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Week 2
Week 2
P1V1 = P2V2
V1/T1 = V2/T2
mv2rms = 3/2 kT
Q = mcT
But now we know from the first law that the amount
of heat released by the system depends on the path taken to
get from the initial and final states. Therefore, now the
heat associated with a given change in temperature does not
have a unique value.
CV = 3/2 R
CV = 5/2 R
CV = 7/2 R
CV = 3 R
Thermodynamics
U = Uf Ui = Q-W
Q is positive when the system gains heat and negative
when it loses heat. W is positive when work is done by the
system and negative if work is done on the system.
And because the pressure increases but not the volume, the
gas does no work so from the first law:
dU = nCVdT
dQ = nCPdT
dW = pdV = nRdT
So now:
nCP dT = dU + nRdT
CP = C V + R
And as expected we see that the specific heat capacity at
constant pressure is indeed greater than at constant
volume.
T1V1-1 = T2V2-1
Therefore:
p1V1 = p2V2
W = nCV(T1-T2)
Or:
W = 1/ (p1V1 p2V2)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat flows
spontaneously from a substance at a higher temperature to a
substance at a lower temperature and does not flow
spontaneously in the reverse direction.
QH = W + Q C
If we solve for W and use the equation of efficiency,
we find:
= 1 - QC /QH
So how efficient can you make an engine? A scientist
named Sadi Carnot found that the maximum efficiency
engine has:
QC /QH = TC /TH