Informative Speech: Full Sentence Outline

Internet Censorship

Introduction:

I. Hook: Think about the number one place we all go to for help? Well get back to that.

II. Thesis: Today I am going to inform you about internet censorship around the world, the different forms of internet censorship,
and who controls the internet.

III. Preview:
1. Internet censorship around the world
2. Different forms of internet censorship used
3. Who controls the Internet

Transition: First, internet censorship around the world.

Body

I. Internet censorship has become a common practice throughout the world.

A. According to the Freedom House website last accessed July 8, 2017, 3.4 billion people live in a country rated not
free.
i. Only 13 percent of the worlds population enjoys a free press that is, where coverage of political news is
robust, the safety of a journalists is guaranteed, state intrusion in media affairs is minimal, and the press is not
subject to onerous legal or economic pressure. (Dunham, 2016)
1. Basically, less than 14 percent of the worlds population is not being censored.
ii. According to the previously cited Freedom House website, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Burundi, Ecuador, Egypt,
France, Ghana, Israel, Macedonia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
and Zimbabwe are all inclining sense 2015 on the internet censorship spectrum.
B. Some countries like to be censored by the government because they feel safer.
i. According to the Washington Post website last accessed July 8, 2017 Sixty percent of Russians believe that
Internet censorship in particular, the banning of certain websites and material is necessary, according to a
new poll.
1. The Russian public feels safer with the control of the internet in the hands of the government,
because that is all that they have ever known in their lives. (Taylor, 2016)
ii. As authors Chadwick, and Howard described in their 2010 book Routledge handbook of internet politics,
The motivations for these practices range widely, from concerns over national security, cultural sensitivity,
and protection of social values
1. Internet censorship would be good to protect people.
C. Every country has practiced some form of internet censorship.
i. The United States uses internet censorship in government funded companies.
ii. While other countries use it to remain in control.
Transition: Computing professors John-Paul Verkamp, and Minaxi Gupta Explains in the Indian University Review in 2012 that
Modes of censorship vary widely, ranging from complete disconnection, to selective censorship of Web pages, to censorship of
search engines and online social networks (OSNs)such as Facebook and Twitter.

II. There are different forms of internet censorship, some are deemed reasonably, while others not so much, depending on
who you ask.
A. Censorship can be used to protect people.
i. According to the How stuff works with Tech website last accessed July 8, 2017, Many parents purchase
software and hardware web filtering programs like Net Nanny or CYBER sitter to block undesirable websites.
1. Many parents block gambling, hate speech, chat rooms, and pornographic websites. (Strickland,
2008)
ii. Schools do the same to prevent students from looking at illegal or inappropriate things.
 1. With accordance of the FCC website last accessed July 9, 2017, Schools and libraries subject to the
Child Internet Protection Act may receive the discounts offered by the E-rate program unless they
certify that they have an internet safety policy that includes technology protection measures.
iii. Corporations that restrict employee internet access usually do it to increase productivity. (Strickland, 2008)
B. Some countries do it to remain in power.
i. According to How Stuff Works with Tech, Some countries go well beyond restricting access. The Myanmar
Government allegedly keeps internet cafes under surveillance with computers that automatically take
screenshots every few minutes. China has an advanced filtering system known internationally as the Great
Firewall of China.
1. Many governments around the world use internet censorship to block other countries laws, and ways
of life
ii. Cuba has banned private internet access completely, to get on the internet, you must go to a public access
point. (Strickland, 2008)
C. There are many ways that governments block internet access.
i. Laws like the Child Internet Protection Act persuades the school or library, without force.
ii. Web filters are the commonly used censorship, using keyword blockers and blacklists. (Strickland, 2008)
1. IP blocking, DNS filtering, URL filtering, Packet Filtering are all web based filters. (Strickland, 2008)
iii. Firewalls are used in extreme cases.
1. Complete blocking of Domain name Servers. (Strickland, 2008)
2. Complete blocking of certain Routers, or networks. (Verkamp, 2012)

Transition: Now that we have discussed Internet censorship and the different forms practiced its time to discuss who controls the
internet.

III. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers controls the internet.
A. Origins of the Internet.
i. IEEE Magazine in 2004 explains, In its early history, before 1995, the Internet primarily served a worldwide
research community. The infrastructure that seeded the internet was funded by the US government agencies
(DARPA and the National Science Foundation).
1. Widespread developments of LANS, PCs and workstations in the 1980s allowed the internet to
flourish. (Leiner, 1997)
ii. The internet away from DARPA.
1. The NSF ended its funding for the US internet backbone, implementing a strategic plan to transition
from US-government to commercial funding and long-term sustainability of the internet. (Brownlee,
2004)
2. Time Bemers-Lee developed the basic protocols underlying the web and publicly released them and
the accompanying software for free. (Brownlee, 2004)
3. Shortly thereafter, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) released, also free
for noncommercial use, the Mosaic browser to support a more appealing graphical interface to Web
content - In response, the Internet community quickly grew to many millions of users. (Brownlee,
2004)
B. Internet explosion in the early 2000s.
i. In the early 2000s, the dot-com bubble burst and Internet growth eased. With less money to invest in
hardware, some providers became noticeably interested in understanding how their networks behaved
knowledge that could let them optimize physical resources, such as routers, switches, and leased lines.
(Brownlee, 2004)
ii. Ever-growing user community, the internet just keeps growing. (Brownlee, 2004)
1. Hardware make internet easier to use the growth of phones and laptops.
2. While mostly software enables us to connect to the internet User interfaces.

C. The transition of power from The United States Department of Defense to Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers.
i. ICANN was created by the Department of Commerce in 1998 and was given a government contract to manage
the Internet. (Baral, 2016)
1. The contract ended in on October 1, 2016. (Atallah, 2016)
ii. According to the ICANN website last accessed July 9, 2017, This historic moment marks the transition of the
coordination and management of the Internets unique identifiers to the private-sector, a process that has
been committed to and underway since 1998.
 1. Movement towards a private and civic sector, rather than government controlled.
iii. No big changes in the internet just the ownership/power of it to change rules and laws.

Transition to close: With all of that being said

Conclusion:

I. Summarize main points/thesis: Today we discussed internet censorship around the world, the different forms of internet
censorship used, and who controls the internet.

II. Bookend: Now I want you all to think back about the question I asked you at the beginning. Most of you probably thought
about your families or friends, but the answer was in fact the internet.

III. End the speech memorably: Internet censorship is a growing concern, many countries are against it, and some in favor of it.
This issue is of high importance because it effects everyone. Everyone uses the internet in their daily lives. Now its up to
you guys to decide how you feel about internet censorship.

References:

Atallah, A. (2016, October 1). Stewardship of IANA Function Transitions to Global Internet Community as Contract with U.S.
Government Ends. Retrieved July 08, 2017 from https://www.icann.org
Baral, S. (2016, October 04). Who Controls The Internet? US Government Hands Over Control To ICANN. Retrieved July 08,
2017, from http://www.ibtimes.com/who-controls-internet-us-government-hands-over-control-icann-2425491
Brownlee, N., & Claffy, K. (2004). Internet Computing. IEEE, 8(5).
Chadwick, A., & Howard, P. N. (2010). Routledge handbook of internet politics. London: Routledge.
Dunham, J. (2016). Freedom of the Press 2016. Retrieved July 08, 2017. From https://freedomhouse.org
FCCs Children's Internet Protection Act. (2016, October 25). Retrieved July 08, 2017, from
https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/childrens-internet-protection-act
Leiner, B. M., Cerf, V. G., Clark, D. D., Khan, R. E., Kleinrock, L., Lynch, D. C., . . . Wolff, S. (1997). Internet Society. Retrieved
July 08, 2017, from http://www.internetsociety.org/internet/what-internet/history-internet/brief-history-
internet#Origins
Strickland, j. (2008, February 05). How Internet Censorship Works. Retrieved July 08, 2017, from
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-censorship1.htm
Taylor, A. (2016, November 18). 60 percent of Russians think Internet censorship is necessary, poll finds. Retrieved July 08,
2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/11/18/60-percent-of-russians-think-
internet-censorship-is-necessary-poll-finds/?utm_term=.f596fb794cd3
Verkamp, J.P, & Grupta, M. (2012). Inferring Mechanics of Web Censorship Around the World. School of informatics and
computing, Indiana University. Retrieved July 8, 2017, from https://www.usenix.org