Areva KVFG R8559C PDF

Types KVFG 122, 142
Voltage and Frequency Relays
Service Manual
R8559C
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
SAFETY SECTION
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
Safety Section Page 1/10
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. HEALTH AND SAFETY 3
3. SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT 4
3.1 Symbols 4
3.2 Labels 4
4. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING 4
5. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL 7
6. EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS 7
7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY 7
7.1 Protective fuse rating 7
7.2 Protective Class 7
7.3 Installation Category 7
7.4 Environment 8
8. CE MARKING 8
9. RECOGNIZED AND LISTED MARKS FOR NORTH AMERICA 9

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Page 2/10 Safety Section
BLANK PAGE
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1. INTRODUCTION
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment
provide full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment and
also includes descriptions of equipment label markings.
Documentation for equipment ordered from AREVA T&D is despatched separately from
manufactured goods and may not be received at the same time.
Therefore this guide is provided to ensure that printed information normally present on
equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment the user should be familiar with
the contents of this Safety Guide.
Reference should be made to the external connection diagram before the equipment is
installed, commissioned or serviced.
Language specific, self-adhesive User Interface labels are provided in a bag for some
equipment.
2. HEALTH AND SAFETY

The information in the Safety Section of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure
that equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment will be familiar with
the contents of that Safety Section, or this Safety Guide.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts
of the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may
endanger personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Qualified personnel are individuals who
are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and
of the system to which it is being connected;
are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorised to energize and de-energize equipment
and to isolate, ground, and label it;
are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety
engineering practices;
are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

The operating manual for the equipment gives instructions for its installation, commissioning,
and operation. However, the manual cannot cover all conceivable circumstances or include
detailed information on all topics. In the event of questions or specific problems, do not take
any action without proper authorization. Contact the appropriate AREVA technical sales
office and request the necessary information.
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3. SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT

For safety reasons the following symbols and external labels, which may be used on the
equipment or referred to in the equipment documentation, should be understood before the
equipment is installed or commissioned.
3.1 Symbols
Caution: refer to equipment documentation Caution: risk of electric shock
Protective Conductor (*Earth) terminal.
Functional/Protective Conductor Earth terminal

Note This symbol may also be used for a Protective Conductor (Earth) terminal if that
terminal is part of a terminal block or sub-assembly e.g. power supply.
*NOTE: THE TERM EARTH USED THROUGHOUT THIS GUIDE IS THE DIRECT
EQUIVALENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TERM GROUND.
3.2 Labels
See "Safety Guide" (SFTY/4L M) for equipment labelling information.
4. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING

Equipment connections
Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work for this
equipment should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety.
The equipment documentation should be consulted before installing,
commissioning or servicing the equipment.
Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may
present a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated.
Any disassembly of the equipment may expose parts at hazardous voltage, also
electronic parts may be damaged if suitable electrostatic voltage discharge
(ESD) precautions are not taken.
If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment, care should be taken by
all personnel to avoid electric shock or energy hazards.
Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp
terminations to ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained
for safety.
To ensure that wires are correctly terminated the correct crimp terminal and tool
for the wire size should be used.
The equipment must be connected in accordance with the appropriate
connection diagram.
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Protection Class I Equipment

- Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective
conductor terminal, if provided, or the appropriate termination of the
supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment.
- The protective conductor (earth) connection must not be removed since
the protection against electric shock provided by the equipment would
be lost.
The recommended minimum protective conductor (earth) wire size is 2.5 mm
(3.3 mm for North America) unless otherwise stated in the technical data section
of the equipment documentation, or otherwise required by local or country wiring
regulations.
The protective conductor (earth) connection must be low-inductance and as
short as possible.
All connections to the equipment must have a defined potential. Connections
that are pre-wired, but not used, should preferably be grounded when binary
inputs and output relays are isolated. When binary inputs and output relays are
connected to common potential, the pre-wired but unused connections should be
connected to the common potential of the grouped connections.
Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked:
- Voltage rating/polarity (rating label/equipment documentation);
- CT circuit rating (rating label) and integrity of connections;
- Protective fuse rating;
- Integrity of the protective conductor (earth) connection (where
applicable);
- Voltage and current rating of external wiring, applicable to the
application.
Equipment Use
If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the
protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Removal of the equipment front panel/cover
Removal of the equipment front panel/cover may expose hazardous live parts
which must not be touched until the electrical power is removed.
UL and CSA Listed or Recognized Equipment
To maintain UL and CSA approvals the equipment should be installed using UL
and/or CSA Listed or Recognized parts of the following type: connection cables,
protective fuses/fuseholders or circuit breakers, insulation crimp terminals, and
replacement internal battery, as specified in the equipment documentation.
Equipment operating conditions
The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and
environmental limits.
Current transformer circuits
Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage produced
may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation.
Generally, for safety, the secondary of the line CT must be shorted before
opening any connections to it.
For most equipment with ring-terminal connections, the threaded terminal block
for current transformer termination has automatic CT shorting on removal of the
module. Therefore external shorting of the CTs may not be required, the
equipment documentation should be checked to see if this applies.
For equipment with pin-terminal connections, the threaded terminal block for
current transformer termination does NOT have automatic CT shorting on
removal of the module.
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External resistors, including voltage dependent resistors (VDRs)

Where external resistors, including voltage dependent resistors (VDRs), are
fitted to the equipment, these may present a risk of electric shock or burns, if
touched.
Battery replacement
Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the
recommended type and be installed with the correct polarity to avoid possible
damage to the equipment, buildings and persons.
Insulation and dielectric strength testing
Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At
the end of each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero,
to discharge capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected.
Insertion of modules and pcb cards
Modules and pcb cards must not be inserted into or withdrawn from the
equipment whilst it is energised, since this may result in damage.
Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards
Extender cards are available for some equipment. If an extender card is used,
this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the equipment whilst it is
energised. This is to avoid possible shock or damage hazards. Hazardous live
voltages may be accessible on the extender card.
Insertion and withdrawal of integral heavy current test plugs
It is possible to use an integral heavy current test plug with some equipment.
CT shorting links must be in place before insertion or removal of heavy current
test plugs, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
External test blocks and test plugs
Great care should be taken when using external test blocks and test plugs such
as the MMLG, MMLB and MiCOM P990 types, hazardous voltages may be
accessible when using these. *CT shorting links must be in place before the
insertion or removal of MMLB test plugs, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
*Note when a MiCOM P992 Test Plug is inserted into the MiCOM P991 Test
Block, the secondaries of the line CTs are automatically shorted, making them
safe.
Fibre optic communication
Where fibre optic communication devices are fitted, these should not be viewed
directly. Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or
signal level of the device.
Cleaning
The equipment may be cleaned using a lint free cloth dampened with clean
water, when no connections are energised. Contact fingers of test plugs are
normally protected by petroleum jelly which should not be removed.
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5. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL

Decommissioning:
The supply input (auxiliary) for the equipment may include capacitors across the
supply or to earth. To avoid electric shock or energy hazards, after completely
isolating the supplies to the equipment (both poles of any dc supply), the
capacitors should be safely discharged via the external terminals prior to
decommissioning.
Disposal:
It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided.
The equipment should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any equipment
containing batteries should have them removed before disposal, taking
precautions to avoid short circuits. Particular regulations within the country of
operation, may apply to the disposal of batteries.
6. EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS

Electrical adjustments
It is possible to change current or voltage settings on some equipment by direct
physical adjustment e.g. adjustment of a plug-bridge setting. The electrical power
should be removed before making any change, to avoid the risk of electric shock.
Exposure of live parts
Removal of the cover may expose hazardous live parts such as relay contacts,
these should not be touched before removing the electrical power.
7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY

7.1 Protective fuse rating
The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for equipments is 16A,
high rupture capacity (HRC) Red Spot type NIT, or TIA, or equivalent, unless otherwise
stated in the technical data section of the equipment documentation. The protective fuse
should be located as close to the unit as possible.
DANGER - CTs must NOT be fused since open circuiting them may
produce lethal hazardous voltages.
7.2 Protective Class

IEC 61010-1: 2001 Class I (unless otherwise specified in the equipment
EN 61010-1: 2001 documentation). This equipment requires a protective
conductor (earth) connection to ensure user safety.
7.3 Installation Category

IEC 61010-1: 2001 Installation Category III (Overvoltage Category III):
EN 61010-1: 2001
Distribution level, fixed installation.
Equipment in this category is qualification tested at
5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 500, 0.5J, between all
supply circuits and earth and also between
independent circuits
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7.4 Environment
The equipment is intended for indoor installation and use only. If it is required for use in an
outdoor environment then it must be mounted in a specific cabinet or housing which will
enable it to meet the requirements of IEC 60529 with the classification of degree of
protection IP54 (dust and splashing water protected).
Pollution Degree Pollution Compliance is demonstrated by reference to safety

Degree 2 standards.
Altitude operation up to
2000 m
IEC 61010-1: 2001
EN 61010-1: 2001
8. CE MARKING
Compliance with all relevant European
Marking Community directives:
Product safety: Compliance demonstrated by reference to

Low Voltage Directive - 73/23/EEC safety standards.
amended by 93/68/EEC
EN 61010-1: 2001
EN 60950-1: 2001
EN 60255-5: 2001
IEC 60664-1: 2001
Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive Compliance demonstrated via the Technical

(EMC) 89/336/EEC amended by Construction File route.
93/68/EEC.
The following Product Specific Standard
was used to establish conformity:
EN 50263 : 2000
Where applicable :
The equipment is compliant with Article 1(2) of

European directive 94/9/EC. It is approved for operation
outside an ATEX hazardous area. It is however
II (2) G approved for connection to Increased Safety, Ex e,
motors with rated ATEX protection, Equipment Category
2, to ensure their safe operation in gas Zones 1 and 2
hazardous areas.
ATEX Potentially Explosive CAUTION Equipment with this marking is not itself
Atmospheres directive suitable for operation within a potentially explosive
94/9/EC, for equipment. atmosphere.
Compliance demonstrated by Notified Body certificates
of compliance.
Radio and Compliance demonstrated by compliance to the Low

Telecommunications Terminal Voltage Directive, 73/23/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC,
Equipment (R & TTE) down to zero volts, by reference to safety standards.
directive 95/5/EC.
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9. RECOGNIZED AND LISTED MARKS FOR NORTH AMERICA

CSA - Canadian Standards Association
UL - Underwriters Laboratory of America
UL Recognized to UL (USA) requirements
UL Recognized to UL (USA) and CSA (Canada) requirements
UL Listed to UL (USA) requirements
UL Listed to UL (USA) and CSA (Canada) requirements
Certified to CSA (Canada) requirements

Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
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SERVICE MANUAL R8559B
KVFG 122, 142 Contents
SAFETY SECTION
THIS MUST BE READ BEFORE ANY WORK IS CARRIED OUT ON THE RELAY
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION
CHAPTER 3 RELAY DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION OF PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
CHAPTER 5 MEASUREMENT AND RECORDS
CHAPTER 6 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
CHAPTER 7 TECHNICAL DATA
CHAPTER 8 COMMISSIONING
APPENDIX 1 LOGIC DIAGRAMS
APPENDIX 2 CONNECTION DIAGRAMS
APPENDIX 3 COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD
Our policy is one of continuous product development and the right is reserved to supply equipment
which may vary from that described.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Chapter 1
Introduction
KVFG 122, 142 Chapter 1
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. USING THE MANUAL 1
3. AN INTRODUCTION TO KVFG RELAYS 2
4. MODELS AVAILABLE AND MAIN FEATURES 2
5. AVAILABILITY OF MAIN FEATURES 3
Page 1 of 3
Section 1. INTRODUCTION
The KVFG relay provides comprehensive voltage protection for phase and earth
faults together with measurements, communications, control and recording
facilities. In addition, the relay incorporates frequency elements. As part of the
K Range of relays, the KVFG can be integrated into an overall protection and
control system by utilising its serial communications, thereby providing information
for day to day management of power systems.
This manual details the menu, functions and logic for the KVFG relays.
Section 2. USING THE MANUAL
This manual provides a description of the KVFG relays. It is intended to guide the
user through application, installation, setting and commissioning of the relays.
The manual has the following format:
Chapter 1. Introduction
An introduction on how to use this manual and a general
introduction to the relays covered by the manual.
Chapter 2. Handling and installation
Precautions to be taken when handling electronic equipment
Chapter 3. Relay description
A detailed description of features that are common to all
KVFG relays.
Chapter 4. Application of protection functions
An introduction to the applications of the relays and special
features provided.
Chapter 5. Measurements and records
How to customise the measurements and use the recording features.
Chapter 6. Serial communications
Hints on using the serial communication feature.
Chapter 7. Technical data
Comprehensive details on the ratings, setting ranges and
specifications etc.
Chapter 8. Commissioning
A guide to commissioning, problem solving and maintenance.
Appendix Appendices include relay logic diagrams, connection diagrams
and commissioning test records.
Page 2 of 3
Section 3. AN INTRODUCTION TO KVFG RELAYS
The KVFG protection relays brings numerical technology to the successful Midos
range of protection relays. Fully compatible with the existing designs and sharing
the same modular housing concept, the relays offer more comprehensive protection
for demanding applications.
The KVFG relays provide voltage and frequency protection for power distribution
systems, industrial power systems and all other applications where voltage or
frequency protection is required. All voltage elements are selectable to operate for
either under or overvoltage conditions, and can be selected to only operate for
three phase conditions, or more normally for any one phase. Phase segregated
outputs are available to provide comprehensive indications to the user.
Neutral voltage displacement (residual overvoltage) protection is also provided
and can either use a calculated or measured value (depending upon relay model
and application). All frequency elements are selectable to operate for either under
or over frequency conditions.
Integral features in KVFG relays include negative phase sequence overvoltage,
undervoltage blocking, load shedding capabilities and two alternative groups of
predetermined settings. The relays also have integral serial communication facilities
via K-Bus.
Section 4. MODELS AVAILABLE AND MAIN FEATURES
Two versions of the KVFG are available:

KVFG 122 Two pole voltage/frequency relay
KVFG 142 Four pole voltage/frequency relay
The KVFG 122, due to its limited analogue inputs offers functionality which is
highly dependent upon its connection. Two operation modes are available, set
according to system data function link SDA. With SDA = 1, the relay is intended
for neutral voltage displacement applications, whereas with SDA = 0 the relay is
intended for phase-phase voltage/frequency protection.
The KVFG 142 has four analogue input circuits and therefore offers a complete
range of protection functions, only dependent upon the protection VT.
The following table lists the features that vary between the two models, with the
mode of operation for the KVFG 122 also being considered.
Page 3 of 3
Section 5. AVAILABILITY OF MAIN FEATURES
Feature KVFG 122 KVFG142
SDA = 0 SDA = 1
Protection
Undervoltage 1
Overvoltage 1
Neutral voltage displacement
Underfrequency 1
Overfrequency 1
Negative sequence overvoltage
Measurement
Frequency 1
Voltage (phase-phase) 1
Voltage (phase-neutral) 1
Residual voltage
Positive sequence voltage
Negative sequence voltage
CB operations
Programmable Inputs/Outputs
Logic inputs 3 3 8
Output relays 4 4 8
Note: indicates that a function is always available.

1 indicates that this function will only be available if the 'spare' input is connected
to a suitable voltage input.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Chapter 2
Handling and Installation
Contents
1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1
1.1 Receipt of relays 1
1.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 1
2. HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 1
3. RELAY MOUNTING 2
4. UNPACKING 2
5. STORAGE 3
Page 1 of 3
Section 1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 Receipt of relays

Protective relays, although generally of robust construction, require careful
treatment prior to installation on site. Upon receipt, relays should be examined
immediately to ensure no damage has been sustained in transit. If damage has
been sustained during transit a claim should be made to the transport contractor
and AREVA T&D should be promptly notified.
Relays that are supplied unmounted and not intended for immediate installation
should be returned to their protective polythene bags.
1.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
The relays use components that are sensitive to electrostatic discharges.
The electronic circuits are well protected by the metal case and the internal module
should not be withdrawn unnecessarily. When handling the module outside its
case, care should be taken to avoid contact with components and electrical
connections. If removed from the case for storage, the module should be placed in
an electrically conducting antistatic bag.
There are no setting adjustments within the module and it is advised that it is not
unnecessarily disassembled. Although the printed circuit boards are plugged
together, the connectors are a manufacturing aid and not intended for frequent
dismantling; in fact considerable effort may be required to separate them. Touching
the printed circuit board should be avoided, since complementary metal oxide
semiconductors (CMOS) are used, which can be damaged by static electricity
discharged from the body.
Section 2. HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
A persons normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several

thousand volts. Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when
handling electronic circuits can cause serious damage, which often may not be
immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced.
The electronic circuits are completely safe from electrostatic discharge when
housed in the case. Do not expose them to risk of damage by withdrawing
modules unnecessarily.
Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor
devices. However, if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module, the folowing
precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which
the equipment has been designed and manufactured.
1. Before removing a module, ensure that you are at the same electrostatic
potential as the equipment by touching the case.
2. Handle the module by its frontplate, frame or edges of the printed circuit board.
Avoid touching the electronic componenets, printed circuit track or connectors.
3. Do not pass the module to another person without first ensuring you are both at
the same electrostatic potential. Shaking hands achieves equipotential.
Page 2 of 3
4. Place the module on an antistatic surface, or on a conducting surface which is

at the same potential as yourself.
5. Store or transport the module in a conductive bag.
If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an
equipment in service, it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a
conductive wrist strap. Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between
500k 10M.
If a wrist strap is not available you should maintain regular contact with the case to
prevent a build-up of static. Instrumentation which may be used for making
measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible.
More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be
found in BS5783 and IEC 60147-OF. It is strongly recommended that detailed
investigations on electronic circuitry or modification work should be carried out in
a special handling area such as described in the above-mentioned BS and IEC
documents.
Section 3. RELAY MOUNTING
Relays are dispatched either individually or as part of a panel/rack assembly.

If loose relays are to be assembled into a scheme, then construction details can be
found in Publication R7012. If an MMLG test block is to be included it should be
positioned at the right-hand side of the assembly (viewed from the front). Modules
should remain protected by their metal case during assembly into a panel or rack.
The design of the relay is such that the fixing holes are accessible without removal
of the cover. For individually mounted relays an outline diagram is normally
supplied showing the panel cut-outs and hole centres. These dimensions will also
be found in Publication R6559.
Section 4. UNPACKING
Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the relays so that none of the
parts is damaged or the settings altered. Relays must only be handled by skilled
persons. The installation should be clean, dry and reasonably free from dust and
excessive vibration. The site should be well lit to facilitate inspection. Relays that
have been removed from their cases should not be left in situations where they are
exposed to dust or damp. This particularly applies to installations which are being
carried out at the same time as construction work.
Page 3 of 3
Section 5. STORAGE
If relays are not to be installed immediately upon receipt they should be stored in a
place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons. Where de-humidifier
bags have been included in the packing they should be retained. The action of the
de-humidifier crystals will be impaired if the bag has been exposed to ambient
conditions and may be restored by gently heating the bag for about an hour, prior
to replacing it in the carton.
Dust which collects on a carton may, on subsequent unpacking, find its way into
the relay; in damp conditions the carton and packing may become impregnated
with moisture and the de-humifier will lose its efficiency.
Storage temperature 25C to +70C.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Chapter 3
Relay Description
Contents
1. RELAY DESCRIPTION 1
2. USER INTERFACE 2
2.1 Frontplate layout 2
2.2 LED indications 3
2.3 Keypad 3
2.4 Liquid crystal display 3
2.5 Flag display format 3
3. MENU SYSTEM 5
3.1 Default display 5
3.2 Accessing the menu 5
3.3 Menu contents 6
3.4 Menu columns 6
3.5 System data 7
3.6 Fault records 8
3.7 Measurements 1 8
3.8 Measurements 2 9
3.9 Neutral displacement 1 9
3.10 Under/overvoltage 1 10
3.11 Under/overfrequency 1 11
3.12 Negative sequence 1 12
3.13 Neutral displacement 2 13
3.14 Under/overvoltage 2 13
3.15 Under/overfrequency 2 15
3.16 Negative sequence 2 16
3.17 Logic 16
3.18 Input masks 17
3.19 Relay masks 18
3.20 Recorder 19
4 CHANGING TEXT AND SETTINGS 21
4.1 Quick guide to menu controls 21
4.2 To enter setting mode 22
4.3 To escape from the setting mode 22
4.4 To accept the new setting 22
4.5 Password protection 23
4.6 Entering passwords 23
4.7 Changing passwords 23
4.8 Restoration of password protection 24
4.9 Entering text 24
4.10 Changing function links 24
4.11 Changing setting values 24
4.12 Setting communication address 25
4.13 Setting input masks 25
4.14 Setting output masks 25
4.15 Resetting values and records 25
4.16 Resetting trip LED indication 26
4.17 Selecting default display 26
Contents
5 EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS 27
5.1 Auxiliary supply 28
5.2 Logic control inputs 28
5.2 Analogue inputs 29
5.4 Output relays 29
5.5 Ouput relay minimum dwell time 30
5.6 Setting the relay with a PC or laptop 30
6. ALARM FLAGS 30
Page 1 of 30
Section 1. RELAY DESCRIPTION
The KVFG 122 and KVFG 142 relays use numerical techniques to derive
protection and control functions. The KVFG 142 has four multiplexed analogue
inputs whilst the KVFG 122 has two, each is sampled eight times per power
frequency cycle. The Fourier derived power frequency component returns the rms
value of the measured quantity. To ensure optimum performance, frequency
tracking is used. The channel that is tracked is chosen on a priority basis, Va, Vb,
Vc. Frequency tracking is not employed on the residual voltage to ensure maximum
harmonic rejection. In the absence of a signal to frequency track, the sampling
frequency defaults to the rated frequency of the power system.
The KVFG 142 has eight output relays and eight logic inputs, the KVFG 122 has
four relay outputs and three logic inputs. Each output relay can be programmed to
respond to any of the protection or control functions, logic inputs can be allocated
to initiate control functions. The logic inputs are filtered to ensure that induced ac
current in the external wiring to these inputs does not cause an incorrect response.
Software links further enable the user to customise the product for their own
particular applications. They select/interconnect the various protection and control
elements and replace the interconnections that were previously used between the
cases of relays that provided discrete protection or control functions.
The relays are powered from either a dc or an ac auxiliary supply which is
transformed by a wide ranging dc/dc converter within the relay. This provides the
electronic circuits with regulated and galvanically isolated supply rails.
The power supply also provides a regulated and isolated field voltage to energise
the logic inputs.
An interface on the front of the relay allows the user to navigate through the menu
to access data, change settings and reset flags, etc. As an alternative the relays
can be connected to a computer via their serial communication ports and the menu
accessed on-line. This provides a more friendly and intuitive method of setting the
relay, as it allows a whole column of data to be displayed at one time instead of
just a single menu cell. Computer programs are also available that enable setting
files to be generated off-line and these files can then be downloaded to the relay
via the serial port.
In addition to protection and control functions the relays can display all the values
that it measures and many additional ones that it calculates. They also store useful
time stamped data for post fault analysis in fault records, event records and
disturbance records. This data is available via a serial communication port for
access locally and/or remotely with a computer. The fault records, event records
and disturbance records can be extracted automatically via the serial port and
values can be polled periodically to determine trends. Remote control actions can
also be made and to this end many K Range relays have been integrated into
SCADA systems.
K Range relays provide the user with the flexibility to customise the relay for their
particular applications. They provide many additional features that would be
expensive to produce on an individual basis and, when the low installation costs
are taken into account, it will be seen to provide an economic solution for
protection and control.
Page 2 of 30
Section 2. USER INTERFACE
The front plate of the relay provides a man machine interface providing the user
with a means of entering settings to the relay displaying measured values, fault
records and alarms. The series 2 relays have additional graphics to assist the user.
The area in which the fault flags are displayed is divided up to denote the area
associated with each tripping function.
2.1 Frontplate layout
Model number
Relay types
KVFG142
KVFG142 167342J
Serial number
Liquid SETTING GROUP
FAULT No
Va/Vab Vb/Vbc V2
crystal
F n _ 2G2 1 2 34 1 2 3 4 1 2
display
R T 12 34 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FREQUENCY Vc/Vca Vo AUX
STAGE 1
STAGE 2 Digit identifiers
STAGE 3
Flag identifiers
ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY
Entry keys
LED indicators
F + - 0
RESET
Ratings
Vx 24/125V
Vn 110V 50/60 Hz
Figure 1. Frontplate layout
The frontplate of the relay carries a liquid crystal display (LCD) on which data such
as settings and measured values can be viewed. The data is accessed through a
menu system. The four keys [F]; [+]; [] and [0] are used to move around the menu,
select the data to be accessed and enter settings. Three light emitting diodes (LEDs)
indicate alarm, healthy and trip conditions.
A label at the top corner identifies the relay by both its model number and serial
number. This information uniquely specifies the product and is required when
making any enquiry to the factory about a particular relay. In addition there is a
rating label in the bottom corner which gives details of the auxiliary voltage and
reference voltage. Two handles, one at the top and one at the bottom of the
frontplate, will assist in removing the module from the case.
Page 3 of 30
2.2 LED indications

The three LEDs provide the following functions:
GREEN LED Indicates the relay is powered up and running.
YELLOW LED Indicates alarm conditions that have been detected by the relay
during its self checking routine. The alarm lamp flashes when the
password is entered (password inhibition temporarily overridden).
RED LED Indicates a trip that has been issued by the relay. This may be a
protection trip or result from a remote trip command; this can be
determined by viewing the trip flags.
2.3 Keypad
The four keys perform the following functions:
[F] function select/digit select key/next column
[+] put in setting mode/increment value/accept key/previous column
[] put in setting mode/decrement value/reject key/next column
[0] reset/escape/change default display key
Note: Only the [F] and [0] keys are accessible when the relay cover is in place.
2.4 Liquid crystal display
The liquid crystal display has two lines each of sixteen characters. A back-light is
activated when any key on the frontplate is momentarily pressed and will remain lit
until ten minutes after the last key press. This enables the display to be read in all
conditions of ambient lighting.
The numbers printed on the frontplate just below the display, identify the individual
digits that are displayed for some of the settings, ie. function links, relay masks etc.
Additional text around the display is used to define the areas in which the various
parts of the fault information will be found.
2.5 Flag display format
Now that there are five full fault records the top four left-hand digits no longer
display Fn, Fn-1, . . . Fn-4 to denote the last and previous fault flags.
Instead they now display Fn to indicate latched fault flags and Fnow to
indicate unlatched flags (when cell 0023 is selected from the System Data column).
The next two digits indicate the setting group that was in operation during the fault
when Fn is displayed eg. G1 indicates setting group 1 and G2 indicates
setting group 2. When Fnow is displayed then the setting group is that which is
currently active.
The majority of the rest of the display area is shared by six tripping functions and
auxiliary timer information. The information relavant to each function is delimited
by vertical lines. There are up to four characters on the display associated with
each of these areas. Each is used to flag the operation of protection stages
allocated to each function.
Page 4 of 30
SETTING GROUP
Va/Vab Vb/Vbc V2
FAULT No
F n _ 2G2 1 2 34 1 2 3 4 1 2
R T 12 34 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FREQUENCY Vo/Vca Vo AUX
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY
Figure 2. Flag display format
As an example, consider the four character locations below the area marked
|Va/Vab|. If a trip condition occurs involving phase A. Then one or more
characters will be displayed. These characters can have one of four values, 1,
2, 3 or 4. Each digit flags the protection stage that has operated. It should be
noted that each stage is independent of each other eg., stage 4 is not required to
have a greater setting than stage 1.
Flag information is similarly provided for the other five tripping functions, Vb/Vbc,
V2, Frequency, Vc/Vca and Vo. It should be noted that not all tripping functions
are allocated four stages, V2 and Vo has two and three, respectively.
Three auxiliary timers are available AUX1, AUX2 and AUX3. The operation of one
or more of the timers is denoted by the digits displayed in the three character
locations above the area marked |AUX|.
The final area of the fault display is utilised to indicate the remote trip operation of
a circuit breaker. The characters RT appear in the lower left most area of the
display when a remote trip has been generated.
Page 5 of 30
Section 3. MENU SYSTEM
Data within the relays is accessed via a menu table. The table is comprised of cells
arranged in rows and columns, like a spreadsheet. A cell may contain text values
limits or functions. The first cell in a column, the column heading, contains text
identifying the data grouped under it in that column.
3.1 Default display
The selected default display will normally show on the LCD and a momentary press
of the function key [F] will change the display to the heading for the first column,
SYSTEM DATA. Further momentary presses of the [F] key will step down the
column, row by row, so that data may be read. If at any time the [F] key is pressed
and held for one second the cursor will be moved to the top of the next column
and the heading for that column will be displayed. Further momentary presses of
the [F] key will then move down the new column, row by row.
Pressing the [F] and [0] keys together and holding for one second can be used to
step back up the menu column. A short press of the [0] key will switch on the back
light for the LCD without changing the display in any way. In this way the full menu
may be scanned with just the [F] and [0] keys that are accessible with the relay
cover in place, and reset actions can be effected.
Following a protection trip the red trip LED will be lit. The display will change
automatically from the default display to that of the fault flags for the last fault.
Whilst the fault flags are displayed the trip LED can be reset by holding down the
[0] for at least one second. The trip LED will be reset and the display will change to
the default display that was last selected. The flag information will not be lost by
this action, it can still be accessed under FAULT RECORDS.
The display will not default to the flag information if the user interface is in use at
the time. The default display will return 15 minutes after the last key press, or it can
be selected more quickly by moving to any column heading and then pressing the
[0] key for 1 second. The selected default display will appear unless there has
been a fault when the fault flags will be displayed. It is possible to step through the
available default displays by momentary presses of the reset key [0].
3.2 Accessing the menu
The only settings which can be changed with the cover in place are those that can
be reset either to zero or some preset value. To change any other settings the cover
must be removed from the relay to gain access to the [+] and [] keys that are used
to increment or decrement a value. When a column heading is displayed the []
key will change the display to the next column and the [+] key will change the
display to the previous column, giving a faster selection.
When a cell that can be changed is displayed the action of pressing either the [+]
or [] keys will put the relay in setting mode (indicated by a flashing cursor in the
display). To escape from the setting mode without making any change the [0] key
should be depressed for one second. Section 4 gives instructions for changing the
various types of settings.
Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay because
an accidental change could seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its
intended functions. Configuration settings include the selection of time curves,
function links, VT ratios, opto-input and relay output allocation. Individual
protection settings are protected from change when the relay cover is in place.
Page 6 of 30
3.3 Menu contents

Related data and settings are grouped in separate columns of the menu.
Each column has a text heading (in capital letters) that identifies the data contained
in that column. Each cell may contain text, values, limits and/or a function.
The cells are referenced by the column number/row number. For example 0201 is
column 02, row 01. When a cell is displayed the four characters at the top left
hand corner of the LCD indicate the column number and row number in the menu
table.
The full menu is given in the following tables, but not all of the menu items listed
will be available in a particular relay. Certain settings will disappear from the
menu when the user de-selects them; the alternative setting group is a typical
example, if group 2 settings have not been enabled, ie. the system data link SD4 is
set to 0, then the menu columns NEUT DISP 2, UV/OV 2, UF/OF 2 and NEG
SEQ 2 will not be visible. Additionally the KVFG 122 can be configured in one of
two modes either as two phase to phase or neutral displacement plus phase-neutral
or phase-phase measurement. In the first case no NEUT DISP cells will be visible
and in the later the NEG SEQ cells will not be visible.
3.4 Menu columns
Column Heading Description
Number
00 SYSTEM DATA Settings and data for the system
relay and serial communications
01 FLT RECORDS Fault records for the last five faults
02 MEASURE 1 Directly measured quantities (Va, Vb, Vc, Vo etc.)
03 MEASURE 2 Calculated quantities (V1, V2 etc.)
04 NEUT DISP 1 Neutral displacement protection settings group 1
05 UV/OV 1 Under/overvoltage protection settings group 1
06 UF/OF 1 Under/overfrequency protection settings group 1
07 NEG SEQ 1 Negative sequence protection settings group 1
08 NEUT DISP 2 Neutral displacement protection settings group 2
09 UV/OV 2 Under/overvoltage protection settings group 2
0A UF/OF 2 Under/overfrequency protection settings group 2
0B NEG SEQ 2 Negative sequence protection settings group 2
0C LOGIC Settings for miscellaneous functions used in the logic
0D INPUT MASKS User assigned allocation of logic input
0E RELAY MASKS User assigned allocation of output relays
0F RECORDER Settings for the disturbance recorder
The menu cells that are read only are marked [READ].
Cells that can be set are marked [SET].
Cells that can be reset are marked [RESET].
Cells that are password protected are marked [PWP].
Page 7 of 30
3.5 System data

Display Status Description
0000 SYSTEM DATA READ Column heading
0002 Password PWP Password that must be entered before certain settings
may be changed
0003 SD Links PWP Function links that enable the user to activate options
required
0 Rem ChgStg 1= enable remote setting changes
2 Rem CB Ctrl 1= enable remote control of circuit breaker
3 Rem ChgGrp 1= enable remote change of setting group
4 En Grp2 1= enable group 2 settings to be used and displayed
5 FlagReset 1= enable flags to be reset automatically
7 Log Evts 1= enable logic inputs and output relay status to be
stored in event records
8 Aut Rec Rst 1= enable automatic reset for disturbance recorder
9 CBcloseRst 1= enable circuit breaker close pulse to be terminated
by a trip signal
A OP Mode KVFG 122 only
0 = selects 3 phase measurement mode
1= selects Vo plus 1 phase to neutral or 1 phase to
phase measurement mode
0004 Description PWP Product description user programmable text
0005 Plant PWP Plant reference user programmable text
0006 Model READ Model number that defines the product
0008 Serial No. READ Serial number unique number identifying the
particular product
0009 Freq SET Default sampling frequency must be set to power
system frequency
000A Comms Level READ Indicates the Courier communications level supported
by the product
000B Rly Address SET Communication address (1 to 255)
000C Plnt Status READ Binary word used to indicate the status of circuit
breakers and isolators
000D Ctrl Status READ Binary word used to indicate the status of control data
000E Grp Now READ Indicates the active setting group
000F LS Stage READ Indicates the last received load shedding command
0010 CB Control SET Indicates the status of the circuit breaker control
0011 Software READ Software reference for the product
0020 Log Status READ Indicates the current status of all the logic inputs
0021 Rly Status READ Indicates the current status of all the output relay drives
Page 8 of 30
0022 Alarms READ Indicates the current state of internal alarms

0 Uncfg READ Error in factory configuration settings
1 Uncalib READ Operating in uncalibrated state
2 Setting READ Error detected in stored settings
3 No Service READ Protection out-of-service and not functioning
4 No Samples READ No A/D samples but still in service
5 No Fourier READ Fourier is not being performed
6 Test Wdog SET Test watchdog by setting this bit to 1
7 CB ops READ CB reached set number of operations
0023 Fnow READ Indicates the current status of the fault flags (these flags
are not latched)
3.6 Fault records

0100 FLT RECORDS READ Column heading
0101 Fault No 1 SET Number of fault record displayed may be selected
(Fn to Fn4; Fn4 is the oldest)
0102 Fn G1 READ Flags (latched) indicating the functions that operated
during the fault
0103 Va READ Phase A voltage measured during the fault
0104 Vb READ Phase B voltage measured during the fault
0105 Vc READ Phase C voltage measured during the fault
0107 V2 READ Highest value of negative sequence voltage during
the fault
0108 Freq READ Measured frequency during the fault
010A Vab READ Value of Vab during the fault
010B Vbc READ Value of Vbc during the fault
010C Vca READ Value of Vca during the fault
010D Vo READ Highest value of residual voltage measured during
the fault
0110 Clear = 0 RESET Press [0] key to clear the fault records when this cell is
displayed
3.7 Measurements 1
0200 MEASURE 1 READ Column heading
0205 Vab READ Measured phase to phase voltage Vab
0206 Vbc READ Measured phase to phase voltage Vbc
0207 Vca READ Measured phase to phase voltage Vca
0208 Va READ Measured phase to neutral voltage Va
Page 9 of 30
0209 Vb READ Measured phase to neutral voltage Vb

020A Vc READ Measured phase to neutral voltage Vc
020B Vo READ Measured residual voltage Vo
020C F READ Measured frequency
3.8 Measurements 2
0300 MEASURE 2 READ Column heading
0305 V1 READ Calculated positive sequence voltage V1
0306 V2 READ Calculated negative sequence voltage V2
0310 CB ops RESET Total number of CB operations
3.9 Neutral displacement 1

0400 NEUT DISP 1 READ Column heading
0401 ND Links PWP Software links to select the optional neutral voltage
displacement functions
0 1Vo 1= enable stage 1 neutral voltage displacement
3 Vo calc 1= enable Vo calculation and ignore Vo input
(KVFG 142 only, unsettable otherwise)
0402 VT Ratio PWP Overall ratio of the voltage transformer feeding the
relay
0403 1Vo SET Voltage setting for stage 1 neutral voltage displacement
0404 1VoChar PWP Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or
inverse)
0405 1tVo SET Time delay to be used for stage 1
0406 1Vo (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 1
inverse)
040A 2Vo (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 2
040B 3Vo SET Voltage setting for stage 3 neutral voltage displacement
040C 3VoChar PWP Selected characteristic for stage 3 (definite time or
inverse)
040D 3tVo SET Time delay to be used for stage 3
040E 3Vo (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 3
Page 10 of 30
3.10 Under/overvoltage 1
0500 UV/OV 1 READ Column heading
0501 VF Links PWP Software links to select the optional under/overvoltage
functions
0 1V Enable 1= enable stage 1 under/overvoltage protection
1 1V Under 1= stage 1 element used for undervoltage protection;
0 = stage 1 element used for overvoltage protection
2 1V all=1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 1 setting
0 = output for any phases below/above stage 1
setting
5 2V all = 1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 2 setting
setting
setting
9 4V Enable 1=enable stage 4 under/overvoltage protection
A 4V Under 1=stage 4 element used for undervoltage protection;
0=stage 4 element used for overvoltage protection
B 4V all = 1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 4 setting
setting
C Ph-N = 1 1= use phase to neutral voltages for protection
0 = use phase to phase voltages for protection
This applies to KVFG 142 and KVFG 122 with
SDA = 1
D UV Block 1= enable blocking of all undervoltage elements when
measured voltage is below 15V
relay
0503 1V SET Voltage setting for stage 1 under/overvoltage
protection
0504 1V Char PWP Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or
inverse)
Page 11 of 30
0505 1tV SET Time delay to be used for stage 1

0506 1V (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 1
protection
inverse)
050A 2V (tms) SET Time delay to be used for stage 2
050B 3V SET Voltage setting for stage 3 under/overvoltage
protection
050C 3V Char PWP Selected characteristic for stage 3 (definite time or
inverse)
050D 3tV SET Time delay to be used for stage 3
050E 3V (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 3
050F 4V SET Voltage setting for stage 4 under/overvoltage
protection
inverse)
3.11 Under/overfrequency 1
0600 UF/OF 1 READ Column heading
0601 FF Links PWP Software links to select the optional under/
overfrequency functions
0 1F Enable 1= enable stage 1 under/overfrequency protection
1 1F Under 1= stage 1 element used for underfrequency
protection;
0 = stage 1 element used for overfrequency
protection
protection;
protection
protection;
protection
Page 12 of 30

protection;
protection
0603 1F SET Frequency setting for stage 1 under/overfrequency
protection
0604 1tF SET Definite time delay for stage 1
protection
protection
protection
060A 4tF SET Definite time delay for stage 4
3.12 Negative sequence 1

0700 NEG SEQ 1 READ Column heading
0701 NS Links PWP Software links to select the optional negative sequence
voltage functions
0 1V2 1= enable stage 1 negative sequence overvoltage
2 V2 Block 1= block close pulse when negative sequence voltage
above V2 Cl Bl setting
0702 1V2 SET Voltage setting for stage 1 negative sequence
overvoltage
0703 1V2Char PWP Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or
inverse)
0704 1tV2 SET Time delay to be used for stage 1
0705 1V2 (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 1
0706 2V2 SET Voltage setting for stage 2 negative sequence
overvoltage
0707 2V2Char PWP Selected characteristic for stage 2 (definite time or
inverse)
0708 2tV2 SET Time delay to be used for stage 2
0709 2V2 (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 2
070A V2 Cl Bl SET Negative sequence voltage threshold to block a close
pulse
Page 13 of 30
3.13 Neutral displacement 2

0800 NEUT DISP 2 READ Column heading
0801 ND Links PWP Software links to select the optional neutral voltage
displacement functions
3 Vo calc 1= enable Vo calculation and ignore Vo input
(KVFG 142 only, unsettable otherwise)
relay
inverse)
0806 1Vo (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 1
inverse)
080A 2Vo (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 2
080B 3Vo SET Voltage setting for stage 3 neutral voltage displacement
080C 3VoChar PWP Selected characteristic for stage 3 (definite time or
inverse)
080D 3tVo SET Time delay to be used for stage 3
080E 3Vo (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 3
3.14 Under/overvoltage 2
0900 UV/OV 2 READ Column heading
0901 VF Links PWP Software links to select the optional under/overvoltage
functions
2 1V all =1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 1 setting
setting
Page 14 of 30

setting
setting
A 4V Under 1= stage 4 element used for undervoltage protection;
B 4V all=1 1= output for all phase below/above stage 4 setting
setting
C Ph-N=1 1= use phase to neutral voltages for protection
0 = use phase to phase voltages for protection
This applies to KVFG 142 and KVFG 122 with
SDA = 1
D UV Block 1= enable blocking of all undervoltage elements when
measured voltage is below 15V
relay
protection
inverse)
protection
inverse)
090A 2V (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 2
090B 3V SET Voltage setting for stage 3 under/overvoltage
protection
090C 3V Char PWP Selected characteristic for stage 3 (definite time or
inverse)
Page 15 of 30
090D 3tV SET Time delay to be used for stage 3

090E 3V (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 3
090F 4V SET Voltage setting for stage 4 under/overvoltage
protection
inverse)
3.15 Under/overfrequency 2
0A00 UF/OF 2 READ Column heading
0A01 FF Links PWP Software links to select the optional under/
overfrequency functions
protection;
protection
protection;
protection
protection;
protection
protection;
protection
0A03 1F SET Frequency setting for stage 1 under/overfrequency
protection
0A04 1tF SET Definite time delay for stage 1
protection
protection
Page 16 of 30

protection
0A0A 4tF SET Definite time delay for stage 4
3.16 Negative sequence 2

0B00 NEG SEQ 2 READ Column heading
0B01 NS Links PWP Software links to select the optional negative sequence
voltage functions
2 V2 Block 1= block close pulse when negative sequence voltage
above V2 Cl Bl setting
0B02 1V2 SET Voltage setting for stage 1 negative sequence
overvoltage
0B03 1V2Char PWP Selected characteristic for stage 1 (definite time or
inverse)
0B04 1tV2 SET Time delay to be used for stage 1
0B05 1V2 (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 1
0B06 2V2 SET Voltage setting for stage 2 negative sequence
overvoltage
0B07 2V2Char PWP Selected characteristic for stage 2 (definite time or
inverse)
0B08 2tV2 SET Time delay to be used for stage 2
0B09 2V2 (tms) SET K factor to be used for stage 2
0B0A V2 Cl Bl SET Negative sequence voltage threshold to block a close
pulse
3.17 Logic
0C00 LOGIC READ Column heading
0C01 LOG Links PWP Software links to select the available optional logic
functions
3 Aux2=DPU 1= enable tAUX2 as a delay on pick-up timer
0 = enable tAUX2 as a delay on drop off timer
5 Aux3=DPU 1= enable tAUX3 as a delay on pick-up timer
0=enable tAUX3 as a delay on drop off timer
6 Rly 7 Flags 1= enable output relay 7 to latch flags, generate fault
& event records and CB ops
7 CB Rec 1=enable CB operations register to be incremented
0C02 tAUX1 SET Auxiliary timer 1 setting
Page 17 of 30

0C05 tTRIP SET Trip pulse time setting
0C06 tCLOSE SET Close pulse time setting
0C07 CB Ops> SET Alarm 1 setting for excessive circuit breaker operations
0C0F Display SET Default display that is selected on power-up
0 Manufacturer Manufacturers name
1 Description Description of product
2 Plant Ref Plant reference
3 3 Ph-Ph 3 phase-phase voltages
4 Ph-Ph ND F A B phase-phase, neutral displacement and
frequency
5 Ph-N ND F A N phase-neutral, neutral displacement and
frequency
6 3Ph-Ph ND 3 phase-phase voltages and neutral displacement
7 3Ph-N ND 3 phase-neutral voltages and neutral displacement
8 PSV NSV F Positive sequence voltage, negative sequence
voltage and frequency
9 MAX MIN Mod2 Max phase-phase voltage, min phase-phase voltage,
Max phase-neutral voltage and min phase-neutral
voltage
10 MAX MIN Mod1 Max phase-phase voltage and min phase-phase
voltage
11 Alarm Status Alarm status
3.18 Input masks

0D00 INPUT MASKS READ Column heading
0D01 Blk 1tVo PWP Logic input to block first stage neutral voltage
displacement timer
0D02 Blk 2tVo PWP Logic input to block second stage neutral voltage
displacement timer
0D03 Blk 3tVo PWP Logic input to block third stage neutral voltage
displacement timer
0D04 Blk 1tV PWP Logic input to block first stage under/overvoltage timer
0D05 Blk 2tV PWP Logic input to block second stage under/overvoltage
timer
0D06 Blk 3tV PWP Logic input to block third stage under/overvoltage timer
0D07 Blk 4tV PWP Logic input to block fourth stage under/overvoltage
timer
0D08 Blk 1tF PWP Logic input to block first stage under/overfrequency
timer
Page 18 of 30
0D09 Blk 2tF PWP Logic input to block second stage under/overfrequency
timer
0D0A Blk 3tF PWP Logic input to block third stage under/overfrequency
timer
0D0B Blk 4tF PWP Logic input to block fourth stage under/overfrequency
timer
0D0C Blk 1tV2 PWP Logic input to block first stage negative sequence
overvoltage timer
0D0D Blk 2tV2 PWP Logic input to block second stage negative sequence
overvoltage timer
0D0E L Trip PWP Logic input to initiate trip pulse timer from external input
0D0F L Close PWP Logic input to initiate close pulse timer from external
input
0D10 Ext Trip PWP Logic input to initiate records from an external trip
signal
0D11 Aux 1 PWP Logic input to initiate timer tAUX1 from external input
0D14 Set Grp 2 PWP Logic input to select group 2 protection settings from
external input
0D15 CB Closed PWP Logic input to indicate circuit breaker in closed position
0D16 CB Open PWP Logic input to indicate circuit breaker in open position
0D17 Bus2 PWP Logic input to indicate circuit breaker in bus 2 position
3.19 Relay masks

0E00 RELAY MASKS READ Column heading
0E01 1tVo PWP First stage time delayed neutral voltage displacement
output
0E02 2tVo PWP Second stage time delayed neutral voltage
displacement output
0E03 3tVo PWP Third stage time delayed neutral voltage displacement
output
0E04 1tVa(-b) PWP First stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase A (-B)
0E05 1tVb(-c) PWP First stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase B (-C)
0E06 1tVc(-a) PWP First stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase C (-A)
0E07 2tVa(-b) PWP Second stage time delayed under/overvoltage output
for phase A (-B)
0E08 2tVb(-c) PWP Second stage time delayed under/overvoltage output
for phase B (-C)
Page 19 of 30
0E09 2tVc(-a) PWP Second stage time delayed under/overvoltage output

for phase C (-A)
0E0A 3tVa(-b) PWP Third stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase A (-B)
0E0B 3tVb(-c) PWP Third stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase B (-C)
0E0C 3tVc(-a) PWP Third stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase C (-A)
0E0D 4tVa(-b) PWP Fourth stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase A (-B)
0E0E 4tVb(-c) PWP Fourth stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase B (-C)
0E0F 4tVc(-a) PWP Fourth stage time delayed under/overvoltage output for
phase C (-A)
0E10 1tF PWP First stage time delayed under/overfrequency output
0E11 2tF PWP Second stage time delayed under/overfrequency output
0E12 3tF PWP Third stage time delayed under/overfrequency output
0E13 4tF PWP Fourth stage time delayed under/overfrequency output
0E14 1tV2 PWP First stage time delayed negative sequence overvoltage
output
0E15 2tV2 PWP Second stage time delayed negative sequence
overvoltage output
0E16 CB Trip PWP Trip pulse output
0E17 CB Close PWP Close pulse output
0E18 Aux1 PWP Output from the auxiliary 1 time delayed function
0E19 Aux2 PWP Output from the auxiliary 2 time delayed function
0E1A Aux3 PWP Output from the auxiliary 3 time delayed function
0E1B Level 1 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to level 1
0E1C Level 2 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to level 2
0E1D Level 3 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to level 3
0E1E CB Alarm PWP Alarm for circuit breaker maintenance
3.20 Recorder
0F00 RECORDER READ Column heading
0F01 Control SET Manual stop/start control (Running = started; triggered
= stopped)
0F02 Capture SET Select the functions to be captured: Magnitudes/phase
angles/samples
0F03 Post Trigger SET Select the number of samples recorded after the trigger
(1 to 511)
Page 20 of 30
0F04 Logic Trig SET Select the logic input to trigger the recorder
(0 to 7 pick-up or drop-off)
0 +Opto0 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L0
8 -Opto0 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L0
9 -Opto1 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L1
A -Opto2 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L2
B -Opto3 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L3
C -Opto4 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L4
D -Opto5 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L5
E -Opto6 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L6
F -Opto7 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic input L7
0F05 Relay Trig SET Select the output relay to trigger the recorder
(0 to 7 pick-up or drop-off)
0 +Rly 0 Trigger in response to energisation of output relay RLY 0
8 -Rly 0 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 0
9 -Rly 1 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 1
A -Rly 2 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 2
B -Rly 3 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 3
C -Rly 4 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 4
D -Rly 5 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 5
E -Rly 6 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 6
F -Rly 7 Trigger in response to de-energisation of output relay RLY 7
Page 21 of 30
Section. 4 CHANGING TEXT AND SETTINGS
Settings and text in certain cells of the menu can be changed via the user interface.
To do this the cover must be removed from the front of the relay so that the [+] and
[] keys can be accessed.
4.1 Quick guide to menu controls
Quick guide to menu control with the four keys
Current display Key press Effect of action

Default display [0] long Backlight turns ON no other effect
[0] short Steps through the available default displays
[F] steps down to column heading SYSTEM
DATA
[+] Back-light turns ON no other effect
[] Back-light turns ON no other effect
Fault flags after a trip [0] short Back-light turns ON no other effect
[F] steps down to column heading SYSTEM
DATA without resetting the fault flags
[0] long resets trip LED and returns default display
[+] Back-light turns ON no other effect
[] Back-light turns ON no other effect
Column heading [0] short Back-light turns ON no other effect
[0] long Re-establishes password protection
immediately and returns the default display
[F] long move to next column heading
[F] short steps down the menu to the next item in
the column
[] move to next column heading
[+] move to previous column heading
Any menu cell [F] short steps down the menu to the next item in
the column
[F] long displays the heading for the next column
[F] + [0] steps back up the menu to the previous
item
[0] short Back-light turns ON no other effect
[0] long Resets the value if the cell is resettable
Any settable cell [+] or [] Puts the relay in setting mode. The
password must first be entered for protected
cells
Page 22 of 30

Setting mode [0] Escapes from the setting mode without a
setting change
[+] Increments value with increasing rapidity
if held
[] Decrements value with increasing rapidity
if held
[F] Changes to the confirmation display
[F] If function links, relay or input masks are
displayed the [F] key will step through them
from left to right and finally changing to the
confirmation display
Confirmation mode [+] Confirms setting and enters new setting or
text
[] Returns prospective change to check/modify
[0] Escapes from the setting mode without a
setting change
The actions shown in the shaded area can only be performed when the cover is removed.
[F] long means press F key and hold for longer than 1s
[F] short means press F key and hold for less than 1s
[F] means press the F key length of time does not change the response
4.2 To enter setting mode

Give the [F] key a momentary press to change from the selected default display
and switch on the back-light; the heading SYSTEM DATA will be displayed.
Use the [+] and [] keys, or a long press of the [F] key, to select the column
containing the setting, or text that is to be changed. Then with the [F] key step
down the column until the contents of that cell are displayed. Press the [+] key to
put the relay into the setting mode. Setting mode will be indicated by a flashing
cursor on the bottom line of the display. If the cell is read-only, or password
protected, then the cursor will not appear and the relay will not be in the setting
mode.
4.3 To escape from the setting mode
IMPORTANT! If at any time you wish to escape from the setting mode without
making a change to the contents of the selected cell: Hold the [0]
key depressed for 1s, the original setting will be returned and the
relay will exit the setting mode.
4.4 To accept the new setting
Press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears:
Are you sure?
+ = YES = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to make any change.
Page 23 of 30
Press the [] key if you want to further modify the data before entry.
Press the [+] key to accept the change. This will terminate the setting mode.
4.5 Password protection
Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay.
This includes time characteristic selection, VT ratios, function links, input masks and
relay masks. Any accidental change to configuration could seriously affect the
ability of the relay to perform its intended functions, whereas, a setting error may
only cause a grading problem. Individual settings are protected from change when
the relay cover is in place by preventing direct access to the [+] and [] keys.
The password consists of four characters that may contain any upper case letter
from the alphabet. The password is initially set in the factory to AAAA, but it can
be changed by the user to another combination if necessary. If the password is lost
or forgotten, access to the relay will be denied. However, if the manufacturer or
their agent is supplied with the serial number of the relay, a back-up password can
be supplied that is unique to that particular product.
4.6 Entering passwords
Using the [F] key, select the password cell [0002] in the SYSTEM DATA column of
the menu. The word Password is displayed and four stars. Press the [+] key and
the cursor will appear under the left hand star. Now use the [+] key to step through
the alphabet until the required letter is displayed. The display will increment faster
if the key is held down and the [] key can be used in a similar way to move
backwards through the alphabet. When the desired character has been set the [F]
key can be given a momentary press to move the cursor to the position for the next
character. The process is then repeated to enter the remaining characters that
make up the password. When the fourth character is acknowledged by a
momentary press of the [F] key the display will read:
Are you sure?
+ = YES = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the password.
Press the [] key if you want to modify the entry.
Press the [+] to enter the password.
The display will then show four stars and if the password was accepted the alarm
LED will flash. If the alarm LED is not flashing the password was not accepted a
further attempt can be made to enter it, or the [F] key pressed to move to the next
cell.
Note: When the password cell is displayed, do not press the [+] or [] key whilst
the alarm LED is flashing unless you want to change the password!
4.7 Changing passwords
When the password has been entered and the alarm LED is flashing the [+] key is
pressed to put the relay in setting mode. A new password can now be entered as
described in Section 4.6. After entering the fourth character make a note of the
new password shown on the display before pressing the [F] key to obtain the
confirmation display.
Are you sure?
+ = YES = NO
Page 24 of 30
Press the [0] key if you decide not to enter the new password.
Press the [] key if you want to modify your entry.
Press the [+] to enter the new password (which will then replace the old one).
Note: Make sure the new password has been written down before it is entered
and that the password being entered agrees with the written copy before
accepting it. If the new password is not entered correctly you may be
denied access in the future. If the password is lost a backup password
unique to that relay can be provided from the factory, or certain agents, if
the serial number of the product is quoted.
4.8 Restoration of password protection
Password protection is reinstated when the alarm LED stops flashing. This will occur
fifteen minutes after the last key press. To restore the password protection without
waiting for the fifteen minute time-out, select the password cell or any column
heading and hold the reset key [0] depressed for 1s. The alarm LED will cease to
flash to indicate the password protection is restored.
4.9 Entering text
Enter the setting mode as described in Section 4.2 and move the cursor with the [F]
key to where the text is to be entered or changed. Then using the [+] and [] keys,
select the character to be displayed. The [F] key may then be used to move the
cursor to the position of the next character and so on. Follow the instructions in
Section 4.4 to exit from the setting change.
4.10 Changing function links
Select the column heading required and step down to the function links SD Links,
ND Links, VF Links, FF Links, NS Links or LOG links and press either the
[+] or [] key to put the relay in a setting change mode. A cursor will flash on the
bottom line at the extreme left position. This is link F; as indicated by the
character printed on the frontplate under the display.
Press the [F] key to step along the row of links, one link at a time, until some text
appears on the top line that describes the function of a link. The [+] key will
change the link to a 1 to select the function and the [] key will change it to a
0 to deselect it. Follow the instructions in Section 4.4 to accept the setting
change.
Not all links can be set, some being factory selected and locked. The links that are
locked in this way are usually those for functions that are not supported by a
particular relay, when they will be set to 0. Merely moving the cursor past a link
position does not change it in any way.
4.11 Changing setting values
Move through the menu until the cell that is to be edited is displayed. Press the [+]
or [] key to put the relay into the setting change mode. A cursor will flash in the
extreme left hand position on the bottom line of the display to indicate that the
relay is ready to have the setting changed. The value will be incremented in single
steps by each momentary press of the [+] key, or if the [+] key is held down the
value will be incremented with increasing rapidity until the key is released.
Similarly the [] key can be used to decrement the value. Follow the instructions in
Section 4.4 to exit from the setting change.
Page 25 of 30
Note: When entering VT RATIO the overall ratio should be entered,

ie. 11kV/110V VT has an overall ratio of 100:1. With rated voltage
applied the relay will display 110V when the VT RATIO has the default
value of 1:1 and when the ratio is set to 100:1 the displayed value will be
100 x 110V = 11kV.
4.12 Setting communication address
The communication address will be set to 255, the global address to all relays on
the network, when the relay is first supplied. Reply messages are not issued from
any relay for a global command, because they would all respond at the same time
and result in contention on the bus. Setting the address to 255 will ensure that
when first connected to the network they will not interfere with communications on
existing installations. The communication address can be manually set by selecting
the appropriate cell for the SYSTEM DATA column, entering the setting mode as
described in Section 4.2 and then decrementing or incrementing the address.
Then exit setting mode as described in Section 4.4.
To automatically allocate an address to the relay, see Chapter 6.
4.13 Setting input masks
An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and control function that can be
influenced by an external input applied to one or more of the logic inputs.
When the menu cell for an input mask is selected the top line of the display shows
text describing the function to be controlled by the inputs selected in the mask.
A series of 1s and 0s on the bottom line of the display indicates which logic
inputs are selected to exert control. The numbers printed on the frontplate under the
display indicate each of the logic inputs (L7 to L0) being displayed.
A 1 indicates that a particular input is assigned to the displayed control function
and a 0 indicates that it is not. The same input may be used to control more than
one function.
4.14 Setting output masks
An eight bit mask is allocated to each protection and control function. When a
mask is selected the text on the top line of the display indicates the associated
function and the bottom line of the display shows a series of 1s and 0s for the
selected mask. The numbers printed on the frontplate under the display indicate the
output relay (RLY7 to RLY0) to which each bit is associated. A 1 indicates that the
relay will respond to the displayed function and a 0 indicates that it will not.
A logical OR function is performed on the relay masks so that more than one
relay may be allocated to more than one function. An output mask may be set to
operate the same relay as another mask so that, for example, one output relay
may be arranged to operate for all the functions required to trip the circuit breaker
and another for only those functions that are to initiate autoreclose.
4.15 Resetting values and records
Some values and records can be reset to zero, or some predefined value.
To achieve this the menu cell must be displayed and then the [0] key held
depressed for at least one second to effect the reset. The fault records are slightly
different because they are a group of settings and to reset these the last cell under
Page 26 of 30
FLT RECORDS must be selected. This will display:

Clear = [0]
To reset ALL FIVE fault records hold the [0] key depressed for more than 1s. If the
records are not cleared the oldest record will be overwritten by the next fault.
4.16 Resetting trip LED indication
The trip LED can be reset when the flags for the last fault are displayed. They are
displayed automatically after a trip occurs, or can be selected in the fault record
column. The reset is effected by depressing the [0] key for 1s. Resetting the fault
records as described in 4.15 will also reset the trip LED indication.
If link SD5 is set to 1 the trip LED can be reset by energising a logic input that
has been allocated in the input mask [OD11 tAUX1]. If link SD8 is also set to 1
then the trip LED will reset when the disturbance recorder has been triggered and
the delay set for tAUX1 has expired.
4.17 Selecting default display
The selection of the default display from the cell 0C0F Display has the following
options, Manufacturer, Description, Plant Ref, 3 Ph-Ph, Ph-Ph ND F,
Ph N ND F, 3Ph-Ph ND, 3Ph N ND, PSV NSV F, MAX MIN Mod2,
MAX MIN Mod1 and Alarms.
However, depending on the relay type and configuration, not all the options can
be displayed as default. If an option is selected but cannot be displayed, the
default display will be the next available selection. The following table
demonstrates which default display is shown when each default selection is made.
KVFG 142 KVFG 122 KVFG 122

3Ph Vo plus Vo plus
measurements other other
Ph-Ph Ph-Ph Ph-N
Selection Display Display Display Display
Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer Manufacturer
Description Description Description Description Description
Plant Ref Plant Ref Plant Ref Plant Ref Plant Ref
3 Ph-Ph 3Ph-Ph ND 3 Ph-Ph Ph-Ph ND F Ph-Ph ND F
Ph-Ph ND F 3Ph-Ph ND PSV NSV F Ph-Ph ND F Ph-N ND F
Ph-N ND F 3Ph-Ph ND PSV NSV F Alarm Status Ph-N ND F
3Ph-Ph ND 3Ph-Ph ND PSV NSV F Alarm Status Alarm Status
3Ph-N ND 3Ph-N ND PSV NSV F Alarm Status Alarm Status
PSV NSV F PSV NSV F PSV NSV F Alarm Status Alarm Status
MAX MIN Mod2 MAX MIN Mod2 MAX MIN Mod1 Alarm Status Alarm Status
MAX MIN Mod1 Alarm Status MAX MIN Mod1 Alarm Status Alarm Status
Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status Alarm Status
Page 27 of 30
Section. 5 EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
Standard connection table KVFG 142
Function Terminals Function

Earth terminal 1 2 Not used
Watchdog relay break 3 4 make Watchdog relay
(break contact) 5 6 (make contact)
48V field voltage [+] 7 8 [] 48V field voltage
Not used 9 10 Not used
Auxiliary voltage input (+) 13 14 () Auxiliary voltage input
A phase voltage IN 17 18 IN B phase voltage
C phase voltage IN 19 20 OUT Phase voltage ref.
Residual voltage IN 21 22 OUT Residual voltage ref.
Output relay 4 29 30 Output relay 0
31 32
35 36
39 40
43 44
Opto control input L3 (+) 45 46 (+) Opto control input L0
Opto control input L6 (+) 51 52 () Common L0/L1/L2
Opto control input L7 (+) 53 54 K-BUS serial port
Common L3/L4/L5/L6/L7 () 55 56 K-BUS serial port
Key to connection tables

[+] and [] indicate the polarity of the dc output from these terminals
(+) and () indicate the polarity for the applied dc supply
IN/OUT the signal direction for forward operation
Page 28 of 30
Notes: The KVFG 122 does not utilise the following terminals, voltage inputs 17 &
18, relay outputs RL4 to RL7 and opto isolated inputs L3 to L7. The voltage
terminals 19 & 20 may be configured to measure phph or phn voltages
and case terminals 21 & 22 can be used for either phph or residual
voltage measurement.
All relays have standard Midos terminal blocks to which connections can be
made with either 4mm screws or 4.8mm pre-insulated snap-on connectors.
Two connections can be made to each terminal.
5.1 Auxiliary supply
The auxiliary voltage may be dc or ac provided it is within the limiting voltages for
the particular relay. The voltage range will be found on the frontplate of the relay;
it is marked (Vx = (24V 125V) or (48V 250V). An ideal supply to use for
testing the relays will be 50V dc or 110V ac because these values fall within both
of the auxiliary voltage ranges.
The supply should be connected to terminals 13 and 14 only. To avoid any
confusion it is recommended that the polarity of any applied voltage is kept to the
Midos standard:
for dc supplies the positive lead connected to terminal 13 and the negative to
terminal 14
for ac supplies the live lead is connected to terminal 13 and the neutral lead to
terminal 14.
5.2 Logic control inputs
There are a number of logic control inputs to the relay that are optically coupled to
provide galvanic isolation between the external and internal circuits. They are
rated at 48V and the power supply within the relay provides an isolated field
voltage to energise them. This arrangement keeps the power consumption of these
inputs to a minimum and ensures that they always have a supply to energise them
when the relay is operational.
Software filtering is applied to prevent induced ac signals in the external wiring
causing operation of logic inputs. This is achieved by sampling the logic inputs
eight times per cycle and five consecutive samples have to indicate that the input is
energised in a positive sense before it is accepted. This ensures that the inputs are
relatively immune to spurious operation from induced ac signals in the wiring.
The capture times are:
12 2.5ms at 50Hz and 10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz
Note: These inputs will not capture a fleeting contact unless it dwells in the closed
state for a time exceeding the above values.
The opto-isolated logic control inputs are divided into two groups. Three (L0, L1,
L2) have their common connection on terminal 52 and the remainder (L3, L4, L5,
L6, L7) have their common connection on terminal 55. When they are to be
energised from the field voltage then terminals 52 and 55 must be connected to
terminal 8, the negative of the field voltage. The logic inputs can then be energised
by connecting a volt free contact between the positive of the field voltage, terminal
7, and the terminal for the appropriate logic input.
The circuit for each opto-isolated input contains a blocking diode to protect it from
any damage that may result from the application of voltage with incorrect polarity.
Page 29 of 30
Where the opto-isolated input of more than one relay is to be controlled by the
same contact it will be necessary to connect terminal 7 of each relay together to
form a common line. In the example circuit below, contact X operates L1 of relay 1
and contact Y operates L0 of relay 1 as well as L0 and L1 of relay 2. There are no
connections made to L2 as it is not used on either relay.
L0 46 46
L0
48 48
L1 L1
50 50 L2
L2
52 52
X Y
_ 8 8 _
48V 48V
7 7
+ +
Relay 1 Common line Relay 2
Figure 3 Connection to opto-isolated control inputs
The logic inputs can be separated into two isolated groups when it is necessary to
energise some from the station battery. The logic inputs are rated at 48V and it will
be necessary to connect an external resistor in series with the input if the battery is
of higher rated voltage. The value of this resistor should be 2.4k for every
additional 10V.
The field voltage is not earthed and has insulation rated for 2kV for 1 minute.
5.3 Analogue inputs
The relays have either four (KVFG 142) or two (KVFG 122) analogue inputs
depending on the model. All inputs are routed to the microprocessor board.
Each is fed via an input transducer (VT), a low pass filter and a three range scaling
amplifier. This amplifier has automatic gain control which automatically adjusts in
accordance with the input signal amplitude. The amplifier gain increases as the
input signal amplitude reduces to provide optimum measurement resolution and a
large dynamic range. The analogue signals are sampled eight times per cycle on
each channel as the sampling rate tracks the frequency of the input signal.
5.4 Output relays
Four programmable output relays are provided on the KVFG 122 relay and eight
on the KVFG 142. They can be arranged to operate in response to any or all of
the available functions by suitably setting the output masks. The protection and
control functions to which these relays respond are selectable via the menu system
of the relay.
In addition there is a watchdog relay which has one make and one break contact.
Thus it can indicate both healthy and failed conditions. As these contacts are
mainly used for alarm purposes they have a lower rating than the programmable
outputs. The terminal numbers for the output relay contacts are given in the table at
the start of Section 5.
Page 30 of 30
5.5 Ouput relay minimum dwell time

Outputs from each stage of protection outputs tVo, tVa, tVb, tVc, tF and tV2 have a
minimum dwell of 100ms. The contact dwell ensures a positive trip signal is given
to the circuit breaker.
All other outputs such as Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Level 1/2/3 and CB Alarm have no
deliberate dwell time added to them. This is because they are either followed by a
timer, or used for control purposes which require a faster reset time.
5.6 Setting the relay with a PC or laptop
Connection to a personal computer (PC) or lap top via a K-Bus/RS232 interface
type KITZ 101 will enable settings to be changed more easily. Software is
available for the PC that allows on line setting changes in a more user friendly way
with a whole column of data being displayed instead of just single cells. Setting
files can also be saved to floppy disk and downloaded to other relays of the same
type. There are also programs available to enable setting files to be generated off-
line, ie. remote from the relays that can be later down-loaded as necessary.
The communication connections and available software are covered under
Applications in Chapter 6.
Section 6. ALARM FLAGS
A full list of the alarm flags will be found in Section 3.5 and is located in cell 0022
of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu. They consist of eight characters that may
be either 1 or 0 to indicate the set and reset states respectively.
The control keys perform for this menu cell in the same way as they do for function
links. The cell is selected with the function key [F] and the relay then put in the
setting mode by pressing the [+] key to display the cursor. The cursor will then be
stepped through the alarm word from left to right with each press of the [F] key
and text identifying the alarm bit selected will be displayed.
The only alarm flag that can be manually set is the bit 6, the watchdog test flag.
When this flag is set to 1 the watchdog relay will change state and the green
LED will extinguish.
When any alarm flag is set the alarm LED will be continuously lit. However, there is
another form of alarm condition that will cause the alarm LED to flash and this
indicates that the password has been entered to allow access to change protected
settings within the relay. This is not generally available as a remote alarm and it
does not generate an alarm flag.
Note: No control will be possible via the key pad if the unconfigured alarm is
raised because the relay will be locked in a non-operate state.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Chapter 4
Application of Protection Functions
Contents
1 CONFIGURATION 1
1.1 Configuring the relay 1
1.2 Default configuration 1
2 CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE RELAY 2
2.1 System data (SD) 2
2.2 Neutral displacement links (ND) 3
2.3 Under/overvoltage links (VF) 3
2.4 Under/overfrequency links (FF) 5
2.5 Negative sequence links (NS) 5
2.6 Logic links (LOG) 6
3. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT (RESIDUAL OVERVOLTAGE) PROTECTION 7
3.1 Application 7
3.2 Voltage settings 10
3.3 Definite time settings 10
3.4 Inverse time curve settings 11
3.5 Setting guidelines 11
4. UNDER/OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION 11
4.1 Application 11
4.5 Undervoltage setting guidelines 15
4.6 Overvoltage setting guidelines 15
5. UNDER/OVERFREQUENCY PROTECTION 16
5.1 Application 16
5.2 Frequency settings 17
5.4.1 Underfrequency setting guidelines
5.4.2 Overfrequency setting guidelines 19
6. NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION 19
6.1 Application 19
7. UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING 21
7.1 Blocking the undervoltage elements 21
7.1.1 Extended time delays 22
7.1.2 CB Auxiliary contact monitoring 22
7.1.3 Undervoltage blocking 22
7.2 Blocking the frequency elements 22
8. NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE BLOCKING 23
9. AUXILIARY TIMERS 24
Contents
10. SETTING GROUP SELECTION 25

10.1 Remote change of setting group 25
10.2 Controlled change of setting group 25
FIGURES
Figure 1a. Residual voltage measured on a solidly earthed system 7
Figure 1b. Residual voltage measured on an impedance earthed system 8
Figure 2. Neutral voltage displacement protection logic 9
Figure 3. Under and overvoltage protectionlogic 13
Figure 4. Under/overfrequency protection logic 17
Figure 5. Co-ordination of underfrequency protection 18
Figure 6. Negative sequence overvoltage protection logic 19
Figure 7a. Undervoltage blocking logic (KVFG 122) 21
Figure 8. CB control logic including blocking signals 23
Figure 9. Auxiliary timers 24
Page 1 of 25
Section 1 CONFIGURATION
The settings that customise the relay for a particular application are referred to as
the configuration. They include the function links, input masks, relay masks, etc.
and are password protected to prevent them being changed accidentally. Together
these settings select the functions that are to be made available and how they are
to be interconnected.
Before the advent of integrated numerical relays, protection and control schemes
comprised individual relays that had to be interconnected and a diagram was
produced to show these interconnections. The configuration of a numerical relay is
the software equivalent of these interconnections. With the software approach,
installations can be completed in much shorter times, especially for repeat
schemes, saving valuable time and cost. A second advantage is the ability to make
some changes without having to disturb the external wiring.
Before the connection diagrams can be drawn for an installation, it will be
necessary to decide how the logic within the relay is to function. A copy of the
logic diagram will be found at the back of this manual. It should be copied and the
appropriate squares in the input and relays masks should be shaded in to show
which logic inputs and output relays are to be assigned in each mask. The function
links should then be drawn on the diagram in position 0 or 1 as required.
These software links may turn functions on, or off, and when in the off state some
unnecessary settings may not appear in the menu. As supplied the fourth under/
overvoltage stage is turned off and its associated settings 4V/4V Char/4tV/
4V(tms) will not appear in the menu. The function link settings can now be read off
the logic diagram and entered as a series of ones and zeros, in the boxes
provided on the logic diagram.
Case connection diagrams will be found at the back of this manual for the current
models of K Range voltage and frequency relays. They may be copied and notes
added in the appropriate boxes to indicate the function of the logic inputs and
relay outputs. This diagram will then give the appropriate terminal numbers to
which the external wires must be connected. In particular, it will show the terminal
numbers to which the voltage transformer connections are to be made.
Enough information is available from the logic and case connection diagrams to
enable the full external wiring diagrams to be drawn and the operation of
complete protection and control scheme to be understood.
1.1 Configuring the relay
Each scheme of protection and control will have its own particular configuration
settings. These can be named appropriately and the name entered as the
description in cell 0004 in the system data column of the menu. If the scheme is
likely to become a standard that is to be applied to several installations it would be
worthwhile storing the configuration on a floppy disc so that it can be downloaded
to other relays.
The configuration file can be made even more useful by adding appropriate
general settings for the protection and control functions. It will then only require the
minimum of settings to be changed during commissioning of the installation.
1.2 Default configuration
The relays are provided with a basic configuration and typical settings to suit a
basic application. The basic configuration provides:
Page 2 of 25
Single stage undervoltage (definite time)

Single stage overvoltage (definite time)
CB maintenance alarm (KVFG 122 only)
Single stage neutral voltage displacement (definite time, KVFG 142 only)
Single stage underfrequency (definite time, KVFG 142 only)
Single stage overfrequency (definite time, KVFG 142 only)
Remote circuit breaker control (KVFG 142 only)
Section. 2 CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE RELAY
2.1 System data (SD)

Select the system data column of the menu, enter the password and then step down
to the cell containing the SD links. Press the [+] key to put the relays into setting
mode and use to [F] key to step through the options. The option will be shown in
abbreviated form on the top line of the display as each function link is selected.
To select an option set the link to 1 with the [+] key and to deselect it set it to 0
with the [] key.
The following options are available via links SD0 to SDA:
SD 0 Rem ChgStg 1 = enable remote setting changes
SD 1 Not used
SD 2 Rem CB Ctrl 1 = enable remote control of circuit breaker
SD 3 Rem ChgGrp 1 = enable remote change of setting group
SD 4 En Grp2 1 = enable group 2 settings to be used
SD 5 FlagReset 1 = enable flags to be reset automatically
SD 6 Not used
SD 7 Log Evts 1 = enable logic events to be stored
SD 8 Aut Rec Rst 1 = enable automatic reset method for disturbance
record.
SD 9 CBcloseRst 1 = enable circuit breaker close pulse to be
terminated by a trip signal
SD A OP Mode 1 = neutral voltage displacement protection
0 = selects 3 phase measurement mode
(Applies to KVFG 122 only)
When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the
confirmation display appears and confirm the selection.
Now step down the menu to cell [0004 Description] and enter a suitable name for
the configuration; a maximum of sixteen characters are available.
Step down one cell [0005 Plant Ref.], where a suitable reference can be entered
for the plant that the relay is to protect. If the configuration is for a relay that is to
be applied to one particular circuit, then the reference by which the circuit is
known can be entered at this time; a maximum of sixteen characters are available.
Page 3 of 25
Now move down the system data column to cell [0009 Freq] and set the frequency
to 50Hz or 60Hz as appropriate. This is an important setting because it will be the
default frequency used by the analogue/digital converter when appropriate
signals are not available for frequency tracking.
If the address of the relay on the serial communication bus is known then it can be
entered at this time. This cell is password protected.
This concludes the settings that can be entered in this menu column at this time.
2.2 Neutral displacement links (ND)
Select the column NEUT DISP (1) and ND links. Press the [+] key to put the relay
into setting mode and set the links to 1 that enable the required options available
via links ND0 to ND3.
ND 0 1Vo 1 = enable neutral voltage displacement stage 1
ND 3 Vo Calc 1 = enable Vo calculation and ignore Vo input
(KVFG 142 only)
If the KVFG 122 is being used, with system data link SDA set to 0, this selects
phase to phase voltage measurement mode. As such the neutral voltage
displacement protection will not be available.
Setting ND3 refers to the KVFG 142 only. On this relay, it is possible to measure
the three phase to ground voltages, and hence a calculation of the residual voltage
can be made. However, it should be considered that this calculated value will
generally be less accurate than the measured value. Refer to Section 3.2.
confirmation display appears and then confirm the selection.
Next enter the time delay characteristics for the enabled elements.
Enter, or copy, the same settings into the NEUT DISP (2) column if it is active. It is
not essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the
3Vo element could be made available in group one and not in group two settings.
Note: It would be wise to ensure the logic is such that an element that is to be
switched out in the alternative setting group is reset before the alternative
setting group is selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure
there are no latch-up problems.
A different time characteristic can be selected for each element in the second
setting group, but it is not advisable to select inverse in one group and definite time
in the other if it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups.
If different characteristics are selected then the same register will be used for both.
These registers are not reset to zero when the setting group is changed unless the
voltage falls below the set threshold.
2.3 Under/overvoltage links (VF)
Select the VF links under the UV/OV 1 menu column heading and put the relay
into setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step through the function links with the
[F] key and set the links for the options required.
Page 4 of 25
VF 0 1V Enable 1 = enable stage 1 under/overvoltage element

VF 1 1V Under 1 = stage 1 set for undervoltage protection
0 = stage 1 set for overvoltage protection
VF 2 1V all = 1 1 = stage 1 output only if all phases operate
0 = stage 1 output if any phase operates
VF A 4V Under 1 = stage 4 set for undervoltage protection
VF B 4V all = 1 1 = stage 4 output only if all phases operate
VF C Ph-N = 1 1 = utilise phase to neutral voltages for protection
0 = utilise phase to phase voltages for protection
VF D UV Block 1 = enable blocking of all undervoltage elements
when the measured voltage is below 15V (or 55V on
440V relay)
Next enter the time delay characteristic for each element.
Enter, or copy, the same settings into the UV/OV 2 column if it is active. It is not
essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the 4V
element could be made available in group one and not in group two settings.
Note: It would be wise to check that an element that is to be switched out in the
alternative setting group is reset before the alternative setting group is selected, or
alternatively make a physical test to ensure there are no latch-up problems.
in the other if it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups. If two
different characteristics are selected then the same register will be used for both
and these registers will not be reset to zero when the setting group is changed
unless the voltage is below the set overvoltage, or above the set undervoltage
threshold.
Page 5 of 25
2.4 Under/overfrequency links (FF)

Select the FF links under the UF/OF 1 menu column heading and put the relay into
setting mode by pressing the [+] key. Step through the function links with the [F]
key and set the links for the options required.
FF 0 1F Enable 1 = enable stage 1 under/overfrequency element
FF 1 1F Under 1 = stage 1 set for underfrequency protection
0 = stage 1 set for overfrequency protection
Next enter the time delay for each element.
Enter, or copy, the same settings into the UF/OF 2 column if it is active. It is not
essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the 2F
element could be made available in group one and not in group two settings.
Note: It would be wise to check that an element that is to be switched out in the
alternative setting group is reset before the alternative setting group is
selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure there are no latch-
up problems.
2.5 Negative sequence links (NS)
Select the column NEG SEQ 1 and NS links. Press the [+] key to put the relay into
setting mode and set the links to 1 that enable the required options available via
links NS0 to NS2.
NS 0 1V2 1 = enable stage 1 negative sequence overvoltage
NS 1 2V2 1 = enable stage 2 negative sequence overvoltage
NS 2 V2 Block 1 = block CB close pulse if negative sequence voltage
is greater than V2 Cl Bl setting
If the KVFG 122 is being used, with system data link SDA set to 1, this selects
neutral displacement measurement mode. As such the negative sequence
overvoltage protection will not be available.
confirmation display appears and then confirm the selection.
Next enter the time delay characteristics for the enabled elements.
Page 6 of 25
Enter, or copy, the same settings into the NEG SEQ 2 column if it is active. It is not
essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example the
2V2 element could be made available in group one and not in group two settings.
Note: It would be wise to ensure the logic is such that an element that is to be
switched out in the alternative setting group is reset before the alternative
setting group is selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure
there are no latch-up problems.
in the other if it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups.
If different characteristics are selected then the same register will be used for both.
These registers are not reset to zero when the setting group is changed unless the
voltage falls below the set threshold.
2.6 Logic links (LOG)
The logic links under the LOGIC menu column heading customise the auxiliary
functions of the relay. Put the relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key.
Step through the function links with the [F] key and set the links for the options
required.
LOG 0 Not used
LOG 1 Not used
LOG 2 Not used
LOG 3 Aux2 = DPU 1 = enable tAUX2 as a delay on pick-up timer
0 = enable tAUX2 as a delay on drop-off timer
LOG 4 Not used
LOG 5 Aux3 = DPU 1 = enable tAUX3 as a delay on pick-up timer
0 = enable tAUX3 as a delay on drop-off timer
LOG 6 Rly 7 Flags 1 = enable RL7 to latch flags, generate fault records
and CB maintenance data
LOG 7 CB Rec 1 = enable CB operations register to be incremented
Set the circuit breaker close and trip pulse time delays tCLOSE and tTRIP.
Select the default display that appears on start-up.
Page 7 of 25
Section 3. NEUTRAL DISPLACEMENT (RESIDUAL

OVERVOLTAGE) PROTECTION
3.1 Application
On a healthy three phase power system, the addition of each of the three phase to
earth voltages is nominally zero, as it is the vector addition of three balanced
vectors at 120 to one another. However, when an earth fault occurs on the
primary system this balance is upset and a residual voltage is produced.
This could be measured, for example, at the secondary terminals of a voltage
transformer having a broken delta secondary connection. Hence, a residual
voltage measuring relay can be used to offer earth fault protection on such a
system. Note that this condition causes a rise in the neutral voltage with respect to
earth which is commonly referred to as neutral voltage displacement or NVD.
Figures 1a and 1b show the residual voltages that are produced during earth fault
conditions occurring on a solid and impedance earthed power system
respectively:-
S R F
E
ZS ZL
AG
VA
VA
VC VB VC VB VC VB
VA
VRES
VA
VB VB VRES VB
VC VC VC
RESIDUAL VOLTAGE AT R (RELAYING POINT)

DEPENDANT UPON ZS/ZL RATIO.
VRES = ZSO X 3 E
2ZS1 + ZSO + 2ZL1 + ZLO
Figure 1a. Residual voltage measured on a solidly earthed system

Page 8 of 25
S R F
E
ZS ZL
N
ZE AG
VAG
S S S
R
VAG R
G,F
G,F G,F
VCG VBG VCG VBG VCG VBG
VRES VRES VRES

VBG VBG VBG
VAG VAG
VCG VCG VCG
VRES = ZSO + 3ZE X 3 E
2ZS1 + ZSO + 2ZL1 + ZLO + 3ZE
Figure 1b. Residual voltage measured on an impedance earthed system
As can be seen in Fig. 1a, the residual voltage measured by a relay for an earth
fault on a solidly earthed system is solely dependent upon the ratio of source
impedance behind the relay to line impedance in front of the relay, up to the point
of fault. For a remote fault, the Zs/Zl ratio will be small, resulting in a
correspondingly small residual voltage. As such, depending upon the relay setting,
such a relay would only operate for faults up to a certain distance along the
system. The value of residual voltage generated for an earth fault condition is
given by the general formula shown in Figure 1a.
Figure 1b shows that a resistance earthed system will always generate a relatively
large degree of residual voltage, as the zero sequence source impedance now
includes the earthing impedance. It follows then, that the residual voltage
generated by an earth fault on an insulated system will be the highest possible
value (3 x phase-neutral voltage), as the zero sequence source impedance is
infinite.
From the previous information it can be seen that the detection of a residual
overvoltage condition is an alternative means of earth fault detection, which does
Page 9 of 25
not require any measurement of current. This may be particularly advantageous in

high impedance earthed or insulated systems, where the provision of core balance
CTs on each feeder may be either impractical, or uneconomic.
It must be noted that where residual overvoltage protection is applied, such a
voltage will be generated for a fault occurring anywhere on that section of the
system and hence the NVD protection must co-ordinate with other earth fault
protections.
The NVD element within the KVFG relays is of a three stage design, each stage
having separate voltage and time delay settings. Each stage may be set to operate
on either an IDMT or DT characteristic.
Note: On the KVFG122, with system data link SDA = 0, the neutral voltage
displacement protection elements are disabled.
OD01 Blk 1tVo

ND0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE01 1tVo
0
1Vo & 1tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
OD02 Blk 2tVo
ND1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE02 2tVo
0
2Vo & 21tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
OD03 Blk 3tVo

ND2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE03 3tVo
0
3Vo & 3tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
Figure 2. Neutral voltage displacement protection logic
Multiple stages are included for the NVD protection to account for applications
which require both alarm and trip stages; for example, an insulated system. It is
common in such a case for the system to have been designed to withstand the
associated healthy phase overvoltages for a number of hours following an earth
fault. In such applications, an alarm is generated soon after the condition is
detected, which serves to indicate the presence of an earth fault on the system.
This gives time for system operators to locate and isolate the fault. Subsequent
stages of the protection can issue a trip signal if the fault condition persists.
The KVFG relays each have a separate voltage input for measurement of the
residual voltage. The KVFG142 relay can if required, internally derive the residual
voltage from the 3 phase voltage inputs which must be supplied from either a
5-limb or three single phase VTs. These types of VT design allow the passage of
residual flux and consequently permit the relay to derive the required residual
voltage. In addition, the primary star point of the VT must be earthed. A three limb
VT has no path for residual flux and is therefore unsuitable to supply the relay for
this application.
The output of the broken delta winding will predominantly be at the fundamental
frequency. However, it will also contain other in-phase components (triplen
harmonics) which will be filtered by the combination of anti-aliasing and Fourier
filters (refer to Chapter 7, Section 1.15 concerning the frequency response).
From this point of view, apart from the fundamental frequency signal, the most
prevalent harmonic will be the 3rd harmonic, for which the KVFG provides a
rejection ratio greater than 20:1.
Page 10 of 25
3.2 Voltage settings

The following table details the NVD voltage settings;
Symbol Min Max Step

Voltage Threshold Stage 1
(Vn =100/120V) 1Vo 1V 100V 1V
(Vn =100/120V) 2Vo 1V 100V 1V
(Vn =100/120V) 3Vo 1V 100V 1V
(Vn = 415/440V) 1Vo 4V 400V 4V
(Vn = 415/440V) 2Vo 4V 400V 4V
(Vn = 415/440) 3Vo 4V 400V 4V
Although all settings refer to the neutral voltage displacement protection in terms of
Vo, it should be considered that the measured voltage and hence any displayed
and set figures are residual voltages. In order to know the actual zero sequence
voltage value, the values being measured should be divided by 3, since the
magnitude of residual voltage is equivalent to three time the zero sequence voltage
magnitude.
On KVFG 142 relays, there is the ability to calculate the residual voltage based
upon the phase-ground voltages connected to the relay. (Function link ND3 set to
1). However, due to the measurement technique, this results in decreasing
accuracy below settings of 5V (20V on 440V versions), outside the normal
accuracy claims.
3.3 Definite time settings
Each stage can be selected to have a definite time characteristic. The operation
time will be the set time for the time delay, plus the operation time of the output
relay and the time taken to detect the neutral displacement condition.
The same register is used for each time delay in both setting groups and the timer
is not reset when switching from one setting group to the other. Thus switching from
a setting group with a long time setting to that with a short time setting may result
in a trip if the shorter time setting had already elapsed.
Symbol Min Max Step

DT Setting Stage 1 1tVo 0 600s 0.01s graded
Page 11 of 25
3.4 Inverse time curve settings

The IDMT characteristic available on each stage is defined by the following
formula:
K
t =
(M 1)
Where;
K = Time multiplier setting (eg. Vo(tms), etc)
t = Operating time in seconds
Residual voltage
M=
Setting voltage
The related setting ranges are given in the table below:
Symbol Min Max Step

K Setting Stage 1 1Vo(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
3.5 Setting guidelines

The voltage setting applied to the elements is dependent upon the magnitude of
residual voltage that is expected to occur during the earth fault condition. This in
turn is dependent upon the method of system earthing employed and may be
calculated by using the formulae previously given in Figures 1a and 1b. It must
also be ensured that the relay is set above any standing level of residual voltage
that is present on the system.
Note that IDMT characteristics are selectable on each stage of NVD in order that
elements located at various points on the system may be time graded with one
another.
Wherever possible, it should be ensured that a suitable voltage is connected to the
KVFG relay for frequency tracking (no tracking is available from the residual
voltage inputs). If the relay does not have any suitable voltage connected, the relay
is unable to track and the operational range of the NVD element with regard to
frequency is severly reduced. When tracking the system frequency, the NVD
element will function over the entire frequency range of 45 to 65Hz, whereas
without tracking this is reduced to the set system frequency Fn1Hz.
Section 4. UNDER/OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
4.1 Application
Undervoltage conditions may occur on a power system for a variety of reasons,
some of which are outlined below:-
Increased system loading. Generally, some corrective action would be taken by
voltage regulating equipment such as AVRs or On Load Tap Changers, in order
to bring the system voltage back to its nominal value. If the regulating
equipment is unsuccessful in restoring healthy system voltage, then tripping by
means of an undervoltage relay will be required following a suitable time delay.
Page 12 of 25
Faults occurring on the power system result in a reduction in voltage of the

phases involved in the fault. The proportion by which the voltage decreases is
directly dependent upon the type of fault, method of system earthing and its
location with respect to the relaying point. Consequently, co-ordination with
other voltage and current-based protection devices is essential in order to
achieve correct discrimination.
Complete loss of busbar voltage. This may occur due to fault conditions present
on the incomer or busbar itself, resulting in total isolation of the incoming power
supply. For this condition, it may be a requirement for each of the outgoing
circuits to be isolated, such that when supply voltage is restored, the load is not
connected. Hence, the automatic tripping of a feeder upon detection of
complete loss of voltage may be required. This may be achieved by a three
phase undervoltage element.
Where outgoing feeders from a busbar are supplying induction motor loads,
excessive dips in the supply may cause the connected motors to stall, and
should be tripped for voltage reductions which last longer than a pre-
determined time. Such undervoltage protection may be present in the protective
device on the motor feeder itself. However, if it is not, the inclusion of this
functionality within the feeder protection relay on the incomer may prove
beneficial.
Undervoltage conditions are relatively common, as they are related to fault
conditions etc. However, overvoltage conditions are also a possibility and are
generally related to loss of load conditions as described below;
Under conditions of load rejection, the supply voltage will increase in magnitude.
This situation would normally be rectified by voltage regulating equipment such as
AVRs or on-load tap changers. However, failure of this equipment to bring the
system voltage back within prescribed limits leaves the system with an overvoltage
condition which must be cleared in order to preserve the life of the system
insulation. Hence, overvoltage protection which is suitably time delayed to allow
for normal regulator action, may be applied.
During earth fault conditions on a power system there may be an increase in the
healthy phase voltages. Ideally, the system should be designed to withstand such
overvoltages for a defined period of time. Normally, there will be a primary
protection element employed to detect the earth fault condition and to issue a trip
command if the fault is uncleared after a nominal time. However, it would be
possible to use an overvoltage element as a back-up protection in this instance.
A single stage of protection would be sufficient, having a definite time delay.
Page 13 of 25
VF1
0
1
OD04 Blk 1tV 1
VF2 OE04 1tVa(-b)
VF0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 VF1 & & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0
1tV 1
OE05 1tVb(-c)
1V 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0
OE06 1tVc(-a)
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VF4
0
1
OD05 Blk 2tV 1
VF5 OE07 2tVa(-b)
VF3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 VF4 & & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0
2tV 1
OE08 2tVb(-c)
2V 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0
OE09 2tVc(-a)
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VF7
0
1
OD06 Blk 3tV 1 VF8
VF6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE0A 3tVa(-b)
0 VF7 & & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0
3tV 1
OE0B 3tVb(-c)
3V 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0
OE0C 3tVc(-a)
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VFA
0
1
OD07 Blk 4tV 1 VFB
VF9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE0D 4tVa(-b)
0 VFA & & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0
4tV 1
OE0E 4tVb(-c)
4V 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0
OE0F 4tVc(-a)
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FROM UNDERVOLTAGE
BLOCKING LOGIC
Figure 3. Under and overvoltage protection logic
The under/overvoltage protection included within the KVFG relays consists of four
independent stages which are configurable as either under or overvoltage
protection, using phase to phase or phase to neutral measuring. Each stage may
be selected as either IDMT or DT and outputs are available for either single or
three phase conditions.
Note: On the KVFG122, with system data link SDA = 1, the under/overvoltage
protection only gives an output signal on the A phase output contact. No
outputs can be given for either B or C phases.
Page 14 of 25

The following table details the voltage settings for the under/overvoltage elements;
Symbol Min Max Step

(Vn = 100/120V) 1V 5V 200V 1V
(Vn = 100/120V) 2V 5V 200V 1V
(Vn = 100/120V) 3V 5V 200V 1V
(Vn = 100/120V) 4V 5V 200V 1V
(Vn = 415/440V) 1V 20V 800V 4V
(Vn = 415/440V) 2V 20V 800V 4V
(Vn = 415/440) 3V 20V 800V 4V
(Vn = 415/440) 4V 20V 800V 4V

relay and the time taken to detect the under or overvoltage condition.
Symbol Min Max Step

DT Setting Stage 1 1tV 0 100s 0.01s graded
Page 15 of 25

formula:
Where;
K
t =
|M 1|
Where;
K = Time multiplier setting (1V(tms), etc)
Measured voltage
M=
Setting voltage
Symbol Min Max Step

K Setting Stage 1 1V(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
4.5 Undervoltage setting guidelines

In the majority of applications, undervoltage protection is not required to operate
during system earth fault conditions. If this is the case, the element should be
selected in the menu to operate from a phase to phase voltage measurement, as
this quantity is less affected by single phase voltage depressions due to earth
faults.
The voltage threshold setting for the undervoltage protection should be set at some
value below the voltage excursions which may be expected under normal system
operating conditions. This threshold is dependent upon the system in question but
typical healthy system voltage excursions may be in the order of 10% of nominal
value.
Similar comments apply with regard to a time setting for this element, ie. the
required time delay is dependent upon the time for which the system is able to
withstand a depressed voltage. As mentioned earlier, if motor loads are
connected, then a typical time setting may be in the order of 0.5 seconds.
4.6 Overvoltage setting guidelines
The inclusion of the multiple voltage stages and their respective operating
characteristics allows for a number of possible applications;
Use of the IDMT characteristic gives the option of a longer time delay if the
overvoltage condition is only slight but results in a fast trip for a severe
overvoltage. As the voltage settings for the stages are independent, a second
stage could then be set lower than the first to provide a time delayed alarm
stage if required.
Page 16 of 25
Alternatively, if preferred, multiple stages could be set to definite time and

configured to provide the required alarm and trip stages.
If only one stage of overvoltage protection is required, or if the element is
required to provide an alarm only, the remaining stages may be disabled within
the relay menu, or used for undervoltage applications.
This type of protection must be co-ordinated with any other overvoltage relays at
other locations on the system. This should be carried out in a similar manner to that
used for grading current operated devices.
Section 5. UNDER/OVERFREQUENCY PROTECTION
5.1 Application
An underfrequency condition will occur when the power system load exceeds the
available generated power, such as when a power system becomes split with load
left connected to a set of islanded generators that is in excess of their capacity.
Such events could be compensated for by automatic load shedding making the
underfrequency a transient condition.
Load shedding can be achieved by either voltage reduction, or by disconnection of
low priority loads. The voltage reduction method is only effective where the load
does not contain a large percentage of motors. Under such situations, the drop in
voltage will cause the connected motors to draw more current in an attempt to
maintain their speed, which will further increase the loading on the already
overloaded system. If uncontrolled, this could lead to a collapse of the system.
Disconnection of low priority loads is a more effective method of load reduction
and can be performed based upon various voltage or frequency measurement
methods. A common method is underfrequency load shedding, whereby at specific
levels of frequency various sections of load would be disconnected. Multiple stages
of underfrequency detection could be used to segregate the loads into non-
essential, essential and critical groupings thereby aiding in controlled plant
operation during abnormal conditions.
In the event of the load shedding being unsuccessful, a final stage of
underfrequency protection should be provided to totally disconnect all loads.
Overfrequencies arise when the generation is in excess of the electrical load and
losses. The most common occurrence of overfrequency is after substantial loss of
load when a rise in generating running speed occurs. The generation control
equipment should quickly respond so that normal running speed is quickly
regained but overfrequency protection may be required as a backup protection
function to cater for failures.
The frequency protection included within the KVFG relays consists of four
independent stages which are configurable as either under or overfrequency
elements.
Page 17 of 25
FROM UNDERVOLTAGE
BLOCKING LOGIC
ODO8 Blk 1tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE10 1tF
FFO FF1 & 1tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0
1 1 1F
ODO9 Blk 2tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE11 2tF
FF2 FF3 & 2tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0
1 1 2F
ODOA Blk 3tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE12 3tF
FF4 FF5 & 3tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0
1 1 3F
ODOB Blk 4tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE13 4tF
FF6 FF7 & 4tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0
1 1 4F
Figure 4. Under/overfrequency protection logic
Please note that the frequency protection will only function correctly when a
suitable voltage signal is being presented to the relay. As such, no frequency
protection should be used with only the residual voltage input connected, or when
there is insufficient voltage to allow tracking. (Please see Section 7 on
Undervoltage Blocking).
5.2 Frequency settings
The following table details the frequency settings for the under/overfrequency
elements;
Symbol Min Max Step

Frequency Threshold Stage 1 1F 46.00Hz 64.00Hz 0.01Hz

Each stage has a definite time characteristic. The operation time will be the set time
for the time delay, plus the operation time of the output relay and the time taken to
detect the under or overfrequency condition.
Page 18 of 25
Symbol Min Max Step

DT Setting Stage 1 1tF 0 100s 0.01s graded
5.4 Setting guidlines

The frequency measuring elements use the inherent frequency tracking capabilities
of the relay to provide a measurement. The requirement of this tracking feature is
that the element should be extremely stable and accurate (accuracy is better than
0.1%) but as a result this makes the element slow in comparison to other
techniques eg, zero crossing etc. Typically, operation of the frequency element will
occur in less than 200ms (not including any intentional time delay), but this will
increase as the deviation from setting decreases. Please view Appendix 4 where
the typical operating times for the under and over frequency elements are shown,
when no intentional delay is set.
5.4.1 Underfrequency setting guidelines
The protection function should be set so that declared frequency-time limits for the
system are not exceeded.
On industrial sites it is now common for local loads and generation to be operated
in parallel with the local supply authority. In this situation, the KVFG could be used
to provide both local load shedding facilities and underfrequency protection, to
allow disconnection of non-essential loads in an attempt to maintain the system
frequency, prior to disconnection from the local authority. Typical settings could see
shedding of non-essential loads at 4% of system frequency, essential loads at 5%
of system frequency and disconnection from the local authority at 6%. Another
load shedding stage could also be implemented, at the expense of being able to
provide any over frequency protection.
Where separate load shedding equipment is provided, the KVFG underfrequency
protection should co-ordinate with it. This will ensure that tripping will not occur in
the event of successful load shedding following a system overload. Two stages of
underfrequency protection could be set-up, as illustrated in Figure 5, to co-ordinate
with multi-stage system load-shedding.
Frequency
fn
A
F1< A System frequency response with
minimum load shed for recovery
B
B System frequency response with
C under shedding of load
F2< C Optimum underfrequency

protection characteristic
Turbine prohibited area
2 1 Time
Figure 5. Co-ordination of underfrequency protection

Page 19 of 25
5.4.2 Overfrequency setting guidelines

The KVFG overfrequency settings should be selected to co-ordinate with normal,
transient over frequency excursions following full-load rejection. ie. allow time for
the generation control systems to recover from the situation. Depending upon the
application of the relay, this could result in settings as high as +10% of system
frequency for generator protection, or +1% of system frequency for disconnecting
from local authority supplies.
Section 6. NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE

PROTECTION
6.1 Application
Where an incoming feeder is supplying a switchboard which is feeding rotating
plant (eg. induction motors), correct phasing and balance of the ac supply is
essential. Incorrect phase rotation will result in any connected motors rotating in
the wrong direction. For directionally sensitive applications, such as lifts and
conveyor belts, it may be unacceptable to allow this to happen.
Any unbalanced condition occurring on the incoming supply will result in the
presence of negative phase sequence (nps) components of voltage. In the event of
incorrect phase rotation, the supply voltage would effectively consist of 100%
negative phase sequence voltage only. By monitoring the input voltage rotation
and magnitude (normally from a bus connected voltage transformer), interlocking
can be arranged with the motor contactor or circuit breaker to prevent the motor
from being energised whilst incorrect phase rotation exists.
The negative sequence overvoltage protection included within the KVFG relays
consists of two independent stages which may be selected as either IDMT or DT.
A third threshold may also be set for preventing remote close commands (see
Section 8).
ODOC Blk 1tV2

NSO 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE14 1tV2
0 1V2 & 1tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
ODOD Blk 2tV2
NS1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE15 2tV2
0 2V2 & 2tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
Figure 6. Negative sequence overvoltage protection logic
Note: On the KVFG 122, with system data link SDA = 1, the negative sequence
voltage measurement, protection and blocking elements are disabled.
Page 20 of 25

The following table details the voltage settings for the negative sequence
overvoltage elements;
Symbol Min Max Step
(Vn = 100/120V) 1V2 5V 150V 1V
(Vn = 100/120V) 2V2 5V 150V 1V
(Vn = 415/440V) 1V2 20V 600V 4V
(Vn = 415/440V) 2V2 20V 600V 4V
The negative sequence is based upon a calculation using the phase-phase voltages
applied to the relay. Due to this measurement technique, the accuracy below
settings of 15V (60V on 440V versions) on the KVFG 122 and 5V (20V on 440V
versions) on the KVFG 142 fall outside the normal accuracy claims.
relay and the time taken to detect the under or overvoltage condition.
Symbol Min Max Step

DT Setting Stage 1 1tV2 0.5 100s 0.01s graded
DT Setting Stage 2 2tV2 0.5 100s 0.01s graded

formula:
K
t =
(M 1)
Where;
K = Time multiplier setting (eg. V2(tms), etc)
Measured negative sequence voltage
M=
Negative sequence setting voltage
Symbol Min Max Step
K Setting Stage 1 1V2(tms) 0.5 100s 0.5
K Setting Stage 2 2V2(tms) 0.5 100s 0.5
Page 21 of 25
6.5 Setting guidelines

As stated above, as the primary concern is normally the detection of incorrect
phase rotation (rather than small unbalances), a sensitive setting is not usually
required. In addition, it must be ensured that the setting is above any standing nps
voltage that may be present due to imbalances in the measuring VT, relay
tolerances etc. A setting of approximately 15% of rated voltage may be typical.
Note that standing levels of nps voltage (V2) will be displayed in the measurements
column of the relay menu. Hence, if more sensitive settings are required, they may
be determined during the commissioning stage by viewing the actual level that is
present.
Section 7. UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING
7.1 Blocking the undervoltage elements

Whenever the measured voltage falls below any undervoltage setting, the element
will start to time and on completion of operation, given an output indication.
For most applications this would be the required response, even when the VT is
de-energised.
If the KVFG was connected to a line which was also provided with an auto-reclose
scheme, during a transient fault the line would be initially de-energised and then
successfully reclosed to give normal voltage conditions. Often it is undesirable to
give an undervoltage alarm during this period, and as such the undervoltage
elements may be prevented from operating. This can be achieved by three
methods within the KVFG as can be seen in Figure 7.
7.1.1 Extended time delays
In order to prevent operation during the auto-reclose cycle, the time delay
associated with the undervoltage elements could be extended such that an
undervoltage condition would have to persist for longer than the longest possible
auto-reclose cycle. However, this method would require the KVFG to have long
time delays which would give slow operation for genuine undervoltage conditions
where auto-reclose would not be initiated.
7.1.2 CB auxiliary contact monitoring
An auxiliary contact (52b or normally closed) from the CB mechanism could be
used to energise the blocking input associated with the undervoltage stage(s) so
that when the circuit breaker was open, the element was prevented from operating.
This would prevent the relay element from being able to complete operation during
a line de-energisation condition.
7.1.3 Undervoltage blocking
By selection of voltage function link VFD = 1, the undervoltage elements can be
blocked when the relay measures a voltage below a fixed figure in all measured
phases. This means that for a KVFG 142 all three measured phase or line voltages
would need to drop below 15V on a 110V rated relay (55V on a 415V rated
relay). For a KVFG 122 operation would depend upon the selected mode of
operation but the operation is similar, merely depending upon whether one or both
inputs must fall below the fixed threshold.
Page 22 of 25
TO VOLTAGE
ELEMENTS
VFD
0
1
Va(b)<
TO FREQUENCY
Vb(c)< SDA & ELEMENTS
0
1
Figure 7a. Undervoltage blocking logic (KVFG 122)
TO VOLTAGE
ELEMENTS
VFD
0
1
Va(b)<
Vb(c)< TO FREQUENCY
&
ELEMENTS
Vc(a)<
Figure 7b. Undervoltage blocking logic (KVFG 142)
It should be noted that the residual voltage inputs are not used within the
undervoltage blocking check.
7.2 Blocking the frequency elements
As described in Section 1 of Chapter 3, the relay is capable of tracking voltages
with a fundamental frequency in the range of 45Hz 65Hz. However, if the
voltage falls to a value such that accurate tracking could not occur, it is
conceivable that the frequency elements could maloperate. This is of particular
relevance during line energisation and de-energisation when significant distortion
of the waveforms can be experienced. To prevent any possibility of mal-indication,
the frequency elements are all blocked by the same undervoltage blocking
elements described in Section 7.1.3 above, and shown in Figure 7. This internal
logic provides a blocking signal to the frequency elements, regardless of whether
they are set as under or overfrequency.
All the frequency elements can also be blocked via the opto-isolated inputs,
provided appropriate input mask settings have been made.
Page 23 of 25
Section 8. NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE BLOCKING
As discussed in Section 6, when supplying directionally sensitive motors it should

be ensured that correct phase rotation is applied to the motor terminals. Even if
correct phase rotation is applied, a small amount of unbalance can cause rapid
heating of the motor due to higher frequency components of current being induced.
Normally, the motor protection relay would account for these factors and take any
precautionary action to prevent closure of the incoming supply onto the motor
terminals.
The KVFG relays can provide monitoring of the negative phase voltages which will
be present during unbalance, or when incorrect phase rotation occurs.
The negative sequence overvoltage protection elements could then be arranged to
prevent closure of the supply onto the motor via external scheme wiring.
Alternatively, closure of the circuit breaker or contactor could be controlled via the
KVFG circuit breaker control logic. By this method both local and remote closure
commands could be prevented if the amount of negative sequence voltage
exceeded the V2 Cl Bl setting. This would require function links NS2 and SD9 both
to be set equal to 1 as may be seen in Figure 8.
ODOE L Trip
OE16 CB Trip
1 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD2 Trip Circuit Breaker
0
1 Close Circuit Breaker OE17 CB Close
ODOF L Close tCLOSE
1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESET
V2 Cl Bl NS2 SD9
0 1 0
1 1
OD1O Ext Trip
GENERATE CIRCUIT BREAKER

1 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
LOG6 RLY 3
0
LATCH RED TRIP LED
1 RLY 7 LATCH FLAGS
GENERATE FAULT RECORD &
COPY TO EVENT RECORDS
Figure 8. CB control logic including blocking signals

Page 24 of 25
Section 9. AUXILIARY TIMERS
When the auxiliary timers tAUX1, tAUX2, and tAUX3 are not being used by the
internal logic of the relay they may be used as discrete time delay elements.
Timer tAUX1 will start to time when a logic input assigned in the input masks is
energised. It will then energise an output relay assigned in the associated output
masks after the set time has elapsed. Alternatively, it can be used to give a reset
delay for the disturbance recorder and trip flags (see Section 5 of Chapter5).
Timer tAUX2 and tAUX3 can be selected to either give a delay on pick-up action
(as described for tAUX1 above) or delay on drop-off action. When selected as
delay on drop-off, the appropriate output will be energised for as long as the input
is energised. On input de-energisation, the timer will start to time and at the end of
the set time delay, the output relay will de-energise and open the contact.
The time delay can be individually set for each of the auxiliary timers, and can be
selected over the range of 0 seconds to 24 days. To aid setting, the step size is
graded so that as the operation time increases, the step size increases also.
The initial step size is 0.01 seconds.
SD5
0
1 RESET TRIP FLAGS
OD11 Aux1 SD8 RESET

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 DISTURBANCE
SD8 1 1 RECORDER
0 Recorder Stopped
1
1 tAUX1 OE18 Aux1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG3
OD12 Aux2 0 OE19 Aux2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 tAUX2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
LOG5
OD13 Aux3 0 OE1A Aux3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 tAUX3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
Figure 9. Auxiliary timers

Page 25 of 25
Section 10. SETTING GROUP SELECTION
The relay has two setting groups, both of which are visible as supplied. To make
the second group of settings invisible in the menu, set function link SD4 = 0 in the
SYSTEM DATA column. The value of the group 2 settings is unimportant when link
SD4 = 0, because group 1 settings will be in use by default. The menu cell 000E,
in the SYSTEM DATA column, is a read only cell that displays the setting group that
is in operation.
OD14 Set Grp2 SD5

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 CHANGE TO
1
SD5 1 SETTING GROUP 2
0 Remote Set Grp2 SET
1
Remote Set Grp1 RESET
Figure 10. Setting group selection logic
10.1 Remote change of setting group

Link [SD3] must be set to 1 before the relay will respond to a remote command
to change the selected setting group. Because the command cannot be sustained
over the serial link a set/reset register is used to remember the remotely selected
setting group. When link SD3 = 1, the set/reset register shall change to 0/1 in
response to the respective commands <Set Group 1>/<Set Group 2> via the serial
port. When the value of set/reset register is 0 then the group 1 settings shall be
in operation and when its value is 1 the group 2 settings will be in operation.
The state of this register is stored when the relay is powered down and restored on
power up.
When link SD3 = 0 the value of the set/reset register will no longer change in
response to remote commands and will retain its last set state prior to setting
SD3 = 0. When link SD3 = 0 the value of the cell cannot be changed via the serial
port and the value of this register will have no effect on the setting group in use.
Note: If [SD4] = 0 then the group 2 settings will be hidden and group 1 will be
active by default.
10.2 Controlled change of setting group
Link SD4 must be set to 1 to make the second setting group active. Energising a
logic input allocated in mask [0D14 Set Grp2] will select setting group 2.
This logic input could be energised via the contacts of one of the output relays so
that the change of setting group will be in response to some protection function.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Chapter 5
Measurement and Records
Contents
1. MEASURE 1 1
1.1 Voltage 1
1.1.1 KVFG 142 relay 1
1.1.2 KVFG 122 relay 1
1.2 Frequency 1
2. MEASURE 2 2
2.1 Positive and negative sequence voltage 2
2.2 Circuit breaker operations. 2
3. FAULT RECORDS 2
3.1 Fault data 2
3.1.1 Relay type KVFG 122 set to Neutral displacement plus phase-neutral or
phase-phase mode 2
3.1.2 Relay type KVFG 122 set to Two phase to phase mode 2
3.1.3 Relay Type KVFG 142 3
3.2 Generating fault records 3
3.3 Accessing fault records 3
3.4 Resetting fault records 4
4. EVENT RECORDS 4
4.1 Triggering event records 4
4.2 Time tagging of event records 4
4.3 Accessing and resetting event records 5
5. DISTURBANCE RECORDS 5
5.1 Recorder control 5
5.2 Recorder capture 6
5.3 Recorder post trigger 6
5.4 Recorder logic trigger 6
5.5 Recorder relay trigger 6
5.6 Notes on recorded times 7
5.7 Disturbance recorder reset options 7
6. CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS 7
6.1 Circuit breaker operations counter 7
6.2 Circuit breaker maintenance alarm 8
7. ALARM RECORDS 8
7.1 Watchdog 8
7.2 Trip indication 8
7.3 Alarm indication 8
FIGURES
Figure 1 Record initiation logic 3
Figure 2 Recorder reset 7
Figure 3 Circuit breaker alarm 7
Page 1 of 8
Section 1. MEASURE 1
1.1 Voltage
Voltage is measured once per power frequency cycle and a Fourier filter is used to
extract the fundamental component. The voltage measurements available are
dependant on the KVFG model and operating mode.
1.1.1 KVFG 142 relay
The phase-neutral voltages are measured directly when the internal VTs are star
connected. The phase voltages (Va, Vb, Vc) are then stored in menu locations
0208, 0209 and 020A. From the phase-neutral voltages the phase-phase voltages
are calculated (Vab, Vbc, Vca) and stored in menu locations 0205, 0206 and
0207. The residual voltage (Vo), is measured directly from the Vo input and stored
in menu location 020B when function link ND3=0. When function link ND3=1 the
residual voltage (Vo) is calculated by summing the three phase-neutral voltages
together and storing the result in menu location 020B.
When the relay is connected in 2 phase-phase input mode the voltages stored in
menu locations 0208, 0209 and 020A (Va, Vb, Vc) are not true representations of
the phase-neutral voltages as there is no ground reference. From these voltages the
correct phase-phase voltage for all three phases is calculated (Vab, Vbc and Vca)
and stored in menu locations 0205, 0206 and 0207 respectively. The residual
voltage can only be measured from a direct input when the relay is connected in 2
phase-phase input mode as the calculated Vo obtained when ND3=1 will be
incorrect.
1.1.2 KVFG 122 relay
When the relay is connected with 1 phase-neutral/phase-phase input and residual
voltage input (function link SDA has to be set to 1) the phase-phase voltage is
stored in menu location 0205 labelled as Vab. When a phase-neutral voltage is
being measured the function link VFC needs to be set to 1 so that the phase-neutral
voltage will be stored in the correct menu location 0208 labelled Va. The residual
voltage measurement (Vo) is stored in menu location 020B.
When the relay is connected with 2 phase-phase inputs (function link SDA has to
be set to 0), the phase-phase voltages Vab and Vbc are measured and stored in
menu locations 0205 and 0206. From these 2 measured phase-phase voltages the
third phase-phase quantity (Vca) is calculated and stored in menu location 0207.
No residual voltage measurement is available in this mode.
1.2 Frequency
The sampling frequency of the analogue/digital converter is synchronised to the
power system frequency when there is a signal of sufficient strength to reliably
make a frequency measurement. In the absence of a signal to frequency track the
sampling frequency defaults to the power frequency setting in menu cell 0009.
For protection functions the measured frequency defaults to the power frequency
setting when the voltage is zero. The displayed frequency measurement will also
be the sampling frequency, but in this case it will read 0 when the frequency
tracking stops.
Page 2 of 8
Section 2. MEASURE 2
2.1 Positive and negative sequence voltage

From 2 phase-phase voltages (Vab, Vbc) the positive and negative sequence
voltages (V1, V2) are calculated and stored in menu locations 0305 and 0306
respectively. This measurement is not available on KVFG122 in 1 phase-phase/
phase-neutral and residual voltage mode (function link SDA=1).
2.2 Circuit breaker operations.
The Circuit Breaker Operations Counter is incremented by 1 each time the circuit
breaker is operated (See Chapter 5 Section 6.1). The value of the counter is stored
in menu cell location 0307 and can be reset to zero by pressing the [0] key for at
least 1 second.
Section 3. FAULT RECORDS
A full record is stored for each of the last five faults, with the new record
overwriting the oldest. These records are stored in non volatile memory and are
retained when the relay is powered down.
When the record opens the values of voltage are stored. The fault flags will be
latched when the voltage falls below 15V on the 110V input version or 55V on the
415V version or the initiating function resets.
Fault records are copied to the event recorder and stored with a time tag.
3.1 Fault data
Fault records contain different information depending on the relay type and
application.
3.1.1 Relay type KVFG 122 set to Neutral displacement plus phase-neutral or phase-
phase mode
The fault records contain the following data:
Fault flags
Residual voltage Vo
Va or Vab depending on selection of function link VFC
Frequency
3.1.2 Relay type KVFG 122 set to Two phase to phase mode:
Fault flags
Phase to phase voltages
Negative sequence voltage V2
Frequency
Page 3 of 8
3.1.3 Relay Type KVFG 142:

Fault flags
Residual voltage Vo
Phase to ground and phase to phase voltages
Negative sequence voltage V2
Frequency
3.2 Generating fault records
ODOE L Trip
OE16 CB Trip
SD2 1 tTRIP
Trip Circuit Breaker
Close Circuit Breaker OE17 CB Close

ODOF L Close 1 tCLOSE CIRCUIT BREAKER
RESET CONTROL
NS2 SD9
1
V2 Cl Bl
OD1O Ext Trip
1 GENERATE CIRCUIT BREAKER

RLY 3 MAINTENANCE RECORDS FAULT RECORD
LOG6 LATCH RED TRIP LED & FLAG LATCH
RLY 7 LATCH FLAGS INITIATION
Figure 1: Record initiation logic
Fault records are generated when output relay RLY3, or a logic input assigned in
the input mask [0A09 EXT TRIP], is energised. The fault flags will be latched and
the trip LED lit in response to these two inputs. The circuit breaker operations will
be incremented and the breaker fail protection initiated by either of these two
inputs.
Relay RLY7 is used for remote, or manual trip, and can be arranged to trigger the
generation of fault records and increment circuit breaker operations by setting link
LOG6 = 1.
3.3 Accessing fault records
Fault records can be accessed by selecting [0101 Fault No Fn] in the [FLT
RECORD] column menu. The fault number (Fn) denotes the record for the last fault
and the record for previous faults can be selected by successive long presses of the
[0] key. Fn-1 is the previous fault and Fn-2 is the one before that, etc.
The [0] key enables fault record selection with the cover in place on the relay, but
for remote selection, the usual change setting commands will give a quicker
response. With the cover removed and menu cell [0101 Fault No Fn] displayed,
the [+] and [] keys can be used to change to the required record number.
Page 4 of 8
3.4 Resetting fault records

All five fault records can be cleared by selecting cell 0110, the last cell under fault
records and pressing the [0] key for at least 1 second.
Note: If fault records are being viewed with ACCESS or PAS&T software; press the
return key and then select the reset cell option to reset all five fault records.
Section 4. EVENT RECORDS
Fifty time tagged event records can be stored, after which the oldest record is
overwritten. They are stored in volatile memory and will be lost if the relay is
powered down. The event records can only be accessed via the serial
communication port and PC software is available to support the automatic
extraction and storing of these records.
The following items are recorded by the event recorder:
Fault records including: fault flags and fault voltages.
Setting changes made via the user interface on the front of the relay
Logic events: status change of logic inputs and/or output relays
Alarms: internal equipment alarms detected by self monitoring functions.
The number of full fault records that can be stored in events records can be
increased by setting link SD7=0 to inhibit storage of logic events.
4.1 Triggering event records
Event records are triggered automatically in response to the functions listed in the
previous section.
4.2 Time tagging of event records
The K Range relays do not have a real time clock. Instead, they each have a free-
running 32-bit counter that increments every 1ms. When an event occurs, the value
of this millisecond counter is recorded (Ta) and stored in the event buffer.
When the event is extracted, the present value of the millisecond counter is also
sent in the message (Tb). The master station must record the actual time at which it
received the event message (Tc). This is equivalent to Tb if we consider the
transmission time of the event over the communication network to be negligible.
It then calculates how long ago the event occurred by:
How long ago = (Tb Ta) ms
Real time = (time message was received) (how long ago it occurred)
= (Tc) (Tb Ta) ms
Time tagging is to a resolution of 1ms, the incrementation rate of the counter and
remains valid for approximately 49 days. However, the crystal to control the timing
has a nominal accuracy of 50 ppm, is not externally synchronised and has no
temperature compensation. It can therefore introduce an error of 1s in every 5.5
hours.
The event recording was originally designed for use with automatic extraction
programs running on a personal computer (PC) when these timing errors would be
insignificant. Refer to Chapter 5, Section 5.6 for notes on recorded times, as these
apply equally to event records.
Page 5 of 8
4.3 Accessing and resetting event records

Event records cannot be viewed on the relay and can only be accessed via the
serial communication port of the relay. A PC with suitable software, such as PAS&T,
can automatically extract the records, display them on a screen, print them, or
store them to either a floppy disk or to the hard disk of the computer.
When a new record is generated the oldest event record is automatically
overwritten and the event flag set. The PAS&T software responds to this flag and
extracts the record. When all records have been read, the event flag resets.
Section 5. DISTURBANCE RECORDS
The internal disturbance recorder has one channel allocated to each of the
measured analogue quantities (not calculated analogue values such as Negative
Sequence Voltage V2); one to record the eight control inputs and one to record the
eight relay outputs. As with the event recorder, when the buffer is full the oldest
record is overwritten and records are deleted if the auxiliary supply to the relay is
removed. This ensures that when the buffer is read the contents will all be valid.
The disturbance recorder is stopped and the record frozen, a set time after a
selected trigger has been activated. For example, a protection trip command could
be the selected trigger and the delay would then set the duration of the trace after
the fault.
Each sample has a time tag attached to it so that when the waveform is
reconstituted it can be plotted at the correct point against the time scale, thus
ensuring that the time base is correct and independent of the frequency.
The KVFG relays measure eight samples per cycle, but the method of recording
allows the analysis program to perform with records that may have a different
sample rate.
The disturbance recorder may be triggered by several different methods dependent
on the settings in the RECORDER column of the menu. However, the records have
to be read via the serial communication port and suitable additional software is
required to reconstruct and display the waveforms. Only one complete record is
stored and the recorder must be reset before another record can be captured.
5.1 Recorder control
This cell displays the state of the recorder :
a) RUNNING recorder storing data (overwriting oldest data)
b) TRIGGERED recorder stop delay triggered
c) STOPPED recorder stopped and record ready for retrieval
When this cell is selected, manual control is possible and to achieve this the relay
must be put into the setting mode by pressing the [+] key. A flashing cursor will
then appear on the bottom line of the display at the left-hand side. The [+] key will
then select running and the [] key will select triggered. When the appropriate
function has been selected the [F] key is pressed to accept the selection and the
selected function will take effect when the [+] key is pressed to confirm the
selection. To abort the selection at any stage, press the reset key [0].
Page 6 of 8
5.2 Recorder capture

The recorder can capture:
a) SAMPLES the individual samples
b) MAGNITUDES the Fourier derived amplitudes
c) PHASES the Fourier derived phase angles
The relay has no electro-mechanical adjustments, all calibration is effected in
software and all three of the above options are used in the calibration process.
For normal use as a fault recorder, SAMPLES will be the most useful.
However, for 60Hz systems there is less processing time available per cycle and if
all the protection functions have been activated the menu system, being the lowest
priority task, may appear very slow. To improve this the disturbance recorder
should be stopped (triggered) via the menu. If records are still required at this time
then it is suggested that the recorder is set to record magnitudes rather than
samples because this will use less of the available processing time.
5.3 Recorder post trigger
The post trigger setting determines the length of the trace that occurs after the stop
trigger is received. This may be set to any value between 1 and 512 samples.
When recording samples the total trace duration is 512/8 = 64 cycles because
the interval between the samples is equivalent to one eighth of a cycle. However,
the Fourier derived values are calculated once per cycle and so the total trace
length when recording these calculated phase or amplitude values is 512 cycles.
5.4 Recorder logic trigger
Any, or all, of the opto-isolated inputs may be used as the stop trigger and the
trigger may be taken from either the energisation or the de-energisation of these
inputs. The bottom line of the display for this cell will show a series of 16
characters, each of which may be set to 1 or 0. A 1 will select the input as a
trigger and a 0 will deselect it.
The selection is made using the instructions for the setting links in Chapter 3,
Section 4.10. The opto-isolated input (L0 to L7) associated with each digit is shown
on the top line of the display for the digit underlined by the cursor. A + preceding
it will indicate that the trigger will occur for energisation and a will indicate
the trigger will occur for de-energisation.
Note: Only L0 to L2 opto-isolated inputs are available on a KVFG 122.
5.5 Recorder relay trigger
Any, or all, of the output relays may be used as a stop trigger and the trigger may
be taken from either the energisation or the de-energisation of these outputs. The
bottom line of the display for this cell will show a series of 16 characters, each of
which may be set to 1 or 0. A 1 will select the input and a 0 will deselect it.
The selection is made using the instructions for setting links in Chapter 3, Section
4.10. The output relay (RLY0 to RLY7) associated with each digit underlined by the
cursor is shown on the top line of the display. A + preceding it will indicate that
the trigger will occur for energisation and a will indicate the trigger will occur
for de-energisation.
Note: Only RLY0 to RLY3 output relays are available on a KVFG 122.
Page 7 of 8
5.6 Notes on recorded times

The times recorded for the opto-isolated inputs is the time at which the relay
accepted them as valid and responded to their selected control function. This will
be 12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz (10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz) after the opto-input was
energised.
The time recorded for the output relays is the time at which the coil of the relay was
energised and the contacts will close approximately 5ms later. Otherwise the time
tags are generally to a resolution of 1ms for events and to a resolution of 1s for
the samples values.
5.7 Disturbance recorder reset options
SD5
RESET TRIP FLAGS
OD11 Aux1 DISTURBANCE
SD8 RESET RECORDER
1 DISTURBANCE RESET
Recorder RECORDER
SD8 1 tAUX1 Stopped
OE18 Aux1
Recorder
Stopped
Figure 2: Recorder reset
The disturbance recorder is reset via cell [0F01 Control]. Alternatively it can be
arranged to reset automatically after a time delay by setting function SD8=1 and
then tAUX1 can be set to the necessary reset delay. The setting range for tAUX1 is
0 to 24 days in graduated steps with the smallest step of 10ms. With this option
the recorder can be reset instantaneously by energising a logic input that is
assigned in the input mask [0D11 Aux1].
Section 6. CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS
LOG7 OE1E CB Alarm

CIRCUIT
CB(ops) BREAKER ALARM
Figure 3: Circuit breaker alarm
6.1 Circuit breaker operations counter

A register sums the number of circuit breaker operations and the value can be
accessed via menu cell 0310 under the column heading MEASURE 2. This record
is updated every time output relay RLY3 operates, or an opto input assigned in
input mask [0A09 Ext Trip] is energised by an external trip. If link LOG6=1 then
operation of relay RLY7 will also be able to increment this register. RLY7 is normally
used for manual or remote trips via the trip pulse timer (tTRIP).
Page 8 of 8
This function is inhibited if link LOG7=0 and operative if LOG7=1. Incrementation

of this counter can be blocked during testing by setting link LOG7 = 0.
The value of the counter can be reset to zero when it is displayed, by pressing the
reset key [0] for at least 1 second. Alternatively a reset cell command can be sent
via the serial communication port. These cells are password protected and cannot
be reset if the password has not been entered.
6.2 Circuit breaker maintenance alarm
A threshold can be set on the circuit breaker operations counter. The settings will
be found in menu cells [0C07 CB Ops>] under the LOGIC column heading.
When the threshold is exceeded the output mask [0E1E CB Alarm] will be
energised and any relay assigned in this mask will pick-up to initiate an alarm.
This is the only form of alarm that is generated, except for the change in state of
the output relay, which may be recorded in the event records if link SD7=1.
The alarm will be inhibited if link LOG7=0, or if the output relay is de-selected in
the relay mask.
Section 7. ALARM RECORDS
7.1 Watchdog
The watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is operational to indicate a healthy
state, with its make contact closed. When an alarm condition is detected that
requires some action to be taken, the watchdog relay will reset and its break
contact will close to give an alarm.
7.2 Trip indication
The trip LED will be lit following a trip condition where output relay RLY3 has
operated, or a logic input that has been assigned in input mask [0D10 EXT Trip]
has been energised.
Relay RLY7 is generally reserved for remote trip initiation via the serial
communication port. When link LOG6 = 1 and relay RLY7 is assigned in output
mask [0E16 CB Trip] the trip LED will be lit if relay RLY7 has operated. Relay RLY7
can also be initiated for manual trips via the trip pulse timer (tTRIP) by assigning a
logic input in mask [0D0E LTrip] to give a trip indication. When relay RLY7
operates and link LOG6 = 1, the default display changes to the fault flag display
and a letter R is displayed in the extreme right-hand position on the bottom line of
the display to indicate a remote trip.
If link LOG6 =0 relay RLY7 can be freely assigned to any output function, without
creating a trip indication.
7.3 Alarm indication
The alarm LED will flash when the password has been entered. It will be lit and
remain steady when an internal fault has been detected by its self test routine.
The alarm flags can then be accessed to determine the fault, provided the relay is
still able to perform this function. See Chapter 3, Section 6 for more information on
alarm flags.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Chapter 6
Serial Communications
Contents
1. COURIER LANGUAGE AND PROTOCOL 1

2. K-BUS 1
2.1 K-Bus transmission layer 2
2.2 K-Bus connections 2
2.3 Ancillary equipment 3
3. SOFTWARE SUPPORT 3
3.1 Courier Access 3
3.2 PAS&T 4
3.3 K-Graph 4
3.4 Courier-Comm 4
3.5 PC requirements 4
3.6 Modem requirements 5
4. DATA FOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION 5
4.1 Relay address 5
4.2 Measured values 6
4.3 Status word 6
4.4 Plant status word 6
4.5 Control status word 7
4.6 Logic input status word 7
4.7 Output relay status word 7
4.8 Alarm indications 7
4.9 Event records 8
4.10 Notes on recorded times 8
4.11 Protection flags 9
4.12 Fault records 10
4.13 Disturbance records 10
5. SETTING CONTROL 10
5.1 Remote setting change 11
5.2 Remote control of setting group 11
6. REMOTE OPERATION OF OUTPUT RELAYS 11
7. CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL 12
7.1 Remote control of circuit breaker 13
7.2 Local control of the circuit breaker 13
7.3 Safe manual closing of the circuit breaker 13
7.3.1 Closing the circuit breaker via the serial communication port 13
7.3.2 Closing the circuit breaker via a lead mounted push-button 13
7.3.3 Delayed manual closure of the circuit breaker 14
8. AIDS TO CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE 14
FIGURES
Figure 1. Typical K-Bus connection diagram 2
Figure 2. Circuit breaker control logic 12
Page 1 of 14
Section 1. COURIER LANGUAGE AND PROTOCOL
Serial communications are supported over K-Bus, a multi-drop network that readily
interfaces to IEC 60870-5 FT1.2 standards. The language and protocol used for
communication is Courier. It has been especially developed to enable generic
master station programs to access many different types of relay without the
continual need to modify the master station program for each relay type.
The relays form a distributed data base and the master station polls the slave relays
for any information required.
This includes:
Measured values
Menu text
Settings and setting limits
Fault records
Event records
Disturbance records
Plant status
Software is available to support both on-line and off-line setting changes to be
made and the automatic extraction and storage of event and disturbance records
as described in Section 3.
Courier is designed to operate using a polled system, which prevents a slave
device from communicating directly to a master control unit when it needs to inform
it that something has happened; it must wait until the master control unit requests
the information. A feature of Courier is that each piece of information is packeted
by preceding it with a data type and length code. By knowing the format of the
data the receiving device can interpret it.
The Courier Communication Manual describes various aspects of this language
and other communication information necessary to interface these devices to other
equipment. It gives details on the hardware and software interfaces as well as
guidelines on how additional devices should implement the Courier language so
as to be consistent with all other devices.
Section 2. K-BUS
K-Bus is a communication system developed to connect remote slave devices to a

central master control unit, thus allowing remote control and monitoring functions to
be performed using an appropriate communication language. It is not designed to
allow direct communication between slave devices, but merely between a master
control unit and several slave devices. The main features of K-Bus are:
cost effectiveness
high security
ease of installation
ease of use.
Page 2 of 14
Each relay in the K Range has a serial communication port configured to K-Bus
standards. K-Bus is a communication interface and protocol designed to meet the
requirements of communication with protective relays and transducers within the
power system substation environment. It has the same reliability as the protective
relays themselves and does not result in their performance being degraded in any
way. Error checking and noise rejection have been of major importance in its
design.
2.1 K-Bus transmission layer
The communication port is based on RS485 voltage transmission and reception
levels with galvanic isolation provided by a transformer. A polled protocol is used
and no relay unit is allowed to transmit unless it receives a valid message,
addressed to it without any detected error. Transmission is synchronous over a pair
of screened wires and the data is FM0 coded with the clock signal to remove any
dc component so that the signal will pass through transformers.
With the exception of the master units, each node in the network is passive and
any failed unit on the system will not interfere with communication to the other
units. The frame format is HDLC and the data rate is 64kbits/s.
2.2 K-Bus connections
Connection to the K-Bus port is by standard Midos 4mm screw terminals or snap-on
connectors. A twisted pair of wires is all that is required; the polarity of connection
is not important. It is recommended that an outer screen is used with an earth
connected to the screen at the master station end only. Termination of the screen is
effected with the U shaped terminal supplied and which has to be secured with a
self tapping screw in the hole in the terminal block just below terminal 56, as
1
54
56
K-Bus
Screened 2 core cable
Figure 1. Typical K-Bus connection diagram

Page 3 of 14
shown in the diagram. Operation has been tested up to 32 units connected along
1,000 metres of cable. The specification for suitable cable will be found in the
technical data section. The method of encoding the data results in the polarity of
the connection to the bus wiring being unimportant.
Note: K-Bus must be terminated with a 150 resistor at each end of the bus.
The master station can be located at any position, but the bus should only
be driven from one unit at a time.
2.3 Ancillary equipment
The minimum requirement to communicate with the relay is a K-Bus/IEC 60870-5
converter box type KITZ and suitable software to run on an IBM or compatible
personal computer.
RS232 interconnection lead for connecting the KITZ to a personal computer (PC)
and software as described in Section 3.
Section 3. SOFTWARE SUPPORT
3.1 Courier Access

The Courier Access program is supplied with each KITZ and it allows on-line
access to any relay or other slave device on the system. It polls all available
addresses on the bus to build a list of the active relays. Each relay can be
programmed with a product description (16 characters) and a plant reference
(16 characters).
A particular relay may then be chosen and accessed to display a table listing the
menu column headings. Selecting a heading from the list and pressing the return
key of the computer returns the full page of data that has been selected.
Selecting a setting from the displayed page and pressing the return key again will
bring up the setting change box displaying the current setting value and the
maximum and minimum limits of setting that have been extracted from the relay.
A new setting may be typed in and entered. The new value will be sent to the relay
and the relay will send back a copy of the data it received. If the returned value
matches what was sent, it is judged to have been received correctly and the
display asks for confirmation that the new setting is to be entered. When the
execution command is issued the relay checks the setting is within limits, stores it,
then replies to state if the new value has been accepted, or rejected.
If the setting selected is password protected, the relay will reply that access is
denied. Any data received in error is automatically resent. Any data not
understood, but received without error is ignored.
A complete setting file can be extracted from the relay and stored on disc and
printed out for record purposes. The stored settings can also be copied to other
relays.
Control commands, such as close/trip of a circuit breaker, are actioned in the
same way as setting changes and can be achieved with this program by using the
setting change mechanism. This program supports modem connection but it cannot
extract event or disturbance records.
Page 4 of 14
3.2 PAS&T
The Protection Access Software and Toolkit (PAS&T) program performs all the
functions described for the Courier Access program, but additionally it can perform
the following functions:
Generate a table of all circuit breakers that can be controlled via the relays
connected to K-Bus. These are listed by their plant reference and their open/
closed status is displayed. Selecting a circuit breaker from this table enables it
to be controlled with all the background security described for setting changes.
Automatically extracts event records, displays them on screen, prints, or stores
them to disc.
Automatically extracts disturbance records and stores them to disc in
COMTRADE format.
Poll the relay for selected data at set intervals and displays the values on screen,
or stores a selected number of values that it can plot on screen to show trend
information.
Display coded or decoded messages on screen to help de-bug the
communication system.
The auto-addressing feature allocates the next available address on the bus to a
new relay.
3.3 K-Graph
This program, supplied with PAS&T, can display disturbance records and print
them. The COMTRADE format in which the files are stored can also be loaded into
an Excel, or similar spreadsheet program.
3.4 Courier-Comm
Courier-Comm is a Windows based setting program that can be used off-line,
ie. without the relays being connected. Setting files can be generated in the office
and taken to site on floppy disc for loading to the relays. This program can be
used to down-load the settings to the relay, alternatively ACCESS or PAS&T may be
used.
3.5 PC requirements
To operate fully, the above programs require:
IBM PC/XT/AT/PS2 or true compatible.
640kB of main memory RAM
Graphics adapter CGA, EGA, VGA or MDA
Serial adapter port configured as COM1 or COM2 (RS232)
Floppy disk drive 3.5 inch
MS-DOS 3.2 or later/IBM PC-DOS 3.2 or later
Parallel printer port for optional printer.
Additional equipment
Printer
RS-232 link.
Page 5 of 14
KITZ 101 K-Bus/ RS232 communication interface.

Modem
3.6 Modem requirements
The IEC 60870-5 ft1.2 frame format for transmitting the Courier communication
language over RS-232 based systems, which includes transmission over modems,
has been adopted.
The IEC 60870-5 ft1.2 specification calls for an 11-bit frame format consisting of 1
start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop bit. However, most modems
cannot support this 11-bit frame format, so a relaxed 10-bit frame format is
supported by the Protection Access Software & Toolkit and by the KITZ, consisting
of 1 start bit 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit.
Although Courier and IEC 60870 both have inherent error detection, the parity
checking on each individual character in the 11-bit frame provides additional
security and is a requirement of IEC 60870 in order to meet the error rate levels it
guarantees. It is therefore recommended that modems should be used which
support these 11-bit frames.
The following modem has been evaluated for use with the full IEC 60870 ft1.2
protocol and is recommended for use:
Motorola Codex 3265 or 3265 Fast
Other modems may be used provided that the following features are available;
refer to the modem documentation for details on setting these features:
Support for an 11 bit frame (1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop
bit). This feature is not required if the 10-bit frame format is chosen.
Facility to disable all error correction, data compression, speed buffering or
automatic speed changes.
It must be possible to save all the settings required to achieve a connection in
non-volatile memory. This feature is only required for modems at the outstation
end of the link.
Notes: 1. The V23 asymmetric data rate (1200/75bits/s) is not supported.
2. Modems made by Hayes do not support 11 bit characters.
Section 4. DATA FOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION
4.1 Relay address

The relay can have any address from 1 to 254 inclusive. Address 255 is the
global address that all relays, or other slave devices, respond to. The Courier
protocol specifies that no reply shall be issued by a slave device in response to a
global message. This is to prevent all devices responding and causing contention
on the bus.
Each relay is supplied with its address set to 255 to ensure that when connected to
an operational network it will not have a conflicting address with another device
that is already operational. To make the new device fully operational it must have
its address set. The address can be changed manually by entering the password
and changing the address by the setting change method via the user interface on
the front of the relay.
Page 6 of 14
Alternatively, if the software running on the PC supports auto-addressing, the relay

address can be set to 0 and the auto-addressing feature of the PC software turned
on. The relay will then be automatically set to the next available address on the
bus. PAS&T software supports both these features.
If the address is 255, or unknown, the device address can be changed by sending
a new address, in a global message, to a device with a particular serial number.
This method (supported by PAS&T, Courier Access and Courier-Comm) is useful for
devices that are not provided with a user interface with which to read or change
the current address.
4.2 Measured values
Any measured value can be extracted periodically by polling the relay.
4.3 Status word
A status byte is contained in every reply from a slave device. This is returned by
the relay at the start of every message to signal important data on which the
master station may be designed to respond automatically.
The flags contained are:
Bit 0 1 = Disturbance record available for collection
Bit 1 1 = Plant status word changed
Bit 2 1 = Control status word changed
Bit 3 1 = Relay busy, cannot complete reply in time
Bit 4 1 = Relay out of service
Bit 5 1 = Event record available for retrieval
Bit 6 1 = Alarm LED lit
Bit 7 1 = Trip LED lit
Bits 6 and 7 are used to mimic the trip and alarm indication on the frontplate of
the slave devices. They cannot be used to extract fault and alarm information from
a slave device because they cannot be guaranteed to be set for a long enough
period to be identified.
Bits 5 and 0 enable the master station to respond automatically and extract event
records and disturbance records, if they are so programmed.
4.4 Plant status word
The plant status word can be found at menu location 000C and each pair of bits
in the plant status word is used to indicate the status (position) of items of plant
controlled via the relay.
Only the circuit breaker can be controlled via the relays described in this service
manual and the associated bits in the plant status word are defined as follows:
Bit 1 Bit 0 Circuit breaker 1
0 0 No CB connected (auxiliary CB1 contacts faulty)
0 1 CB1 open
1 0 CB1 closed
1 1 Auxiliary CB1 contacts or wiring faulty
Page 7 of 14
Bit 8 Bit 9 Circuit breaker 2

0 0 No CB connected (auxiliary CB2 contacts faulty)
0 1 CB2 open
1 0 CB2 closed
1 1 Auxiliary CB2 contacts or wiring faulty
The master PAS&T control unit software makes use of this information to generate a
table of all the circuit breakers and isolators that can be controlled and to show
their current status.
To make this information available to the master control unit it is necessary to
allocate a logic input that will be energised when the circuit breaker is closed in
input mask [0D15 CB Closed] and one that is energised when the circuit breaker is
open in input mask [0D16 CB Open]. Bits 0 and 1 will then indicate the position
of the circuit breaker.
If the circuit breaker can be racked into one of two positions, such that it can be
connected to busbar 1 or busbar 2, then a third logic input that will be energised
when the circuit breaker is connected to busbar 2 must be assigned in the input
mask [0D17 Bus2]. The circuit breaker open/closed states will then be transferred
to bits 8 and 9 when the circuit breaker is in position for connecting the feeder to
busbar 2. The circuit breaker can then be controlled with the appropriate open
and close commands.
4.5 Control status word
The control status word will be found in menu cell 000D. It is used to transfer
control information from the slave device to the master control unit. However, the
KVFG is a protection relay and this feature is not used.
4.6 Logic input status word
The status of the logic control inputs can be observed by polling menu cell 0020,
where the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8
logic inputs. This cell is read only.
4.7 Output relay status word
The status of the output relays can be observed by polling menu cell 0021, where
the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8 output
relays. This cell is read only.
4.8 Alarm indications
The status of the internal alarms produced by the relays self test routine can be
observed by polling menu cell 0022, where the lowest 7 bits of the returned value
indicate the status of each of the alarms. Bit 6 can be set/reset, in order to test the
watchdog relay. No other control actions are possible on this cell.
Bit 0 Error in factory configuration detected (relay inoperative)
Bit 1 Error in calibration detected (relay running in uncalibrated state)
Bit 2 Error detected in storage settings (relay operational, check settings)
Bit 3 No service (protection out of service)
Bit 4 No samples (A/D converter not sampling)
Bit 5 No Fourier (Fourier routine not being performed)
Bit 6 Test watchdog (set to 1 to test and rest to 0 afterwards)
Page 8 of 14
4.9 Event records

An event may be a change of state of a control input or an output relay. It may be
a setting that has been changed locally or a protection or control function that has
performed its intended function. A total of 50 events may be stored in a buffer,
each with an associated time tag. This time tag is the value of a timer counter that
is incremented every 1ms.
The fault flags are displayed in the extracted event records as shown in this
example.
1 S/S VT REF 04 Jun 1998 12:14:07.880 1 1 2 3 . 1 2 3 . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 . 1 2 3 1 . .
Setting Vb/Vbc RT remote Vc/Vca Auxiliary

group tripping timers
Va/Vab V2 Frequency Vo
Numbers = corresponding stage operated

. = corresponding stage not operated
The event records can only be accessed via the serial communication port when
the relay is connected to a suitable master station. When the relay is not connected
to a master station the event records can still be extracted within certain limitations:
The event records can only be read via the serial communication port and a
K-Bus/IEC 60870-5 interface unit will be required to enable the serial port to be
connected to an IBM or compatible PC. Suitable software will be required to run
on the PC so that the records can be extracted.
When the event buffer becomes full the oldest record is overwritten by the next
event.
Records are deleted when the auxiliary supply to the relay is removed, to ensure
that the buffer does not contain invalid data. Dual powered relays are most
likely to be affected.
The time tag will be valid for 49 days assuming that the auxiliary supply has not
been lost within that time. However, there may be an error of 4.3s in every 24
hour period due to the accuracy limits of the crystal. This is not a problem when
a master station is on line as the relays will usually be polled once every second
or so.
The contents of the event record are documented in Chapter 5, Section 5.
4.10 Notes on recorded times
As described in Chapter 5, Section 5.2, the event records are appended with the
value of a 1 millisecond counter and the current value of the counter is appended
to the start of each reply from a relay. Thus it is possible to calculate how long ago
the event took place and subtract this from the current value of the real time clock
in the PC.
If transmission is to be over a modem there will be additional delays in the
communication path. In which case the KITZ can be selected to append the real
time at which the message was sent and this value can then be used in the
conversion of the time tags. With this method of time tagging, the time tags for all
relays on K-Bus will be accurate, relative to each other, regardless of the accuracy
of the relay time clock.
Page 9 of 14
See also Chapter 5, Section 6.6 for additional information on time tagging
accuracy.
4.11 Protection flags
The protection flags hold the status of the various protection elements in the relay
and it is from these that the fault flags are generated. They are transmitted in the
event records as part of a fault record and this is the only way they can be
accessed.
The following table lists the protection flags:
Bit Hexadecimal
Mask Protection Function
0 0x00000001L A-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 1 Element Tripped
1 0x00000002L B-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 1 Element Tripped
2 0x00000004L C-Phase Under/Overvoltage Stage 1 Element Tripped
3 0x00000008L Under/Overfrequency Stage 1 Element Tripped
16 0x00010000L Neutral Voltage Displacement Stage 1 Element Tripped
19 0x00080000L Negative Sequence Overvoltage Stage 1 Element Tripped
20 0x00100000L Negative Sequence Overvoltage Stage 2 Element Tripped
21 0x00200000L
22 0x00400000L Under Voltage Element Tripped
23 0x00800000L Manual/Remote Trip in Progress
24 0x01000000L Auxiliary Timer 1 Element Tripped
27 0x08000000L Manual/Remote Close in Progress
Page 10 of 14
28 0x10000000L
29 0x20000000L Trip Occurred due to Group 2 Settings
30 0x40000000L
31 0x80000000L
This 32 bit word can be found in packet #4 of the event record as the menu cell
value. A decoded text form can be found in packet #3 as the ASCII Text
Description of the event (refer to Courier User Manual). The value can be decoded
to establish which elements were operated at the time of the event.
4.12 Fault records
Although fault records are stored in the event records and they may be extracted in
this way, it may be necessary in some instances to extract the fault records directly.
To do this, the record number must be first entered in menu cell 0101 so that the
correct fault record can be extracted. Fn is the record for the last fault; Fn-1 is the
previous fault record and Fn-4 is the oldest record. Then the values for menu
column 01 should be requested.
The Courier User Guide gives the detailed commands associated with these
functions.
4.13 Disturbance records
The procedure for setting up the disturbance recorder in the relays, is fully
described in Chapter 5, Section 6 of this manual. If the extraction of these records
is to be incorporated in some bespoke software program reference should be
made to the Courier User Guide for the relevant commands that are necessary to
extract the records.
It is recommended that all such records are stored in a Comtrade format to enable
commercially available programs to use the files. Comtrade includes minimum and
maximum values for each analogue channel. In all K Range relays these are 0 and
32767.
Section 5. SETTING CONTROL
Control functions via a K Range relay can be performed over the serial
communication link. They include change of individual relay settings, change of
setting groups, remote control of the circuit breaker, and operation and latching
selected output relays.
Remote control is restricted to those functions that have been selected in the relays
menu table and the selection cannot be changed without entering the password.
CRC and message length checks are used on each message received. No
response is given for received messages with a detected error. The master station
can be set to resend a command a set number of times if it does not receive a
reply or receives a reply with a detected error.
Note: Control commands are generally performed by changing the value of a cell
and are actioned by the setting change procedure, as described in Chapter
6, 3.1, and have the same inherent security. No replies are permitted for
global commands as these would cause contention on the bus; instead a
double send is used for verification of the message by the relay for this type
Page 11 of 14
of command. Confirmation that a control command, or setting change, has been

accepted is issued by the relay and an error message is returned when it is
rejected.
The command to change setting group does not give an error message when the
group 2 settings are disabled unless link SD3 = 0 to inhibit response to a remote
setting group change commands.
5.1 Remote setting change
The relay will only respond to setting change commands via the serial port if link
SD0 = 1. Setting SD0 = 0 inhibits all remote setting changes with the exception of
the SD software links and the password entry. Thus, with link SD0 = 0, remote
setting changes are password protected.
To change them, the password must be remotely entered and the function link SD
function link SD0 set to 1 to enable remote setting changes. When all setting
changes have been made, set link SD0 = 0 to restore password protection to
remote setting changes.
5.2 Remote control of setting group
The setting group selection is fully described in Chapter 4, Section 12.1 including
the remote control of this function. Group 2 must be activated before it can be
selected by setting software link SD4 = 1. Set link SD3 = 1 to enable the relay to
respond to change setting group commands, via the serial port to select group 2
and set SD3 = 0 to inhibit this function.
If conventional SCADA has an output relay assigned to select the alternative setting
group then it may be used to energise a logic input assigned in the input mask
[0D14 Set Grp2]. In this case set link SD3 = 0.
Section 6. REMOTE OPERATION OF OUTPUT RELAYS
The KVFG relay responds to the load shed by level Courier commands. These were
intended to be used to control the load shedding control of conventional voltage
regulating relays and can of course still be used for that purpose. However, it also
provides a way of remotely operating and latching selected output relays. In the
following example it is assumed that relays are allocated in the load shedding
output masks as follows:
RLY0 assigned in [0E1B Level1]
RLY1 assigned in [0E1C Level2]
RLY2 assigned in [0E1D Level3]
The following truth table then applies:
Command RLY 0 RLY 1 RLY 3
Load shed to level 0 0 0 0
Page 12 of 14
If the relays are assigned as follows :

RLY0 assigned in [0E1B Level1]
RLY1 assigned in [0E1C Level2]
RLY0, RLY1 & RLY2 assigned in [0E1D Level3]
The truth table would read:
Command RLY 0 RLY 1 RLY 3
The relays will retain their selected state until a new command is received.
The settings will be stored when the relay is powered-down and restored again on
power-up. This allows these particular outputs to be used to select other functions
such as blocking under/overvoltage elements.
Section 7. CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL
To set-up the relay for circuit breaker control, relay RLY7 must be assigned in output
mask [0E16 CB Trip] and RLY6 in output mask [0E17 CB Close].
Some circuit breakers require the closing pulse to be interrupted when a trip
command is issued during the closing sequence, such as when closing onto a fault.
This is to prevent pumping of the circuit breaker, ie. reclosing again when the trip
signal is terminated, and it can be arranged by setting link SD9 = 1. Some other
types of circuit breaker require the close pulse to be maintained and to achieve
this, set link SD9 = 0.
ODOE L Trip
OE16 CB Trip
SD2 1 tTRIP
Trip Circuit Breaker
Close Circuit Breaker OE17 CB Close

ODOF L Close 1 tCLOSE CIRCUIT BREAKER
RESET CONTROL
NS2 SD9
1
V2 Cl Bl
OD1O Ext Trip
1 GENERATE CIRCUIT BREAKER

RLY 3 MAINTENANCE RECORDS FAULT RECORD
LOG6 LATCH RED TRIP LED & FLAG LATCH
RLY 7 LATCH FLAGS INITIATION
Figure 2: Circuit breaker control logic

Page 13 of 14
7.1 Remote control of circuit breaker

Set link SD2 = 1 to enable remote control of the circuit breaker. The ACCESS,
PAS&T, or other suitable program that supports this feature can then be used to
perform the remote control of this plant item. When using PAS&T, logic inputs must
be assigned in input masks [0D15 CB Closed] and [0D16 CB Open] to indicate
the status of the circuit breaker so that a table of circuit breakers and their status
can be generated. If the circuit breaker can be racked into an alternative position,
such that it can then be connected to busbar 2 instead of busbar 1, then a logic
input must be assigned in mask [0D17 Bus2] if this information is required to be
displayed by PAS&T.
Password protection for remote circuit breaker control can be applied as follows.
Set link SD2 = 0 to inhibit remote changes. To make a remote change, enter the
password, set link SD2 = 1, and send the command to control the circuit breaker.
Then to re-establish password protection set link SD2 = 0 again.
7.2 Local control of the circuit breaker
If local controls are routed to the circuit breaker via the logic inputs assigned in
masks [0D0E LTrip] and [0D0F LClose], the circuit breaker maintenance records
will be updated for local control of the circuit breaker. In this case it will be the
action of relay RLY7 operating that causes the record to be incremented as
described in Chapter 5, Section 4.1.
7.3 Safe manual closing of the circuit breaker
There have been instances of injury to personnel when closing a circuit breaker
onto a fault. So, from a health and safety point of view, it is sometimes considered
necessary to manually close the circuit breaker from a safe distance. This is
particularly important, when the autoreclose has locked-out, or after maintenance
on the primary plant when temporary earth clamps may have been left connected.
If the closure of the circuit breaker is routed via the KVFG relay, any of the
following procedures may be considered:
7.3.1 Closing the circuit breaker via the serial communication port
If the serial port of the relay has no connections made to it, then the terminals 54
and 56 can be connected to a jack plug on the front of the panel. To close the
circuit breaker from a safe distance it is then only necessary to plug in an
extension lead and connect it to a laptop computer. The circuit breaker can then be
closed as described in Section 7.1.
7.3.2 Closing the circuit breaker via a lead mounted push-button
A spare logic input of the relay can be wired, via the field voltage supply of the
relay, to a plug that is mounted on the panel of the cubicle. In this case a jack
plug is not advised because the two terminals may be temporarily short circuited
when the plug is being inserted. This logic input is then assigned in the input mask
[0D0F LClose].
To operate the circuit breaker an extension lead is plugged into the socket and a
lead mounted push-button at the other end is then pressed to initiate a pulse of
fixed duration to close the circuit breaker. For extra security, one of the auxiliary
timers may be connected in the control path, so that the push-button has to be
pressed for the set time of the timer before the circuit breaker will close.
Page 14 of 14
7.3.3 Delayed manual closure of the circuit breaker

If auxiliary timer Aux3 is not being used for some other purpose and either Aux1
or Aux2 is also available then proceed as follows:
1. Set link LOG5 = 0 to give Aux3 a delay on drop-off.
2. Allocate an output relay in mask [0E1A Aux3] and connect its contact to a
spare logic input.
3. Assign this logic input in input mask [0D11 Aux1] to start Aux1 or [0D12 Aux2]
to start Aux2.
4. Assign an output relay in mask [0E18 Aux1] or [0E19 Aux2] depending on the
timer to be used.
5. Energise a logic input via the contact of this output relay and assign it in input
mask [0D0F LClose] to initiate the closing pulse.
6. Allocate a logic input in mask [0D13 Aux3] and arrange for this to be
energised via a switch (preferably a key switch) that is spring loaded in the off
position.
When the initiating switch is closed momentarily timer Aux3 will pick-up its output
relay which will remain picked-up for the set time of Aux3. Timer Aux1 (or Aux2)
will be picked up by the output relay assigned to Aux3 and when it times out it will
pick-up a relay that triggers the close pulse via the LClose input. The time setting for
Aux1 (or Aux2) should be the required delay and Aux3 should be set 2 seconds
longer. When Aux3 times out the circuit resets.
The close sequence can be interrupted by breaking the link, from the output of
Aux3 to the logic input initiating Aux1 (or Aux2, whichever is being used), with a
push-button or an alternative position on the key switch. Note that these timers
have very wide setting ranges and that the delay is in the order of 20 to 30
seconds only.
Where no auxiliary timers are available the close pulse could be initiated by
energising a logic input assigned in the input mask [0D0F LClose] via a push
button connected via a twisted pair of wires of sufficient length. If an auxiliary
timer is available and is connected in the initiating path it would add to the
security.
Section 8. AIDS TO CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE
The number of circuit breaker operations is recorded under MEASUREMENTS (2)

to assist in determining the need for circuit breaker maintenance.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Chapter 7
Technical Data
Contents
7. TECHNICAL DATA 1
1.1 Ratings 1
1.1.1 Inputs 1
1.1.2 Outputs 1
1.2 Burdens 1
1.2.1 Reference voltage input 1
1.2.2 Auxiliary voltage 1
1.2.3 Opto-isolated inputs 2
1.3 Setting ranges 2
1.3.1 Voltage operation 2
1.3.2 Frequency operation 2
1.3.3 Time setting ranges 2
1.3.3.1 Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) 2
1.3.3.2 Definite independent time (DT) 3
1.3.3.3 Auxiliary time delays 3
1.3.4 VT ratio setting 4
1.4 Measurements displayed 4
1.5 Accuracy 4
1.5.1 Reference conditions 4
1.5.2 Protection settings 5
1.5.3 Protection element time delays 5
1.5.4 Auxiliary timers 5
1.5.5 Measurements 6
1.6 Influencing quantities 6
1.6.1 Ambient temperature 6
1.6.2 Frequency 6
1.6.3 Voltage 6
1.6.4 Auxiliary supply 6
1.7 Opto-isolated inputs 6
1.8 Output relays 7
1.9 Operation indicator 7
1.10 Communication port (K-Bus) 7
1.11 High voltage withstand 8
1.11.1 Dielectric withstand 8
1.11.2 High voltage impulse 8
1.11.3 Insulation resistance 8
1.11.4 High frequency disturbance 8
1.11.5 Fast transient disturbance 8
1.11.6 EMC compliance 8
1.11.7 Product safety 8
1.12 IEEE/ANSI Specifications 9
1.13 Environmental 9
1.13.1 Temperature 9
1.13.5 Shock and bump 9
1.14 Model numbers 10
1.15 Frequency response 11
FIGURES
Figure 1. Response of Fourier filtering/frequency tracking 11
Page 1 of 11
Section 7. TECHNICAL DATA
1.1 Ratings
1.1.1 Inputs
Rated Voltage across VT inputs
(Vn) (Vrms)
Continuous 1 minute
110 440
440 800 1000
Where Vn is the rated line voltage of the system.
Operative range
Auxiliary voltage Rated voltage DC supply AC supply Crest
(Vx) (V) (V) (V) (V)
Auxiliary powered 24 125 19 150 50 133 190
48 250 33 300 87 265 380
Frequency Nominal rating Operative range

(Fn) (Hz) (Hz)
Freq. tracking 50 or 60 45 65
Nontracking 50 49 51
Non tracking 60 59 61
Rating Off state On state

(Vdc) (Vdc) (Vdc)
Logic Inputs 50 12 35
1.1.2 Outputs
Field voltage 48V dc (current limited to 60mA)
1.2 Burdens
1.2.1 Reference voltage input
Vn = 110V 0.02VA @ 63.5V VT input
Vn = 440V 0.08VA @ 254V VT input
1.2.2 Auxiliary voltage
DC supply 2.5 6.0 W at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs
energized
4.0 8.0 W at Vx max with 2 output relays & 2 logic inputs
energized
5.5 12 W at Vx max with all output relays & logic inputs
energized
Page 2 of 11
AC supply 6.0 12 VA at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs

energized
6.0 14 VA at Vx max with 2 output relays & 2 logic inputs
energized
13 23 VA at Vx max with all output relays & logic inputs
energized
1.2.3 Opto-isolated inputs
DC supply 0.25W per input (50V, 10k)
1.3 Setting ranges
1.3.1 Voltage operation
Stage Symbol Range(Vs) Step size
Under/overvoltage 1 1V 5 200V 1V
2 2V 5 200V 1V
3 3V 5 200V 1V
4 4V 5 200V 1V
Neutral displacement 1 1Vo 1 100V 1V
or residual voltage 2 2Vo 1 100V 1V
3 3Vo 1 100V 1V
Negative sequence (KVFG 142) 1 1V2 1 150V 1V
2 2V2 1 150V 1V
Negative sequence (KVFG 122) 1 1V2 5 150V 1V
2 2V2 5 150V 1V
The above settings are applicable to a 110V nominal voltage rating multiply by
four for the 440V version.
1.3.2 Frequency operation
Stage Symbol Range Step size
Under/overfrequency 1 1F 46 64Hz 0.01Hz
2 2F 46 64Hz 0.01Hz
3 3F 46 64Hz 0.01Hz
4 4F 46 64Hz 0.01Hz
1.3.3 Time setting ranges
The operating time characteristic for all voltage measuring elements are selectable
as either inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) or definite time (DT). The frequency
element operating time may only be set as definite time.
1.3.3.1 Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT)
The inverse operating time characteristic is given by the following mathematical
expression:
Page 3 of 11
K
t = seconds
l M 1 l
Where
K = Time multiplier
M = Applied voltage/voltage setting
The K factor is selectable for each available stage as follows.
Stage Symbol Range(s) Step size
Under/overvoltage 1 1V(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
2 2V(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
3 3V(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
4 4V(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
Neutral displacement 1 1Vo(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
or residual voltage 2 2Vo(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
3 3Vo(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
Negative sequence 1 1V2(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
2 2V2(tms) 0.5 100 0.5
1.3.3.2 Definite independent time (DT)
Stage Symbol Range(s) Step size
Under/overvoltage 1 1tV 0 100 0.1
2 2tV 0 100 0.1
3 3tV 0 100 0.1
4 4tV 0 100 0.1
Neutral displacement 1 1tVo 0 600 0.01 graded
or residual voltage 2 2tVo 0 600 0.01 graded
3 3tVo 0 600 0.01 graded
Negative sequence 1 1tV2 0 100 0.1
2 2tV2 0 100 0.1
Under/overfrequency 1 1tF 0 100 0.01
2 2tF 0 100 0.01
3 3tF 0 100 0.01
4 4tF 0 100 0.01
1.3.3.3 Auxiliary time delays
Three independant auxiliary timers are available, tAUX1 provides delay on pick-up
(DPU) whereas tAUX2 and tAUX3 are each capable of providing delay on pick-up
(DPU) or delay on drop-off (DDO) operation.
Timer delays tTRIP and tCLOSE are used for the remote control of circuit breakers.
Page 4 of 11
Setting range Step size

tAUX1 Definite time 0 to 24days 0.01s min graded
tTRIP Definite time 0.5 to 5s 0.1s
tCLOSE Definite time 0.5 to 5s 0.1s
1.3.4 VT ratio setting
Setting range
VT Ratios 9999 : 1 Default = 1 : 1
1.4 Measurements displayed
Range Units
110V nominal
Under/overvoltage (0 327) x VT ratio V (phase/neutral
or phase/phase)
Residual voltage (Vo) (0 327) x VT ratio V
Positive sequence (V1) (0 327) x VT ratio V
Negative sequence (V2) (0 327) x VT ratio V
440V nominal
Under/overvoltage (0 900*) x VT ratio V (phase/neutral
or phase/phase)
Residual voltage (Vo) (0 900*) x VT ratio V
Positive sequence (V1) (0 900*) x VT ratio V
Negative sequence (V2) (0 900*) x VT ratio V
CB operations (0 65535)
Frequency 45 65 (or 0 ) Hz
* The continuous rating of the 440V model is not to exceed 800V across any VT
input winding.
1.5 Accuracy
Unless stated otherwise all accuracies are of setting.
1.5.1 Reference conditions
Ambient temperature 20C
Frequency 50Hz or 60Hz (whichever is set)
Auxiliary voltage 24V to 125V (125V dc rated auxiliary input)
48V to 250V (250V dc rated auxiliary)
Page 5 of 11
1.5.2 Protection settings

Pickup accuracy Reference range
Under/overvoltage 3%, typically 2% Setting range
Neutral displacement 5%, typically 2% Setting range
Negative sequence 3% 5V 150V (KVFG 142)
15V 150V (KVFG 122)
Under/overfrequency 0.1%, typically 0.05%
Repeatability 0.5%
Dropoff/pickup ratio Reference range
Overvoltage Typically >95% Setting range
Undervoltage Typically <105% 35V 200V
Vo measured Typically >95% Setting range
Vo calculated Typically >95% 15V 100V
Negative sequence Typically >95% 10V 150V (KVFG 142)
25V 150V (KVFG 122)
Overfrequency >99.5% Setting range
Underfrequency >100.5% Setting range
1.5.3 Protection element time delays
Operating time
Inverse time Voltage elements The effect due to the measured
voltage varying by the claimed
tolerance, plus <50ms
Definite time Voltage elements 1% plus <50ms
Frequency element 1% of setting plus <200ms
for steps of >5% of setting
Instantaneous Neutral displacement <40ms
Under/overvoltage <40ms
Negative sequence <50ms
Frequency element Typically <300ms
(see Appendix 4)
Overshoot time All elements <50ms when the input is
reduced to zero
Disengagement Voltage elements <50ms
Frequency elements <250ms for step changes from
(Fs + 0.5Hz) to (Fs 0.5Hz)
1.5.4 Auxiliary timers
Operating time Set time (0.5%(set time) + (15 to 35)ms
Disengagement time 0 to 10 ms (for timers alone)
15 to 30ms (including output relays and opto inputs)
Page 6 of 11
1.5.5 Measurements
Voltage 1% at nomimal volts
Frequency 0.04% at nominal frequency
1.6 Influencing quantities
1.6.1 Ambient temperature
Variation 25 to +55C
Voltage settings 0.03% per C
Operation times 1%
1.6.2 Frequency
Variation 45 to 65Hz
Voltage settings 1%
Operating times 1%
1.6.3 Voltage
Variation Blocking voltage up to continuous rating
Frequency settings <0.05%
Operating times 1%
1.6.4 Auxiliary supply
Variation 19 to 150V dc or 50 to 133V ac (24/125V nominal)
33 to 300V dc or 87 to 265V ac (48/250V nominal)
Voltage settings 0.5%
Operation times 0.5%
1.7 Opto-isolated inputs
Capture time 12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz
Release time 12.5 2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 2.1ms at 60Hz
Minimum operating
voltage >35V dc
Maximum operating
voltage 50Vdc
Input resistance 10k
(add 12k for every additional 50V in excess of 50V)
Maximum series lead
resistance 2k for single input at 40V min.
1k for 2 inputs in parallel at 40V min.
0.5k for 4 inputs in parallel at 40V min.
Page 7 of 11
Maximum ac induced
loop voltage 50Vrms (thermal limit)
Maximum capacitance
coupled ac voltage 250Vrms via 0.1F
1.8 Output relays
Output relays 0 to 7
Type 1 make
Rating Make 30A and carry for 0.2s
Carry5A continuous
Break DC 50W resistive
25W inductive (L/R = 0.04s)
AC 1250VA (maxima of 5A)
Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V
Durability >10,000 operations
Watchdog
Type 1 make + 1 break
Rating Make 10A and carry for 0.2s
Carry5A continuous
Break DC 30W resistive
15W inductive (L/R = 0.04s)
AC 1250VA (maxima of 5A)
Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V
Durability >10,000 operations
1.9 Operation indicator
3 Light Emitting Diodes internally powered.
16 character by 2 line Liquid Crystal Display (with backlight).
1.10 Communication port (K-Bus)
Language Courier
Transmission Synchronous RS485 voltage levels
Format HDLC
Baud Rate 64kbit/s
K-Bus Cable Screened twisted pair
Length 1000m
Bus Loading Multidrop (32 units)
Insolation 2kV rms for 1minute
Page 8 of 11
1.11 High voltage withstand

1.11.1 Dielectric withstand
IEC 60255-5:1977
2kV rms for one minute between all case terminals
(except terminal 1) connected together and the
case earth/terminals 1.
2kV rms for one minute between terminals of
independent circuits, including contact circuits.
1kV rms for 1 minute across the open contacts of
the watchdog relays.
ANSI/IEEE C37.90
1989 (R1994) 1.5kV rms for 1 minute across open contacts of
output relays.
1.11.2 High voltage impulse
IEC 60255-5:1977 5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 0.5J between all terminals
and all terminals to case earth.
1.11.3 Insulation resistance
IEC 60255-5:1977 >100M when measured at 500Vdc
1.11.4 High frequency disturbance
IEC 60255-22-1:1988 Class III 2.5kV peak between independent circuits and
case.
1.0kV peak across terminals of the same circuit
(except metallic contacts).
1.11.5 Fast transient disturbance
IEC 60255-22-4 :1992
Class III & IV 2kV, 5kHz & 4kV, 2.5kHz applied to all inputs
and outputs.
1.11.6 EMC compliance
89/336/EEC Compliance to the European Commission Directive
on EMC is claimed via the Technical Construction
File route.
EN50081-2:1994 Generic Standards used to establish conformity.
EN50082-2:1995
1.11.7 Product safety
73/23/EEC Compliance with European Commission Low
Voltage Directive
EN 61010-1:1993/A3:1995 Compliance is demonstrated by reference to
EN 60950:1992/A11:1997 generic safety standards.
Electrostatic discharge test
IEC 60255-22-2:1996 Class 3 (8kV) discharge in air with cover in place.
Class 2 (4kV) point contact discharge with cover
removed.
Page 9 of 11
1.12 IEEE/ANSI Specifications

1.12.1 Surge withstand capability C37.90.1 1989.
1.12.2 Radio electromagnetic
interference C37.90.2 1995.
1.13 Environmental
1.13.1 Temperature
IEC 60068-2-1:1990 (cold) Storage and transit 25C to +70C.
IEC 60068-2-2:1974 (dry heat) Operating 25C to +55C.
1.13.2 Humidity
IEC 60068-2-3:1969 56 days at 93% relative humidity and 40C.
1.13.3 Enclosure protection
IEC 60529:1989 IP50 (Dust protected).
1.13.4 Vibration
IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Response Class 1.
Endurance Class 2.
1.13.5 Shock and bump
IEC 60255-21 2:1988 Class 1
1.13.6 Seismic
IEC 60255-21-3:1993 Class 1
Page 10 of 11
1.14 Model numbers
Relay type: K V F G 1 2 0 1 D A
Measuring elements:
2 pole 2
4 pole 4
Configuration:
Default 0 1
Case size:
Size 4 MIDOS Flush Mounting D
Auxiliary voltage (Vx):

24/125V 2
48/250V 5
Operating voltage (Vn):

110V ac/50 60Hz 1
440V ac/50 60Hz 4
Language :
English E
French F
German G
Spanish S
Page 11 of 11
1.15 Frequency response
1 Fourier filter response
Anti-aliasing filter response
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Harmonic
Figure 1. Response of Fourier filtering/frequency tracking
Measurement is based on the Fourier derived value of the fundamental component

of voltage and Figure 1 shows the frequency response that results from this
filtering. The 1 on the horizontal scale relates to the selected rated frequency of
the relay and the figures 2, 3, 4 etc. are the second, third and fourth
harmonic frequencies respectively. It can be seen that harmonics up to and
including the 6th are suppressed, giving no output. The 7th is the first predominant
harmonic and this is attenuated to approximately 30% by the anti-aliasing filter.
For power frequencies that are not equal to the selected rated frequency ie. the
frequency does not coincide with 1 on the horizontal scale, the harmonics will
not be of zero amplitude. For small frequency deviations of 1Hz, this is not a
problem but to allow for larger deviations, an improvement is obtained by the
addition of frequency tracking.
With frequency tracking the sampling rate of the analogue/digital conversion is
automatically adjusted to match the applied signal. In the absence of a signal of
suitable amplitude to track, the sample rate defaults to suit that of the selected rated
frequency (Fn) for the relay. In the presence of a signal of sufficient amplitude and
within the tracking range (45 to 65Hz), the relay will lock on to the signal so that
the 1 on the horizontal axis in Figure 1 will coincide with the measured
frequency of the signal. The resulting output for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th
harmonics will be zero. Thus the response in Figure 1 applies when the relay is not
frequency tracking but the input is at the selected rated frequency (Fn) or if the
relay is tracking a frequency within the range 45 to 65Hz.
Power frequency signals are predominant in phase quantities and are therefore
used in the frequency tracking routine, whereas, residual voltage quantities often
contain a high proportion of harmonic signals. The residual voltage element of
multi-pole relays will generally be locked to the power frequency as the relay tracks
it using the phase quantities.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Chapter 8
Commissioning
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PRODUCT MENU FAMILIARISATION 1
3. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR TESTING 3
3.1 Minimum equipment required 3
3.2 Optional equipment 3
4. PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS 3
4.1 With the relay de-energised 4
4.1.1 Visual inspection 4
4.1.2 Insulation 4
4.1.3 External wiring 5
4.1.4 Watchdog contacts 5
4.2 With the relay energised 5
4.2.1 Watchdog contacts 6
4.2.2 Light emitting diodes (LEDs) 6
4.2.3 Liquid crystal display (LCD) 6
4.2.4 Field voltage supply 7
4.2.5 Input opto-isolators 7
4.2.6 Output relays 7
4.2.7 Communications ports 8
4.2.8 Voltage inputs 8
5. SETTING VERIFICATION TESTS 9
5.1 Apply settings 9
5.2 Verify settings 10
5.3 Test stage 1 of the under/overvoltage function (optional) 10
5.3.1 Connect the test circuit 10
5.3.2 Set the ac voltage source 10
5.3.3 Determine the expected operating time 11
5.3.4 Check the thermal withstand 11
5.3.5 Perform test 11
6. WIRING VERIFICATION TEST 11
7. FINAL CHECKS 12
8. PROBLEM SOLVING 12
8.1 Password lost or not accepted 12
8.2 Protection settings 13
8.2.1 Settings for neutral voltage displacement protection function not displayed 13
8.2.2 Settings for under/overvoltage protection function not displayed 13
8.2.3 Settings for under/overfrequency protection function not displayed 13
8.2.4 Settings for negative sequence overvoltage protection function not displayed 13
8.2.5 Second setting group not displayed 14
8.2.6 Function links can not be changed 14
8.2.7 Curve selection can not be changed 14
8.3 Alarms 14
8.3.1 Watchdog alarm 14
8.3.2 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 0 = 1 14
Contents
8.3.3 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 1 = 1 15

8.3.4 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 2 = 1 15
8.3.5 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 3 = 1 15
8.3.6 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 4 = 1 15
8.3.7 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 5 = 1 15
8.3.8 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 7 = 1 15
8.3.9 Fault flags will not reset 15
8.4 Records 15
8.4.1 Problems with event records 15
8.4.2 Problems with disturbance records 16
8.5 Circuit breaker operation counter 17
8.6 Communications 17
8.6.1 Measured values do not change 17
8.6.2 Relay no longer responding 17
8.6.3 No response to remote control commands 17
8.7 Output relays remain picked up 18
9. MAINTENANCE 18
9.1 Remote testing 18
9.1.1 Alarms 18
9.1.2 Measurement accuracy 18
9.1.3 Trip test 18
9.1.4 Circuit breaker operations counter 19
9.2 Local testing 19
9.2.1 Alarms 19
9.2.2 Measurement accuracy 19
9.2.3 Trip test 19
9.2.4 Circuit breaker operations counter 19
9.2.5 Additional tests 19
9.3 Method of repair 20
9.3.1 Replacing a pcb 20
9.3.1.1 Replacement of user interface 20
9.3.1.2 Replacement of main processor board 20
9.3.1.3 Replacement of auxiliary expansion board 20
9.3.2 Replacing output relays 20
9.3.3 Replacing the power supply board 21
9.3.4 Replacing the back plane 21
9.4 Recalibration 21
Page 1 of 21
Section 1. INTRODUCTION
The KVFG relays are fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection
and non-protection functions in software. The relays employ a high degree of self-
checking so that, for the majority of failures that could occur within the relay, all
functions will cease to operate and an error will be flagged. As a result of this, the
commissioning tests do not need to be as thorough as with relays using electro-
mechanical and discrete electronic components.
To commission numeric relays it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is
functioning correctly and the application-specific software settings have been
applied to the relay. It is considered unnecessary to test every function of the relay
if the settings have been verified by one of the following methods:
Extracting the settings applied to the relay using appropriate setting software
(Preferred method)
Via the operator interface.
The timing test performed on a single element, after the customer settings have
been verified, is solely for reassurance that the relay is functioning correctly at
those settings and does not prove anything more than the other tests. It is therefore
optional.
Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for the
correct selection of the settings and the scheme logic being applied by external
customer wiring.
Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided in Appendix 4 for
completion as required.
BEFORE CARRYING OUT ANY WORK ON THE EQUIPMENT, THE USER SHOULD
BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE SAFETY SECTION AND CHAPTER
2, HANDLING AND INSTALLATION, OF THIS MANUAL.
Section 2. PRODUCT MENU FAMILIARISATION
When commissioning a KVFG relay for the first time, an hour should be allowed to
become familiar with the menu. Chapter 3, Section 3 contains a detailed
description of the menu structure but the key functions are summarised in Table 1.
With the cover in place only the [F] and [0] keys are accessible. Data can only be
read or flag and counter functions reset. No protection or configuration settings
can be changed.
Removing the cover allows access to the [+] and [] keys. All settings can be
changed and there is greater mobility around the menu.
In Table 1, [F] long indicates that the key is pressed for at least 1 second and [F]
short for less than 0.5 second. This allows the same key to perform more than one
function.
Page 2 of 21

Default display [F] short or Display moves to menu column heading
[F] long SYSTEM DATA
[+] Backlight turns ON no other effect
[] Backlight turns ON no other effect
[0] short Steps through the available default displays
[0] long Backlight turns ON no other effect
Fault flags after a trip [F] short or Display moves to menu column heading
[F] long SYSTEM DATA
[+] Backlight turns ON no other effect
[] Backlight turns ON no other effect
[0] short Backlight turns ON no other effect
[0] long Resets trip LED and returns to default display
Column heading [F] short Move to next item in menu column
[F] long Move to next column heading
[+] Move to previous column heading
[] Move to next column heading
[0] long Re-establishes password protection and return to
default display
Any menu cell [F] short Move to next item in menu column
[F] + [0] Move to previous item in menu column
[F] long Move to next column heading
[0] long Resets the value if the cell is resettable
A settable cell [+] or [] Puts relay in the setting mode (flashing cursor on bottom
line of display) if the cell is not password protected
Setting mode [F] Changes to the confirmation display. If function links,
relay or input masks are displayed, the [F] key will step
through them from left to right and finally changing to
the confirmation display
[+] Increments value rapidly increases if held depressed
[] Decrements value rapidly increases if held depressed
[0] Escapes from the setting mode without the setting
being changed
Confirmation mode [+] Confirms setting and enters the new value
[] Returns prospective value of setting for checking and
further modification
[0] Escapes from the setting mode without the setting
being changed
Only available with front cover removed
Table 1: Function keys

Page 3 of 21
Section 3. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR TESTING
3.1 Minimum equipment required

Multimeter with suitable ac and dc voltage ranges
Audible continuity tester (if not included in multimeter)
Variable transformer (Variac) or suitable ac voltage generator
Double pole switch box
Resistor (for testing the undervoltage element only)
Step-up transformer to cover relay setting range (415/440V version only)
Electronic timer
Phase rotation meter (not required if KVFG 122 with Vo input configuration)
3.2 Optional equipment
Multi-finger test plug type MMLB 01 (if test block type MMLG installed)
A portable PC, with appropriate software and a KITZ 101 K-Bus/IEC 60870-5
interface unit (if one is not already installed at site) will be useful and save
considerable time. However, it is not essential to commissioning.
A printer (for printing a setting record from the portable PC).
Section 4. PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS
The product verification tests cover all aspects of the product that need to be
checked to ensure that the relay has not been physically damaged prior to
commissioning, is functioning correctly and all measurements are within the stated
tolerances.
If the application-specific settings have already been applied to the relay, it is
necessary to make a copy of the settings so as to allow their restoration on
completion of commissioning. This could be done by:
Obtaining a setting file on a diskette from the customer (this requires a portable
PC with appropriate software for downloading the settings to the relay)
Extracting the settings from the product itself (this again requires a portable PC
with appropriate software)
Using a written record. This could be done using a copy of the setting record
located in Appendix 4.
If the customer has changed the password that prevents unauthorised changes to
some of the settings, either the revised password should be provided or the
customer should restore the original password prior to commencement of testing.
Note: In the event that the password has been lost, a recovery password can be
obtained from the Company by quoting the model and serial numbers of
the particular relay. The recovery password is unique to that relay and will
not work on any other relay.
Page 4 of 21
4.1 With the relay de-energised

The following group of tests should be carried out without the auxiliary supply or
measured voltages being applied to the relay and the trip circuit isolated.
If an MMLG test block is provided, this can easily be achieved by inserting test
plug type MMLB 01 which effectively open-circuits all wiring routed through the test
block. Before inserting the test plug, reference should be made to the scheme
diagram to ensure that this will not potentially cause damage or a safety hazard.
For example, the test block may also be associated with protection current
transformer circuits. It is essential that the sockets in the test plug, which correspond
to the current transformer secondary windings, are linked before the test plug is
inserted into the test block.
DANGER: NEVER OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A CURRENT
TRANSFORMER SINCE THE HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE
LETHAL AND COULD DAMAGE INSULATION.
If an MMLG test block is not provided, the voltage transformer supply to the relay
should be isolated by means of the panel links or connecting blocks.
4.1.1 Visual inspection
Loosen the cover screws and remove the cover. The relay module can now be
withdrawn from its case. In accordance with Chapter 2, Section 2 (Handling of
Electronic Equipment), carefully examine the module and case to see that no
physical damage has occurred prior to commissioning.
Check that the serial and model numbers on the front plate and label on the left-
hand, inside face of the case are identical. The only time that the serial numbers
may not match is when a failed relay has been replaced to provide continuity of
protection.
The rating information on the front of the relay should also be checked to ensure it
is correct for the particular installation.
Ensure that the case earthing connection, above the rear terminal block, is used to
connect the relay to a local earth bar. Where there is more than one relay in a tier,
it is recommended that a copper earth bar should be fitted connecting the earth
terminals of each case in the same tier together. However, as long as an adequate
earth connection is made between relays, the use of a copper earth bar is not
essential.
4.1.2 Insulation
Insulation resistance tests only need to be done if the customer requires them to be
done and they havent been performed during installation.
If insulation resistance tests are required, isolate all wiring from the earth and test
the insulation with an electronic or brushless insulation tester at a dc voltage not
exceeding 1000V. Terminals of the same circuits should be temporarily strapped
together.
The main groups of terminals on the relays are:
a) Voltage transformer circuits.
b) Auxiliary voltage supply.
c) Field voltage output and opto-isolated control inputs.
d) Relay contacts.
Page 5 of 21
e) Communication port.
f) Case earth.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is
correctly reconnected to the relay.
4.1.3 External wiring
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme
diagram. The relay diagram number appears on a label on the left-hand, inside
face of the case and the corresponding connection diagram can be found in
Appendix 3 of this manual.
If an MMLG test block is provided, the connections should be checked against the
scheme diagram. It is recommended that the supply connections are to the live side
of the test block (coloured orange with the odd numbered terminals (1, 3, 5, 7
etc.). The auxiliary supply is normally routed via terminals 13 (supply positive) and
15 (supply negative), with terminals 14 and 16 connected to the relays positive
and negative auxiliary supply terminals respectively. However, check the wiring
against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the
customers normal practice.
4.1.4 Watchdog contacts
Isolate the relay trip contacts and re-insert the relay module. Using a continuity
tester, check the watchdog contacts are in the states given in Table 2 for a de-
energised relay.
Terminals Contact State

Relay De-energised Relay Energised
3 and 5 Closed Open
4 and 6 Open Closed
Table 2: Watchdog contact status
4.2 With the relay energised

The following group of tests verify that the relay hardware and software is
functioning correctly and should be carried out with the auxiliary supply applied to
the relay but not the measured voltages.
The relay can be operated from either an ac or a dc auxiliary supply but the
incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Table 3.
Without energising the relay, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it is within the
operating range.
Relay rating (V) DC operating AC operating Maximum crest

range (V) range (V) voltage (V)
24/125 19 150 50 133 190
48/250 33 300 87 265 380
Table 3: Operational range of auxiliary supply
It should be noted that the relay can withstand an ac ripple of up to 12% of the
upper rated voltage on a dc auxiliary supply. However, in all cases the peak value
Page 6 of 21
of the auxiliary supply must not exceed the maximum crest voltage. Do not
energise the relay using the battery charger with the battery disconnected as this
can seriously damage the relays power supply circuitry.
Energise the relay if the auxiliary supply is within the operating range. If an MMLG
test block is provided, it may be necessary to link across the front of the test plug to
restore the auxiliary supply to the relay.
Using a continuity tester, check the watchdog contacts are in the states given in
Table 2 for an energised relay.
4.2.2 Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
On power up the green LED should have illuminated and stayed on indicating the
relay is healthy. The relay has non-volatile memory which remembers the state (on
or off) of the yellow alarm and red trip LED indicators when the relay was last
powered, and therefore these indicators may be on.
If either the alarm or trip, or both, LEDs are on then these should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LEDs successfully reset (the LED goes out),
there is no testing required for that LED because it is known to be operational.
TESTING THE ALARM LED
The alarm LED can simply be tested by entering the password in the
[0002 Password] cell as this will cause it to flash.
TESTING THE TRIP LED
The trip LED can be tested by initiating a manual circuit breaker trip from the relay.
However, if output relays 3 or 7 have been allocated for circuit breaker tripping in
the relay masks for the over/undervoltage protection function, the trip LED will
operate during the optional timing test performed later. Otherwise the trip LED will
need testing.
If neither output relay 3 nor 7 has been assigned for manual circuit breaker
tripping, with the password entered (use the [0002 Password] cell if not already in
this mode), set relay mask [0E16 CB Trip] bit 7 to 1.
Set cell [0010 CB Control] to Trip and confirm the operation by pressing [F]
then[+]. Check the trip LED to ensure it comes on.
RESTORING PASSWORD PROTECTION
To restore password protection (stopping changes to password-protected cells),
press and hold the [F] key for over 1 second then press and hold the [0] key for
over 1 second. Password protection will also be restored automatically 15 minutes
after the last key press. The alarm LED stops flashing to indicate that password
protection has been restored.
4.2.3 Liquid crystal display (LCD)
There are no test routines for the LCD. The display itself can be checked by moving
through the relay menu looking for pixels (the dots on the display used to form the
text) that are not working.
There is an integral backlight in the display that allows settings to be read in all
conditions of ambient lighting. It is switched on when any key on the frontplate is
momentarily pressed and is designed to switch off 10 minutes after the last key
Page 7 of 21
press. Check that the backlight does switches off as it will impose an unnecessary
burden on the station battery if it stays on.
4.2.4 Field voltage supply
The relay generates a field voltage of nominally 48V that should be used to
energise the opto-isolated inputs. Measure the field voltage across terminals 7 and
8. Terminal 7 should be positive with respect to terminal 8 and the voltage should
be within the range 45V to 60V when no load is connected.
4.2.5 Input opto-isolators
This test checks that all the opto-inputs are functioning correctly. The KVFG122 has
only 3 opto-inputs (L0, L1 and L2) while the KVFG142 has the full 8 opto-inputs
(L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 and L7).
To allow the opto-inputs to work, terminal 8 (field voltage supply negative) should
be linked to terminal 52 on both models and also to terminal 55 for the KVFG142.
The opto-inputs can then be individually energised by connecting terminal 7 (field
voltage supply positive) to the appropriate opto-input listed in Table 4.
Note: The opto-isolated inputs may be energised from an external 50V battery in
some installations. Check that this is not the case before connecting the field
voltage otherwise damage to the relay may result.
Opto-isolator L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7
Terminal number 46 48 50 45 47 49 51 53
Table 4: Opto-isolator connections
The status of each opto-input can be viewed using cell [0020 Log Status].
When each opto is energised, one of the characters on the bottom line of the
display will change to indicate the new state of the inputs. The number printed on
the frontplate under the display will identify which opto each character represents.
A 1 indicates an energised state and a 0 indicates a de-energised state.
4.2.6 Output relays
This test is to check that all the output relays are functioning correctly.
With the password entered (using the [0002 Password] cell), set relay mask
[0E16 CB Trip] bit 0 to 1 and the rest (bits 1 to 7) to 0.
Connect an audible continuity tester across the terminals corresponding to output
relay 0 given in Table 5. Select the [0010 CB Control] cell and press the [+] key
until Trip CB is displayed. Press the [F] once followed by the [+] key to confirm the
change.
Operation of output relay 0 will be confirmed by the continuity tester sounding for
the duration of the trip pulse time in the [0C05 tTRIP] cell.
Repeat the test for output relays 1 to 3 inclusive for a KVFG122 relay and relays 1
to 7 inclusive for a KVFG 142 relay.
Page 8 of 21
Output Relay [0E16 CB Trip] Mask Setting Terminal

Numbers
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 and 32
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 34 and 36
2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 38 and 40
3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 42 and 44
4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 29 and 31
5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 33 and 35
6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 and 39
7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 and 43
Table 5: Settings for output tests
If an output relay is found to have failed, an alternative relay can be temporarily

re-allocated until such time as the KVFG module can be repaired or a replacement
can be installed.
4.2.7 Communications ports
This test should only be performed where the relay is to be accessed from a remote
location.
It is not the intention of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from
the relay to the remote location, just the relays K-Bus circuitry and the protocol
converter.
Connect a portable PC running the appropriate software to the incoming (remote
from relay) side of the protocol converter and ensure that the communications
settings in the application software are set the same as those on the protocol
convertor.
Check that communications with the KVFG can be established.
4.2.8 Voltage inputs
This test verifies the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable
tolerances.
All relays will leave the factory set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz.
If operation at 60Hz is required then this must be set in cell [0009 Freq]. Press the
[+] key until the displayed frequency is 60Hz, then press the [F] key once followed
by the [+] key to confirm the change.
Depending on the relay model and software link settings, the relay can interpret
the measurement as a residual, phase to phase or phase to neutral voltage.
To simplify testing, the password should be entered (using the [0002 Password]
cell if not already in this mode) and the following settings applied:
Set cell [0003 SD Links] link A to 1 (KVFG 122 only).
Set cell [0401 ND Links] link 3 to 0 (KVFG 142 only).
Page 9 of 21
Set cell [0402 VT Ratio] to 10:1 (only when Vo used).

Set cell [0501 VF Links] link C to 1 (both models).
Set cell [0502 VT Ratio] to 10:1 (both models).
These settings configure the relay so that it treats the measured voltages as phase
to neutral or residual voltages, depending on the voltage transformer input, for
each model and uses a voltage transformer ratio of 10:1 for each voltage input.
Apply rated voltage to each voltage transformer input in turn, checking its
magnitude using a multimeter. Refer to Table 6 for the corresponding reading in
the relays MEASURE 1 column and record the value displayed. All measured
voltage values on the relay should equal the applied voltage multiplied by the
voltage transformer ratio set in the [0402 VT Ratio] cell for neutral voltage
transformer inputs or [0502 VT Ratio] cell for phase voltage transformer inputs, as
applicable.
The acceptable tolerance is 1%.
Voltage applied to Menu cell

Terminals 17 and 20 [0208 Va] (KVFG 142 only)
Terminals 18 and 20 [0209 Vb] (KVFG 142 only)
Terminals 19 and 20 [0208 Va] (KVFG 122)
[020A Vc] (KVFG 142)
Terminals 21 and 22 [020B Vo] (KVFG 122, 142)
Table 6: Voltage transformer test configuration
Section 5. SETTING VERIFICATION TESTS
The setting verification tests ensure that all the predetermined settings for the
particular installation (customers settings) have been correctly applied to the relay
and that the relay is operating correctly at those settings.
5.1 Apply settings
There are two methods of applying the settings:
Downloading them to the relay using a portable PC running the appropriate
software via a KITZ protocol converter. If a KITZ is not installed as part of the
customers scheme, one will have to be temporarily connected to the K-Bus
terminals of the relay. This method is the preferred as it is much faster and there
is less margin for error.
If a setting file has been created by the customer and provided on a diskette, this
will save time.
Enter them manually via the relays operator interface.
Page 10 of 21
5.2 Verify settings

The settings applied should be carefully checked against the customers desired
settings to ensure they have been entered correctly. However, this is not considered
essential if a customer-prepared setting file has been downloaded to the relay
using a portable PC.
There are two methods of verifying the settings:
Extract the settings from the relay using a portable PC running the appropriate
software via a KITZ protocol converter and compare with the customers original
setting record. (For cases where the customer has only provided a printed copy
of the required settings but a portable PC is available).
Step through the settings using the relays operator interface and compare them
with the customers record.
5.3 Test stage 1 of the under/overvoltage function (optional)
This timing test performed on a single element is solely for reassurance that the
relay is functioning correctly at the settings and does not prove anything more than
the foregoing tests. It is therefore optional.
To demonstrate that the KVFG is operating correctly at the chosen settings, a timing
test should be performed on the under/overvoltage function if it is enabled (cell
[0501 VF Links] link 0 equals 1).
As each stage can be set either for overvoltage or undervoltage protection, with a
definite or inverse time characteristic, it is necessary to look at the settings in cell
[0501 VF links] links 1 and 2 as these will determine the test procedure.
5.3.1 Connect the test circuit
Connect the ac voltage source to terminals 19 and 20 of the KVFG with one
connection taken via one pole of the switch box. This allows the fault voltage to
be applied to the relay only during the test.
Where the stage is being used for overvoltage, a voltage will only be applied to
the relay during the test.
However, when used for undervoltage, the relay must see a voltage greater than
setting when not being tested and less than setting during the test. Therefore, the
switch will be used to reduce the voltage measured by the relay during test
conditions (eg. by putting a series connected resistor in circuit during the test).
If cell [0501 VF Links] link 2 is set to 1, all phases must be experiencing the under
or overvoltage condition for the relay to initiate a trip. Therefore each phase
voltage transformer input should be connected in parallel.
The other pole of the switch box should be connected to start the timer when the
fault voltage is applied to the relay.
An output relay should be connected to stop the timer when a trip is initiated by the
under/overvoltage function. This output relay will be defined in the appropriate
output relay cell in the RELAY MASK column of the menu. For the KVFG142, this
will be an output relay allocated cell [0E06 1tVc(-a)]. For the KVFG122, it will be
an output relay allocated cell [0E04 1tVa(-b)].
5.3.2 Set the ac voltage source
If cell [0501 VF Links] link 1 equals 0, stage 1 has been set for overvoltage
operation. Set, but dont apply to the relay, a voltage on the ac voltage source of
twice the stage 1 voltage setting given in the [0503 1V] cell.
Page 11 of 21
If cell [0501 VF Links] link 1 equals 1, stage 1 has been set for undervoltage
operation. Set the ac voltage source so that prior to testing the voltage is above the
stage 1 voltage setting given in cell [0503 1V] and, during testing, half the stage
1 voltage setting. However, if cell [0501 VF Links] link D has been set to 1, the
voltage during testing must be greater than 15V as the undervoltage function will
be blocked below this voltage.
5.3.3 Determine the expected operating time
The setting of cell [0504 1V Char] selects the operating characteristic as either
definite time or inverse. If set to definite time, the value of cell [0505 1tV] is the
stage 1 operating time in seconds. If set to inverse, the value of cell [0506 1V
(tms)] is the time multiplier setting (TMS). The corresponding operating time (t) in
seconds is given by:
TMS
t =
M 1
where
Applied voltage
M =
Relay setting voltage (Vs)
5.3.4 Check the thermal withstand

The relays voltage inputs have been designed to withstand 2Vn continuously or
2.6Vn for 10 seconds, where Vn = 110V or 415/440V. Before performing the
tests, it should be checked that the thermal withstand is not going to be exceeded
as this could cause permanent damage to the relay.
5.3.5 Perform test
Reset the timer.
Apply the test voltage to the relay and record the time displayed on the timer.
The operating time should be the time calculated in step 3 2% or 50 milliseconds,
whichever is the greater.
Section 6. WIRING VERIFICATION TEST
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external
wiring that has been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay in
order to perform any of the above tests, it should be ensured that all connections
are replaced in accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme
diagram.
The following on-load measuring test ensures that the external (customer) wiring to
the voltage inputs is correct but can only be carried out if there are no restrictions
preventing the energisation of the plant being protected.
Measure the voltage transformer secondary voltages to ensure that they are
correctly rated and check that the system phase rotation is correct using a phase
rotation meter.
Page 12 of 21
If a KVFG 122 that is configured to measure Vo (ie. an open-delta voltage

transformer winding connected to terminals 21 and 22) is being tested, it may not
be possible to check the phase rotation.
Compare the values of the secondary voltages with the relays measured values,
which can be found in the MEASURE 1 menu column.
If the voltage transformer ratio settings (cells [0402 VT Ratio] and [0502 VT Ratio]
for residual and phase voltages respectively) are set to 1:1, the displayed values
are in secondary Volts. The relay values should be within 1% of the applied
secondary voltages.
Otherwise, if the voltage transformer ratio settings (cells [0402 VT Ratio] and
[0502 VT Ratio] for residual and phase voltages respectively) are set greater than
1:1, the displayed values are in primary Volts. In this case the relay values will be
equal to the applied secondary voltages multiplied by the appropriate voltage
transformer ratio setting and should be within the 1% tolerance.
It should be noted that no residual voltage will be measured under normal load
conditions. It will therefore be necessary to simulate a phase to neutral fault to
check the voltage transformer wiring.
Section 7. FINAL CHECKS
The tests are now complete.

Remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been necessary to
disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay in order to perform the wiring
verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
If the circuit breaker operations counter should be zero, reset it using cell
[0310 CB ops].
If a MMLG test block is installed, remove the MMLB 01 test plug and replace the
MMLG cover so that the protection is restored to service.
Replace the cover on the KVFG.
Ensure that all alarms and LEDs have been reset before leaving the relay.
Section 8. PROBLEM SOLVING
8.1 Password lost or not accepted

Relays are supplied with the password set to AAAA.
Only uppercase letters are accepted.
Password can be changed by the user, see Chapter 3, Section 3.
There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which
can be supplied by the factory, or service agent, if given details of its serial
number.
The serial number will be found in cell [0008 Serial No.] and should correspond to
the number on the label at the top right hand corner of the frontplate of the relay.
If they differ, quote the one in cell [0008 Serial No.].
Page 13 of 21
8.2 Protection settings

8.2.1 Settings for neutral voltage displacement protection function not displayed
For Group 1 settings:
Set cell [0401 ND Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings.
8.2.2 Settings for under/overvoltage protection function not displayed
Set cell [0501 VF Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings.
8.2.3 Settings for under/overfrequency protection function not displayed
Set cell [0601 FF Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings.
Set cell [0A01 FF Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings.
8.2.4 Settings for negative sequence overvoltage protection function not displayed
Set cell [0701 NS Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings.
Set cell [0701 NS Links] link 1 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings.
Page 14 of 21

Set cell [0B01 NS Links] link 0 to 1 to turn on stage 1 settings.
Set cell [0B01 NS Links] link 1 to 1 to turn on stage 2 settings.
8.2.5 Second setting group not displayed
Set cell [0003 SD Links] link 4 to 1 to turn on the Group 2 settings.
8.2.6 Function links can not be changed
Enter the password in cell [0002 Password] as these menu cells are protected.
Links are not selectable if associated text is not displayed.
8.2.7 Curve selection can not be changed
Enter the password in cell [0002 Password] as these menu cells are protected.
Curves may not have been selectable in the particular relay.
8.3 Alarms
If the watchdog relay operates, first check that the relay is energised from the
auxiliary supply. If it is, try to determine the cause of the problem by examining the
alarm flags in cell [0022 Alarms]. This will not be possible if the display is not
responding to key presses. Having attempted to determine the cause of the alarm it
may be possible to return the relay to an operable state by resetting it. To do this,
remove the auxiliary power supply from the relay for approximately 10 seconds
before re-establishing the supply. The relay should return to an operating state.
Re-check the alarm status in cell [0022 Alarms] if the alarm LED is still indicating
an alarm state. The following notes will give guidance:
8.3.1 Watchdog alarm
The watchdog output relay will pick up when the KVFG is operational to indicate a
healthy state, with its normally open contact closed. When an alarm condition
that requires some action to be taken is detected, the watchdog relay resets and
its normally closed contact will close to give an alarm.
Note: The green LED will usually follow the operation of the watchdog relay.
There is no shorting contact across the case terminals connected to the normally
closed contact of the watchdog relay. Therefore, the indication for a failed/
healthy relay will be cancelled when the relay is removed from its case.
If the relay is still functioning, the actual problem causing the alarm can be found
from the alarm records in cell [0022 Alarms] (see Chapter 3, Section 7.1).
8.3.2 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 0 = 1
For an Uncfg configuration alarm, the protection is stopped and no longer
performing its intended function as there will be an error in the factory
configuration settings.
To return the relay to a serviceable state, the initial factory configuration will have
to be reloaded and the relay re-calibrated. It is recommended that the work be
carried out at the factory, or entrusted to an approved service centre.
Page 15 of 21

For an Uncalib calibration alarm, the protection will still be operational but there
will be an error in its calibration that will require attention. It may be left running
provided the error does not cause any problems with incorrect tripping.
To return the relay to a serviceable state, the initial factory configuration will have
to be reloaded and the relay re-calibrated. It is recommended that the work be
carried out at the factory, or entrusted to an approved service centre.
A Setting alarm indicates that the area of non-volatile memory where the selected
protection settings are stored has been corrupted. The current settings should be
checked against those applied at the commissioning stage or any later changes
that have been made.
If a personal computer (PC) is used during commissioning then it is recommended
that the final settings applied to the relay are copied to a floppy disk with the serial
number of the relay used as the file name. The settings can then be readily loaded
back into the relay if necessary, or to a replacement relay.
The No Service alarm flag can only be observed when the relay is in the
calibration or configuration mode when the protection program will be stopped.
The No Samples alarm flag indicates that there is no output from the analogue to
digital convertor, although the relay will remain in service. If this flag should be set
to 1, please contact the factory or an approved service centre for advice.
The No Fourier alarm flag indicates that the Fourier analysis algorithm is no
longer running. If this flag should be set to 1, please contact the factory or an
approved service centre for advice.
The CB ops alarm flag indicates that, since the operations counter was last reset,
the circuit breaker has operated the number of times that has been set in cell
[0C07 CB Ops>].
The circuit breaker operations counter can be viewed and reset using cell [0310
CB ops].
8.3.9 Fault flags will not reset
These flags can only be reset when the flags Fn are being displayed or by resetting
the fault records (cell [0110 Clear=0]). For more details refer to Chapter 3, Section
4.15.
8.4 Records
8.4.1 Problems with event records
Fault records will only be generated if RLY3 is operated because this is the trigger
to store the records.
Fault records can be generated in response to another protection operating if one
of its trip contacts is used to operate RLY3 via an opto-isolated input on the
K Relay. This will result in the fault values, as measured by the K Relay, being
Page 16 of 21
stored at the instant RLY3 resets. The flag display (cell [0102 Fn G1]) will include a
flag to identify the opto-isolated input that initiated the record.
Fault currents recorded are lower than actual values, as the fault is interrupted
before measurement is completed.
Few fault records can be stored when changes in the state of logic inputs and relay
outputs are stored in the event records. These inputs and outputs can generate
many events for each fault occurrence and limit the total number of faults that can
be stored. Setting function link [0003 SD Links] link 7 to 0 will turn off this feature
and allow the maximum number of fault records to be stored.
The event records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a period
exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Events can only be read via the serial communication port and not on the LCD.
Any spare opto-isolated inputs may be used to log changes of state of external
contacts in the event record buffer of the K Relay. The opto-isolated input does not
have to be assigned to a particular function in order to achieve this (ie. it does not
have to be assigned in any of the input masks).
The oldest event is overwritten by the next event to be stored when the buffer
becomes full.
When a master station has successfully read a record, it usually clears it
automatically. When all records have been read, the event bit in the status byte
within the master station program is set to 0 to indicate that there are no longer
any records to be retrieved.
8.4.2 Problems with disturbance records
Only one record can be held in the buffer and the recorder must be reset before
another record can be stored. Automatic reset can be achieved by setting cell
[0003 SD Links] link 6 to 1. Once the disturbance recorder has stopped, it will
reset after the auxiliary 1 timer setting (cell [0C02 tAUX1]).
The disturbance records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a
period exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Disturbance records can only be read via the serial communication port. It is not
possible to display them on the LCD.
No trigger has been selected in cells [0F04 Logic Trig] or [0F05 Relay trig] to
initiate the storing of a disturbance record.
The disturbance recorder is automatically reset after the auxiliary 1 timer setting
(cell [0C02 tAUX1]) following stopping of the recorder. Change cell [0003 SD
Links] link 6 to 0 to select manual reset.
Post trigger (cell [0F03 Post Trigger]) is set to maximum value. Thus, the relay is
missing the fault.
When a master station has successfully read a record, it will clear the record
automatically and the disturbance record bit in the status byte within the master
station program will then be set to 0 to indicate that there is no longer a record to
be retrieved.
Page 17 of 21
8.5 Circuit breaker operation counter

When a replacement KVFG is fitted, it may be desirable to increment the circuit
breaker operation counter (count displayed in cell [0310 CB ops]) to the value on
the old relay. The counter can be incremented manually by operating the output
relay allocated for circuit breaker tripping the required number of times.
The circuit breaker operation counter is not incremented when another protection
trips the circuit breaker. Add a trip input from the other protection to an opto-
isolated input of the K Relay and arrange for output relay RLY3 or RLY7 to operate
instantaneously in response to the input.
8.6 Communications
An address (cell [000B Rly Address]) can not be automatically allocated if the
remote change of setting has been inhibited by cell [0003 SD Links] link 0 being
set to 0. This must be set to 1 for remote setting changes to be enabled.
Alternatively, the address must be entered manually via the user interface on the
relay.
An address (cell [000B Rly Address]) can not be allocated automatically unless the
address is first manually set to 0. This can be achieved by a global command
including the serial number of the relay.
Relay address is set to 255, the global address for which no replies are permitted.
8.6.1 Measured values do not change
Values in the MEASURE 1 and MEASURE 2 columns of the menu are snap-shots of
the values at the time they were requested. To obtain a value that varies with the
measured quantity, it should be added to the poll list as described in the user
manual for the access software being used.
8.6.2 Relay no longer responding
Check if other relays that are further along the bus are responding. If this is the
case, the relays communication processor should be reset by removing the
auxiliary supply from the relay for at least 10 seconds before re-energising it.
This should not be necessary as the reset operation occurs automatically when the
relay detects a loss of communication.
If relays further along the bus are not communicating, check to find out which are
responding to the master station. If some are responding, the position of the break
in the bus can be determined by deduction. If none is responding, check for data
on the bus or reset the communication port driving the bus with requests.
Check there are not two relays with the same address (cell [000B Rly Address]) on
the bus.
8.6.3 No response to remote control commands
Check that cell [0003 SD Links] link 0 is not set to 0 as this will inhibit the relay
from responding to remote commands. If this is the case set cell [0003 SD Links]
link 0 to 1; a password will be required.
System data function link settings can not be performed over the communication
link if the remote change of settings has been inhibited by setting cell [0003 SD
Links] link 0 to 0. Change [0003 SD Links] link 0 to 1 manually via the user
interface on the relay first.
Relay is not identified in the Circuit Breaker Control Menu of the Protection Access
Software and Toolkit if two auxiliary circuit breaker contacts have not been
Page 18 of 21
connected to the opto-isolated inputs of the relay to indicate its position via the
Plant Status Word (cell [000C Plnt Status]). Check input masks [0D15 CB Closed]
and [0D16 CB Open] for correct opto-isolator allocations, and the connections to
the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker.
8.7 Output relays remain picked up
Relays remain picked up when de-selected by link or mask.
If an output relay is operated at the time it is de-selected, either due to a software
link change or by de-selecting it in an output mask, it may remain operated until
the K Relay is powered down and up again. After such changes, it is advisable to
remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for at least 10 seconds before re-
energising it.
Section 9. MAINTENANCE
9.1 Remote testing

K-Range Midos relays are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than
earlier designs of relay. Most problems will result in an alarm so that remedial
action can be taken. However, some periodic tests could be done to ensure that
the relay is functioning correctly. If the relay can be communicated with from a
remote point, via its serial port, then some testing can be carried out without
actually visiting the site.
9.1.1 Alarms
The alarm status should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist.
The alarm records (cell [0022 Alarms]) can then be read to identify the nature of
any alarm that may exist.
9.1.2 Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be compared with known system values to
check that they are in the approximate range that is expected. If they are, then the
analogue/digital conversion and calculations are being performed correctly.
9.1.3 Trip test
If the relay is configured to provide remote control of the circuit breaker then a trip
test can be performed remotely in several ways:
1. Read the measured voltages in the MEASURE 1 column and adjust the under/
overvoltage function stage 1 setting (cell [0503 1V]) so that it operates after its
time delay.
The settings can then be returned to their usual value and the circuit breaker re-
closed.
Note: If setting group 2 is not being used for any other purpose, it could be
used for this test by having the test setting pre-selected and issuing a
command to change the setting group that is in use to initiate the
tripping sequence.
2. If the relay is connected for remote control of the circuit breaker then a trip/
close cycle can be performed. This method will not check as much of the
functional circuitry of the relay as the previous method but it will not need the
settings of the relay to be changed.
Page 19 of 21
If a failure to trip occurs, view cell [0021 Rly Status] whilst the test is repeated.
This will check that the output relay is being commanded to operate.
If the trip test is being performed using a trip/close cycle, the output relay assigned
in cell [0E16 CB Trip] should operate and not the main trip relay used by the
protection functions.
If the assigned output relay is not responding then an output relay allocated to a
less essential function may be re-allocated to the trip function to effect a temporary
repair. However, a visit may be needed to effect a wiring change. See Chapter 3,
Section 4.14 for details on how to set relay masks.
9.1.4 Circuit breaker operations counter
The number of circuit breaker operations can be obtained at this time by reading
cell [0310 CB ops]).
9.2 Local testing
When testing locally, similar tests to those for remote testing may be carried out to
check for correct functioning of the relay.
9.2.1 Alarms
The alarm status LED should be checked first to identify if any alarm conditions
exist. The alarm records (cell [0022 Alarms]) can then be read to identify the
nature of any alarm that may exist.
9.2.2 Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be checked against known values of voltage
applied to the relay. Suitable test methods can be found in Section 6 of this
chapter. These tests will prove the calibration accuracy is being maintained.
9.2.3 Trip test
If the relay is configured to provide a trip test via its user interface then this should
be performed to test the output trip relays. If the relay is configured for remote
control of the circuit breaker, the trip test will initiate the remote circuit breaker trip
relay (assigned in cell [0E16 CB Trip] and not the main trip relay used by the
protection functions. In this case the main trip relay should be tested by adjusting
the under/overvoltage protection function stage 1 setting (cell [0503 1V]) so that it
operates after its time delay. Afterwards, the settings must be returned to their
usual value.
Note: If setting group 2 is not being used for any other purpose, it could be used
for this test by having the test setting pre-selected and changing the setting
group that is in use to initiate the tripping sequence.
If the assigned output relay is not responding then an output relay allocated to a
less essential function may be re-allocated to the trip function to effect a temporary
repair. See Chapter 3, Section 4.14 for details on how to set relay masks.
9.2.4 Circuit breaker operations counter
The number of circuit breaker operations can be obtained at this time by reading
cell [0310 CB ops]).
9.2.5 Additional tests
Additional tests can be selected from the Commissioning Instructions as required.
Page 20 of 21
9.3 Method of repair

Please read the Safety Section and Chapter 2, Handling and Installation,
before proceeding with this work. This will ensure that no further damage is caused
by incorrect handling of the electronic components.
9.3.1 Replacing a pcb
Recalibration is not usually required when a pcb is replaced unless it happens to
be the left-hand board of the two that plug directly on to the left hand terminal
block as this one directly affect the calibration.
9.3.1.1 Replacement of user interface
Withdraw the module from its case.
Remove the four screws that are placed one at each corner of the front plate.
Remove the front plate.
Lever the top edge of the user interface board forwards to unclip it from its
mounting.
Pull the pcb upwards to unplug it from the connector at its lower edge.
Replace with a new interface board and re-assemble in the reverse order.
9.3.1.2 Replacement of main processor board
This is the pcb at the extreme left of the module, when viewed from the front.
To replace this board:
First remove the screws holding the side screen in place. There are two screws
through the top plate of the module and two more through the base plate.
Remove screen to expose the pcb.
Remove the two retaining screws, one at the top edge and the other directly below
it on the lower edge of the pcb.
Separate the pcb from the sockets at the front edge of the board. Note that they
are a tight fit and will require levering apart, taking care to ease the connectors
apart gradually so as not to crack the front pcb card. The connectors are designed
for ease of assembly in manufacture and not for continual dismantling of the unit.
Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above sequence, making sure that the
screen plate is replaced with all four screws securing it.
9.3.1.3 Replacement of auxiliary expansion board
This is the second board in from the left hand side of the module.
Remove the processor board as described in 9.3.1.2 above.
Remove the two securing screws that hold the auxiliary expansion board in place.
Unplug the pcb from the front bus as described for the processor board and
withdraw.
Replace in the reverse order of the above sequence, making sure that the screen
plate is replaced with all four screws securing it.
9.3.2 Replacing output relays
The main processor and auxiliary expansion boards are removed and replaced as
described in Sections 9.3.1.2 and 9.3.1.3 above respectively.
Page 21 of 21
It should be noted when replacing output relays that the pcbs have through plated
holes. Care must therefore be taken not to damage these holes when a component
is removed, otherwise solder may not flow through the hole to make a good
connection to the tracks on the component side of the pcb.
9.3.3 Replacing the power supply board
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of
the module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate
of the module.
Unplug the back plane from the power supply board.
Remove the securing screws at the top and bottom of the power supply board.
Withdraw the power supply board from the rear, unplugging it from the front bus.
Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above sequence.
9.3.4 Replacing the back plane
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of
the module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate
of the module.
Unplug the back plane from the power supply board.
Twist outwards and around to the side of the module.
Replace the pcb and terminal block assembly.
Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above sequence.
9.4 Recalibration
Recalibration is not usually required when a pcb is replaced unless it happens to
be the left-hand board of the two that plug directly on to the left hand terminal
block as this one directly affects the calibration.
Although it is possible to carry out recalibration on site, this requires test equipment
with suitable accuracy and a special calibration program to run on a PC. It is
therefore recommended that the work is carried out at the factory, or entrusted to
an approved service centre.
After calibration, the relay will need to have all the settings required for the
application re-entered if a replacement board has been fitted. Therefore, it is useful
if a copy of the settings is available on floppy disk. Although this is not essential, it
can reduce the time taken to re-enter the settings and hence the time the protection
is out of service.
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Appendix 1
Logic Diagrams
KVFG 122, 142 Appendix 1
Contents
Figure 1. Scheme logic diagram KVFG 122 Sheet 1 1

Page 1 of 6
+
VF1
0
1
ODO4 Blk 1tV >1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF2 OEO4 1tVa (b)
VF0
0 VF1 & 1tV 1 & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0 OEO5 1tVb (c) STAGE 1
1V 0
1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
VOLTAGE
VF4 OEO6 1tVc (a) SDA
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
1 1
ODO5 Blk 2tV >1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF5 OEO7 2tVa (b)
VF3
1 & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 VF4 & 2tV
2V
1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
VF7 OEO9 2tVc (a) VOLTAGE
SDA
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
1 1
ODO6 Blk 3tV >1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF8 OEOA 3tVa (b)
VF6
0 VF7 & 3tV 1 & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0 OEOB 3tVb (c)
3V STAGE 3
1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
OEOC 3tVc (a) VOLTAGE
VFA SDA
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
1 1
ODO7 Blk 4tV >1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VFB OEOD 4tVa (b)
VF9
1
0 VFA & 4tV & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0 OEOE 4tVb (c)
4V STAGE 4
1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
OEOF 4tVc (a) VOLTAGE
VFD SDA
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
1 1
Va (b)<
UNDERVOLTAGE
Va (c)< SDA & BLOCKING FOR
0 V&F ELEMENTS
1
ODO8 Blk 1tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE10 1tF
FF0 FF1 & 1tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STAGE 1
0 0 UNDER/OVER
1F
1 1 FREQUENCY
ODO9 Blk 2tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE11 2tF
FF2
FF3 & 2tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STAGE 2
0 0 UNDER/OVER
2F
1 1 FREQUENCY
ODOA Blk 3tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE12 3tF
FF4 FF5 & 3tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STAGE 3
0 0 UNDER/OVER
3F
1 1 FREQUENCY
ODOB Blk 4tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE13 4tF
FF6
FF7 & 4tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STAGE 4
0 0 UNDER/OVER
4F
1 FREQUENCY
1
ODO1 Blk 1tVo SDA STAGE 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEO1 1tVo 0
ND0 NEUTRAL
0 1Vo & 1tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 VOLTAGE
1 DISPLACEMENT
ODO2 Blk 2tVo
SDA STAGE 2
ND1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OEO2 2tVo 0 NEUTRAL
0 2Vo & 2tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 VOLTAGE
1 DISPLACEMENT
Figure 1. Scheme logic diagram KVFG 122 Sheet 1

Page 2 of 6
+ -
ODO3 Blk 3tVo SDA
ND2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ODO3 3tVo 0 STAGE 3
NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
0 3Vo & 3tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
DISPLACEMENT
1
ODOC Blk 1tV2 SDA
NS0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE14 1tV2 1 STAGE 1
0 1V2 & 1tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 NEGATIVE SEQUENCE
1 OVERVOLTAGE
ODOD Blk 2tV2 SDA
NS1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE15 2tV2 STAGE 2
1
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE
0 2V2 & 2tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
OVERVOLTAGE
1
ODOE L Trip
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE16 CB Trip
>1 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD2 Trip Circuit Breaker
0
1
OE17 CB Close CIRCUIT BREAKER
ODOF L Close Close Circuit Breaker
>1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CONTROL
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RESET
NS2 SD9
V2 CI BI 0 0
1 >1 1
OD10 Ext Trip

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 GENERATE CIRCUIT BREAKER
RLY3 MAINTENANCE RECORDS
FAULT RECORD
>1 LATCH RED TRIP LED
& FLAG LATCH
LOG6 LATCH FLAGS
0 RLY7 INITIATION
1 COPY TO EVENT RECORDS
SD5
0
1 RESET TRIP FLAGS
DISTURBANCE
OD11 Aux1 SD8 Recorder
Stopped RECORDER
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 RESET DISTURBANCE RESET
Recorder
>1 1 RECORDER
SD8
Stopped >1
0 tAUX1 OE18 Aux1
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 tAUX2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUXILIARY
1
TIMERS
LOG5
OD13 Aux3 OE1A Aux3
0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 tAUX3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
OD14 Set Grp2 SD4
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 CHANGE TO
SD3 >1 1 SETTING GROUP 2
0 Remote Set Grp2 SET SETTING GROUP
1 CONTROL
Remote Set Grp1 RESET
OD15 CB Closed OE1B Level 1

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Load Shed Level 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OD16 CB Open PLANT OE1C Level 2 LOAD SHEDDING
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STATUS Load Shed Level 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PLANT STATUS
WORD
OD17 Bus 2 OE1D Level 3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Load Shed Level 3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG7
0 OE1E CB Alarm CIRCUIT
1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 BREAKER ALARM
SD F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FF2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ND1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NS1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ND2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FF1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NS2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

LOG F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Page 3 of 6
FUNCTION LINK SETTINGS

SYSTEM SETTINGS
LINK NUMBER F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SYS Password
SD Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYS Description
ND1 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYS Plant Ref.
ND2 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYS Frequency
VF1 Fn Links 0 0 0
SYS Rly Address
VF2 Fn. Links 0 0 0
SYS CB Control
FF1 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FF2 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NS1 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NS2 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LOG Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LOGIC SETTINGS
TIMER tAUX1 TIMER tCLOSE
TIMER tAUX2 CB Ops>
TIMER tAUX 3 Display
TIMER tTRIP
RECORDER SETTINGS
REC Control
REC Capture
REC Post Trigger
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REC Logic trig 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
REC Relay trig 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROTECTION SETTINGS
SETTING GROUP 1 SETTING GROUP 2
Neut. Disp 1 UV/OV 1 UF/OF 1 Neg Seq 1 Neut Disp 2 UV/OV 2 UF/OF 2 Neg Seq 2
ND1 UV/OV1 UF/OF1 NS1 ND2 UV/OV2 UF/OF2 NS2
VT Ratio VT Ratio 1F 1V2 VT Ratio VT Ratio 1F 1V2
1Vo 1V 1tF 1V2Char 1Vo 1V 1tF 1V2Char
1VoChar 1VChar 2F 1tV2 1VoChar 1VChar 2F 1tV2
1tVo 1tV 2tF 1V2(tms) 1tVo 1tV 2tF 1V2(tms)
1Vo(tms) 1V(tms) 3F 2V2 1Vo(tms) 1V(tms) 3F 2V2
ND1 UV/OV1 NS1 ND2 UV/OV2 NS2
2Vo(tms) 2V(tms) V2 CI BI 2Vo(tms) 2V(tms) V2 CI BI
ND1 UV/OV1 ND2 UV/OV2
3Vo 3V 3Vo 3V
3VoChar 3VChar 3VoChar 3VChar
3tVo 3tV 3tVo 3tV
3Vo(tms) 3V(tms) 3Vo(tms) 3V(tms)
UV/OV1 UV/OV2
4V 4V
UV/OV1 UV/OV2
4VChar 4VChar
UV/OV1 UV/OV2
4tV 4tV
UV/OV1 UV/OV2
4V(tms) 4V(tms)

Page 4 of 6
+
VF1
0
1
OD04 Blk 1tV >1
VF0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF2 OEO4 1tVa (b)
1 &
0 VF1 & 1tV 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0 OEO5 1tVb (c)
1V STAGE 1
1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
VOLTAGE
VF4 OEO6 1tVc (a)
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
OD05 Blk 2tV >1
VF3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF5 OEO7 2tVa (b)
0 VF4 & 1tF 1 & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2V
1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
VOLTAGE
VF7 OEO9 2tVc (a)
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
OD06 Blk 3tV >1
VF6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF8 OEOA 3tVa (b)
0 VF7 & 3tV 1 & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0 OEOB 3tVb (c)
3V STAGE 3
1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
VFA OEOC 3tVc (a) VOLTAGE
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
OD07 Blk 4tV
>1
VF9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VFB OEOD 4tVa (b)
0 VFA & 4tV 1 & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 0 OEOE 4tVb (c)
4V STAGE 4
1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
0
OEOF 4tVc (a) VOLTAGE
VFD
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
Va (b)<
Vb (c)< UNDERVOLTAGE
BLOCKING FOR
Vc (a)< V&F ELEMENTS
OD08 Blk 1tV

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE10 1tF
FF0 FF1 & 1tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STAGE 1
0 UNDER/OVER
0 1F FREQUENCY
1 1
OD09 Blk 2tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE11 2tF
STAGE 2
FF2 FF3 & 2tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 UNDER/OVER
0 0 FREQUENCY
2F
1 1
ODOA Blk 3tF

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE12 3tF
STAGE 3
FF4 FF5 & 3tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
UNDER/OVER
0 0 FREQUENCY
3F
1 1
ODOB Blk 4tF
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE13 4tF
STAGE 4
FF6 FF7 & 4tF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
UNDER/OVER
0 0 FREQUENCY
4F
1 1
OD01 Blk 1tVo STAGE 1
ND0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE01 1tVo NEUTRAL
0 1V0 & 1tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VOLTAGE
DISPLACEMENT
1
OD02 Blk 2tVo
STAGE 2
ND1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE02 2tVo
NEUTRAL
0 2Vo
& 2tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VOLTAGE
1 DISPLACEMENT

Page 5 of 6
+
OD03 Blk 3tVo
ND2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE03 3tVo STAGE 3
0 3V0 & 3tVo 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NEUTRAL VOLTAGE
1 DISPLACEMENT
OD0C Blk 1tV2
NS0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE14 1tV2 STAGE 1
0 1V2 & 2tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NEGATIVE SEQUENGE
1 OVERVOLTAGE
OD0D Blk 2tV2
NS1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE15 2tV2 STAGE 2
0 2V2 & 2tV2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NEGATIVE SEQUENGE
1 OVERVOLTAGE
OD0E L Trip
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 OE16 CB Trip
SD2 >1 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 Trip Circuit Breaker
1
OE17 CB Close
OD0F L Close Close Circuit Breaker
>1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CIRCUIT BREAKER
CONTROL
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RESET
NS2 SD9
V2 CI BI 0 0
1 >1 1
OD10 Ext Trip

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 GENERATE CIRCUIT BREAKER
RLY3 MAINTENANCE RECORDS FAULT RECORD
>1 LATCH RED TRIP LED & FLAG LATCH
LOG6 LATCH FLAGS
0 RLY7 INITIATION
1 COPY TO EVENT RECORDS
SD5
0
1 RESET TRIP FLAGS
DISTURBANCE
OD11 Aux1 SD8 Recorder
RECORDER
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 Stopped RESET DISTURBANCE RESET
Recorder
>1 1 RECORDER
SD8
0 Stopped >1 tAUX1
1 OE18 Aux1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 tAUX2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUXILIARY
0
TIMERS
LOG5
OD13 Aux3 OE1A Aux3
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 tAUX3 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OD14 Set Grp2 SD4

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 CHANGE TO SETTING
SD3 >1 1 GROUP 2 SETTING GROUP
0 Remote Reset Grp2 SET CONTROL
1
Remote Reset Grp1 RESET
OD15 CB Closed OE1B Level 1

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Load Shed Level 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OD16 CB Open PLANT OE1C Level 2 LOAD SHEDDING
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 STATUS Load Shed Level 2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PLANT STATUS
WORD
OD17 Bus 2 OE1D Level 3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Load Shed Level 3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG7
0 CB (ops)> OE1E CB Alarm
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CIRCUIT BREAKER
1
ALARM
SD F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FF2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ND1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VF2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NS1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ND2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 FF1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NS2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Page 6 of 6
FUNCTION LINK SETTINGS

SYSTEM SETTINGS
LINK NUMBER F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SYS Password
SD Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYS Description
ND1 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYS Plant Ref.
ND2 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SYS Frequency
VF1 Fn Links 0 0 0
SYS Rly Address
VF2 Fn. Links 0 0 0
SYS CB Control
FF1 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FF2 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NS1 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NS2 Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LOG Fn. Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LOGIC SETTINGS
TIMER tAUX1 TIMER tCLOSE
TIMER tAUX2 CB Ops>
TIMER tAUX 3 Display
TIMER tTRIP
RECORDER SETTINGS
REC Control
REC Capture
REC Post Trigger
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REC Logic trig 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
REC Relay trig 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PROTECTION SETTINGS
SETTING GROUP 1 SETTING GROUP 2
Neut. Disp 1 UV/OV 1 UF/OF 1 Neg Seq 1 Neut Disp 2 UV/OV 2 UF/OF 2 Neg Seq 2
VT Ratio VT Ratio 1F 1V2 VT Ratio VT Ratio 1F 1V2
1Vo(tms) 1V(tms) 3F 2V2 1Vo(tms) 1V(tms) 3F 2V2
ND1 UV/OV1 NS1 ND2 UV/OV2 NS2
2Vo(tms) 2V(tms) V2 CI BI 2Vo(tms) 2V(tms) V2 CI BI
3Vo 3V 3Vo 3V
3VoChar 3VChar 3VoChar 3VChar
3tVo 3tV 3tVo 3tV
3Vo(tms) 3V(tms) 3Vo(tms) 3V(tms)
UV/OV1 UV/OV2
4V 4V
UV/OV1 UV/OV2
4VChar 4VChar
UV/OV1 UV/OV2
4tV 4tV
UV/OV1 UV/OV2
4V(tms) 4V(tms)

Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Appendix 2
Connection Diagrams
Contents
1. CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR CUSTOMISING 1

Figure 1. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase or phase-neutral voltage
measurement with residual voltage measurement 1
Figure 2. Typical application diagram. 3 phase voltage measurement with calculated
residual voltage. 2
Figure 3. Typical application diagram. 2 phase-phase and residual voltage
measurement. 3
Figure 4. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase voltage measurement
(no residual voltage measurement) 4
2. CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR RELAYS AS SUPPLIED 5
Figure 5. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase or phase-neutral voltage
measurement with residual voltage measurement 5
Figure 6. Typical application diagram. 3 phase voltage measurement with
calculated residual voltage. 6
Figure 7. Typical application diagram. 2 phase-phase and residual voltage
measurement. 7
Figure 8. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase voltage measurement
(no residual voltage measurement) 8
A A
B 13 4
AC/DC
C 6 Relay healthy
C B A B C supply 14
Phase rotation Vx 3
Section 1.
KVFG 122, 142
dn 5 Relay failed
N
SERVICE MANUAL
30
Case earth
n 32 RL0
1 29 30 da
3 4 31 32 34
Note 2
5 6 33 34 36 RL1
a b c
7 8 35 36 19 38
9 10 37 38 20 Va/Vab 40 RL2
39 40
13 14 21 42
41 42
Note 3 Vo 44 RL3
43 44
17 18 22
45 46 KVFG 122
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 50 1
51 52 46
53 54
L0 Case earth
connection
55 56 48 Note 2
L1 54
SCN
50
L2 56 K-Bus communications port
Module terminal blocks
viewed from rear 52
(with integral case Logic input common (1) SCN
earth strap)
7
Notes: +48V field voltage
8
1 (a) CT shorting links make before
(b) and (c) disconnect.
(b) Short terminals break before (c).
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
2 Earth connections are typical only.
3 Residual voltage measurement requires a
5 limb VT or 3 single phase VTs.
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR CUSTOMISING
Page 1 of 8
R8559B
Appendix 2
Figure 1. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase or phase-neutral voltage measurement with residual voltage measurement
A
13 4
B AC/DC
A 6 Relay healthy
C supply 14
A B C Vx 3
5 Relay failed
C B
30
KVFG 122, 142
Phase rotation N
32 RL0
SERVICE MANUAL
n
Case earth 34
1 29 30 Note 2 a b c 17 36 RL1
3 4 31 32 38
18
5 6 33 34 40 RL2
7 8 35 36
19 42
9 10 37 38
20 44 RL3
39 40
13 14 41 42
29
21 KVFG 142
43 44 Note 3 31 RL4
17 18 45 46 22 33
19 20 47 48 46 35 RL5
21 22 L0
49 50
37
51 52 48
L1 39 RL6
53 54
55 56 50 41
L2
43 RL7
SCN 52
Logic input common (1) 1
Module terminal blocks 45
viewed from rear L3 Case earth
(with integral case connection
earth strap) 47 Note 2
L4 54
Notes: 49
(b) and (c) disconnect. 51 SCN
L6
(c) Long terminal 53 7
L7 +48V field voltage
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 8
55
2 Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Page 2 of 8
R8559B
Appendix 2
Figure 2. Typical application diagram. 3 phase voltage measurement with calculated residual voltage.
A A
13 4
G B AC/DC
6 Relay healthy
C supply 14
A B C Vx 3
C B
Phase rotation 5 Relay failed
N 30
KVFG 122, 142
32 RL0
SERVICE MANUAL
n
Note 2 34
Earthing
Case earth
ZG a b c RL1
Tx 17 36
1 29 30 38
3 31
18
4 32 40 RL2
5 6 33 34
19 42
7 8 35 36
20 44 RL3
9 10 37 38
39 40 29
21 KVFG 142
13 14 41 42 31 RL4
Vo
43 44 22 33
17 18 45 46 46 35 RL5
19 20 L0
47 48
21 22 37
49 50 48
L1 39 RL6
51 52
53 54 50 41
L2
55 56 43 RL7
52
SCN
45
L3 Case earth
viewed from rear connection
47 Note 2
(with integral case L4 54
earth strap)
49
Notes:
51 SCN
1 (a) CT shorting links make before L6
53 7
(b) Short terminals break before (c). L7
8 +48V field voltage
(c) Long terminal 55
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). Logic input common (2)
Page 3 of 8
R8559B
Appendix 2
Figure 3. Typical application diagram. 2 phase-phase and residual voltage measurement.

A A
13 4
B AC/DC
6 Relay healthy
C supply 14
C B A B C Vx 3
KVFG 122, 142

SERVICE MANUAL
N 30
Case earth 32 RL0
n
1 29 30
34
3 4 31 32 Note 2 36 RL1
a b c
5 6 33 34 19 38
7 8 35 36 20 Vab 40 RL2
9 10 37 38
42
39 40 21
13 14 44 RL3
41 42 Vbc
43 44 22 KVFG 122
17 18 45 46 1
19 20 47 48
21 22 Case earth
49 50 46 connection
51 52
L0 Note 2
53 54 48 54
L1
55 56
50 56 K-Bus communications port
SCN L2
52 SCN
Module terminal blocks Logic input common (1)
viewed from rear 7
(with integral case
earth strap) 8 +48V field voltage
Notes:
(c) Long terminal
Page 4 of 8
R8559B
Appendix 2
Figure 4. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase voltage measurement (no residual voltage measurement)
A A
B 13 4
AC/DC
C 6 Relay healthy
C B A B C supply 14
Section 2.
Phase rotation Vx 3
KVFG 122, 142
dn 5 Relay failed
SERVICE MANUAL
N 30
Case earth
n 32 UV Indication [1 tVa(b)]
1 29 30 da
3 4 31 32 34
Note 2
5 6 33 34 36 OV Indication [3 tVa(b)]
a b c
7 8 35 36 19 38
9 10 37 38 Va/Vab
SUPPLIED
20 40 NVD Indication [1 tVa]

39 40
13 14 21 42
41 42
Note 3 Vo 44 Trip [1 tVa(b)/3 tVa(b)/1 tVa]
43 44
17 18 22
45 46 KVFG 122
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 50 1
51 52 46
53 54
External trip L0 Case earth
connection
55 56 48 Note 2
Change setting group L1 54
SCN
50
Block UV [Blk 1tV] L2 56 K-Bus communications port
viewed from rear 52
(with integral case Logic input common (1) SCN
earth strap)
7
Notes: +48V field voltage
8
(c) Long terminal
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR RELAYS AS

Page 5 of 8
R8559B
Appendix 2
Figure 5. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase or phase-neutral voltage measurement with residual voltage measurement
A
13 4
B AC/DC
A 6 Relay healthy
C supply 14
A B C Vx 3
5 Relay failed
C B
30
KVFG 122, 142
Phase rotation N
32 UV Indication [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)]
SERVICE MANUAL
n
Case earth 34
1 29 30 Note 2 a b c 17 36 OV Indication [3tVa(b)/3tVb(c)/3tVc(a)]
3 4 31 32 38
18
5 6 33 34 40 NV Indication [1tVa]
7 8 35 36
19 42
9 10 37 38 Trip [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)/3tVa(b/
20 44
39 40 3tVb(c)/3tVc(a] [1tVo/1tF/3tF]
13 14 41 42
29
21 KVFG 142
43 44 Note 3 31 UF Indication [1tF]
17 18 45 46 22 33
19 20 47 48 46 35 OF Indication [3tF]
21 22 Block NVD [Blk 1tVo] L0
49 50
37
51 52 48
Block UV/UF [Blk 1tV/Blk 1tF] L1 39 Control CB Close
53 54
55 56 50 41
Initiate Auxiliary Timer 1 L2 Control CB Trip
43
SCN 52
Module terminal blocks 45
viewed from rear Initiate Auxiliary Timer 1 L3 Case earth
(with integral case connection
earth strap) 47 Note 2
CB Closed Indication L4 54
Notes: 49
External Trip L5 56 K-Bus communications port
(b) and (c) disconnect. 51 SCN
CB Closed Indication L6
(c) Long terminal 53 7
CB Open Indication L7
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 8 +48V field voltage
55
2 Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Page 6 of 8
R8559B
Appendix 2
Figure 6. Typical application diagram. 3 phase voltage measurement with calculated residual voltage.
A A
13 4
G B AC/DC
6 Relay healthy
C supply 14
A B C Vx 3
C B
KVFG 122, 142
N 30
SERVICE MANUAL
n
Note 2 34
Earthing
Case earth
ZG a b c
Tx 17 36 OV Indication [3tVa(b)/3tVb(c)/3tVc(a)]
1 29 30 38
3 31
18
4 32 40 NV Indication [1tVa]
5 6 33 34
19 42
7 8 35 36 Trip [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)/3tVa(b/
20 44 3tVb(c)/3tVc(a] [1tVo/1tF/3tF]
9 10 37 38
39 40 29
21 KVFG 142
13 14 41 42 31 UF Indication [1tF]
Vo
43 44 22 33
17 18 45 46 46 35 OF Indication [3tF]
19 20 Block NVD [Blk 1tVo] L0
47 48
21 22 37
49 50 48
Block UV/UF [Blk 1tV/Blk 1tF] L1 39 Control CB Close
51 52
53 54 50 41
Block OV/OF [Blk 3tV/Blk 3tF] L2
55 56 43 Control CB Trip
52
SCN
45
Initiate Auxiliary Timer 1 L3 Case earth
viewed from rear connection
47 Note 2
(with integral case Change Setting Group L4 54
earth strap)
49
External Trip L5 56 K-Bus communications port
Notes:
51 SCN
1 (a) CT shorting links make before CB Closed Indication L6
53 7
(b) Short terminals break before (c). CB Open Indication L7
8 +48V field voltage
(c) Long terminal 55
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). Logic input common (2)
Page 7 of 8
R8559B
Appendix 2
Figure 7. Typical application diagram. 2 phase-phase and residual voltage measurement.

A A
13 4
B AC/DC
6 Relay healthy
C supply 14
C B A B C Vx 3
KVFG 122, 142
N 30
SERVICE MANUAL
Case earth
n
1 29 30
34
3 4 31 32 Note 2 36 OV Indication [3tVa(b)/3tVb(c)/3tVc(a)]
a b c
5 6 33 34 19 38
7 8 35 36 20 Vab 40 CB Alarm
9 10 37 38
42
39 40 21 Trip [1tVa(b)/1tVb(c)/1tVc(a)
13 14 44 3tVb(b)/3tVb(c)/3tVc(a)]
41 42 Vbc
43 44 22 KVFG 122
17 18 45 46 1
19 20 47 48
21 22 Case earth
49 50 46 connection
51 52
External Trip L0 Note 2
53 54 48 54
Change Setting Group L1
55 56
50 56 K-Bus communications port
SCN Block UV [Blk 1tV] L2
52 SCN
Module terminal blocks Logic input common (1)
viewed from rear 7
(with integral case
earth strap) 8 +48V field voltage
Notes:
(c) Long terminal
Page 8 of 8
R8559B
Appendix 2
Figure 8. Typical application diagram. Phase-phase voltage measurement (no residual voltage measurement)
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Appendix 3
Commissioning Test Record
Contents
1. COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD 1

2. SETTING RECORD 5
COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD R8559B
Page 1 of 14
Section 1. COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD
Date
Station Circuit
System Frequency
Front plate information

Multifunctional voltage and frequency relay type KVFG 1__2
Model number
Serial number
Rated Current In
Auxiliary Voltage Vx
Polarising Voltage Vn
*Delete as appropriate
1 Introduction
Have all relevant safety instructions been followed? Yes/No*
Have the handling instructions been followed? Yes/No*
4 Product verification tests

4.1 With the relay de-energised
4.1.1 Visual inspection
Module or case damaged? Yes/No*
Model numbers on case and front plate match? Yes/No*
Serial numbers on case and front plate match? Yes/No*
Rating information correct? Yes/No*
Case earth installed? Yes/No*
4.1.2 Insulation resistance tested during commissioning? Yes/No*

If No, has insulation resistance been tested Yes/No*/Not required*
4.1.3 External wiring

Wiring checked against diagram (if available)? Yes/No*
Test block connections checked? Yes/No/na*
Page 2 of 14

With auxiliary supply on Terminals 3 and 5 Open/Closed*
Terminals 4 and 6 Open/Closed*
4.2.2 Light emitting diodes

Relay healthy (green) LED working? Yes/No*
Alarm (yellow) LED working? Yes/No*
Trip (red) LED working? Yes/No*
4.2.3 Liquid crystal display

All pixels working? Yes/No*
Backlight switches on when key pressed? Yes/No*
Backlight switches off automatically Yes/No*
4.2.4 Field supply voltage ______V dc
4.2.5 Input opto-isolators

Input L0 working? Yes/No*
Input L3 working? (KVFG 142 only) Yes/No/na*
4.2.6 Output relays

Output RL0 working? Yes/No*
Output RL4 working? (KVFG 142 only) Yes/No/na*
4.2.7 K-Bus communications working? Yes/No/na*

Page 3 of 14
4.2.8 Voltage inputs

VT ratio (phase voltages) 10:1V
VT ratio (residual voltages) 10:1V/na*
Input VT Applied value Relay value

Va ___________V ___________V
Vb ___________V ___________V
Vc ___________V ___________V
Vo ___________V ___________V
5 Setting verification tests

5.1 Customers settings applied? Yes/No*
If settings applied using a portable computer
and software, which software and version was used? ____________________
5.2 Settings on relay verified? Yes/No*
5.3 Under/overvoltage function stage 1 tested? Yes/No*

Protection function selected? UV/OV*
Applied voltage _________V
Expected operating time _________s
Actual operating time _________s
6 Wiring verification test

Temporary connections removed? Yes/No/na*
Disturbed wiring checked? Yes/No/na*
On-load test performed? Yes/No*
VT ratio (UV/OV function) ________/1V
VT secondary voltages: Measured value Relay value

A N/A B* ________V ________V
B N/B C* ________V ________V
C N/C A* ________V ________V
Residual ________V ________V
Phase rotation correct Yes/No*

Page 4 of 14
7 Final checks
Temporary connections removed? Yes/No/na*
Disturbed wiring checked? Yes/No/na*
MMLG 01 cover replaced? Yes/No/na*
KVFG cover replaced Yes/No*
Commissioning Engineer Customer Witness
Date Date
Page 5 of 14
Section 2. SETTING RECORD
Date Engineer
Station Date
Circuit System Frequency
Front plate information

Multifunctional voltage and frequency relay type KVFG 1__2
Model number
Serial number
Auxiliary Voltage Vx
Polarising Voltage Vn
0000 SYSTEM DATA F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0002 Password
0003 SD Links
0004 Description
0005 Plant
0006 Model
0008 Serial No.
0009 Frequency
000A Comms Level
000B Rly Address
0011 Software
Page 6 of 14
0400 NEUT DISP 1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0401 ND Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0402 VT Ratio
0403 1Vo
0404 1VoChar
0405 1tVo
0406 1Vo(tms)
0407 2Vo
0408 2VoChar
0409 2tVo
040A 2Vo(tms)
040B 3Vo
040C 3VoChar
040D 3tVo
040E 3Vo(tms)
Page 7 of 14
0500 UV/OV 1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0501 VF Links 0 0
0502 VT Ratio
0503 1V
0504 1V Char
0505 1tV
0506 1V (tms)
0507 2V
0508 2V Char
0509 2tV
050A 2V (tms)
050B 3V
050C 3V Char
050D 3tV
050E 3V (tms)
050F 4V
0510 4V Char
0511 4tV
0512 4V (tms)
0600 UF/OF 1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0601 FF Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0603 1F
0604 1tF
0605 2F
0606 2tF
0607 3F
0608 3tF
0609 4F
060A 4tF
Page 8 of 14
0700 NEG SEQ 1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0701 NS Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0702 1V2
0703 1V2Char
0704 1tV2
0705 1V2(tms)
0706 2V2
0707 2V2Char
0708 2tV2
0709 2V2(tms)
070A V2 Cl Bl
0800 NEUT DISP 2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0801 ND Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0802 VT Ratio
0803 1Vo
0804 1VoChar
0805 1tVo
0806 1Vo(tms)
0807 2Vo
0808 2VoChar
0809 2tVo
080A 2Vo(tms)
080B 3Vo
080C 3VoChar
080D 3tVo
080E 3Vo(tms)
Page 9 of 14
0900 UV/OV 2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0901 VF Links 0 0
0902 VT Ratio
0903 1V
0904 1V Char
0905 1tV
0906 1V (tms)
0907 2V
0908 2V Char
0909 2tV
090A 2V (tms)
090B 3V
090C 3V Char
090D 3tV
090E 3V (tms)
090F 4V
0910 4V Char
0911 4tV
0912 4V (tms)
Page 10 of 14
0A00 UF/OF 2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0A01 FF Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0A03 1F
0A04 1tF
0A05 2F
0A06 2tF
0A07 3F
0A08 3tF
0A09 4F
0A0A 4tF
0B00 NEG SEQ 2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0B01 NS Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0B02 1V2
0B03 1V2Char
0B04 1tV2
0B05 1V2(tms)
0B06 2V2
0B07 2V2Char
0B08 2tV2
0B09 2V2(tms)
0B0A V2 Cl Bl
Page 11 of 14
0C00 LOGIC F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0C01 LOG Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0C02 tAUX1
0C03 tAUX2
0C04 tAUX3
0C05 tTRIP
0C06 tCLOSE
0C07 CB Ops>
0C0F Display
Page 12 of 14
0D00 INPUT MASKS F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0D01 Blk 1tVo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0D02 Blk 2tVo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D03 Blk 3tVo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D04 Blk 1tV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D05 Blk 2tV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D06 Blk 3tV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D07 Blk 4tV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D08 Blk 1tF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D09 Blk 2tF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D0A Blk 3tF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D0B Blk 4tF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D0C Blk 1tV2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D0D Blk 2tV2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D0E L Trip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D0F L Close 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D10 Ext Trip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D11 Aux 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D12 Aux 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D13 Aux 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D14 Set Grp 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D15 CB Closed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D16 CB Open 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0D17 Bus2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 13 of 14
0E00 RELAY MASKS F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0E01 1tVo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E02 2tVo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E03 3tVo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E04 1tVa(-b) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E05 1tVb(-c) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E06 1tVc(-a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E07 2tVa(-b) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E08 2tVb(-c) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E09 2tVc(-a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E0A 3tVa(-b) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E0B 3tVb(-c) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E0C 3tVc(-a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E0D 4tVa(-b) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E0E 4tVb(-c) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E0F 4tVc(-a) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E10 1tF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E11 2tF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E12 3tF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E13 4tF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E14 1tV2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E15 2tV2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E16 CB Trip 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E17 CB Close 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E18 Aux1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E19 Aux2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E1A Aux3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E1B Level 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E1C Level 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E1D Level 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0E1E CB Alarm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Page 14 of 14
0F00 RECORDER F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0F01 Control
0F02 Capture
0F03 Post Trigger
0F04 Logic Trig
0F05 Relay Trig
Types KVFG 122, 142
Service Manual
Appendix 4
Contents
Figure 1. Underfrequency instantaneous operating times 1

Figure 2. Overfrequency instantaneous operating times 2
Under frequency instantaneous operating times (Fs = 58Hz)
1000
900
KVFG 122, 142
Maximum
SERVICE MANUAL
Minimum
800
700
600
500
Operating time (ms)

400
300
200
100
0
58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46
Applied frequency (Hz)
Page 1 of 2
R8559B
Appendix 4
Figure 1. Underfrequency instantaneous operating times (Fs = 58Hz)

Over frequency instantaneous operating times (Fs = 58Hz)
1000
900
KVFG 122, 142
Maximum
SERVICE MANUAL
Minimum
800
700
600
500
Operating time (ms)

400
300
200
100
0
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
Applied frequency (Hz)
Page 2 of 2
R8559B
Appendix 4
Figure 2. Overfrequency instantaneous operating times (Fs = 52Hz)

Publication: R8559C
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Types KVFG 122, 142

Voltage and Frequency Relays

Safety Section Page 1/10

2. HEALTH AND SAFETY 3

3. SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT 4

4. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING 4

5. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL 7

6. EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS 7

7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY 7

7.1 Protective fuse rating 7

7.2 Protective Class 7

7.3 Installation Category 7

9. RECOGNIZED AND LISTED MARKS FOR NORTH AMERICA 9

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2. HEALTH AND SAFETY

are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

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3. SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT

Caution: refer to equipment documentation Caution: risk of electric shock

Protective Conductor (*Earth) terminal.

Functional/Protective Conductor Earth terminal

4. INSTALLING, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING

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Protection Class I Equipment

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External resistors, including voltage dependent resistors (VDRs)

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5. DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL

6. EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDES ELECTROMECHANICAL ELEMENTS

7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY

7.2 Protective Class

7.3 Installation Category

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Pollution Degree Pollution Compliance is demonstrated by reference to safety

Product safety: Compliance demonstrated by reference to

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive Compliance demonstrated via the Technical

The equipment is compliant with Article 1(2) of

Radio and Compliance demonstrated by compliance to the Low

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9. RECOGNIZED AND LISTED MARKS FOR NORTH AMERICA

UL Recognized to UL (USA) requirements

UL Recognized to UL (USA) and CSA (Canada) requirements

UL Listed to UL (USA) requirements

UL Listed to UL (USA) and CSA (Canada) requirements

Certified to CSA (Canada) requirements

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CHAPTER 2 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION

CHAPTER 3 RELAY DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION OF PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

CHAPTER 5 MEASUREMENT AND RECORDS

CHAPTER 6 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

CHAPTER 7 TECHNICAL DATA

APPENDIX 1 LOGIC DIAGRAMS

APPENDIX 2 CONNECTION DIAGRAMS

APPENDIX 3 COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD

Section 2. USING THE MANUAL

Section 3. AN INTRODUCTION TO KVFG RELAYS

Section 4. MODELS AVAILABLE AND MAIN FEATURES

Two versions of the KVFG are available:

Section 5. AVAILABILITY OF MAIN FEATURES

Feature KVFG 122 KVFG142

Note: indicates that a function is always available.