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BoeingAH64Apache
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheBoeingAH64ApacheisanAmericanfourblade,twin
turboshaftattackhelicopterwithatailwheeltypelandinggear AH64Apache
arrangementandatandemcockpitforatwomancrew.It
featuresanosemountedsensorsuitefortargetacquisitionand
nightvisionsystems.Itisarmedwitha30mm(1.18in)M230
chainguncarriedbetweenthemainlandinggear,underthe
aircraft'sforwardfuselage.Ithasfourhardpointsmountedon
stubwingpylons,typicallycarryingamixtureofAGM114
HellfiremissilesandHydra70rocketpods.TheAH64hasa
largeamountofsystemsredundancytoimprovecombat
survivability.

TheApacheoriginallystartedastheModel77developedby
HughesHelicoptersfortheUnitedStatesArmy'sAdvanced
AttackHelicopterprogramtoreplacetheAH1Cobra.The AnAH64ApachefromtheU.S.Army's101st
prototypeYAH64wasfirstflownon30September1975.The AviationRegimentinIraq
U.S.ArmyselectedtheYAH64overtheBellYAH63in1976,
andlaterapprovedfullproductionin1982.Afterpurchasing Role Attackhelicopter
HughesHelicoptersin1984,McDonnellDouglascontinued Nationalorigin UnitedStates
AH64productionanddevelopment.Thehelicopterwas Manufacturer HughesHelicopters(197584)
introducedtoU.S.ArmyserviceinApril1986.Thefirst
McDonnellDouglas(198497)
productionAH64DApacheLongbow,anupgradedApache
BoeingDefense,Space&Security
variant,wasdeliveredtotheArmyinMarch1997.Production
hasbeencontinuedbyBoeingDefense,Space&Securityover (1997present)

2,000AH64shavebeenproducedtodate.[3] Firstflight 30September1975[1]

Introduction April1986[2]
TheU.S.ArmyistheprimaryoperatoroftheAH64ithas
alsobecometheprimaryattackhelicopterofmultiplenations, Status Inservice
includingGreece,Japan,Israel,theNetherlands,Singapore, Primaryusers UnitedStatesArmy
andtheUnitedArabEmiratesaswellasbeingproducedunder
IsraeliAirForce
licenseintheUnitedKingdomastheAgustaWestlandApache.
EgyptianAirForce
AmericanAH64shaveservedinconflictsinPanama,the
PersianGulf,Kosovo,Afghanistan,andIraq.Israelusedthe RoyalNetherlandsAirForce
ApacheinitsmilitaryconflictsinLebanonandtheGazaStrip Produced 1983present
BritishandDutchApacheshaveseendeploymentsinwarsin Numberbuilt 2,000asofMarch2013[3]
AfghanistanandIraq.
Unitcost AH64A:US$20M (2007)
AH64D:US$65M (2010)[4]
Contents AH64E:US$35.5M (FY2014)[5]
Variants AgustaWestlandApache
1 Development
1.1 AdvancedAttackHelicopter
1.2 Intoproduction
2 Design
2.1 Overview
2.2 Avionicsandtargeting
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2.3 Armamentsandconfigurations
3 Operationalhistory
3.1 UnitedStatesArmy
3.1.1 Earlyservice
3.1.2 GulfWarandBalkans
3.1.3 AfghanistanandIraq
3.1.4 Recentservice
3.2 Israel
3.3 UnitedKingdom
3.4 Netherlands
3.5 SaudiArabia
3.6 Egypt
3.7 Otherusers
3.8 Futureandpossibleusers
3.8.1 India
3.8.2 Others
4 Variants
4.1 AH64A
4.2 AH64B
4.3 AH64C
4.4 AH64D
4.5 AH64E
4.6 AH64F
4.7 SeaApache
4.8 ExportApaches
4.9 Blockmodification
5 Operators
6 Specifications(AH64A/D)
7 Notableappearancesinmedia
8 Seealso
9 References
10 Externallinks

Development
AdvancedAttackHelicopter

FollowingthecancellationoftheAH56Cheyennein1972,infavorofprojectsliketheU.S.AirForceA10
ThunderboltIIandtheMarineCorpsHarrier,theUnitedStatesArmysoughtanaircrafttofillanantiarmorattack
rolethatwouldstillbeunderArmycommand[6][7]the1948KeyWestAgreementforbadetheArmyfromowning
combatfixedwingaircraft.TheArmywantedanaircraftbetterthantheAH1Cobrainfirepower,performance
andrange.Itwouldhavethemaneuverabilityforterrainfollowingnapoftheearth(NoE)flying.[8]Tothisend,
theU.S.ArmyissuedaRequestForProposals(RFP)foranAdvancedAttackHelicopter(AAH)on15November
1972.[9][10]Asasignoftheimportanceofthisproject,inSeptember1973theArmydesignateditsfivemost
importantprojectsasthe"BigFive",withtheAAHincluded.[11]

ProposalsweresubmittedbyBell,BoeingVertol/Grummanteam,Hughes,Lockheed,andSikorsky.InJuly1973,
theU.S.DepartmentofDefenseselectedfinalistsBellandHughesAircraft'sToolcoAircraftDivision(later
HughesHelicopters).Thisbeganthephase1ofthecompetition.[12]Eachcompanybuiltprototypehelicoptersand
wentthroughaflighttestprogram.Hughes'Model77/YAH64Aprototypefirstflewon30September1975,while
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Bell'sModel409/YAH63Aprototypefirst
flewon1October1975.Afterevaluatingthe
testresults,theArmyselectedHughes'YAH
64AoverBell'sYAH63Ain1976.Reasons
forselectingtheYAH64Aincludeditsmore
damagetolerantfourblademainrotorandthe
instabilityoftheYAH63'stricyclelanding AnearlyHughesYAH64A
prototypewithTtail
geararrangement.[13][14] AYAH64Aprototypein1982

TheAH64Athenenteredphase2oftheAAH
programunderwhichthreepreproductionAH64swouldbebuilt,additionally,thetwoYAH64Aflight
prototypesandthegroundtestunitwereupgradedtothesamestandard.[13]Weaponsandsensorsystemswere
integratedandtestedduringthistime,includingthelaserguidedAGM114Hellfiremissile.[15]Developmentof
theHellfiremissilehadbegunin1974,originallyknownbythenameofHelicopterLaunched,FireandForget
Missile('Hellfire'beingashortenedacronym),[16]forthepurposeofarminghelicopterplatformswithaneffective
antitankmissile.[17][18]

Intoproduction

In1981,threepreproductionAH64AswerehandedovertotheU.S.ArmyforOperationalTestII.TheArmy
testingwassuccessful,butafterwarditwasdecidedtoupgradetothemorepowerfulT700GE701versionof
engine,ratedat1,690shp(1,260kW).TheAH64wasnamedtheApacheinlate1981,keepingwiththeArmy's
traditionaluseofAmericanIndiantribalnamesforitshelicoptersanditwasapprovedforfullscaleproductionin
1982.[19]In1983,thefirstproductionhelicopterwasrolledoutatHughesHelicopter'sfacilityatMesa,Arizona.
HughesHelicopterswaspurchasedbyMcDonnellDouglasfor$470millionin1984.[20]Thehelicopterunitlater
becamepartofTheBoeingCompanywiththemergerofBoeingandMcDonnellDouglasinAugust1997.[21]In
1986,theincrementalorflyawaycostfortheAH64Awas$7Mandtheaverageunitcostwasapproximately
$13.9Mbasedontotalcosts.[20]

Duringthe1980s,McDonnellDouglasstudiedanAH64B,featuringan
updatedcockpit,newfirecontrolsystemandotherupgrades.In1988,
fundingwasapprovedforamultistageupgradeprogramtoimprovesensor
andweaponsystems.[22]Technologicaladvanceledtotheprogram's
cancellationinfavorofmoreambitiouschanges.InAugust1990,
developmentoftheAH64DApacheLongbowwasapprovedbythe
DefenseAcquisitionBoard.ThefirstAH64Dprototypeflewon15April
1992,[23]prototypetestingendedinApril1995.Duringtesting,sixAH
AYAH64Ain1984 64DhelicopterswerepittedagainstanumericallysuperiorgroupofAH
64AhelicopterstheresultsdemonstratedtheAH64Dtohaveaseven
timesincreaseinsurvivabilityandfourtimesincreaseinlethalitycomparedtotheAH64A.[24][25][26]On13
October1995,fullscaleproductionwasapproved[27]a$1.9billionfiveyearcontractwassignedinAugust1996
torebuild232AH64AstoAH64Dstandard.[28]On17March1997,thefirstproductionAH64Dfirstflew,itwas
deliveredon31March.[29]

PortionsoftheApacheareproducedbyvariousaerospacefirms.AgustaWestlandhasproducednumberof
componentsfortheApache,bothfortheinternationalmarketandfortheBritishArmy'sAgustaWestland
Apache.[30]Since2004,KoreaAerospaceIndustrieshasbeenthesolemanufactureroftheApache's

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fuselage.[31][32][33]FuselageproductionhadpreviouslybeenperformedbyTeledyneRyanAeronauticalthe
transferoffuselageproductionledtoaprolongedlegaldisputebetweenTeledyneRyanandBoeing.[34]

TheAH64Dprogramcostatotalof$11bnthrough2007.[35]InApril2006,Boeingwasawardeda$67.6Mfixed
pricecontractfortheremanufactureofseveralexistingU.S.AH64AstotheAH64DconfigurationbetweenMay
2009andJuly2011,afurtherfivecontractswereissuedtoremanufacturebatchesofAH64AstotheupgradedD
variant.[36]Since2008,nationsoperatingtheolderAH64Ahavebeenurgedtoundertakemodernizationprograms
tobecomeAH64Ds,asBoeingandtheU.S.ArmyplanstoterminatesupportfortheAvariantsinthenear
future.[37]

Design
Overview

TheAH64Apachehasafourblade
mainrotorandafourbladetail Apache
Engineversion Enginepower
[41] version
rotor. Thecrewsitsintandem,with
thepilotsittingbehindandabovethe AH64A GeneralElectricT700701 1,696shp(1,265kW)[19]
copilot/gunner.[42]Bothcrewmembers AH64A+/D GeneralElectricT700701C 1,890shp(1,410kW)[38]
arecapableofflyingtheaircraftand
performingmethodsofweapon
AH64E GeneralElectricT700701D 1,994shp(1,487kW)[39]
engagementsindependently.[43]The WAH64D RollsRoyceTurbomecaRTM322 2,100shp(1,600kW)[40]
AH64ispoweredbytwoGeneral
ElectricT700turboshaftengineswithhighmountedexhaustsoneithersideofthefuselage.[44][45]Variousmodels
ofengineshavebeenusedontheApachethoseinBritishserviceuseenginesfromRollsRoyce.In2004,General
ElectricAviationbeganproducingmorepowerfulT700GE701Dengines,ratedat2,000shp(1,500kW)forAH
64Ds.[46]

Thecrewcompartmenthasshieldingbetweenthecockpits,suchthatatleastonecrewmembercansurvivehits.
Thecompartmentandtherotorbladesaredesignedtosustainahitfrom23mm(0.91in)rounds.Theairframe
includessome2,500lb(1,100kg)ofprotectionandhasaselfsealingfuelsystemtoprotectagainstballistic
projectiles.[47]TheaircraftwasdesignedtomeetthecrashworthinessrequirementsofMILSTD1290,[48]which
specifiesminimumrequirementforcrashimpactenergyattenuationtominimizecrewinjuriesandfatalities.This
wasachievedthroughincorporationofincreasedstructuralstrength,crashworthylandinggear,seatsandfuel
system.

Onastandarddaywheretemperaturesare59F(15C),theAH64hasaverticalrateofclimbof1,775feetper
minute(541m/min),andaserviceceilingof21,000feet(6,400m).[49]However,onahotdaywheretemperatures
are70F(21C),itsverticalrateofclimbisreducedto1,595fpm(486m/min),andserviceceilingisreducedto
19,400feet(5,900m)duetolessdenseair.[50]

Avionicsandtargeting

OneoftherevolutionaryfeaturesoftheApachewasitshelmetmounteddisplay,theIntegratedHelmetand
DisplaySightingSystem(IHADSS)[51][52]amongitscapabilities,eitherthepilotorgunnercanslavethe
helicopter's30mmautomaticM230ChainGuntotheirhelmet,makingtheguntrackheadmovementstopoint

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wheretheylook.TheM230E1canbealternativelyfixedtoalockedforwardfiringposition,orcontrolledviathe
TargetAcquisitionandDesignationSystem(TADS).[53][54]OnmoremodernAH64s,theTADS/PNVShasbeen
replacedbyLockheedMartin'sArrowhead(MTADS)targetingsystem.[55]

U.S.ArmyengagementtrainingisperformedundertheAerialWeapons
ScoringSystemIntegrationwithLongbowApacheTacticalEngagement
SimulationSystem(AWSSLBATESS),usinglive30mmandrocket
ammunitionaswellassimulatedHellfiremissiles.TheSmartOnboard
DataInterfaceModule(SMODIM)transmitsApachedatatoanAWSS
groundstationforgunneryevaluation.[56]TheAH64'sstandardof
performanceforaerialgunneryistoachieveatleast1hitforevery30shots
firedatawheeledvehicleatarangeof8001,200m(8701,310yd).[57][58]
AH64Apacheinflight
TheAH64wasdesignedtoperforminfrontlineenvironments,andto
operateatnightordayandduringadverseweatherconditions.[59]Various
sensorsandonboardavionicsallowstheApachetoperformintheseconditionssuchsystemsincludetheTarget
AcquisitionandDesignationSystem,PilotNightVisionSystem(TADS/PNVS),passiveinfrared
countermeasures,[60]GPS,andtheIHADSS.[53][59]LongbowequippedApachescanlocateupto256targets
simultaneouslywithin50km(31mi).[61]InAugust2012,24U.S.ArmyAH64DswereequippedwiththeGround
FireAcquisitionSystem(GFAS),whichdetectsandtargetsgroundbasedweaponsfiresourcesinalllight
conditionsandwitha120Visualfield.TheGFASconsistsoftwosensorpodsworkingwiththeAH64'sother
sensors,andathermographiccamerathatpreciselylocatesmuzzleflashes.[62]

In2014,itwasannouncedthatnewtargetingandsurveillancesensorswereunderdevelopmenttoprovidehigh
resolutioncolorimagerytocrews,replacingolderlowdefinitionblackandwhiteimagingsystems.[63]Lockheed
receivedthefirstcontractinJanuary2016,upgradingtheArrowheadturrettoprovidehigherresolutioncolor
imagingwithlongerrangesandawiderfieldofview.[64]In2014,theU.S.ArmywasadaptingitsApachesfor
increasedmaritimeperformanceaspartofthePentagon'srebalancetothePacific.Additionalavionicsandsensor
improvementsincludesanextendedrangeradarcapableofdetectingsmallshipsinlittoralenvironments,software
adaptionstohandlemaritimetargets,andaddingLink16datalinksforbettercommunicationswithfriendly
assets.[65]

Armamentsandconfigurations

TheAH64isadaptable
tonumerousdifferent 30mm Maximum Rateofclimb Endurance
Mission[41] Hellfire Hydra70
roleswithinitscontextas rounds speed(knots) (feet/min) (hours)
CloseCombatAttack AntiArmor 16 1,200 0 148 990 2.5
[41]
(CCA). Inadditionto CoveringForce 8 1,200 38 150 860 2.5
the30mmM230E1
ChainGun,theApache Escort 0 1,200 76 153 800 2.5
carriesarangeof
externalstoresandweaponsonitsstubwingpylons,typicallyamixtureofAGM114Hellfireantitankmissiles,
andHydra70generalpurposeunguided70mm(2.756in)rockets.[66]One18aircraftApachebattalionequipped
withHellfiremissilesiscapableofdestroying288tanks.[61]Since2005,theHellfiremissileissometimesoutfitted
withathermobaricwarheaddesignatedAGM114N,itisintendedforuseagainstgroundforcesandurbanwarfare

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operations.[67]Theuseofthermobaric"enhancedblast"weapons,suchastheAGM114N,hasbeenapointof
controversy.[68]InOctober2015,theU.S.ArmyordereditsfirstbatchofAdvancedPrecisionKillWeaponSystem
(APKWS)guided70mmrocketsfortheApache.[69]

Startinginthe1980s,theStingerandAIM9SidewinderairtoairmissilesandtheAGM122Sidearmanti
radiationmissilewereevaluatedforuseupontheAH64.[70][71]TheStingerwasinitiallyselectedtheU.S.Army
wasalsoconsideringtheStarstreakairtoairmissile.[70][72]Externalfueltankscanalsobecarriedonthestub
wingstoincreaserangeandmissiontime.[41]Thestubwingpylonshavemountingpointsformaintenanceaccess
thesemountingscanbeusedtosecureexternallypersonnelforemergencytransportation.[73]Stingermissilesare
oftenusedonnonU.S.Apaches,asforeignforcesdonothaveasmanyairsuperiorityaircrafttocontrolthe
skies.[74]TheAH64EinitiallylackedtheabilitytousetheStingertomakeroomforselfdefenseequipment,but
thecapabilitywasreaddedfollowingaSouthKoreandemand.[75]

TheAH64EApachehastheabilitytocontrolunmannedaerialvehicles(UAVs),usedbytheU.S.Armyto
performaerialscoutingmissionspreviouslyperformedbytheOH58Kiowa.Apachescanrequesttotakecontrol
ofanRQ7ShadoworMQ1CGreyEaglefromgroundcontrolstationstosafelyscoutviadatalink
communications.TherearefourlevelsofUAVinteroperability(LOI):LOI1indirectlyreceivespayloaddataLOI
2receivespayloaddatathroughdirectcommunicationLOI3deploystheUAV'sarmamentsandLOI4takesover
flightcontrol.UAVscansearchforenemiesand,ifequippedwithalaserdesignator,targetthemfortheApacheor
otherfriendlyaircraft.[76][77]

BoeinghassuggestedthattheAH64couldbefittedwithadirectedenergyweapon.Thecompanyhasdevelopeda
smalllaserweapon,initiallydesignedtoengagesmallUAVs,thatusesahighresolutiontelescopetodirecta2
10kWbeamwiththediameterofapennyouttoarangeof5.4nmi(10.0km6.2mi).OntheApache,thelaser
couldbeusedtodestroyenemycommunicationsorradioequipment.[78]

On14July2016itwasreportedthattheAH64hadsuccessfullycompletedtestingoftheMBDABrimstoneanti
armormissile.[79]

Operationalhistory
UnitedStatesArmy

Earlyservice

TheU.S.ArmyformallyaccepteditsfirstproductionAH64AinJanuary1984andtrainingofthefirstpilots
beganlaterthatyear.[80][81]ThefirstoperationalApacheunit,7thBattalion,17thCavalryBrigade,begantraining
ontheAH64AinApril1986atFortHood,Texas.[82][83]Twooperationalunitswith68AH64sfirstdeployedto
EuropeinSeptember1987andtookpartinlargemilitaryexercisesthere.[82][84]

UponfieldingtheApache,capabilitiessuchasusingtheFLIRforextensivenightoperationsmadeitclearthatit
wascapableofoperatingbeyondtheforwardlineofowntroops(FLOT)towhichpreviousattackhelicopterswere
normallyrestricted.[85]ItwasdiscoveredthattheApachewascoincidentallyfittedwiththeHaveQuickUHFradio
systemusedbytheU.S.AirForce,allowinginterservicecoordinationandjointoperationssuchasthejointair
attackteams(JAAT).TheApachehaveoperatedextensivelywithcloseairsupport(CAS)aircraft,suchasthe
USAF'sFairchildRepublicA10ThunderboltIIandtheUSMC'sMcDonnellDouglasAV8BHarrierII,often
actingasatargetdesignatortoconservetheApache'sownmunitions.[86]TheApachewasfirstusedincombatin

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1989,duringOperationJustCause,theinvasionofPanama.TheAH64participatedinover240hoursofcombat
attackingvarioustargets,mostlyatnight.[87][88]GeneralCarlStiner,thecommanderoftheoperation,commented
that:"YoucouldfirethatHellfiremissilethroughawindowfromfourmilesawayatnight".[89]

GulfWarandBalkans

AH64duringanextractionexercise
atCampBondsteel,Kosovoin2007
withasoldierontheavionicsbay.
NearlyhalfofallU.S.ApachesweredeployedtoSaudiArabiafollowing
Iraq'sinvasionofKuwait.[89]DuringOperationDesertStormon17January
1991,eightAH64AsguidedbyfourMH53PaveLowIIIsdestroyedpart
ofIraq'sradarnetworkintheoperation'sfirstattack,[90]allowingaircraftto
evadedetection.[91]TheApacheseachcarriedanasymmetricloadofHydra
70flechetterockets,Hellfires,andoneauxiliaryfueltank.[92]Duringthe
100hourgroundwaratotalof277AH64stookpart,destroying278tanks,
numerousarmoredpersonnelcarriersandotherIraqivehicles.[90][93]One
AH64waslostinthewar,toarocketpropelledgrenade(RPG)hitatclose
range,theApachecrashedbutthecrewsurvived.[94]

Whileeffectiveincombat,theAH64alsopresentedseriouslogistical
complications.Findingsreportedin1990stated"maintenanceunitscouldnotkeepupwiththeApache's
unexpectedlyhighworkload..."[95]Toprovidesparepartsforcombatoperations,theU.S.Armyunofficially
groundedallotherAH64sworldwideApachesinthetheaterflewonlyonefifthoftheplannedflighthours.[96]
TheseproblemswereevidentbeforetheGulfWar.[97]

TheAH64playedrolesintheBalkansduringseparateconflictsinBosniaandKosovointhe1990s.[98][99]During
TaskForceHawk,24ApachesweredeployedtoalandbaseinAlbaniain1999forcombatinKosovo.These
required26,000tonsofequipmenttobetransportedover550C17flights,atacostofUS$480million.[100]During
thesedeployments,theAH64encounteredsomeproblems,suchasdeficienciesintraining,nightvision
equipment,fueltanks,andsurvivability.[101][102]On27April1999,anApachecrashedduringtraininginAlbania
duetoafailurewiththetailrotor,[103]causingthefleetintheBalkanstobegroundedinDecember2000.[104]

In2000,MajorGeneralDickCody,101stAirborne'scommandingofficer,wroteastronglywordedmemotothe
ChiefofStaffabouttrainingandequipmentfailures.[105]Nopilotswerequalifiedtoflywithnightvisiongoggles,
preventingnighttimeoperations.[106]TheWashingtonPostprintedafrontpagearticleonthefailures,commenting:
"ThevauntedhelicopterscametosymboliseeverythingwrongwiththeArmyasitentersthe21stcentury:Its
inabilitytomovequickly,itsresistancetochange,itsobsessionwithcasualties,itspostColdWaridentity
crisis".[107]NoApachecombatmissionstookplaceinKosovoduetofearsofcasualties.[106]

AfghanistanandIraq

U.S.ApachesservedinOperationEnduringFreedominAfghanistanfrom2001.[108]TheApachewastheonly
ArmyplatformcapableofprovidingaccurateCASdutiesforOperationAnaconda,regularlytakingfireduringthe
intenseearlyfighting,theyweretypicallyrepairedquickly.[109]U.S.AH64DstypicallyflewinAfghanistanand
IraqwithouttheLongbowRadarintheabsenceofarmoredthreats.[110]On21December2009,apairofU.S.
ApachesattackedaBritishheldbaseinafriendlyfireincident,killingoneBritishsoldier.[111]In2006,Thomas
AdamsnotedthatApachesoftenfoughtinsmallteamswithlittleautonomytoreacttothreatsandopportunities,
requiringlengthydialoguewithcommandstructuresinanefforttocentrallymicromanageeachunit.[112]

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In2003,theAH64participatedintheinvasionofIraqduringOperation
IraqiFreedom.[113]On24March2003,31Apachesweredamaged,andone
shotdownandcaptured,inanunsuccessfulattackonanIraqiRepublican
GuardarmoredbrigadenearKarbala.[114]Iraqitankcrewshadsetupa
"flaktrap"amongterrainandeffectivelyemployedtheirguns.[115][116]Iraqi
officialsclaimedafarmerwithaBrnorifleshotdowntheApache,[117]but
thefarmerdeniedinvolvement.[118]Thehelicoptercamedownintactand
boththepilotandcopilotwerecaptured.[115]TheAH64Dwasdestroyed AH64DApacheflyingover
viaairstrikethefollowingday.[119][120] Baghdad,Iraqin2007,ona
reconnaissancemission
BytheendofU.S.militaryoperationsinIraqinDecember2011,several
Apachehelicoptershadbeenshotdownbyenemyfire,andotherslostin
accidents.In2006,anApachewasdownedbyaSovietmadeStrela2(SA7)inIraq,despitetheApachebeing
typicallyabletoavoidsuchmissiles.[121]In2007,fourApachehelicoptersweredestroyedonthegroundby
insurgentmortarfireusingwebpublishedgeotaggedphotographstakenbysoldiers.[122]SeveralAH64swerelost
toaccidentsinAfghanistanasof2012.[123][124][125][126]MostApachesthattookheavydamagewereableto
continuetheirmissionsandreturnsafely.[116]

Recentservice

Asof2011,theU.S.ArmyApachefleethadaccumulatedmorethan3
millionflighthourssincethefirstprototypeflewin1975.[127]ADODaudit
releasedinMay2011,foundthatBoeinghadsignificantlyoverchargedthe
U.S.Armyonmultipleoccasions,rangingfrom33.3percentto177,475
percentforroutinesparepartsinhelicoptersliketheApache.[128]

On21February2013,the1stBattalion(Attack),229thAviationRegiment
atJointBaseLewisMcChordbecamethefirstU.S.Armyunittofieldthe AH64ApacheengagingTaliban
AH64EApacheGuardianatotalof24AH64Ewerereceivedbymid insurgentsoverAfghanistan.
2013. [129]On27November2013,theAH64Eachievedinitialoperating
capability(IOC).[130]InMarch2014,the1st229thAttackReconnaissanceBattaliondeployed24AH64Esto
Afghanistaninthetype'firstcombatdeployment.[131]FromAprilthroughSeptember2014,AH64Eincombat
maintainedan88percentreadinessrate.[132]Theunit'sdeploymentendedinNovember2014,withtheAH64E
accumulating11,000flighthours,eachhelicopteraveraging66hourspermonth.TheAH64Eflies20mph
(32km/h)fasterthantheAH64D,cuttingresponsetimeby57percent,andhasbetterfuelefficiency,increasing
timeonstationfrom2.53hoursto33.5hoursTalibanforces,whichwerefamiliarwiththeAH64Dandbased
theirtacticsaccordingly,weresurprisedbytheAH64Earrivingandattackingsoonerandforlongerperiods.AH
64Esalsoworkedwithmediumandlargeunmannedaerialvehicles(UAVs)tofindtargetsandmaintainpositive
ID,conducting60percentoftheunit'sdirectfireengagementsinconjunctionwithUAVsGuardianpilotsoften
controlledUAVsandaccessedtheirvideofeedstousetheirgreateroperatingaltitudesandendurancetoseethe
battlespacefromstandoffranges.[133][134][135]

TheArmyisimplementingaplantomoveallApachesfromtheArmyReserveandNationalGuardtotheactive
ArmytoserveasscouthelicopterstoreplacetheOH58Kiowa.UsingtheAH64toscoutwouldbelessexpensive
thanKiowaupgradesorpurchasinganewscouthelicopter.AH64EscancontrolUAVsliketheMQ1CGrey
Eagletoperformaerialscoutingmissionsa2010studyfoundtheteamingofApachesandUAVswasthemost
costeffectivealternativetoanewhelicopterandwouldmeet80percentofreconnaissancerequirements,compared

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to20percentwithexistingOH58sand50percentwithupgradedOH58s.NationalGuardunits,whowouldlose
theirattackhelicopters,criticizedtheproposal.[136][137]InMarch2015,thefirstheavyattackreconnaissanceunit
wasformed,comprising24attackApaches,24reconnaissanceApaches,and12ShadowUAVs.[138]

InJuly2014,thePentagonannouncedthatApacheshadbeendispatchedtoBaghdadtoprotectembassypersonnel
fromIslamicStatemilitantattacks.On4October2014,ApachesbeganperformingmissionsinOperationInherent
ResolveagainstIslamicStategroundforces.[139]InOctober2014,U.S.ArmyAH64sandAirForcefighters
participatedinfourairstrikesonIslamicStateunitsnortheastofFallujah.[140]InJune2016,Apacheswereusedin
supportoftheIraqiArmy'sMosuloffensive[141]andprovidedsupportduringtheBattleofMosul,sometimes
flyingnightmissionssupportingIraqioperations.[142]

Israel

TheIsraeliAirForce(IAF)firstreceivedAH64Asin1990,[143]foratotalfleetof42.[144]Therewassome
controversyovertheAirForce'schoicetopurchaseApachesoverupgradingexistingAH1Cobraattack
helicopters.[145]In2000,Israelwasinterestedinacquiringupto48AH64Ds,butU.S.reluctancetosharethe
softwaresourcecodecomplicatedtheprospect.[144]InApril2005,BoeingdeliveredthefirstAH64Dtothe
IAF.[146]In2001,theU.S.governmentwasallegedlyinvestigatingmisuseoftheApacheandotherUSsupplied
militaryequipmentagainstPalestinianleadersandfacilities.[147]In2009,anarrangedsaleofsixAH64Dswas
reportedlyblockedbytheObamaAdministration,pendinginteragencyreview,overconcernsthehelicoptersmay
poseathreattocivilianPalestiniansinGaza.[148][149]InIAFservice,theAH64AwasnamedasthePeten
(Hebrew:,forCobra[N1]),whiletheAH64DwasnamedSaraph[143](,alsoas"Seraph",Hebrewfor
venomous/fierywingedserpent).[151]

IsraeliAirForceAH64D"Saraph"
duringanexercisewiththeHellenic
AirForcein2011
Duringthe1990s,IsraeliAH64AsfrequentlyattackedHezbollahoutposts
inLebanon.[152][153][154]On13April1996,duringOperationGrapesof
Wrath,anApachefiredtwoHellfiremissilesatanambulanceinLebanon,
killingsixcivilians.[155]DuringthealAqsaIntifadain2000,AH64swere
usedtokillseniorHamasfigures,suchasAhmedYassinandAdnanal
Ghoul.[156][157]On24May2001,aprivatelyownedLebaneseregistered
Cessna152flewintoIsraeliairspace,itwasinterceptedbytwoAH64sand
shotdownbyaHellfiremissile,killingthepilot.[158]On22March2004,an
IsraeliAH64usedaHellfiremissiletokillHamasleaderAhmedYassin,
alsokillinghistwobodyguardsandninebystanders.[159][160]IAFApaches
playedaprominentroleinthe2006LebanonWar,launchingstrikesinto
LebanontargetingHezbollahforces.[161][162]

TherehavealsobeenaccidentsinvolvingtheApachehelicopterinIsraeliservice.DuringtheLebanonWarin
2006,twoIAFAH64Ahelicopterscollided,killingonepilotandcriticallywoundingthree.[163]Inanother
incidentintheconflictanIAFAH64Dcrashedduetoamalfunctioninthemainrotor,killingthetwocrew.[164]In
late2007,theIsraeliAirForceputfurtherpurchasesanddeliveriesofAH64Dsonholdduringaninvestigation
upontheaircraft'sperformanceenvelope.[151]However,IsraeliofficialshavesincepraisedtheApacheforitsrole
inOperationCastLeadin2008,againstHamasinGaza.[165]Inrecentyears,IsraeliApacheshavebeenusedto
patroltheskiesoverGazastrikeoperationsagainstinsurgentsusingthesehelicoptershasbecomeafrequent
occurrence.[166][167][168]

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SincerecentordersofnewAH64Dshavebeenblocked,IsraelhaspursuedupgradestoitsAH64Afleet.[169][170]
InJune2010,IsraeldecidednottoupgradeallAH64AstoDconfiguration,duetofundingconstraintsandlackof
U.S.cooperation.[169][171]InDecember2010,theIAFwasexaminingtheadoptionofanewmissilesystemasa
cheaperandlightweightcomplementtotheHellfiremissile,eithertheAmericanHydra70ortheCanadian
CRV7.[172]In2013,IsraeliAH64Ashadbeenreceivingacomprehensiveupgradeoftheiravionicsandelectrical
systems.[173]TheAH64AsarebeingupgradedtotheAH64Aiconfiguration,whichisneartheAH64D
standard.[169]

UnitedKingdom

TheUKcurrentlyoperatesamodifiedversionoftheApacheLongbow
initiallycalledtheWestlandWAH64Apache,itisdesignatedtheApache
AH1bytheBritishArmy.Westlandbuilt67WAH64Apachesunder
licensefromBoeing,[174]followingacompetitionbetweentheEurocopter
TigerandtheApachefortheBritishArmy'snewAttackHelicopterin
1995.[175][176]ImportantdeviationsmadebyAgustaWestlandfromtheU.S.
ApachevariantsincludechangingtomorepowerfulRollsRoyce
engines,[177]andtheadditionofafoldingbladeassemblyforuseonnaval
UKArmyAirCorpsWestlandWAH
ships.[178] 64DApacheLongbowdisplaysata
UKairshow
On11July2016,theUKMinistryofDefenceconfirmeda$2.3billion
orderfor50AH64EstobebuiltinMesa,Arizona.Thepurchaseisviaa
ForeignMilitarySales(FMS)agreementwiththeUSgovernment.LeonardoHelicoptersintheUKistomaintain
thecurrentfleetofApachesuntil202324,withalongtermplanforLeonardoandotherUKcompaniesto"do
mostofthework"onthenewfleet.[179]Thedealincludesaninitialsupportcontractformaintenanceofthenew
helicopters,alongwithsparepartsandtrainingsimulatorsforUKpilots.ThefirstUKhelicoptersaredueoffthe
USproductionlineinearly2020andwillbeginenteringservicewiththeBritishArmyin2022."Tofurther
guaranteevalueformoney,systemsfromthecurrentApachefleet,suchastheModernisedTargetAcquisition&
DesignationSystem,andtheLongbowFireControlRadar,willbereusedandincorporatedintothenew
helicopterswherepossible."[180]ApprovalfortheremanufactureoffiftyoftheUK'sWAH64Mk1fleettoAH
64EApacheGuardianstandardhadbeengivenbytheDefenseSecurityCooperationAgencyinAugust2015.[181]
TheaircraftwillutilisetheGeneralElectricT700engineratherthantheTurbomecaRTM322fromthecurrent
fleetthefirstofftheshelfpurchaseofaGEenginebytheUKMOD.[182]

Netherlands

TheDutchgovernmentinitiallyshowedaninterestinacquiringApachehelicoptersinthelate1980s,whereit
statedthatitmaypurchaseasmanyas52.[183]Acompetitionheldin1994againsttheEurocopterTigerandthe
BellAH1SuperCobraledtotheRoyalNetherlandsAirForceordering30AH64DApachesin1995.[184][185][186]
Deliveriesbeganin1998[187]andendedin2002.[188][189]TheRNLAFApachesareequippedwiththeApache
ModularAircraftSurvivabilityEquipment(AMASE)selfprotectionsystemtocounterinfrared(IR)missile
threats.[190][191]

TheRNLAFApaches'firstdeploymentwasin2001toDjibouti,Africa.[192]Theywerealsodeployedalongside
U.S.AH64sinsupportofNATOpeacekeepingforcesinBosniaandHerzegovina.[193]In2004,sixDutchAH64s
weredeployedaspartoftheNetherlandscontributiontoMultinationalforceinIraqtosupporttheDutchground
forces.[194]TheApachesperformedclosecombatsupportanddisplayofforcemissions,alongwithproviding
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reconnaissanceinformationtogroundforces.InFebruary2006,theNetherlands
contributiontoNATOforcesinAfghanistanwasincreasedfrom600to1,400
troopsand6AH64sweresentinsupport.[195]

ShortlyafterApachesweredeployedto
HamidKarzaiInternationalAirport,aspart
oftheNetherlandscontributiontoISAF,on
10April2004apairofDutchApaches
cameunderlightgunfireclosetothe
Afghancapital.[196]On17December2007,
anRNLAFApacheflewintopowerlines
RoyalNetherlandsAirForce duringanightflyingexerciseinthe
AH64DattheFarnborough Netherlands,forcinganemergencylanding ARoyalNetherlandsAirForceAH
Airshow,2006 andcausingalengthyblackoutinthe 64DApache
region.[197]On17March2015aRNLAF
ApachecrashedduringatrainingmissioninMali.Bothpilotsdied.Theministryofdefenceopenedan
investigationintothecauseofthecrash.[198]

SaudiArabia

Followingthe1991GulfWar,duringwhichmanyU.S.ApachesoperatedfrombaseswithinSaudi
territory,[199][200]SaudiArabiapurchasedtwelveAH64AsfortheRoyalSaudiLandForce.[201][202]Ithasbeen
speculatedthattheSaudipurchasehadmotivatedIsraeltoalsoprocuretheApaches.[203]InAugust2006,theSaudi
ArabiangovernmentbegannegotiationsforApacheupgradesworthupto$400M,possiblyremanufacturingtheir
AH64AstotheAH64DLongbowconfiguration.[204]InSeptember2008,theU.S.Governmentapprovedthe
purchaseof12AH64DsrequestedbySaudiArabia.[205]InOctober2010,SaudiArabiarequestedafurther70
AH64Dsaspartofapossible,massivearmsdeal.[206][207]

InNovember2009,theRoyalSaudiLandForce,aspartofamilitaryeffortagainstinsurgentintrusionsofthe
kingdom'sborder,startedusingtheApacheinOperationScorchedEarththisalsoinvolvedlaunchingairstrikes
againstHouthirebelsoperatinginsideneighboringYemen.[208][209]InJanuary2010therebelsclaimedtohaveshot
downanApachethiswasdeniedbytheSaudimilitary.[210]InlateJanuary2010,theleaderoftheShiiterebels
announcedtheirwithdrawalfromSauditerritory,thisannouncementfollowedakeybattleon12Januarywhen
SaudiforcesreportedlytookcontrolofthebordervillageofAlJabiri.[211]

Egypt

In1995,theEgyptianAirForceplacedanorderfor36AH64Ahelicopters.[212]TheseApachesweredelivered
withmostoftheadvancedavionicsusedontheU.S.fleetatthattime,withtheexceptionoflocalizedradio
equipment.[213]In2000,BoeingannouncedanordertoremanufactureEgypt'sexistingApachefleettotheAH
64Dconfiguration.[214]Notably,theAH64DupgradedidnotincludetheprocurementoftheLongbowradar,the
supplyofwhichhadbeenrefusedbytheU.S.government.[215]Egyptrequestedafurther12AH64DBlockII
ApachesthroughaForeignMilitarySalein2009.[216][217]

InAugust2012,theEgyptianArmedForcesundertookalargescalemilitaryoperationtoregaincontrolofthe
SinaiPeninsulafromarmedmilitants.AircoverthroughouttheoperationwasprovidedbytheEgyptianAir
Force'sApachehelicoptersreportedlytheApachesdestroyedthreevehiclesandkilledatleast20militants.[218]Up

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tofiveEgyptianApachesweretemporarilystationedintheSinaifollowinganagreementbetweenEgyptand
Israel.[219]InSeptember2015,anEgyptianApacheattackedagroupofforeigntouristsintheWesternDesert,
killing12peopleandinjuring10,theyweremistakenforIslamistmilitants,theEgyptianInteriorMinistrystated
thatthegroupwereinarestrictedarea.[220]

Otherusers

TheUnitedArabEmiratespurchased30AH64Ahelicoptersin1991and
1994,[221]whichtheyarenowupgradingtoAH64Dspecification.[222]In
December2016,theU.S.StateDepartmentapprovedaproposedsaleof
another37AH64EhelicoptersandCongresswasnotifiedthisconsistof
28remanufacturedandninenewbuildhelicopters.[223]

In2005,Kuwaitpurchased16Longbowhelicopters.[224]

Greecereceived20AH64Asby1995another12AH64Dswereordered
inSeptember2003.[212][225] RepublicofSingaporeAirForceAH
64Donstaticdisplay,notetheswept
Singaporepurchased20AH64Dsaircraftintwobatchesbetween1999 wingtiponthemainrotorblades
and2001[226]duringOctober2010Apachetrainingwassuspended
followingtheforcedcrashlandingofanApache.[227]

Japanordered50AH64Ds,[212]whicharebeingbuiltunderlicensebyFujiHeavyIndustries,designated"AH
64DJP".ThefirsthelicopterwasdeliveredtotheJGSDFinearly2006.[228]

Taiwan(RepublicofChina)reachedanagreementwiththeU.S.topurchase30AH64Eswithweapons,and
associatedequipmentinJune2011.[229][230]On5November2013,Taiwanreceivedthefirst6AH64s.[231]On25
April2014,aTaiwaneseAH64Ecrashedintoathreestorybuildingduringatrainingflightinbadweather
conditions,thefirstairframelossofanAH64E.[232][233]Aninvestigationruledoutmechanicalfailureand
concludedhumanerrorasresponsible,thatthepilotsdescendedtoofastthroughcloudsatlowaltitudewithout
checkingflightpanelstomaintainadequateheighttheArmyrespondedbysteppingupsimulatortrainingfor
pilots.[234]InOctober2014,thefifthandfinalbatchofAH64EswasdeliveredtoTaiwan,completingthe
order.[235]

In2009,SouthKoreashowedinterestinacquiringApaches,[236][237]potentiallyrelatedtoU.S.planstowithdraw
manyofitsApachesfromthecountry.[238]On21September2012,theU.S.Congresswasnotifiedofthepossible
purchaseof36AH64DBlockIIIApaches,alongwithassociatedequipmentandarmament.[239]TheApache
competedagainsttheBellAH1ZViperandtheTAI/AgustaWestlandT129[240]inApril2013,SouthKorea
announcedthatitwouldpurchase36AH64Es.[241]ThefirstfourAH64EsweredeliveredinMay2016,[242]and
all36weredeployedinJanuary2017.[243]

Futureandpossibleusers

India

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In2008,theIndianAirForce(IAF)releasedatenderfor22attackhelicoptersthereweresixcontending
submissionsSikorsky'sUH60BlackHawk,theAH64D,Bell'sAH1SuperCobra,Eurocopter'sTiger,Mil's
Mi28andAgustaWestland'sA129Mangusta.[244]InOctober2008,BoeingandBellwithdrew.[245]In2009,the
competitionwasrestarted.[246][247]InDecember2010,Indiarequestedthepossiblesaleof22Apachesand
associatedequipment.[248]On5October2012,IAFChiefNAKBrowneconfirmedtheApache'sselection.[249]The
IAFsoughtcontrolofthe22proposedApachesforaircombatmissions,whiletheArmyAviationCorpsargued
thattheywouldbebetterusedinarmyoperations.[250]InApril2013,theIndianMinistryofDefence(MoD)
decidedthattheIAFwouldreceivethe22AH64s.[251]InMay2013,theIndianArmyrequested11AH64Es[252]
andhasarequirementfor39Apaches.[253]TheIndianMinistryofDefenceapprovedtheprocurementinAugust
2014,[254]asdidIndia'sCabinetCommitteeonSecurity(CCS)inSeptember2015.[255]On28September2015,a
contractwasformallysignedthefirsthelicopterisexpectedtobedeliveredtoIndiainthenextthreetofour
years.[256]

Others

On26August2013,theU.S.andIndonesiaformalizeda$500milliondealfor8AH64EApaches.[257]

Iraqrequestedthesaleof24AH64sinApril2013[258]InJanuary2014,asale,includingthehelicopters,
associatedparts,maintenance,andtraining,wasclearedbyCongress.[259][260]However,theproposalwasnot
acceptedbytheIraqigovernmentandexpiredinAugust2014.[261]

InJuly2012,Qatarrequestedthesaleof24AH64DApacheBlockIIIhelicopters,withassociatedequipment,
training,andsupport.[262]Thesalewasapprovedon27March2014.[263]

InJuly2016,theUKplacedanorderfor50AH64EsthroughtheUSForeignMilitarySales(FMS)programme
insteadofupgradingtheirWestlandbuiltWAH64s.[264]

Variants
AH64A

TheAH64Aistheoriginalproductionattackhelicopter.Thecrewsitin
tandeminanarmoredcompartment.ItispoweredbytwoGET700
turboshaftengines.TheAmodelwasequippedwiththe701engine
versionuntil1990whentheengineswereswitchedtothemorepowerful
701Cversion.[265]

U.S.ArmyAH64AsarebeingconvertedtoAH64Ds.Theservice'slast
AH64AwastakenoutofserviceinJuly2012beforeconversionat
Boeing'sfacilityinMesa,Arizona.[266]On25September2012,Boeing IAFAH64APeten
receiveda$136.8Mcontracttoremanufacturethelast16AH64Asintothe
AH64DBlockIIversionandthiswasforecasttobecompletedby
December2013.[267]

AH64B

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In1991,afterOperationDesertStorm,theAH64Bwasaproposedupgradeto254AH64As.Theupgradewould
haveincludednewrotorblades,aGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS),improvednavigationsystemsandnewradios.
Congressapproved$82MtobegintheApacheBupgrade.TheBprogramwascanceledin1992.[268]Theradio,
navigation,andGPSmodifications,werelaterinstalledonmostAmodelApachesthroughotherupgrades.

AH64C

AdditionalfundingfromCongressinlate1991resultedinaprogramtoupgradeAH64AstoanAH64B+version.
MorefundingchangedtheplantoupgradetoAH64C.TheCupgradewouldincludeallchangestobeincludedin
theLongbowexceptformastmountedradarandnewer700Cengineversions.However,theCdesignationwas
droppedafter1993.[269]WithAH64Asreceivingthenewerenginefrom1990,theonlydifferencebetweentheC
modelandtheradarequippedDmodelwastheradar,whichcouldbemovedfromoneaircrafttoanotherthusthe
decisionwasmadetosimplydesignatebothversions"AH64D".[269]

AH64D

TheAH64DApacheLongbowisequippedwithaglasscockpitand
advancedsensors,themostnoticeableofwhichbeingtheAN/APG78
Longbowmillimeterwavefirecontrolradar(FCR)targetacquisition
systemandtheRadarFrequencyInterferometer(RFI),housedinadome
locatedabovethemainrotor.[270][271]Theradome'sraisedpositionenables
targetdetectionwhilethehelicopterisbehindobstacles(e.g.terrain,trees
orbuildings).TheAN/APG78iscapableofsimultaneouslytrackingupto
128targetsandengagingupto16atonce,anattackcanbeinitiatedwithin
30seconds.[272][273]Aradiomodemintegratedwiththesensorsuiteallows IsraeliAH64D
datatobesharedwithgroundunitsandotherApachesallowingthemto
fireontargetsdetectedbyasinglehelicopter.[274]

TheaircraftispoweredbyapairofupratedT700GE701Cengines.Theforwardfuselagewasexpandedto
accommodatenewsystemstoimprovesurvivability,navigation,and'tacticalinternet'communicationscapabilities.
InFebruary2003,thefirstBlockIIApachewasdeliveredtotheU.S.Army,featuringdigitalcommunications
upgrades.TheJapaneseApacheAH64DJPvariantisbasedontheAH64D[143]itcanbeequippedwiththeAIM
92Stingerairtoairmissilesforselfdefense.[275][276]

AH64E

FormerlyknownasAH64DBlockIII,in2012,itwasredesignatedasAH
64EGuardiantorepresentitsincreasedcapabilities.[277][278][279]TheAH
64Efeaturesimproveddigitalconnectivity,theJointTacticalInformation
DistributionSystem,morepowerfulT700GE701Dengineswithupgraded
facegeartransmissiontoaccommodatemorepower,[280]capabilityto
controlunmannedaerialvehicle(UAVs),fullIFRcapability,andimproved
AH64EApacheGuardian
landinggear.[281][282]Newcompositerotorblades,whichsuccessfully
completedtestingin2004,increasecruisespeed,climbrate,andpayload
capacity.[283]DeliveriesbeganinNovember2011.[284]Fullrateproductionwasapprovedon24October2012,[285]
with634AH64DstobeupgradedtoAH64Estandardandproductionof56newbuildAH64Estostartin
2019/20.[286]Changesinproductionlots4through6shallincludeacognitivedecisionaidingsystemandnewself
diagnosticabilities.TheupdatedLongbowradarhasanoverseacapacity,potentiallyenablingnavalstrikesan
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AESAradarisunderconsideration.[287]TheEmodelistobefitformaritimeoperations.[288]TheArmyhas
expressedadesiretoaddextendedrangefueltankstotheAH64Etofurtherincreaserangeandendurance.[134]
AH64EsaretohavetheL3CommunicationsMUMTXdatalinkinstalledinplaceoftwopreviouscounterparts,
communicatingonC,D,L,andKufrequencybandstotransmitandreceivedataandvideowithallArmy
UAVs.[289]Lots5and6willbeequippedwithLink16datalinks.[290]

AH64F

In2014,BoeingconceptualizedanApacheupgradepriortotheintroductionoftheU.S.Army'santicipatedattack
versionoftheFutureVerticalLiftaircraft,forecasttoreplacetheApacheby2040.TheconceptualAH64Fwould
havegreaterspeedviaanew3,000shpturboshaftenginefromtheimprovedturbineengineprogram,retractable
landinggear,stubwingstooffloadliftfromthemainrotorduringcruise,andatailrotorthatcanarticulate90
degreestoprovideforwardthrust.[291]InOctober2016,theArmyrevealedtheywouldnotpursueanotherApache
upgradetofocusonfundingtheFVLtheArmywillcontinuebuyingtheApachethroughthe2020suntilBoeing's
productionlineendsin2026,thenFVLisslatedtocomeonlinein2030.[292]

SeaApache

Duringthe1980snavalversionsoftheAH64AfortheUnitedStates
MarineCorpsandNavywereexamined.[293][294]Multipleconceptswere
studiedwithalteredlandinggeararrangements,improvedavionicsand
weapons.[293]TheUSMCwasveryinterestedandconductedatwoweek
evaluationoftheApacheinSeptember1981,includingshipboardoperation
tests.

FundingforanavalversionwasnotprovidedtheMarineCorpscontinued
tousetheAH1.[295]TheCanadianForcesMaritimeCommandalso AU.S.ArmyAH64AApache
examinedanavalApache.[296]In2004,BritishArmyAgustaWestland aboardUSSNassauduringJoint
ApachesweredeployedupontheRoyalNavy'sHMSOcean,aLanding ShipboardWeaponsandOrdnance
PlatformHelicopter,forsuitabilitytestingtherewasU.S.interestinthe training
trials.[178]

Duringthe2011militaryinterventioninLibya,theBritishArmyextensivelyusedApachesfromHMSOcean.[297]
In2013,U.S.36thCombatAviationBrigadeAH64DsweretestedonavarietyofU.S.Navyships.[298]

ExportApaches

SeveralmodelshavebeenderivedfrombothAH64AandAH64Dforexport.TheBritishbuiltAgustaWestland
Apache(assembledfromkitspurchasedfromBoeing)isbasedontheAH64DBlockIwithseveraldifferent
systems,includingmorepowerfulengines,foldingrotorblades,andothermodificationsforoperationfromRoyal
Navyvessels.

Blockmodification

Whileamajorchangeindesignorrolewillcausethetypedesignatorsuffixtochange,forexamplefromAH64D
toAH64E,thehelicoptersarealsosubjecttoblockmodification.Blockmodificationisthecombiningof
equipmentchangesintoblocksofmodificationworkorders,themodificationsintheblock(sometimescalleda
blockpackage)arealldonetothehelicopteratthesametime.[299]
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Operators
Egypt

EgyptianAirForce(AH64D)[300]

Greece

HellenicArmy(AH64A/D)[300]

India
AHellenicArmyAH64A
IndianAirForce(AH64E:22onorder)[256]

Indonesia

IndonesianArmy(AH64E:8onorder)[300]

Israel

IsraeliAirForce(AH64A/D)[300]

Japan

JapanGroundSelfDefenseForce(AH64D)[300]

Kuwait

KuwaitAirForce(AH64D)[300]

Netherlands

RoyalNetherlandsAirForce(AH64D)[300]

Qatar AUSArmyskiequippedAH64
trainingFortWainwright,Alaska
QatarEmiriAirForce(AH64E:24onorder)[301]

SaudiArabia

RoyalSaudiLandForces(AH64A/D/E)[300]

Singapore

RepublicofSingaporeAirForce(AH64D)[300]

SouthKorea

RepublicofKoreaArmy(AH64E:36onorder)[300]

Taiwan

RepublicofChinaArmy(AH64E)[300]

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UnitedArabEmirates

UnitedArabEmiratesAirForce(AH64D)[300]

UnitedKingdom

SeealsoAgustaWestlandApache

UnitedStates
AFujiHeavyIndustrieslicensedbuilt
UnitedStatesArmy(AH64D/E)[300] ApachefortheJDSDF

Specifications(AH64A/D)
DatafromJane'sInformationGroup,[53][72]Bishop[302]

Generalcharacteristics
Crew:2(pilot,andcopilot/gunner)
Length:58.17ft(17.73m)(withbothrotors
turning)
Rotordiameter:48ft0in(14.63m)
Height:12.7ft(3.87m)
Discarea:1,809.5ft(168.11m)
Emptyweight:11,387lb(5,165kg)
Loadedweight:17,650lb(8,000kg)
Max.takeoffweight:23,000lb(10,433kg)
Fuselagelength:49ft5in(15.06m)
Rotorsystems:4blademainrotor,4bladetailrotorinnon
orthogonalalignment
Powerplant:2GeneralElectricT700GE701turboshafts,1,690
shp(1,260kW)[upgradedtoT700GE701C(forAH64A/Dfrom
1990),1,890shp(1,409kW)]each

Performance
Neverexceedspeed:197knots(227mph,365km/h)
Maximumspeed:158knots(182mph,293km/h)
Cruisespeed:143knots(165mph,265km/h) WeaponloadoutoftheAH64
Range:257nmi(295mi,476km)withLongbowradarmast Apache
Combatradius:260nmi(300mi,480km)
Ferryrange:1,024nmi(1,180mi,1,900km)
Serviceceiling:21,000ft(6,400m)minimumloaded
Rateofclimb:2,500ft/min(12.7m/s)
Discloading:9.80lb/ft(47.9kg/m)
Power/mass:0.18hp/lb(0.31kW/kg)

Armament
Guns:130mm(1.18in)M230ChainGunwith1,200roundsaspartoftheAreaWeaponSubsystem
Hardpoints:Fourpylonstationsonthestubwings.Longbowsalsohaveastationoneachwingtipforan
AIM92Stingertwinmissilepack.[70]
Rockets:Hydra7070mm,CRV770mm,andAPKWS70mm[69]airtogroundrockets
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Missiles:TypicallyAGM114HellfirevariantsAIM92Stingermayalsobecarried.

Avionics
LockheedMartin/NorthropGrummanAN/APG78Longbowfirecontrolradar[303](Note:canonlybe
mountedontheAH64D/E)

Notableappearancesinmedia
Seealso
AviationandMissileResearch,Development,andEngineeringCenter
UnitedStatesArmyAviationandMissileCommand

Relateddevelopment

AgustaWestlandApache

Aircraftofcomparablerole,configurationandera

AgustaA129MangustaandTAI/AgustaWestlandT129
BellAH1ZViper
BellYAH63
CAICZ10
DenelRooivalk
EurocopterTiger
KamovKa50
MilMi24/25/35
MilMi28

Relatedlists

ListofactiveUnitedStatesmilitaryaircraft
ListofaviationshootdownsandaccidentsduringtheIraqWar
Listofrotorcraft

References
Notes

1.Israelhadalreadyused"Tzefa"(),HebrewforVipertonameitsBellAH1Cobras.[150]Donald2004statesPeten
translatesto"Viper".[143]

Citations

1."BoeingMarks25thAnniversaryofApacheFirstFlightSept.30".Boeing.2October2000.
2.Haynes,MaryL.andCherylMoraiYoung,ed."DepartmentoftheArmyHistoricalSummary,FY1987,Chapter5:
ModernizingandEquippingtheArmy"(http://www.history.army.mil/books/DAHSUM/1987/ch05.htm).Centerof
MilitaryHistory,UnitedStatesArmy,1995.
3.Sterling,Robert."Apachehelicoptersroarahead".Boeing.com.Boeing.Retrieved16July2014.
4."ModernizingtheArmy'sRotaryWingAviationFleet".CongressionalBudgetOffice.November2007.
5."UnitedStatesDepartmentOfDefenseFiscalYear2015BudgetRequestProgramAcquisitionCostByWeaponSystem"
(pdf).OfficeOfTheUnderSecretaryOfDefense(Comptroller)/ChiefFinancialOfficer.March2014.p.18.

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