CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY
1.1. BACKGROUND
As we know that in Islamic religion there are 5 pillars of Islam, one of which is
fasting. Because fasting is the fourth pillar of Islam, then fasting is something that
is required by the Islamic religion. But in fact many Muslims are also not
performing these obligations. It happens because they do not know the benefits
and wisdom of fasting itself. The obligation to fast is a command from Allah
SWT mentioned in QS.Al-Baqarah verse 183.
Therefore we as Muslims who are obedient on the command of God must perform
the obligation to fast. We will be able to practice patience and restrain our lust if
we perform the fast. And the wisdom of fasting is overwhelming and there is no
harm to us.

1.2. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is fasting?
2. What is the legal requirement for fasting?
3. What are the pillars of fasting?
4. What is breaking the fast?
5. What are Sunnah when fasting?
6. What are some kinds of fasting?
7. What are the wisdom and benefits of fasting?
1.3. AIM
1. To know the understanding of fasting.
2. To know the legal requirements of fasting.
3. To know what are the pillars of fasting.
4. To find out what can break the fast.
5. To know the sunnah when fasting.
6. To know the various kinds of fasting.
7. To know the wisdom and benefits of fasting.
 CHAPTER II
CONTENTS

1. DEFINITION OF FASTING
Language understanding: restrain.
The term definition: refrain from canceling things. Fasting from dawn to sunset
accompanied by intent.

2. TERMS OF FAST SAH

A. Be Muslim
B. Sensible
C. Baligh
D. Sacred from menstruation and childbirth (especially for women)
E. Living (not traveling far)
F. Able (not being sick)

3. WASTE RUNUN
A. Intention
The intention of fasting is the existence of a desire in the heart to run the fast
solely hopes the pleasure of Allah swt, for carrying out his command. All fasting,
without any intention then can not be said as fasting.
When do we intend to fast?
For fasting is mandatory, then we must intend before dawn, as stated by
Rasulullah: Whoever does not intend to fast since the tomb, then he does not have
fasting (H.R. an-Nasa'i)
Meanwhile, to fast the sunnah, we are allowed to intend after the dawn, provided
that we have not done the deeds that break the fast, such as eating, drinking,
husband and wife, and others. This is based on the Hadith of 'A'ishah r.a: "One
day, the Messenger of Allah came into the house, then said,' do you have food? 'I
said,' No '. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said, "Then I fast" (H.R.
An-Nasa'i)
B. Imsak
We are too familiar with the word imsak, especially when the month of Ramadan.
Many people understand Imsak as the time before dawn (dawn) where a fasting
Muslim will stop eating the meal. Whereas the meaning of imsak is not that
narrow. Imsak ie refrain from things that break the fast like eating, drinking, and
others. Thus, when fasting begins not when the siren or iman announcement is
voiced, it begins at dawn. About why sirine and timetable are needed so we be
careful and get ready as soon (about 5 minutes more) dawn will arrive.

4. THINGS CAN CANCEL THE FAST

A. Eat and drink intentionally. When eating and drinking because of forgetting or
coercion then it does not break the fast.
B. Vomiting intentionally. If the vomiting is not accidental then it does not break
the fast.
C. Intend to break the fast. One time intend to break the fast even if the fasting is
not held, the fasting is canceled.
D. Experiencing menstruation or puerperium.
E. Get out of semen as it hugs or kisses your wife / husband or masturbates.
F. Intercourse.
G. Missing sense.
H. Changed intent

5. SUNNAH WHEN PLAYING

A. Hasten the breaking
From Annas r.a., he said: "Messenger of Allah. Break before the prayer
(maghrib) with dates, if no dates he drank some water gulp. "(H.R. Abu Dawud)

B. Pre-dawn meal
Although suppose we are strong fast without starting with meal, but because eat
meal has been exemplified by Rasulullah, we should not underestimate / leave
meal meal.
The Messenger of Allah said:
"Eat your meal, for indeed in the meal there is a blessing." (H.R. Bukhari)
C. Brushing your teeth in the morning.
The Messenger of Allah said:
"If you fast, put it in the morning and do not have it by the afternoon" (H.R. at-
Thabrani)
D. Reading and Mengkhatamkan Al-Qur'an
Reading al-Qur'an should be used, especially when we fast the sunnah or even in
the month of Ramadan, where the Qur'an was revealed this month.
Allah says:
Meaning:
The month of Ramadan, the month in which the Qur'an begins to guide man and
the explanations of the guidance and the distinction (between right and the fool).
Therefore, whosoever of you is present (in the land of his residence) that month,
then he should fast that month, and whosoever is sick or in the journey (then he
breaks), (fast he must fast), as much as the day he left , On other days. Allah wills
ease for you, and does not want trouble for you. And let your numbers be
sufficient, and let God glorify His guidance given to you, that you may give
thanks. (Q.S. al-Baqarah [2]: 185)

E. Praying Lail
Tarawih prayer is part of the prayer lail, the prayer that the time of execution ba'da
shalat isya until before dawn. There are some people consider that tarawih prayer
is obligatory, but the law is sunnah, as other prayers lail, like witr, and tahajut.
Even so, the sunnah of tarawih prayer and other lail prayers is sunnah muakaddah,
including the practice rarely left by Rasulullah saw.

F. Increase prayer
The one who fasts when breaking fast is one of the people whose prayer is
mustajab. Therefore multiply pray while fasting even more when breaking fast.
Pray for the good of ourselves, our families, our nation, and our fellow Muslims
in this part of the world.

G. To break the fast (tafthir shaim)

Should try to always give ifthar (breaking) for those who fast although only a sip
of water or a date as the word of the Prophet said:
"Whoever gives ifthar (to break fast) those who fast, for him the reward is like a
person who fasted without minus one". (H.R. Bukhari Muslim)
H. Increase Alms
 Rasulullah Saw. Berabda, which means: "The good of alms is alms in the
month of Ramadan" (Narrated Tirmizi)
I. I'tikaf
I'tikaf is silent in the mosque to worship God. Rasulullah Saw. Always
beri'tikaf especially on the last ten nights and his wives also joined I'tikaf with
him. And should those who carry out I'tikaf reproduce zikr, istigfar, reciting the
Qur'an, praying, sunnah prayer and others.
J. Umroh
Ramadan is the best time to perform Umrah, because Umrah in Ramadan has a
reward like the reward of Hajj and even the reward of Hajj with the Prophet. He
said: "Umrah in the month of Ramadan like a pilgrim with me."

H. Increase Charity Goodness

In the hadith narrated by Ibn Khuzaimah and Baihaqi it is said that the
practice of sunnah in Ramadhan is worth as the obligatory practice and the
obligatory practice is worth 70 obligatory practices outside of Ramadan.
Therefore, seize every opportunity to do the slightest kindness even if only 'just'
smile in front of others.
6. TYPES OF FASTING
1. Fasting is mandatory
A. Ramadan fasting
Ramadan fast is the obligatory fast that is done for every Muslim in the month of
Ramadan for a whole month.
Allah SWT says:
Meaning:
"O you who believe, are required of you to fast as prescribed before the people
before you are pious. (Q.S. Al-Baqarah [2]: 183)
Ramadan fasting is also included in the pillars of Islam, as mentioned in the
hadith of the Prophet narrated by Ibn Umar r.a:
"Established the religion of Islam on the five grounds of witnessing that there is
no sacrifice but Allah and the Prophet Muhammada is the messenger of Allah,
establishing the five daily prayers, issuing zakat, fasting month of Ramadan and
performing Hajj to the Baitullah for those who are able to walk" (H.R. Bukhari
and Muslim).
Therefore, it is not perfect of a person's religion if he has not done the fasting of
Ramadan sincerely solely to seek the pleasure of Allah swt.
The fasting month of Ramadan:
Ramadan is the glorious month, the month of forgiveness, the month in which the
Qur'an is revealed, the moon which has so many virtues. Here are some of the
virtues of Ramadan that are not available in other months:
1) Whoever fasts a whole month in Ramadan, then he will be forgiven his sins and
return to being a fitri (sacred) man.
2) Released from the torment of hell fire.
3) Satan is shackled, the doors of heaven opened and the doors of hell are sealed
shut.
4) In the month of Ramadan there is Lailah Al-Qadar which is better than a
thousand months. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: "Whoever
wrongs the night of Ramadan by faith and wishes the reward (from Allah), then
forgiven his past sins" (H.R. Muttafaq 'Alaih)
B. Fasting Nadzar
Nadzar means language of promise. Nadzar fasting is fasting caused by someone's
promise to fast. For example, Rudi promised that if he will go to 9th grade he will
fast for 3 consecutive days, so if Rudi really go to class he must do fasting 3 days
in a row that he promised it.
C. Fasting Kafarat
Kafarat comes from the kafaras' basic word which means to cover something.
Fasting the expiation in terms of means is fasting to replace the penalty that must
be fulfilled due to an act of sin, which aims to close the sin so that no more
influence of sin that is done, both in the world and in the hereafter.
2. Fasting Sunnah
A. Fasting six days in the month of Shawwal.
Whether done in sequence or not.
The Messenger of Allah said, which means: The virtue of fasting Romadhon
accompanied by fasting Shawwal is like a person who fasts for a year (HR
Muslim).
B. Fasting the first ten days of the month of Dhu al-Hijjah
What is meant is fasting in the first nine days of this month, excluding the 10th
day. Because day 10 is a feast of sacrifice and is forbidden to fast.
C. The fast of the day of'Arafah
That is fasting on the ninth day of the month of Dzuhijjah. Its virtue, will be
blotted out last year's sins and sins in the coming year (Muslim). What is meant by
sin here is especially for small sins, because the great sin can only be removed by
repenting.
D. Fast Muharrom
That is fasting in Muharram month especially on Assyuro 'day. The virtue of this
fast, as mentioned in Bukhari's hadith, is the fasting month of this month is the
most important fasting after the fast of Romadhon.
E. Fasting Assyuro '
Hari Assyuro 'is the 10th day of the month of Muharram. The Prophet shalallahu
'alaihi wassalam ordered his people to fast on Assyuro' day and accompanied him
fasting 1 day before or after. It aims to exclude Jews and Christians who only fast
on the 10th day. Priority: will be removed (small) sins in the previous year (HR
Muslim).
F. Fasting Sha'ban.
What is meant by fasting Sha'ban is to multiply fasting in Sha'ban month. Virtue:
This month is the month in which all the charities are appointed to the Rabb of the
Worlds (HR An-Nasa'i & Abu Daud, hasan).
G. Fasting Monday and Thursday.
The Prophet had told his people to fast on Mondays and Thursdays. Monday is the
birthday of Prophet Muhammad while Thursday is the day that the verse of the
Qur'an for the first time is revealed. About Monday and Thursday, Rasulullah also
has said:
"Amal deeds are checked on every Monday and Thursday, so I am happy to be
examined the deeds of my deeds, while I am fasting. (HR Tirmidhi)
H. Fasting the Middle of the Moon (three days each month of Qamariyah).
Disunnahkan to do it on white days (Ayyaamul Bidh) that is dated 13, 14, and 15
every month qamariyah.
I. Dawood Fast
How to do the fasting of the Prophet Dawud is a day of fasting a day is not
fasting, or alternating. Fasting of the Prophet Dawud is the fast most beloved by
Allah SWT. (Narrated by Bukhari-Muslim).
3. Fasting Makruh
When is the law fasting makruh? Fasting that makruh done is fasting on Friday
and Saturday that does not mean mengqadha 'Ramadan, pay nadzar or kafarat, or
not intended for certain sunnah fasting. So someone who fasts on Friday or
Saturday with the intention of mengqadha 'fasting Ramadan does not include fast
makruh. Suppose the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah fell on Saturday then fasting on Saturday
at that time became sunnah fasting instead of makruh. There are other opinions
that are even harder to declare that fasting on Fridays is considered unlawful if
done without preceding the day before or after.
4. The Fasting of the Haram
There are fasts at certain times that the law is forbidden to do, either because of
the time or because of the condition pelakukanya.
A. Eid Al-Fitr
Date 1 Syawwal has been designated as the sacred feast of Muslims. It is a day of
triumph that should be celebrated with joy. Therefore the Shari'a has stipulated
that in that day it is not permissible for one to fast until the haram. Although
nothing can be eaten, at least have to break the fast or do not intend to fast.
B. Eid Al-Fitr Mubarak
The same is also on the 10th of Zulhijjah as the second Day for Muslims. The day
is forbidden to fast and Muslims are to be sacrificed to slaughter the Qurban
animals and distribute them to the poor and family and relatives. So that all can
share the joy of eating the animal qurban and celebrate the big day.
C. Tasyrik Day
Tasyrik day is the 11th, 12th and 13th of the month of Zulhijjah. In the three days
that Muslims are still in the atmosphere of the celebration of Eid al-Adha so it is
still forbidden to fast. In three days it is still permitted to slaughter the animals
qurban as worship which is disunnahkan since the time of the prophet Ibrahim.
D. Fasting year-round / forever
Forbidden for someone to fast every day. Although he was able to do it because
his body is strong. But such a fast shar'i is prohibited by Islam. For those who
want a lot of fasting, Rasulullah SAW suggested to fast like fasting Prophet David
as a day of fasting and a day breaking.

7. HIKMAH AND BENEFIT FUN

Fasting Hikmah:
A. Cultivate the values of equality as the servant of God, because both give
hunger and thirst and other provisions.
B. Grow a sense of perikemanusian and like members, and care for people who
can not afford.
C. Strengthen the attitude of courage in the face of temptation and temptation,
because in fasting must leave the temptation that can break the fast.
D. Growing the attitude of trust (trustworthy), karna can know whether someone
to fast or not just himself.
E. Growing a friendly attitude and avoiding arguments during fasting a person is
not allowed to fight each other.
F. Growing an honest and disciplined attitude.
G. Educate the soul in order to master yourself from the lust, so easy to run good
and leave the ugliness.
H. Increasing gratitude for God's blessings and grace.
I. Maintaining physical health.

FASTING BENEFITS:
1.Residered in terms of Religion or Religion
We fast as proof of our love and obedience to God the Creator because fasting is
His command.
As He says:
Meaning:
"O ye who believe, are required of you fasting as prescribed before the people
before you to be cautious" (Al-Baqarah: 183).
So obviously fasting is a worship that must be done by people who believe
(Islam). The goal is also clear to get the degree of piety in the sight of Allah.
2.View from the social aspect
Fasting can foster sympathy and empathy for others who have been lacking. Also
as evidence of equality in the sight of God.
People who are affluent, who have been eating 3-4 times a day can feel the pain of
some people who are less able to eat only 1-2 times a day and sometimes do not
eat. So hopefully will arise feelings and desires to help the less able. God also
does not distinguish the fast of the rich and the poor. In the face of Allah the legal
requirement of fasting is the same.
3.Preview from the personal aspect
From the psychological aspect
Fasting is an exercise for us to be able to withstand the ugly appetites that arise
from within us. The most powerful passions that exist in the self
By fasting, the production of oxygen-free radicals can be reduced to 90% and
increase antioxidant production by up to 12%. When we fast, we indirectly reduce
the entry of food and substances that are not needed by the body including toxins.
At the time of fasting too, the intestines are not fully filled, so it can cause
absorption of nutrients including toxins are not optimal. This can lead to a small
risk of disease. Even if toxins are absorbed with food, then the Heart as an organ
that neutralizes toxins can work well because of the little poison.
In conditions of not fasting, with excessive food, the production of toxins and
toxins are absorbed very much. So the heart can not neutralize the poison entirely.
Toxins that can not be neutralized by the liver will be carried by the blood flow to
the organs. This is what can cause disease.
 CHAPTER III
COVER
CONCLUSION
Fasting is one of the pillars of Islam, therefore it is obligatory for us to carry out
fasting with sincerity without coercion and expect rewards from others. If we fast
with the intention to get rewards or praise from others, then our fasting is
meaningless. The point is that we only get hunger and thirst and do not get the
reward of what we have done. This fasting of the law is obligatory for all Muslims
as it has been obliged to the people before us.
Fast in accordance with the provisions made by Allah Almighty. God has given us
many conveniences to work this fast, so if we fast in accordance with the
provisions we have mentioned above, we ourselves will feel the beauty of fasting
and the many benefits we receive from fasting.
Therefore, do not occasionally leave the fast, because this fast has many values of
worship. Starting from step, sleep and whatever the work of the fasting man is
worship.
SUGGESTION
We from the compiler invite the reader to execute the command of Allah
SWT.dan away from any restrictions. And fasting with a sincere heart so that our
fast-fasting charity is accepted by Allah SWT.
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 TUGAS BAHASA INGGIS
"FASTING AND HIKMAHNYA PRICED FROM VARIOUS ASPECTS"

ARRANGED BY :
MIRAWATI
CLASS : X IPS 3

MAN I KUNINGAN