, , 2005, . 92, .

15-29

BIBLID: 0353-4537, (2005), 92, p 15-29

UDK: 630*114+462:116

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PARAMETERS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF INTER-

NAL EROSION PROCESSES IN SILTY-SANDY SOILS
Abstract:The study was aimed at defining the conditions of the occurrence of inter-
nal erosion in silty-sandy soils. The susceptibility of this soil to internal erosion de-
pends on the porosity, particle-size composition and hydro-geo-mechanical param-
eters. Internal erosion stability was analysed by the introduction of the coefficient of
particle composition as the critical particle-size condition, which is in fact the coef-
ficient of internal erosion (Kue). Based on the study results, mathematical models
and the functional correlation between water regime and resistant characteristics of
silty-sandy soils, we defined the parameters of the occurrence of initial internal ero-
sion and analysed the effects of the practical application of the study results.
Keywords:silty sands, soil physics, hydro-geo-mechanical parameters, mathemati-
cal modelling, geostatistics, parameters of internal erosion process

, , ,

15


1.

. :
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, ,
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.

(w[%]) (d) ( ,
2005).
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-
( ), ( ),
a
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-- .
:
, - ,
, ( , , 1997).
, - .

2.

2.1.

-
22 , , 8m.
,
.

16


1.

Figure 1. The study silty-sandy soil

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2.2.

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.

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17


--
.

, , ,
(Kue).
.
-
-
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.

(w [%]).
. ,
-
- ,
(Jue Jt). Jue
( ) Jt
.
- , .. - ( , ,
1963).
. . (1977).
,
: , , ,
, ,
.

,
,
.
, ,
, (Kue).

.
:
Kue = T ,
G

d 85 d
T = , G = 50 , d - 15% -
d 15 d 25 15
, d25 - 25% ,
d50 - 50% d85-
85% .

18


(
, 2000):
 Kue=1,0 ( ) - ,

;
 Kue=2,0-5,0 - ,


Jue Jt;
 5,0>Kue<10,0 - ;
 e 10,0>Kue<200,0 -
. ,
.
Kue=1,0 .
.

.
,
,
.
.

2.3.

2.3.1.
, 22
. 310
, .
, .
-.1. 010.
.

2.3.2.
-
, .
-.1.012.
w=4-12,6%.

,
.

19


2.3.3.
22
-.1.018.
, , .
(SF), ,
.
- : 2-10%, 47-
72%, 12-37%, 8-25%, 3-18%,
0-1% ( ).
je 5,7-36,0. ,
-
, -
. -
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, :
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.

2.3.4.
,
(CL),
28-32. , ,
.
10% ,
.
: 28-32%, 12-18%,
10-20 0,6-1,3.
5-20%.
, -.1.020.
,
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-
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2.3.5.
-
- .
- ,
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20


, .
30-40%,
0,35-0,5.

2.3.6.

- .
, ,
, -.1.016.
, , ,
, ().
=18,0-
19,2kNm3, , d=16,3-16,8kNm3,
s=26,6-27,0kNm3. ,
, , .

2.3.7.


. , ,
-
: ,
.

-.1.034.
9,6106-1,6104cms1,
1,0104cms1,
.

2.3.8.
.
,
.
, , -
.1.029. , ,
-
: c=2,3-5,4kNm2 =15-25.
-
, .

21


2. ,

Figure2.Intergranular porosity of silty-san-
dy soil

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3.

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- 22
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1.
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()

22


. , Jue
, Jt .

( ),
- .

1.
Table 1. Experimental values of the characteristics of soil resistance
w c w c w c

% kNm2 % kNm2 % kNm2
1 5,0 24 3,2 9 5,4 23 3,9 17 14,4 17 5,4
2 3,8 25 2,6 10 7,9 22 4,2 18 12,6 17 5,0
3 7,0 22 4,0 11 6,0 22 3,7 19 15,5 16 4,3
4 8,6 20 4,6 12 6,4 21 5,1 20 18,4 16 4,0
5 11,2 18 5,2 13 7,4 20 4,3 21 25,0 15 2,3
6 22,0 15 2,7 14 10,6 19 4,7 22 19,2 15 3,2
7 6,2 24 3,3 15 12,6 18 5,4
8 6,7 23 4,4 16 10,0 18 5,0
: w - , - c -

22 .
,

. --
.
, , 2.
:

( ) -;

Kue
( ), -
.

3.1.
, ,
, 1,

23


.

, R=f(w) cR=f(w).
R=f(w) ,
6..
3. ,

:
R=39,97,4w+1,4w20,2w3+9,7103w43104w5+3,5106w6,
: R=0,974, R2=0,95, F=46,24 Se=0,026.
cR=f(w)
3.
. 4. 3.
, :
cR=1,34+1,3w0,081w2+1,4103w3,
: R=0,912, R2=0,831, F=29,594 Se=0,088.


, . -

=24,
=15 w=24%.
c=5,1kNm2 w=11,3%,
c=2,1kNm2 w=25%.
, ,
- , w=4% ,
.
,
w<9%.

3.2. Kue -

a , ,
, 2,
a
.

(Kue) -
, JueR=f(Kue), JtR=f(Kue), VueR=f(Kue) VtR=f(Kue).

24
 2. e -
Table2.Experimental values of internal erosion parameters in silty-sandy soil
. / Clay . / Silt / Sand .
Kf Vue Vt
<0,002 0,002-0,06 0,06-0,2 0,2-0,6 0,6-2,0 2,0-6,0 Kue Iue It
% % % % % % cms1 mdan1 mdan1
1 5 70 12 18 / / 11,27 6,03105 1,65 0,086 3,25 0,169
2 / 65 22 18 / / 9,18 5,62105 2,2 0,107 4,2 0,204
4
3 / 47 22 16 14 1 15,0 1,9610 1,15 0,195 2,49 0,422
4 6 52 19 15 8 / 20,63 1,37105 0,80 0,009 1,80 0,021
4
5 / 50 23 22 / / 11,24 1,2110 1,75 0,183 3,18 0,332
6 2 60 18 13 7 / 16,27 5,62105 1,0 0,049 2,2 0,107
4
7 / 66 24 10 / / 8,19 1,010 2,6 0,225 4,6 0,397
8 7 63 14 8 8 / 23,15 9,61106 0,75 0,006 1,75 0,014
9 / 56 23 16 5 / 10,41 1,0104 1,75 0,151 3,50 0,302
4
10 / 58 33 9 / / 5,44 1,6910 4,55 0,664 6,95 1,015
11 5 50 15 14 12 4 34,15 1,60105 0,6 0,008 1,50 0,021
5
12 / 50 19 13 18 / 23,33 7,9210 0,70 0,048 1,65 0,113
13 / 65 19 13 3 / 11,67 4,36105 1,55 0,058 3,15 0,119
5
14 10 50 15 14 11 / 37,20 1,4410 0,55 0,007 1,49 0,018
5
15 3 72 16 9 / / 12,35 9,010 1,35 0,010 2,87 0,233
16 / 64 13 10 13 / 27,69 3,14105 0,65 0,018 1,59 0,043
5
17 / 57 20 14 9 / 15,03 7,5710 1,25 0,082 2,25 0,147
18 / 50 25 25 / / 10,0 7,57105 2,05 0,134 3,70 0,242
4
19 2 50 37 11 / / 6,98 1,3810 3,15 0,376 5,40 0,645
20 / 60 30 10 / / 6,98 1,68104 3,25 0,471 5,55 0,804
5
21 / 69 21 10 / / 8,46 7,5710 2,5 0,163 4,35 0,284

25
22 / 48 22 16 14 / 13,57 5,52105 1,30 0,062 2,65 0,126


3. =f(w) 4. cR=f(w)
Figure3. =f(w) Figure4. cR=f(w)

,
6. .
5. 6. , JueR=f(Kue),
:
JueR=12,62,3Kue+0,2Kue25103Kue3+3105Kue4+2106Kue5
3108Kue6,
: R=0,997, R2=0,995, F=536,14 Se=0,003.
JtR=f(Kue)
6.
. 6.
6. JtR=f(Kue) :
JtR=15,82,3Kue+0,15Kue24103Kue3+9106Kue4+2106Kue52108Kue6,
: R=0,998, R2=0,997, F=1222,7 Se=0,002.

.
(Kue)

5. JueR=f(Kue) 6. JtR=f(Kue)
Figure5. JueR=f(Kue) Figure6.JueR=f(Kue)

26


7. VueR=f(Kue) 8. VtR=f(Kue)
Figure7.VueR=f(Kue) Figure8.VtR=f(Kue)

.
,
. a 7.
VueR=f(Kue) :
VueR=29,57Kue2,35,
: R=0,864, R 2=0,747, F=58,952 S =0,136.
e
VtR=f(Kue)
, a ,
(8).
:
VtR=36,73Kue2,12,
: R=0,898, R 2=0,807, F=83,67 S =0,102.
e


.
. -
Kue=10
Jue=1,9 Vue=22 mdan1,
,
Kue=35 Jue=0,6 Vue=0,25mdan1.
Jt=3,9
Vt=75mdan1, Kue=10,
Kue=35 Jt=1,6
Vt=0,04mdan1 .

4.

27


, ,

c=f(w) =f(w)
Jue=f(Kue) Jt=f(Kue).

.

.

.
( ),
, ,
.
()

. o
,
.
: ,
(Jue) (Jt)
- .

. (1977):
, , -
,
. (1994): -
, ,
,
. (2000): ,
,
,
. (2005): ,
3, , (117-129)
.., .. (1963):
, ,
To d o r o v i T., G a j i G. (1996): Application of the method of erosion-control soil engineering
in the study of the mechanism of landslides and sanation of terrain, First European
Conference and Trade Exposition on Erosion Control, Barcelona
To d o r o v i T., G a j i G. (1997): Applications geotevhnical approach to structures on macr-opo-
rous loess soil, APCOM 97 - Symposium on computers applications and operations
research in the mineral industries, 2nd Regional, Moscow state Mining University,
Moscow

28


Grozdana Gaji

PARAMETERS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF INTERNAL EROSION PROCESSES

IN SILTY-SANDY SOILS

Summary
As the intensity of internal erosion depends on water hydrodynamic forces (as agent), and
the total soil resistance to erosion (as the subject of erosion), it can be concluded that the occurrence
of internal erosion process is conditioned by these parameters. As the soils with intergranular poros-
ity differ in structure, filtration and resistance characteristics from loess, we studied the occurrence
of internal erosion process in silty-sandy soils. Along with the study of the soil physical-mechani-
cal and filtration properties, we analysed also the particle size conditions of the composition of the
skeleton and infilling, as the parameters of the occurrence of internal erosion. The mechanism of
internal erosion is conditioned by different factors which affect the changes of stress notation, physi-
cal-mechanical characteristics and water regime of the eroded soil. The degree and the form of in-
ternal erosion in silty-sandy soils depend on the changes of the above parameters. The parameters
of internal process are the soil resistance characteristics and the gradients of ground water filtration.
The criteria of the parameters of erosion processes in silty-sandy soil should be searched in the func-
tional dependence of the natural moisture and the parameters of resistance to shearing and in the
functional dependence of the internal erosion coefficient and the gradients of ground water filtration.
The interaction of the data from the functional dependence result in the criterion of the occurrence of
internal erosion process in silty-sandy soils. Resistance characteristics (angle of internal friction and
cohesion) have lower values in conditions of higher moisture and waterlogging, i.e. the drop from
the top to the residual hardness by about two times.
The experimental results of initial internal erosion and soil flow are brought into functional
correlation with the internal erosion coefficient with a high degree of correlation. The increased
value of the internal erosion coefficient requires the lower gradients and the lower velocities for the
occurrence of the filtration which initiates the failure of the structure and the occurrence of internal
erosion processes.
The established correlation of the resistance characteristics and moisture, as well as the cor-
relation of hydraulic gradients (Jue) and (Jt) and the internal erosion coefficients enable the rational
research of internal erosion in silty-sandy soils.

29