim recorded t hat a Jewish man
and a Jewish woman were brought before Allah's Messenger because t hey commit t ed adult ery.
The Messenger of Allah went t o t he Jews and asked t hem,
«∨ヴ∠ルコ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヴヤ∠ハり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやヶ͡プラ

∠ ヱ⊥ギイ
͡ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
(What is t he ruling t hat you find in t he Tawrah for adult ery) hThey said, "We expose t hem,
carry t hem (on donkeys) backwards and parade t hem in public.'' The Prophet recit ed;
び∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まゅ∠ワヲ⊥ヤ∇ゎゅ∠プり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほプ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ

(Bring here t he Tawrah and recit e it , if you are t rut hful.) So t hey brought t he Tawrah and read
from it unt il t he reader reached t he verse about st oning. Then he placed his hand on t hat verse
and read what was before and aft er it . ` Abdullah bin Salam, who was wit h t he Messenger of
Allah , said, "Order him t o remove his hand,'' and he removed his hand and under it was t he
verse about st oning. So t he Messenger of Allah commanded t hat t he adult erers be st oned, and
t hey were st oned. ` Abdullah bin ` Umar said, "I was among t hose who st oned t hem and I saw
t he man shading t he woman from t he st ones wit h his body.'' Abu Dawud recorded t hat Ibn
` Umar said, "Some Jews came t o t he Messenger of Allah and invit ed him t o go t o t he Quff area.
So he went t o t he house of Al-Midras and t hey said, ` O Abu Al-Qasim! A man from us
commit t ed adult ery wit h a woman, so decide on t heir mat t er.' They arranged a pillow for t he
Messenger of Allah and he sat on it and said,
«りや∠ケ∇ヲわｚャゅ͡よヶ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや»

(Bring t he Tawrah t o me.) He was brought t he Tawrah and he removed t he pillow from under
him and placed t he Tawrah on it , saying,
«マ∠ャゴ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ マ

͡ よ͡ ろ
⊥ ∇レョ∠ へ»
(I t rust you and He Who revealed it t o you.) He t hen said,
«ユ⊥ムヨ͡ ヤ∠∇ハほ∠よ͡ ヶ͡ルヲ⊥わ∇もや»

(Bring me your most knowledgeable person.) So he was brought a young man... '' and t hen he
ment ioned t he rest of t he st ory t hat Malik narrat ed from Nafi` . These Hadit hs st at e t hat t he
Messenger of Allah issued a decision t hat conforms wit h t he ruling in t he Tawrah, not t o honor
t he Jews in what t hey believe in, for t he Jews were commanded t o follow t he Law of
Muhammad only. Rat her, t he Prophet did t his because Allah commanded him t o do so. He
asked t hem about t he ruling of st oning in t he Tawrah t o make t hem admit t o what t he Tawrah
cont ains and what t hey collaborat ed t o hide, deny and exclude from implement ing for all t hat
t ime. They had t o admit t o what t hey did, alt hough t hey did it while having knowledge of t he
correct ruling. What made t hem go t o t he Prophet for j udgement in t his mat t er was t heir lust s
and desires, hoping t hat t he Prophet would agree wit h t heir opinion, not t hat t hey believed in
t he correct ness of his j udgment . This is why t hey said,
びや∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ユわ⊥ Β͡ゎヱ⊥ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ

(If you are given t his,) referring t o flogging, t hen t ake it ,
び∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェゅ∠プロ⊥ ∇ヲゎ∠ ∇ぽゎ⊥ ∇ユャｚラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ

(but if you are not given t his, t hen beware!) and do not accept or implement it . Allah said
next ,
ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ マ∠ ヤ͡∇ヨゎ∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやキ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ゲ∠ ヰあト
∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやキ͡ ゲ͡ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやマ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥
∀ゆや∠グ∠ハり͡ ゲ∠ カ ͡Ιｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∀ン∇ゴ͡カゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヴ͡プ
びろ
͡ ∇エジぁヤ͡ャラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤ⇒ｚミぺ∠ ゆ
͡ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ヤャ͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バ⇒ｚヨジ ∠ ヨ∀ Β͡ヌハ ∠
(And whomsoever Allah want s t o put in Fit nah, you can do not hing for him against Allah. Those
are t he ones whose heart s Allah does not want t o purify; for t hem t here is a disgrace in t his
world, and in t he Hereaft er a great t orment . They (like t o) list en t o falsehood, t o devour Suht )
` Suht ' refers t o bribes, as Ibn Mas` ud and ot hers st at ed. The Ayah st at es t hat if one is like t his,
how can Allah cleanse his heart and accept his supplicat ion Allah said t o His Prophet ,
びポ
∠ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(So if t hey come t o you...) so t hat you j udge bet ween t hem,
∇チゲ͡ ∇バゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ

∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プぴ
∠ ポ
∠ ヱぁゲツ
⊥ Α∠ リ∠ヤプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠
(eit her j udge bet ween t hem, or t urn away from t hem. If you t urn away from t hem, t hey cannot
hurt you in t he least .) meaning, t here is no harm if you do not j udge bet ween t hem. This is
because when t hey came t o you t o j udge bet ween t hem, t hey did not seek t o follow t he t rut h,
but only what conformed t o t heir lust s. We should ment ion here t hat Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid,
` Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, As-Suddi, Zayd bin Aslam, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, and several ot hers
said t hat t his part of t he Ayah was abrogat ed by Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェやラ
͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And so j udge among t hem by what Allah has revealed.)
びテ
͡ ∇ジボ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プろ
∠ ∇ヨム∠ ェ
∠ ∇ラま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And if you j udge, j udge wit h j ust ice bet ween t hem.) and wit h fairness, even if t he Jews were
unj ust and out cast s from t he pat h of fairness,
びリ
∠ Β͡トジ
͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah loves t hose who act j ust ly.)
Chastising the Jews for Their Evil Lusts and Desires, While Praising
the Tawrah
Allah t hen chast ises t he Jews for t heir false ideas and deviant desires t o abandon what t hey
believe is t rue in t heir Book, and which t hey claim is t heir et ernal Law t hat t hey are always
commanded t o adhere t o. Yet , t hey do not adhere t o t he Tawrah, but t hey prefer ot her laws
over it , alt hough t hey believe t hat t hese ot her laws are not correct and do not apply t o t hem.
Allah said,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ∇ムェ
⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プり⊥ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハヱ∠ マ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヨムあエ
∠ Α⊥ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びリ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よマ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠ョヱ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョラ∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ｚユを⊥
(But how do t hey come t o you for decision while t hey have t he Tawrah, in which is t he decision
of Allah; yet even aft er t hat t hey t urn away. For t hey are not believers.) Allah next praises t he
Tawrah t hat He sent down t o His servant and Messenger Musa, son of ` Imran,
ゅ∠ヰよ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやゅ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺべｚル͡まぴ

∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇シぺ∠ リ
∠ ヲぁΒら͡ レｚャや
(Verily, We did send down t he Tawrah t o Musa , t herein was guidance and light , by which t he
Prophet s who submit t ed t hemselves t o Allah's will, j udged t he Jews.) and t hese Prophet s did
not deviat e from t he law of t he Tawrah, change or alt er it ,
びケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ
ｘや∠ヱラ
∠ ヲぁΒル͡ ゅｚよゲｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And (also) t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar...) wherein Rabbaniyyun refers t o t he worshippers
who are learned and religious, and Ahbar refers t o t he scholars,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやょ
͡ ⇒∠わミ͡ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヌ͡ヘ∇エわ⊥ ∇シやゅ∠ヨよ͡ ぴ
(for t o t hem was ent rust ed t he prot ect ion of Allah's Book,) meaning, t hey were ent rust ed wit h
t he Book of Allah, and t hey were commanded t o adhere t o it and not hide any part of,
ラ
͡ ∇ヲゼ∠ ∇カや∠ヱサ∠ ゅｚレャや ∇やヲ⊥ ゼ
∠ ∇ガゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ギヰ∠ セ
⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱ∠ ぴ
べ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ Κ ⇔ Β͡ヤホ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヴ͡わ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ゼゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
びラ∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺ
(and t hey were wit nesses t heret o. Therefore fear not men but fear Me and sell not My verses
for a miserable price. And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he
disbelievers.) There are t wo ways t o explain t his Ayah and we will ment ion t he lat er.
Another Reason Behind Revealing these Honorable Ayat

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Allah sent down t he Ayat ,
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャや
(And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers,)
びラ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ
(Such are t he unj ust ,) and,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ
(Such are t he rebellious.) about t wo groups among t he Jews. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, one
of t hem had defeat ed t he ot her. As a result , t hey made a t reat y t hat t hey would pay blood
money t ot aling fift y Wasaq of gold (each Wasaq approx. 3 kg) for every dead person from t he
defeat ed group killed by t he vict ors, and a hundred Wasaq for every dead person t he defeat ed
group killed from t he vict ors. This t reat y remained in effect unt il t he Prophet came t o Al-
Madinah and bot h of t hese groups became subservient under t he Prophet . Yet , when t he
might y group once suffered a casualt y at t he hands of t he weaker group, t he might y group sent
a delegat ion demanding t he hundred Wasaq. The weaker group said, ` How can t wo groups who
have t he same religion, one ancest ral lineage and a common land, have a Diyah t hat for some
of t hem is half of t hat of t he ot hers We only agreed t o t his because you oppressed us and
because we feared you. Now t hat Muhammad has come, we will not give you what you asked.'
So war was almost rekindled bet ween t hem, but t hey agreed t o seek Muhammad's j udgement in
t heir disput e. The might y group among t hem said among t hemselves , ` By Allah! Muhammad
will never give you double t he Diyah t hat you pay t o t hem compared t o what t hey pay t o you.
They have said t he t rut h anyway, for t hey only gave us t his amount because we oppressed and
overpowered t hem. Therefore, send someone t o Muhammad who will sense what his j udgement
will be. If he agrees t o give you what you demand, accept his j udgment , and if he does not give
you what you seek, do not refer t o him for j udgement .' So t hey sent some hypocrit es t o t he
Messenger of Allah t o t ry and find out t he Messenger's j udgement . When t hey came t o t he
Messenger , Allah informed him of t heir mat t er and of t heir plot . Allah sent down,
ヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハケ͡ ゅ∠ジΑ⊥ リ
∠ ル⊥ゴ∇エΑ∠ Ι
∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
びゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャや
(O Messenger! Let not t hose who hurry t o fall int o disbelief grieve you,) unt il,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやぴ
(Such are t he rebellious.) By Allah! It is because of t heir problem t hat Allah sent down t hese
verses and it is t hey whom Allah meant .'' Abu Dawud collect ed a similar narrat ion for t his
Hadit h. Abu Ja` far Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Ayah in Surat Al-Ma'idah,
∠ ∇チゲ͡ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇ェゅ∠プぴ
(eit her j udge bet ween t hem, or t urn away from t hem...) unt il,
びリ
∠ Β͡トジ
͡ ∇ボヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ
(Those who act j ust ly.) was revealed concerning t he problem of blood money bet ween Bani An-
Nadir and Bani Qurayzah. The dead of Bani An-Nadir were being honored more and t hey
received t he full amount of Diyah, while Qurayzah received half t he Diyah for t heir dead. So
t hey referred t o t he Messenger of Allah for j udgement and Allah sent down t hese verses about
t hem. The Messenger of Allah compelled t hem t o adhere t o t he t rue j udgement in t his mat t er
and made t he Diyah t he same for bot h groups and Allah knows best about t hat mat t er.'' Ahmad,
Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded t his Hadit h from Abu Ishaq. Al-` Awfi and ` Ali bin Abi
Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t hese Ayat were revealed about t he t wo Jews who
commit t ed adult ery, and we ment ioned t he Hadit hs about t his st ory before. It appears t hat
bot h of t hese were t he reasons behind revealing t hese Ayat , and Allah knows best . This is why
Allah said aft erwards,
リ
∠ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱザ
͡ ∇ヘレｚャゅ͡よザ
∠ ∇ヘレｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びリ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
(And We ordained t herein for t hem: Life for life, eye for eye) unt il t he end of t he Ayah, which
st rengt hens t he opinion t hat t he st ory of t he Diyah was behind revealing t he Ayat as we
explained above. Allah knows best . Allah said,
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
びラ
(And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers.) Al-Bara'
bin ` Azib, Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman, Ibn ` Abbas, Abu Mij laz, Abu Raj a' Al-` Ut aridi, ` Ikrimah,
` Ubaydullah bin ` Abdullah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri and ot hers said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about
t he People of t he Book. Al-Hasan Al-Basri added t hat t his Ayah also applies t o us. ` Abdur-
Razzaq said t hat At h-Thawri said t hat Mansur said t hat Ibrahim said t hat t hese Ayat , "Were
revealed about t he Children of Israel, and Allah accept ed t hem for t his Ummah.'' Ibn Jarir
recorded t his st at ement . ` Ali bin Abi Talhah also st at ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on Allah's
st at ement ,
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
びラ
(And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers,)
"Whoever rej ect s what Allah has revealed, will have commit t ed Kufr, and whoever accept s
what Allah has revealed, but did not rule by it , is a Zalim (unj ust ) and a Fasiq (rebellious) and a
sinner.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement . ` Abdur-Razzaq said, "Ma` mar narrat ed t o us t hat
Tawus said t hat Ibn ` Abbas was asked about Allah's st at ement ,
びユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ

(And whosoever does not j udge...) He said, ` It is an act of Kufr.' Ibn Tawus added, ` It is not
like t hose who disbelieve in Allah, His angels, His Books and His Messengers.' At h-Thawri
narrat ed t hat Ibn Jurayj said t hat ` At a' said, ` There is Kufr and Kufr less t han Kufr, Zulm and
Zulm less t han Zulm, Fisq and Fisq less t han Fisq.''' Waki` said t hat Sa` id Al-Makki said t hat
Tawus said t hat ,
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
びラ
(And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers,) "This is
not t he Kufr t hat annuls one's religion.''
リ∠ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱザ ͡ ∇ヘレｚャゅ͡よザ ∠ ∇ヘレｚャやラｚぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ∠ ミ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
リｚジあャや∠ヱラ ͡ ク⊥ Ι
ｙゅ͡よラ ∠ ク⊥ Ι
ｙや∠ヱブ ͡ ∇ルΙ
ｘゅ͡よブ ∠ ∇ルΙｘや∠ヱリ ͡ ∇Βバ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ ∠ ギｚダ
∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホゥ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱリあジあャゅ͡よ
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ルぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや
(45. And We ordained t herein for t hem "Life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear,
t oot h for t oot h, and wounds equal for equal. " But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of
charit y, it shall be for him an expiat ion. And whosoever does not j udge by t hat which Allah has
revealed, such are t he unj ust .) This Ayah also chast ises and crit icizes t he Jews because in t he
Tawrah, t hey have t he law of a life for a life. Yet , t hey defied t his ruling by t ransgression and
rebellion. They used t o apply t his ruling when a person from Bani An-Nadir was killed by a
Qurayzah person, but t his was not t he case when t he opposit e occurred. Rat her, t hey would
revert t o Diyah in t his case. They also defied t he ruling in t he Tawrah t o st one t he adult erer
and inst ead came up wit h t heir own form of punishment , flogging, humiliat ion and parading
t hem in public. This is why Allah said in t he previous Ayah, t
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
びラ
(And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he disbelievers.) because
t hey rej ect ed Allah's command wit h full int ent ion and wit h t ransgression and rebellion. In t his
Ayah, Allah said,
びラ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠ ぴ
(such are t he unj ust .) because t hey did not exact t he oppressed his due right s from t he
oppressor in a mat t er which Allah ordered t hat all be t reat ed equally and fairly. Inst ead, t hey
defied t hat command, commit t ed inj ust ice and t ransgressed against each ot her.
A Man is Killed for a Woman Whom He Kills

Imam Abu Nasr bin As-Sabbagh st at ed in his book, Ash-Shamil, t hat t he scholars agree t hat t his
Ayah 5:45 should be implement ed, and t he Imams agree t hat t he man is killed for a woman
whom he kills, according t o t he general indicat ions of t his Ayah. A Hadit h t hat An-Nasa'i
recorded st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah had t his st at ement writ t en in t he book t hat he
gave ` Amr bin Hazm,
«り∠ぺ∇ゲ∠ヨ∇ャゅ͡よモ
⊥ わ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ モ
∠ィ
⊥ ゲｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠»
(The man is killed for t he woman (whom he kills).) In anot her Hadit h, t he Messenger said,
«ユ⊥ワぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョキ͡ ほ⊥プ∠ ゅ∠ムわ∠ ゎ∠ ラ

∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャや»
(Muslims are equal regarding t he sanct it y of t heir blood.) This is also t he opinion of t he
maj orit y of t he scholars. What furt her support s what Ibn As-Sabbagh said is t he Hadit h t hat
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "Ar-Rabi` (his aunt ) broke t he t oot h of a girl,
and t he relat ives of Ar-Rabi` request ed t he girl's relat ives t o forgive (t he offender), but t hey
refused. So, t hey went t o t he Prophet who ordered t hem t o bring about ret aliat ion. Anas bin
An-Nadr, her brot her, asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! Will t he t oot h of Ar-Rabi` be broken' The
Messenger of Allah said, ` O Anas! The Book of Allah prescribes ret aliat ion.' Anas said, ` No, by
Him Who has sent you wit h t he Trut h, her t oot h will not be broken. ' Lat er t he relat ives of t he
girl agreed t o forgive Ar-Rabi` and forfeit t heir right t o ret aliat ion. The Messenger of Allah
said,
«ロゲよΕ ぶやヴヤハユジホぺヲャリョぶやキゅらハリョラま»

(There are some of Allah's servant s who, if t hey t ake an oat h by Allah, Allah fullfils t hem.)'' It
was recorded in t he Two Sahihs.
Retaliation for Wounds

Allah said,
び∀ソゅ∠ダ͡ホゥ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲイ
⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ
(and wounds equal for equal.) ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Life for life,
an eye for an eye, a nose, if cut off, for a nose, a t oot h broken for a t oot h and wounds equal
for wound.'' The free Muslims, men and women, are equal in t his mat t er. And t heir slaves, male
and female, are equal in t his mat t er. And t his ruling is t he same regarding int ent ional murder
and lesser offenses, as Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded.
An Important Ruling
The ret aliat ion for wounds should not be implement ed unt il t he wounds of t he vict im heal. If
ret aliat ion occurs before t he wound heals, and t hen t he wound becomes aggravat ed, t he vict im
will have no addit ional right s in t his case. The proof for t his ruling is what Imam Ahmad
narrat ed from ` Amr bin Shu` ayb, from his fat her, from his grandfat her t hat a man once
st abbed anot her man in his leg using a horn. The vict im came t o t he Prophet asking for
ret aliat ion, and t he Prophet said,
«ぺ∠ゲ∇らゎ∠ ヴｚわェ
∠»
(Not unt il you heal.) The man again came t o t he Prophet and asked for equalit y in ret aliat ion
and t he Prophet allowed him t hat . Lat er on, t hat man said, "O Messenger of Allah! I limp now.''
The Messenger said,
モ
∠ト∠ よ∠ ヱ∠ ぶ
⊥ やポ
∠ ギ∠バ∇よほ∠プ∠ ∩ヶ͡レわ∠ ∇Βダ
∠ バ∠ プ∠ マ
∠ わ⊥ ∇Βヰ∠ ル∠ ∇ギホ∠ »
«マ⊥ィゲ∠ ハ ∠
(I had asked you t o wait , but you disobeyed me. Therefore, Allah cast you away and your limp
has no compensat ion.) Aft erwards, t he Messenger of Allah forbade t hat t he wound be
ret aliat ed for unt il t he wound of t he vict im heals. If t he vict im is allowed t o ret aliat e for his
wound caused by t he aggressor and t he aggressor dies as a result , t here is no compensat ion in
t his case, according t o t he maj orit y of t he Companions and t heir followers.
The Pardon is Expiation for Such Offenses

Allah said,
びヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ
∠ ギｚダ
∠ ゎ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it shall be for him an expiat ion.) ` Ali
bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed t hat
びヮ͡ よ͡ ベ
∠ ギｚダ
(But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y) means; "If one pardons by way of
charit y, it will result in expiat ion for t he aggressor and reward for t he vict im.'' Sufyan At h-
Thawri said t hat ` At a' bin As-Sa'ib said t hat Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, ` He who
pardons t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it will be an expiat ion for t he aggressor and a reward
for t he vict im wit h Allah.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement . Jabir bin ` Abdullah said t hat
びヮ⊥ ｚャ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ベ
∠ ギｚダ
(But if anyone remit s t he ret aliat ion by way of charit y, it shall be for him an expiat ion,) "For
t he vict im.'' This is also t he opinion of Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Abu Ishaq Al-
Hamdani. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "I heard t he Messenger of
Allah saying,
ベ
⊥ ギｚダ
∠ わ∠ Β∠ プ∠ る⇔ ェ
∠ や∠ゲィ∠ ロ͡ ギ͡ ジ
∠ィ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ゥ ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇イΑ⊥ モ
∃ィ⊥ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
«ヮ͡よベ ∠ ギｚダ
∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョモ
∠ ∇んョ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ぶ⊥ やゲ∠ ヘｚミ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ͡
(Any man who suffers a wound on his body and forfeit s his right of ret aliat ion as way of charit y,
t hen Allah will pardon him t hat which is similar t o what he forfeit ed.) An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir
recorded t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
∠ ゴ∠ ルぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや
(And whosoever does not j udge by t hat which Allah has revealed, such are t he unj ust .) Earlier
we ment ioned t he st at ement s of ` At a' and Tawus t hat t here is Kufr and lesser Kufr, inj ust ice
and lesser inj ust ice and Fisq and lesser Fisq.
ゅ⇔ホあギダ∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ͡ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ∠バよ͡ ユ͡ワゲ͡ ⇒∠をや￢ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

ヮ͡ Β͡プモ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηやヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢∠ヱり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわ∠ ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ
り͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ
∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠ヨャあ ⇔ゅホあギ∠ダョ⊥ ∠ヱ ∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥
モ͡ Β͡イル͡Ηやモ ⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ - リ∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャある⇔ ヌ
∠ハ ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ム∇エΑ∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱほ⊥プ∠
(46. And in t heir foot st eps, We sent ` Isa, son of Maryam, confirming t he Tawrah t hat had come
before him, and We gave him t he Inj il, in which was guidance and light and confirmat ion of t he
Tawrah t hat had come before it , a guidance and an admonit ion for t hose who have Taqwa.)
(47. Let t he people of t he Inj il j udge by what Allah has revealed t herein. And whosoever does
not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he rebellious.)
Allah Mentions ` Isa and Praises the Injil

Allah said,
びゅ∠レ∇Βヘｚホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and We sent ...) meaning, We sent
び∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ⇒∠をや∠￢ヴ∠ヤハ

∠ぴ
(in t heir foot st eps) meaning t he Prophet s of t he Children of Israel,
リ
∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ
∠ ョ⊥ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
͡ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ∠バよ͡ ぴ
びり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわ∠ ャや
(` Isa, son of Maryam, confirming t he Tawrah t hat had come before him,) meaning, he believed
in it and ruled by it .
び∀ケヲ⊥ルヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヮ͡ Β͡プモ

∠ Β͡イル͡Ηやヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ
(and We gave him t he Inj il, in which was guidance and light ) a guidance t hat direct s t o t he
t rut h and a light t hat removes t he doubt s and solves disput es,
びり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ
∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and confirmat ion of t he Tawrah t hat had come before it ,) meaning, he adhered t o t he
Tawrah, except for t he few inst ances t hat clarified t he t rut h where t he Children of Israel
differed. Allah st at es in anot her Ayah t hat ` Isa said t o t he Children of Israel,
⊥ ヵ͡グャｚやヂ
∠ ∇バよ∠ ユ⊥ムャ∠ モ
ｚェ
͡Ιｘヱ∠ ぴ
(. ..and t o make lawful t o you part of what was forbidden t o you.) So t he scholars say t hat t he
Inj il abrogat ed some of t he rulings of t he Tawrah. Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボわｚヨ⊥ ∇ヤャある∀ ヌ
∠ハ͡ ∇ヲョ∠ ヱ∠ ン⇔ギワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(a guidance and an admonit ion for t hose who have Taqwa.) means, We made t he Inj il guidance
and an admonit ion t hat prohibit s commit t ing sins and errors, for t hose who have Taqwa of
Allah and fear His warning and t orment . Allah said next ,
びヮ͡ Β͡プヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ モ
͡ Β͡イル͡Ηやモ
⊥ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇エΒ∠ ∇ャヱ∠ ぴ
(Let t he people of t he Inj il j udge by what Allah has revealed t herein.) meaning, so t hat He
j udges t he people of t he Inj il by it in t heir t ime. Or, t he Ayah means, so t hat t hey believe in all
t hat is in it and adhere t o all it s commands, including t he good news about t he coming of
Muhammad and t he command t o believe in and follow him when he is sent . Allah said in ot her
Ayat ,
∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボゎ⊥ ヴｚわェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ

∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ
∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ モ
∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや
(Say "O People of t he Script ure! You have not hing (guidance) unt il you act according t o t he
Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has been sent down t o you from your Lord.'') and,
ン͡グャｚやヴ
ｚョあ Ε
⊥やヴｚら͡ レｚャやメ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥バら͡ わｚ Α∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやぴ
びり͡ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャやヴ͡プ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ レ͡ハゅ⇔よヲ⊥わ∇ムョ∠ ヮ⊥ ∠ルヱ⊥ギ͡イ∠Α
(Those who follow t he Messenger, t he Prophet who can neit her read nor writ e whom t hey find
writ t en wit h t hem in t he Tawrah...) unt il,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャやぴ
(...successful.) Here, Allah said,
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ マ
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや
(And whosoever does not j udge by what Allah has revealed, such are t he rebellious.) meaning,
t he rebellious and disobedient of Allah who prefer falsehood and abandon t rut h. We ment ioned
before t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he Christ ians, and t his is evident from t he cont ext of
t he Ayah.
ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ
∠ ョ⊥ ペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よょ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
メ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ヨ∇Βヰ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡
ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ ペあエ ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ポ
∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィゅｚヨハ ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ
∠ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや￢∠ べ∠セ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔イ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ ∠ ∇ゲセ͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ∠
やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョヴ͡プ ∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ あャリ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚぺ⊥
ゅ∠ヨ͡よユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ ͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ぶやヴ∠ャま͡ れ ͡ や∠ゲ∇Βガ∠ ャや
メ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェやラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミ
リ∠ハポ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
ゅ∠ヨルｚぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ マ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠
や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラｚま͡ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ヂ ͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ヤｚャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥
ラ∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ る͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャやユ∠ ∇ムエ ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘャ∠ サ͡ ゅｚレャやリ ∠ ョあ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ∠ ョ͡ リ ⊥ジ ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠
(48. And We have sent down t o you t he Book (t his Qur'an) in t rut h, confirming t he Script ure
t hat came before it and Muhayminan over it (old Script ures). So j udge bet ween t hem by what
Allah has revealed, and follow not t heir vain desires, diverging away from t he t rut h t hat has
come t o you. To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allah willed, He
would have made you one nat ion, but t hat (He) may t est you in what He has given you; so
compet e in good deeds. The ret urn of you (all) is t o Allah; t hen He will inform you about t hat
in which you used t o differ.) (49. And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and
follow not t heir vain desires, but beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat
which Allah has sent down t o you. And if t hey t urn away, t hen know t hat Allah's will is t o
punish t hem for some sins of t heirs. And t ruly, most men are rebellious. (50. Do t hey t hen seek
t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance And who is bet t er in j udgement t han Allah for a
people who have firm fait h.)
Praising the Qur'an; the Command to Refer to the Qur'an for

Judgment
Allah ment ioned t he Tawrah t hat He sent down t o His Prophet Musa, t he one whom He spoke
direct ly t o, praising it , commanding t hat it should be implement ed, before it was abrogat ed.
Allah t hen ment ioned t he Inj il, praised it and commanded it s people t o adhere t o it and follow
it , as we st at ed. He next ment ioned t he Glorious Qur'an t hat He sent down t o His honorable
servant and Messenger. Allah said,
びペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よょ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ャゴ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
(And We have sent down t o you t he Book in t rut h...) meaning, wit h t he t rut h t hat , no doubt , is
coming from Allah,
びょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヮ͡ ∇Αギ∠ Α∠ リ
∠ ョ⊥ ぴ
(confirming t he Script ure t hat came before it ) meaning, t he Divinely Revealed Books t hat
praised t he Qur'an and ment ioned t hat it would be sent down from Allah t o His servant and
Messenger Muhammad . The Qur'an was revealed as was foret old in t he previous Script ures.
This fact increased fait h in t he previous Script ures for t he sincere who have knowledge of t hese
Script ures, t hose who adhered t o Allah's commands and Laws and believed in His Messengers.
Allah said,
ユ∠ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ

ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽゎ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
- や⇔ギイｚシ ⊥ ラ ͡ ゅ∠ホ∇クΚ
ｘャ͡ ラ∠ ヱぁゲガ ͡ Α∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠クま͡ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ
Ι⇔ ヲ⊥バ∇ヘヨ∠ ャ∠ ゅ∠レよあケ∠ ギ⊥ ∇ハヱ∠ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミラ͡まべ∠レよあケ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠エ∇らシ ⊥ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠
び
(Say: "Believe in it or do not believe (in it ). Verily, t hose who were given knowledge before it ,
when it is recit ed t o t hem, fall down on t heir faces in humble prost rat ion.'' And t hey say: "Glory
be t o our Lord! Truly, t he promise of our Lord must be fulfilled.'') meaning t hat t hey say, t he
promise of our Lord, concerning t he coming of Muhammad by t he words of His previous
Messengers, will cert ainly be fulfilled. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ ゅ⇔レ͡ヨ∇Βヰ∠ ョ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and Muhayminan over it ) means ent rust ed over it , according t o Sufyan At h-Thawri who
narrat ed it from Abu Ishaq from At -Tamimi from Ibn ` Abbas. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat
Ibn ` Abbas said, "Muhaymin is, ` t he Trust wort hy'. Allah says t hat t he Qur'an is t rust wort hy over
every Divine Book t hat preceded it .'' This was report ed from ` Ikrimah, Sa` id bin Jubayr,
Muj ahid, Muhammad bin Ka` b, ` At iyyah, Al-Hasan, Qat adah, ` At a' Al-Khurasani, As-Suddi and
Ibn Zayd. Ibn Jarir said, "The Qur'an is t rust wort hy over t he Books t hat preceded it . Therefore,
what ever in t hese previous Books conforms t o t he Qur'an is t rue, and what ever disagrees wit h
t he Qur'an is false.'' Al-Walibi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Muhayminan means, ` Wit ness'.
Muj ahid, Qat adah and As-Suddi said t he same. Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat
Muhayminan means, ` dominant over t he previous Script ures'. These meanings are similar, as
t he word Muhaymin includes t hem all. Consequent ly, t he Qur'an is t rust wort hy, a wit ness, and
dominant over every Script ure t hat preceded it . This Glorious Book, which Allah revealed as
t he Last and Final Book, is t he most encompassing, glorious and perfect Book of all t imes. The
Qur'an includes all t he good aspect s of previous Script ures and even more, which no previous
Script ure ever cont ained. This is why Allah made it t rust wort hy, a wit ness and dominant over
all Script ures. Allah promised t hat He will prot ect t he Qur'an and swore by His Most Honorable
Self,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヌヘ͡ ⇒∠エャ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ゅｚルま͡ヱ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ミグあャやゅ∠レ∇ャゴｚ ∠ルリ
⊥ ∇エル∠ ゅｚル͡まぴ
(Verily, We, it is We Who have sent down t he Dhikr and surely, We will guard it (from
corrupt ion).) Allah said,
びヮ⊥ ヤｚャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ヰレ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェゅ∠プぴ
(So j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed.) The Ayah commands: O Muhammad! Rule
bet ween t he people, Arabs and non-Arabs, let t ered and unlet t ered, by what Allah has revealed
t o you in t his Glorious Book and what it approves of for you from t he Law of t he previous
Prophet s, as Ibn Jarir said. Ibn Abi Hat im report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Prophet had t he
choice t o j udge bet ween t hem or t o t urn away from t hem and refer t hem t o t heir own Law.
Then t his Ayah was revealed,
∇ノら͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェやラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠
(So j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed, and follow not t heir vain desires. ..) and
he was commanded t o j udge bet ween t hem by our Book.''. Allah's st at ement
び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι

∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and follow not t heir vain desires...) This means t he ideas t hey promot e, because of which t hey
t urned away from what Allah revealed t o His Messengers. This is why Allah said,
びペ
あエ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ポ
∠ ￢∠ べ∠ィゅｚヨハ
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And follow not t heir vain desires, diverging away from t he t rut h t hat has come t o you.) The
Ayah commands: Do not diverge from t he t rut h t hat Allah has ordained for you, t o t he vain
desires of t hese miserable, ignorant people. Allah's st at ement ,
びゅ⇔イ⇒∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ハ
∠ ∇ゲセ
͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ
(To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way.)
びる⇔ ハ
∠ ∇ゲセ
͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ｙモム⊥ ャ͡ぴ
(To each among you, We have prescribed a law) Shir` at meaning, a clear pat h, as Ibn Abi Hat im
recorded from Ibn ` Abbas.
びり⇔ ギ∠ ェ
͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ
(If Allah willed, He would have made you one nat ion.) This is a general proclamat ion t o all
nat ions informing t hem of Allah's might y abilit y. If Allah wills, He would make all mankind
follow one religion and one Law, t hat would never be abrogat ed. Allah decided t hat every
Prophet would have his own dist inct law t hat is lat er abrogat ed part ially or t ot ally wit h t he law
of a lat t er Prophet . Lat er on, all previous laws were abrogat ed by t he Law t hat Allah sent wit h
Muhammad , His servant and Messenger, whom Allah sent t o t he people of eart h as t he Final
Prophet . Allah said,
∇ユミ⊥ ヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ あャリ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ り⇔ ギ∠ ェ

͡ ヱ∠ る⇔ ョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠バ∠ イ
びユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョヴ͡プ
(If Allah willed, He would have made you one nat ion, but t hat (He) may t est you in what He has
given you.) This Ayah means, Allah has inst it ut ed different laws t o t est His servant s' obedience
t o what He legislat es for t hem, t hus, He rewards or punishes t hem according t o t heir act ions
and what t hey int end. ` Abdullah bin Kat hir said t hat t he Ayah,
びユ⊥ム⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョヴ͡プぴ

(In what He has given you.) means, of t he Book. Next , Allah encouraged rushing t o perform
good deeds,
びれ
͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ
(so st rive as in a race in good deeds.) which are obedience t o Allah, following His Law t hat
abrogat ed t he laws t hat came before it , and believing in His Book, t he Qur'an, which is t he
Final Book t hat He revealed. Allah said next ,
び∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ
͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ぶやヴ∠ャま͡ぴ
(The ret urn of you (all) is t o Allah;) Therefore, O people, your ret urn and final dest inat ion is t o
Allah on t he Day of Resurrect ion,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘヤ͡わ∠ ∇ガゎ∠ ヮ͡ Β͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ レ⊥ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ムゃ⊥ らあレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(t hen He will inform you about t hat in which you used t o differ.) Allah will inform you about
t he t rut h in which you used t o differ and will reward t he sincere, as compensat ion for t heir
sincerit y, and will punish t he disbelieving, rebellious people who rej ect ed t he t rut h and
deviat ed from it t o ot her pat hs, wit hout proof or evidence t o j ust ify t heir act ions. Rat her, t hey
have rej ect ed t he clear evidences, unequivocal proofs and est ablished signs. Ad-Dahhak said
t hat ,
びれ
͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ボら͡ わ∠ ∇シゅ∠プぴ
(So st rive as in a race in good deeds.)is direct ed at t he Ummah of Muhammad , but t he first
view is more apparent . Allah's st at ement ,
∇ノら͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェやラ ͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠
(And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and follow not t heir vain desires,)
emphasizes t his command and forbids ignoring it . Allah said next ,
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヂ
͡ ∇バよ∠ リ∠ハポ
∠ ヲ⊥レわ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱぴ
びマ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
(but beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat which Allah has sent down
t o you. ) meaning; beware of t he Jews, your enemies, lest t hey dist ort t he t rut h for you in
what t hey convey t o you. Therefore, do not be deceived by t hem, for t hey are liars,
t reacherous and disbelievers.
び∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ぴ
(And if t hey t urn away,) from t he j udgement t hat you pass in t heir disput es, and t hey defy
Allah's Law,
び∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ヂ
͡ ∇バら∠ よ͡ ユ⊥ヰら∠ Β͡ダΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚぺ∠ ∇ユヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プぴ
(t hen know t hat Allah's will is t o punish t hem for some sins of t heirs.) meaning, know t hat t his
will occur according t o t he decree of Allah, and because out of His wisdom t hey have deviat ed
from t he t rut h, and because of t heir previous sins.
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘャ∠ サ
∠ ョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And t ruly, most men are rebellious.) Therefore, t he maj orit y of humans are disobedient t o
t heir Lord, defiant of t he t rut h and deviat e away from it . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ よ͡ ろ
∠ ∇タゲ∠ ェ
∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ べ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And most people will not believe even if you desire it eagerly,) and,
リ∠ハポ
∠ ヲぁヤツ
͡ Α⊥ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プリ∠ョゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ∇ノト͡ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠
(And if you obey most of t hose on t he eart h t hey will mislead you far away from Allah's pat h.)
Muhammad bin Ishaq report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Ka` b bin Asad, Ibn Saluba, ` Abdullah bin
Surya and Shas bin Qays said t o each ot her, ` Let us go t o Muhammad t o t ry and misguide him
from his religion.' So t hey went t o t he Prophet and said, ` O Muhammad! You know t hat we are
t he scholars, noblemen and chiefs of t he Jews. If we follow you, t he Jews will follow suit and
will not cont radict us. But , t here is enmit y bet ween us and some of our people, so we will refer
t o you for j udgement in t his mat t er, and you should rule in our favor against t hem and we will
believe in you.' The Messenger of Allah refused t he offer and Allah sent down t hese Ayat about
t hem,
∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠ ∇ノら͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι

∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ヨよ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ユ⊥ム∇ェやラ
͡ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやメ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヂ ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ∠ハポ ∠ ヲ⊥レわ͡ ∇ヘΑ∠ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユワ⊥ ∇ケグ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ
びマ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡
(And so j udge bet ween t hem by what Allah has revealed and follow not t heir vain desires, but
beware of t hem lest t hey t urn you far away from some of t hat which Allah has sent down t o
you.) unt il,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(for a people who have firm fait h.)'' Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his Hadit h. Allah
cont inues,
∠ ョ͡ リ
⊥ジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ る͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャやユ∠ ∇ムエ⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ ⊥
(Do t hey t hen seek t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance And who is bet t er in j udgement
t han Allah for a people who have firm fait h) Allah crit icizes t hose who ignore Allah's
commandment s, which include every t ype of right eous good t hing and prohibit every t ype of
evil, but t hey refer inst ead t o opinions, desires and cust oms t hat people t hemselves invent ed,
all of which have no basis in Allah's religion. During t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, t he people used t o
abide by t he misguidance and ignorance t hat t hey invent ed by sheer opinion and lust s. The
Tat ar (Mongols) abided by t he law t hat t hey inherit ed from t heir king Genghis Khan who wrot e
Al-Yasiq, for t hem. This book cont ains some rulings t hat were derived from various religions,
such as Judaism, Christ ianit y and Islam. Many of t hese rulings were derived from his own
opinion and desires. Lat er on, t hese rulings became t he followed law among his children,
preferring t hem t o t he Law of t he Book of Allah and t he Sunnah of His Messenger . Therefore,
whoever does t his, he is a disbeliever who deserves t o be fought against , unt il he revert s t o
Allah's and His Messenger's decisions, so t hat no law, minor or maj or, is referred t o except by
His Law. Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ピ∇らΑ∠ る͡ Βｚヤ͡ヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャやユ∠ ∇ムエ
⊥ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
(Do t hey t hen seek t he j udgement of (t he days of) ignorance) meaning, t hey desire and want
t his and ignore Allah's j udgement ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥レホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ ャあゅ⇔ヨ∇ムェ
⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ リ
⊥ジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And who is bet t er in j udgement t han Allah for a people who have firm fait h) Who is more j ust
in decision t han Allah for t hose who comprehend Allah's Law, believe in Him, who are cert ain
t hat Allah is t he best among t hose who give decisions and t hat He is more merciful wit h His
creat ion t han t he mot her wit h her own child Allah has perfect knowledge of everyt hing, is able
t o do all t hings, and He is j ust in all mat t ers. Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Qasim At -Tabarani recorded t hat
Ibn ` Abbas said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ヶ͡プヶ͡ピわ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∩ｚモィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ

∠ ぶ͡ やヴ∠ャま͡ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやヂ ⊥ ピ∠ ∇よぺ∠»
ゲ͡ ∇Βピ∠ よ͡ ￢∃ ン͡ゲ∇ョやュ͡ キ∠ ょ⊥ ャ͡ゅ∠デヱ∠ ∩͡るΒｚヤ͡ワ͡ ゅ∠イ∇ャやる∠ レｚシ
⊥ ュ͡ ゅ∠ヤ∇シみ͡∇ャや
«ヮ∠ョキ∠ ペ ∠ Α͡ゲΒ⊥ ャ͡ ペ∠ェ ∠
(The most hat ed person t o Allah is t he Muslim who seeks t he ways of t he days of ignorance and
he who seeks t o shed t he blood of a person wit hout j ust ificat ion.) Al-Bukhari recorded Abu Al-
Yaman narrat ing a similar Hadit h, wit h some addit ion.
∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

リ∠ョヱ∠ ヂ ∃ ∇バよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ツ ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚャや∠ヱ
ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠
∀チ∠ゲョｚユ͡ヰ͡よヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやン∠ゲわ∠ プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャや
り∀ ゲ∠ も͡ へ∠キゅ∠レら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺヴ∠ゼ∇ガル∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プラ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥
ロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ウ ͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヴ
∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠
-リ ∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ル ∇ユヰ͡ ジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ͡プ ∇やヱぁゲシ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒⊥ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやメ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠
(51. O you who believe! Do not t ake friends from t he Jews and t he Christ ians, as t hey are but
friends of each ot her. And if any among you befriends t hem, t hen surely, he is one of t hem.
Verily, Allah guides not t hose people who are t he wrongdoers.) (52. And you see t hose in whose
heart s t here is a disease, t hey hurry t o t heir friendship, saying: "We fear lest some misfort une
of a disast er may befall us. '' Perhaps Allah may bring a vict ory or a decision according t o His
will. Then t hey will become regret ful for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in
t hemselves.) (53. And t hose who believe will say: "Are t hese t he men who swore t heir st rongest
oat hs by Allah t hat t hey were wit h you'' All t hat t hey did has been in vain, and t hey have
become t he losers.)
The Prohibition of Taking the Jews, Christians and Enemies of Islam

as Friends
Allah forbids His believing servant s from having Jews and Christ ians as friends, because t hey
are t he enemies of Islam and it s people, may Allah curse t hem. Allah t hen st at es t hat t hey are
friends of each ot her and He gives a warning t hreat t o t hose who do t his,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レあョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(And if any among you befriends t hem, t hen surely he is one of t hem.) Ibn Abi Hat im recorded
t hat ` Umar ordered Abu Musa Al-Ash` ari t o send him on one sheet of balance t he count of what
he t ook in and what he spent . Abu Musa t hen had a Christ ian scribe, and he was able t o comply
wit h ` Umar's demand. ` Umar liked what he saw and exclaimed, "This scribe is proficient .
Would you read in t he Masj id a let t er t hat came t o us from Ash-Sham'' Abu Musa said, ` He
cannot .'' ` Umar said, "Is he not pure'' Abu Musa said, "No, but he is Christ ian.'' Abu Musa said,
"So ` Umar admonished me and poked my t high (wit h his finger), saying, ` Drive him out (from
Al-Madinah).' He t hen recit ed,
∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι
び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚャや∠ヱ
(O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as friends...)'' Then he report ed t hat
` Abdullah bin ` Ut bah said, "Let one of you beware t hat he might be a Jew or a Christ ian, while
unaware.'' The narrat or of t his st at ement said, "We t hought t hat he was referring t o t he Ayah,
∠キヲ⊥ヰ∠Β∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι
び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚャや∠ヱ
(O you who believe! Take not t he Jews and t he Christ ians as friends, )'' Allah said,
び∀チ∠ゲョｚユ͡ヰよ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プリ

(And you see t hose in whose heart s t here is a disease...) A disease of doubt , hesit at ion and
hypocrisy.
び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ぴ
(t hey hurry t o t heir friendship,) meaning, t hey rush t o offer t hem t heir friendship and
allegiances in secret and in public,
びり∀ ゲ∠ も͡ へ∠キゅ∠レら∠ Β͡ダゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺヴ∠ゼ∇ガル∠ ラ

(saying: "We fear lest some misfort une of a disast er may befall us.") They t hus offer t his excuse
for t heir friendship and allegiances t o t he disbelievers, saying t hat t hey fear t hat t he
disbelievers might defeat t he Muslims, so t hey want t o be in favor wit h t he Jews and
Christ ians, t o use t his favor for t heir benefit in t hat event ualit y! Allah replied,
びウ
͡ ∇わヘ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヴ
∠ ゎ͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ∠ジバ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(Perhaps Allah may bring a vict ory...) referring t o t he conquering of Makkah, according t o As-
Suddi.
びロ͡ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあゲ∃ ∇ョぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or a decision according t o His will) requiring t he Jews and Christ ians t o pay t he Jizyah, as As-
Suddi st at ed,
び∇やヲ⊥エら͡ ∇ダΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(Then t hey will become) meaning, t he hypocrit es who gave t heir friendship t o t he Jews and
Christ ians, will become,
び∇ユヰ͡ ジ
͡ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺヴ͡プ ∇やヱぁゲシ
∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ
∠ぴ
(for what t hey have been keeping as a secret in t hemselves) of allegiances,
びリ
∠ Β͡ョギ͡ ⇒∠ルぴ
(regret ful,) for t heir friendship wit h t he Jews and Christ ians which did not benefit t hem or
prot ect t hem from any harm. Rat her, it was not hing but harm, as Allah exposed t heir t rue
realit y t o His fait hful servant s in t his life, alt hough t hey t ried t o conceal it . When t he signs t hat
exposed t heir hypocrisy were compiled against t hem, t heir mat t er became clear t o Allah's
fait hful servant s. So t he believers were amazed at t hese hypocrit es who pret ended t o be
believers, swearing t o t heir fait hfulness, yet t heir claims were all lies and deceit . This is why
Allah said, s
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヨジ
∠ ∇ホぺ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚや￢͡ Ι⊥ぽ⇒⊥ワぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚやメ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
∇ユヰ⊥ ヤ⊥⇒∠ヨ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ろト ∠ ら͡ ェ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ∠ ヨ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚま͡ ∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇ヰィ ∠
びリ ∠ Α͡ゲジ ͡ ⇒∠カ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タほ∠プ∠
(And t hose who believe will say, "Are t hese t he men who swore t heir st rongest oat hs by Allah
t hat t hey were wit h you'' All t hat t hey did has been in vain, and t hey have become t he losers.)
ヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キリ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョギｚゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ る∃ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ル∠ ヲぁらエ
͡ Α⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ぁらエ
͡ Α⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲボ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ フ∠ ∇ヲジ ∠ プ∠
ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り∃ ゴｚハ ͡ ぺ∠ リ∠ Βレ͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クユ∃ も͡ Ι る∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ ͡ Β͡らシ
∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ぁΒャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハノ∀ シ ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョヮ͡ Β͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥
り∠ ヲヤｚダャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボΑ⊥ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやメｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥バミ͡ や∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠
ユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゆ ∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャや
(54. O you who believe! Whoever from among you t urns back from his religion (Islam), Allah
will bring a people whom He will love and t hey will love Him; humble t owards t he believers,
st ern t owards t he disbelievers, fight ing in t he way of Allah, and never fearing t he blame of t he
blamers. That is t he grace of Allah which He best ows on whom He wills. And Allah is All-
Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower.) (55. Verily, your Prot ect or is Allah, His
Messenger, and t he believers, t hose who perform t he Salah, and give Zakah, and t hey bow
down.) (56. And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as
prot ect ors, t hen t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.)
Threatening to Replace the Believers With Another People if They

Revert from Islam
Allah emphasizes His might y abilit y and st at es t hat whoever revert s from support ing His
religion and est ablishing His Law, t hen Allah will replace t hem wit h whomever is bet t er,
might ier and more right eous in Allah's religion and Law. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
Ι
∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇Βビ
∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇メギ͡ ∇らわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇や∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ￢⊥ へ∠ゲボ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ャやぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ルヲ⊥ムΑ∠
(And if you t urn away, He will exchange you for some ot her people and t hey will not be your
likes.) and,
ペ
あエ∇ャゅ͡よチ∠ ∇ケΕ∠ や∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやペ
∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ ゲ∠ ゎ∠ ∇ユャ∠ぺ∠ぴ
マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ - ギ∃ Α͡ギィ
∠ ペ∃ ∇ヤガ
∠ よ͡ れ
͡ ∇ほΑ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇らワ͡ ∇グΑ⊥ ∇ほゼ ∠ Α∠ ラ͡ま
びゴ∃ Α͡ゴバ∠ よ͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ∠
(Do you not see t hat Allah has creat ed t he heavens and t he eart h wit h t rut h If He will, He can
remove you and bring (in your place) a new creat ion! And for Allah t hat is not hard or
difficult .) 14:19-20 . Verily t his is not difficult or hard on Allah. Allah said here,
びヮ͡ レ͡ Α͡キリ∠ハ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョギｚゎ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠ リ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ

(O you who believe! Whoever from among you t urns back from his religion...) and t urns back
from t he t rut h t o falsehood, from now unt il t he commencement of t he Last Hour. Allah said
next ,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ り∃ ゴｚハ
͡ ぺ∠ リ
∠ る∃ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ぴ
(humble t owards t he believers, st ern t owards t he disbelievers.) These are t he qualit ies of
perfect believers, as t hey are humble wit h t heir believing brot hers and allies, st ern wit h t heir
enemies and adversaries. In anot her Ayah, Allah said,
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ￢⊥ へｚギセ
͡ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ バ∠ ョ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャやメ ⊥ ヲ⊥シケｚ ∀ギヨｚエ ∠ ョぁぴ
び∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ヨ∠ェケ⊥ ケ͡ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや
(Muhammad is t he Messenger of Allah. And t hose who are wit h him are severe against
disbelievers, and merciful among t hemselves.) The Prophet is described as t he smiling fight er,
smiling t o his allies and fight ing his enemies. Allah's st at ement ,
びユ∃ も͡ Ι る∠ ョ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ
͡ Β͡らシ
∠ ヴ͡プラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギヰ͡ ⇒∠イΑ⊥ ぴ
(Fight ing in t he way of Allah, and never fearing t he blame of t he blamers.) Not hing prevent s
t hem from obeying Allah, est ablishing His Law, fight ing His enemies, enj oining right eousness
and forbidding evil. Cert ainly, not hing prevent s t hem from t aking t his pat h, neit her someone
who seeks t o hinder t hem, nor one who blames or chast ises t hem. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat
Abu Dharr said, "My Khalil (int imat e friend, t he Messenger) has commanded me t o do seven
deeds. He commanded me t o love t he poor and t o be close t o t hem. He commanded me t o look
at t hose who are less t han me and not t hose who are above me. He commanded me t o keep t he
relat ions of t he womb, even if t hey cut it . He commanded me not t o ask anyone for anyt hing,
t o say t he t rut h even if it was bit t er, and t o not fear t he blame of anyone for t he sake of Allah.
He commanded me t o oft en repeat , ` La hawla wa la quwwat a illa billah (There is no st rengt h
or power except from Allah)', for t hese words are from a t reasure under t he Throne (of Allah).''
It is confirmed in t he Sahih;
«ヮ∠ジ∇ヘル∠ ｚメグ͡ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ リ

͡ ョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
(The believer is not required t o humiliat e himself.) He was asked; "How does one humiliat e
himself, O Messenger of Allah'' So he replied;
«ペΒ͡トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャゅ∠ョ￢͡ ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャやリ

∠ ョ͡ モ
⊥ ヨｚエ
∠ わ∠ Α∠ »
(He t akes on t est s t hat he cannot bear.)
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョ ͡ヮΒ͡ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやモ

⊥ ∇ツプ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
(That is t he grace of Allah which He best ows on whom He wills.) meaning, t hose who have
t hese qualit ies, acquired it by Allah's bount y and favor and because He grant ed t hem t hese
qualit ies.
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハノ∀ シ
͡ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creat ures' needs, All-Knower,) His favor is ever ext ending,
and He has perfect knowledge of t hose who deserve or do not deserve His favor and bount y.
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ Βぁャ͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, your Prot ect or is Allah, His Messenger, and t he believers...) means, t he Jews are not
your friends. Rat her, your allegiance is t o Allah, His Messenger and t he fait hful believers.
びり∠ ヲ∠ミゴｚャやラ
∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヱ∠ り∠ ヲヤｚダャやラ
∠ ヲヨ⊥ Β͡ボΑ⊥ リ
(t hose who perform t he Salah, and give t he Zakah...) referring t o t he believers who have t hese
qualit ies and est ablish t he prayer, which is one of t he most import ant pillars of Islam, for it
includes worshipping Allah alone wit hout part ners. They pay Zakah, which is t he right of t he
creat ion and a t ype of help ext ended t o t he needy and t he poor. As for Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥バミ͡ や∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hey bow down,) some people t hought t hat t hey give t he Zakah while bowing down. If t his
were t he case, t hen paying t he Zakah while bowing would be t he best form of giving Zakah. No
scholar from whom religious rulings are t aken says t his, as much as we know. Therefore,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥バミ͡ や∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hey bow down,) means, t hey at t end t he prayer in congregat ion in Allah's Masj ids and
spend by way of charit y on t he various needs of Muslims. Allah said;
ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやメｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゆ∠ ∇ゴェ͡
(And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as prot ect ors, t hen
t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.) similarly Allah said;
ンｘヲ͡ ホ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ヴ͡ヤシ ⊥ ケ⊥ ヱ∠ ∇ゅル∠ ぺ∠ リｚら∠ ヤ͡∇ビΙ∂ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやょ ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ ぴ

ゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ギ⊥ イ ͡ ゎ∠ Ι
ｚ - ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハ
∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠よや∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやキｚべ∠ェ ∇リョ∠ ラ ∠ ヱぁキへ∠ヲΑ⊥
ょ∠ わ∠ ミ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ∠ ゲ∠ Β͡ゼハ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ∠ ∇カま͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠レ∇よぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠
͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レあョゥ ∃ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ∠ Αｚぺ∠ヱ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡Ηやユ⊥ ヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プ
ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリョ͡ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゆ⊥ ∇ゴェ ͡ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゆ
∠ ∇ゴェ ͡ ラｚま͡ Ι ∠ ぺ∠
(Allah has decreed: "Verily, it is I and My Messengers who shall be t he vict orious.'' Verily, Allah
is All-Powerful, Almight y. You will not find any people who believe in Allah and t he Last Day,
making friendship wit h t hose who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even t hough t hey were t heir
fat hers or t heir sons or t heir brot hers or t heir kindred (people). For such He has writ t en fait h in
t heir heart s, and st rengt hened t hem wit h a Ruh (proof) from Himself. And He will admit t hem
t o Gardens (Paradise) under which rivers flow t o dwell t herein (forever). Allah is pleased wit h
t hem, and t hey wit h Him. They are t he part y of Allah. Verily, it is t he part y of Allah t hat will
be t he successful.) Therefore, t hose who accept t he allegiance of Allah - His Messenger and t he
fait hful believers - will gain success in t his life and t he Hereaft er. Hence Allah's st at ement
here,
ラ
ｚみ͡プ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱヮ⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやメｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥らヤ͡⇒∠ピ∇ャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゆ∠ ∇ゴェ͡
(And whosoever t akes Allah, His Messenger, and t hose who have believed, as prot ect ors, t hen
t he part y of Allah will be t he vict orious.)
∇やヱ⊥グガ∠ ゎｚやリ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
リ͡ョょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ ョあゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ
リ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠
ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚやり͡ ヲ∠ヤダ
ｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ルや∠ク͡ま∠ヱ -
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι
ｚ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚほ∠よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡ク
(57. O you who believe! Do not t ake as friends t hose who t ake your religion for a mockery and
fun from t hose who received t he Script ures before you, and (nor) t he disbelievers; and have
Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are t rue believers. ) (58. And when you proclaim t he call for t he
Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun; t hat is because t hey are a people who
underst and not .)
The Prohibition of Being Loyal Friends with Disbelievers

This Ayah discourages and forbids t aking t he enemies of Islam and it s people, such as t he
People of t he Book and t he polyt heist s, as friends. These disbelievers mock t he most import ant
act s t hat any person could ever perform, t he honorable, pure act s of Islam which include all
t ypes of good for t his life and t he Hereaft er. They mock such act s and make t hem t he subj ect
of j est and play, because t his is what t hese act s represent in t heir misguided minds and cold
heart s. Allah said;
びケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ
∠ ョあぴ
(from t hose who received t he Script ures before you and (nor) t he disbelievers...) This is t o
clarify t he part icular cat egory (of disbelievers). As Allah said,
びリ
͡ ⇒∠を∇ヱΙ
ｘやリ
∠ ョ͡ ザ
∠ ∇ィゲあャや ∇やヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ
(So shun t he evil of t he idols...) 22:30 So some recit ed it "Kuffari'', making it an obj ect of t he
preposit ion, and ot hers recit ed it "Kuffara'', making it a predicat e noun;
リ
∠ ョあゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ Α͡キ ∇やヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚやリ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι∠ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎヱ⊥ぺリ
∠ Α͡グャｚや
(Take not as friends t hose who t ake your religion for a mockery and fun from t hose who
received t he Script ures before you...) wit h t he meaning of "nor'',
び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱぴ

(nor t he disbelievers as friends) That is, do not t ake t hese people nor t hose people as friends.
The meaning here of "Kuffar'' disbelievers is idolat ors. Similarly, Ibn Jarir recorded t hat in t he
recit at ion of Ibn Mas` ud in place of "Kuffar'' he recit ed it : "and t hose who commit Shirk. Allah's
st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(And have Taqwa of Allah if you indeed are t rue believers.) means, fear Allah and do not t ake
t he enemies of you and your religion as friends, if you believe in Allah's Law and religion t hat
t hese people mocked and j est ed about . Allah said in anot her Ayah,

ｚぴ
￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヶ͡プヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャや
ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ヘル∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇ケあグエ
∠ Α⊥ ヱ∠ る⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι∠ ま͡
びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャや
(Let not t he believers t ake t he disbelievers as friends inst ead of t he believers, and whoever
does t hat , will never be helped by Allah in any way, except if you indeed fear a danger from
t hem. And Allah warns you against Himself, and t o Allah is t he final ret urn.)
The Disbelievers Mock the Prayer and the Adhan

Allah said,
びゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グガ

∠ ゎｚやり͡ ヲ∠ヤダ
ｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ルや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And when you proclaim t he call for t he Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun;) When
you proclaim t he Adhan for t he prayer, which is t he best act ion t here is, for t hose who have
sound minds and good comprehension,
びゅ∠ワヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚやぴ
(t hey t ake it ...) also,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι
∠ ャ͡クゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ぴ
(as a mockery and fun; t hat is because t hey are a people who underst and not .) t he act s of
worship and Allah's Law. These are t he charact erist ics of t he followers of Shayt an who,
∇ヵぺ∠ ∩∀ソゅ∠ダェ ⊥ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ゲ∠ よ∠ ∇キぺ∠ ラ ∠ や∠クほ∠∇ャやノ∠ ヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡»

ヶ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ク∇ほわｚャやノ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャヴｚわェ ∠ ∩∀ヅや∠ゲッ ⊥
ヶ∠ツ ͡ ホ⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩∠ゲよ∠ ∇キぺ∠ り͡ ゅ∠ヤダｚヤ͡ャゆ ∠ ヲあを⊥ や∠クみ͡プ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ∩⊥リΑ͡ク∇ほわｚャや
∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤホ∠ ヱ∠ ￢͡ ∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゲ∠ ト ⊥ ∇ガΑ∠ ヴｚわェ ∠ モ ∠ ら∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ょ ⊥ Α͡ヲ∇んわｚャや
ゲ⊥ ミ⊥ ∇グΑ∠ ∇リム⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅ∠ヨ͡ャ ∩や∠グミ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クやや∠グミ∠ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クや :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠
ギ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ や∠クみ͡プ∠ ∩ヴｚヤタ ∠ ∇ユミ∠ ヵ͡ケ∇ギ∠Α ゅ∠ャモ ⊥ィ ⊥ ｚゲャやモｚヌ ∠ Α∠ ヴｚわェ ∠
«ュゅ∠ヤジｚャやモ∠ ∇らホ∠ リ ͡ ∇Βゎ∠ ギ∠ ∇イシ∠ ∇ギイ ⊥ ∇ジΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ ∩∠マャ͡ク ∇ユミ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ ∠ ぺ∠
(When t he call for prayer is made, Shayt an t akes t o his heels passing wind so t hat he may not
hear t he Adhan. When t he call is finished he comes back, and when t he Iqamah is pronounced,
Shayt an again t akes t o his heels. When t he Iqamah is finished he comes back again and t ries t o
int erfere wit h t he person and his t hought s and t o say, ` Remember t his and t hat ,' which he has
not t hought of before t he prayer, unt il t he praying person forget s how much he has prayed. If
anyone of you does not remember, t hen he should perform t wo prost rat ions before
pronouncing t he Salam.) This Hadit h is agreed upon. Az-Zuhri said, "Allah ment ioned t he Adhan
in His Book,
ゅ⇔ら͡バャ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ヱ⊥ゴワ⊥ ゅ∠ワヱ⊥グ∠ガゎｚやり͡ ヲ∠ヤダ

ｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ ⇒∠ルや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι
∠ ャ͡ク
(And when you proclaim t he call for t he Salah, t hey t ake it (but ) as a mockery and fun; t hat is
because t hey are a people who underst and not .)'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement .
ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι ｚま͡ べｚレ͡ョラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨボ͡ レ∠ゎ ∇モワ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
ラｚぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ
マ∠ ャ͡クリあョゲｙゼ ∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠
∠ ょ ∠ ツ ͡ ビ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚリ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハる⇔ よ∠ ヲ⊥んョ∠
れ∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャやギ∠ ら∠ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ∠ Α͡コゅ∠レガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ キ∠ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ∠ バ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠
- モ ͡ Β͡らジｚャや￢͡ へ∠ヲシ ∠ リ∠ハモぁッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚゲｘセ ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥
∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ∠ キｚ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィや∠クま͡ヱ∠
- ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠
ラ͡ や∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱユ͡ ∇をΗ ͡ やヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠
Ι∠ ∇ヲャ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ョザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エジぁャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠
ユ∠ ∇をΗ͡ やユ⊥ ヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙ ｘや∠ヱラ ∠ ヲぁΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよゲｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ョザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ろ ∠ ∇エジぁャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠
a(59. Say: "O People of t he Script ure! Do you crit icize us for no ot her reason t han t hat we
believe in Allah, and in what has been sent down t o us and in t hat which has been sent down
before (us), and t hat most of you are rebellious'') (60. Say: "Shall I inform you of somet hing
worse t han t hat , regarding t he recompense from Allah: t hose who incurred t he curse of Allah
and His wrat h, and t hose of whom He t ransformed int o monkeys and swine, and t hose who
worshipped Taghut ; such are worse in rank, and far more ast ray from t he st raight pat h.'') (61.
When t hey come t o you, t hey say: "We believe.'' But in fact t hey ent er wit h disbelief and t hey
go out wit h t he same. And Allah knows all t hat t hey were hiding.) (62. And you see many of
t hem hurrying for sin and t ransgression, and eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey
have been doing.) (63. Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering
sinful words and from eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been
performing.)
The People of the Book are Enraged at the Believers Because of

their Faith in Allah
Allah commands: Say, O Muhammad, t o t hose who mock and j est about your religion from
among t he People of t he Script ures,
ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ べｚレ͡ョラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨボ͡ レ∠ゎ ∇モワ∠ ぴ
びモ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョメ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠
(Do you crit icize us for no ot her reason t han t hat we believe in Allah, and in what has been
sent down t o us and in t hat which has been sent down before (us)) Do you have any crit icism or
cause of blame for us, ot her t han t his This, by no means, is cause of blame or crit icism. Allah
said in ot her Ayat ,
ゴ͡ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺ Ι

ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びギ͡ Β͡ヨエ∠ ∇ャや
(And t hey had no fault except t hat t hey believed in Allah, t he Almight y, Wort hy of all praise!)
and,
リ͡ョヮ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ⊥シケ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ワ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ Ι

∠ ま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨボ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠
(and t hey could not find any cause t o do so except t hat Allah and His Messenger had enriched
t hem of His bount y.) 9:74 In an agreed upon Hadit h, t he Prophet said,
«ぶやロ⊥ ゅ∠レ∇ビほ∠プ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡ボプ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ラぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡ モ
∃ Β͡ヨィ
∠ リ
⊥ ∇よやユ⊥ ボ͡ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ»
(What caused Ibn Jamil t o Yanqim (refuse t o give Zakah), alt hough he was poor and Allah made
him rich) Allah's st at ement ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボジ
͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ∠ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ラ
ｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat most of you are rebellious. ..) is connect ed t o
リ͡ョメ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ぴ
びモ⊥ ∇らホ∠
(t hat we believe in Allah, and in t hat which has been sent down t o us and in t hat which has
been sent down before (us).) Therefore, t he meaning of t his part of t he Ayah is: we also
believe t hat most of you are rebellious and deviat ed from t he st raight pat h.
The People of the Scriptures Deserve the Worst Torment on the Day
of Resurrection
Allah said next ,
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ∠ レ͡ハる⇔ よ∠ ヲ⊥んョ∠ マ

∠ ャ͡クリあョゲｙゼ
∠ よ͡ ∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらル∠ ぺ⊥ ∇モワ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "Shall I inform you of somet hing worse t han t hat , regarding t he recompense from Allah")
The Ayah commands t he Prophet t o say: Shall I inform you about a worse people wit h Allah on
t he Day of Resurrect ion t han what you t hink of us They are you, wit h t hese charact erist ics,
びヮ⊥ ヤｚャやヮ⊥ レ∠ バ∠ ャｚリ∠ョぴ

(t hose who incurred t he curse of Allah) were expelled from His mercy,
∠ ょ
∠ ツ
͡ ビ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and who incurred His wrat h) and anger, aft er which He will never be pleased wit h t hem,
びゲ∠ Α͡コゅ∠レガ
∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ キ∠ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ モ
∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(t hose of whom He t ransformed int o monkeys and swine,) as we ment ioned in Surat Al-Baqarah
(2) and as we will ment ion in Surat Al-A` raf (7). Sufyan At h-Thawri narrat ed t hat Ibn Mas` ud
said, "Allah's Messenger was asked if t he current monkeys and swine were t hose whom Allah
t ransformed. He said,
モ
∠ バ∠ ∇イΒ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇オジ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ョ∇ヲホ∠ ∇マヤ͡∇ヰΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ぶ ∠ やラｚま»
∇ろル∠ ゅ∠ミゲ∠ Α͡コゅ∠レガ ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ キ∠ ゲ∠ ボ͡ ∇ャやラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔らボ͡ ハ
∠ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゅ⇔ヤ∇ジ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠
«マ͡ャクモ ∠ ∇らホ∠
(Allah never dest royed a people by t ransforming t hem and making offspring or descendant s for
t hem. The monkeys and swine exist ed before t hat .)'' This was also recorded by Muslim. Allah
said,
びれ
∠ ヲ⊥ピ⇒ｚトャやギ∠ ら∠ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Those who worshipped Taghut ...) and served t hem, becoming t heir servant s. The meaning of
t his Ayah is: you, O People of t he Script ures, who mock our religion, which consist s of Allah's
Tawhid, and singling Him out in worship wit hout ot hers, how can you mock us while t hese are
your charact erist ics This is why Allah said,
びゅ⇔ルゅ∠ムョｚゲｘセ
∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(such are worse in rank...) t han what you -- People of t he Script ures -- t hink of us Muslims,
びモ
͡ Β͡らジ
ｚャや￢͡ へ∠ヲシ
∠ リ∠ハモ
ぁッ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(and far more ast ray from t he st raight pat h.) ` More' in t he Ayah does not mean t hat t he ot her
part y is ` less' ast ray, but it means t hat t he People of t he Script ures are far ast ray. In anot her
Ayah, Allah said,
リ
⊥ジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ボ∠ わ∠ ∇ジョぁ ∀ゲ∇Β∠カグ∃ ゃ͡ ョ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ る͡ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやょ
⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ぴ
びΚ ⇔ Β͡ボョ∠
(The dwellers of Paradise will, on t hat Day, have t he best abode, and have t he fairest of places
for repose.)
The Hypocrites Pretend to be Believers but Hide their Kufr
said,
∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ

∠ キｚ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユミ⊥ ヱ⊥￢べ∠ィや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠
(When t hey come t o you, t hey say, "We believe.'' But in fact t hey ent er wit h (an int ent ion of)
disbelief and t hey go out wit h t he same.) This is t he descript ion of t he hypocrit es, for t hey
pret end t o be believers while t heir heart s hide Kufr. So Allah said;
び∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
∠ キｚ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(But in fact t hey ent er) on you, O Muhammad,
びゲ͡ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャゅ͡よぴ

(wit h disbelief) in t heir heart s and t hey depart wit h Kufr, and t his is why t hey do not benefit
from t he knowledge t hey hear from you, nor does t he advice and reminder move t hem. So,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ィゲ∠ カ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hey go out wit h t he same) meaning, t hey alone,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(and Allah knows all t hat t hey were hiding.) Allah knows t heir secret s and what t heir heart s
conceal, even if t hey pret end ot herwise wit h His creat ures, t hus pret ending t o be what t hey
are not . Allah, Who has perfect knowledge of t he seen and unseen, has more knowledge about
t he hypocrit es t han any of His creat ures do and He will recompense t hem accordingly. Allah's
st at ement ,
ユ͡ ∇をΗ
͡ やヴ͡プラ
∠ ヲ⊥ハゲ͡ ⇒∠ジΑ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びろ
∠ ∇エジ
ぁャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ͡ラや∠ヱ∇ギバ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(And you see many of t hem (Jews) hurrying for sin and t ransgression, and eat ing illegal t hings.)
They hurry t o devour prohibit ed and illegal t hings, all t he while t ransgressing against people,
unj ust ly consuming t heir propert y t hrough bribes and Riba,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ョザ

∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ぴ
(Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been doing.) Indeed, horrible is t hat which t hey used t o do
and t he t ransgression t hat t hey commit t ed.
Criticizing Rabbis and Learned Religious Men for Giving up on

Forbidding Evil
Allah said,
ユ∠ ∇をΗ
͡ やユ⊥ ヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙｘや∠ヱラ∠ ヲぁΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよゲｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ Ι
∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ョザ
∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ろ∠ ∇エジぁャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠
(Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and from
eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.) meaning why don't
t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from t his evil The Rabbaniyyun are t he scholars
who are in posit ions of aut horit y, while t he Ahbar are t he regular scholars.
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ョザ
(Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.) referring t o t he Rabbaniyyun, as ` Ali bin
Abi Talhah report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, because t hey abandoned forbidding evil. Ibn Jarir
recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "There is no Ayah in t he Qur'an t hat has more severe admonit ion
t han t his Ayah,
ユ∠ ∇をΗ
͡ やユ⊥ ヰ͡ ャ͡∇ヲホ∠ リ∠ハケ⊥ ゅ∠ら∇ェΙｘや∠ヱラ∠ ヲぁΒレ͡ ⇒ｚよゲｚャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇レΑ∠ Ι
∠ ∇ヲャ∠ぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥バレ∠ ∇ダΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ョザ
∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ろ∠ ∇エジぁャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ヤ͡∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠
(Why do not t he Rabbaniyyun and t he Ahbar forbid t hem from ut t ering sinful words and from
eat ing illegal t hings. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have been performing.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im
recorded t hat Yahya bin Ya` mar said, " ` Ali bin Abi Talib once gave a speech, which he st art ed
by praising Allah and t hanking Him. He t hen said, ` O people! Those who were before you were
dest royed because t hey commit t ed sins and t he Rabbaniyyun and Ahbar did not forbid t hem
from evil. When t hey persist ed in sin, t hey were overcome by punishment . Therefore, enj oin
right eousness and forbid evil before what t hey suffered also st rikes you. Know t hat enj oining
right eousness and forbidding evil does not reduce t he provision or short en t he t erm of life.''
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Jarir said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
モ
⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ∠ ∇リョ∠ ∇ユワ͡ ゲ͡ ヰ⊥ ∇ニぺ∠ リ ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ラ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»
ゅｚャま͡ やヱ⊥ゲあΒピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ノレ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ゴぁハ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヶ͡タゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
«ゆや∠グバ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ぶ
⊥ やユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠
(There is no people among whom t here are t hose who commit sins, while t he rest are more
powerful and might ier t han t he sinners, yet t hey do not st op t hem, but Allah will send a
punishment upon t hem.) Ahmad was alone wit h t his wording. Abu Dawud recorded it , but in his
narrat ion Jarir said, "I heard t he Messenger of Allah saying,
∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プモ ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇バΑ⊥ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ヶ͡プラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ モ ∃ィ ⊥ ケ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョ»

やヱ⊥ゲあΒピ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ∩͡ヮ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ やヱ⊥ゲあΒピ∠ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ケギ͡ ∇ボΑ∠ ∩ヶ͡タゅ∠バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
«やヲ⊥ゎヲ⊥ヨΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モ∠ ∇らホ∠ ゆ∃ ゅ∠ボバ͡ よ͡ ぶ⊥ やユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠タぺ∠ ゅｚャま͡
(There is no one who resides among people commit ing evil among t hem, and t hey do not st op
him t hough t hey are able t o do so, but Allah will punish t hem all before t hey die.)'' Ibn Maj ah
also recorded t his Hadit h.
∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤｚビ ⊥ ∀るャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ⊥ Α∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャやろ ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ

ブ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ペ ⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ラ͡ ゅ∠わデ∠ ヲ⊥ジ∇らョ∠ ロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇モよ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡バャ⊥∠ヱ
リ͡ョマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべｚョユ⊥ヰ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラｚギ∠ Α͡ゴΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠
り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥ マ ∠ よあケｚ
や⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ホ∇ヱ∠ぺべ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ る͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
や⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プラ ∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ワほ∠ヘ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゆ ͡ ∇ゲエ ∠ ∇ヤャあ
ょ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギジ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤカ
∠ ∇キｘΙヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ゅ∠ル∇ゲヘｚム∠ ャ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
モ
∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ - ユ͡ Β͡バレｚャやろ ͡ ⇒ｚレィ ∠
リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ Ι ∂ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚリあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ダ͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∀るョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあユ͡ヰヤ͡ィ ⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ ͡ ∇エゎ∠
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ￢∠ べ∠シ
(64. The Jews say: "Allah's Hand is t ied up.'' Be t heir hands t ied up and be t hey accursed for
what t hey ut t ered. Nay, bot h His Hands are widely out st ret ched. He spends as He wills. Verily,
t he revelat ion t hat has come t o you from your Lord makes many of t hem increase in rebellion
and disbelief. We have put enmit y and hat red among t hem t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion. Every
t ime t hey kindled t he fire of war, Allah ext inguished it ; and t hey (ever) st rive t o make mischief
on t he eart h. And Allah does not like t he mischief-makers.) (65. And if only t he People of t he
Script ure had believed and had Taqwa, We would indeed have expiat ed for t hem t heir sins and
admit t ed t hem t o Gardens of pleasure (in Paradise).) (66. And if only t hey had act ed according
t o t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has (now) been sent down t o t hem from t heir Lord (t he
Qur'an), t hey would surely have got t en provision from above t hem and from underneat h t heir
feet . And among t hem is a Muqt asid Ummah, but for most of t hem; evil is t heir work.)
The Jews Say That Allah's Hand is Tied up!

Allah st at es t hat t he Jews, may Allah's cont inuous curses descend on t hem unt il t he Day of
Resurrect ion, describe Him as a miser. Allah is far holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. The
Jews also claim t hat Allah is poor, while t hey are rich. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn
` Abbas comment ed on Allah's st at ement ,
び∀る∠ャヲ⊥ヤ∇ピ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ⊥ Α∠ キ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャやろ

͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
(The Jews say, "Allah's Hand is t ied up.") "They do not mean t hat Allah's Hand is lit erally t ied
up. Rat her, t hey mean t hat He is a miser and does not spend from what He has. Allah is far
holier t han what t hey at t ribut e t o Him.'' Similar was report ed from Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah,
Qat adah, As-Suddi and Ad-Dahhak. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
ゅ∠ヰ∇トジ
⊥ ∇らゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ マ
∠ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ
⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ポ
∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ケヲ⊥ジ∇エョｚゅ⇔ョヲ⊥ヤ∠ョギ∠ バ⊥ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ テ͡ ∇ジら∠ ∇ャやｚモミ⊥
(And let not your hand be t ied (like a miser) t o your neck, nor st ret ch it fort h t o it s ut most
reach (like a spendt hrift ), so t hat you become blamewort hy and in severe povert y.) In t his
Ayah, Allah prohibit s st inginess and ext ravagance, which includes unnecessary and improper
expendit ures. Allah describes st inginess by saying,
びマ
∠ ボ͡ レ⊥ ハ
⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ る⇔ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヤ∇ピョ∠ ポ
∠ ギ∠ Α∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇イゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And let not your hand be t ied (like a miser) t o your neck. ) Therefore, t his is t he meaning t hat
t he Jews meant , may Allah's curses be on t hem. ` Ikrimah said t hat t his Ayah was revealed
about Finhas, one of t he Jews, may Allah curse him. We ment ioned before t hat Finhas said,
び￢⊥ べ∠Βレ͡ ∇ビぺ∠ リ

⊥ ∇エル∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡ボ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ぴ
("Truly, Allah is poor and we are rich!'') and t hat Abu Bakr smacked him. Allah has refut ed what
t he Jews at t ribut e t o Him and cursed t hem in ret aliat ion for t heir lies and fabricat ions about
Him. Allah said,
び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レ͡バャ⊥∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ∇ろヤｚビ

⊥ぴ
(Be t heir hands t ied up and be t hey accursed for what t hey ut t ered.) What Allah said occurred,
for t he Jews are indeed miserly, envious, cowards and t remendously humiliat ed. Allah said in
ot her Ayat ,
サ
∠ ゅｚレャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥ゎ∇ぽΑ⊥ Ι
ｚや⇔ク͡みプ∠ マ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあ ∀ょΒ͡ダ∠ル ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ぴ
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠ゎや∠￢べ∠ョヴ∠ヤハ ∠ サ ∠ ゅｚレャやラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギジ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ュぺ∠ - や⇔ゲΒ͡ボル∠
ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやユ∠ Β͡ワゲ∠ ∇よま͡ メ ∠ や∠￢べ∠レ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇ツプ∠ リ͡ョ
びゅ⇔ヨΒ͡ヌハ∠ ゅ⇔ム∇ヤョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ
͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(Or have t hey a share in t he dominion Then in t hat case t hey would not give mankind even a
Naqir. Or do t hey envy men for what Allah has given t hem of His bount y Then, We had already
given t he family of Ibrahim t he Book and t he Hikmah, and conferred upon t hem a great
kingdom.) and, n
びる⊥ ャｚグあャやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

∠ ∇ろよ∠ ゲ͡ ッ
⊥ ぴ
(Indignit y is put over t hem.)
Allah's Hands are Widely Outstretched
Allah said next ,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ブ
∠ ∇Βミ∠ ペ
⊥ ヘ͡ レ⊥Α ͡ラゅ∠わ∠デヲ⊥ジ∇ら∠ョロ⊥ や∠ギΑ∠ ∇モよ∠ ぴ
(Nay, bot h His Hands are widely out st ret ched. He spends (of His bount y) as He wills.) Allah's
favors are ample, His bount y unlimit ed, as He owns t he t reasures of everyt hing. Any good t hat
reaches His servant s is from Him alone, wit hout part ners. He has creat ed everyt hing t hat we
need by night or by day, while t raveling or at home and in all sit uat ions and condit ions. Allah
said,
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやる∠ ヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇やヱぁギバ⊥ ∠ゎラ͡まヱ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ャほ∠シ

∠ ゅ∠ョあモミ⊥ リあョユ⊥ミゅ∠ゎへ∠ヱぴ
び ∀ケゅヘｚミ∠ ∀ュヲ⊥ヤ∠ヌ∠ャラ
∠ ゅ∠ジ∇ルΗやラｚま͡ ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ダ∇エゎ⊥ Ι
∠
(And He gave you of all t hat you asked for, and if you count t he blessings of Allah, never will
you be able t o count t hem. Verily, man is indeed an ext reme wrongdoer, an ext reme ingrat e.)
There are many ot her Ayat on t his subj ect . Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal said t hat ` Abdur-Razzaq
narrat ed t o him t hat Ma` mar said t hat Hammam bin Munabbih said, "This is what Abu Hurayrah
narrat ed t o us t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
￢⊥ ゅｚエシ
∠ ∩∀るボ∠ ヘ∠ ル∠ ゅ∠ヰツ
⊥ Β͡ピΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩ン∠ほ∇ヤョ∠ ぶ ͡ やリ ∠ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ラｚま͡»
れや∠ヲヨｚジャやペ ∠ ヤ∠カ ∠ グ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ ペ
∠ ヘ∠ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ぺ∠ ∩ケ∠ ゅ∠ヰレｚャや∠ヱモ∠ ∇Βヤｚャや
: メゅホヮ͡ レ͡ Β͡ヨΑ∠ ヶ͡プゅ∠ョ ∇ヂピ͡ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ヮ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∩∠チ∇ケほ∠∇ャや∠ヱ
ヂ⊥ ∇らボ∠ ∇ャやンゲ⊥カほ∠∇ャやロ͡ ギ͡ Α∠ ヶ͡プヱ∠ ∩͡￢ゅ∠ヨ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヮ⊥ セ ⊥ ∇ゲハ∠ ヱ∠
«ヂ͡ヘ∇ガΑ∠ ヱ∠ ノ⊥ プ∠ ∇ゲΑ∠
(Allah's Right Hand is perfect ly full, and no amount of spending can decrease what He has, even
t hough He spends by night and by day. Do you see how much Allah has spent since He creat ed
t he heavens and eart h Yet surely it has not decreased what He has in His Right Hand. His
Throne is over t he wat er and in His Ot her Hand is t he hold by which He raises and lowers.) He
also said, :
«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ∩∇ペヘ͡ ∇ルぺ∠»
(Allah said, ` Spend and I will spend on you.')'' This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs.
The Revelation to the Muslims only Adds to the Transgression and

Disbelief of the Jews
Allah said,
マ
∠ よあケｚリ͡ョマ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべｚョユ⊥ヰ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラｚギ∠ Α͡ゴΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥
(Verily, t he revelat ion t hat has come t o you from your Lord makes many of t hem increase in
rebellion and disbelief.) meaning, t he bount y t hat comes t o you, O Muhammad, is a calamit y
for your enemies, t he Jews and t heir kind. The more t he revelat ion increases t he believers in
fait h, good works, and beneficial knowledge, t he more t he disbelievers increase in envy for you
and your Ummah, t he more t hey increase in Tughyan -- which is t o exceed t he ordained limit s
for t hings -- and in disbelief -- meaning denial of you. Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
Ι
∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セ∠ヱン⇔ギワ⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グヤｚャ͡ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
ヴ⇔ヨハ
∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∀ゲ∇ホ∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ル͡ や∠クや∠￢ヴ͡プラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥
びギ∃ Β͡バよ∠ ラ
∃ ゅ∠ムョｚリ͡ョラ∠ ∇ヱキ∠ ゅ∠レΑ⊥ マ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥
(Say: "It is for t hose who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for t hose who disbelieve, t here
is heaviness (deafness) in t heir ears, and it is blindness for t hem. They are t hose who are called
from a place far away.'') and,
る∀ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ ∀￢べ∠ヘ͡セヲ∠ ワ⊥ ゅ∠ョラ ͡ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやリ

∠ ョ͡ メ ⊥ あゴレ∠ ル⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ケゅ∠ジカ
∠ Ιｚま∠ リ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやギ⊥ Α͡ゴΑ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ リ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ヤャあ
(And We send down of t he Qur'an t hat which is a healing and a mercy t o t hose who believe, and
it increases wrongdoers in not hing but loss. ) Allah said next ,
びる͡ ヨ∠ ⇒∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ゅ∠レ∇Βボ∠ ∇ャぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(We have put enmit y and hat red among t hem t ill t he Day of Resurrect ion.) Therefore, t heir
heart s are never unit ed. Rat her, t heir various groups and sect s will always have enmit y and
hat red for each ot her, because t hey do not agree on t he t rut h, and because t hey opposed you
and denied you. Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ワほ∠ヘ∠ ∇デぺ∠ ゆ
͡ ∇ゲエ
∠ ∇ヤャあや⇔ケゅ∠ル ∇やヱ⊥ギ∠ホ∇ヱ∠ぺべ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ
(Every t ime t hey kindled t he fire of war, Allah ext inguished it ;) means, every t ime t hey t ry t o
plot against you and kindled t he fire of war, Allah ext inguishes it and makes t heir plot s t urn
against t hem. Therefore, t heir evil plot s will ret urn t o harm t hem.
ぁょエ
͡ Α⊥ Ι
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱや⇔キゅ∠ジプ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プラ
∠ ∇ヲバ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びリ
∠ Α͡ギジ͡ ∇ヘヨ⊥ ∇ャや
(and t hey (ever) st rive t o make mischief on eart h. And Allah does not like t he mischief-
makers.) It is t heir habit t o always st rive t o cause mischief on t he eart h, and Allah does not
like t hose wit h such behavior.
Had the People of the Book Adhered to their Book, they Would
Have Acquired the Good of this Life and the Hereafter
Allah said next ,
び∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ょ

∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ
ｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(And if only t he People of t he Script ure had believed and had Taqwa...) Consequent ly, had t he
People of t he Book believed in Allah and His Messenger and avoided t he sins and prohibit ions
t hat t hey commit t ed;
びユ͡ Β͡バレｚャやろ
͡ ⇒ｚレィ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤカ
∠ ∇キΙ
ｘヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠ゃΒあシ
∠ ゅル∠ ∇ゲヘｚム∠ ャ∠ぴ
(We would indeed have expiat ed for t hem t heir sins and admit t ed t hem t o Gardens of pleasure
(in Paradise).) meaning We would have removed t he dangers from t hem and grant ed t hem t heir
obj ect ives.
メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ モ
∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ョゅ∠ホぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユヰ͡ よあケｚリあョ ∇ユヰ͡ Β∠ャま͡
(And if only t hey had act ed according t o t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, and what has (now) been sent
down t o t hem from t heir Lord,) meaning, t he Qur'an, as Ibn ` Abbas and ot hers said.
びユ͡ヰヤ͡ィ
⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ
͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ Ι
∂ぴ
(t hey would surely have got t en provision from above t hem and from underneat h t heir feet .)
Had t hey adhered t o t he Books t hat t hey have wit h t hem which t hey inherit ed from t he
Prophet s, wit hout alt ering or changing t hese Books, t hese would have direct ed t hem t o follow
t he t rut h and implement t he revelat ion t hat Allah sent Muhammad wit h. These Books t est ify t o
t he Prophet 's t rut h and command t hat he must be followed. Allah's st at ement ,
びユ͡ヰヤ͡ィ
⊥ ∇ケぺ∠ ろ
͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ホ͡ ∇ヲプ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ∠ Ι
∂ぴ
(t hey would surely have got t en provision from above t hem and from underneat h t heir feet .)
refers t o t he t remendous provision t hat would have descended t o t hem from t he sky and grown
for t hem on t he eart h. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
ユ͡ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠レ∇エわ∠ ヘ∠ ャ∠ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ン∠ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやモ
∠ ∇ワぺ∠ ラ
ｚぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ
ｚャやリ
∠ ョあろ∃ ⇒∠ミゲ∠ よ∠
(And if t he people of t he t owns had believed and had Taqwa, cert ainly, We should have opened
for t hem blessings from t he heaven and t he eart h.) Allah's st at ement ,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ョ￢∠ べ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ヱ∠ り∀ ギ∠ ダ

͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∀るョｚぺ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあぴ
(And among t hem is a Muqt asid Ummah, but for most of t hem; evil is t heir work.) is similar t o
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャギ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヱ∠ ペ
あエ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∠ラヱ⊥ギ∇ヰ∠Α ∀るョｚぺ⊥ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョュ͡ ∇ヲホ∠ リ͡ョヱ∠ ぴ
び
(And of t he people of Musa t here is a communit y who lead (t he men) wit h t rut h and est ablish
j ust ice t herewit h.) 7:159 and His st at ement about t he followers of ` Isa, peace be upon him,
び∇ユワ⊥ ゲ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ

∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠レ∇Βゎ∠ ゅ∠⇒プ∠ ぴ
(So We gave t hose among t hem who believed, t heir (due) reward.) Therefore, Allah gave t hem
t he highest grade of Iqt isad, which is t he middle course, given t o t his Ummah. Above t hem
t here is t he grade of Sabiqun, as Allah described in His st at ement ;
ゅ∠ルキ͡ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヘ∠ ト
∠ ∇タやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇をケ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
∀ペ͡よゅ∠シ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ギ∀ ダ
͡ わ∠ ∇ボョぁ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ジ
͡ ∇ヘレ∠ ャあ ∀ユヤ͡⇒∠ニ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レヨ͡ プ∠
- ゲ⊥ Β͡らム∠ ∇ャやモ⊥ ∇ツヘ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ͡ ク⊥ み͡よ͡ れ ͡ ゲ∠ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
リ͡ョケ∠ ヱ͡ ゅ∠シぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プラ ∠ ∇ヲヤｚエ
∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヰル∠ ヲ⊥ヤカ
⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ラ ∃ ∇ギハ∠ ろ⊥ ⇒レｚィ∠
び ∀ゲΑ͡ゲ∠ェゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ ∇ユヰ⊥ シ ⊥ ゅ∠らャ͡ヱ∠ や⇔ぽ⊥ャ∇ぽャ⊥ヱ∠ ょ ∃ ワ∠ ク∠
(Then We gave t he Book as inherit ance t o such of Our servant s whom We chose. Then of t hem
are some who wrong t hemselves, and of t hem are some who follow a middle course, and of
t hem are some who, by Allah's permission, are Sabiq (foremost ) in good deeds. That it self is
indeed a great grace. ` Adn (Eden) Paradise (everlast ing Gardens) will t hey ent er, t herein will
t hey be adorned wit h bracelet s of gold and pearls, and t heir garment s t here will be of
silk.) 35:32-33
ラ͡まヱ∠ マ∠ よあケｚリ͡ョマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ

∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ ⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
リ
∠ ョ͡ マ∠ ヨ⊥ ダ ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ ∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚ
びリ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ サ
͡ ゅｚレャや
(67. O Messenger! Convey what has been sent down t o you from your Lord. And if you do not ,
t hen you have not conveyed His Message. Allah will prot ect you from mankind. Verily, Allah
guides not t he people who disbelieve.)
Commanding the Prophet to Convey the Message; Promising Him

Immunity and Protection
Allah addresses His servant and Messenger Muhammad by t he t it le ` Messenger' and commands
him t o convey all t hat He has sent him, a command t hat t he Prophet has fulfilled in t he best
manner. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Whoever says t o you t hat Muhammad hid any
part of what Allah revealed t o him, t hen he is ut t ering a lie. Allah said,
びマ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョ ∇ヒヤあよ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
(O Messenger! Convey what has been sent down t o you from your Lord.)'' Al-Bukhari collect ed
t he short form of t his st ory here, but ment ioned t he full narrat ion in anot her part of his book.
Muslim in t he Book of Iman, At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i in t he Book of Tafsir of t heir Sunans also
collect ed t his Hadit h. In is recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` A'ishah said, "If Muhammad hid
anyt hing from t he Qur'an, he would have hidden t his Ayah,
サ
∠ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ゼ∇ガ∠ゎ∠ヱヮ͡ Α͡ギ∇らョ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやゅ∠ョマ ∠ジ͡ ∇ヘル͡ ヴ͡プヴ͡ヘ∇ガゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ⊥ ⇒∠ゼ∇ガゎ∠ ラ∠ぺペ
ぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ
(But you did hide in yourself t hat which Allah will make manifest , you did fear t he people while
Allah had a bet t er right t hat you should fear Him.)'' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said,
"From Allah comes t he Message, for t he Messenger is it s deliverance and for us is submission t o
it .'' The Ummah of Muhammad has t est ified t hat he has delivered t he Message and fulfilled t he
t rust , when he asked t hem during t he biggest gat hering in his speech during t he Farewell Haj j .
At t hat t ime, t here were over fort y t housand of his Companions. Muslim recorded t hat Jabir bin
` Abdullah said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said in his speech on t hat day,
∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∩ヶあレハ

∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヱ⊥ぽ∇ジョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠»
«∨∠ラヲ⊥ヤも͡ ゅ∠ホ
(O people! You shall be asked about me, so what are you going t o reply) They said, "We bear
wit ness t hat you have conveyed (t he Message), f ulfilled (t he t rust ) and offered sincere advice.''
The Prophet kept raising his finger t owards t he sky and t hen point ing at t hem, saying,
«∨⊥ろ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや ∨⊥ろ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ∇モワ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャや»

(O Allah! Did I convey O Allah! Did I convey) Allah's st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ
∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message.) meaning: If you do not convey t o
t he people what I sent t o you, t hen you have not conveyed My Message. Meaning, t he Prophet
knows t he consequences of t his failure. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas
comment ed on t he Ayah,
びヮ⊥ わ∠ ャ∠ゅ∠シケ͡ ろ
∠ ∇ピヤｚよ∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ∇ユャｚラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(And if you do not , t hen you have not conveyed His Message.) "It means, if you hide only one
Ayah t hat was revealed t o you from your Lord, t hen you have not conveyed His Message.''
びサ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ヨ⊥ ダ
͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(Allah will prot ect you from mankind.) means, you convey My Message and I will prot ect , aid
and support you over your enemies and will grant you vict ory over t hem. Therefore, do not
have any fear or sadness, for none of t hem will be able t o t ouch you wit h harm. Before t his
Ayah was revealed, t he Prophet was being guarded, as Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said
t hat t he Prophet was vigilant one night when she was next t o him; she asked him, "What is t he
mat t er, O Allah's Messenger'' He said,
ヶ͡レシ
⊥ ゲ⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔エ͡ャゅ∠タゅ⇔ヤィ
⊥ ケ∠ ろ∠ ∇Βャ∠»
«る∠ヤ∇Βヤｚャや
(Would t hat a pious man from my companions guard me t onight !) She said, "Suddenly we heard
t he clat t er of arms. The Prophet said,
«∨や∠グワ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
(Who is t hat ''.) He (t he new comer) replied, "I am Sa` d bin Malik (Sa` d bin Abi Waqqas).'' The
Prophet asked,
«∨∠マよ͡ ￢∠ ゅ∠ィゅ∠ョ»

(What brought you here) He said, "I have come t o guard you, Allah's O Messenger.'' ` A'ishah
said, "So, t he Prophet slept (t hat night ) and I heard t he noise of sleep coming from him.)'' This
Hadit h is recorded in Two Sahihs. Anot her narrat ion for t his Hadit h reads, "The Messenger of
Allah was vigilant one night , aft er he came t o Al-Madinah...'', meaning, aft er t he Hij rah and
aft er t he Prophet consummat ed his marriage t o ` A'ishah in t he second year of Hij rah. Ibn Abi
Hat im recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "The Prophet was being guarded unt il t his Ayah,
びサ
∠ ョ͡ マ
∠ ヨ⊥ ダ
͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(Allah will prot ect you from mankind) was revealed.'' She added; "The Prophet raised his head
from t he room and said;
ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ
⊥ やヶ͡レヨ∠ ダ
∠ ハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ダ
∠ ∇ルやサ
⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠ ゅ∠Α»
«モ∠ィヱ∠
(O people! Go away, for Allah will prot ect me.)''' At -Tirmidhi recorded it and said,"This Hadit h
is Gharib.'' It was also recorded by Ibn Jarir, and Al-Hakim in his Must adrak, where he said, "It s
chain is Sahih, but t hey did not record it .'' Allah's st at ement ,
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, Allah guides not t hose who disbelieve.) means, O Muhammad, you convey, and Allah
guides whom He wills, and misguides whom He wills. In ot her Ayat , Allah said,
び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ リ∠ョン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやリ

ｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ や∠ギワ⊥ マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャｚぴ
(Not upon you is t heir guidance, but Allah guides whom He wills,) and,
びゆ
⊥ ゅ∠ジエ
͡ ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャやマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プぴ
(Your dut y is only t o convey and on Us is t he reckoning.)
∇やヲ⊥ヨΒ͡ボゎ⊥ ヴわｚェ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ

∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
∇ユム⊥ よあケｚリあョ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや
マ
∠ よあケｚリ͡ョマ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ べｚョ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラｚギ∠ Α͡ゴΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠
ラ
ｚま͡ - リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ サ ∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ⇔やゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ∠ヱゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥
∠ラヲ⊥ゃ͡ら⇒ｚダャや∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥キゅワ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
モ
∠ ヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱゲ͡ カ ͡Ι ｘやュ͡ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よリ∠ ョ∠ や∠￢ ∇リョ∠ ン∠ゲ⇒∠ダレｚャや∠ヱ
びラ∠ ヲ⊥ルゴ∠ ∇エΑ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∀フ∇ヲ∠カ Κ ∠ プ∠ ゅ⇔エ͡ヤ⇒∠タ
(68. Say: "O People of t he Script ure! You have not hing t ill you act according t o t he Tawrah, t he
Inj il, and what has (now) been sent down t o you from your Lord (t he Qur'an).'' Verily, t he
revelat ion t hat has come t o you from your Lord makes many of t hem increase in rebellion and
disbelief. So do not grieve for t he people who disbelieve.) (69. Surely, t hose who believe, and
t hose who are t he Jews and t he Sabians and t he Christ ians, whosoever believed in Allah and
t he Last Day, and worked right eousness, on t hem shall be no fear, nor shall t hey grieve.)
There is no Salvation Except through Faith in the Qur'an

Allah says: O Muhammad, say,
び￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ジャ∠ ょ
(O People of t he Script ure! You have not hing...) meaning no real religion unt il you adhere t o
and implement t he Tawrah and t he Inj il. That is, unt il you believe in all t he Books t hat you
have t hat Allah revealed t o t he Prophet s. These Books command following Muhammad and
believing in his prophecy, all t he while adhering t o his Law. Before, we explained Allah's
st at ement ,
マ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべｚョユ⊥ヰ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ラｚギ∠ Α͡ゴΒ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びや⇔ゲ∇ヘミ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ⇒∠Β∇ピデ ⊥
(Verily, t he revelat ion t hat has come t o you from your Lord makes many of t hem increase in
rebellion and disbelief.)
びリ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ サ
∠ ∇ほゎ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぴ
(So do not grieve for t he people who disbelieve), Do not be sad or t aken aback by t heir
disbelief. Allah said next ,
ｚま͡ぴ
(Surely, t hose who believe) referring t o Muslims,
(t hose who are t he Jews) who were ent rust ed wit h t he Tawrah,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ゃら͡ ⇒ｚダャや∠ヱぴ
(and t he Sabians. ..) a sect from t he Christ ians and Magians who did not follow any part icular
religion, as Muj ahid st at ed. As for t he Christ ians, t hey are known and were ent rust ed wit h t he
Inj il. The meaning here is t hat if each of t hese groups believed in Allah and t he Hereaft er,
which is t he Day of Judgement and Reckoning, and performed good act ions, which t o be so,
must conform t o Muhammad's Law, aft er Muhammad was sent t o all mankind and t he Jinns. If
any of t hese groups held t hese beliefs, t hen t hey shall have no fear of what will come or
sadness regarding what t hey lost , nor will grief ever affect t hem. We discussed a similar Ayah
before in Surat Al-Baqarah 2:62 .
∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ べ∠レ∇ヤシ
∠ ∇ケぺ∠ヱ∠ モ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ∠ベゅ∠んΒ͡ョゅ∠ル∇グカ ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ
∇ユヰ⊥ ジ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ Κ ⇔シ ⊥ ケ⊥
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι ｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ͡ェ
∠ ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚミ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠
∇やヲ⊥ヨハ ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゆ
∠ ゅ∠ゎｚユを⊥ ∇やヲぁヨタ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ∠ プ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲぁヨタ ∠ ヱ∠
(70. Verily, We t ook t he covenant of t he Children of Israel and sent Messengers t o t hem.
Whenever t here came t o t hem a Messenger wit h what t hey t hemselves desired not , a group of
t hem t hey called liars, and ot hers among t hem t hey killed.) (71. They t hought t here will be no
Fit nah (t rial or punishment ), so t hey became blind and deaf; aft er t hat Allah t urned t o t hem
(wit h forgiveness); yet again many of t hem became blind and deaf. And Allah is t he All-Seer of
what t hey do.) Allah reminds t hat He t ook t he covenant and pledges from t he Children of Israel
t o hear and obey Him and His Messenger. They broke t hese pledges and covenant s and followed
t heir lust s and desires inst ead of t he law, and whichever part of t he law t hey agreed wit h, t hey
t ook it . Ot herwise, t hey abandoned it , if it did not conform t o t heir desires. This is why Allah
said,
ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ジ ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺン∠ヲ∇ヰゎ∠ Ι ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ ∇ユワ⊥ ￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ヨヤｚミ⊥ ぴ

∇やヲ⊥ヨバ∠ プ∠ る∀ レ∠ ∇わプ͡ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ Ι
ｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥らジ
͡ェ∠ ヲ∠ ル∠ ヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ゅ⇔ボΑ͡ゲプ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚミ∠
び∇やヲぁヨタ ∠ ヱ∠
(Whenever t here came t o t hem a Messenger wit h what t hey t hemselves desired not - a group of
t hem t hey called liars, and ot hers among t hem t hey killed. They t hought t here will be no
Fit nah (t rial or punishment ) so t hey became blind and deaf.) t hinking t hat t hey would suffer no
repercussions for of t he evil t hat t hey commit t ed. Consequent ly, t hey were blinded from t he
t rut h and became deaf, incapable of hearing t he t rut h. For t hese reasons t hey were unable t o
be guided by it . Allah forgave t hat , t hen,
びｚユを⊥ ∇やヲぁヨタ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(yet t hey became blind and deaf) again,
び∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあ ∀ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ぴ

(many of t hem, and Allah is t he All-Seer of what t hey do.) He has perfect knowledge of what
t hey do and whomever among t hem deserves t he guidance and whomever deserves
misguidance.
リ ⊥ ∇よやウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャ∠ぴ

ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハやモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやュ∠ ゲｚェ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴぁよケ∠
∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ∠
る∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゑ⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠をヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚ - ケ∃ ゅ∠ダル∠ぺ
ゅｚヨ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚラ͡まヱ∠ ギ∀ ェ ͡ ヱ∠ ∀ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま Ι ｚま͡ ヮ∃ ⇒∠ャま͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠
- ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリｚジｚヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠
∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ Κ ∠ プ∠ ぺ∠
∇ろヤ∠カ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ∀メヲ⊥シ∠ケ Ι ｚま͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ⊥ ∇よやウ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅｚョ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ
ュ∠ ゅ∠バトｚャやラ ͡Κ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミ ∀る∠ボΑあギ͡タヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ヱ∠ モ ⊥シ⊥ ぁゲャやヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ
ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルやｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ ｘやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ ⊥ あΒら∠ ル⊥ ブ∠ ∇Βミ∠ ∇ゲヌ ⊥ ∇ルや
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥
(72. Surely, t hey have disbelieved who say: "Allah is t he Messiah ` Isa , son of Maryam.'' But
t he Messiah said: "O Children of Israel! worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.'' Verily,
whosoever set s up part ners (in worship) wit h Allah, t hen Allah has forbidden Paradise for him,
and t he Fire will be his abode. And for t he wrongdoers t here are no helpers.) (73. Surely, t hey
have disbelieved who say: "Allah is t he t hird of t hree.'' And t here is no god but One God (Allah).
And if t hey cease not from what t hey say, verily, a painful t orment will befall on t he
disbelievers among t hem.) (74. Will t hey not repent t o Allah and ask His forgiveness For Allah is
Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (75. The Messiah ` Isa , son of Maryam, was no more t han a
Messenger; many were t he Messengers t hat passed away before him. His mot her Maryam was
a Siddiqah. They bot h used t o eat food. Look how We make t he Ayat clear t o t hem; yet look
how t hey are deluded away (from t he t rut h).)
The Disbelief of the Christians; ` Isa Only called to Tawhid

Allah st at es t hat t he Christ ians such sect s as Monarchit e, Jacobit e and Nest orit e are
disbelievers, t hose among t hem who say t hat ` Isa is Allah. Allah is far holier t han what t hey
at t ribut e t o Him. They made t his claim in spit e of t he fact t hat ` Isa made it known t hat he was
t he servant of Allah and His Messenger. The first words t hat ` Isa ut t ered when he was st ill a
baby in t he cradle were, "I am ` Abdullah (t he servant of Allah).'' He did not say, "I am Allah,''
or, "I am t he son of Allah.'' Rat her, he said,
びゅ⇔Β∂ ら͡ ル∠ ヴ͡レヤ∠バ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ょ
∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやヴ
∠ ル͡ ゅ∠ゎや∠￢ヮ͡ ヤｚャやギ⊥ ∇らハ
∠ ヴあルま͡ぴ
(Verily, I am a servant of Allah, He has given me t he Script ure and made me a Prophet .) unt il
he said,
ヅ
∀ ゲ∠ タ
͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワロ⊥ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ボわ∠ ∇ジョぁ
("And verily Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him (Alone). That is t he st raight pat h.'')
He also proclaimed t o t hem when he was a man, aft er he was sent as a Prophet , commanding
t hem t o worship his Lord and t heir Lord, alone wit hout part ners,
ヴぁよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハやモ

∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ゅ∠Α ウ ⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやメ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ∇ユム⊥ よｚケ∠ ヱ∠
(But t he Messiah said, "O Children of Israel! worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.'' Verily,
whosoever set s up part ners wit h Allah...) in worship;
びケ⊥ ゅｚレャやロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠ る∠ レｚイ

∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(. ..t hen Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and t he Fire will be his abode.) as He will send
him t o t he Fire and forbid Paradise for him. Allah also said;
ラ
ｚま͡ぴ
∠ ャ͡ク∠
except t hat (anyt hing else) t o whom He wills.) and,
∇ラぺ∠ る͡ レｚイ ∠ ∇ャやょ ∠ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ケ͡ ゅｚレャやょ ⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ ン∠キゅ∠ルヱ∠ ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ツΒ͡プぺ∠
びリ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ョ∠ ゲｚェ
ｚま͡
(And t he dwellers of t he Fire will call t o t he dwellers of Paradise; "Pour on us some wat er or
anyt hing t hat Allah has provide you wit h.'' They will say: "Allah has forbidden bot h t o t he
disbelievers.'') It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Prophet had someone proclaim t o t he people,
«る∠ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ∀ザ∇ヘ∠ルゅｚャま͡ ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥カ

⊥ ∇ギΑ∠ ゅ∠ャる∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやラ
ｚま͡»
(Only a Muslim soul shall ent er Paradise.) In anot her narrat ion,
«る∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ »
(Only a believing soul...) This is why Allah said t hat ` Isa said t o t he Children of Israel,
る∠ レｚイ
∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ Β∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ∇ポゲ͡ ∇ゼΑ⊥ リ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ぴ
びケ∃ ゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ͡ リ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌヤ͡ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャやロ⊥ や∠ヱ∇ほョ∠ ヱ∠
(Verily, whosoever set s up part ners wit h Allah, t hen Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and
t he Fire will be his abode. And t here are no helpers for t he wrongdoers.) There is no help from
Allah, nor anyone who will support or prot ect t hem from t he st at e t hey will be in. Allah's
st at ement ,
びる∃ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ゑ
⊥ ヤ͡⇒∠をヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ
∠ Α͡グャｚやゲ∠ ヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇ギボ∠ ャｚぴ
(Surely, t hey have disbelieved who say: "Allah is t he t hird of t hree.") Muj ahid and several
ot hers said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t he Christ ians in part icular. As-Suddi and ot hers
said t hat t his Ayah was revealed about t aking ` Isa and his mot her as gods besides Allah, t hus
making Allah t he t hird in a t rinit y. As-Suddi said, "This is similar t o Allah's st at ement t owards
t he end of t he Surah,
サ
∠ ヤ⊥ホろ
∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
メ
∠ ゅ∠ホヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョリ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ
∠ ョあぺ⊥ヱ∠ ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グ͡ガゎｚや
びマ
∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ⊥
(And (remember) when Allah will say: "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men: ` Worship
me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah' He will say, "Glory be t o You!") 5:116 . Allah
replied,
びギ∀ ェ
͡ ヱ∠ ヮ∀ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι
ｚま͡ ∃ヮ⇒∠ャ͡ま ∇リョ͡ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(But t here is no god but One God.) meaning t here are not many wort hy of worship but t here is
only One God wit hout part ners, and He is t he Lord of all creat ion and all t hat exist s. Allah said
next , while t hreat ening and admonishing t hem,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ゅｚヨ∠ハ ∇やヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レ∠Α ∇ユャｚラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(And if t hey cease not from what t hey say, ) t heir lies and false claims,
び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ

ｚジ
ｚヨ∠ Β∠ ャ∠ぴ
(verily, a painful t orment will befall t he disbelievers among t hem.) in t he Hereaft er, shackled
and t orment ed. Allah said next ,
∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ⊥ ル∠ ヱ⊥ゲヘ͡ ∇ピわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ラ

∠ ヲ⊥よヲ⊥わΑ∠ Κ
∠ プ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ
(Will t hey not repent t o Allah and ask His Forgiveness For Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.)
This demonst rat es Allah's generosit y, kindness and mercy for His creat ures, even t hough t hey
commit t ed t his grave sin and invent ed such a lie and false allegat ion. Despit e all of t his, Allah
calls t hem t o repent so t hat He will forgive t hem, for Allah forgives t hose who sincerely repent
t o Him.
` Isa is Allah's Servant and His Mother is a Truthful Believer

Allah said,
リ͡ョ ∇ろヤ∠カ
ｚま͡ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
⊥ ∇よやウ
⊥ Β͡ジヨ∠ ∇ャやゅｚョぴ
びモ
⊥シ⊥ ぁゲャやヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠
(The Messiah, son of Maryam, was no more t han a Messenger; many were t he Messengers t hat
passed away before him.) ` Isa is j ust like t he previous Prophet s, and he is one of t he servant s
of Allah and one of His honorable Messengers. Allah said in anot her Ayah,
ヴ͡レら∠ ャあ Κ
⇔ ん∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
びモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡
(He ` Isa was not more t han a servant . We grant ed Our favor t o him, and We made him an
example for t he Children of Israel.) Allah said next ,
び∀る∠ボΑあギ͡タヮ⊥ ぁョぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ
(His mot her was a Siddiqah) for she believed in Allah wit h complet e t rust in Him. This is t he
highest rank she was given, which proves t hat she was not a Prophet . Allah said next ,
びュ∠ ゅ∠バト
ｚャやラ
͡Κ
∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ゅ∠ルゅ∠ミぴ
(They bot h used t o eat food) needing nourishment and t o relieve t he call of nat ure. Therefore,
t hey are j ust servant s like ot her servant s, not gods as ignorant Christ ian sect s claim, may
Allah's cont inued curses cover t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah said next ,
びろ
͡ ⇒∠ΑΙ
ｘやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ リ
⊥ あΒら∠ ル⊥ ブ
⊥ ∇ルやぴ
(Look how We make t he Ayat clear t o t hem. ) making t hem unequivocal and plain,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムプ∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヴｚルぺ∠ ∇ゲヌ
⊥ ∇ルやｚユを⊥ ぴ
(yet look how t hey are deluded away (from t he t rut h).) look at t he opinions, misguided ideas,
and claims t hey cling t o, even aft er Our clarificat ion and plain, unequivocal explanat ion.
や⇔ゲ∂ ッ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ ⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι∠ ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
モ∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャやノ⊥ Β͡ヨジｚャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱゅ⇔バ∇ヘル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
∇やヲ⊥バら͡ わｚゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ペあエ ∠ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇Βビ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇ピゎ∠ Ι
∠ ょ ͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや
や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ モ ⊥ ∇らホ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ュ∃ ∇ヲホ∠ ￢∠ へ∠ヲ∇ワぺ∠
びモ ͡ Β͡らジｚャや￢͡ へ∠ヲシ
∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤッ ∠ ヱ∠
(76. Say: "How do you worship besides Allah somet hing which has no power eit her t o harm or t o
benefit you But it is Allah Who is t he All-Hearer, All-Knower.'') (77. Say: "O People of t he
Script ure! Exceed not t he limit s in your religion beyond t he t rut h, and do not follow t he vain
desires of people who went ast ray before and who misled many, and st rayed (t hemselves) from
t he right pat h.'')
The Prohibition of Shirk (Polytheism) and Exaggeration in the

Religion
Allah admonishes t hose who t ake up rivals wit h Him and worship t he idols, monument s and
false deit ies. Allah st at es t hat such false deit ies do not deserve any degree of Divinit y. Allah
said,
び∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say) O Muhammad, t o t hose from among t he Children of Adam, such as t he Christ ians, who
worship ot her t han Allah,
Ι
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲ∂ ッ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ マ
⊥ ヤ͡∇ヨΑ∠ Ι
∠ ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇バゎ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
(How do you worship besides Allah somet hing which has no power eit her t o harm or t o benefit
you) meaning, which cannot prevent harm for you nor bring about your benefit ,
びユ⊥ Β͡ヤバ∠ ∇ャやノ⊥ Β͡ヨジ

ｚャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ
(But it is Allah Who is t he All-Hearer, All-Knower.) He hears what His servant s say and has
knowledge of all t hings. Therefore, how did you worship inanimat e obj ect s t hat do not hear,
see or know anyt hing - having no power t o bring harm or benefit t o t hemselves let alone ot hers
- inst ead of worshipping Allah Allah t hen said,
びペ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ Α͡キヴ͡プ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∇ピゎ∠ Ι
∠ ょ
∠ ∇ワほ∠⇒∠Α ∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say: "O People of t he Scipt ure! Exceed not t he limit s in your religion beyond t he t rut h,)
Meaning: Do not exceed t he limit s concerning t he t rut h and exaggerat ion in praising whom you
were commanded t o honor. You exaggerat ed in his case and elevat ed him from t he rank of
Prophet t o t he rank of a god. You did t his wit h ` Isa, who was a Prophet , yet you claimed t hat
he is god besides Allah. This error occurred because you followed your t eachers, t he advocat es
of misguidance who came before your t ime and who,
びモ
͡ Β͡らジ
ｚャや￢͡ へ∠ヲシ
∠ リ∠ハ ∇やヲぁヤッ
∠ ヱ∠ や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ∇やヲぁヤッ
∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(...and who misled many, and st rayed (t hemselves) from t he right pat h,) deviat ed from t he
st raight pat h, t o t he pat h of misguidance and deviat ion.
ラ
͡ ゅ∠ジャ͡ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ モ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ リ͡ョ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやリ ∠ バ͡ ャ⊥ぴ
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミヱｚや∇ヲ∠ダ∠ハゅ∠ヨよ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ͡ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ∠キヱ⊥ヱや∠キ
ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ム∠ レぁョリ∠ハラ ∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ Ι∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バΑ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ョザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ジ⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ョザ ∠ ∇ゃら͡ ャ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやラ ∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠
-ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ͡ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャやヴ͡プヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやテ ∠ガ ͡シ ∠ ラ∠ぺ
ゅ∠ョヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴあら͡ レｚャやヱヮ͡ ヤ∇ャゅ͡よラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ボジ ͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ ∠ ゎｚや
(78. Those among t he Children of Israel who disbelieved were cursed by t he t ongue of Dawud
and ` Isa, son of Maryam. That was because t hey disobeyed (Allah and t he Messengers) and
were ever t ransgressing (beyond t he bounds).) (79. They used not t o forbid one anot her from
t he evil t hey commit t ed. Vile indeed was what t hey used t o do.) (80. You see many of t hem
t aking t he disbelievers as t heir friends. Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have sent forward before
t hemselves; for t hat (reason) Allah is wrat h wit h t hem, and in t orment t hey will abide.) (81.
And had t hey believed in Allah, and in t he Prophet and in what has been revealed t o him, never
would t hey have t aken t hem as friends; but many of t hem are rebellious.)
Allah Cursed the Disbelievers Among the Children of Israel
Allah st at es t hat He has cursed t he disbelievers among t he Children of Israel long ago, and
revealed t his fact t o His Prophet s Dawud and ` Isa, son of Maryam. He cursed t hem because
t hey disobeyed Allah and t ransgressed against His creat ures. Al-` Awfi report ed t hat Ibn ` Abbas
said, "They were cursed in t he Tawrah, t he Inj il, t he Zabur (Psalms) and t he Furqan (Qur'an).''
Allah t hen st at es t hat during t heir t ime, t heir habit was t hat ,
びロ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ プ∠ ゲ∃ ム∠ レぁョリ∠ハラ

∠ ∇ヲヰ∠ ⇒∠レわ∠ Α∠ Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミぴ
(They used not t o forbid one anot her from t he evil t hey commit t ed.) They did not forbid each
ot her from commit t ing sins and t he prohibit ions. Allah chast ised t hem for t his behavior, so t hat
t heir behavior would not be imit at ed. Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅ∠ョザ
(Vile indeed was what t hey used t o do.)
Hadiths that Order Enjoining Righteousness and Forbidding Evil

There are many Hadit hs t hat order enj oining right eousness and forbidding evil. Imam Ahmad
recorded t hat Hudhayfah bin Al-Yaman said t hat t he Prophet said,
∩͡フヱ⊥ゲ∇バヨ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よｚラゲ⊥ ョ⊥ ∇ほわ∠ ャ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚやヱ∠ »

ゑ
∠ バ∠ ∇らΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ぶ
⊥ やリｚム∠ セ
͡ ヲ⊥Βャ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∩͡ゲム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ∠ ラｚヲ⊥ ヰ∠ ∇レわ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠
ょ
∠ Β͡イわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚレハ
⊥ ∇ギわ∠ ャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∩͡ロギ͡ ∇レハ
͡ ∇リョ͡ ゅ⇔よゅ∠ボハ
͡ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
«ユ⊥ムャ∠
(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! You will enj oin right eousness and forbid evil, or Allah will
send a punishment on you from Him. Then, you will supplicat e t o Him, but He will not accept
your supplicat ion.) At -Tirmidhi also recorded it and said, "This Hadit h is Hasan.'' Muslim
recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ロ⊥ ∇ゲあΒピ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ や⇔ゲム∠ ∇レョ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ン∠ぺケ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ヱ ∩͡ヮら͡ ∇ヤボ∠ ら͡ プ∠ ∇ノト͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ∩͡ヮル͡ ゅ∠ジヤ͡ら͡ プ∠ ∇ノト͡ わ∠ ∇ジΑ∠
«ラゅ∠ヨΑ͡み∇ャやブ ⊥ バ∠ ∇ッぺ∠
(He among you who wit nesses an evil, let him change it wit h his hand, if he cannot do t hat ,
t hen by his t ongue, if he cannot do even t hat , t hen wit h his heart , and t his is t he weakest
fait h.) Abu Dawud said t hat Al-` Urs, meaning Ibn ` Amirah, said t hat t he Prophet said,
ゅ∠ワ∠ギ͡ヰ∠セ ∇リョ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミチ͡ ∇ケほ∠∇ャやヶ͡プる⊥ ゃ∠ Β͡トガ ∠ ∇ャやろ ͡ ヤ∠ヨ͡ ハ
⊥ や∠クま͡»
ゆ
∠ ゅ∠ビ ∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ワゲ∠ ム∠ ∇ルほ∠プ∠ り⇔ ゲｚョ∠ メ∠ ゅ∠ホヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰワ∠ ゲ͡ ム∠ プ∠
∇リヨ∠ ミ∠ ラ∠ ゅ∠ミゅ∠ヰΒ∠ ッ
͡ ゲ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ゆ ∠ ゅ∠ビ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠
«ゅ∠ワ∠ギ͡ヰ∠セ
(When sin is commit t ed on t he eart h, t hen whoever wit nesses it and hat es - (once he said):
forbids it , will be like t hose who did not wit ness it . Whoever was absent from it , but agreed
wit h it , will be like t hose who wit ness it .) Only Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h. Abu Dawud
recorded t hat one of t he Companions said t hat t he Prophet said,
∇リョ͡ やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇バΑ⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ やヱ⊥ケグ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ヴｚわェ

∠ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャやマ
∠ ヤ͡∇ヰΑ∠ ∇リャ∠»
«ユ͡ヰジ ͡ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠
(The people will not perish unt il t hey do not leave -or- have any excuse for t hemselves.) Ibn
Maj ah recorded t hat Abu Sa` id Al-Khudri said t hat t he Messenger of Allah gave a speech once
and said,
ペ
ｚエ∠ ∇ャやメ
∠ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやる⊥ ら∠ ∇Βワ∠ ゅ⇔ヤィ
⊥ ケ∠ リ
ｚバ∠ レ∠ ∇ヨΑ∠ ゅ∠ャゅ∠ャぺ∠»
«ヮ∠ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ や∠クま͡
(Behold! Fear from people should not prevent one from saying t he t rut h if he knows it .) Abu
Sa` id t hen cried and said, "By Allah! We have seen some errors, but we feared (t he people).''
Anot her Hadit h t hat Abu Sa` id narrat ed st at es t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
«ゲ͡もゅ∠ィラ
∃ ゅ∠ト∇ヤシ
⊥ ギ∠ ∇レハ
͡ ペ
∠ェ∠ る⊥ ヨ∠ ヤ͡ミ∠ キ͡ ゅ∠ヰイ
͡ ∇ャやモ
⊥ツ
∠ ∇プぺ∠»
(The best Jihad is a word of t rut h proclaimed before an unj ust ruler.) Recorded by Abu Dawud,
At -Tirmidhi, and Ibn Maj ah. At -Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Gharib from t his rout e of narrat ion.'' Imam
Ahmad recorded t hat Hudhayfah said t hat t he Prophet said,
«ヮ∠ジ∇ヘル∠ ｚメグ͡ Α⊥ ∇ラぺ∠ ユ∃ ヤ͡∇ジヨ⊥ ャ͡ ヶ͡ピら∠ ∇レΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ»

(It is not required of t he Muslim t hat he humiliat e himself.) They said, ` How does one
humiliat e himself'' he said;
«ペΒ͡トΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャゅ∠ヨャ͡ ￢͡ ゅ∠ヤら∠ ∇ャやリ

∠ ョ͡ チ
⊥ ゲｚバ∠ わ∠ Α∠ »
(He t akes on t rials t hat he is not capable of enduring. ) This was recorded by At -Tirmidhi and
Ibn Maj ah, and At -Tirmidhi said, "This Hadit h is Hasan Sahih Gharib.''
Censuring the Hypocrites

Allah said,
∠ ∇ヲャｚヲ∠ わ∠ Α∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ ぴ
(You see many of t hem t aking t he disbelievers as t heir friends.) Muj ahid said t hat t his Ayah
refers t o t he hypocrit es. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ジ
⊥ ヘ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ろョ∠ ギｚホ∠ ゅ∠ョザ
(Evil indeed is t hat which t hey have sent forward before t hemselves;) by giving t heir loyalt y
and support t o t he disbelievers, inst ead of t he believers. This evil act caused t hem t o have
hypocrisy in t heir heart s and brought t hem t he anger of Allah, t hat will remain wit h t hem unt il
t he Day of Ret urn. Allah said;
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやテ
∠ガ͡シ
∠ ラ∠ぺぴ
(for t hat (reason) Allah is wrat h wit h t hem) because of what t hey did. Allah next said t hat ,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギヤ͡⇒∠カ ∇ユワ⊥ ゆ
͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ
(in t orment t hey will abide) on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah's st at ement ,
ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
∠ ゴ͡ ∇ルぺ⊥ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヴ
あら͡ レｚャやヱヮ͡ ヤ∇ャゅ͡よラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
び￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ヱ⊥グガ
∠ ゎｚやゅ∠ョ
(And had t hey believed in Allah, and in t he Prophet and in what has been revealed t o him,
never would t hey have t aken t hem as friends.) meaning, had t hey sincerely believed in Allah,
His Messenger and t he Qur'an, t hey would not have commit t ed t he evil act of support ing t he
disbelievers in secret and being enemies wit h t hose who believe in Allah, t he Prophet and what
was revealed t o him,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ボジ
͡ ⇒∠プ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョあや⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠ リ
ｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
(but many of t hem are rebellious). disobedient t o Allah and His Messenger and defiant of t he
Ayat of His revelat ion t hat He sent down.
キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあり⇔ ヱ∠ や∠ギハ∠ サ ͡ ゅｚレャやギｚセ ∠ ぺ∠ ラｚギ∠ イ

͡ わ∠ ャ∠ぴ
リ∠ Α͡グヤｚャあり⇔ キｚヲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ラｚギ∠ イ
͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヱ∠
∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラｚほ∠よ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クン∠ケゅ∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ リ∠ Β͡ジΒあジホ͡
∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ャヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ペあエ ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ハ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ͡ ∇ョギｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヂ ⊥ Β͡ヘゎ∠
Ι
∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢べ∠レよｚケ∠
ラ∠ぺノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トル∠ ヱ∠ ペあエ ∠ ∇ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よリ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠をほ∠プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡エヤ͡⇒ｚダャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レよぁケ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠カ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥
リ
∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ろ ∃ ⇒ｚレィ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ヨよ͡
∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱリ ∠ Β͡レジ
͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プ
びユ͡ Β͡エイ∠ ∇ャやょ
⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ べ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αゅ∠⇒よ͡ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚミ∠ ヱ∠
(82. Verily, you will find t he st rongest among men in enmit y t o t he believers t he Jews and
t hose who commit Shirk, and you will find t he nearest in love t o t he believers t hose who say:
"We are Christ ians.'' That is because among t hem are priest s and monks, and t hey are not
proud.) (83. And when t hey list en t o what has been sent down t o t he Messenger, you see t heir
eyes overflowing wit h t ears because of t he t rut h t hey have recognized. They say: "Our Lord!
We believe; so writ e us down among t he wit nesses.'') (84. "And why should we not believe in
Allah and in t hat which has come t o us of t he t rut h And we wish t hat our Lord will admit us
along wit h t he right eous people.'') (85. So because of what t hey said, Allah awarded t hem wit h
Gardens under which rivers flow, t hey will abide t herein forever. Such is t he reward of good-
doers.) (86. But t hose who disbelieved and belied Our Ayat , t hey shall be t he dwellers of Hell.)
The Reason Behind Revealing these Ayat

Sa` id bin Jubayr, As-Suddi and ot hers said t hat t hese Ayat were revealed concerning a
delegat ion t hat An-Naj ashi (King of Et hiopia) sent t o t he Prophet in order t o hear his words and
observe his qualit ies. When t he delegat ion met wit h t he Prophet and he recit ed t he Qur'an t o
t hem, t hey embraced Islam, cried and were humbled. Then t hey ret urned t o An-Naj ashi and
t old him what happened. ` At a' bin Abi Rabah comment ed, "They were Et hiopians who
embraced Islam when t he Muslims who migrat ed t o Et hiopia resided among t hem.'' Qat adah
said, "They were some followers of t he religion of ` Isa, son of Maryam, who when t hey saw
Muslims and heard t he Qur'an, t hey became Muslims wit hout hesit at ion.'' Ibn Jarir said t hat
t hese Ayat were revealed concerning some people who fit t his descript ion, whet her t hey were
from Et hiopia or ot herwise. Allah said,
キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ

∠ Α͡グヤｚャあり⇔ ヱ∠ や∠ギハ
∠ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやギｚセ
∠ ぺ∠ ラ
ｚギ∠ イ
͡ わ∠ ャ∠ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ミゲ∠ ∇セぺ∠ リ
∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱ
(Verily, you will find t he st rongest among men in enmit y t o t he believers t he Jews and t hose
who commit Shirk,) This describes t he Jews, since t heir disbelief is t hat of rebellion, defiance,
opposing t he t rut h, belit t ling ot her, people and degrading t he scholars. This is why t he Jews -
may Allah's cont inued curses descend on t hem unt il t he Day of Resurrect ion - killed many of
t heir Prophet s and t ried t o kill t he Messenger of Allah several t imes, as well as, performing
magic spells against him and poisoning him. They also incit ed t heir likes among t he polyt heist s
against t he Prophet . Allah's st at ement ,
∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホリ
∠ Α͡グャｚや ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ
∠ Α͡グヤｚャあり⇔ キｚヲ∠ ョｚ ∇ユヰ⊥ よ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ホぺ∠ ラ
ｚギ∠ イ
͡ わ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
びン∠ケゅ∠ダル∠ ゅｚル͡ま
(and you will find t he nearest in love t o t he believers t hose who say: "We are Christ ians.'')
refers t o t hose who call t hemselves Christ ians, who follow t he religion of t he Messiah and t he
t eachings of his Inj il. These people are generally more t olerant of Islam and it s people,
because of t he mercy and kindness t hat t heir heart s acquired t hrough part of t he Messiah's
religion. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;
る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ヱ∠ る⇔ プ∠ ∇ぺケ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥バら∠ ゎｚやリ

∠ Α͡グャｚやゆ
͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴ͡プゅ∠レ∇ヤバ∠ ィ ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びる⇔ Βｚル͡ ゅ∠ら∇ワケ∠ ヱ∠
(And We ordained in t he heart s of t hose who followed him, compassion, mercy, and
monast icism...) 57:27 . In t heir book is t he saying; "He who st rikes you on t he right cheek,
t hen t urn t he left cheek for him.'' And fight ing was prohibit ed in t heir creed, and t his is why
Allah said,
Ι
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ リ
∠ Β͡ジΒあジホ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラｚほ∠よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠
(That is because among t hem are Qissisin (priest s) and Ruhban (monks), and t hey are not
proud.) This means t hat among t hem are Qissisin (priest s). The word Ruhban refers t o one
dedicat ed t o worship. Allah said,
Ι
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ルゅ∠ら∇ワケ⊥ ヱ∠ リ
∠ Β͡ジΒあジホ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラｚほ∠よ͡ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲら͡ ∇ムわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠
(That is because among t hem are priest s and monks, and t hey are not proud.) This describes
t hem wit h knowledge, worship and humbleness, along wit h following t he t rut h and fairness.
∇ユヰ⊥ レ∠ Β⊥ ∇ハぺ∠ ン∠ゲゎ∠ メ

͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ メ ∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ͡ シ∠ や∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びペあエ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ∠ ハ
∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ノ͡ ∇ョギｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ヂ
⊥ Β͡ヘゎ∠
(And when t hey list en t o what has been sent down t o t he Messenger, you see t heir eyes
overflowing wit h t ears because of t he t rut h t hey have recognized.) This refers t o t he good
news t hat t hey have about t he advent of Muhammad ,
びリ
∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レ∇らわ⊥ ∇ミゅ∠プゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢べ∠レよｚケ∠ ラ
(They say: "Our Lord! We believe; so writ e us down among t he wit nesses.'') who t est ify t o t he
t rut h and believe in it .
ペ
あエ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ル￢∠ べ∠ィゅ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よリ ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽル⊥ Ι ∠ ゅ∠レ∠ャゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
び ∠リΒ͡エ͡ヤ⇒ｚダャやュ͡ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやノ∠ ョ∠ ゅ∠レよぁケ∠ ゅ∠レヤ∠カ͡ ∇ギΑ⊥ ラ∠ぺノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇トル∠ ヱ∠
("And why should we not believe in Allah and in t hat which has come t o us of t he t rut h And We
wish t hat our Lord will admit us (in Paradise) along wit h t he right eous people.'') Such sect of
Christ ians are t hose ment ioned in Allah's st at ement ,
メ
∠ ゴ͡ ル⊥ぺべ∠ョヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よリ⊥ ョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ リ∠ヨャ∠ ょ
͡ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやモ ͡ ∇ワぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラｚま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
∠ Β͡バゼ
͡ ⇒∠カ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ メ
(And t here are, cert ainly, among t he People of t he Script ure, t hose who believe in Allah and in
t hat which has been revealed t o you, and in t hat which has been revealed t o t hem, humbling
t hemselves before Allah.) 3:199 and,
-ラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ワヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ⇒∠レ∇Βゎ∠ や∠￢リ

べ∠レよあケｚリ͡ョペぁエ ∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ｚルま͡ ヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や￢∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴ∠ヤ∇わΑ⊥ や∠ク͡ま∠ヱ
びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リ͡ョゅｚレミ⊥ ゅｚルま
(Those t o whom We gave t he Script ure before it , t hey believe in it (t he Qur'an). And when it is
recit ed t o t hem, t hey say, "We believe in it . Verily, it is t he t rut h from our Lord. Indeed even
before it we were Muslims'') 28:52-53 , unt il,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヤヰ͡ ⇒∠イ∇ャやヴ͡ピわ∠ ∇らル∠ Ι
∠ぴ
("We seek not t he ignorant .'') 28:55 This is why Allah said here,
び∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ よ∠ ゅ∠をほ∠プ∠ ぴ

(So because of what t hey said, Allah awarded t hem...) rewarding t hem for embracing t he fait h
and recognizing and believing in t he t rut h,
びゅ∠ヰΒ͡プリ
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィぴ
(Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise), t hey will abide t herein forever.) and t hey will
never be removed from it , for t hey will dwell and remain in it forever and ever,
びリ
∠ Β͡レジ
͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャや￢⊥ へ∠ゴィ
∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Such is t he reward of good-doers) who follow t he t rut h and obey it wherever, whenever and
wit h whomever t hey find it . Allah t hen describes t he condit ion of t he miserable.
びべ∠レわ͡ ⇒∠Αべ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥よグｚミ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ

(But t hose who disbelieved and belied Our Ayat ,) defied and opposed t hem,
びユ͡ Β͡エイ
∠ ∇ャやょ
⊥ ⇒∠エ∇タぺ∠ マ
∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ぴ
(t hey shall be t he dwellers of t he (Hell) Fire.) For t hey are t he people of t he Fire who will
ent er and reside in it (et ernally).
モｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあデ

∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲあエ∠ ゎ⊥ Ι
-リ ∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ ͡ Α⊥ Ι
ｚま͡ ∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱゅ⇔らあΒデ ∠ Κ ⇔ ⇒∠ヤェ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わル∠ぺン͡グャｚや
(87. O you who believe! Make not unlawful t he good t hings which Allah has made lawful t o you,
and t ransgress not . Verily, Allah does not like t he t ransgressors.) (88. And eat of t he t hings
which Allah has provided for you, lawful and good, and have Taqwa of Allah in Whom you
believe.)
There is No Monasticism in Islam

` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "This Ayah 5:87 was revealed about some of t he
Companions of t he Prophet who said, ` We should cut off our male organs, abandon t he desires
of t his life and t ravel in t he land, j ust as t he Ruhban (monks) do.' When t he Prophet heard of
t his st at ement , he summoned t hem and asked t hem if t hey made t his st at ement and t hey
answered ` Yes.' The Prophet said,
ウ
⊥ ム͡ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ュゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩ヶあヤタ∠ ぺ⊥ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲト ͡ ∇プぺ⊥ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥タぺ∠ ヶあレム͡ ャ»
∇グカ
⊥ ∇ほΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩ヶあレョ͡ ヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡わレｚジ
⊥ よ͡ グ∠ カ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあャや
«ヶあレョ͡ ザ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヶ͡わレｚジ
⊥ ͡よ
(I fast and break my fast , pray and sleep, and marry women. Whoever follows my Sunnah is of
me, and whoever abandons my Sunnah is not of me.)'' Ibn Abi Hat im also collect ed t his Hadit h.
Ibn Marduwyah recorded t hat Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas narrat ed a similar Hadit h. It is
recorded in t he Two Sahihs t hat ` A'ishah said t hat some of t he Companions asked t he wives of
t he Prophet about t he act s of worship t hat he performed in privat e. One of t hem said, "I will
not eat meat ,'' anot her said, "I will not marry women,'' while t he t hird said, "I will not sleep on
t he bed.'' When t he Prophet heard t his st at ement , he said,
ヶあレム͡ ャ ∩や∠グミ∠ ヱ∠ や∠グミ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ェ

∠ ぺ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΑ∠ ュ∃ や∠ヲ∇ホぺ∠ メ⊥ ゅ∠よゅ∠ョ»
∩∠ユ∇エヤｚャやモ⊥ ミ⊥ へ∠ヱ ∩⊥ュヲ⊥ホぺ∠ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ∩⊥ゲト ͡ ∇プぺ⊥ヱ∠ ュ⊥ ヲ⊥タぺ∠
ザ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠プ∠ ヶ͡わレｚシ
⊥ ∇リハ ∠ ょ ∠ ビ ͡ ケ∠ ∇リヨ∠ プ∠ ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジレあャやァ ⊥ ヱｚゴ∠ ゎ∠ ぺ∠ヱ∠
«ヶあレョ͡
(What is t he mat t er wit h some people who said such and such I fast and break t he fast , sleep
and wake t o st and t o pray, eat meat , and marry women. He who is not pleased wit h my Sunnah
is not of me.) Allah's st at ement ,
び∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t ransgress not .) means, do not exaggerat e and make it hard for yourselves by prohibit ing
t he permissible t hings. Do not t ransgress t he limit s by excessively indulging in t he permissible
mat t ers; only use of it what sat isfies your need; and do not fall int o ext ravagance. Allah said in
ot her Ayat ,
び∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジゎ⊥ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥よゲ∠ ∇セや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱぴ
(And eat and drink but wast e not by ext ravagance.) 7:31 , and,
ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲわ⊥ ∇ボΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥プゲ͡ ∇ジΑ⊥ ∇ユャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ボヘ∠ ル∠ぺへ∠クま͡ リ∠ Α͡グャｚや∠ヱぴ
びゅ⇔ョや∠ヲホ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク∠ リ∠ ∇Βよ∠
(And t hose, who, when t hey spend, are neit her ext ravagant nor miserly, but hold a medium
(way) bet ween t hose (ext remes).) 25:67 So Allah legislat ed a medium way bet ween t hose who
are ext reme and t hose who fall int o short comings, and it does not allow excessive applicat ion,
nor lack of applicat ion. This is why Allah said here,
∇やヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやモ
ｚェ
∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョろ ͡ ⇒∠らΒあデ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ョゲあエ
∠ ゎ⊥ Ι∠ぴ
びリ
∠ Α͡ギわ∠ ∇バヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ͡ Α⊥ Ι
ｚま͡
(Make not unlawful t he good t hings which Allah has made lawful t o you, and t ransgress not .
Verily, Allah does not like t he t ransgressors.) t hen He said,
∠ Κ
⇔ ⇒∠ヤェ
∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ホ∠ コ∠ ケ∠ ゅｚヨョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤミ⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And eat of t he t hings which Allah has provided for you, lawful and good,) 5:88 , eat of t hose
it ems t hat are pure and lawful for you,

(and have Taqwa of Allah,) in all your affairs, obey Him and seek His pleasure, all t he while
st aying away from defiance and disobedience of Allah,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽョ⊥ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥わル∠ぺン͡グャｚやヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(and have Taqwa of Allah in Whom you believe.)
リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ヴ͡プヲ͡ ∇ピヤｚャゅ͡よヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ グ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ Ι ∠ぴ

ュ⊥ ゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム∠ プ∠ リ ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇ΑΙ
ｘやユ⊥ ぁゎギｚボハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ミグ⊥ カ ͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥
∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョテ ͡シ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ リ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ゼ ∠ハ ∠
る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ
͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ
͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ヨプ∠ る∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡
∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠ェ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ り⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αや∠￢ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやリ
∠ ャ͡グ∠ミ ∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠
び
(89. Allah will not punish you for what is unint ent ional in your oat hs, but He will punish you for
your deliberat e oat hs; for it s expiat ion feed t en poor, on a scale of t he Awsat of t hat wit h
which you feed your own families; or clot he t hem; or free a slave. But whosoever cannot
afford, t hen he should fast for t hree days. That is t he expiat ion for t he oat hs when you have
sworn. And prot ect your oat hs. Thus Allah makes clear t o you His Ayat t hat you may be
grat eful.)
Unintentional Oaths
We ment ioned t he subj ect of unint ent ional oat hs in Surat Al-Baqarah, all praise and t hanks are
due t o Allah, and so we do not need t o repeat it here. We also ment ioned t hat t he Laghw in
oat hs refers t o one's saying, "No by Allah,'' or, "Yes, by Allah,'' unint ent ionally.
Expiation for Breaking the Oaths

Allah said,
びリ
∠ ⇒ヨ∠ ∇ΑΙ
ｘやユ⊥ ぁゎギｚボハ
∠ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ユ⊥ミグ⊥ カ
͡ や∠ぽΑ⊥ リ͡ム⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
(but He will punish you for your deliberat e oat hs.) in reference t o t he oat hs t hat you int end in
your heart s,
びリ
∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ゼ
∠ハ
∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バ∇デま͡ ヮ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘム∠ プ∠ ぴ
(for it s expiat ion (a deliberat e oat h) feed t en poor,), who are needy, not able t o find
necessit ies of t he life. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユム⊥ Β͡ヤ∇ワぺ∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨバ͡ ∇トゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョテ
͡シ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ぴ
(on a scale of t he Awsat of t hat wit h which you feed your own families;) means, "On t he
average scale of what you feed your families,'' according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Sa` id bin Jubayr and
` Ikrimah. ` At a' Al-Khurasani comment ed on t he Ayah, "From t he best of what you feed your
families''. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ヲ∠ ∇ジミ͡ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or clot he t hem,) refers t o clot hing each of t he t en persons wit h what is suit able t o pray in,
whet her t he poor person was male or female. Allah knows best . Al-` Awfi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas
said t hat t he Ayah means a robe or garment for each poor person (of t he t en). Muj ahid also
said t hat t he least of clot hing, referred t o in t he Ayah, is a garment , and t he most is what ever
you wish. Al-Hasan, Abu Ja` far Al-Baqir, ` At a', Tawus, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Hammad bin Abi
Sulayman and Abu Malik said t hat it means (giving each of t he t en poor persons) a garment
each. Allah's st at ement ,
びる∃ ら∠ ホ∠ ケ∠ ゲ⊥ Α͡ゲ∇エゎ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or free a slave) refers t o freeing a believing slave. In t he Muwat t a' of Malik, t he Musnad of Ash-
Shafi` i and t he Sahih of Muslim, a lengt hy Hadit h was recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-Hakam As-
Sulami said t hat he once had t o free a slave (as at onement ) and he brought a black slave girl
before t he Messenger of Allah , who asked her;
«∨⊥ぶやリ
∠ ∇Αぺ∠»
(Where is Allah) She said, "Above t he heavens.'' He said,
«∨ゅ∠ルぺ∠ ∇リョ∠ »
(Who am I) She said, "The Messenger of Allah.'' He said,
«る∠レ͡ョ∇ぽョ⊥ ゅ∠ヰルｚみ͡プ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇ボわ͡ ∇ハぺ∠»

(Free her, for she is a believer.) There are t hree t ypes of expiat ion for breaking deliberat e
oat hs, and whichever one chooses, it will suffice, according t o t he consensus (of t he scholars).
Allah ment ioned t he easiest , t hen t he more difficult opt ions, since feeding is easier t han giving
away clot hes, and giving away clot hes is easier t han freeing a slave. If one is unable t o fulfill
any of t hese opt ions, t hen he fast s for t hree days for expiat ion, j ust as Allah said,
びュ∃ ゅｚΑぺ∠ る͡ ん∠ ⇒∠ヤを∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠Βダ

͡ プ∠ ∇ギイ
͡ Α∠ ∇ユャｚリ∠ヨプ∠ ぴ
(But whosoever cannot afford (t hat ), t hen he should fast for t hree days.) Ubayy bin Ka` b and
Ibn Mas` ud and his st udent s read t his Ayah as follows, "Then he should fast t hree consecut ive
days.'' Even if t his st at ement was not narrat ed t o us as a part of t he Qur'an t hrough Mut awat ir
narrat ion, it would st ill be an explanat ion of t he Qur'an by t he Companions t hat has t he ruling
of being relat ed from t he Prophet . Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇ヘヤ∠ェ
∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ り⊥ ケ∠ ゅｚヘミ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
(That is t he expiat ion for t he oat hs when you have sworn.) 5:89 means, t his is t he legal way
t o at one for deliberat e oat hs,
び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヌヘ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱぴ

(And prot ect your oat hs.) Do not leave your broken oat hs wit hout paying t he expiat ion for
t hem, according t o t he meaning given by Ibn Jarir.
びヮ͡ わ͡ ⇒∠Αへ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャやリ

∠ ャ͡グ∠ ミ∠ ぴ
(Thus Allah makes clear t o you His Ayat ) and explains t hem t o you,
びラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲム⊥ ∇ゼゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ぴ
(t hat you may be grat eful.)
ゲ⊥ ジ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へリ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

リ͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやモ͡ ヨ∠ ハ∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙ ｘや∠ヱゆ ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ
ラ∠ぺリ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ
ゲ͡ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱり∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥Α
り͡ ヲ∠ヤダｚャやリ ͡ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ∇ミク͡ リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ギｚダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥バΒ͡デぺ∠ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハゅ∠プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βャｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ラ͡みプ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ケグ∠ ∇ェや∠ヱメ ∠ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや
∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ - リ ⊥ Β͡らヨ⊥ ∇ャやヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤら∠ ∇ャやゅ∠レャ͡ヲ⊥シケ∠
ゅ∠ョや∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ ∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠
∇やヲ∠ボゎｚやｚユを⊥ ろ ͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢∠ヱ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚや
リ
∠ Β͡レジ ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやぁょエ͡ Α⊥ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥レジ
∠ ∇ェぺ∠ヱｚ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚやｚユを⊥ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢ヱ∠
び
(90. O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are a Rij s of Shayt an's handiwork. So
avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful.) (91. Shayt an want s only t o excit e enmit y and
hat red bet ween you wit h Khamr and Maysir, and hinder you from t he remembrance of Allah
and from t he Salah (t he prayer). So, will you not t hen abst ain) (92. And obey Allah and obey
t he Messenger, and beware. Then if you t urn away, you should know t hat it is Our Messenger's
dut y t o convey in t he clearest way.) (93. Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here
is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e, if t hey have Taqwa and believe and do right eous good
deeds, and t hey (again) have Taqwa and believe, and t hen (once again) have Taqwa and
perform good. And Allah loves t he good-doers.)
Prohibiting Khamr (Intoxicants) and Maysir (Gambling)

Allah forbids His believing servant s from consuming Khamr and Maysir which is gambling. Ibn
Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Ali bin Abi Talib, t he Leader of t he Fait hful, said t hat chess is a t ype
of gambling. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` At a', Muj ahid and Tawus, or , t wo of t hem, said t hat
every t ype of gambling, including children's playing wit h (a cert ain t ype of) nut s, is Maysir. Ibn
` Umar said t hat Al-Maysir means gambling, and t his is t he same st at ement t hat Ad-Dahhak
report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, who added, "They used t o gamble during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah,
unt il Islam came. Allah t hen forbade t hem from t his evil behavior.''
Meaning of Ansab and Azlam

Al-Ansab were alt ar st ones, in whose vicinit y sacrifices were offered (during t he t ime of
Jahiliyyah), according t o Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, ` At a', Sa` id bin Jubayr and Al-Hasan. They also
said t hat Al-Azlam were arrows t hat t hey used for lot t eries t o make decisions, as Ibn Abi Hat im
narrat ed. Allah said,
びリ
͡ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼ
ｚャやモ
͡ ヨ∠ ハ
∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケぴ
(A Rij s of Shayt an's handiwork) meaning, abominat ion of Shayt an's handiwork, according t o ` Ali
bin Abi Talhah who report ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. Sa` id bin Jubayr said t hat Rij s means ` sin'
while Zayd bin Aslam said; "An evil handiwork of Shayt an.''
びロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プぴ

(So avoid t hat ) avoid all of t hese abominat ions,
びラ
(in order t hat you may be successful.) and t his is a st at ement of encouragement . Allah said
next ,
り∠ ヱ∠ や∠ギバ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ レ∠ ∇Βよ∠ ノ∠ ホ͡ ヲ⊥Α ラ∠ぺリ ⊥ ⇒∠ト∇Βゼｚャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ

リ∠ハ ∇ユミ⊥ ｚギダ ⊥ Α∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ジ ͡ ∇Βヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱゲ͡ ∇ヨガ
∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ￢∠ べ∠ツ∇ピら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヰわ∠ レぁョ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇モヰ∠ プ∠ り͡ ヲ∠ヤダ
ｚャやリ ͡ハ∠ ヱ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやゲ͡ ∇ミク͡
(Shayt an want s only t o excit e enmit y and hat red bet ween you wit h Khamr (int oxicant s) and
Maysir (gambling), and hinder you from t he remembrance of Allah and from t he Salah (t he
prayer). So, will you not t hen abst ain) This is a t hreat and a warning.
Hadiths that Prohibit Khamr (Intoxicants)

Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "There were t hree st ages t o prohibit ing Khamr
(int oxicant s). When t he Messenger of Allah migrat ed t o Al-Madinah, t he people were consuming
alcohol and gambling, so t hey asked t he Messenger of Allah about t hese t hings, Allah revealed,
∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀ユ∇を͡まべ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ ゲ͡ ジ

∠ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠
(They ask you about alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In t hem is a great sin, and (some)
benefit for men.'') 2:219 , unt il t he end of t he Ayah. The people said, ` They (int oxicant s and
gambling) were not prohibit ed for us. Allah only said,
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャノ⊥ ヘ͡ ⇒∠レョ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ∀ユ∇を͡まべ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プぴ
(In t hem is a great sin, and (some) benefit for men.)' So t hey went on drinking Khamr unt il one
day, one of t he emigrant s lead his companions in t he Maghrib prayer and mixed up t he Ayat in
his recit at ion. Thereaft er, Allah sent down a t ougher st at ement ,

びラ
(O you who believe! Approach not t he Salah (t he prayer) when you are in a drunken st at e unt il
you know (t he meaning of) what you ut t er.) 4:43 xThen, t he people would drink before t he
t ime of t he prayer so t hat t hey would at t end t he prayer while sober. A firmer Ayah was lat er
revealed,
ゲ⊥ ジ
びラ
(O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are an abominat ion of Shayt an's
handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful.) 5:90-91 So t hey said, ` We
abst ained, O Lord!' Lat er, some people said, ` O Allah's Messenger! Some people died in t he
cause of Allah, while some ot hers died in t heir beds, but t hey used t o drink alcohol and indulge
in gambling, which Allah has made a Rij s of t he work of Shayt an.' So Allah sent down,
ろ
∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ
∠ ゅ∠ヨΒ͡プ ∀ゥゅ∠レィ
⊥
(Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e...)
5:93 , unt il t he end of t he Ayah. The Prophet said,
«ユ⊥わ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ロ⊥ ヲ⊥ミゲ∠ わ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

⊥ ∇ヲャ∠»
(Had t hey been made impermissible for t hem, t hey would have abandoned t hem as you have
abandoned t hem.) Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Umar bin Al-
Khat t ab said, "O Allah! Explain t he verdict about Khamr t o us clearly.'' The Ayah in Surat Al-
Baqarah was revealed,
∀ユ∇をま͡ べ∠ヨ͡ヰΒ͡プ ∇モホ⊥ ゲ͡ ジ

∠ ∇ャやリ
͡ハ
び∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠
(They ask you about alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In t hem is a great sin.'') 2:219 ` Umar
was summoned and t his Ayah was recit ed t o him, but he st ill said, "O Allah! Make t he verdict of
Khamr clear t o us.'' Then t he Ayah in Surat An-Nisa' was revealed,
びン∠ゲ⇒∠ムシ ⊥
(O you who believe! Do not approach t he Salah when you are in a drunken st at e.) 4:43
Thereaft er, t he Prophet had someone herald when it was t ime t o pray, "Those in a drunken
st at e are not t o approach t he prayer.'' ` Umar was again summoned and t he Ayah was recit ed t o
him, but he st ill said, "O Allah! Make t he verdict concerning Khamr clear t o us.'' Then, t he Ayah
in Surat Al-Ma'idah 5:91 was revealed, and ` Umar was summoned and it was recit ed t o him.
When he reached t he part of t he Ayah t hat reads,
びラ
(So, will you not t hen abst ain) 5:91 , ` Umar said, "We abst ained, we abst ained.'' Abu Dawud,
At -Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h. ` Ali bin Al-Madini and At -Tirmidhi graded it
Sahih. It is recorded in t he Two Sahihs, t hat ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab said in a speech; while
st anding on t he Minbar of t he Messenger of Allah (in t he Prophet 's Masj id in Al-Madinah) "O
people! The prohibit ion of Khamr was revealed; and Khamr was ext ract ed from five t hings:
From grapes, dat es, honey, wheat and barley. Khamr is what int oxicat es t he mind.'' Al-Bukhari
recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "The prohibit ion of Khamr was revealed when t here were five
kinds of int oxicant s in Al-Madinah, besides what was produced from grapes.''
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Anas said, "I once was giving an alcoholic beverage t o Abu
` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah, ` Ubayy bin Ka` b, Suhayl bin Bayda' and several of t heir friends
meet ing at Abu Talhah's house. When t hey were almost int oxicat ed, some Muslims came and
said, ` Did you not know t hat Khamr has been prohibit ed' They said, ` We'll wait and ask.' They
t hen said, ` O Anas! Spill t he remaining alcohol out of your cont ainer.' By Allah! They never
drank it again, and t heir Khamr at t hat t ime was made from unripe and normal dat es.''' This is
also recorded in t he Two Sahihs. In anot her narrat ion by Anas, "I was t he but ler of t he people
in t he house of Abu Talhah when Khamr was prohibit ed, and in t hose days alcohol was made
from unripe and normal dat es. A caller t hen heralded, and Abu Talhah ordered me t o see what
it was about . So I found t hat a person was announcing t hat alcoholic drinks had been
prohibit ed. Abu Talhah ordered me t o go out and spill t he wine. I went out and spilled it , and it
flowed in t he st reet s of Al-Madinah. Some people said, ` Some people were killed and wine was
st ill in t heir st omachs.' Lat er on, Allah's revelat ion came,
ろ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲレ⊥ ョ∠ や∠￢リ
⊥
(Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey
at e...) 5:93 .'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said, "I was serving Abu Talhah, Abu
` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah, Abu Duj anah, Mu` adh bin Jabal and Suhayl bin Bayda', unt il t hey
became int oxicat ed from an alcoholic drink made of mixed unripe and normal dat es. Then I
heard someone herald, ` Khamr has been made illegal.' So no one went in or out unt il we spilled
t he alcohol and broke it s barrels. Some of us t hen performed ablut ion and ot hers t ook a
shower, and we wore some perfume. We t hen went out t o t he Masj id while t he Messenger of
Allah was recit ing,
ゲ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ へリ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
∠ ∇リョあ ∀ザ∇ィ͡ケュ⊥ Ι ∠ ∇コΙｘや∠ヱゆ⊥ ゅ∠ダルｘΙや∠ヱ
びロ⊥ ヲ⊥らレ͡ わ∠ ∇ィゅ∠プ
(O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are only an abominat ion of Shayt an's
handiwork. So avoid t hat ...) 5:90 , unt il,
びラ
(So, will you not t hen abst ain) 5:91 . A man asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What about t hose
who died drinking it ' Allah sent down t he verse,
ろ
⊥
(Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey
at e.) 5:93 .''
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ∠ ∇ャやろ ͡ レ∠ バ͡ ャ⊥ :ヮ∃ ィ

⊥ ∇ヱぺ∠ り͡ ゲ∠ ∇ゼハ
∠ ヴヤ∠ハゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャやろ͡ レ∠ バ͡ ャ⊥»
∩ゅ∠ヰハ⊥ ゅ∠わ∇らョ⊥ ∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ホゅ∠シヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ∇Βバ∠ よ͡
る⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヨ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅヰ⊥ヤョ͡ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ダ ͡ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ タ ͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠
«ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ モ
⊥ ミ͡ へ∠ヱ ∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡
(Ten mat t ers relat ed t o Khamr were cursed. Khamr it self was cursed, whoever drinks it , it s
server, seller, buyer, brewer, who asks for it t o be brewed, whoever carries it , whomever it is
carried t o and whoever consumes it s price.) Abu Dawud and Ibn Maj ah recorded t his Hadit h.
Ahmad recorded t hat Ibn ` Umar said, "Once, t he Messenger of Allah went out and I went out
wit h him. I walked t o his right , but Abu Bakr came along and I gave way t o him, and Abu Bakr
was walking on t he Prophet 's right , while I was walking on his left . Then ` Umar came along and
he was walking on t he Prophet 's left , since I gave way t o him. The Messenger of Allah t hen
found a leat her skin hanging cont aining alcohol, so he asked for a knife and ordered t hat t he
skin be cut open. He t hen said,
∩ゅ∠ヰバ⊥ も͡ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰΒ͡ホゅ∠シヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰよ⊥ ケ͡ ゅ∠セヱ∠ ゲ⊥ ∇ヨガ ∠ ∇ャやろ͡ レ∠ バ͡ ャ⊥»

∩͡ヮ∇Βャ∠ま͡ る⊥ ャ∠ヲ⊥ヨ∇エヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ヰヤ⊥ョ͡ ゅ∠ェヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ヰハ
⊥ ゅ∠わ∇らョ⊥ ヱ∠
«ゅ∠ヰレ͡ ヨ∠ を∠ モ
⊥ ミ͡ へ∠ヱ ∩ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ ダ
͡ わ∠ ∇バョ⊥ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ワゲ⊥ タ
͡ ゅ∠ハヱ∠
(Khamr was cursed, and so are t hose who drink it , serve it , sell it , buy it , carry it , have it
carried t o t hem, brew it , have it brewed and consume it s price.)''
Another Hadith
Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi recorded t hat Sa` d said, "There were four Ayat revealed about
Khamr...'' He t hen said, "A man from Al-Ansar made some food and invit ed us. We drank Khamr
before it was prohibit ed and became int oxicat ed, and t hus st art ed t o boast about our st at us.
The Ansar said t hat t hey were bet t er, while Quraysh (t he Muhaj irin) said t hat t hey were bet t er.
So a man from t he Ansar t ook a bone and st ruck Sa` d's nose wit h it and made a flesh wound on
it . Ever since t hat happened, Sa` d's nose had a scar from t hat wound. The Ayah,
びゲ⊥ ジ
∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ぴ
(Int oxicant s, gambling,) unt il,
びラ
(So, will you not t hen abst ain) was lat er revealed.'' Muslim recorded t his Hadit h.
Another Hadith
Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "This Ayah in t he Qur'an,
ゲ⊥ ジ
びラ
(O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir, Ansab, and Azlam are only an abominat ion of Shayt an's
handiwork. So avoid t hat in order t hat you may be successful.) 5:90 , was also in t he Tawrah;
` Allah has sent down t rut h t o eradicat e falsehood, j oyful play, flut e or wind inst rument s, Zafan
(dances) and Kibarat (refering t o cabaret s using t he lut e and bagpipe), t ambourine, guit ar,
harp and lyric and love poet ry. And Khamr is bit t er for t hose who t ast e it . Allah has vowed by
His grace and power, ` Whoever drinks it aft er I prohibit ed it , I will make him t hirst y on t he Day
of Resurrect ion. Whoever abandons it aft er I prohibit ed it , I will let him t ast e it in t he
residence of Grace (Paradise).''' It s chain of narrat ion is Sahih
Another Hadith
Ash-Shafi` i narrat ed t hat Malik narrat ed t hat Nafi` said t hat Ibn ` Umar said t hat t he Messenger
of Allah said,
ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ ｚユを⊥ ゅ∠Β∇ルギぁャやヶ͡プゲ∠ ∇ヨガ

∠ ∇ャやゆ
∠ ゲ͡ セ
∠ ∇リョ∠ »
«り∠ゲカ ͡ Γやヶ͡プゅ∠ヰョ∠ ゲ͡ ェ
⊥
(Whoever drinks Khamr in t he life of t his world and does not repent from it , will be deprived of
it in t he Hereaft er.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded t his Hadit h. Muslim recorded t hat Ibn
` Umar said t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ∩∀ュや∠ゲェ ∠ ゲ∃ ム͡ ∇ジョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩∀ゲ∇ヨカ ∠ ゲ∃ ム͡ ∇ジョ⊥ ぁモミ⊥ »

∩ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ ∇ょわ⊥ Α∠ ∇ユャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰレ⊥ ͡ョ∇ギΑ⊥ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ れ
∠ ゅ∠ヨプ∠ ゲ∠ ∇ヨガ
∠ ∇ャやゆ
∠ ゲ͡ セ ∠
«り∠ゲカ͡ べ∇ャやヶ͡プゅ∠ヰ∇よゲ∠ ∇ゼΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠
(Every int oxicant is Khamr, and every int oxicant is unlawful. Whoever drinks Khamr and dies
while addict ed t o it , wit hout repent ing from drinking it , will not drink it in t he Hereaft er.)
` Abdur-Rahman bin Al-Harit h bin Hisham said t hat he heard ` Ut hman bin ` Affan saying, "Avoid
Khamr, for it is t he mot her of all sins. There was a man before your t ime who used t o worship
Allah secluded from t he people. Lat er, an evil woman loved him and sent her female servant t o
him saying t hat t hey want ed him t o wit ness somet hing. So he went wit h t he servant . Whenever
t hey went t hrough t he door, she locked it behind t hem, unt il he reached a beaut iful woman
wit h a young servant boy and some alcohol. She said t o him, ` By Allah! I did not invit e you t o
be a wit ness for anyt hing, but called you t o have sex wit h me, kill t his boy or drink t his
alcohol.' So she gave him some alcohol, and he kept asking for more unt il he became
int oxicat ed and had sex wit h her and killed t he boy. Therefore, avoid Khamr, because it is
never combined wit h fait h, but one of t hem is bound t o expel t he ot her (from t he heart ).'' This
was recorded by Al-Bayhaqi. This st at ement has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion. Abu Bakr bin
Abi Ad-Dunya recorded t his st at ement in his book on t he prohibit ion of int oxicant s, but he
relat ed it from t he Prophet . Relat ing it from ` Ut hman is more aut hent ic, and Allah knows best .
Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "When Khamr was prohibit ed, some people
said, ` O Allah's Messenger! What about our bret hren who died while st ill drinking Khamr' Allah
sent down t he Ayah
ろ
⊥
(Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e,)
unt il t he end of t he Ayah. When t he Qiblah (direct ion of t he prayer) was changed (from
Jerusalem t o Makkah), some people asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! What about our bret hren who
died while st ill praying t oward Jerusalem' Allah sent down,
び∇ユム⊥ レ∠ ⇒∠ヨΑ͡まノ∠ Β͡ツΒ⊥ ャ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやラ

(And Allah would never make your fait h t o be lost .)'' 2:143 ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he
Prophet said when t he Ayah,
ろ
͡ ⇒∠エヤ͡⇒ｚダャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ハ∠ ヱ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやヴ∠ヤハ∠ ザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ぴ
び∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や￢∠ヱ ∇やヲ∠ボゎｚやゅ∠ョや∠クま͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヨバ͡ デ
⊥
(Those who believe and do right eous good deeds, t here is no sin on t hem for what t hey at e, if
t hey have Taqwa, and believe...) was revealed,
«ユ⊥ヰ∇レョ͡ ろ
∠ ∇ルぺ∠ :ヶ͡ャモ
∠ Β͡ホ»
(I was t old, t hat you are among t hem.) This is t he narrat ion t hat Muslim, At -Tirmidhi and An-
Nasa'i collect ed.
リ
∠ ョあ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ ∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ
ヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ ∇ユム⊥ エ
⊥ ⇒∠ョケ͡ ヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レゎ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βダ
ｚャや
- ∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡クギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハやリ ͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ょ ͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ
∀ュゲ⊥ ェ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βダｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Α
リ∠ ョ͡ モ ∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョモ⊥ ∇んあョ ∀￢へ∠ゴ∠イ∠プや⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁユ⊥ムレ͡ョヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠
∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャやヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあメ ∃ ∇ギハ
∠ や∠ヱク∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ユ͡ バ∠ レｚャや
ベ∠ ヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャあゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βタ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クメ ⊥ ∇ギハ ∠ ヱ∠ぺリ ∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ∀り∠ケゅヘｚミ∠
ユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ブ∠ヤ∠シゅｚヨ∠ハヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ヘハ ∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠
びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ∇ルやヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや
(94. O you who believe! Allah will cert ainly make a t rial for you wit h somet hing in t he game
t hat is well wit hin reach of your hands and your lances, t hat Allah may t est who fears Him in
t he unseen. Then whoever t ransgresses t hereaft er, for him t here is a painful t orment .) (95. O
you who believe! Kill not game while you are in a st at e of Ihram, and whosoever of you kills it
int ent ionally, t he penalt y is an offering, brought t o t he Ka` bah, of livest ock equivalent t o t he
one he killed, as adj udged by t wo j ust men among you; or, for expiat ion, he should feed t he
poor, or it s equivalent in fast ing, t hat he may t ast e t he heaviness (punishment ) of his deed.
Allah has forgiven what is past , but whosoever commit s it again, Allah will t ake ret ribut ion
from him. And Allah is Almight y, All-Able of Ret ribut ion.) v
Prohibiting Hunting Game in the Sacred Area and During the State
of Ihram
` Ali bin Abi Talhah Al-Walibi said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said t hat Allah's st at ement ,
∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レゎ∠ ギ͡ ∇Βダ

ｚャやリ
∠ ョあ￢∃ ∇ヴゼ
∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ｚルヲ∠ ヤ⊥∇らΒ∠ ャ∠ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ エ
⊥ ⇒∠ョケ͡ ヱ∠
(Allah will cert ainly make a t rial for you wit h somet hing in (t he mat t er of) t he game t hat is
well wit hin reach of your hands and your lances,) 5:94 , refers t o, "The weak and young game.
Allah t est s His servant s wit h such game during t heir Ihram, t hat if t hey wish, t hey would be
able t o cat ch it wit h t heir hands. Allah has commanded t hem t o avoid cat ching it .'' Muj ahid said
t hat ,
び∇ユム⊥ Α͡ギ∇Αぺ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ⊥ゅ∠レゎ∠ ぴ
(well wit hin reach of your hands) refers t o t he young game and chicks, while
び∇ユム⊥ エ
⊥ ⇒∠ョケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and your lances,) refers t o mat ure game. Muqat il bin Hayyan said t hat t his Ayah was revealed
during t he ` Umrah of Al-Hudaybiyyah, when wild game and birds were coming t o t he Muslim
camping area, which t hey had never seen t he likes of before. Allah prohibit ed t hem from
hunt ing t he game while in t he st at e of Ihram,
びょ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よヮ⊥ プ⊥ ゅ∠ガΑ∠ リ∠ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ∠ ヤ∠∇バΒ∠ ャ͡ぴ
(t hat Allah may t est who fears Him in t he unseen. ) Therefore, Allah t est s His servant s wit h t he
game t hat comes near t heir camping area, for if t hey wish, t hey can cat ch it wit h t heir hands
and spears in public and secret . This is how t he obedience of t hose who obey Allah in public
and secret becomes apparent and t est ed. In anot her Ayah, Allah said;
り∀ ゲ∠ ヘ͡ ∇ピョｚユ⊥ヰャ∠ ょ
͡ ∇Βピ∠ ∇ャゅ͡よユ⊥ヰよｚケ∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲゼ
∠ ∇ガΑ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやラｚま͡ぴ
び ∀ゲΒ͡らミ∠ ゲ∀ ∇ィぺ∠ヱ∠
(Verily! Those who fear t heir Lord in t he unseen, t heirs will be forgiveness and a great reward
(i.e. Paradise).) Allah said next ,
びマ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ン∠ギわ∠ ∇ハやリ
͡ ヨ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(Then whoever t ransgresses t hereaft er.) aft er t his warning and t hreat , according t o As-Suddi,
t hen,
び∀ユΒ͡ャ∠ぺ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

(for him t here is a painful t orment .) for his defiance of Allah's command and what He has
decreed. Allah said next ,
び∀ュゲ⊥ ェ
⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ヱ∠ ギ∠ ∇Βダ
ｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ヤわ⊥ ∇ボゎ∠ Ι
(O you who believe! Kill not game while you are in a st at e of Ihram,) This Ayah prohibit s killing
t he game in t he st at e of Ihram, except what is exempt from t his as ment ioned in t he Two
Sahihs; ` A'ishah narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
:ュ͡ ゲ∠ エ
∠ ∇ャや∠ヱモあエ ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プリ ∠ ∇ヤわ∠ ∇ボΑ⊥ ペ
⊥シ ͡ や∠ヲプ∠ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ»
ょ
⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥りケ∠ ∇ほヘ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆ∠ゲ∇ボ∠バ∇ャやヱ∠ ∩⊥りぺ∠ギ∠ エ
͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆや∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや
«ケヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ャや
(Five are Fawasiq, t hey may be killed while in Ihram or not ; t he crow, t he kit e, t he scorpion,
t he mouse and t he rabid dog.) Ibn ` Umar narrat ed t hat t he Messenger of Allah said,
リ
ｚヰ͡ ヤ͡∇わホ∠ ヶ͡プュ͡ ゲ͡ ∇エヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゆあや∠ヱギｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ∀ザ∇ヨ∠カ»
∩⊥り∠ケ∇ほ∠ヘ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆゲ∠ ∇ボバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥りぺ∠ギ∠ エ
͡ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆや∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャや :∀ゥゅ∠レィ ⊥
«ケヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ャやょ ⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
(It is not harmful in a st at e of Ihram t o kill five kinds of animals: t he crow, t he kit e, t he
scorpion, t he mouse and t he rabid dog.) This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs. Ayyub
narrat ed t hat Nafi` narrat ed similar wordings for t his Hadit h from Ibn ` Umar. Ayyub said, "So I
said t o Nafi` , ` What about t he snake' He said, ` There is no doubt t hat killing t he snake is
allowed.''' The ruling concerning t he rabid dog also includes t he wolf, lion, leopard, t iger and
t heir like, since t hey are more dangerous t han t he rabid dog, or because t he t erm Kalb (dog)
covers t hem. Allah knows best . Abu Sa` id narrat ed t hat t he Prophet was asked about t he
animals t hat t he Muhrim is allowed t o kill and he said,
ゆ
∠ や∠ゲピ⊥ ∇ャやヶ͡ョ∇ゲ∠Α∠ヱ ∩⊥るボ∠ ジ
͡ Α∠ヲヘ⊥ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ゆゲ∠ ∇ボバ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥るΒｚエ ∠ ャや»
ノ⊥ ら⊥ ｚジャや∠ヱ ∩⊥り∠ぺ∠ギ͡エャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ケヲ⊥ボバ∠ ∇ャやょ ⊥ ∇ヤム∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮヤ⊥わ⊥ ∇ボΑ⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠
«ヵ͡キゅ∠バャや
(The snake, t he scorpion, t he mouse, and t he crow - which is shot at but not killed -- t he rabid
dog, t he kit e and wild beast s of prey.) Abu Dawud recorded t his Hadit h, as did At -Tirmidhi,
who said, "Hasan'', and Ibn Maj ah.
The Penalty of Killing Game in the Sacred Area or in the State of

Ihram
Allah said,
リ
∠ ョ͡ モ
∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョモ
⊥ ∇んあョ ∀￢へ∠ゴ∠イ∠プや⇔ギあヨバ∠ わ∠ ョぁユ⊥ムレ͡ョヮ⊥ ヤ∠わ∠ ホ∠ リ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
びユ͡ バ∠ レｚャや
(And whosoever of you kills it int ent ionally, t he penalt y is an offering of livest ock equivalent
t o t he one he killed.) Muj ahid bin Jabr said, "The meaning of ` int ent ionally' here is t hat one
int ends t o kill t he game while forget t ing t hat he is in t he st at e of Ihram. Whoever int ent ionally
kills t he game while aware t hat he is in t he st at e of Ihram, t hen t his offense is more grave t han
t o make an expiat ion, and he also loses his Ihram.'' This st at ement is odd, and t he view of
maj orit y is t hat t hey have t o pay t he expiat ion for killing t he game whet her t hey forgot t hat
t hey are in Ihram or not . Az-Zuhri said, "The Book (t he Qur'an) assert s t he expiat ion for
int ent ional killing, and t he Sunnah included t hose who forget , as well.'' The meaning of t his
st at ement is t hat t he Qur'an ment ioned t he expiat ion and sin of t hose who int ent ionally kill
game,
キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ブ∠ヤ∠シゅｚヨハ

∠ ロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ベ ∠ ヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャあぴ
びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠
(t hat he may t ast e t he heaviness (punishment ) of his deed. Allah has forgiven what is past , but
whosoever commit s it again, Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him.) t he Sunnah t hat includes t he
rulings issued by t he Prophet and his Companions, indicat ed t he necessit y of expiat ion in cases
of unint ent ional killing of game, j ust as t he Book legislat ed expiat ion for int ent ional killing.
Killing game is a form of wast e, which requires expiat ion in int ent ional and unint ent ional cases,
alt hough t hose who int end it have sinned, rat her t han t hose who made an honest error. Allah's
st at ement ,
びユ͡ バ∠ レｚャやリ
∠ ョ͡ モ
∠ わ∠ ホ∠ ゅ∠ョモ
⊥ ∇んあョ ∀￢へ∠ゴ∠イ∠プぴ
(The penalt y is an offering of livest ock equivalent t o t he one he killed.) indicat es t he
necessit y of offering an equivalent animal t o t he one t he Muhrim killed. The Companions gave
rulings t hat t he camel, for inst ance, is t he equivalent of t he ost rich, t he cow is t he equivalent
of wild cat t le, and t he goat for t he deer. As for t he cases when t here is no equivalent for t he
killed animal, Ibn ` Abbas said t hat one should spend it s amount in Makkah (i.e. charit y), as Al-
Bayhaqi recorded. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあメ
∃ ∇ギハ
∠ や∠ヱク∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ
(As adj udged by t wo j ust men among you;) means, t wo j ust Muslim men should det ermine an
animal equivalent t o t he game killed, or t he amount of it s price. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Abu
Jarir Al-Baj ali said, "I killed a deer when I was in t he st at e of Ihram and ment ioned t his fact t o
` Umar, who said, ` Bring t wo of your bret hren and let t hem j udge you.' So I went t o ` Abdur-
Rahman and Sa` d and t hey said t hat I should offer a male sheep.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Tariq
said, "Arbad killed a deer while in t he st at e of Ihram and he went t o ` Umar t o j udge him.
` Umar said t o him, ` Let us bot h j udge,' and t hey j udged t hat Arbad should offer a goat t hat
was fed on abundant wat er and grass. ` Umar comment ed,
び∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあメ
∃ ∇ギハ
∠ や∠ヱク∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇エΑ∠ ぴ
(As adj udged by t wo j ust men among you;).'' Allah's st at ement ,
びる͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャやヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ぴ

(...an offering brought t o t he Ka` bah.) indicat es t hat t his equivalent animal should be brought
t o t he Ka` bah, meaning, t he Sacred Area, where it should be slaught ered and it s meat divided
bet ween t he poor of t he Sacred Area. There is a consensus on t his ruling. Allah said,
びゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βタ
͡ マ
∠ ャ͡クメ
⊥ ∇ギハ
∠ ヱ∠ぺリ
∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ
∠ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or, for expiat ion, he should feed t he poor, or it s equivalent in fast ing,) t hat is, if t he Muhrim
does not find an equivalent t o what he killed, or t he animal hunt ed is not comparable t o
anyt hing else. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,
ヱ∠ぺリ
∠ Β͡ム⇒∠ジョ∠ ュ⊥ ゅ∠バデ
∠ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∇ヱぺ∠ る͡ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャやヒ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠よゅ⇔Α∇ギワ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βタ ͡ マ ∠ ャ͡クメ ⊥ ∇ギハ∠
(...an offering brought t o t he Ka` bah, or, for expiat ion, he should feed t he poor, or it s
equivalent in fast ing.) "If t he Muhrim killed game, t hen his j udgement is it s equivalent . If he
kills an ant elope, he offers a sheep slaught ered in Makkah. If he cannot , t hen he feeds six poor
people, ot herwise he should fast for t hree days. If he kills a deer, he offers a cow. If unable,
he feeds t went y poor people, or ot herwise if unable, he fast s for t went y days. If he kills an
ost rich or zebra, he offers a camel, or he feeds t hirt y poor people, or fast s t hirt y days.'' Ibn Abi
Hat im and Ibn Jarir recorded t his st at ement , and in Ibn Jarir's narrat ion, t he food measurement
is a Mudd (4 handfuls of food) each t hat suffices for t he poor. Allah's st at ement ,
びロ͡ ゲ͡ ∇ョぺ∠ メ
∠ ゅ∠よヱ∠ ベ
∠ ヱ⊥グΒ∠ ャあぴ
(t hat he may t ast e t he heaviness (punishment ) of his deed.) means, We have required him t o
pay t his expiat ion so t hat he t ast es t he punishment of his error,
びブ∠ヤ∠シゅｚヨ∠ハヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ヘハ

∠ぴ
(Allah has forgiven what is past .) during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah, provided t hat one becomes
good in Islam and follows Allah's Law, all t he while avoiding t he sin. Allah t hen said,
びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(but whosoever commit s it again, Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him.) meaning, whoever does
t his aft er it has been prohibit ed in Islam and having knowledge t hat it is prohibit ed,
びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ∇ルやヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ ぴ

(Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him. And Allah is Almight y, All-Able of ret ribut ion.) Ibn Jurayj
said, "I said t o ` At a', ` What is t he meaning of,
びブ∠ヤ∠シゅｚヨ∠ハヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ヘハ

∠ぴ
(Allah has forgiven what is past .)' He said, ` Meaning, during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah.' I asked
about ,
びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ボ͡ わ∠ ∇レΒ∠ プ∠ キ∠ ゅ∠ハ ∇リョ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

(but whosoever commit s it again, Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him.) He said, ` Whoever
commit s t his offense again in Islam, t hen Allah will t ake ret ribut ion from him and he also has t o
pay t he expiat ion.' I asked, ` Is t here any punishment for repeat ing t his offense t hat you know
of' He said, ` No.' I said, ` Do you t hink t hat t he aut horit ies should punish him' He said, ` No, for
it is a sin t hat he commit t ed bet ween him and Allah. He should pay t he expiat ion.''' Ibn Jarir
recorded t his st at ement . It was said t hat t he ` Allah will t ake ret ribut ion' refers t o t he
expiat ion, according t o Sa` id bin Jubayr, ` At a', and t he maj orit y among t he earlier and lat er
generat ions. They st at ed t hat when t he Muhrim kills game, t he expiat ion becomes necessary,
regardless of whet her it was t he first , second or t hird offense, and whet her int ent ional or by
error. Ibn Jarir comment ed on Allah's st at ement ;
びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルやヱ⊥ク ∀ゴΑ͡ゴ∠ハヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(And Allah is Almight y, All-Able of ret ribut ion.) "Allah says t hat He is invincible in His cont rol,
none can resist Him, prevent Him from exact ing ret ribut ion from anyone, or st op Him from
punishing anyone. This is because all creat ion is His creat ion and t he decision is His, His is t he
might , and His is t he cont rol. His st at ement ,
びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルやヱ⊥クぴ

(All-Able of ret ribut ion.) meaning, He punishes t hose who disobey Him for t heir disobedience of
Him.''
∇ユム⊥ ャｚゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ ∠ ヱ∠ ゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャやギ⊥ ∇Βタ ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ ͡ ぺ⊥ぴ

ゅ⇔ョ⊥ゲェ ⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョゲあら∠ ∇ャやギ⊥ ∇Βタ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ュ∠ ゲあェ ⊥ ヱ∠ り͡ ケ∠ ゅｚΒジｚヤ͡ャヱ∠
ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ∠ - ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡グャｚやヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ
ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇ヰゼｚャや∠ヱサ ͡ ゅｚレヤあャゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βホ͡ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ ∠ ∇ャやろ ∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやる∠ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャや
ヴ͡プゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バわ∠ ャ͡ マ∠ ャ͡クギ∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤボ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱン∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ
￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャや
ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ͡ ゅ∠ボバ͡ ∇ャやギ⊥ Α͡ギセ ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハや - ∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ
ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや Ιｚま͡ メ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚョ - ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠
(96. Lawful t o you is wat er game and it s use for food -- for t he benefit of yourselves and t hose
who t ravel, but forbidden is (t he pursuit of) land game as long as you are in a st at e of Ihram.
And have Taqwa of Allah t o Whom you shall be gat hered back.) (97. Allah has made t he
Ka` bah, t he Sacred House, an asylum of securit y and benefit s for mankind, and also t he Sacred
Mont h and t he animals of offerings and t he garlanded, t hat you may know t hat Allah has
knowledge of all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he eart h, and t hat Allah is t he All-
Knower of each and everyt hing.) (98. Know t hat Allah is severe in punishment and t hat Allah is
Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) (99. The Messenger's dut y is but t o convey. And Allah knows all
t hat you reveal and all t hat you conceal.)
Water Game is Allowed for the Muhrim

Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib, Sa` id bin Jubayr and ot hers comment ed on Allah's st at ement ;
びゲ͡ ∇エら∠ ∇ャやギ⊥ ∇Βタ

∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ｚモェ
͡ ぺ⊥ぴ
(Lawful t o you is (t he pursuit of) wat er game...) t hat it means, what one eat s fresh from it ,
while,
びヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(And it s use for food) what is eat en dry and salt ed. Ibn ` Abbas said t hat ` wat er game' refers t o
what is t aken from wat er while st ill alive, while,
びヮ⊥ ョ⊥ ゅ∠バデ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and it s use for food) refers t o what t he wat er t hrows ashore dead. Similar st at ement s were
report ed from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, Zayd bin Thabit , ` Abdullah bin ` Amr, Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari,
` Ikrimah, Abu Salamah bin ` Abdur-Rahman, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i and Al-Hasan Al-Basri. Allah's
st at ement ,
びり͡ ケ∠ ゅｚΒジ
ｚヤ͡ャヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャｚゅ⇔バ⇒∠わョ∠ ぴ
(for t he benefit of yourselves and t hose who t ravel,) as food and provision for you,
びり͡ ケ∠ ゅｚΒジ
ｚヤ͡ャヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hose who t ravel, ) t hose who are in t he sea and t raveling along t he sea, according t o
` Ikrimah. Ot her scholars said t hat wat er game is allowed for t hose who fish it from t he sea, as
well as, when it is salt ed and used as food for t ravelers inland. A similar st at ement was
report ed from Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid and As-Suddi and ot hers. Imam Malik bin Anas recorded t hat
Jabir bin ` Abdullah said, "Allah's Messenger sent an army t owards t he east coast and appoint ed
Abu ` Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah as t heir commander, and t he army consist ed of t hree hundred
men, including myself. We marched on unt il we reached a place where our food was about t o
finish. Abu ` Ubaydah ordered us t o collect all t he food for our j ourney, and it was collect ed in
t wo bags of dat es. Abu ` Ubaydah kept on giving us our daily rat ion in small amount s from it ,
unt il it was exhaust ed. The share of each of us used t o be one dat e only.'' I (one of t he
narrat ors from Jabir) said, "How could one dat e suffice for you'' Jabir replied, "We came t o
know it s value when even t hat finished.'' Jabir added, "When we reached t he seashore, we saw
a huge fish which was like a small mount ain. The army at e from it for eight een days. Then Abu
` Ubaydah ordered t hat t wo of it s ribs be affixed in t he ground. Then he ordered t hat a she-
camel be ridden, and it passed under t he t wo ribs (forming an arch) wit hout t ouching t hem.''
This Hadit h was also collect ed in t he Two Sahihs. eMalik recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said, "A
man asked Allah's Messenger, ` O Allah's Messenger! We go t o sea and carry lit t le wat er wit h us.
If we use it for Wudu', we get t hirst y, so should we use seawat er for Wudu'' The Messenger of
Allah said,
«ヮ⊥わ∠わ∇Β∠ョモ
ぁエ
͡ ∇ャやロ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠ョケ⊥ ヲ⊥ヰト
ｚャやヲ∠ ワ⊥ »
(It s wat er is pure and it s dead are lawful).'' The t wo Imams, Ash-Shafi` i and Ahmad bin Hanbal,
recorded t his Hadit h, along wit h t he Four Sunan compilers. Al-Bukhari, At -Tirmidhi and Ibn
Hibban graded it Sahih. This Hadit h was also recorded from t he Prophet by several ot her
Companions.
Hunting Land Game is Prohibited During Ihram
Allah said,
びゅ⇔ョ⊥ゲェ
⊥ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅ∠ョゲあら∠ ∇ャやギ⊥ ∇Βタ
⊥ ヱ∠ ぴ
(but forbidden is land game as long as you are in a st at e of Ihram.) Therefore, hunt ing land
game during Ihram is not allowed, and if someone who is in t he st at e of Ihram hunt s, he will
have t o pay expiat ion, along wit h t he sin he earns if he does it int ent ionally. If he hunt s by
mist ake, he will have t o pay t he expiat ion and is not allowed t o eat from it , because t his t ype
of game is j ust like dead animals, be he a Muhrim or a non-Muhrim. If someone who is not in
t he st at e of Ihram hunt s and gives t he food t o a Muhrim, t he Muhrim is not allowed t o eat from
it s meat if it was killed for him in part icular. As-Sa` b bin Jat ht hamah said t hat he gave a zebra
as a gift t o t he Prophet in t he area of Waddan or Abwa', t he Prophet gave it back. When t he
Prophet saw t he effect of his ret urning t he gift on As-Sa` b's face, he said,
«ュ⊥ゲェ
⊥ ゅｚル∠ぺゅｚャま͡ マ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ロ⊥ ｚキゲ⊥ ル∠ ∇ユャ∠ ゅｚル͡ま»
(We only gave it back t o you because we are in a st at e of Ihram.) This Hadit h was collect ed in
t he Two Sahihs. The Prophet t hought t hat As-Sa` b hunt ed t he zebra for him, and t his is why he
refused t o t ake it . Ot herwise, t he Muhrim is allowed t o eat from t he game if one who is not in
Ihram hunt s it . For when Abu Qat adah hunt ed a zebra when he was not a Muhrim and offered it
t o t hose who were in t he st at e of Ihram, t hey hesit at ed t o eat from it . They asked t he
Messenger of Allah and he said,
ヶ͡プラ
∠ ゅ∠ハぺ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ケ∠ ゅ∠セぺ∠ ギ∀ ェ
∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇レョ͡ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇モワ∠ »
«∨ゅ∠ヰヤ͡∇わホ∠
(Did any of you point at it or help kill it ) They said, "No.'' He said,
«やヲ⊥ヤム⊥ プ∠ »
(Then eat ,) and he also at e from it . This Hadit h is also in t he Two Sahihs wit h various wordings.
Ibn Kat hir only ment ioned Ayat 96 t o 99 here and explained t he bet t er part of Ayah number
96, but he did not ment ion t he explanat ion of t he rest of t hat Ayah or t he ot her Ayat (97 t o
99). This is t he case in all of t he copies of his Tafsir in exist ence, and he might have forgot t en
t o do t hat , for it is less likely t hat all who copied t his book forgot t o copy only t his part . So we
used a summary of t he Tafsir of t hese Ayat from t he Imam of Tafsir, Ibn Jarir At -Tabari. We
t ried t o summarize At -Tabari's eloquent words t o t he best of our abilit y, by Allah's help and
leave.
Vラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ
∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ン͡グャｚやヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱぴ
(And have Taqwa of Allah t o Whom you shall be gat hered back. ) Allah says, fear Allah, O
people, and beware of His might , by obeying what He commands you and avoiding what He
prohibit s for you in t hese Ayat revealed t o your Prophet . These Ayat forbid Khamr, gambling,
Al-Ansab and Al-Azlam, along wit h hunt ing land game and killing it while in t he st at e of Ihram.
To Allah will be your ret urn and dest inat ion, and He will punish you for disobeying Him and will
reward you for obeying Him.
びサ
͡ ゅｚレヤ∂ャゅ⇔ョゅ∠Βホ͡ ュ∠ や∠ゲエ
∠ ∇ャやろ
∠ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやる∠ ら∠ ∇バム∠ ∇ャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ぴ
(Allah has made t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred House, an asylum of securit y and benefit s for
mankind,) Allah says, Allah made t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred House, an asylum of safet y for t he
people who have no chief t o prevent t he st rong from t ransgressing against t he weak, t he evil
from t he good-doers, and t he oppressors from t he oppressed.
び∠ギ͡ゃ⇒∠ヤ∠ボ∇ャや∠ヱン
∠ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱュ∠ や∠ゲエ
∠ ∇ャやゲ∠ ∇ヰゼ
ｚャや∠ヱぴ
(And also t he Sacred Mont h and t he animals of offerings and t he garlanded.) Allah says t hat He
made t hese symbols an asylum of safet y for t he people, j ust as He made t he Ka` bah an asylum
of safet y for t hem, so t hat He dist inguishes t hem from each ot her, for t his is t heir asylum and
symbol for t heir livelihood and religion. Allah made t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred Mont h, t he Hady,
t he garlanded animals and people an asylum of safet y for t he Arabs who used t o consider t hese
symbols sacred. Thus, t hese symbols were j ust like t he chief who is obeyed by his followers,
and who upholds harmony and public safet y. As for t he Ka` bah, it includes t he ent ire sacred
boundary. Allah t ermed it "Haram'' because He prohibit ed hunt ing it s game and cut t ing it s t rees
or grass. Similarly, t he Ka` bah, t he Sacred Mont h, t he animals of offerings and t he garlands
were t he landmarks of exist ing Arabs. These symbols were sacred during t he t ime of Jahiliyyah
and t he people's affairs were guided and prot ect ed by t hem. Wit h Islam t hey became t he
symbols of t heir Haj j , t heir rit uals, and t he direct ion of t he prayer. i.e., t he Ka` bah in
Makkah.
ゅ∠ョヱ∠ れ
͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやヴ͡プゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠わ͡ャマ∠ ャ͡クぴ
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ハ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ あモム⊥ よ͡ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ヱ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヴ͡プ
(t hat you may know t hat Allah has knowledge of all t hat is in t he heavens and all t hat is in t he
eart h, and t hat Allah is t he All-Knower of each and everyt hing.) Allah says; O people, I made
t hese symbols an asylum for you, so t hat you know t hat He Who made t hese symbols t hat
benefit your life and provide you wit h securit y, also knows everyt hing in t he heavens and eart h
t hat brings about your immediat e or event ual benefit . Know t hat He has perfect knowledge of
everyt hing and t hat none of your deeds or affairs ever escapes His observat ion; and He will
count t hem for you so t hat He rewards t hose who do good wit h t he same and t hose who do evil
in kind.
∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ
ｚぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ
ｚぺ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇ハやぴ
び ∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ
(Know t hat Allah is severe in punishment and t hat Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Merciful.) Allah
says, know t hat your Lord, Who has perfect knowledge of what ever is in t he heavens and eart h,
and Who is never unaware of your deeds - public or secret - is severe in punishment for t hose
who disobey and defy Him. He also pardons t he sins of t hose who obey and repent t o Him,
more Merciful t han t o punish t hem for t he sins t hat t hey repent ed from.
ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ギ∇らゎ⊥ ゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱヒ⊥ ⇒∠ヤ∠ら∇ャや Ι
ｚま͡ メ
͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゅｚョぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨわ⊥ ∇ムゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヱ∠
(The Messenger's dut y is but t o convey. And Allah knows all t hat you reveal and all t hat you
conceal.) This is a warning from Allah for His servant s in which He says: Our Messenger, whom
We sent t o you, has only t o convey Our Message and t hen t he reward for t he obedience, and
punishment for t he disobedience is on Us. The obedience of t hose who accept Our Message
never escapes Our knowledge, j ust as in t he case of t hose who disobey and defy Our Message.
We know what one of you does, demonst rat es physically, announces, and ut t ers wit h his
t ongue, and what you hide in your heart s, be it of fait h, disbelief, cert aint y, doubt or
hypocrisy. He Who is so capable, t hen not hing t hat t he heart s conceal, nor any of t he apparent
act s of t he souls in t he heavens and eart h could escape His knowledge. In His Hand, alone, is
t he reward and punishment , and He is wort hy t o be feared, obeyed and never disobeyed.
マ∠ ら∠ イ ∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ょ ⊥ Βあト
ｚャや∠ヱゑ ⊥ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャやン͡ヲわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ Ι ｚモ⊥ホぴ
∇ユム⊥ ヤｚバ∠ ャ∠ ょ͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΙ
ｘやヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚゅ∠プゑ ͡ Β͡らガ ∠ ∇ャやり⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠
￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑ - ラ∠ ヲ⊥エヤ͡∇ヘゎ⊥
メ⊥ ｚゴレ∠ Α⊥ リ ∠ Β͡ェゅ∠ヰ∇レハ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ∇ユミ⊥ ∇ぽジ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま
∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱゅ∠ヰ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやゅ∠ヘハ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ
⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャや
リ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホゅ∠ヰャ∠ほ∠シ ∠ ∇ギホ∠ -
び
(100. Say: "Not equal are t he bad t hings and t he good t hings, even t hough t he abundance of t he
bad may please you. '' So have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding in order t hat you may
be successful.) (101. O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may
cause you t rouble. But if you ask about t hem while t he Qur'an is being revealed, t hey will be
made plain t o you. Allah has forgiven t hat , and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) (102.
Before you, a communit y asked such quest ions, t hen on t hat account t hey became
disbelievers.) Allah says t o His Messenger ,
び∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say,) O Muhammad ,
びマ
∠ ら∠ イ
∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ょ
⊥ Βあト
ｚャや∠ヱゑ
⊥ Β͡らガ
∠ ∇ャやン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι
ｚぴ
(Not equal are t he bad t hings and t he good t hings, even t hough t hey may please you) O human,
びゑ
͡ Β͡らガ
∠ ∇ャやり⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ぴ
(t he abundance of bad.) This Ayah means, t he lit t le permissible is bet t er t han t he abundant
evil.
びょ
͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ
∠ やヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚゅ∠プぴ
(have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding...) who have sound minds, avoid and abandon
t he impermissible, and let t he permissible be sufficient for you,
びラ
(in order t hat you may be successful.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er. '' So have Taqwa of Allah,
O men of underst anding in order t hat you may be successful.) (101. O you who believe! Ask not
about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble. But if you ask about t hem
while t he Qur'an is being revealed, t hey will be made plain t o you. Allah has forgiven t hat , and
Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) (102. Before you, a communit y asked such quest ions,
t hen on t hat account t hey became disbelievers.) Allah says t o His Messenger ,
び∇モホ⊥ ぴ
(Say,) O Muhammad ,
びマ
∠ ら∠ イ
∠ ∇ハぺ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ょ
⊥ Βあト
ｚャや∠ヱゑ
⊥ Β͡らガ
∠ ∇ャやン͡ヲ∠わ∇ジ∠Α Ι
ｚぴ
(Not equal are t he bad t hings and t he good t hings, even t hough t hey may please you) O human,
びゑ
͡ Β͡らガ
∠ ∇ャやり⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠ ぴ
(t he abundance of bad.) This Ayah means, t he lit t le permissible is bet t er t han t he abundant
evil.
びょ
͡ ⇒∠ら∇ャΕ
∠ やヴ͡ャ∇ヱほ⊥Α ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚゅ∠プぴ
(have Taqwa of Allah, O men of underst anding...) who have sound minds, avoid and abandon
t he impermissible, and let t he permissible be sufficient for you,
びラ
(in order t hat you may be successful.) in t his life and t he Hereaft er.
Unnecessary Questioning is Disapproved of

Allah said next ,
ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ͡ま￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ

∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ Ι
び∇ユミ⊥ ∇ぽジ
⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠
(O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble.)
This Ayah refers t o good conduct t hat Allah is t eaching His believing servant s, by forbidding
t hem from asking about useless t hings. Since if t hey get t he answers t hey sought , t hey might be
t roublesome for t hem and difficult on t heir ears. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Anas bin Malik said,
"The Messenger of Allah gave a speech unlike anyt hing I heard before. In t his speech, he said,
∇ユわ⊥ ∇Βム∠ ら∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ⇔ヤΒ͡ヤホ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇ムエ

͡ツ∠ ャ∠ ∩⊥ユヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎヲ∠ャ»
«や⇔ゲΒ͡んミ∠
(If you but know what I know, you will laugh lit t le and cry a lot .) The companions of Allah's
Messenger covered t heir faces and t he sound of crying was coming out of t heir chest s. A man
asked, ` Who is my fat her' The Prophet said, ` So-and-so'. This Ayah was lat er revealed,
び￢∠ べ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ

∠ぴ
(Ask not about t hings...).'' Muslim, Ahmad, At -Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i recorded t his Hadit h. Ibn
Jarir recorded t hat Qat adah said about Allah's st at ement ,

⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠
(O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you t rouble.)
Anas bin Malik narrat ed t hat once, t he people were quest ioning t he Messenger of Allah unt il
t hey made him angry. So he ascended t he Minbar and said,
«ユ⊥ムャ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇レｚΒよ∠ ゅｚャま͡ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ

∠ ∇リハ
∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΒ∠ ∇ャやヶ͡ルヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ャ»
(You will not ask me about anyt hing t oday but I will explain it t o you.) So t he Companions of
t he Messenger of Allah feared t hat it was t he commencement of a moment ous event , and I
looked t o my right and left and found only people who covered t heir faces, crying. An
argument at ive man who was said t o be t he son of someone ot her t han his t rue fat her asked, "O
Allah's Messenger! Who is my fat her The Prophet said, ` Your fat her is Hudhafah.'' ` Umar st ood
up (when he saw anger on t he Prophet 's face) and said, "We accept Allah as our Lord, Islam as
our religion and Muhammad as our Messenger, I seek refuge wit h Allah from t he evil of t he
Fit an (t rials in life and religion).'' The Messenger of Allah said,
∇れケ∠ ヲあタ
⊥ ∩ぁテホ∠ ͡ュヲ∠Β∇ャゅ∠ミゲあゼｚャや∠ヱゲ͡ ∇Βガ
∠ ∇ャやヶ͡プケ∠ ぺ∠ ∇ユャ∠»
«テ͡もゅ∠エ∇ャやラ
∠ ヱ⊥キゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Α∠ぺ∠ケヴｚわェ
∠ ケ⊥ ゅｚレャや∠ヱる⊥ ｚレイ
∠ ャやヶ͡ャ
(I have never wit nessed bot h goodness and evil like I have t oday. Paradise and t he Fire were
shown t o me and I saw t hem before t hat wall.) This Hadit h was recorded in t he Two Sahihs
from Sa` id. Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "Some people used t o quest ion t he
Messenger of Allah t o mock him. One of t hem would ask, ` Who is my fat her,' while anot her
would ask, ` Where is my camel,' when he lost his camel. Allah sent down t his Ayah about
t hem,

⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠
(O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you
t rouble...).'' Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ali said, "When t his Ayah was revealed,
ヮ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ ノ∠ ⇒∠トわ∠ ∇シやリ
͡ ョ∠ ろ
͡ ∇Βら∠ ∇ャやア
ぁェ
͡ サ
͡ ゅｚレャやヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ∠ヱぴ
びΚ
⇔ Β͡らシ ∠
(And Haj j t o t he House is a dut y t hat mankind owes t o Allah, t hose who can bear t he
j ourney.) 3:97 , t hey asked, ` O Allah's Messenger! Is it required every year' He did not answer
t hem, and t hey asked again, ` Is it every year' He st ill did not answer t hem, so t hey asked, ` Is it
every year' He said,
ゅ∠ヨ∠ャ ∇ろら∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ろら∠ ィ
∠ ヲ∠ ャ∠ ∇ユバ∠ ル∠ :ろ
⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ャ»
«ユ⊥わ∇バト∠ わ∠ ∇シや
(No, and had I said ` yes', it would have become obligat ed, and had it become obligat ed, you
would not be able t o bear it .) Allah sent down,

⊥ ゎ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠
(O you who believe! Ask not about t hings which, if made plain t o you, may cause you
t rouble.).'' At -Tirmidhi and Ibn Maj ah also recorded t his Hadit h. The apparent wording of t his
Ayah indicat es t hat we are forbidden t o ask about t hings t hat if one has knowledge of, he
would be sorry he had asked. Consequent ly, it is bet t er t o avoid such quest ions. rAllah's
st at ement ,
び∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ギ∠ ∇らゎ⊥ ラ
⊥ や∠￢∇ゲボ⊥ ∇ャやメ
⊥ ｚゴレ∠ Α⊥ リ
∠ Β͡ェゅ∠ヰ∇レハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ぴ
(But if you ask about t hem while t he Qur'an is being revealed, t hey will be made plain t o you.)
means, if you ask about t hings t hat you are prohibit ed from asking about , t hen when t he
revelat ion about t hem comes t o t he Messenger , t hey will be made plain for you,
び∀ゲΒ͡ジ∠Α ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ

∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Verily! That is easy for Allah.) Allah said next ,
びゅ∠ヰ∇レハ
∠ぴ
(Allah has forgiven t hat ,) what you did before t his,
び∀ユΒ͡ヤ∠ェ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

(and Allah is Oft -Forgiving, Most Forbearing.) Do not ask about t hings t hat do not have a ruling
yet , for because of your quest ions, a difficult ruling may be ordained. A Hadit h st at es,
∇ユャ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヶセ
∠ ∇リハ
∠ メ
∠ ほ∠シ
∠ ∇リョ∠ ゅ⇔ョ∇ゲィ ⊥ ∠リΒ͡ヨ͡ヤ∇ジヨ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヌ∠ ∇ハぺ∠»
«ヮ͡わャ∠ほ∠∇ジョ∠ モ
͡ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ ュ∠ ゲあエ
⊥ プ∠ ∩∇ュゲｚ ∠エΑ⊥
(The worst criminal among t he Muslims is he who asks if a mat t er is unlawful (or not ), and it
becomes unlawful because of his asking about it .) It is recorded in t he Sahih t hat t he Messenger
of Allah said,
∇ユム⊥ ヤ∠∇らホ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇リョ∠ マ∠ ヤ∠∇ワぺ∠ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ͡み∠プ ∩∇ユム⊥ わ⊥ ∇ミゲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅ∠ョヶ͡ルヱ⊥ケク∠ »
«ユ͡ヰも͡ ゅ∠Βら͡ ∇ルぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ プ⊥ ゅ∠ヤわ͡ ∇カや∠ヱ ∇ユヰ͡ ャ͡や∠ぽシ
⊥ り⊥ ゲ∠ ∇んミ∠
(Leave me as I have left you, t hose before you were dest royed because of many quest ions and
disput ing wit h t heir Prophet s.) An aut hent ic Hadit h also st at es,
∩ゅ∠ワヲ⊥バΒあツ∠ ゎ⊥ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ヂ ∠ も͡ や∠ゲプ∠ チ ∠ ゲ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠ャゅ∠バゎ∠ ぶ ∠ やラｚぺ∠»

ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ュ∠ ゲｚェ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇バゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ や⇔キヱ⊥ギェ ⊥ ギｚェ ∠ ヱ∠
ゲ∠ ∇Βビ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よ͡ る⇔ ヨ∠ ∇ェケ∠ ￢∠ ゅ∠Β∇セぺ∠ ∇リハ
∠ ろ ∠ ム∠ シ
∠ ヱ∠ ∩ゅ∠ワヲ⊥ムヰ͡ わ∠ ∇レゎ∠
«ゅ∠ヰ∇レハ
∠ やヲ⊥ャほ∠∇ジゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ ラ
∃ ゅ∠Β∇ジル͡
(Allah, t he Most Honored, has ordained some obligat ions, so do not ignore t hem; has set some
limit s, so do not t respass t hem; has prohibit ed some t hings, so do not commit t hem; and has
left some t hings wit hout rulings, out of mercy for you, not t hat He forgot t hem, so do not ask
about t hem.) Allah said next ,
リ
∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ミゅ∠ヰよ͡ ∇やヲ⊥エら∠ ∇タぺ∠ ｚユを⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ヤ͡∇らホ∠ リあョ ∀ュ∇ヲ∠ホゅ∠ヰャ∠ほ∠シ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ぴ
び
(Before you, a communit y asked such quest ions, t hen on t hat account t hey became
disbelievers.) meaning, some people before your t ime asked such quest ions and t hey were
given answers. They did not believe t he answers, so t hey became disbelievers because of t hat .
This occurred because t hese rulings were made plain t o t hem, yet t hey did not benefit at all
from t hat , for t hey asked about t hese t hings not t o gain guidance, but only t o mock and defy.
る∃ ヤ∠Β͡タヱ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ら∠ も͡ べ∠シ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡エよ∠ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ ∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ゅ∠ョぴ
ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやリｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ュ∃ ゅ∠ェ Ι ∠ ヱ∠
∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ
∠ Β͡ホや∠クま͡ヱ∠ - ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠ ゆ ∠ グ͡ ム∠ ∇ャや
ゅ∠ョゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホメ ͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヴ∠ャま͡
ラ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ∠∇バΑ∠ Ι ∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ∠ ヱ∠
びラ ∠ ヱ⊥ギわ∠ ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Βセ∠
(103. Allah has not inst it ut ed t hings like Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Ham. But t hose
who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of t hem have no underst anding.) (104. And
when it is said t o t hem: "Come t o what Allah has revealed and unt o t he Messenger.'' They say:
"Enough for us is t hat which we found our fat hers following,'' even t hough t heir fat hers had no
knowledge what soever and no guidance.)
The Meaning of Bahirah, Sa'ibah, Wasilah and Ham

Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said, "The Bahirah is a female camel whose milk
was spared for t he idols and no one was allowed t o milk it . The Sa'ibah is a female camel let
loose for free past ure for t he idols, and not hing was allowed t o be carried on it . Abu Hurayrah
ヮ⊥ ら∠ ∇ダホ⊥ ぁゲイ
⊥ Α∠ ヶ
ｚハ
͡ や∠ゴガ
⊥ ∇ャやゲ∃ ョ͡ ゅ∠ハリ ∠ ∇よヱ∠ゲ∇ヨハ ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ »
«ょ͡もや∠ヲジ
ｚャやょ
∠ Βｚシ
∠ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ヱｚぺ∠ ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミヱ∠ ∩͡ケゅｚレャやヶ͡プ
(I saw ` Amr bin ` Amir Al-Khuza` i pulling his int est ines behind him in t he Fire, and he was t he
first t o st art t he pract ice of Sa'ibah.) As for t he Wasilah, it is a female camel set free for t he
idols, because it had given birt h t o a she-camel in it s first delivery and t hen anot her she-camel
at it s second delivery. They used t o set such camel free if she gave birt h t o t wo females
wit hout a male bet ween t hem. As for t he Ham, it is a male camel which would be freed from
work for t he idols, aft er it had finished a number of copulat ions assigned for it . The male
camel freed from work in t his case is called a Hami.'' Muslim and An-Nasa'i recorded t his
Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Abdullah bin Mas` ud said t hat t he Prophet said,
ヲ⊥よぺ∠ ュ∠ ゅ∠レ∇タほ∠∇ャやギ∠ ら∠ ハ
∠ ヱ∠ ょ
∠ も͡ や∠ヲジ
ｚャやょ
∠ Βｚシ
∠ ∇リョ∠ メ∠ ヱｚぺ∠ ラ
ｚま͡»
ぁゲイ
⊥ Α∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Αぺ∠ケ∠ ヶあル͡ま∠ヱ ∩∃ゲョ͡ ゅ∠ハリ ⊥ ∇よヱ⊥ゲ∇ヨハ∠ る∠ ハ ∠ や∠ゴカ⊥
«ケゅｚレャやヶ͡プロ⊥ ∠￢ゅ∠バ∇ョ∠ぺ
(The first t o st art t he pract ice of Sa'ibah and worshipping idols was Abu Khuza` ah, ` Amr bin
` Amir. I saw him pulling his int est ines behind him in t he Fire.) The ` Amr ment ioned in t he
above Hadit h is t he son of Luhay bin Qam` ah, one of t he chiefs of t he t ribe of Khuza` ah who
were t he caret akers of t he House of Allah aft er t he t ribe of Jurhum, (and before t he Prophet 's
t ribe, Quraysh). He was t he first t o change t he religion of Ibrahim (Al-Khalil in Makkah) bringing
idol worshipping t o t he area of Hij az (West ern Arabia). He also called t he foolish people t o
worship idols and offer sacrifices t o t hem and st art ed t hese ignorant rit uals concerning t he
animals as well as ot her rit uals of Jahiliyyah. Allah said in Surat Al-An` am,
ュ͡ ゅ∠バ∇ルΙ
ｘや∠ヱゐ
͡ ∇ゲエ
∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ぺ∠ケ∠ ク∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョヮ͡ ヤｚャ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ヤバ∠ ィ
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゅ⇔らΒ͡ダル∠
(And t hey assign t o Allah a share of t he t ilt h and cat t le which He has creat ed...) 3:136 . As for
t he Bahirah, ` Ali bin Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is t he female camel t hat has
given delivery five t imes. Aft er t hat , t hey looked at t he fift h delivery, if it were a male, t hey
would slaught er it and give it t o t he men only and not t he women. If it were a female, t hey
would cut off it s ears and proclaim, ` This is a Bahirah (no one is allowed t o milk it ).''' As-Suddi
and ot hers ment ioned a similar st at ement . As for t he Sa'ibah, Muj ahid said t hat it is for sheep,
and ment ioned a similar meaning as for Bahirah. He said t hat it delivers six females and t hen a
male, female or t wo males, and t hat t hey t hen would slaught er it (t he newly born sheep) and
feed it s meat t o t he men, but not t o t he woman. Muhammad bin Ishaq said t hat t he Sa'ibah is
t he female camel t hat delivers t en females, wit hout giving birt h t o a single male bet ween
t hem. They would t hen set it free and no one was allowed t o ride it , cut it s wool or milk it ,
except for a guest . Abu Rawq said, "The Sa'ibah was made as such when one goes out for some
of his affairs and succeeds in what ever he int ended t o do. So he would designat e a Sa'ibah from
his propert y, a female camel or anot her t ype, and would set it free for t he idols (in
appreciat ion for his success). Then, what ever t his camel gave birt h t o was set free for t he idols
t oo.'' As-Suddi said, "When one's affair was successful, or if he was cured from an illness, or if
his wealt h increased, he would set some of his wealt h free for t he idols. Those who would t ry
t o acquire any of t he Sa'ibah propert y were punished in t his world.'' As for t he Wasilah, ` Ali bin
Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "It is t he sheep t hat gives birt h seven t imes, if she gives
birt h t o a male or a female st illborn at it s sevent h delivery, t he men, but not t he women,
would eat from it . If she gave birt h t o a female, or a female and a male, t hey would set t hem
free, proclaiming (about t he male in t his case), His sist er Wasalat (lit erally, ` connect ed him t o
being forbidden on us').'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t his st at ement . ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat
Ma` mar said t hat Az-Zuhri said t hat Sa` id bin Al-Musayyib said t hat ,
びる∃ ヤ∠Β͡タヱ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(Or a Wasilah) "It is t he female camel t hat gives delivery t o a female and t hen anot her female
at it s second delivery. They would call such a camel a Wasilah, proclaiming t hat she has
Wasalat (connect ed) bet ween t wo females wit hout giving birt h t o a male bet ween t hem. So
t hey used t o cut off t he ears of t he Wasilah and let it roam free t o past ure for t heir idols.'' A
similar explanat ion was report ed from Imam Malik bin Anas. Muhammad bin Ishaq said, "The
Wasilah sheep is t he ewe t hat gives birt h t o t en females in five deliveries, giving birt h t o t wo
females at each delivery. This sheep would be called Wasilah and would be set free. What ever
t his sheep delivers aft erwards, male or female, would be given t o t he men, but not t he
women, but if it delivers a st illborn, men and women would share it !'' As for t he Ham, Al-` Awfi
said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "If a man's camel performs t en copulat ions, t hey would call him a
Ham, ` So set him free.,'' Similar was report ed from Abu Rawq and Qat adah. ` Ali bin Abi Talhah
said t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Ham is t he male camel whose offspring gave birt h t o t heir own
offspring; t hey would t hen proclaim, ` This camel has Hama (prot ect ed) it s back.' Therefore,
t hey would not carry anyt hing on t his male camel, cut his wool, prevent him from grazing
wherever he likes or drinking from any pool, even if t he pool did not belong t o it s owner.'' Ibn
Wahb said, "I heard Malik saying, ` As for t he Ham, it is t he male camel who is assigned a
cert ain number of copulat ions, and when having finished what was assigned t o him, would have
peacock feat hers placed on him and be set free.''' Ot her opinions were also ment ioned t o
explain t his Ayah. There is a Hadit h on t his subj ect t hat Ibn Abi Hat im collect ed from Abu Ishaq
As-Subay` i from Al-Ahwas Al-Jushami from his fat her Malik bin Nadlah who said, "I came t o t he
Prophet wearing old clot hes. So he said t o me,
«∨∃メゅ∠ョ ∇リョ͡ マ
∠ ャ∠ ∇モワ∠ »
(Do you have any propert y) I said, ` Yes.' He asked,
«∨͡メゅ∠ヨ∇ャやヵ
あぺ∠ ∇リョ͡ »
(What t ype) I said, ` All t ypes; camels, sheep, horses and slaves.' He said,
«マ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゲ∠ Β⊥ ∇ヤプ∠ ゅ⇔ャゅ∠ョぶ
⊥ やポ
∠ ゅ∠ゎへや∠クみ͡プ∠ »
(If Allah gives you wealt h, t hen let it show on you.) He t hen asked,
«∨ゅ∠ヰル⊥ や∠クへる⇔ Β∠ プ͡ や∠ヱマ

∠ ヤ⊥よ͡ ま͡ ア
⊥ わ͡ ∇レゎ⊥ »
(Do your camels deliver calves t hat have full ears) I said, ` Yes, and do camels give birt h but t o
whole calves' He said,
ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る∃ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デラ
∠ や∠クへノ∠ ト
∠ ∇ボわ∠ プ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ヨ∇ャやグ⊥ カ
⊥ ∇ほゎ∠ マ
∠ ヤｚバ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ »
ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ る∃ ヘ∠ も͡ ゅ∠デラ∠ や∠クへｚペゼ ⊥ ゎ∠ ∩∀りゲ∠Βエ
͡ よ∠ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ ∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠
«ュあゲェ ⊥ ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ :メ
∠ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ヱ∠
(Do you t ake t he knife and cut off t he ears of some of t hem saying, ` This is a Bahirah,' and t ear
t he ears of some of t hem and proclaim, ` This is Sacred') I said, ` Yes.' He said,
«モ͡ェマ
∠ ャ∠ ぶ
⊥ やポ
∠ ゅ∠ゎへゅ∠ョｚモミ⊥ ラ
ｚま͡ ∇モバ∠ ∇ヘゎ∠ ゅ∠ヤプ∠ »
(Then do not do t hat , for all t he wealt h t hat Allah has given you is allowed for you.) Then he
said;
る∃ ヤ∠Β͡タヱ∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ る∃ ら∠ も͡ べ∠シ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ り∃ ゲ∠ Β͡エよ∠ リ͡ョヮ⊥ ｚヤャやモ
∠ バ∠ ィ
∠ ゅ∠ョぴ
びュ∃ ゅ∠ェ Ι
∠ ヱ∠
(Allah has not inst it ut ed t hings like Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Ham. ) As for t he
Bahirah, it is t he animal whose ears were cut , one would not allow his wife, daught ers, or any
of his household t o benefit from it s wool, hair or milk. But , if it died, t hey would share it . As
for t he Sa'ibah, t hey used t o set it free for t heir idols and announce t his fact in t he vicinit y of
t he idols. As for t he Wasilah, it is t he sheep t hat gives birt h t o six offspring. When she
delivered for t he sevent h t ime, t hey would cut it s ears and horns, saying, ` It has Wasalat
(connect ed deliveries),' and t hey would not slaught er it , hit it or prevent it from drinking from
any pool.'' This Hadit h was narrat ed wit h t he addit ion of t he explanat ion of t hese words in it . In
anot her narrat ion for t his Hadit h from Abu Ishaq from Abu Al-Ahwas, ` Awf bin Malik used his
own words (i.e., he explained t hese words not as a part of t he Hadit h it self) and t his is more
sound. Imam Ahmad recorded t his Hadit h from Sufyan bin ` Uyaynah, from Abu Az-Za` ra' ` Amr
bin ` Amr, from his uncle Abu Al-Ahwas ` Awf bin Malik bin Nadlah from his fat her, Malik bin
Nadlah. This narrat ion also does not cont ain t he explanat ion of Bahirah, Ham et c., t hat is
added t o t he Hadit h above, and Allah knows best . Allah's st at ement ,
ゆ
∠ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ゲわ∠ ∇ヘΑ∠ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやリｚム͡ ⇒∠ャヱ∠ ぴ
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤボ͡ ∇バΑ∠ Ι
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ゲ⊥ ん∠ ∇ミぺ∠ヱ∠
(But t hose who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of t hem have no underst anding.)
means, Allah did not legislat e t hese invent ed rit uals and He does not consider t hem act s of
obedience. Rat her, it is t he idolat ors who made t hem int o rit uals and act s of worship t hat t hey
used t o draw near t o Allah. But t hey did not and will not help t hem t o draw near t o Him,
rat her, t hese innovat ions will only harm t hem.
ヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゴ∠ ル∠ぺべ∠ョヴ∠ャま͡ ∇や∇ヲャ∠ゅ∠バゎ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ モ ∠ Β͡ホや∠クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びべ∠ル￢∠ ゅ∠よや∠￢ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ゅ∠ル∇ギィ
∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ョゅ∠レら⊥ ∇ジェ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホメ
͡ ヲ⊥シゲｚャや
(And when it is said t o t hem: "Come t o what Allah has revealed and t o t he Messenger.'' They
say: "Enough for us is t hat which we found our fat hers following,'') imeaning, if t hey are called
t o Allah's religion, Law and commandment s and t o avoiding what He prohibit ed, t hey say, ` The
ways and pract ices t hat we found our fat hers and forefat hers following are good enough for us.
` Allah said,
∠ ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α Ι
∠ ∇ユワ⊥ ぼ⊥ ゅ∠よや∠￢ラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぺ∠ぴ
(even t hough t heir fat hers had no knowledge what soever...) That is, even t hough t heir fat hers
did not underst and or recognize t he t rut h or find it s way. Therefore, who would follow t heir
forefat hers, except t hose who are even more ignorant and misguided t han t hey were
リｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ぁゲツ ⊥ Α∠ Ι

∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁ ∠ほΑぴ
∇ユム⊥ ゃ⊥ あらレ∠ Β⊥ プ∠ ゅ⇔バΒ͡ヨィ
∠ ∇ユム⊥ バ⊥ ィ
͡ ∇ゲョ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワやや∠クま͡ モｚッ∠
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠ゎ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇レミ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡
(105. O you who believe! Take care of yourselves. If you follow t he right guidance, no hurt can
come t o you from t hose who are in error. The ret urn of you all is t o Allah, t hen He will inform
you about (all) t hat you used t o do.)
One is Required to Reform Himself First

Allah commands His believing servant s t o reform t hemselves and t o do as many right eous deeds
as possible. He also informs t hem t hat whoever reforms himself, he would not be affect ed by
t he wickedness of t he wicked, whet her t hey were his relat ives or ot herwise. Imam Ahmad
recorded t hat Qays said, "Abu Bakr As-Siddiq st ood up, t hanked Allah and praised Him and t hen
said, ` O people! You read t his Ayah,
リｚョ ∇ユミ⊥ ぁゲツ

⊥ Α∠ Ι
∠ ∇ユム⊥ ジ
∠ ヘ⊥ ∇ルぺ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇Αギ∠ わ∠ ∇ワやや∠クま͡ モ
ｚッ∠
(O you who believe! Take care of yourselves. If you follow t he right guidance, no hurt can come
t o you from t hose who are in error.) You explain it t he wrong way. I heard t he Messenger of
Allah say,
マ
⊥セ͡ ヲ⊥Α ∩⊥ヮル∠ ヱ⊥ゲあΒピ∠ Α⊥ ゅ∠ャヱ∠ ゲ∠ ム∠ ∇レヨ⊥ ∇ャやや⊥ヱぺ∠ケ∠ や∠クま͡ サ
∠ ゅｚレャやラｚま͡»
«ヮ͡よゅ∠ボバ͡ よ͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ｚヨバ⊥ Α∠ ∇ラぺ∠ モｚィ ∠ ヱ∠ ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ⊥ や
(If t he people wit ness evil and do not change it , t hen Allah is about t o send His punishment t o
encompass t hem.) I (Qays) also heard Abu Bakr say, ` O people! Beware of lying, for lying
cont radict s fait h.'''
ゲ∠ ツ ∠ ェ ∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒͡Αぴ

∇ユム⊥ ∇レョあメ ∃ ∇ギハ∠ や∠ヱク∠ ラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇をやる͡ Βｚタ
͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャやリ∠ Β͡ェれ ⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ ∠ ぺ∠
ヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ ∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ゲカ ∠ や∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠
ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ル∠ ヲ⊥ジら͡ ∇エゎ∠ れ ͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやる⊥ ら∠ Βダ ͡ ョぁユ⊥ム∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや
Ι∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケやラ ͡ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ͡ラゅ∠ヨ͡ジ∇ボΒ⊥ ∠プり͡ ヲヤｚダャやギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョ
ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠クラ ∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ゼル∠
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ゲ∠ ん͡ ハ ⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ - リ ∠ Β͡ヨを͡ Ιｘやリ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚや⇔ク∠ ま͡ べｚル͡まヮ͡ ヤｚャやり∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ∠
リ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ョゅ∠ボ∠ョラ ⊥ ゅ∠ョヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ラ ͡ や∠ゲカ ∠ べ∠プゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ べｚボエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠
ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よ ͡ラゅ∠ヨ͡ジ∇ボΒ⊥ ∠プラ ͡ ゅ∠Βャ∠∇ヱΙｘやユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ペｚエ ∠ わ∠ ∇シやリ ∠ Α͡グャｚや
や⇔ク͡まゅｚル͡まべ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠わ∇ハやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ゅ∠ヨヰ͡ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ ∠ リ͡ョペぁェ ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ∠ ャ∠
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ り͡ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ ∠ ャ͡ク - リ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやリ ∠ ヨ͡ ャｚ
∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ｚキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ べ∠ヰ͡ヰ∇ィ∠ヱ
ュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱヮ∠ ヤｚャややヲ⊥ボゎｚや∠ヱ
びリ ∠ Β͡ボジ ͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャや
(106. O you who believe! When deat h approaches any of you, and you make a bequest , t hen
t ake t he t est imony of t wo j ust men of your own folk or t wo ot hers from out side, if you are
t raveling t hrough t he land and t he calamit y of deat h befalls you. Det ain t hem bot h aft er t he
Salah (t he prayer), (t hen) if you are in doubt (about t heir t rut hfulness), let t hem bot h swear by
Allah (saying): "We wish not for any worldly gain in t his, even t hough he (t he beneficiary) be
our near relat ive. We shall not hide t he t est imony of Allah, for t hen indeed we should be of t he
sinful.'') (107. If it t hen becomes known t hat t hese t wo had been guilt y of sin, let t wo ot hers
st and fort h in t heir places, nearest in kin from among t hose who claim a lawful right . Let t hem
swear by Allah (saying): "We affirm t hat our t est imony is t ruer t han t hat of bot h of t hem, and
t hat we have not t respassed (t he t rut h), for t hen indeed we should be of t he wrongdoers.'')
(108. That should make it closer (t o t he fact ) t hat t heir t est imony would be in it s t rue nat ure
and shape, or else t hey would fear t hat (ot her) oat hs would be admit t ed aft er t heir oat hs. And
have Taqwa of Allah and list en (wit h obedience t o Him). And Allah guides not t he rebellious
people.)
Testimony of Two Just Witnesses for the Final Will and Testament
This honorable Ayah cont ains a glorious ruling from Allah. Allah's st at ement ,
ゲ∠ ツ
∠ ェ
∠ や∠クま͡ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ ∇Βよ∠ り⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒͡Αぴ
びラ ͡ ゅ∠レ∇をやる͡ Βｚタ
͡ ヲ∠ ∇ャやリ
∠ Β͡ェれ
⊥ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ギ∠ ェ
∠ ぺ∠
(O you who believe! When deat h approaches any of you, and you make a bequest , t hen t ake
t he t est imony of t wo...) meaning t hat t here should be t wo wit nesses in such cases,
びメ
∃ ∇ギハ
∠ や∠ヱク∠ ぴ
(j ust men...) t hus, describing t hem as j ust ,
び∇ユム⊥ レあョぴ
(of your own folk) Muslims.
び∇ユミ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇Βビ
∠ ∇リョ͡ ラ
͡ や∠ゲカ
∠ や∠￢ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ
(or t wo ot hers from out side) non-Muslims, meaning t he People of t he Book, according t o Ibn
` Abbas as Ibn Abi Hat im recorded. Allah said next ,
びチ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘやヴ͡プ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇よゲ∠ ッ
∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺ ∇ラま͡ぴ
(if you are t raveling t hrough t he land) on a j ourney,
びれ
͡ ∇ヲヨ∠ ∇ャやる⊥ ら∠ Β͡ダョぁユ⊥ム∇わよ∠ ゅ∠タほ∠プ∠ ぴ
(and t he calamit y of deat h befalls you.) These are t wo condit ions t hat permit using non-
Muslims from among t he Dhimmis for wit nesses when t here are no Muslims present : When one
is t raveling and needs t o writ e a will, as Sharih Al-Qadi said. Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Sharih said,
"The wit ness of t he Jews and Christ ians is not allowed except while t raveling, and even t hen
only t o wit ness t he dict at ion of t he will.'' Allah's st at ement ,
びり͡ ヲヤｚダャやギ͡ ∇バよ∠ リ͡ョゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ルヲ⊥ジ͡ら∇エ∠ゎぴ

(Det ain t hem bot h aft er t he Salah (t he prayer),) refers t o t he ` Asr prayer, according t o Al-
` Awfi who report ed it from Ibn ` Abbas. This is t he same explanat ion report ed from Sa` id bin
Jubayr, Ibrahim An-Nakha` i, Qat adah, ` Ikrimah and Muhammad bin Sirin. As for Az-Zuhri, he
said t hat t hey are det ained aft er Muslim prayer (i.e., in congregat ion). Therefore, t hese t wo
wit nesses will be det ained aft er a congregat ional prayer,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らゎ∠ ∇ケやラ

͡ ま͡ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
͡ ゅ∠ヨジ
͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(let t hem bot h swear by Allah if you are in doubt .) meaning, if you are in doubt t hat t hey might
have commit t ed t reachery or t heft , t hen t hey should swear by Allah,
びヮ͡ よ͡ ン͡ゲわ∠ ∇ゼル∠ Ι

∠ぴ
(We wish not in t his) in our vows, according t o Muqat il bin Hayyan,
びゅ⇔レ∠ヨを∠ ぴ
(for any worldly gain) of t his soon t o end life,
びヴ∠よ∇ゲホ⊥ や∠クラ
∠ ゅ∠ミ ∇ヲャ∠ヱ∠ ぴ
(even t hough he be our near relat ive.) meaning, if t he beneficiary be our near relat ive, we will
st ill not compromise on t he t rut h.
びヮ͡ ヤｚャやり∠ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰセ

∠ ユ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ムル∠ Ι
∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(We shall not hide t he t est imony of Allah,) t hus st at ing t hat t he t est imony is Allah's, as a way
of respect ing it and valuing it s significance,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨを͡ Ι
ｘやリ
∠ ヨ͡ ャｚや⇔ク∠ ま͡ べｚル͡まぴ
(for t hen indeed we should be of t he sinful.) if we dist ort t he t est imony, change, alt er or hide
it ent irely. Allah said next ,
びゅ⇔ヨ∇をま͡ べｚボエ
∠ わ∠ ∇シやゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ルｚぺ∠ ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ ゲ∠ ん͡ ハ
⊥ ∇ラみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(If it t hen becomes known t hat t hese t wo had been guilt y of sin...) if t he t wo wit nesses were
found t o have cheat ed or st olen from t he money t hat t he will is being writ t en about ,
ユ⊥ ヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ペ
ｚエ∠ わ∠ ∇シやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヨヰ⊥ ∠ョゅ∠ボ∠ョラ⊥ ゅ∠ョヲ⊥ボΑ͡ ぴ
びラ
͡ ゅ∠Βャ∠∇ヱΙ
ｘや
(let t wo ot hers st and fort h in t heir places, nearest in kin from among t hose who claim a lawful
right .) This Ayah indicat es t hat if t he t wo wit nesses were found t o have commit t ed t reachery,
t hen t wo of t he nearest right ful inherit ors should st and for wit ness in t heir place,
びゅ∠ヨ͡ヰ͡ゎ∠ギ⇒∠ヰ∠セリ͡ョペ
ぁェ∠ ぺ∠ ゅ∠レゎ⊥ ギ∠ ⇒∠ヰゼ
∠ ャ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャゅ͡よラ
͡ ゅ∠ヨジ
͡ ∇ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ぴ
(Let t hem swear by Allah (saying): "We affirm t hat our t est imony is t ruer t han t hat of bot h of
t hem...'') Meaning, our t est imony t hat t hey have cheat ed is more t rut hful t han t he t est imony
t hat t hey have offered,
びべ∠レ∇Α∠ギ∠わ∇ハやゅ∠ョヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat we have not t respassed (t he t rut h),) when we accused t hem of t reachery,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ͡⇒ｚヌャやリ
∠ ヨ͡ ャｚや⇔ク͡まゅｚル͡まぴ
(for t hen indeed we should be of t he wrongdoers.) if we had lied about t hem. This is t he oat h
of t he heirs, and preference is t o be given t o t heir saying. Just as in t he case wit h t he oat h of
relat ive of a murdered person if he at t empt s t o t arnish t he case of t he murdered person. So his
family t akes an oat h in defense of his honor. This is discussed in t he st udies of t he oat hs in t he
books of Ahkam. Allah's st at ement ,
びべ∠ヰ͡ヰ∇ィ∠ヱヴ∠ヤハ
∠ り͡ ∠ギ⇒∠ヰゼ
ｚャゅ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ラ∠ぺヴ∠ル∇キぺ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡クぴ
(That should make it closer (t o t he fact ) t hat t heir t est imony would be in it s t rue nat ure and
shape (and t hus accept ed),) means, t he ruling requiring t he t wo Dhimmi wit nesses t o swear, if
t here is a doubt t hat t hey were not t rut hful, might compel t hem t o admit t o t he t est imony in
it s t rue form. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ｚキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or else t hey would fear t hat (ot her) oat hs would be admit t ed aft er t heir oat hs.) means,
requiring t hem t o swear by Allah might encourage t hem t o admit t o t he t rue t est imony because
t hey respect swearing by Allah and t hey glorify and revere Him. They also fear exposure if t he
heirs of t he deceased are required t o swear inst ead of t hem. In t his case, t he heirs would
swear and earn t he right ful inherit ance t hat t he t wo wit nesses failed t o declare. This is why
Allah said,
び∇ユヰ͡ レ͡ ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ∀リ⇒∠ヨ∇Αぺ∠ ｚキゲ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ヘ⇒∠ガΑ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ぴ

(or else t hey would fear t hat (ot her) oat hs would be admit t ed aft er t heir oat hs.), t hen,

(And have Taqwa of Allah) in all of your affairs,
び∇やヲ⊥バヨ∠ ∇シや∠ヱぴ
(and list en.) and obey,
びリ
∠ Β͡ボジ
͡ ⇒∠ヘ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲボ∠ ∇ャやン͡ギ∇ヰΑ∠ Ι
(And Allah guides not t he rebellious people.) who do not obey Him or follow His Law.
Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ
͡ ぺ⊥ へ∠クゅ∠ョメ
⊥ ヲ⊥ボΒ∠ プ∠ モ
∠シ⊥ ゲぁャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
びゆ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ
∠ ろ
∠ ル∠ぺマ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レ∠ャユ∠ ∇ヤハ
͡
(109. On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her and say t o t hem: "What was
t he response you received (from men t o your t eaching)'' They will say: "We have no knowledge,
verily, only You are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden.'')
The Messengers Will be Asked About Their Nations

Allah st at es t hat on t he Day of Resurrect ion, He will ask t he Messengers about how t heir
nat ions, t o whom He sent t hem, answered and responded t o t heir t eachings. Allah said in ot her
Ayat ,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヤシ
ｚヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βャ∠ま͡ モ
∠シ
͡ ∇ケぺ⊥ リ
ｚヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
(Then surely, We shall quest ion t hose (people) t o whom it (t he Book) was sent and verily, We
shall quest ion t he Messengers.) 7:6 , and,
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ∠ヨ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミゅｚヨハ

∠ -リ
∠ Β͡バヨ∠ ∇ィぺ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ レｚヤ∠⇒∠∇ジレ∠ ャ∠ マ
∠ よあケ∠ ヲ∠ プ∠ ぴ
(So, by your Lord, We shall cert ainly call all of t hem t o account . For all t hat t hey used t o do.)
15:92-93 . The st at ement of t he Messengers here,
びべ∠レ∠ャユ∠ ∇ヤハ
͡ Ι
∠ぴ
(We have no knowledge) is t he result of t he horror of t hat Day, according t o Muj ahid, Al-Hasan
Al-Basri and As-Suddi. ` Abdur-Razzaq narrat ed t hat At h-Thawri said t hat Al-A` mash said t hat
Muj ahid said about t he Ayah,
び∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ
∠シ
⊥ ゲぁャやヮ⊥ ｚヤャやノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
(On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her and say t o t hem: "What was t he
response you received'') They will become afraid and reply,
びべ∠レ∠ャユ∠ ∇ヤハ
͡ Ι
∠ぴ
(We have no knowledge. ..) Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abi Hat im also recorded t his explanat ion. ` Ali bin
Abi Talhah said t hat Ibn ` Abbas comment ed on t he Ayah,
Ι
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ∇ユわ⊥ ∇らィ
∠シ⊥ ゲぁャやヮ⊥ ヤｚャやノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇イΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ぴ
びゆ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ
∠ ろ
∠ ル∠ぺマ ∠ ルｚま͡ べ∠レ∠ャユ∠ ∇ヤハ
͡
(On t he Day when Allah will gat her t he Messengers t oget her and say t o t hem: "What was t he
response you received (from men t o your t eaching)'' They will say: "We have no knowledge,
verily, only You are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden.'') "They will say t o t he Lord, Most
Honored, ` We have no knowledge beyond what we know, and even t hat , You have more
knowledge of t hem t han us.'' This response is out of respect before t he Lord, Most Honored,
and it means, we have no knowledge compared t o Your encompassing knowledge. Therefore,
our knowledge only grasped t he visible behavior of t hese people, not t he secret s of t heir
heart s. You are t he Knower of everyt hing, Who has encompassing knowledge of all t hings, and
our knowledge compared t o Your knowledge is similar t o not having any knowledge at all, for
びゆ
͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ
∠ ろ
∠ ル∠ぺぴ
(only You are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden.)
マ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クやユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ
サ∠ ゅｚレャやユ⊥ あヤム∠ ゎ⊥ サ ͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャやゥ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ マ ∠ ゎぁギｚΑぺ∠ ∇クま͡ マ
∠ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ
る∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ∠ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ
∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ Κ ⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プ
る͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ リ ͡ Βあトャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ペ ⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや∠ヱ
ヴ͡ル∇クみ͡よ͡ や⇔ゲ∇Βデ ∠ ラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムわ∠ プ∠ ゅ∠ヰΒ͡プオ ⊥ ヘ⊥ レ∠わプ∠ ヴ͡ル∇クみ͡よ͡ ゲ͡ ∇Βトｚャや
ァ⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇クみ͡よ͡ ソ ∠ ゲ∠ ∇よΙ ｘや∠ヱヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミΙ ｘや￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇らゎ⊥ ∠ヱ
∇クま͡ マ ∠ レ∠ハモ ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヘヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ヴ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よヴ∠ゎヲ∠ヨ∇ャや
や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやメ ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠ ろ ͡ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ゃィ
͡
∇ラぺ∠ リ ∠ ΒあΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ろ⊥ ∇Βェ ∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ - ∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚま͡
ゅ∠レルｚ ∠ほ͡よ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホヴ͡ャヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠ ヴ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥
(110. (Remember) when Allah will say (on t he Day of Resurrect ion): "O ` Isa, son of Maryam!
Remember My favor t o you and t o your mot her when I support ed you wit h Ruh - il-Qudus
Jibril so t hat you spoke t o t he people in t he cradle and in mat urit y; and when I t aught you
t he Book, t he Hikmah, t he Tawrah and t he Inj il; and when you made out of t he clay, as it
were, t he figure of a bird, by My permission, and you breat hed int o it , and it became a bird by
My permission, and you healed t hose born blind, and t he lepers by My permission, and when
you brought fort h t he dead by My permission; and when I rest rained t he Children of Israel from
you since you came unt o t hem wit h clear proofs, and t he disbelievers among t hem said: ` This
is not hing but evident magic.''') (111. "And when I Awhayt u put in t he heart s of Al- Hawariyyin
t o believe in Me and My Messenger, t hey said: ` We believe. And bear wit ness t hat we are
Muslims.''')
Reminding ` Isa of the Favors that Allah Granted him
Allah ment ions how He blessed His servant and Messenger, ` Isa, son of Maryam, and t he
miracles and ext raordinary act s He grant ed him. Allah said,
びマ
∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ヴ͡わヨ∠ ∇バル͡ ∇ゲミ⊥ ∇クやぴ
(Remember My favor t o you) when I creat ed you from your mot her, wit hout male int ervent ion,
and made you a sign and clear proof of My perfect power over all t hings. d
びマ
∠ ゎ͡ ギ∠ ャ͡ヱ∠ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱぴ
(And t o your mot her) when I made you t est ify t o her chast it y and you t hus absolved her from
t he sin t hat t he unj ust , ignorant liars accused her of,
びサ
͡ ギ⊥ ボ⊥ ∇ャやゥ
͡ ヱ⊥ゲよ͡ マ
∠ ゎぁギｚΑぺ∠ ∇クま͡ぴ
(when I support ed you wit h Ruh - il-Qudus) t he angel Jibril, and made you a Prophet , calling t o
Allah in t he cradle and manhood. I made you speak in t he cradle, and you t est ified t hat your
mot her was free from any immoral behavior, and you proclaimed t hat you worship Me. You also
conveyed t he news of My Message and invit ed t hem t o worship Me.
びΚ
⇔ ∇ヰミ∠ ヱ∠ ギ͡ ∇ヰヨ∠ ∇ャやヴ͡プサ
∠ ゅｚレャやユ⊥ あヤム∠ ゎ⊥ ぴ
(so t hat you spoke t o t he people in t he cradle and in mat urit y;) Meaning you called t he people
t o Allah in childhood and in mat urit y. And t he word Tukallim means invit ed, because his
speaking t o people while a child is not hing st range by it self. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ わ⊥ ∇ヨヤｚハ
(And when I t aught you t he Book and t he Hikmah,) t he power of writ ing and underst anding,
びり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや∠ヱぴ

(and t he Tawrah,) which was revealed t o Musa, son of ` Imran, who spoke t o Allah direct ly.
びヴ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よゲ͡ ∇Βト
ｚャやる͡ ゃ∠ ∇Βヰ∠ ミ∠ リ
͡ Βあトャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ペ
⊥ ヤ⊥∇ガゎ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(and when you made out of t he clay, as it were, t he figure of a bird, by My permission,) means:
` you shaped it in t he figure of a bird by My permission, and it became a bird wit h My
permission, aft er you blew int o it '. Then, it became a flying bird wit h a soul by Allah's
permission. Allah said;
びヴ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よソ
∠ ゲ∠ ∇よΙ
ｘや∠ヱヮ∠ ヨ∠ ∇ミΙ
ｘや￢⊥ ン͡ゲ∇らゎ⊥ ∠ヱぴ
(and you healed t hose born blind, and t he lepers by My permission,) This was explained before
in Surah Al ` Imran (chapt er 3) and we do not need t o repeat it here. Allah's st at ement ,
びヴ͡ル∇ク͡み͡よヴ∠ゎヲヨ∠ ∇ャやァ

⊥ ゲ͡ ∇ガゎ⊥ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
(And when you brought fort h t he dead by My permission,) meaning, you called t hem and t hey
rose from t heir graves by Allah's leave, power, lnt ent and will. Allah said next ,
ろ
͡ ⇒∠レΒあら∠ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∇ユヰ⊥ わ∠ ∇ゃィ
͡ ∇クま͡ マ∠ レ∠ハモ∠ Α͡￢ゲ∠ ∇シま͡ ヴ͡レよ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヘヘ∠ ミ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
び∀リΒ͡らョぁ ∀ゲ∇エ͡シ Ι ｚま͡ や∠グ⇒∠ワ ∇ラま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ∠ Α͡グャｚやメ∠ ゅ∠ボプ∠
(and when I rest rained t he Children of Israel from you since you came unt o t hem wit h clear
proofs, and t he disbelievers among t hem said: "This is not hing but evident magic.'') Meaning:
` remember My favor, when I st opped t he Children of Israel from harming you, when you
brought t hem t he clear proofs and evidence, t est ifying t o your prophet hood and Message from
Me t o t hem. They rej ect ed you and accused you of being a magician and t ried t o kill you by
crucifixion, but I saved you, raised you t o Me, purified you from t heir vulgarit y and prot ect ed
you from t heir harm.' The wording of t his Ayah indicat es t hat ` Isa will be reminded of t hese
favors on t he Day of Resurrect ion. Allah used t he past t ense in t hese Ayat indicat ing t hat it is a
forgone mat t er t hat will cert ainly occur. This Ayah also cont ains some of t he secret s of t he
Unseen t hat Allah revealed t o His Messenger Muhammad . Allah said,
ヴ͡よ ∇やヲ⊥レョ͡ や∠￢ ∇ラぺ∠ リ

∠ ΒあΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ
∠ ∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ろ
⊥ ∇Βェ
∠ ∇ヱぺ∠ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
びヴ͡ャヲ⊥シゲ∠ よ͡ ヱ∠
(And when I (Allah) Awhayt u Al-Hawariyyin t o believe in Me and My Messenger.) This is also a
reminder of Allah's favor on ` Isa, by making discples and companions for him. It is also said t hat
Awhayt u in t he Ayah means, ` inspired', j ust as in anot her Ayah, Allah said;
びヮ͡ Β͡バッ
͡ ∇ケぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ∠シヲ⊥ョあュぺ⊥ ヴ∠ャま͡ べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
(And We inspired t he mot her of Musa (saying): Suckle him...) 28:7 . Allah said in ot her Ayat ,
メ
͡ ゅ∠らイ
͡ ∇ャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ン͡グガ
͡ ゎｚやラ
͡ ぺ∠ モ
͡ ∇エレｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ マ
∠ よぁケ∠ ヴ∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
びラ ∠ ヲ⊥セゲ͡ ∇バΑ∠ ゅｚヨ͡ョ∠ヱゲ͡ イ
∠ゼｚャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ヱ∠ ゅ⇔ゎヲ⊥Βよ⊥
マ
͡ よあケ∠ モ
∠ ら⊥ シ
⊥ ヴ͡ムヤ⊥∇シゅ∠プれ
͡ ゲ∠ ヨ∠ んｚャやあモミ⊥ リ͡ョヴ͡ヤミ⊥ ｚユを⊥ ぴ
びΚ
⇔ ャ⊥ク⊥
(And your Lord Awha (inspired) t he bee, saying: "Take habit at ions in t he mount ains and in t he
t rees and in what t hey erect . Then, eat of all fruit s, and follow t he ways of your Lord made
easy (for you).'') 16:68-69 Al-Hasan Al-Basri comment ed about t he Hawariyyun, "Allah
inspired t hem'', while As-Suddi said, "` He put in t heir heart s,'' and t he Hawariyyun said,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヨヤ͡∇ジョ⊥ ゅ∠レルｚ ∠ほ͡よ ∇ギヰ∠ ∇セや∠ヱゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ぴ
(We believe. And bear wit ness t hat we are Muslims.)
∇モワ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ ∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ラ ∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ ∠ ∇ャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ

͡￢べ∠ヨジｚャやリ
∠ ョあり⇔ ギ∠ も͡ べ∠ョゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ ∠ ゴあレ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺマ ∠ よぁケ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠
ラ∠ぺギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ
ゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ホギ∠ タ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リｚゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヱ∠ ゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ ∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほルｚ
リ⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャやリ ∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ラ ∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠
￢͡ べ∠ヨジｚャやリ
∠ ョあり⇔ ギ∠ も͡ べ∠ョゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ∇メゴ͡ ル∠ぺべ∠レよｚケ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャやユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠
マ∠ ∇レョある⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ͡ カ ͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡ヱｚ Ι ６や⇔ギΒ͡ハゅ∠レ∠ャラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠
ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ - リ ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ やｚゲャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ゅ∠レ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱ
ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ
∠ ぺ⊥ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ ∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ∇Βヤ∠ハ∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ゴあレ∠ ョ⊥
びリ ∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあや⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ
∠ ぺ⊥ Ι
ｚゅ⇔よや∠グハ∠
(112. (Remember) when Al-Hawariyun said: "O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Can your Lord send down t o
us a Ma'idah from heaven'' ` Isa said: "Have Taqwa of Allah, if you are indeed believers.'') (113.
They said: "We wish t o eat t hereof and t o be st ronger in fait h, and t o know t hat you have
indeed t old us t he t rut h and t hat we ourselves be it s wit nesses. '') (114. ` Isa, son of Maryam,
said: "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a t able spread (wit h food) t hat t here may be for
us -- for t he first and t he last of us -- a fest ival and a sign from You; and provide us sust enance,
for You are t he Best of sust ainers.'') (115. Allah said: "I am going t o send it down unt o you, but
if any of you aft er t hat disbelieves, t hen I will punish him wit h a t orment such as I have not
inflict ed on anyone among t he ` Alamin.'')
Sending Down the Ma'idah

This is t he st ory of t he Ma'idah, t he name of which t his Surah bears, Surat Al-Ma'idah. This is
also among t he favors t hat Allah grant ed His servant and Messenger, ` Isa, accept ing his request
t o send t he Ma'idah down, and doing so as clear proof and unequivocal evidence. Allah said,
びラ
∠ ヲぁΑケ͡ や∠ヲエ
∠ ∇ャやメ
∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ぴ
((Remember) when Al-Hawaryun said...) t he disciples of ` Isa said,
びマ
∠ よぁケ∠ ノ⊥ Β͡トわ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ∇モワ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑぴ
び͡￢べ∠ヨジ
ｚャやリ
∠ ョあり⇔ ギ∠ も͡ べ∠ョゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ メ
∠ ゴあレ∠ Α⊥ ラ∠ぺぴ
(O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Can your Lord send down t o us a Ma'idah from heaven) The Ma'idah is
t he t able t hat has food on it . Some scholars said t hat t he disciples request ed t his t able because
t hey were poor and deprived. So t hey asked ` Isa t o supplicat e t o Allah t o send a t able of food
down t o t hem t hat t hey could eat from every day and t hus be more able t o perform t he act s of
worship.
びリ
∠ Β͡レョ͡ ∇ぽョぁユ⊥わレ⊥ミラ͡まヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ボゎｚやメ
∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
(` Isa said: "Have Taqwa of Allah, if you are indeed believers.'') ` Isa answered t hem by saying,
` Have Taqwa of Allah! And do not ask for t his, for it may become a t rial for you, but t rust in
Allah for your provisions, if you are t ruly believers. '
びゅ∠ヰ∇レョ͡ モ
∠ ミ⊥ ∇ほルｚラ∠ぺギ⊥ Α͡ゲル⊥ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホぴ
(They said: "We wish t o eat t hereof.'') we need t o eat from it ,
びゅ∠レよ⊥ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ リ
ｚゃ͡ ヨ∠ ∇トゎ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t o be st ronger in fait h,) when we wit ness it descending from heaven as sust enance for us,
びゅ∠レわ∠ ∇ホギ∠ タ
∠ ∇ギホ∠ ラ∠ぺユ∠ ヤ∠∇バル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t o know t hat you have indeed t old us t he t rut h,) of your Message and our fait h in you
increases and also our knowledge,
びリ
∠ Α͡ギヰ͡ ⇒ｚゼャやリ
∠ ョ͡ ゅ∠ヰ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ラ
∠ ヲ⊥ムル∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
(and t hat we ourselves be it s wit nesses.) t est ifying t hat it is a sign from Allah, as proof and
evidence t hat you are a Prophet , and at t est ing t o t he t rut h of what you brought us,
ゅ∠レ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ∇メゴ͡ ル∠ぺべ∠レよｚケ∠ ユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャやユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
⊥ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡ハメ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
びゅ∠ルゲ͡ カ
͡ や∠￢ヱ∠ ゅ∠レャ͡ヱｚ Ι
６や⇔ギΒ͡ハゅ∠レ∠ャラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムゎ∠ ￢͡ べ∠ヨジ
ｚャやリ
∠ ョあり⇔ ギ∠ も͡ べ∠ョ
(` Isa, son of Maryam, said: "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a t able spread (wit h food)
t hat t here may be for us -- for t he first and t he last of us -- a fest ival...'') As-Suddi comment ed
t hat t he Ayah means, "We will t ake t hat day on which t he t able was sent down as a day of
celebrat ion, t hat we and t hose who come aft er us would consider sacred.'' Sufyan At h-Thawri
said t hat it means, "A day of prayer.''
びマ
∠ ∇レョある⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ヱ∠ ぴ
(and a sign from You. ) proving t hat You are able t o do all t hings and t o accept my
supplicat ion, so t hat t hey accept what I convey t o t hem from You,
びゅ∠レ∇ホコ⊥ ∇ケや∠ヱぴ
(and provide us sust enance,) a delicious food from You t hat does not require any effort or
hardship,
∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ゴあレ∠ ョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゅ∠ボレ∠ Β͡ホコ͡ やｚゲャやゲ⊥ ∇Βカ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ぴ
び∇ユム⊥ レ͡ョギ⊥ ∇バよ∠ ∇ゲヘ⊥ ∇ムΑ∠ リ∠ヨプ∠
("For You are t he Best of sust ainers.'' Allah said: "I am going t o send it down unt o you, but if any
of you aft er t hat disbelieves...'') by denying t his sign and defying it s implicat ion, O ` Isa,
びリ
∠ Β͡ヨヤ∠⇒∠バ∇ャやリ
∠ ョあや⇔ギ∠ェぺ∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ
∠ ぺ⊥ Ι
ｚゅ⇔よや∠グハ
∠ ヮ⊥ よ⊥ あグハ
∠ ぺ⊥ ヴあルみ͡プ∠ ぴ
(t hen I will punish him wit h a t orment such as I have not inflict ed on anyone among t he
` Alamin.) among t he people of your t ime. Allah said in similar Ayat ,
ギｚセ
∠ ぺ∠ ラ
∠ ∇ヲハ
∠ ∇ゲプ͡ メ
∠ や∠￢ ∇やヲ⊥ヤカ
͡ ∇キぺ∠ る⊥ ハ
∠ ゅｚジャやュ⊥ ヲ⊥ボゎ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ
びゆ
͡ や∠グバ∠ ∇ャや
(And on t he Day when t he Hour will be est ablished (it will be said t o t he angels): "Cause
Fir'awn's people t o ent er t he severest t orment !'') 40:46 , and,
∠ ョ͡ モ
͡ ヘ∠ ∇シΙ
ｘやポ
ｚま͡ぴ
(Verily, t he hypocrit es will be in t he lowest dept hs of t he Fire. ) 4:145 Ibn Jarir said t hat
` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "Those who will receive t he severest t orment on t he Day of
Resurrect ion are t hree: The hypocrit es, t hose from t he people of Al-Ma'idah who disbelieved in
it , and t he people of Fir` awn.'' Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "They said t o ` Isa,
son of Maryam, ` Supplicat e t o Allah t o send down t o us from heaven, a t able spread wit h food.'
He also said, ` So t he angels brought t he t able down cont aining seven fish and seven pieces of
bread and placed it before t hem. So t he last group of people at e as t he first group did.'' Ibn
Jarir recorded t hat Ishaq bin ` Abdullah said t hat t he t able was sent down t o ` Isa son of Maryam
having seven pieces of bread and seven fish, and t hey at e from it as much as t hey wished. But
when some of t hem st ole food from it , saying, "It might not come down t omorrow,'' t he t able
ascended. These st at ement s t est ify t hat t he t able was sent down t o t he Children of Israel
during t he t ime of ` Isa, son of Maryam, as a result of Allah's accept ing his supplicat ion t o Him.
The apparent wording of t his Ayah also st at es so,
∠ ゅ∠ヰャ⊥ゴあレ∠ ョ⊥ ヴあルま͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ
∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
(Allah said: "I am going t o send it down unt o you...'') 5:115 .
サ
͡ ゅｚレヤ͡ャろ ∠ ヤ⊥ホろ ∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
マ
∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ
⊥ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホヮ͡ ヤｚャやラ ͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョリ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ
ろ
⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まペｙエ ∠ よ͡ ヴ͡ャザ ∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョメ∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャラ ⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョ
ヴ͡プゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ ∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥
べ∠ョ Ιｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ョ - ゆ ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ
∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺマ ∠ ルｚま͡ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠
ろ
⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴよあケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハやラ ͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠
ろ
∠ レ⊥ミヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βプｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プろ ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅｚョや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠
- ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ょ ∠ Β͡ホゲｚャやろ ∠ ル∠ぺ
ろ
∠ ル∠ぺマ ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡ま
びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ∠ ∇ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャや
(116. And (remember) when Allah will say (on t he Day of Resurrect ion): "O ` Isa, son of Maryam!
Did you say unt o men: ` Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah''' He will say:
"Glory be t o You! It was not for me t o say what I had no right (t o say). Had I said such a t hing,
You would surely have known it . You know what is in my inner self t hough I do not know what is
in Yours, t ruly, You, only You, are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden and unseen.'') (117. "Never
did I say t o t hem ought except what You (Allah) did command me t o say: ` Worship Allah, my
Lord and your Lord.' And I was a wit ness over t hem while I dwelled amongst t hem, but when
You t ook me up , You were t he Wat cher over t hem, and You are a Wit ness t o all t hings.'')
(118. "If You punish t hem, t hey are Your servant s, and if You forgive t hem, verily You, only You
are t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.'')
` Isa Rejects Shirk and Affirms Tawhid

Allah will also speak t o His servant and Messenger, ` Isa son of Maryam, peace be upon him,
saying t o him on t he Day of Resurrect ion in t he presence of t hose who worshipped ` Isa and his
mot her as gods besides Allah,
ヴ͡ルヱ⊥グガ
͡ ゎｚやサ
∠ ヤ⊥ホろ
∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑぴ
͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョリ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ
∠ ョあぺ⊥ヱ∠
(O ` Isa, son of Maryam! Did you say unt o men: ` Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides
Allah') This is a t hreat and a warning t o Christ ians, chast ising t hem in public, as Qat adah and
ot hers said, and Qat adah ment ioned t his Ayah as evidence,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ギタ
͡ リ
∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャやノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ
("This is a Day on which t he t rut hful will profit from t heir t rut h.'') 5:119 Allah's st at ement ,
ヴ͡ャザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョメ
∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョマ
∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ
⊥ぴ
びペｙエ∠ よ͡
(Glory be t o You! It was not for me t o say what I had no right (t o say)...) cont ains Allah's
direct ion for ` Isa t o ut t er t he perfect answer. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Abu Hurayrah said,
"` Isa will be t aught his argument in reply t o what Allah will ask him,
サ
∠ ヤ⊥ホろ
∠ ル∠￢ぺ∠ ユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ リ
∠ ∇よやヴ∠ジΒ͡バΑ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ
͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョリ ͡ ∇Βヰ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ ヴ
you say unt o men: ` Worship me and my mot her as t wo gods besides Allah') 5:116 .'' Abu
Hurayrah t hen narrat ed t hat t he Prophet said t hat Allah t aught ` Isa t o say,
ヴ͡ャザ
∠ ∇Βャ∠ ゅ∠ョメ
∠ ヲ⊥ホぺ∠ ∇ラぺ∠ ヴ͡ャラ
⊥ ヲ⊥ムΑ∠ ゅ∠ョマ
∠ レ∠ ⇒∠エ∇らシ
⊥ぴ
びペｙエ∠ よ͡
(Glory be t o You! It was not for me t o say what I had no right (t o say)...) At h-Thawri narrat ed
t his Hadit h from Ma` mar from Ibn Tawus from Tawus. ` Isa's st at ement ,
びヮ⊥ わ∠ ∇ヨヤ͡ハ
∠ ∇ギボ∠ プ∠ ヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ろ
⊥ レ⊥ミラ͡まぴ
(Had I said such a t hing, You would surely have known it .) means, had I said it , You, my Lord,
would have known it , for not hing escapes Your knowledge. Rat her, I have not said t hese words
nor did t he t hought even cross my mind, t his why he said,
マ
∠ ルｚま͡ マ ∠ジ ͡ ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇ハぺ∠ Ι ∠ ヱ∠ ヴ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヴ͡プゅ∠ョユ⊥ ヤ∠∇バゎ∠ ぴ
びヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι
ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ
⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ヨよ͡ ヲ⊥Βピ⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ⇒ｚヤハ
∠ ろ
∠ ル∠ぺ
(You know what is in my inner self t hough I do not know what is in Yours, t ruly, You, only You,
are t he Knower of all t hat is hidden and unseen. Never did I say t o t hem ought except what You
(Allah) did command me t o say...) and convey,
び∇ユム⊥ よｚケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハやラ

͡ ぺ∠ぴ
(Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.) I only called t hem t o what You sent me wit h and
commanded me t o convey t o t hem,
び∇ユム⊥ よｚケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ∇やヱ⊥ギら⊥ ∇ハやラ

͡ ぺ∠ぴ
(Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord) and t his is what I conveyed t o t hem,
び∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プろ
⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅｚョや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ
∠ ろ
⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ぴ
(And I was a wit ness over t hem while I dwelled amongst t hem,) I was a wit ness over what t hey
did when I was amongst t hem,
ろ
∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ょ
∠ Β͡ホゲｚャやろ
∠ ル∠ぺろ∠ レ⊥ミヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βプｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ
び∀ギΒ͡ヰセ
∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠
(but when You t ook me up , You were t he Wat cher over t hem, and You are a Wit ness t o all
t hings.) Abu Dawud At -Tayalisi recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah st ood up
once and gave us a speech in which he said,
ゴｚハ
∠ ぶ
͡ やヴ∠ャま͡ ラ
∠ ヱ⊥ケヲ⊥ゼ∇エョ∠ ∇ユム⊥ ルｚま͡ サ
⊥ ゅｚレャやゅ∠ヰΑぁぺ∠ ゅ∠Α»
«Ι∇ゲビ⊥ ∩⇔りや∠ゲハ ⊥ ∩⇔りゅ∠ヘェ
⊥ モｚィ
∠ ヱ∠
(O people! You will be gat hered t o Allah while barefoot ed, naked and uncircumcised;
びロ⊥ ギ⊥ Β͡バルぁペ
∃ ∇ヤカ
∠ メ
∠ ヱｚぺ∠ べ∠ル∇ぺギ∠ よ∠ ゅ∠ヨミ∠ ぴ
(As We began t he first creat ion, We shall repeat it .)
∩⊥ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ る͡ ョ∠ ゅ∠Βボ͡ ∇ャやュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヴ∠ジ∇ムΑ⊥ ペ

͡ も͡ ゅ∠ヤガ
∠ ∇ャやメ∠ ヱｚぺ∠ ラ
ｚま͡ヱ∠ »
れ
∠ や∠ク ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ グ⊥ カ∠ ∇ぽΒ⊥ プ∠ ヶ͡わョｚぺ⊥ ∇リョ͡ メ ∃ ゅ∠ィゲ͡ よ͡ ￢⊥ ゅ∠イΑ⊥ ヮ⊥ ルｚま͡ヱ∠ ゅ∠ャぺ∠
ヵ͡ケ∇ギゎ∠ ゅ∠ャマ ∠ ルｚま͡:メ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ ∩ヶ͡よゅ∠エ∇タぺ∠ :メ ⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∩͡メゅ∠ヨゼあャや
«ウ͡ャゅｚダャやギ⊥ ∇らバ∠ ∇ャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホゅ∠ヨミ∠ メ
⊥ ヲ⊥ホほ∠プ∠ ∩∠ポ∠ギ∇バ∠よやヲ⊥をギ∠ ∇ェぺ∠ ゅ∠ョ
The first among t he creat ion who will be covered wit h clot hes will be Ibrahim. Some men from
my Ummah will be brought and t aken t o t he left (t o t he Fire) and I will yell, ` They are my
followers!' It will be said, ` You do not know what t hey innvovat ed aft er you (in religion).' So I
will say j ust as t he right eous servant (` Isa) said,

͡ ぺ∠ ヮ͡ よ͡ ヴ͡レゎ∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ぺ∠ べ∠ョ Ι ｚま͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ろ ⊥ ∇ヤホ⊥ ゅ∠ョぴ
∇ユヰ͡ Β͡プろ⊥ ∇ョキ⊥ ゅｚョや⇔ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ろ ⊥ レ⊥ミヱ∠ ∇ユム⊥ よｚケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠
ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ろ ∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ∇ユヰ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ
∠ ょ ∠ Β͡ホゲｚャやろ ∠ ル∠ぺろ
∠ レ⊥ミヴ͡レわ∠ ∇Βプｚヲ∠ ゎ∠ ゅｚヨヤ∠プ∠
ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ ∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡ま - ∀ギΒ͡ヰセ ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥
びユ⊥ Β͡ムエ ∠ ∇ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやろ ∠ ル∠ぺマ∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠
(And I was a wit ness over t hem while I dwelled amongst t hem, but when You t ook me up ,
You were t he Wat cher over t hem, and You are a Wit ness t o all t hings. If You punish t hem, t hey
are Your servant s, and if You forgive t hem, verily You, only You are t he Almight y, t he All-
Wise.)
ヴ∠ヤハ
∠ リ
∠ Αあギゎ∠ ∇ゲョ⊥ やヲ⊥ャや∠ゴΑ∠ ∇ユャ∠ ￢͡ ゅ∠ャぽ⊥ ワラｚま͡ :メ ⊥ ゅ∠ボΒ⊥ プ∠ »
«ユ⊥ヰわ∠ ∇ホケ∠ ゅ∠プグ⊥ ∇レョ⊥ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠ボ∇ハぺ∠
(It will furt her be said, ` These people kept revert ing back on t heir heels aft er you left t hem.')''
Al-Bukhari also recorded t his Hadit h in t he explanat ion of t his Ayah. Allah said;
マ
∠ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピゎ∠ ラ͡まヱ∠ ポ
∠ キ⊥ ゅ∠らハ
͡ ∇ユヰ⊥ ルｚみ͡プ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇よグあバ∠ ゎ⊥ ラ͡まぴ
∠ ∇ャやゴ⊥ Α͡ゴバ∠ ∇ャやろ ∠ ル∠ぺ
(If You punish t hem, t hey are Your servant s, and if You forgive t hem, verily You, only You are
t he Almight y, t he All-Wise.) All mat t ers refer back t o Allah, for He does what He Wills and none
can quest ion Him about what He does, while He will quest ion t hem. This Ayah also shows t he
crime of t he Christ ians who invent ed a lie against Allah and His Messenger, t hus making a rival,
wife and son for Allah. Allah is glorified in t hat He is far above what t hey at t ribut e t o Him. So
t his Ayah 5:118 has t remendous value and delivers unique news.
∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ギタ

͡ リ ∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャやノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワヮ⊥ ヤｚャやメ ∠ ゅ∠ホぴ
や⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プリ ∠ Α͡ギヤ͡⇒∠カゲ⊥ ⇒∠ヰ∇ルΙ
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ
コ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャやマ ∠ ャ͡クヮ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ ∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ ∠ッ ͡ ケｚ
リｚヰ͡ Β͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジ
ｚャやマ ⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャ - ユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャや
び ∀ゲΑギ͡ ホ∠ ￢∃ ∇ヴセ ∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠ ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠
(119. Allah will say: "This is a Day on which t he t rut hful will profit from t heir t rut h: Theirs are
Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise) -- t hey shall abide t herein forever. Allah is
pleased wit h t hem and t hey wit h Him. That is t he great success.) (120. To Allah belongs t he
dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, and He is able t o do all t hings.)
Only Truth will be of Benefit on the Day of Resurrection

Allah answers His servant and Messenger ` Isa, son of Maryam, aft er he disowns t he disbelieving
Christ ians who lied about Allah and His Messenger, and when ` Isa refers t heir end t o t he will of
his Lord,
び∇ユヰ⊥ ホ⊥ ∇ギタ
͡ リ
∠ Β͡ホギ͡ ⇒ｚダャやノ⊥ ヘ∠ レ∠Α ュ⊥ ∇ヲΑ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワぴ
(This is a Day on which t he t rut hful will profit from t heir t rut h.) Ad-Dahhak said t hat Ibn
` Abbas comment ed, "This is t he Day when Tawhid will benefit t hose who believed in it .''
リ
ｘやゅ∠ヰ͡わ∇エ∠ゎリ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ
びや⇔ギ∠よぺ∠ べ∠ヰΒ͡プ
(Theirs are Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise) -- t hey shall abide t herein forever.)
and t hey will never be removed from it ,
びヮ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ∇やヲ⊥ッケ∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レハ
∠ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやヴ
∠ッ
͡ ケあぴ
(Allah is pleased wit h t hem and t hey wit h Him.)
びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ

∠ ョあラ
∀ ヲ∠ ∇ッケ͡ ヱ∠ ぴ
(But t he great est bliss is t he good pleasure of Allah.) 9:72 We will ment ion t he Hadit hs about
t his Ayah 9:72 lat er on. Allah's st at ement ,
びユ⊥ Β͡ヌバ∠ ∇ャやコ⊥ ∇ヲヘ∠ ∇ャやマ

∠ ャ͡クぴ
(That is t he great success.) means, t his is t he great success, ot her t han which t here is no
great er success. Allah said in anot her Ayat ,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ヤヨ͡ ⇒∠バ∇ャやモ
͡ ヨ∠ ∇バΒ∠ ∇ヤプ∠ や∠グ⇒∠ワモ
͡ ∇んヨ͡ ャ͡ぴ
(For t he like of t his let t he workers work.) 37:61 , and,
びラ
∠ ヲ⊥ジヘ͡ ⇒∠レわ∠ ヨ⊥ ∇ャやザ
͡ プ∠ ゅ∠レわ∠ Β∠ ∇ヤプ∠ マ
∠ ャ͡ク∠ ヴ͡プヱ∠ ぴ
(And for t his let (all) t hose st rive who want t o st rive.) 83:26 Allah's st at ement ,
ヲ∠ ワ⊥ ヱ∠ リ
ｚヰ͡ Β͡プゅ∠ョヱ∠ チ
͡ ∇ケΙ
ｘや∠ヱれ͡ ヲ∠ ⇒∠ヨジｚャやマ
⊥ ∇ヤョ⊥ ヮ͡ ヤｚャぴ
び ∀ゲΑ͡ギ∠ホ￢∃ ∇ヴセ
∠ あモミ⊥ ヴ∠ヤハ ∠
(To Allah belongs t he dominion of t he heavens and t he eart h and all t hat is t herein, and He is
able t o do all t hings.) means, He creat ed everyt hing, owns everyt hing, cont rols t he affairs of
everyt hing and is able t o do all t hings. Theref ore, everyt hing and everyone are in His domain
and under His power and will. There is none like Him, nor is t here rival, ancest or, son, or wife
for Him, nor a lord or god besides Him. Ibn Wahb said t hat he heard Huyay bin ` Abdullah saying
t hat Abu ` Abdur-Rahman Al-Habli said t hat ` Abdullah bin ` Amr said, "The last revealed Surah
was Surat Al-Ma'idah.''
The Tafsir of Surat Al-An` am

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The Tafsir of Surah Al ` Imran

We also explained t he Tafsir of,

び∀ギΑ͡ギ∠セ ∀ゆや∠グ∠ハ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ぴ

びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルや ヱ⊥クぴ

ヴ͡プ Ι∠ ヱ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘ や ヶ͡プ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャや ラｚ ま͡ぴ

∀ろ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャや マ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

The Mutashabihat and Muhkamat Ayat

Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar comment ed on,

Therefore, Allah said,

び∀ヒ∇Α∠コ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴプ リ

びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョ ラ

びる͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや ￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よやぴ

びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ∠￢べ∠ピ͡わ∇よや∠ヱぴ

∀ろ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへ ヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ

This is t he wording recorded by Al-Bukhari.

Only Allah Knows the True Ta'wil (Interpretation) of the

Some pause aft er recit ing,

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ

びヮ⊥ ヤ⊥Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ ヴ͡ゎ∇ほΑ∠ ュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ヤ∠Α͡ヱ∇ほゎ∠ Ι

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ラ

びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃらあ ル∠ ぴ

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャや ヶ͡プ ラ

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ ラ

Allah's st at ement t hat t he knowledgeable people proclaim,

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅレｚ ョ∠ や∠￢ ラ

びゅ∠レよあ ケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあ モ

Allah said in his Ayah 3:7 ,

Allah said t hat t hey supplicat e t o t heir Lord,

びゅ∠レわ∠ ∇Αギ∠ ワ∠ ∇クま͡ ギ∠ ∇バよ∠ ゅ∠レよ∠ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ∇パゴ͡ ゎ⊥ Ι

He t hen recit ed,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ

∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ ∠Α Ι

Allah said in t his Ayah 3:10 ,

Allah said next ,

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ

On the Day of Resurrection, No Wealth or Offspring Shall Avail

Allah st at es t hat t he disbelievers shall be fuel for t he Fire,

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャや ユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ギ⊥ Αゲ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚ ま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι

∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャや ヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚや ょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚ ゲｚ ピ⊥ ∠Α Ι

Allah said in t his Ayah 3:10 ,

Allah said next ,

ユ∠ レｚ ヰ∠ ィ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ

Threatening the Jews With Defeat and Encouraging Them to Learn

Therefore, Allah said,

びり∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミ ン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ

びる∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャや ユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ

リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ ￢べ∠ジレ∂ャや リ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ヰゼ ｚ ャや ぁょェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅレｚ ヤ͡ャ リ ∠ Α∂ コ⊥ ぴ

The True Value of This Earthly Life

«る∠エャ͡ゅｚダャや り⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャや ゅ∠ヰハ

The Prophet said in anot her Hadit h,

ユ∠ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャや ユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ∀ゲを͡ ゅ∠ムョ⊥ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩∠キヲ⊥ャヲ∠ ∇ャや キ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ∠ ∇ャや やヲ⊥ィヱｚ ゴ∠ ゎ∠ »

ゲ∃ ∇イプ∠ あモミ⊥ ノ∠ ョ∠ ヮ⊥ ャ∠ ラ ⊥ ク∠ ∇ぽΑ⊥ ゅｚャま͡ ヶ ∠ よ͡ ゲ∠ ハ

Allah t hen said,

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ リあョ ゲ∃ ∇Βガ

ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョ ン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ͡ よあ ケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚ や リ

びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャや リ

びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よ ヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

The Supplication and Description of Al-Muttaqin

びゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ べ∠レルｚ ま͡ べ∠レよｚ ケ∠ ラ

Allah t hen said,

びュ∃ ゅ∠ボわ͡ ルやヱ⊥クぴ

ヴ͡プ Ι∠ ヱ∠ チ͡ ∇ケΙ ｘやヶ͡プ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ ∠ ヴ∠ヘ∇ガΑ∠ Ι ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ぴ

∀ろ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ ∠ ⇒∠わム͡ ∇ャやマ ∠ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

び∀ヒ∇Α∠コ ∇ユヰ͡ よ͡ ヲ⊥ヤホ⊥ ヴプリ

びヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヮ∠ ら∠ ⇒∠ゼゎ∠ ゅ∠ョラ

びる͡ レ∠ ∇わヘ͡ ∇ャや￢∠ べ∠ピわ͡ ∇よやぴ

∀ろ⇒∠ヨム∠ ∇エョぁ ∀ろ⇒∠Αへヮ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ょ

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プラ

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プラ

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ラ

びヮ͡ ヤ͡Α͡ヱ∇ほわ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠レ∇ゃらあル∠ ぴ

びユ͡ ∇ヤバ͡ ∇ャやヶ͡プラ

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢ラ

びヮ͡ よ͡ ゅレｚョ∠ や∠￢ラ

びゅ∠レよあケ∠ ギ͡ レ͡ハ ∇リョあモ

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Α͡ゲΑ⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι∠ ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ャ⊥ヲ∠ ∇ョぺ∠ マ

∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚゲｚピ⊥ ∠Α Ι

ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ

∇ユヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ る⊥ レ∠ ∇バヤｚ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ャ∠ヱ∠ ∇ユヰ⊥ ゎ⊥ ケ∠ グ͡ ∇バョ∠ リ

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやギ⊥ Αゲ͡ Α⊥ ゅ∠ヨルｚま͡ ∇ユワ⊥ ギ⊥ ⇒∠ャ∇ヱぺ∠ Ι

∀ノ⇒∠わ∠ョ - ギ͡ ⇒∠ヤら͡ ∇ャやヴ͡プ ∇やヱ⊥ゲヘ∠ ミ∠ リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやょ ⊥ ヤぁボ∠ ゎ∠ ∠マルｚゲｚピ⊥ ∠Α Ι

ユ∠ レｚヰ∠ ィ∠ ヴ∠ャま͡ ラ ∠ ヱ⊥ゲゼ∠ ∇エゎ⊥ ヱ∠ ラ

びり∀ ゲ∠ プ͡ ゅ∠ミン∠ゲ∇カぺ⊥ヱ∠ ぴ

びる∀ ャｚク͡ ぺ∠ ∇ユわ⊥ ル∠ぺヱ∠ ケ∃ ∇ギら∠ よ͡ ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ミ⊥ ゲ∠ ダ

リ ∠ Β͡レら∠ ∇ャや∠ヱ￢べ∠ジレ∂ャやリ ∠ ョ͡ れ ͡ ヲ∠ヰゼｚャやぁょェ ⊥ サ ͡ ゅレｚヤ͡ャリ ∠ Α∂ コ⊥ ぴ

«る∠エャ͡ゅｚダャやり⊥ ぺ∠∇ゲヨ∠ ∇ャやゅ∠ヰハ

ユ∠ ョ∠ ほ⊥∇ャやユ⊥ ム⊥ よ͡ ∀ゲを͡ ゅ∠ムョ⊥ ヶあルみ͡プ∠ ∩∠キヲ⊥ャヲ∠ ∇ャやキ∠ ヱ⊥キヲ∠ ∇ャややヲ⊥ィヱｚゴ∠ ゎ∠ »

び∇ユム⊥ ャ͡ク∠ リあョゲ∃ ∇Βガ

ゅ∠ヰわ͡ ∇エゎ∠ リ͡ョン͡ゲ∇イゎ∠ ∀ろ⇒ｚレ∠ィ ∇ユヰ͡ よあケ∠ ギ∠ レ͡ハ ∇や∇ヲボ∠ ゎｚやリ

びゲ⊥ ら∠ ∇ミぺ∠ ヮ͡ ヤｚャやリ

びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

びゅｚレョ∠ や∠￢べ∠レルｚま͡ べ∠レよｚケ∠ ラ

∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι ｚま͡ ヮ∠ ⇒∠ャま͡ Ι

∇やヲ⊥ャ∇ヱぺ⊥ヱ∠ る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャや∠ヱヲ∠ ワ⊥ Ι

びキ͡ ゅ∠らバ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀ゲΒ͡ダ∠よヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

ロ͡ グ͡ ワ∠ ∇リョ͡ ギ∀ ェ∠ ぺ∠ ヶ͡よノ⊥ ヨ∠ ∇ジΑ∠ ゅ∠ャ ∩͡ロギ͡ Β∠ よ͡ ヶ͡ジ∇ヘル∠ ヵ͡グャｚや∠ヱ»

«キ∠ヲ∇シほ∠∇ャや∠ヱゲ͡ ヨ∠ ∇ェほ∠∇ャやヴ∠ャま͡ ろ

￢⊥ べ∠ゼゎ∠ リ∠ョマ ∠ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやヴ͡ゎ∇ぽゎ⊥ マ ͡ ∇ヤヨ⊥ ∇ャやマ ∠ ヤ͡⇒∠ョユｚヰ⊥ ヤｚャやモ ͡ ホ⊥ ぴ

ラ͡ ヱ⊥キリ͡ョ￢∠ べ∠Βャ͡∇ヱぺ∠ リ ∠ Α͡ゲヘ͡ ⇒∠ム∇ャやラ ∠ ヲ⊥レョ͡ ∇ぽヨ⊥ ∇ャやグ͡ ガ ͡ わｚ Α∠ Ι

キ∠ ヲ⊥ヰΒ∠ ∇ャや ∇やヱ⊥グ͡ガわｚ ∠ゎ Ι ∠ ∇やヲ⊥レョ∠ や∠￢リ ∠ Α͡グャｚやゅ∠ヰΑぁほ∠⇒∠Αぴ

びる⇔ ⇒∠ボゎ⊥ ∇ユヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ∇やヲ⊥ボわｚゎ∠ ラ∠ぺ Ι

びゲ⊥ Β͡ダヨ∠ ∇ャやヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

びキ͡ ゅら∠ バ͡ ∇ャゅ͡よ ∀フヱ⊥￢∠ケヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱぴ

ヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

«キ∠ケヲ∠ ヰ⊥ プ∠ ゅ∠ルゲ⊥ ∇ョぺ∠ ヮ͡ ∇Βヤ∠ハ

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

びヮ⊥ ｚヤャやユ⊥ ム⊥ ∇らら͡ ∇エΑ⊥ ヴ͡ルヲ⊥バら͡ ゎｚゅ∠プヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

び∀ユΒ͡ェケｚ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビヮ⊥ ヤｚャや∠ヱ ∇ユム⊥ よ∠ ヲ⊥ルク⊥ ∇ユム⊥ ャ∠ ∇ゲヘ͡ ∇ピΑ∠ ヱ∠ ぴ

ヴ∠んル⊥ぺべ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇バッ

びユ∠ Α∠ ∇ゲョ∠ ゅ∠ヰわ⊥ ∇Βヨｚシ

«ユΒ͡ワや∠ゲ∇よま͡ ヶ͡よぺ∠ ユ͡ ∇シゅ͡よヮ⊥ わ⊥ ∇Βｚヨシ

∩͡ヮバ͡ よ͡ ゅ∠シュ∠ ∇ヲΑ∠ ヮ⊥ ∇レハ

ゅ⇔レ∠ジ∠ェゅ⇔ゎゅ∠らル∠ ゅ∠ヰわ∠ ら∠ ル∠ぺヱ∠ リ∃ジ ∠ェ ∠ メ ∃ ヲ⊥らボ∠ よ͡ ゅ∠ヰよぁケ∠ ゅ∠ヰヤ∠らｚボ∠ わ∠ プ∠ ぴ

«る∠ャゅ∠ガ∇ャやゅ∠レ∇よやゅ∠ヨワ⊥ ヱ∠ ∩ヴジΒ͡ハヱ∠ ヴ∠Β∇エΒ∠ よ͡ や∠クみ͡プ∠ »

«ュ⊥ほ∇ャやる͡ ャ∠ゴ͡ ∇レヨ∠ よ͡ る⊥ ャ∠ゅ∠ガ∇ャや»

び￢͡ べ∠ハギぁャやノ⊥ Β͡ヨシ

ゲ⊥ ら∠ ム͡ ∇ャやヶ͡レピ∠ ヤ∠よ∠ ∇ギホ∠ ヱ∠ ∀ユ⇒∠ヤビ

びる⇔ Α∠ や∠￢ヴあャモ∠バ∇ィやゆ

マ͡ ⇒∠ヘト ∠ ∇タやヮ∠ ヤｚャやラｚま͡ ユ⊥ Α∠ ∇ゲヨ∠ Α る⊥ ム∠ ゃ͡ ⇒∠ヤヨ∠ ∇ャやろ͡ ャ∠ゅ∠ホ ∇クま͡ヱ∠ ぴ

び￢⊥ べ∠ゼΑ∠ ゅ∠ョペ

- モ ∠ Β͡イル͡Ηや∠ヱり∠ や∠ケ∇ヲわｚャや∠ヱる∠ ヨ∠ ∇ムエ ͡ ∇ャや∠ヱょ

び∇ユム⊥ ゎ͡ ヲ⊥Βよ⊥ ヴ͡プラ

∇ユム⊥ よぁケ∠ ヱ∠ ヴあよケ∠ ヮ∠ ヤｚャやラ

ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハザｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

びヮ͡ ヤｚャやヴ∠ャま͡ ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ ぴ

ン͡ケゅ∠ダル∠ぺ ∇リョ∠ メ ∠ ゅ∠ホゲ∠ ∇ヘム⊥ ∇ャやユ⊥ ヰ⊥ ∇レョ͡ ヴ∠ジΒ͡ハザｚェ ∠ ぺ∠ べｚヨヤ∠プ∠ ぴ

«ゲ∇Βよ∠ ゴぁャやヶあΑケ͡ や∠ヲェ