Professional Documents
Culture Documents
E Column Biaxial PDF
E Column Biaxial PDF
1. Occurrence. Will be presented in any situations where beams frame into column at
right angles, or bridge pier, etc.
2. Criteria for determining nominal strength are the same as for columns in uniaxial
bending (from material standpoint). Problem is complicated by the fact that the
neutral axis of the bending is no longer parallel to a major axis. Optimum column
dimensions are not likely to be equal if projected eccentricities vary.
Figure 1. Interaction surface for compression plus biaxial bending: (a) uniaxial bending about
Y- axis; (b) uniaxial bending about X-axis; (c) biaxial bending about diagonal axis; and (d)
interaction surface.
1
2
Current Methods of Analysis
Bresler, B. Design Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Columns Under Axial Load and Biaxial
Loading. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 57, No. 5, November 1960, pp.481-
490.
Bresler based his analysis on an assumption of a number of possible Failure Surfcace in three
dimensions.
Failure Surface 1 - Failure point defined as a function of axial load and eccentricities.
Bresler reasoned:
1. The failure surface is too complicated to exactly define.
2. An acceptable approximation could be defined by a plane which passes through three
points which could be found by conventional (uniaxial bending) analysis.
3
Reciprocal Load Mehtod
Breslers reciprocal load equation derived from the geometry of the approximate plane:
1 1 1 1
= +
pn pnx 0 pny 0 p0
where
ACI strength reduction factors do not change the development in any fundamental way as long
as the factor is constant for all columns.
1 1 1 1
= +
pn pnx 0 pny 0 p0
Note that:
It is necessary to use the uniaxial curves without the horizontal cutoff in obtaining values
for the above equation.
0.8 p0 Tied Columns
pn
0.85 p0 Spiral Columns
4
Load Contour Method
The load contour method is based on representing the failure surface of the Figure 1 give above
by a family of curves corresponding to constant value of pn . The general form of these curves
can be approximated by a non-dimensional interaction equation:
2
M nx
1
M ny
+ = 1.0
M nx 0 M ny 0
where:
M nx = Pn ey
M nx 0 = M nx when M ny = 0
M ny = Pn ex
M ny 0 = M ny when M nx = 0
This equation gives the surface of design strength. The parameter alpha is
1.15 < < 1.55 for square and rectangular columns where is tabulated for specific
Strength
Geometry
Material strength
5
Design Example for Biaxial Bending
ex = 6" 15
ey = 3" f c = 4 ksi
2.5
Ast = 8 in 2 f y = 60 ksi
Pu = 275 kips
12
2.5
About Y-axis
15
= = 0.75
16
As 8
t = = = 0.033 Use Graph A.7
bh 240
e 6
= = 0.30
h 20
About X-axis
7
= = 0.58 say 0.6
12
6
7
= = 0.58
12
As 8
t = = = 0.033 Use Graph A.6
bh 240
e 3
= = 0.25
h 12
7
Using load contour method Solution
About Y-axis
Pu = Pn = 275 kips
Pn 275 Use Graph A.7
= = 1.15
Ag 240
M nx 0
= 0.62
Ag h
M nx 0 = 0.62 240 20 = 2980 in kips
About X-axis
Pu = Pn = 275 kips
Pn 275 Use Graph A.6
= = 1.15
Ag 240
M nx 0
= 0.53
Ag h
M nx 0 = 0.53 240 12 = 1530 in kips
2
M nx
1
M ny
+ = 1.0
M
nx 0 M
ny 0
1.15 1.15
825 1650
+ = 0.491 + 0.507 = 0.998 < 1.000 This column is adequate.
1530 2980
8
Design Example
Problem: Select a tied column cross-section to resist factored loads and moments of Pu = 420
kips, Mux = 70 ft-kips, and Muy = 80 ft-kips. Use 8#8 bars in each face and No. 3 ties.
f c = 4 ksi
f y = 60 ksi
Solution:
Ag = 132 in 2
Select:
b = h = 11.45 use b = h = 12 in
Try a 12 inch by 12 inch column, use 1.5 inch cover, No. 3 ties, and assume No. 8 bars:
M ux 70 12
= = 0.486 Pux
Ag h 144 12
A = 2.4 Pux = 2.4 144 = 345.6 kips
g
t = 0.044 Graph A.6
= 0.60 P0 = 4.15 P = 4.15 144 = 517.6 kips
Ag 0
9
M uy 80 12
= = 0.555 Puy
Ag h 144 12 = 1.75 Pux = 1.75 144 = 252 kips
A
g
t = 0.044 Graph A.5
= 0.60 P0 = 4.15 P = 4.15 144 = 517.6 kips
Ag 0
pn = 195 kips < Pu = 420 kips ---- This column is not adequate.
Try a 14 inch by 14 inch column, use 1.5 inch cover, No. 3 ties, and assume No. 8 bars:
M ux 70 12
= = 0.3 Pux
Ag h 14 14 14
A = 2.9
g
t = 0.032 Fig A.7
P
= 0.75 0
= 3.6 = 0.66
Ag
Pux
= 2.84 Pux = 2.84 14 14 = 557 kips
M ux 70 12 Ag
= = 0.3 Pux
Ag h 14 14 14
A = 2.8 P0 = 3.6 P = 3.6 14 14 = 713.4 kips
g ux
t = 0.032 Fig A.6 Ag
= 0.60 P0 = 3.6
Ag
10
M uy 80 12
= = 0.35 Pux
Ag h 14 14 14 A = 2.75
g
t = 0.032 Fig A.7
= 0.75 P0 = 3.6
Ag = 0.66
Pux
= 2.69 Pux = 2.69 14 14 = 528 kips
M uy 80 12 Ag
= = 0.35 Pux
Ag h 14 14 14 A = 2.65 P0 = 3.6 P = 3.6 14 14 = 713.4 kips
g ux
t = 0.032 Fig A.6 Ag
= 0.60 P0 = 3.6
Ag
11