JhJhxksqepUk; ue%

tSokeZ
thodk keZ

JhJhy Bkdqj Hkffouksn&fojfpr

vuqoknd
f=nf.MLokeh JhJhefosnkUr ukjk;.k egkjkt

txn~xq# fo".kqikn ijegalLokeh

JhJhefizKku ds'ko xksLokeh egkjkt
ds ikn=k.kkoyEcd JhxkSM+h; osnkUr lfefrds
lHkkifr ifjozktdkpk;Z

f=nf.MLokeh
JhJhefosnkUr okeu egkjkt
}kjk lEikfnr

lokZfkdkj lqjf{kr
 izdk'kd
f=nf.MLokeh JhefosnkUr ekko egkjkt

Jhds'koth xkSM+h; eB] eFkqjk (m iz)

prqFkZ laLdj.klaor~

izkfIr LFkku
- JhnsokuUn xkSM+h; eB] rs?kjhikM+k] iks uo}hi &
- Jhmkj.k xkSM+h; eB] pqpqM+k] gqxyh (i ca) &
- Jhds'koth xkSM+h; eB] tokgj gkV] eFkqjk (m iz) &
- Jh:i&lukru xkSM+h; eB] nkuxyh] o`Unkou (m iz) &
- JhxksihukFkth xkSM+h; eB] jk.kkir ?kkV] o`Unkou (m iz) &
- JhnqokZlk f"k xkSM+h; vkJe] bZ'kkiqj] eFkqjk (m iz) &
- JhHkfosnkUr xkSM+h; eB] laU;kl jksM]du[ky] gfj}kj &
- Jhuhykpy xkSM+h; eB] LoxZ}kj] iqjh (mM+hlk) &
- Jhfouksnfogkjh xkSM+h; eB] ] gkynkj ckxku ysu] dydkk &
- Jhxksyksdxt xkSM+h; eB] xksyksdxat] XokyikM+k] /kwcM+h (vklke)
- Jhxksikyth xkSM+h; izpkj dsUnz] dksjUV] jkfUn;kgkV] ftyk&ckys'oj (mM+hlk)
- Jhds'ko xksLOkkeh xkSMh+ ; eB] 'kfx<+] f'kfyxqMh+ ] (i ca) &
- JhfiNynk xkSM+h; eB] vk'kqfr;kckM+] esfnuhiqj (i ca)
- JhflokVh xkSM+h; eB] fl/kkckM+h] :iukjk;.kiqj] ftyk&oZeku (i ca)
- Jhoklqnso xkSM+h; eB] iks oklqxko] ftykdksdM+k>kj (vklke)
- Jhes?kky; xkSM+h;eB] rqjk] osLV xkjks fgYl (es?kky;) &
- Jh';kelqUnj xkSM+h;eB] feyuiYyh] f'kfyxqM+h] nktfy &
- Jhenueksgu xkSM+h; eB] ekFkkHkkk] dwpfcgkj (i ca)
- JhfrjRu xkSM+h;eB] JhpSrU; ,osU;w] nqxkZiqj(i ca) &

eqnzdjsDeks fizUVlZ] ubZ fnYyh

 izLrkouk 

izLrkouk
i`Fohry&ij cgqrls keZ&lEiznk; izpfyr gSaA muesals vfkdka'k
lEiznk;ksaesa gh rkeZ&izpkjds ms';ls fofok&izdkjdh iz.kkfy;ksadk
voyEcu dj fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksaesa vusdkusd xzUFk fyfic gq, gSaA ftl
izdkj ykSfdd f'k{kkesa dfu"B] e;e vkSj mkedk Hksn vFkok p&uhp
vkfn fofok&izdkjds rkjrE; Lor%fl gSa] mlh izdkj fofHkUu
keZ&lEiznk;ksadh keZ&f'k{kkvksaesa Hkh fofHkUu izdkjds rkjrE;
loZoknhlEer ,oa Lor%fl gSaA buesa&ls JhpSrU; egkizHkqds izse&keZdh
f'k{kk lHkh n`f"Vls loksZke gSbls fo'ods lHkh fujis{k euh"kho`Un ,d
Lojls Lohdkj djsaxsA loksZke vkn'kZ vkSj f'k{kkls vuqizkf.kr gksusdh
vkdka{kk lHkhesa gh ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA mu yksxksadh ;g 'kqHksPNk dSls
Qyorh gksbldk fopkj djds gh ijeeq iq#"k rFkk keZ&txr~ds
izkku vkn'kZ] f'kf{kr dqy&pwM+kef.k Jhy Bkdqj Hkffouksnus fofHkUu
Hkk"kkvksaesa vusdkusd keZ&xzUFkksadk l`tu fd;k gSA bu xzUFkksaesa JhpSrU;
egkizHkqdh f'k{kkvksadk vfr'k; gh ljy&lgt Hkk"kkesa lkaxksikax o.kZu
miyCk gksrk gSA ys[kddh lEiw.kZ xzUFkjkf'kesa bl ^tSo&keZ* xzUFkdks gh
fofHkUu ns'kh; kked euhf"k;ksaus loksZke ekuk gSA
fo'oesa osn gh lcls izkphure xzUFk gSaA rnuqxr mifu"kn~ lewg
,oa JhosnO;kl}kjk izdfVr osnkUrlw=] egkHkkjr vSkj Jhen~Hkkxor vkfn
vkn'kZxzUFk gSaA vkxs pydj blh vkn'kZls vuqizkf.kr gksdj Hkkjro"kZesa
vusdksa izdj.k&xzUFk fy[ks x;s] ftudk LFkku&LFkkuij izpqj izpkj vkSj
vknj gSA bu izdj.k&xzUFkksaesa rkjrE;] oSf'k"V~; vkSj Hksn vkfndh rks
ckr gh D;k] ijLij lketL;jfgr fofHkUu&izdkjds erHksn vkSj
dkYifud fopkjkkjk, Hkh ifjyf{kr gksrh gSaA QyLo:i keZ&txresa
ukuk izdkjds mFky&iqFky vkSj mio gq, gSa vkSj gks jgs gSaA ,slh fodV
ifjfLFkfresa Lo;a&Hkxoku ijrods :iesa thoek=dk mkj djusds fy,
lIrrhFkksesa izkku ek;krhFkZek;kiqj (Jhkke uo}hi) esa vkfoHkwZr gksdj
 tSokeZ

vius fiz; ik"kZnksa }kjk lEiw.kZ 'kkL=ksadk ;FkkFkZ rkRi;Zewy lkj lyu
djokdj yxHkx & o"kZ iwoZ lcds n;esa fnO;Kku&ewyk
Hkfdk mUes"k djk;k FkkA muesa&ls rhu&pkjdks NksM+dj vfkdka'k xzUFk
gh laLr Hkk"kkesa fyfic gSaA JhpSrU; egkizHkqds ik"kZnkske Jh
Jh:ilukruds fiz;re vfHkUu&foxzg Jhy thoxksLokehus leLr 'kkL=ksadk
lkj&lyu dj nsoHkk"kkesa "kV~lUnHkZ vkfn xzUFkksadh jpuk dh gS vkSj
muds ek;els Lo;a&Hkxoku~dh thokskj&yhykdh fuxw<+re bPNkdks O;
fd;k gSA dqN yksx 'kkL=ksadk ;FkkFkZ rkRi;Z vuqkkou ugha dj ik ldusds
dkj.k muds vkaf'kd ;k dykek=] ;gk rd fd Nk;k ;k fo# Hkkodks
gh xzg.k djusds fy, ck; gq, gSaA Jhtho xksLokehdh ys[kuh&izlwr
f'k{kk gh JheUegkizHkqdh ,sdkfUrd f'k{kk gS_ osn&mifu"kn~] egkHkkjr vkSj
Jhekxordh f'k{kk gSA blh f'k{kkds loZFkk funksZ"k vkSj iw.kZre Hkkodk
voyEcu djds ;g ^tSokeZ* xzUFk vR;Ur vk'p;Z :ils xzfFkr gqvk
gSA uhps ^tSokeZ*&ukedj.kds rkRi;Zdh foospuk dh tk jgh gS] ftlls
ikBdx.k bl xzUFkdh mikns;rk vkSj xq#Rodk lgt gh vuqkkou dj
ldsaxsA
xzUFkdkjus bl xzUFkdk ukedj.k fd;k gS^tSokeZ*A keZds lEcUkesa
ge lcus dqN&u&dqN ,d kkj.kk cuk j[kh gSA blhfy, ;gk LFkkukHkkods
dkj.k bl fo"k;esa dqN vfkd dguk vuko';d le>rs gSaA laLr
Hkk"kkesa ^tho* 'kCnesa ^".k* izR;; yxkdj ^tSo* 'kCn fu"iUu gqvk gSA
bldk vFkZ gS^thodk* vFkok ^tho&lEcUkh;*A vr,o ^tSokeZ* dgusls
^thoek=dk keZ* vFkok ^tho&lEcUkh;* keZdk cksk gksrk gSA ;gk tho
fdls dgrs gSa\bl iz'udk mkj Lo;a xzUFkdkjus gh blh xzUFkesa foLr`r
foospu iwoZd iznku fd;k gSA la{ksiesa eSa nks&,d ckrsa ;gk fuosnu djuk
vko';d le>rk gwA
^tho*'kCnls thou gS ftldks] ogh tho gS vFkkZr~ izk.khek= gh
tho gSA vr,o tSokeZls xzUFkdkjus thoek= ;k izk.khek=ds keZdks y{;
fd;k gSA Jh".kpSrU; egkizHkqus vius ,dkUr vuqxr futtu
Jh:i&lukru vkSj tho vkfn Ng xksLokfe;ksads }kjk izk.khek= ;k
thoek=ds fy, dkSu&lk keZ xzg.kh; vkSj ikyuh; gSbl fo"k;esa f'k{kk
nh gSA rnuUrj yxHkx o"kksds i'pkr~ JhJhxkSj&tUeLFkku Jhkke
 izLrkouk !

ek;kiqjds lehi gh bl xzUFkds ys[kd lIre xksLokeh Jhy Bkdqj

Hkffouksnus vkfoHkZwr gksdj] thoksads izfr n;kZ&fpk gksdj caxyk Hkk"kkesa
^tSokeZ* dh jpuk dh gSA
Hkxoku~dh bPNkls Hkxoku~ds futtu Jh".knkl dfojkt xksLokehus
JhpSrU; pfjrke`r&xzUFkesa Hkxoku JhxkSjpUdh f'k{kkdk lkj fuEufyf[kr
i;kjesa O; fd;k gS
thos j Lo:i g; ".ks j fuR;nklA
".ksj rVLFkk 'kf Hksnk&Hksn izdk'kAA
(e;- @)
xzUFkdkjus xkSM+h; oS".koksadh lEiw.kZ f'k{kkds chteU=&Lo:i m eU=ds
vkkkjij gh ^tSokeZ* dh jpuk dh gSA vr,o ;g xzUFk tkfr] o.kZ]
vkJe vkSj ns'k&dky&ik= vkfn Hksnksals ijs ekuo ek=ds fy, gh ugha]
vfirq euq";srj dqyksn~Hkqr izLrj] i'kq] i{kh] dhV] irax vkSj typj
vkfn LFkkoj vkSj taxe ;ksfu;ksadks izkIr izk.khek=ds fy, gh fgrdj
vkSj xzg.kh; gSA euq";srj izkf.k;ksaesa tSokeZ xzg.kds mnkgj.k&Lo:i vfgY;k
(ik"kk.kh)] ;eyktZqu (o`{k)] lIrrky (o`{k)] u`xjkt (fxjfxV)] Hkjr
(e`x)] lqjfHk (xk;)] xtsU (gkFkh)] tkeoUr (jhN)] vn&lqxzho (cUnj)
vkfnds uke mYys[k ;ksX; gSaA txn~xq# czkthus Lo;a&Hkxoku ".kls
r`.k&xqYe] i'kq] i{kh vkfn fdlh Hkh ;ksfuesa tUe nsdj rnh; pj.kdeyksadh
lsokdh ;kpuk dh gS
rnLrq es ukFk l HkwfjHkkxks Hkos= okU;= rq ok frj'pke~A
;sukgesdksfi HkoTtukuk HkwRok fu"ksos ro ikniYyoe~AA
(Jhek- AA)
Hkjkt izkn egkjktus rks vkSj Hkh Li"V :ils i'kq vkfn lgksa
;ksfu;ksaesa tUe xzg.k djds Hkh HkxokL; :i tSokeZ&izkfIrdh ykylk
O; dh gS
ukFk ;ksfu lgs"kq ;s"kq ;s"kq cztkE;ge~A
rs"kq rs"opyk HkfjP;qrkLrq lnk Rof;AA
vkSj Lo;a xzaFkdkjus Hkh Lojfpr ^'kj.kkxfr* xzaFkesa ,slh gh izkFkZuk
dh gS
" tSokeZ

dhV tUe gm ;Fkk rq;k nklA

cfgeZ q [ k cz tUes ukfg vk'kAA
vr,o ^tSokeZ* dh f'k{kk izk.khek=ds fy, vknj.kh; vkSj xzg.kh;
gSA bl f'k{kkdks lokZUr%dj.k }kjk viukusls izk.khek= vfr lgt gh
ek;keksgds dBksj fuxMdh ?kksj ;U=.kkls rqPN&vyhd vkuUndh
e`x&ejhfpdkls lnkds fy, NqVdkjk izkIr dj Hkxon~ lsokuUnesa fueXu
gksdj ijk'kkfUr vkSj ijkuUndks izkIr djusesa leFkZ gksrk gSA
iwoZ&izn'kr f'k{kkds p&uhp rkjrE;dh Hkkfr keZroesa Hkh
p&uhp vkfndk rkjrE; Lohr gSA mUur f'k{kkdk vkn'kZ mUur
vfkdkjh gh xzg.k dj ldrk gSA rkRi;Z ;g fd leLr izdkjds izkf.k;ksaesa
euq"; loZJs"B gSA euq";srj izk.kh Hkh vusd izdkjds gSaA izk.kh ;k tho
dgusls psru inkFkZdk gh cksk gksrk gSA ;gk vpsru ;k tM+ inkFkksdk
fo"k; vkyksP; ugha gSA psrudh LokHkkfod o`fk ;k f;kdks gh keZ
dgrs gSaA og keZ okLroesa psrudh o`fk ;k mlds Lo:ixr LoHkkodks
gh y{; djrk gSA keZdh ok.kh dgusls psrudh ok.khdk gh cksk gksrk
gSA bl xzUFkds lksygosa v;k;esa psruds rkjrE;ewyd e&fodkldk
foKku&laxr lw{e foospu gSA psru vFkkZr~ ek;kc thoksadh ikp
voLFkk, gksrh gSa() vkPNkfnr psru] () ladqfpr psru] ()
eqdqfyr psru] () fodflr psru vkSj () iw.kZ fodflr psruA
,sls psru gh tho ;k izk.kh dgykrs gSaA thoksadh ;s ikp Jsf.k;k iqu%
LFkkoj vkSj te Hksnls nks Hkkxksaesa foHk gSaA buesals o`{k] yrk] xqYe
vkSj izLrj vkfn LFkkoj izkf.k;ksadks vkPNkfnr psru dgrs gSaA bl
vkPNkfnr psrudks NksM+dj vU; pkj izdkjds psru lewgdks te
(pyus okys) izk.kh dgrs gSaA i'kq] i{kh] dhV] irax ,oa typj izk.khlewg
ladqfpr psru gSaA vkPNkfnr vkSj ladqfpr bu nks Jsf.k;ksaeas euq";srj
dqyksRiUu tho gksrs gSaA eqdqfyr] fodflr vkSj iw.kZ fodflr psrubu
rhuksa gh Jsf.k;ksaesa euq"; 'kjhj okys tholewg vkrs gSaA vr,o bu
rhu Jsf.k;ksaesa vofLFkr psru] vkdkjdh n`f"Vls ekuo gksus ij Hkh
psrurkds e&fodkldh n`f"Vls buesa rkjrE; gSA blh rkjrE;&fopkjdks
;kuesa j[kdj gh muesa dfu"B] e;e vkSj mkedk fopkj gksrk gSA
 izLrkouk #

fQj Hkh o`{k] yrk] xqYe] i'kq&i{kh vkSj euq";;s lHkh tho gh gSa
vkSj bu lHkhdk gh ,dek= keZ Hkxonqikluk gh gSA ijUrq bu lcesa
euq"; loZJs"B izk.kh gS vkSj Hkxonqikluk :i tSokeZ mlhdk fo'ks"k
keZ gSA
Kku ;k ckskds vkPNknuds rkjrE;kuqlkj psru o`fkdk rkjrE;
gqvk djrk gSA ekuo gh loZizdkjds izkf.k;ksaesa Js"B gSbl fo"k;esa
rfud Hkh lUnsg ugha gSA ;g Js"BRo dgk vkSj D;ksa gSbl ij fopkj
djuk vR;Ur vko';d gSA o`{k] yrk] dhV&irax] i'kq&i{kh vkSj typj
izkf.k;ksals vkdkj&fodkj] cy&oh;Z] lkSUn;Z ,oa :i&yko.; vkfndh
n`f"Vls euq"; gh loZJs"B gS,slk ugha dgk tk ldrkA ijUrq eukso`fk
,oa cqfds fodkl vFkok pSrU;o`fkds vfkd fodkldh n`f"Vls gh
ekuo vU;kU; izkf.k;ksals loZrksHkkosu Js"B gSA vr,o ^tSokeZ* esa blh
Js"B keZdk foospu fd;k x;k gSA lkkkj.kr% tho&ek=dk keZ gksusij
Hkh bls ekuo&tkfrdk gh keZ le>uk pkfg,A D;ksafd Js"B kzeZesa Js"B
thodk gh fo'ks"k :ils vfkdkj gksrk gSA
;gk ;g iz'u gks ldrk gS fd xzUFkdk uke ^tSokeZ* u j[kdj
^ekuokeZ* ;k ^euq"; ek=dk keZ* gh D;ksa ugha j[kk x;k\ bldk dkj.k
vuqlUkku djus ij ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd keZek=esa euq";dh o`fk gksrh
gSA euq";srj izkf.k;ksaesa keZ ugha gksrk;gh lkkkj.k fofk gSA o`{k] yrk]
izLrj] fe] dhV] irax] eRL;] dPNi] i'kq&i{kh vkSj lki vkfn thods
vUrHkwZr gksus ij Hkh buesa eks{k ;k Hkxonqikluk lwpd keZo`fk ifjyf{kr
ugha gksrhA
dfri; nk'kZfudksadk ;g er gS fd ftu izkf.k;ksaesa dsoyek= i'kqRo
vFkkZr~ ew[kZrk vkSj fu"Bqjrk (Animality) gksrh gS] os gh i'kq gSaA bl
i'kq&Js.khds dfri; thoksaesa tks tUexr LokHkkfod ;k lgt Kkuo`fk
(Intuition) ifjyf{kr gksrh gS] og dqN gn rd ekuo o`fkdk vkHkklek=
gS_ okLroesa og ekuo&o`fk ughaA bl i'kqRo (Animality) ds lkFk Kku
;k foosd&cqf (Rationality) ;q gksusij gh mls ekuork vkSj ftuesa
;g ekuork gks] mUgsa ekuo ;k euq"; dgrs gSaA ik'pkR; nk'kZfudksaus
Hkh dgk gSMen are rational beingsA gekjs vk;Z f"k;ksaus m i'kqo`fk
(Animality) ls la{ksir% vkgkj] fuk] Hk; vkSj eSFkqubu pkj o`fk;ksadks
$ tSokeZ

y{; fd;k gSA bl i'kqo`fkdks vfre dj keZo`fk (Rationality) ls

;q gksusij gh euq";Ro izekf.kr gksrk gSA ijUrq ;gk ;g fo'ks"k:ils
;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd ik'pkR; n'kZuesaRationality dk vFkZ vfr ladqfpr
gS vkSj gekjs vk;Z n'kZudk ^keZ* 'kCn cgqr gh O;kid gS] tks ik'pkR;
n'kZ u ds Rationality dks vius ,dka'kesa vUrHkZwr dj mlls Hkh cgqr mUur
bZ'kksikluk&o`fk rddks kkj.k djrk gSA ;g keZ gh euq";Rodk ;FkkFkZ
ifjpk;d gSA keZghu izkf.k;ksadks ^i'kq* dh laKk nh xbZ gSA 'kkL= dgrs
gS
a
vkgkj fuk Hk; eSFkqup lkekU;esrr~ i'kqfHkuZjk.kke~A
keksZ fg rs"kka vfkdks fo'ks"kks kesZ.k ghuk i'kqfHk% lekukAA
rkRi;Z ;g fd vkgkj] fuk] Hk; vkSj eSFkqu:i bfU;&riZ.kkfn
izk.kh ;k thoek=dh LokHkkfod o`fk;k gSaA euq"; vkSj euq";srj lc
izdkjds thoksaesa gh ;s o`fk;k leku :ils ifjyf{kr gksrh gSaA blesa
nks er ughaA ijUrq euq";dks euq"; rHkh dgk tk;sxk] tcfd mlesa
keZo`fk ns[kh tk;A ^keksZ fg rs"kka vfkdks fo'ks"kks* vFkkZr~ i'kq vkfndh
vis{kk euq";esa keZ gh fo'ks"k ;k vfkd gksrk gSA ftlesa keZdk furkUr
vHkko gksrk gS] og euq"; ugha dgk tk ldrkA ^kesZ.k ghuk i'kqfHk%
lekukA*keZghu O;f i'kq&ln`'k gSA blfy, gekjs ns'kesa keZghu euq";dks
uji'kq dgk x;k gSA
vLrq] ;g fo'ks"k :ils fopkj.kh; gS fd vktdy yksx keZdk
ifjR;kx djds dsoy vkgkj&fogkj vkfn fo"k;&Hkksxksaesa izek jgrs gSa]
mudh ;g o`fki'kqo`fk ;k euq";srj o`fk gSA dfyds izHkkols vktdy
euq"; fuEuxkeh gksdj e'k% i'kqRodh vksj vxzlj gks jgk gSA blfy,
xzUFkdkjus lHkhdh fgrdkeukls gh xzUFkdk uke ^tSokeZ* j[kdj
'kkL=&e;kZnkdks lEiw.kZ :iesa v{kq..k j[kk gSA euq";esa gh
bZ'oj&mikluk:i keZ ifjyf{kr gksrk gS] i'kq&i{kh vkfn euq";srj
izkf.k;ksaesa ughaA vr,o euq"; loksZPp izk.kh gS vkSj ogh loksZPp f'k{kk
;k keZdk fo'ks"k vfkdkjh gSA tSokeZ mUgksads fy, iBuh; gSA
JhpSrU; egkizHkqdh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd mUgksaus lcls fuEu O;fdks
Hkh ik djds viuh mPpre f'k{kkesa vfkdkj iznku fd;k gSA ;g
 izLrkouk %

fdlh Hkh nwljs vorkjesa ugha fn;k x;k gSA blhfy, 'kkL=dkjksaus
JheUegkizHkqdk cM+s gh eked 'kCnksaesa Lrou fd;k gS
vuirpjha fpjkr~ d#.k;korh.kZ% dykS
leiZf;rqeqkrksTToyjlka LoHkffJ;e~A
gfj% iqjVlqUnj|qfrdnEclUnhfir%
lnk n;&dUnjs LQqjrq o% 'kphuUnu%AA
(fonXkekko @)
vFkkZr~ tks loksZR"V mTToy&jl txr~dks dHkh Hkh nku ugha fd;k
x;k] ftlls thoek= vR;Ur lgt vkSj ljy :ils ek;k&eksgds cUkuls
lnkds fy, eq gksdj ".kizse izkIr dj kU; gks lds] mlh
LoHkf&lEifkdk nku djusds fy, d#.kko'kr% lqo.kZdkfUr&}kjk
nsnhI;eku Lo;a&Hkxoku Jh'kphuUnu xkSjgfj dfydkyesa vorh.kZ gq,
gSaA ys[kdus Hkh JheUegkizHkqds m oSf'k"Vdh loZrksHkkosu j{kk dh gSA
^oS".kokeZesa euq"; ek=dk vfkdkj gS*xzUFkdkjus ^tSokeZ*ds X;kjgosa
v;k;ds ekSyoh lkgsc vkSj oS".koksads ijLij fopkjizlaxesa bl flkUrdk
;qf&laxr fopkjksa ,oa n`<+ 'kkL=h; izek.kksads&}kjk izfriknu fd;k gSA
mnwZ] Qkjlh vkSj vaxzsth vkfn fdlh Hkh Hkk"kkdks cksyusokyk O;f oSS".ko
gks ldrk gSA dsoyek= laLrHkk"kh gh oS".ko gks ldsaxs,slh ckr ughsa]
izR;qr~ ,slk ns[kk tkrk gS fd fgUnh] cxyk] mfM+;k] vklkeh] rfey]
rsyxq vkfn Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh vusdksa O;f izpqj izfr"BklEiUu oS".ko&inohdks
izkIr dj pqds gSaA vr,o eqlyeku] bZlkbZ] ckS vkSj tSu vkfn tkfr;ksads
yksx oS".ko gksusds vfkdkjh gSaA Hkk"kkds oS"kE;ls oS".korkdk oS"kE; ugha
gksrkA
Hkk"kk&fo}sf"k;ksads fopkjksadh mis{kk djds JhyHkffouksn Bkdqjus
Hkk"kkvksads ek;els JheUegkizHkqdh vizkr Hkkoe;h f'k{kkdk izdk'k
fd;k gSA vizkr nSo&laLr&Hkk"kk rFkk rnuqxr caxykds vfrfj
mfM+;k] fgUnh] mnwZ vkSj vaxzsth vkfn fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksaesa muds }kjk jfpr
yxHkx xzUFkksadk ifjp; ik;k tkrk gSA muesals dfri; fo'ks"k
xzUFkksads uke muds jpukdkyds lkFk uhps fn;s tk jgs gSa
& tSokeZ

(d) laLr() osnkUrkfkdj.kcaxkCn ()] () nkdkSLrqHke~

] () nkoa'kekyk ] () ckSfot; dkO;e~ ] ()
Jh".klafgrk ] () ^lUeksnu Hkk";* (f'k{kk"Vd dk) ] ()
n'kksifu"kn~&pw.kdk ] () Hkkokoyh ('yksd vkSj Hkk";) ]
() ^JhpSrU;pj.kke`r*&Hkk"; (JhpSrU;ksifu"kn~dk) ] ()
JhenkEuk; lw=e~ ] () rofoosd% ;k JhlfPpnkuUnkuqHkwfr%
] () rolw=e~ ] () ^osnkdZ&nhfkfr* O;k[;k
(bZ'kksifu"kn~dh) ] () JhxkSjk&Lej.key&Lrks=e~ ]
() JhlukruxksLokehds ^JhHkxokeke`re~* xzUFkdk Hkk"; ] ()
JhHkkxorkdZejhfpekyk ] () JhHktu jgL;e~ ] ()
Lofu;e&}kn'kde~ ] () czlw= ;k osnkUr&n'kZudk Hkk";]
() f'k{kk&n'kewye~ bR;kfnA
([k) caxyk (x|)() xHkZLrks=&O;k[;k ;k lEcUk&ro&pfUdk
caxkCn ] () JhlTturksf"k.kh (ekfld if=dk] e~& [k.M)
vkjEHk ] () ^jfldjtu Hkk"kkHkk";* (xhrkdh Jhfo'oukFk
porhZVhdklfgr) ] () JhpSrU;f'k{kke`r ] () izse&iznhi
(ikjekFkd miU;kl) ] () ^Jhfo".kqlguke* dk caxkuqokn
(cynsoHkk";) ] () oS".koflkUrekyk ] ()
flkUr&niZ.kkuqokn ] () ^fo}njatu* Hkk"kk&Hkk"; (Jhxhrkds
Jhcynso&Hkk"; lfgr) )] () Jhgfjuke] Jhuke] Jhuke&ro]
Jhuke&efgek] Jhuke&izpkj (oS".ko&flkUrekykds xqPN lfgr) ]
() JheUegkizHkqdh f'k{kk ] () ro eqkoyh ;k
ek;kokn'krnw"k.kh ] () ^ve`rizokg&Hkk";* (JhpSrU;pfjrke`rdk)
] () Jhjkekuqt&mins'k ] () tSokeZ ] ()
^izdkf'kuh* o`fk lfgr czlafgrkdk caxkuqokn ] ()
^Jh".kd.kkZe`re~* xzUFkdh O;k[;k ] () ^ih;w"ko"k.kh* o`fk
(Jhmins'kke`re~dh) ] () Jhujgfj Bkdqj r ^JhHktuke`re~*xzUFkdk
Hkk"; ] () ^JhladYidYiqe%* xzUFkdk caxkuqokn bR;kfnA
()
xzUFkdkjus vius xzUFkksads jpukdkyesa ^caxkCn* dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA
tks foeh lEor~ls o"kZ ihNs izpfyr gqvk gSA vFkkZr~ caxkCnesa
dk ;ksx djus ls og foeh lEor~ gksxkA
 izLrkouk '

(x) caxyk (i|)() gfjdFkkcaxkCn ] () 'kqaHk&fu'kqaHk&;q

] () fotu xzke ] () laU;klh ] ()
dY;k.k&dYir# ] () eu%f'k{kk ] () Jh".kfot;
] () Jhuo}hikke ekgkRE; ] () 'kj.kkxfr ]
() 'kksd'kkru ] () Jhuo}hiHkkorjax ] ()
Jhgfjuke&fpUrkef.k ] () xhrkoyh] xhrekyk] ()
JhizsefookZ (lEiknu) bR;kfnA
(?k) mnwZokfyns jsft"Vhlu~ bZ-
() vaxzsth(1) Peried (1st & 2nd volume) 1857-1858, (2) Maths of
Orissa 1860, (3) Our wants 1863, (4) Speech on Goutam 1866, (5) Speech
on Bhagavatam 1869, (6) Reflection 1871, (7) Thakur Haridas 1871, (8)
Temple of Jagannath 1871, (9) Monasteries of Puri 1871, (10) Review
(Personality of Godhead) 1883, (11) Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, His life and
Precepts 1996, (12) A Beacon Light etc.
mijks xzUFkrkfydkdks ns[kdj ;g lgt gh vuqeku fd;k tk
ldrk gS fd xzUFkdkj fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksads ikjn'khZ lqif.Mr FksA ;gk
ys[kdds thouds ,d oSf'k"V~; ij izdk'k Mkyuk vko';d le>rk
gwA os ik'pkR; f'k{kkds kqjUkj fo}ku gksus ij Hkh ik'pkR; izHkkols
loZFkk eq FksA ik'pkR; f'k{kkfonksadk dguk gS'Dont follow me but
follow my words', vFkkZr~ ^eSa tSlk djrk gw oSlk u djks_ eSa tSlk dgrk
gw oSlk djks*A ijUrq Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqjdk thou&pfj= bl dFkudk
izfrokn gSA mUgksaus Lofyf[kr fofok xzUFkkssaesa ftu f'k{kkvksadk mYys[k
fd;k gS] muesa&ls izR;sd f'k{kkdk vkpj.k mUgksaus Lo;a vius thouesa
djds fn[kyk;k gSA blhfy, mudh f'k{kk vkSj Hktu jhfrdks ^Hkffouksn
kkjk* dgrs gSaA muds xzUFkksaesa ,d Hkh ,slh ckr ugha gS] ftldk mUgksaus
Lo;a ikyu u fd;k gksA vr,o mudh ys[kuh vkSj thouhdjuh
vkSj dFkuh ,d gh gSA
ftl egkiq#"kdk ,slk egku oSf'k"V~; gS] ikBdksadks mudk ifjp;
tkuusds fy, dkSrwgy gksuk LokHkkfod gSA fo'ks"kr% vkkqfud ikBdksadks
dksbZ Hkh fo"k; voxr gksusds fy, mlds ys[kdds lEcUkesa vifjfpr
jgusls mlds }kjk fyf[kr fo"k;ksads izfr Jk ugha gksrhA blhfy, la{ksiesa
ys[kdds lEcUkesa nks&,d ckrsa fuosnu dj jgk gwA
 tSokeZ

vfreR;Z egkiq#"kksads lEcUkesa vkykspuk djrs le; lkkkj.k euq";ksads

tUe] e`R;q vkSj fLFkfrdkydh Hkkfr fopkj djuk Hkwy gksxh] D;kasfd
egkiq#"kx.k tUe vkSj e`R;qls ijs gksrs gSaA os fuR;dky fo|eku jgus
ij Hkh yksdesa mudk vkfoHkkZo vkSj frjksHkko gh dsoyek= y{; fd;k
tkrk gSA Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqjus pS=] caxkCn ( flrEcj
bZ-) jfookjdks if'pe caxkyds ufn;k ftysds vUrxZr
JhxkSjkfoHkkZo&LFkyh Jhkkeek;kiqjds lfUudV ^ohjuxj* uked xzkeesa vfr
mPpdqyesa vkfoHkwZr gksdj xkSM+h;xxudks izksn~Hkkf"kr fd;k Fkk vkSj
vk"kk<+] caxkCn ( twu] bZ-) dks dydkk egkuxjhesa
frjksfgr gksdj JhxkSM+h; oS".koksads ijekjk; JhJhxkUkodk&fxfjkkjhdh
e;k&yhykesa izos'k fd;kA
bu o"kksds vYidkyesa mUgksaus Lo;a pkjksa vkJeksadk vkpj.k
djds txr~dks f'k{kk nh gSA loZizFke mUgksaus czp;Zdk ikyu djds
cgqeq[kh mPp f'k{kk, izkIr dhaA rnuUrj xkgZLF;&thouesa lnqik;ls
vFkksZiktZu djds dqVqEcdk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djusdk tks vkn'kZ fn[kyk;k
gS] og izR;sd x`gLFkds fy, vuqlj.kh; gSA blh le; mUgksaus vaxzsth
jktRoesa 'kklu ,oa fopkj foHkkxds ,d fof'k"V mPp inLFk deZpkjh
(xtVsM vkfQlj) ds :iesa lkjs Hkkjro"kZdk Hkze.k fd;k FkkA ;gk
rd fd tks izns'klewg mPN`a[ky(Unregulated Provinces) ds ukels dq[;kr
Fks] ogk ij Hkh bu egkiq#"kus vius izkS<+ lqfopkjksa rFkk 'kklu&lqdkS'kyls
'kkfUr vkSj lqk`~[kykdh LFkkiuk dhA mUgksaus x`gLFk thouesa Hkh vius
kked vkn'kZls rRdkyhu lHkh yksxksadks vk'p;Zpfdr dj fn;k FkkA
bl izdkj xq#nkf;Roiw.kZ dk;ksesa fu;q jgdj Hkh mUgksaus vusdkusd
Hkk"kkvksaesa vusd xzUFkksadh jpuk, dhaA muds }kjk jfpr xzUFkksadh rkfydkesa
geus mu&mu xzUFkksads jpukdkydk Hkh mYys[k fd;k gSA ml rkfydkdks
feykdj ns[kusls ikBdoxZ mudh vk'p;Ztud l`tu&'kfdk vuqeku
yxk ldsaxsA rRi'pkr~ jktdh; 'kklu&foHkkxls lsok fuo`k gksdj okuizLFk
vkJ; xzg.kdj mUgksaus uo}hids ukS&}hiksads vUrxZr dhrZuk[;k
xksqe}hiesa lqjfHk&dqa tdh LFkkiuk dh rFkk ogha ij cgqr le; rd
Hktu fd;kA rRi'pkr~ laU;kl xzg.k djds mlhds lehi
LokuUn&lq[kndqatesa jgdj mUgksaus Bhd JhpSrU;egkizHkqthus ftl izdkjls
 izLrkouk 

Lo;a vkSj vius vuqxr Ng xksLokfe;ksa }kjk Jh".kdh vkfoHkkZo vkSj

vU;kU; yhyk&LFkfy;ksadk izdk'k fd;k Fkk] mlh izdkjls JhpSrU;nsodh
vkfoHkkZo&LFkyh rFkk vU;kU; xkSjyhyk&LFkfy;ksadk izdk'k fd;kA ;fn
;s txr~esa vkfoHkwZr u gksrs rks JhxkSjkax egkizHkqdh yhykLFkfy;k rFkk
mudh f'k{kk, fo'ols foyqIr gks tkrhaA blhfy, lexz xkSM+h; oS".ko
txr budk fpj.kh gS vkSj jgsxkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd lexz oS".ko
txr~esa budks ^lIre* xksLokehdk vR;qPp lEeku iznku fd;k x;k gSA
bu egkiq#"kus vius thouds mPp vkn'kZ }kjk ftl izdkj
yksdf'k{kkdk izpkj&izlkj fd;k gS] mlh izdkj fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kkvksaesa
xzUFkkfn iz.k;u djds izpqj f'k{kk nh gSA blds vfrfj buds nkuds
vkSj Hkh ,d oSf'k"V~;dk mYys[k u djusls ekn`'k thodh ?kksj vrKrk
gh izdkf'kr gksxhA Jhy Bkdqj Hkffouksnus lexz fo'oesa
JhpSrU;egkizHkq}kjk izdfVr keZ&izpkjdds ewy lsukifrds :iesa ftl
egkiq#"kdks bl txrhryij vkfoHkwZr djk;k gS] os enh; xq#ikni
txn~xq# fo".kqikn ijegaldqy&pwM+kef.k v"Vkskj'kr JhJhef flkUr
ljLorh xksLokeh Bkdqjds :iesa lexz fo'oesa lqqifjfpr gSaA bu egkiq#"kdks
txr~esa vkfoHkwZr djkukJheffouksn Bkdqjdh ,d vrqyuh; vfHkuo
dhr gSA lkkq&oS".ko lekt mudks la{ksiesa ^Jhy izHkqikn* dgdj gh
xkSjo Kkiu djrk gSA eSa Hkh Hkfo";esa m ijeeq egkiq#"kds ukeds
LFkyij ^Jhy izHkqikn* dk mYys[k d:xkA
Jhy izHkqiknus Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqjds iq=ds :iesa ;k vUo; :iesa]
;gk rd fd ikjEi;Z:iesa vkfoHkwZr gksdj lexz fo'oesa JheUegkizHkq
JhpSrU;nso }kjk vkpfjr vkSj izpkfjr Jheko xkSM+h; oS".kokeZdk
vR;qTToy irkdk mkksyu djds keZjkT;dk izHkwr dY;k.k vkSj
mUufr&lkku fd;k gSA vesfjdk] baXyS.M] teZuh] kal] LohMu]
fLoVtjyS.M vkSj cekZ vkfn lqnwj if'peh vkSj iwohZ ns'klewg Hkh bu
egkiq#"kdh ikls oafpr ugha gq, gSaA lkjs Hkkjro"kZ vkSj Hkkjrds ckgj
lkjs fo'oesa pkSalB izpkjdsUxkSM+h; eB LFkkfir dj JhpSrU;ok.khdk
izpkj fd;k FkkA lkFk gh mUgksaus Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqjds lkjs xzUFkksadk
izpkj djds txr~esa vrqyuh; dhr LFkkfir dh gSA dkyds izHkkols
 tSokeZ

vFkkZr~ dfydh izcyrkls xkSM+h; oS".ko keZesa ukuk&izdkjds

vlnkpkj&dnkpkj] vflkUr&dqflkUr vkfndk izos'k gks tkusds dkj.k
rsjg vilEiznk; fudy iM+s FksA ;s rsjg vilEiznk; gSa
vkmy ckmy dkkZHktk usM+k nosZ'k lkbA
lgft;k l[khHksdh LekkZ tkfr xkslkbAA
vfrokM+h pwM+kkkjh xkS j kukxjhA
rksrk dgs , rsjg lax ukfg dfjAA
Jhy izHkqikn }kjk Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqjds xzUFkksadk izdk'k vkSj
izpkj gksusls iwoksZ vilEiznk;ksadh vips"Vkvksadk izpqj ifjek.kesa kl
gqvk gSA fQj Hkh nq%[kdk fo"k; gS fd bruk gksus ij Hkh dfyds izHkkols
vkgkj&fogkj vkSj ^ckpk ikM+k* vFkkZr~ thouchek (Life Insure) gh
fdlh&fdlh keZ&lEiznk;ds izpkjds izkku fo"k; gks x;s gSaA okLroesa
;g lc i'kqo`fkdk gh ukekUrj ;k ik'kfod vuq'khyudk izlkj ek=
gSA ge igys gh ,slk dg vk;s gSaA
^tSokeZ* esa iwoksZ rFkkdfFkr dfy&izpksfnrkeZkeZ ugha gS] keZdk
Lo:i D;k gS] keZds lkFk gekjk lEcUk D;k gS] keZdk ikyu djusls
D;k ykHk gS rFkk keZdk ;FkkFkZ rkRi;Z D;k gSvkfn fo"k;ksadk cM+k
gh lkksik foospu izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA yxHkx i`"Bksads bl
NksVsls xzUFkdk ikB djusls lEiw.kZ 'kkL=ksadk rkRi;Z vR;Ur la{ksiesa tkuk
tk ldrk gSA blesa iz'ukskjds :iesa fo'ods lkjs keksdh rqyukewyd
vkykspuk dh x;h gSA ,d okD;esa eSa ;g dg ldrk gw fd bl NksVsls
xzUFkesa xkxjesa lkxjdh Hkkfr lEiw.kZ Hkkjrh; 'kkL=ksadk lkj Hkjk gqvk gSA
vr,o ;g dguk vR;qf ugha gksxh fd fdlh keZthouesa bl xzUFkdk
ikB ugha fd;s tkusls keZ&ro Kkudk mlesa vo'; gh vHkko jg tk;sxkA
bl xzUFkesa fdu&fdu egRoiw.kZ fo"k;ksadk foospu gqvk gS] bl fo"k;dks
tkuusds fy, ikBdoxZls bl xzUFkdh vuqef.kdk ns[kusds fy, vuqjksk
djrk gwA xzUFkdkjus 'kkL=&e;kZnkdks v{kq..k j[krs gq, lEcUk&
vfHkks;&iz;kstukRed&rodks rhu [k.Mksaesa izdkf'kr fd;k gSA dqN
vufHkK ys[kdksaus () lEcUk] () vfHkks; vkSj () iz;kstubl
edk my~?ku dj lcls igys gh () ^iz;kstu* rodh vkykspuk
djds ihNs () ^lEcUk* () ^vfHkks;*roksadk o.kZu fd;k gS] tks
 izLrkouk !

osn] mifu"kn~] iqjk.k] egkHkkjr vkSj fo'ks"kdj izek.k f'kjksef.k Jhen~Hkkxor

vkfnds flkUrksads loZFkk izfrdwy gSA
igys [k.Mesa fuR; vkSj uSfefkd keksdk fo'ys"k.k gS] nwljs [k.Mesa
lEcUk&vfHkks;&iz;kstu&roksadk n`<+ 'kkL=h; izek.kksads vkkkj ij
lkksik o.kZu gS rFkk rhljs [k.Mesa jl&fopkjdk eked foospu gSA
Jhy izHkqikndh fopkjkkjkds vuqlkj tc rd dqN mUur vfkdkjdh
izkfIr u gks tk;] rc rd ^jl&fopkj* esa izos'k djuk mfpr ughaA ;fn
dksbZ vufkdkjh lkkd ^jl&fopkj* esa izos'k djusdh vufkdkj ps"Vk
djsxk rks mldk fgrds vis{kk vfgr gh gksxkA Jhy izHkqiknus ^HkkbZ lgft;k*]
^izkrjl&'kr&nw"k.kh* rFkk vU;kU; vusd izcUkksaesa bls lqLi"V:ils O;
fd;k gSA blfy, bl fo"k;esa lrdZ jgusdh vko';drk gSA
ewy ^tSokeZ*&xzUFk caxyk Hkk"kkesa gSA fQj Hkh blesa 'kkL=h; izek.k
vkfn lEofyr laLr Hkk"kkdk izpqj iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl xzUFkdh
O;kid yksd&fiz;rkdk blhls irk pyrk gS fd FkksM+s gh le;esa caxyk
Hkk"kkesa blds nl&ckjg cM+s&cM+s laLdj.k izdkf'kr gks pqds gSaA fgUnh
Hkk"kkesa vuqfnr tSokeZdk izLrqr ladj.kJhxkSM+h;osnkUr lfefr }kjk
vfHkuo vkdkjesa izdkf'kr tSokeZds vfHkuo laLdj.kdh ifrdk
vuqlj.k djds eqfr gqvk gSA fgUnh ikjekFkd ekfld^JhHkkxor
if=dk* ds lq;ksX; lEikndf=nf.M Lokeh JhJhef osnkUr ukjk;.k
egkjktthus cM+s ifjJels bl xzUFkdks fgUnhesa vuwfnr dj m if=dkds
igys o"kZls NBs o"kZ rdesa izdkf'kr fd;k gSA vc vusd Jkyq
O;f;ksads ckjEckj vuqjksk ij fgUnh Hkk"kh kked turkds dY;k.kkFkZ
mlhdks iqLrdkdkjesa izdkf'kr fd;k x;kA izlaxo'k eSa ;g dgusds fy,
ck; gks jgk gw fd vuqoknd egksn; fgUnh Hkk"kh gSa] caxyk mudh
ekr`&Hkk"kk ugha gS] rFkkfi mUgksaus bl xzUFkdk vuq'khyu djusds fy,
caxyk Hkk"kkdk v;;u fd;k rFkk mlesa fo'ks"k vfHkKrk izkIr djds
dBksj ifjJe vkSj d"V Lohdkj dj bl xzUFkdk vuqokn fd;k gSA
eq>s gknd izlUurk gS fd blesa ewy&xzUFkds dfBu nk'kZfud ,oa
jl&fopkjds vfrxgu rFkk ijeksUur lw{e Hkkoksadh HkyhHkkfr j{kk gqbZ
gS A fgUnh txr bl egku dk;Zds fy, budk rK jgsxkA fo'ks"kr% Jhy
" tSokeZ

izHkqikn vkSj Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqj buds bl vDykUr lsok dk;Zds fy,
fuf'pr :iesa bu ij izpqj ik djsaxsA
vkSj Hkh dfri; Hkxon~Hkksadh bl xzUFkds eq.k vkSj izdk'ku dk;Zesa
lgk;rk ,oa lgkuqHkwfrdk mYys[k ugha djusls esjs dkZO;dh gkfu gksxhA
buesa f=nf.MLokeh JhefosnkUr fHk{kq egkjkt (gky gh esa ftudk
ijyksdxeu gks pqdk gS)] fiz; dqatfcgkjh czpkjh] fiz; Jh".kLokeh
nkl czpkjh] fiz; 'ks"k'kk;h czpkjh] fiz; vkseizdk'k cztoklh
^lkfgR;jRu* vkSj if.Mr ckxjksnh Jh".kpU 'kkL=h] dkO;rhFkZds uke
fo'ks"k mYys[k ;ksX; gSaA
loksZifj esjk oO; ;g gS fd eSa m Hktuksadk xkSjoik= gksusds
dkj.k gh bl xzUFkds lEiknuesa esjk uke O;or gqvk gSA okLroesa
bl xzUFkds vuqoknd vkSj izdk'kd m f=nf.MLokeh JhJhefosnkUr
ukjk;.k egkjkt gh lEiknudk lkjk dk;Z djds esjs fo'ks"k vk'khokZnds
ik= gq, gSaA
eq>s iwjk fo'okl gS fd ,rs'kh; Jkyq turkls ysdj fo}ku~ e.Myh
rdlHkh bl xzUFkdk ikB djds JhpSrU;egkizHkq }kjk vkpfjr vkSj
izpkfjr lEcUkkfHkks;iz;kstu&rods lEcUkesa Kku izkIrdj JhJhjkkk".k
vkSj JhJhpSrU;egkizHkqds izsekeZesa vfkdkj izkIr dj ldsaxsA
vUresa ;g fuosnu gS fd bl xzUFkds eq.kdk;Zesa vR;Ur 'kh?kzrkds
dkj.k dqN eqkdj izeknkfn kqfV;k jg x;h gSaA ijUrq os vR;Ur lkkkj.k
dksfVdh gksusds dkj.k 'kqf&i= ugha fn;k x;k gSA ikBdoxZ bl xzUFkdk
ikB dj gekjs izfr izpqj vk'khokZn djsa;gh izkFkZuk gSA vyefrfoLrjs.kA
Jhds'koth xkSM+h; eB Jhy izHkqikn&fdj
iks-eFkqjk (m- iz-) f=nf.M&fHk{kq
lEor JhHkf izKku ds'ko
 fuosnu #

fuosnu
txn~xq# fo".kqikn Jhy lfPpnkuUn Hkffouksn Bkdqj }kjk caxyk
Hkk"kkesa fyf[kr ewy ^tSokeZ* dk r`rh; laLdj.k izdkf'kr gkss jgk gSA
lqkh ikBdo`Un dqN fnuksals bl xzaFkdk vHkko fo'ks"k :ils vuqHko dj
jgs FksA blds iqu% izdkf'kr gksusls og vHkko nwj gqvk gSA blls iwoZ
bl xzUFkds izFke ,oa f}rh; laLdj.k Jhds'koth xkSM+h; eB] eFkqjklss
f=nf.MLokeh JhefosnkUr ukjk;.k egkjkt }kjk izdkf'kr gks pqds
gSAa
bl cgqy izpkfjr xzUFkds fo"k;esa uohu :iesa dqN ifjp; nsuk
vuko';d gS] D;ksafd ;g xzUFk lHkh :ikuqx xkSM+h;ksa }kjk fo'ks"k lekn`r
gSA x| lkfgR;esa dFkksidFku 'kSyhesa bl xzUFkdk vonku vrqyuh; gSA
blds HkkoxkEHkh;Z] Hkk"kkdk ykfyR;] fopkj&izokg vkSj loksZifj fuxw<+
nk'kZfud roflkUrksaus bl xzUFkdks izkr lkfgR; ys[kdksadh jpukvksals
lEiw.kZ :ils i`Fkd~ ,oa oSf'k"V~;iw.kZ Js.khesa LFkkfir dj j[kk gSA vizkr
lkfgR;&l`"Vkvksads lezkV~ JhlfPpnkuUn Hkffouksn Bkdqjus bl xzUFkdh
jpukdj vizkr lkfgR; txr~esa oSdq.Bh;&dkSLrqef.kdk vkfo"dkj fd;k
gSblesa rfud Hkh lUnsg ugha gSA
vkyksP; ewyxzUFk caxHkk"kkesa fyf[kr gksus ij Hkh bldk fgUnh] vaxzsth]
rfey] rsyqxq] mfM+;k vkfn fofok Hkk"kkvksaesa vuqokn gqvk gS rFkk fo'ods
lHkh ns'kksaesa bldk izpqj izpkj gSA vfreR;Z egkiq#"kksadh ys[kuh
Hkk"kk&fooknls loZFkk ij mBdj vuUr fo'odh dY;k.kdkeukds fy,
lrr~ iz;Ru'khy jgrh gSA mnkj&uSfrd lkkq&lUr fdlh Hkh Hkk"kkds izfr
fo}s"kdh Hkkouk ugha j[krs vkSj u gh LokFkkZUosf"k;ksadh Hkkfr izknsf'kdrkdks
izJ; nsrs gSaA Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqjus fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksaesa jpuk,sa dh
gSaA blls mudh mnkj&uSfrd eukso`fkdk Hkh ifjp; feyrk gSA tsbZ
Hkts lsbZ cM+] vHk ghu NkjA ".k Hktus ukfg tkfr dqykfn fopkj
vFkkZr~ tks Hktu djrs gSa os gh Js"B gSaA ".k Hktuesa tkfr&dqykfndk
$ tSokeZ

dksbZ fopkj ugha gSA bl flkUr ok.khds vuqlkj lHkh Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh] tkfr]
lekt ,oa ns'kds yksxksadks oS".ko ;k Hk gksusdk vfkdkj gS;g lHkh
lukru 'kkL=ksaesa loZrksHkkosu Lohr gSA vr% izkr Hkk"kk] izknsf'kdrk]
tkfr&dqykfn fopkj }kjk oS".kork ;k Hk Hkkodk ikFkZD; ugha gksrkA
;g xzUFk ekuoek=ds fy, fo'ks"k n;xzkgh ,oa mi;ksxh gSA blds
Hkko cM+s xEHkhj ,oa Hkk"kk cM+h ljy vkSj vkd"kZd gSA ^tSokeZ* dh
fopkjkkjkdks ysdj gh ^JhpSrU;&f'k{kke`r* vkSj ^JheUegkizHkqdh f'k{kk*
vkfn cgqrls xzUFk izdkf'kr gq, gSaA fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksaesa bl xzUFkdk vuqokn
gksuk gh bldh yksdfiz;rkdk ;Fks"V izek.k gSA
tSokeZ xzUFkesa o.kr ^keZ* lkkkj.k yksxksadh izkr kkj.kkls loZFkk
fHkUu gSA nsg vkSj euds izkr keZ dnkfi vkRekeZds LFkkuij izfrf"Br
ugha gks ldrsA vkRekeZ ;k lukru keZdk gh nwljk uke tSokeZ gSA
Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqjus thoek=dks ;gh le>kusdk iz;kl fd;k gSA
mUgksaus dqdehZ] dqKkuh vkSj dq;ksfx;ksads vkeZ] NykeZ] fokeZds lkFk
rqyuk&ewyd vkykspukds }kjk lukru keZdk oSf'k"V LFkkfir fd;k
gSA mUgksaus osn&osnkUr] mifu"kn~] xhrk] Hkkxorkfn 'kkL=ksads fuxw<+ jgL;ksa
vkSj xkSM+h;&xksLokeh&xq#oxZds xq#&xEHkhj nk'kZfud ro&flkUrkssadks ftl
izdkj vR;Ur lgt&ljy] izkty Hkk"kkesa izdkf'kr fd;k gS] mlls muds
vfreR;Z O;fRo ,oa fuR; flRodk iw.kZ:is.k ifjp; feyrk gSA
bl xzUFkesa pkyhl v;k; gSaA lEiw.kZ xzUFk rhu Hkkxksaesa foHk gSfuR;
vkSj uSfefkd keZ&ewyd igyk [k.M] lEcUk&vfHkks;&iz;kstuewyd
nwljk [k.M vkSj jl&fopkjewyd rhljk [k.MA igys [k.Mesa
o.kkZJekeZdk foospu gSA nwljs [k.Mesa n'kewy&f'k{kkdk foLr`r :ils
o.kZu gS] tks oS".ko&flkUr ekykdh e;ef.k Lo:i gSA rhljs [k.Mesa
vizkr Hkko&foHkkfor ije jfldksadk fo"k;jl&fopkj gSA
igyk [k.M o.kkZJe&keZewyd gSA nwljk [k.M JhHkfjlke`r flUkq]
"kV~&lUnHkZ vkSj JhpSrU;&pfjrke`r xzUFkdk lkj&ladyu ,oa vf[ky
'kkL=ksadk fu;kZl&Lo:i gSA lHkh 'kkL=ksaesa lEcUk&vfHkks; ,oa
iz;kstukRed ro&fopkj dh gh izfr"Bk gSA Jhy Hkffouksn Bkdqjus
tSokeZesa deZ] Kku] ;ksxkfn fDy"V lkkuksadh rqPNrk izn'kr dh gS
vkSj izl els fuo'ks"k] dsoyk}Sr czokn (ek;kokn) dk ftl izdkjls
 fuosnu %

[k.Mu fd;k gS] mlls fo'kq nk'kZfud txr~ mUgsa fpjfnu rKrkds
lkFk Lej.k djrk jgsxkA bUgksaus Jk vkSj Hkfds fcuk deZ&Kkukfn
lHkh lkkukasdks fu"Qy izekf.kr fd;k gSA lkFk gh ukeczdh vkjkkukdks
gh 'kkL=h;&;qf vkSj izek.kksads }kjk loZJs"B Hktukds :iesa LFkkfir
fd;k gSA
JhHkffouksn Bkdqjus Hkf lkkdksads dY;k.kds fy, n'kewy f'k{kkdh
vfHkuo&ifrdk vkfo"dkj fd;k gS vkSj blhfy, ^f'k{kk n'kewye~*
uked xzUFkdh jpuk Hkh dh gSA JhyporhZ pj.kus JhpSrU;egkizHkqdh
f'k{kkvksadk lkj ^vkjk;ks Hkxoku~* 'yksdesa fyfic fd;k gSA xkSM+h;
osnkUrkpk;Z Jhcynso fo|kHkw"k.k izHkqus eolEiznk;ds lkFk JhxkSM+h;&oS".ko
lEiznk;ds fopkjksadh lerk izn'kZu gsrq ^izes; jRukoyh* esa ^Jheoizkg*
'yksddh vorkj.kk dh gSA blh izdkj JhHkffouksn Bkdqjus mi;qZ
nksuksa izfl 'yksdxr flkUrksadk lketL; fokkuiwoZd n'kewydh jpuk
}kjk xkSM+h;&oS".ko flkUrksadk eUFku djusdk iz;kl fd;k gSA iqu%
^vkEuk;% izkg roe~* ,d gh 'yksdesa ^n'kewyfu;kZl* laxzgiwoZd mldk
lqkh&lTtuksaesa forj.k fd;k gSA blizdkj lEcUk&vfHkks;&iz;kstukRed
;g xzUFk JhpSrU;egkizHkqdh f'k{kkvksadk lkj vkSj JhxkSM+h;&oS".koksads fy,
d.Bgkj Lo:i gSA jlfopkjewyd rhljs [k.Mds lkFk lEiw.kZ tSokeZ
xzUFkdk fgUnh laLdj.k igys izdkf'kr gks pqdk gSA ;|fi JhxkSM+h; osnkUr
lfefr }kjk caxyk Hkk"kkesa blds dfri; laLdj.kksaesa dsoy izFke ,oa
f}rhs; laLdj.k gh eqfnzr gq;s gSaA lEizfr jlfopkj ewyd r`rh;&[k.M
caxk{kjesa izdkf'kr gksus ij i`Fkd~ :iesa rFkk ,d= Hkh vfkdkjh ikBdksaesa
forfjr gqvk gSA ijekjk; Jhy xq#nsous m xzUFkdh izFke izLrkoukesa
fy[kk gSJhy izHkqikndh fopkjkkjkds vuqlkj Hktuesa dqN mUur
vfkdkj izkIr ugha gksus rd jlfopkjesa izos'k djuk mfpr ugha gSA
Jhy izHkqiknus ^HkkbZ lgft;k*] ^izkrjl&'krnw"k.kh* vkSj vU;kU; cgqrls
izcUkksaesa bls lqUnj :ils O; fd;k gSA fQj Hkh vkt rd vufkdkjh
O;f;ksads gkFkksaesa jlfopkj lEofyr ;g tSokeZ xzUFk fn;k tkrk jgk
gSA ;g Jhy izHkqiknthdh fopkjkkjkds vuqdwy ugha gSA jlfopkj ewyd
r`rh;&[k.Mdks ge vufkdkjh lkkkj.k tuksads gkFkksaesa viZ.k ugha djuk
pkgrs gSaA
& tSokeZ

mi;qZ fu"kskkKkds Loi{k vkSj foi{kesa vusdkusd ;qf;ksadh

vorkj.kk dh tk ldrh gSA blls iwoZ Jhds'koth xkSM+h; eB] eFkqjkls
f=nf.MLokeh HkfosnkUr ukjk;.k egkjkt }kjk lEiw.kZ xzUFk gh izdkf'kr
gqvk gSA ijUrq mUgksaus vius izdk'kdh; oO;esa bl fo"k;esa dksbZ eUrO;
izdk'k ugha fd;k gSA gks ldrk gS fd mUgksaus vius ijekjk;nsodk
bafxr vkSj funsZ'k izkIr djds gh ,slk fd;k gksA eSa O;fxr :iesa
Jhy xq#iknids fu"kskkRed funsZ'kds ms'; vkSj rkRi;Zds fo"k;esa ikBd
oxZdks nks ,d ;qf;ksads }kjk crykuk pkgrk gwA
ijekjk; JhJhy xq#iknius vius Jhxq#nso JhJhy ljLorh
izHkqiknth dh fopkjkkjkds vuqlkj lkku&Hktuds fo"k;esa vfkdkj fu.kZ;
ij vfkd tksj fn;k gSA lkku&Hktuesa tc rd mUur vfkdkj izkIr
u gks tk;s rc rd jlfopkjesa izos'k djuk fdlh Hkh lkkdds fy,
vuqfpr gSA 'kkL=ksadk ,slk gh funsZ'k gSA lHkh 'kkL= lEcUk] vfHkks;]
iz;kstukRed vkSj fofk&fu"kskewyd gSaA lkkq&xq#&oS".kokpk;Zx.k 'kkL=h;
fofk&fu"kskksadk HkyhHkkfr ikyu djrs gq, 'kkL=ksadh ;FkkFkZ e;kZnkdk LFkkiu
djrs gSaA os vius fnO; thoupfj= }kjk Hktu {ks=esa ;FkkFkZ :iesa ekxZn'kZu
djrs gSaA lkkdtu mudk iFk vuqlj.kdj rkFkZ gksrs gSaA^rrksnq%laxeqRl`T;
lR"kqlTtsr cqfeku* ;gh Hkkxorh; fofk vkSj fu"ksk gSA iqu% ^LerZO;ks
Hkxoku~ fo".kq foLerZO;kss utkrq fpr~*bls Hkh vUo; vkSj O;frjsd :iesa
ewyfofk vkSj ewyfu"ksk dgk x;k gSA Hkfds izfrdwy fo"k; otZuh;
gSa ,oa Hkfds vuqdwy fo"k; loZrksHkkosu xzk gSaA "kMax 'kj.kkxfresa
,slk gh dgk x;k gSA
Jhxq#ikni vufkdkjh O;f;ksads gkFkksaesa jlfopkj okys r`rh;
[k.Mdks nsuk ugha pkgrs FksA vufkdkj jl&ppkZ djus okyksadks os
^mUekxZ&xkeh* vkSj bpM+sikdk (dPpk uhjl lw[kk dVgy) ^izkr lgft;k*
dgk djrs FksA bu yksxksadk mUurksTToy ekkq;Z&jlds Hktuesa vfkdkj
ugha gSA ;s yksx :ikuqxHktu iz.kkyh ;k fpUrkkkjkls Hkz"V gSaA mudh
lrokufHkKrk mPN`a[kyrkdk gh ifjpk;d gSA JhpSrU;egkizHkqdh f'k{kkdk
izpkj djuk gh dhkZu gSos bldh miyfCk ugha dj ikrsA
lkku&Hktuesa ftl izdkjls vfkdkjdk fopkj Lohr gS]
Hkf&'kkL=kfn vkykspukesa Hkh vfkdkjh&vufkdkjhdk fopkj fun"V gSA
 fuosnu '

".k}Sik;u osnO;klus Jhekxor n'ke~LdUkesa jklipk;k;hds izkjEHk

vkSj vUresa mlds vuq'khyu djusokys vfkdkjh&vufkdkjhdk fopkj
fd;k gSA ^fohfM+ra oztokqfHk%* vkfn 'kyksdksaesa vfkdkjh vkSj ^uSrr~
lekpjsTtkrq* vkfn 'yksdksaesa vufkdkjhdk funsZ'k fd;k gSA vufkdkjhds
fy, fu"kskkKk gksusij Hkh ;FkkFkZ vfkdkjhds vfkdkj] {kerk vkSj
lkeF;Zdh ckr 'kkL=ksaesa loZ= gh Lohr gSA Jhy xq#iknidh ;qfesa
;FkkFkZ vfkdkjh O;fds vfkdkjdks rfud Hkh [koZ ugha fd;k x;k
gSA lkku&Hktuesa mUurkfkdkj izkIr djus okys lkkkj.k fofk&fu"kskdk
vfre.kdj vizkr jlekxZesa izos'k djrs gSa rFkk e'k% izse&Hkf
ykHkdj kU;kfrkU; gks tkrs gSaA blfy, vfkdkjh lkkdtu vizkr
ekqj&jl fopkjewyd foHkkxdk vuq'khyu dj izhfr ykHk djsa] ;gh
Jhy xq#iknidh mfdk rkRi;Z le>uk pkfg,A
bl xzUFkds eqnz.k dk;Zesa vR;Ur 'kh?kzrkds dkj.k dqN eqnzkdj izeknkfn
=qfV&foP;qfr;ksadk jguk lEHko gSA lqkh ikBdo`Un }kjk mudk
la'kkskuiwoZd ikB djusls vkufUnr gksxkA vyefrfoLrjs.k

JhxkSM+h; osnkUr lfefr Jhxq#&oS".ko nklkuqnkl

JhJhxq#iknidh oha vkfoHkkZo frfFkiwtkoklj] f=nf.M fHk{kq
lkseokj] ek?k] Qjojh] JhHkf osnkUr okeu
  tSokeZ

izdk'kdh; oO;
vkt ^tSokeZ* dk r`rh; fgUnh laLdj.k ikBdksads lEeq[k izLrqr djrs
gq, eq>s vikj g"kZ gks jgk gSA bl xzUFkds izdkf'kr gksusls esjh fpjdkydh
vfHkyk"kk iw.kZ gqbZ gSA jk"V&Hkk"kk fgUnhesa bl xzUFkdk vHkko eq>s cqjh
rjgls [kVd jgk FkkA
ewy ^tSokeZ* xzUFk caxyk Hkk"kkesa gSA caxyk Hkk"kkHkk"kh izR;sd oS".koksadk
;g xysdk gkj gSA blds ys[kd gSaorZeku oS".ko txr~esa Lo;a&Hkxoku~
JhpSrU; egkizHkq }kjk izdfVr fo'kq Hkf&HkkxhjFkhdh iquhr kkjkdks
iqu% izcy osxls izokfgr djusokys] fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksaesa Hkf lEcUkh
lSdM+ksa xzUFkksads jpf;rk] JhpSrU; egkizHkqds ik"kZnizoj] lIre xksLokeh
Jhy Hkffouksn BkdqjA bl ^tSokeZ* xzUFkus nk'kZfud ,oa kked txr~esa
;qxkUrj mifLFkr dj fn;k gSA
Jhcz&eo&xkSM+h; lEiznk;ds orZeku laj{kd] JhJhHkffouksn&
xkSjfd'kksj&ljLorhds euksHkh"Viwjd] JhpSrU; egkizHkqdh ijEijkesa n'ke
vkpk;Zds'kjh] JhxkSM+h; osnkUr lfefr ,oa mlds vkhuLFk HkkjrO;kih
'kk[kk&xkSM+h; eBksads laLFkkid ,oa fu;ked vkpk;Zoj] enh; ijekjk;re
JhJhxq#ikni fo".kqikn JhJhefizKku ds'ko xksLokeh
egkjktdh vgSrqdh vlhe vuqdEik] izsj.kk vkSj lk{kkr~ vkns'kls gh
eSa loZfo"k;ksaesa v;ksX; vkSj vleFkZ gksus ij Hkh bl dfBu nk'kZfud
,oa xw<+ mikluk&rols ifjiw.kZ xzUFkdk vuqokn dj ldk gwA
bl vuqoknesa eSaus ewy xzUFkds mPpre nk'kZfud ,oa jlfopkjds
vfr xgu lw{ere Hkkoksadh ;Fkklk; j{kk djusdh ps"Vk dh gS_ lkFk
gh mUgsa lgt&ljy vkSj lqcksk :iesa O; djusdk Hkjld iz;kl fd;k
gSA bl fo"k;esa eSa fdruk lQy gqvk gw] bls rks ikBdx.k gh cryk
ldsaxsA tSlk Hkh gks] bldk lkjk Js; JhJhxq#iknidks gh gSA
loZizFke ;g vuqokn ^JhHkkxor if=dk* ds igys o"kZls NBs o"kZ
rdesa e'k% izdkf'kr gqvkA Jkyq ikBdksaus mls cgqr gh ilUn fd;k
 izdk'kdh; oO; 

rFkk mls i`Fkd~ xzUFkkdkjesa izdkf'kr djus ds fy;s eq>s ckj&ckj vuqjksk
fd;kA QyLo:i lEiw.kZ fgUnh Hkk"kkHkk"kh Jkyq turkds dY;k.kkFkZ rFkk
'kq Hkksads vkuUn fokkukFkZ vYi le;esa gh f}rh; laLdj.k lekIr
gksus ij ikBdksadh xgu #fp vkSj ekaxdh iwr gsrq ;g r`rh; laLdj.k
ikBdksads lkeus izLrqr fd;k x;kA
;|fi enh; ijekjk;re JhJhvkpk;Z nsous vius lEikndh;^izLrkouk*
esa xzUFk vkSj xzUFkdkjds oSf'k"V~; vkSj ifjp; vkfn lHkh egRoiw.kZ
fo"k;ksaij foLr`r :ils izdk'k Mkyk gS] rFkkfi eSa Hkh bl fo"k;esa nks
'kCn fy[kusdk yksHk laoj.k u dj ldkA eSa ikBdksadks xzUFk i<+usls
iwoZ ^izLrkouk* dks euksfuos'kiwoZd ikB djusds fy;s vuqjksk djrk gwA
blls ikBdksadks ijekFkZ&roesa izos'k djusesa ,d lqUnj fn'kk izkIr gks
ldsxh,slk esjk n`<+ fo'okl gSA
^tSokeZ* dgusls tho&lEcUkh keZ ;k thods keZdk ckssk gksrk gSA
ck n`f"Vls fofHkUu ns'kksadh fofHkUu tkfr;ksa ,oa fofHkUu oxksds euq";ksa]
i'kq&if{k;ksa] dhVirksa rFkk nwljs&nwljs fofHkUu izkf.k;ksads keZ fHkUu&fHkUu
n`f"Vxkspj gksusij Hkh vf[ky czk.Mksads fuf[ky tholewgdk fuR; vkSj
lukru&keZ ,d gSA tSokeZ&xzUFkesa blh lkoZf=d] lkoZdkfyd rFkk
lkoZtfud fuR;&keZ^tSokeZ* dk n;xzkgh lkksik o.kZu gSA blesa
osn] osnkUr] mifu"kn] Jhen~Hkkxor vkfn iqjk.k] czlw=] egkHkkjr]
bfrgkl] iapjk=] "kV~lUnHkZ] JhpSrU;pfjrke`r] Hkf&jlke`rflUkq vkSj
mTToyuhyef.k vkfn ln~xzUFkksads vfr'k; xEHkhj vkSj xgu fo"k;ksadk
lkj ljl] ljy dFkksidFku 'kSyhesa xkxjesa lkxjdh Hkkfr Hkjk gqvk
gSA
bl xzUFkesa lEcUk] vfHkks; vkSj iz;kstuds :iesa xzfFkr Hkxon~ro]
thoro] 'kfro] thodh c vkSj eq n'kk,] deZ] Kku vkSj Hkfdk
Lo:i ,oa rqyukRed fopkj] oSkh&jkxkuqxk Hkfdk flkUriw.kZ ljl
fopkj&oSf'k"V~; rFkk Jhuke&Hktudh loZJs"Brk vkfn fo"k;ksadk viwoZ
eked foospu gSA
;|fi JhxkSM+h; osnkUr lfefr }kjk izdkf'kr tSokeZ&xzUFkds caxyk
laLdj.kls iwoZ Lo;a xzUFkdkj] JhHkfflkUr ljLorh ^izHkqikn* rFkk muds
 tSokeZ

ijEijkxr ijorhZ xkSM+h; oS".kokpk;ks }kjk izdkf'kr lHkh laLdj.kksaesa

jl&fopkj lfgr lEiw.kZ xzUFk gh izdkf'kr gq, gSa] ijUrq vLenh;
ijekjk;re Jhy xq#iknius fdUgha fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksaesa gh bl xzUFkds
fuR;&uSfefkd keZ fopkj&ewyd izFke [k.M rFkk lEcUk&vfHkks;&iz;kstukRed
f}rh;&[k.Mdks ,d lkFk izdkf'kr fd;k Fkk_ jl&fopkj ewyd r`rh;
[k.Mdks izdkf'kr ugha fd;kA fdUrq ijorhsZdkyesa Jhds'koth xkSM+h;
eB] eFkqjkls fgUnh laLdj.k izdkf'kr gksusds le; Lo;a Jhy xq#iknius
lEiw.kZ xzUFkdk lEiknu fd;kA mUgksaus m laLdj.kdh Lofyf[kr
izLrkoukesa lqLi"V :ils jl&fopkj lEofyr r`rh; [k.Mds lEcUkesa
ikBdksals vfkdkjh&vufkdkjhdk fopkjdj lrdZ jgdj vuq'khyu
djusdk mins'k fn;k gSA blhfy, eSaus f}rh; laLdj.kesa lEiw.kZ xzUFkdks
,d= izdkf'kr gksus ij Li"Vhdj.k izLrqr djusdh dksbZ vko';drk
ugha le>hA
JhpSrU;pfjrke`rdh jpuk djrs le; jl&fopkjdk izl mifLFkr
gksus ij Jh".knkl dfojkt xksLokehds n;esa Hkh ,slh 'kk mRiUu
gqbZ Fkh fd jl&fopkjdks blesa lfEefyr fd;k tk; vFkok ugha_ D;ksafd
bls i<+dj vufkdkjh O;f;ksadk dgha vfgr u gks tk;sA fdUrq rR{k.kgh
mUgksaus jl&fopkjdks nsusdk fu'p; fd;k
;s lc flkUr xq<+ dfgrs u tq;k;A
uk dfgys] dsg bgkj vUr ukfg ik;AA
vr,o dfg fdNq dfj;k fuxw < + A
cqf>cs jfld Hk uk cwf>cs ew<+AA
, lc flkUr g; vkezsj iYyoA
Hkx.k&dks f dys j loZ n k cYyHkAA
vHk m"Vsj bFks uk g; izos'kA
rcs fpks g; eksj vkuUn fo'ks"kAA
(pS- p- vk- A&)
vFkkZr~ loZlkkkj.kds fudV fuxw<+ cztjldk izdk'k djuk loZnk
vuqfpr gS_ fdUrq bldk loZFkk izdk'k u djusij bl jgL;iw.kZ fo"k;ds
yqIr gks tkusdh Hkh lEHkkouk gSA uhe vkSj vkeds cxhps ,d lkFk
 izdk'kdh; oO; !

lfEefyr gksus ij Hkh dkS, uheds isM+ ij cSBdj fuEcksjhdk gh vkLoknu

djrs gSa vkSj jfld dks;y vkeds o`{k ij cSBdj ekqj vkeziYyo
,oa ekqj eatjhdk gh vkLoknu djrh gSA vr% jl&fopkj nsuk gh
mfpr gSA
fgUnh txr~esa vcrd oS".ko&keZds ijeksPp nk'kZfud flkUrksa ,oa
loksZR"V mikluk ifrdk rqyukRed cksk djusokys ,sls viwoZ lqUnj
,oa lokZiw.kZ xzUFkdk vHkko FkkA ^tSokeZ* fgUnh txr~esa bl vHkkodh
iwr dj nk'kZfud ,oa kked txr~esa fo'ks"kr% oS".ko txr~esa ;qxkUrj
mifLFkr djsxk] blesa lUnsg ughaA
izLrqr laLdj.kdh izfrfyfi izLrqr djus] izwQ la'kksku vkfn fofok
lsok dk;ksds fy, Jhvkseizdk'k cztoklh] ,e- ,-] ,y&,y- ch-]
lkfgR;jRu_ LusgkLin Jheku 'kqqHkkuUn czpkjh] Jheku izsekuUn czpkjh]
Jheku uohu".k czpkjh] Jheku lqkUo czpkjh] Jheku ".kpUnz
czpkjh] Jheku vuax eksgu czpkjh] Jheku 'kqHk".k czpkjh rFkk
blds fy, iw.kZ vkFkd lsokds fy, Jheku ".k xksfoUn czpkjh vkfndh
lsok izps"Vk ljkguh; ,oa fo'ks"k mYys[k ;ksX; gSA JhJhxq#xkSjkax xkUkodk
fxfjkkjh bu lcij izpqj ik vk'khokZn o"kZ.k djsa;gh muds Jhpj.kksaesa
izkFkZuk gSA
bl xzUFkesa ;fn dksbZ Hkwy n`f"Vxkspkj gks rks ikjekFkd ikBdx.k
futxq.kksa ls {kek djsaxs rFkk la'kksku dj xzUFkdk lkj xzg.k dj ckfkr
djsaxsA

Jhds'koth xkSM+h; eB JhJhxq#&oS".ko&ikys'k izkFkhZ

iks-eFkqjk (m- iz-) f=nf.M fHk{kq
lEor~ JhHkf osnkUr ukjk;.k
 " tSokeZ

prqFkZ laLdj.kdk lEikndh; oO;

JhJhxq#&xkSjk ,oa JhJhjkkkfouksnfogkjhthdh vlhe vuqdEikls fgUnh
tSokeZdk prqFkZ laLdj.k ikBdksads le{k izLrqr djrs gq, vikj g"kZ
gks jgk gSA vYi le;esa gh bl xzUFkdk r`rh; laLdj.k fu%'ks"k gks tkuk
gh bldh vR;Ur yksdfiz;rkdk izek.k gSA fo'ks"kr% fo'odh lHkh izeq[k
Hkk"kkvksaesa bldk :ikUrj gks jgk gS rFkk loZ= izpkj gks jgk gS] ;g
Hkh bldh yksdfiz;rkdk izek.k gSA r`rh; laLdj.kdh =qfV;ksadks lqkkj
dj dEiwVj }kjk bldh dEikstx djkdj vkd"kZd vkSj lqUnj :iesa
bls Niok;k tk jgk gSA vk'kk gS ;g xzUFk nk'kZu ,oa Hktu jkT;esa
vk, vfHkuo vHkkodh iwrdj ikBdksadk dY;k.klkku djsxkA
izLrqr laLdj.kdh izfrfyfi izLrqr djus] izqQ la'kksku vkfn fofok
lsok dk;ksds fy, Jhvkseizdk'k oztoklh] ,e- ,-] ,y&,y- ch-]
JhefosnkUr ekko egkjkt] Jheku~ iqjUnj nkl czpkjh] ijes'ojh
nkl czpkjh] gfjfiz; nkl czpkjh] lqcyl[kk nkl czpkjh] Jherh o`Unknsoh
nklh] 'kkfUrnsoh nklh vkfndh lsok ps"Vk vR;Ur iz'kaluh; gSA
JhJhxq#&xkSjk&xkUkodk&fxfjkkjh bu lcij izpqj ik vk'khokZn o"kZ.k
djsa;gh muds Jhpj.kksaesa izkFkZuk gSA
bl xzUFkesa dksbZ Hkwy fn[kk;h iM+s rks ikjekFkd ikBdx.k futxq.kksals
{kek djsaxs rFkk la'kksku dj xzUFkdk lkj xzg.k dj ckfkr djsaxsA
vyefrfoLrjs.kA

JhJhxq#&oS".ko&ikys'k izkFkhZ
dkrd iw.kek] laor~ f=nf.MfHk{kq
o`Unkou HkfosnkUr ukjk;.k
 vuqef.kdk #

fo"k;&vuqef.kdk
v/;k; fo"k; i`"B
igyk thodk fuR; vkSj uSfefkd /keZ
nwljk thodk fuR; /keZ 'kq vkSj lukru gS
rhljk uSfefkd /keZ vlEiw.kZ] gs;] feJ vkSj
vfpjLFkk;h gS
pkSFkk fuR;/keZdk ukekUrj oS".ko /keZ gS
ikpok oS/khHkffuR;/keZ gS] uSfefkd ugha
NBk fuR;/keZ rFkk tkfr vkSj o.kZ vkfndk Hksn
lkrok fuR;/keZ vkSj lalkj
vkBok fuR;/keZ vkSj O;ogkj
uok fuR;/keZ vkSj izkr foKku rFkk lH;rk
nlok fuR;/keZ vkSj bfrgkl
X;kjgok fuR;/keZ vkSj ikSkfydrk
ckjgok fuR;/keZ vkSj lk/ku
rsjgok izek.k&fopkj vkSj izes; izkjEHk
pkSngok izes;ds vUrxZr 'kf fopkj
iUgok izes;ds vUrxZr tho rodk fopkj
lksygok izes;ds vUrxZr ek;k&xzflr tho
rodk foospu
l=gok izes;ds vUrxZr ek;kls eq
thoksadk fopkj
vBkjgok izes;ds vUrxZr HksnkHksn fopkj
mUuhlok izes;ds vUrxZr vfHk/ks; fopkj
chlok izes;ds vUrxZr vfHk/ks; fopkj
oS/k lk/ku&Hkf
bDdhlok izes;ds vUrxZr vfHk/ks;
fopkjjkxkuqxkHkf
ckbZlok izes;ds vUrxZr iz;kstu rodk fopkj
vkjEHk
 $ tSokeZ

v/;k; fo"k; i`"B

rsbZlok izes;ds vUrxZr uke rodk fopkj
pkSchlok izes;ds vUrxZr ukekijk/kdk fopkj
iPphlok izes;ds vUrxZr ukekijk/k (ukekHkkl)
dk fopkj
NCchlok jl&fopkj (izkjfEHkd)
lkkblok jl&fopkj (lkfod ,oa O;fHkpkjh Hkko
,oa jR;kHkkl)
vkblok jl&fopkj (eq[; jfr)
mUrhlok jl&fopkj (fofHkUu jlksads vuqHkkokfn]
'kkUr] nkL;] l[;dk o.kZu)
rhlok e/kqj&jl&fopkj (okRlY; vkSj e/kqj)
bdrhlok e/kqj jl&fopkj (e/kqj jlds uk;d
".kdk Lo:i] Lodh;k ukf;dk,)
ckhlok e/kqj&jl&fopkj (ijdh;k ukf;dk,)
rSrhlok e/kqj&jl&fopkj (Jhjk/kkdk Lo:i] ikp
izdkjdh lf[k;k] nwrh)
pkaSrhlok e/kqj&jl&fopkj (l[khHksn] lf[k;ksaesa rkjrE;)
iSarhlok e/kqj&jl&fopkj (e/kqj jlds mhiu)
Nkhlok e/kqj&jl&fopkj (e/kqj jlesa LFkk;hHkko]
jfrdk e&fodkl)
lSarhlok k`kj&jl&fopkj
(k`kjdk Lo:i] foizyaHk)
vM+rhlok k`kj&jl&fopkj (eq[; laHkksx]
v"Vdkyh; yhyk)
murkyhlok yhyk&izos'k&fopkj
pkyhlok lEifk&fopkj
QyJqfr

III
 vuqef.kdk %

([k) laLr 'yksdksa ,oa x|ksadh

vuqef.kdk
(v) vfi psr~ lqnqjkpkjks ]
v{k;a g oS v;a vkRek
v?kfPNr~ Lej.ka v;a usrk---prq"V;e~ &
vheq[;% vpkZ;keso gj;s ]]
vfpUR;k% [kyq vorkjkoyhchta
vtkesdka yksfgr vo'ksukfi ;UukfEu
vKkufrfejkU/kL; voS".koksifn"Vsu
v.kqH;'po`gn~H;'p v'kkSpeu`raLrs;a
vr vkR;fUrda vJ/kkus foeq[ks
vrorksU;Fkkcqf% v'oRFk rqylh
vrF;kfu forF;kfu v"Vkn'kegknks"kS%
vryRoknikjRokr~ vlR;a ks/k
vFkok cgquSrsu vl}k bnexz
vFkkfi rs nso vln~fHk% lg
v| okCn'krkUrs ok vLFkwy'pku.kq'pSo
vuU; xr;ks e;kZ vLekUek;h l`trs
vukfn oklukskl vgLrkfu
vUrxZrksfi vga czkfLe ]]]
vU/ka re% izfo'kfUr vglk lR;eLrs;e~
vU;kfHkykf"krk 'kwU;a ] vgks cr 'oipks
vijh{;ksifn"Va (vk)
vijs;ferLRoU;ka vkpk;Zoku~ iq#"kks
vi';a xksike~ ] vkKk;So xq.kku~
vikf.k iknks touks vkRedksfV xq.ka
 & tSokeZ

vkRekigr ikIek ,"k eksga

vkRekueso fiz;e~ ,oa l nsoks Hkxoku~ ]
vkRek ok vjs ] ,oesoS"k lEizlkn%
vkReSons a (,s)
vkR;fUrdkf/kdRokfn ,s'o;Z ;ksxkn~
vk/k;ks O;k/k;ks ,s'o;ZL; lexzL;
vkuUnfpUe; (vks)
vkuqdwyL; ladYi% vkL; tkuUrks
vkEuk;% izkg rRlr~
vk'kkHkjSje`rflU/kq reqLrkssrkj%
vkfLrD;a nkufu"Bk ina nsoL;
vkL; tkuUrks uke czfo|kIuksfr
(b) (d)
bfr lafpUR; dkekn~ }s"kkn~
bneso fg dkysu u"Vk ]
(bZ) d dfj";fr lka[;su
bZ'kkokL;fena frlk;k Hkosr~
bZ'ojs rn/khus"kq ] rs ;n~/;k;rks
(m) ".ka Leju~
miokls rq ".ksfr eaxya
() dsu da i';sr
pks{kjs dks ;sokU;kr~
.kesrr~ dkSekja iapekCnkUra
(,) Dys'k?uh 'kqHknk
,deso ijea roa DokI;fpUR;
,desokf}rh;a ] f{kiza Hkofr /kekZRek
,dkso'kh loZx% {kh.ks iq.;s eR;Zyksda
,rr~ "kM~oxZ gj.ka (x)
,r|ksuhfu Hkwrkfu xq.kkfo#k vI;srs
,rs pka'kdyk% xqjksjI;ofyIrL;
 vuqef.kdk '

xqjksjoKk rekgqjxz~;
x`ghr fo".kqnh{kkdks reso /khjks
xksdqyk[;s ekFkqj rdkZizfr"Bkukr~
xksdksVh nkua xzg.ks rfLeUegUeq[kfjrk
xksios'ka lRiq.Mjhd rLeS r`.ka fun/kk
xksios'k/kj%---lUn'kZuksRlqd% rL; ok ,rL;
xksI;% dkekn~ rL;S"k vkRek
(N) rkEcwykiZ.k&iknenZu
NUnkafl ;Kk% rkor~ dekZf.k dqohZr
NUu% dykS rk ok;Zek.kk%
(t) rk'p nqX/ok---pks";kfndkfu p
txr~ O;kikjoTt rklka e/;s lk{kkr~
tus psTtkrHkkosfi rhFkZdksVh lgkf.k
tkrJks eRdFkklq r`.kknfi lquhpsu ]]
thfora fo".kqHkL; rstks oya /k`fr%
Kkua es ijea xqa rs /;ku;ksxkuqxrk
(r) rsu izksk
rrks Hktsr eka rsusna iw.k
rrks oS lntk;r rs"o'kkUrs"kq ew<s"kq
roefl ] ] ] Ro;ksiHkq x~
rFkk u rs ek/ko Roka uRok
rnkRekua Lo;edq#r Roekjk/; rFkk
rnstfr rUuStfr (n)
rn~;Fkk egkeRL; nku&ozr&riLrhFkZ
rf}KkukFk fnO;s cziqjs
rf}".kks% ijea ina nqYyZ~?; okD; iz[kjk
rUekrq%---leq|rk nso"k HkwrkIru`.kka ]
rifLoH;ksf/kdks nSoh s"kk xq.ke;h
rekReLFka ;suqi';fUr };ksjsdrjL;sg
ro o{kfl jk/kkga }k lqi.kkZ
! tSokeZ

(/k) fuR;ksfuR;kuka ] ] ]
/kU;L;k;a uo% funksZ"k&xq.k&foxzg
/keZozrR;kxgqrkfn fu'kkUr% izkr%
/k`fr% {kek neksLrs;a usg ukukfLr
/;k;u~ rs ;tu uSrn'kda foKkrqa
(u) uS"kka efrLrkonq#ek~f?kz
ua gfo";kUua us"kk rdsZ.k ] ]
u rL; dk; ] (i)
u ns'k fu;eLrfLeu~ ijdh;kfHkekfuU;---egkfuf'k
u /ke uk/ke ijekuUnlUnksgk
u eqpsPNj.kk;krefi ijO;kses'ojL;klhr~---izokr%
u es fiz;'prqosZnh ijk[;k;k% 'ksji`Fkd~
u jks/k;fr eka ;ksxks ijkfp [kkfu O;r`.kr~
u yksdosnksfnr ijkL; 'kfofo/kSo ]
u ok vjs ifjp;kZ rq lsoksidj.kkfn
u Le;kfu rhFkkZfu ijh{; yksdku~
ukr% ija deZ iknkS gjs%
ukU;r~ i';kfe ik'kkscks HkosTtho%
uke fpUrkef.k% iqjk.ka ekuoks
uke&ladhrZua fo".kks% iquLrsuSo xPNfUr
ukekijk/k ;qkuka iw.kZen% iw.kZfena
ukeSda ;L; okfp izKkua cz ] ] ]
ukEukedkfj iz.k;yfyrueZLQkj
ukEuksL; ;korh izrkih /kked%
ukEuks cykn~ ;L; iz/kku{ks=Kifr%
uk;ekRek izopusu ] izHkq% d% dks tho%
ukjk;.kdyk% 'kkUrk% izo`fkjs"kk Hkwrkuka
ukjk;.k txUukFk izLFkkI;rs e;k---fuTkkfyfHk%
ukjk;.kkP;qrkuUr izk.kks s"k ;%
ukga eU;s izkr'p cksf/krk---foHktknu~
 vuqef.kdk !

izk;f'pkkfu ph.kkZfu eka fg ikFkZ O;kikfJR; ]

izk;ks eqeq{koLrs"kka ] ek pks ek ;tq%
izse&lkSHkkX; ek/kq;kZnfie/kqja
izsektuPNqfjr ek;kdfyrrkn`d~
izksDrsu Hkf;ksxsu ek;kUrq izr
izks|u~---vrka oztsr ek;koknelPNkL=a
(c) ek gL;kr~
czk.MdksfV---bR;kfnfHkxq.kS% eh;rs vu;k
czk nsokuka izFke% ] eqdqUnfyky;&n'kZus
czk.k% {kf=;ks oS';% eqkukefi flkuka ]
(Hk) eqfgRokU;Fkk&:ia
HkfjL; Hktua eq[kckgw:iknsH;%
HkfLrq Hkxolsu ] eq[;Lrq ip/kk 'kkar%
Hkxofr p eq[;LRoRoeklk|
HkokioxksZ Hkzer% ] ] eqgqjgks jfldk
Hkkok% losZ rnkHkklk eksgLrUk Hkzeks
fHk|rs n;xzfUFk% (;)
Hkwrkfu ;kfUr ; ,dkso.kksZ
Hkwfejkiksuyks ] ; ,dks tkyokuh'kr
(e) ; ,"kka iq#"ka
ek% ijrja ;r~ deZfHk;Zkilk
e/kqje/kqjesrUeya ] ;rks ok bekfu
e/;kks ;kfeuh pksHkkS ;rks okpks
e/;s o`Unkous----feFk% ;RusukikfnrksI;FkZ%
e;k/;{ks.k izfr ;FkkXus% {kqnzk foLQqfyk
e;U;su Hkkosu ;FkkrF;rksFkkZu~
egku~ izHkqoSZ iq#"k% ;Fkk ;FkkRek ifje`T;rs ]
egkUra foHkqa ;Fkk ;Fkk gjsukZe
egkikrd;qksfi ;Fkk lkSfef=HkjrkS
egkizlkns xksfoUns ;nH;P;Z gj
! tSokeZ

;nk Hkzke Hkzkea jlkuka leosrkuka

;nk ;L;kuqx`kfr jlks oS l% ]
;nk oS Jkkfr jk{klk% dfyekfJR;
;nhPNsjkokla jktlw;k'oes/kkuka
;n~xRok u fuokZUrs jk/kk".kiz.k; fofrkZfnuh
;n~;f}HkwfreRloa jk/k;k Hkor'p
;n~ foKkrs (y)
;}Srr~ lqra ykylks}sxtkx;kZ
;UukedhkZuQya yksds O;ok;kfe"ke|lsok
;Uuke/ks;afez;ek.k (o)
;Uuke lr~ Jo.kkr~ onfUr rkofon%
;Lekr~ ija u oja gqrogTokyk
;L; nsos ijkHkf% ] ojh;ku~ cyoku~
;L; eq[;L; ;ks Hkks o.kkZukekJek.kkp
;L; ;r~ lfr% iql a ks ] foizkn~ f}"kM~xq.k;qrkr~ ]
;L; ;Yy{k.ka izksa foeq laHkzek ;k
;L;kRecqf% dq.kis ] foJaHkks xk<+ fo'oklfo'ks"kks
;kork L;kr~ fo".kks;Zr~ ijea ine~
;koks ek;;k Li`"Vk fo".kksjsdSda
;sU;sjfoUnk{k ] ] fol`tfr n;a
;suk{kj iq#"ka osn os|a okLroe=
;ksu/khR; f}tks O;rhR; HkkoukoReZ ]
;ksxek;keqikfJr% ozrkfu ;Kk'NUnkafl
;ksfxukefi losZ"kka ] ('k)
;ks ok ,rn{kja ] 'kf&'kferksjHksn%
;ks osn fufgra 'keksneLri% 'kkSpa
;ks O;f U;k;jfgre~ f'koL; Jhfo".kks;Z
(j) 'kqJw"k.ka f}t xoka
jtksfHk% lela[;krk% ] 'kwnza ok Hkxoa
jlkUrjs.k O;o/kkS 'oipksfi eghiky
 vuqef.kdk !!

'ofoM~ojkgks"V lo [kfYona ]
';kekPNcya izi|s ] lo ef;ksxsu
Jk RoU;ksik;oTt lo srn~
Jo.ka dhkZua fo".kks% loZ= loZdkys"kq
Jo.kksRdhkZuknhfu loZFkSo nq#gks;eHkS%
Jqfr% ".kk[;kua loZ/kekZu~ ifjR;T; ]
JqfrLe`friqjk.kkfn loZ/keksZfT>rk%
JqfrLe`fr&iqjk.ks"kq loZHkwrs"kq ;% i';sr~ ]
Jqrsfi ukeekgkRE;s loZ&jksxksi'kea
(l) loZs fuR;k% 'kk'or'p
l beku yksdku~ loZs osnk ;Rine~
l ,s{kr l oS eu%
laxE;----xoka i;% l oS kfnU;k;k%
lalsO; n'kewya lg ukEuka iq.;kuka
lks ;% lal`rs lksR;a ikfjgkL;a
l tgkfr er lk p 'kj.kkifky{k.kk
l pkuUrk; dYirs lkUizsejlS% Iyqrk
lrorksU;Fkk&cqf% lkiRuksPp;jT;nqTToy
lrka fuUnk lkfi ".ka oua---xoka oztrs ~
lrka izlkUee ] ] lsok lk/kd:is.k
lR;a KkueuUra cz ] lks'uqrs lokZu~ ]
lR;a KkueuUra ;r~ LFkkus f"kds'k
lR;a 'kkSpa n;k ekSua LQqfyk% kXusfjo
lnso lkSE;snexz LekZO;% lrra fo".kq%
l i;ZxkPNqe~ L;kn`<s;a jfr%
l fo'on~ fo'ofor~ LodeZQyHkqd~
lekus o`{ks iq#"kks fueXuks ] Lor% flks osnks
l e`X;% Js;lka gsrq% Lo;wFks ;wFkukFkSo
le`feku {kek'khy% Lo:ikFkSZghZuku~
lEiznk; foghuk Lo:ikoLFkkus
!" tSokeZ

LoxZdkeks'oes/ka gjs ".k gjs ".k ] ]

LoYikfn #fp% gjs ds'ko xksfoUn
LokxeS% dfYirS% gjsukZeSo ukeSo
Los Losf/kdkjs ;k fu"Bk gjs% 'ks%
(g) gk ukFk xksdqy lq/kkdj
gfUr funfUr oS gkL;kwrLFkk%
gfjLRosda roa

(x) i|ka'kksadh vuqe.krk

(v) d.kZjU/kz iFk fn;k
vfpjs ikbcs HkkbZ dkdqfr dfj;k ".ks
vr,o ekyh vkKk fdNq uk cqf>rs fnyk
vUrjs fu"Bk dj fdok foiz fdok U;klh
vU; okNk vU; iwtk dkSu tkurk tufu
vfofpUR;'kf ;q ".k vkek; ikys j{ks
vlk/kq laxs HkkbZ ".k rkjs nsu
(vk) ".kuke bPNke;
vkfe fl ".knkl ".kuke fpUrkef.k
(b) ".kuke /kjs drcy
b"kr~ fodf'k iqu% ".k&cfgeZq[k gkk
(,) ".k Hkfj vuqdwy
,b :i lalkj Hkzfers ".k Hkwfy lsbZ tho
,b 'kq Hkf ".k eU= ti lnk
,dkUr ljy Hkkos ".k eU= gSrs gcs
(d) dsans cys vksgs ".k
d.Bs eksj Hks Loj (x)
dHkq ukekHkkl g; x`gLFk oSjkxh nqgs
dHkq jktk dHkq iztk xksjkin vkJ; djg
dHkq LoxsZ dHkq e;sZ xkSjtu lax dj
dfj ,r mio
 vuqef.kdk !#

(p) (e)
p{ks /kkjk nsgs ?keZ edZV oSjkX; uk dj
fpRd.ktho ek;kds fiNus jkf[k
(t) ewNr gby eu
thosj Lo:i g; eksjs fl nsg fn;k
Kku Hkksx ps"Vk NkM+ (;)
(r) ;fn dfjcs ".k uke
rFkkfi vfpUR;'ks ;fn pkg iz.k; jkf[krs
rkj e/;s loZJs"B (y)
(n) ybuq vkJ; ;kj
nl vijk/k R;t eku (o)
(u) oLrqr% ifj.kkeokn
ukpks xkoks Hk ls fo"k; oklukuys
ukukjRu jkf'k g; oSjkxh HkkbZ xzkE; dFkk
uke fcuk dfydkys ('k)
ukesj cykbZ ;r 'kq Hkf gSrs g;
fut ro tkfu 'kwU; LFky nsf[k yksdsj
fuR;fl ".kizse Jo.kkfn f;k rkj
(i) Jh".kpSrU; izHkq
izkr oLrqrs ;fn Jh".kpSrU; JhizHkq
fi'kkph ikbys ;su efr (l)
iw.kZ fodf'kr gkk lb! dsok lqukby ".kuke
izsesj dfydk uke lIrrky nsf[k izHkq
(c) l'kjhjs rky xsy
cM+ gfjnklsj U;k; lk/kq ikok d"V cM+
cthos ik dfj lk/kqlaxs ".kuke
cgq vax lk/kus Loiusvks uk dj HkkbZ
(Hk) (g)
Hktusj e/;s Js"B gfj gj;s ue%
Hkky uk [kkbcs n; gbrs cys
!$
(?k) lkadsfrd fpksadh vuqef.kdk
v-vUR;yhyk] v/;k;
vuq-vuqPNsn
vUR;-vUR;yhyk
vk-vkfnyhyk] vkfn[k.M]
vkuUnoYyh
vk- vuqvkuUnoYyh vuqPNsn
vkfnvkfn yhyk
bZ'kkokL;bZ'kksifu"kn~
,sr,srjs;ksifu"kn~
dBdBksifu"kr~
dkR;kcdkR;k;u lafgrk
ds- m-dsuksifu"kr~
xk#M+-x#M+ iqjk.k
xh-Jhexon~xhrk
xhrkJhexon~xhrk
pS- p-JhpSrU;pfjrke`r
pS- Hkk-JhpSrU;Hkkxor
pS- p- v-JhpSrU;pfjrke`r
vUR;yhyk
pS- p- vk-JhpSrU;pfjrke`r
vkfnyhyk
pS- p- e-JhpSrU;pfjrke`r
e;yhyk
tSokeZ
Nk-NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~
rS- vk-rSfkjh;ksifu"kr~ vkuUnoYyh
rS- cz-rSfkjh; czkuUnoYyh
rS- Hk`xq- vuq-rSfkjh; Hk`xqoYyh
vuqPNsn
n- y-nf{k.k ygjh
n'kewyn'kewy f'k{kk
ukjlgu`lg iqjk.k
i-ioZ
ikiiqjk.k
fo-foykl
Hk- j- fl-Hkf jlke`r flU/kq
iw- y-iwoZ ygjh
Hkh- i-Hkh"e ioZ
e-eU=] e/;yhyk
ek- m-ek.MwD; mifu"kr~
eq-eq.Mdksifu"kr~
'os-'osrk'orjksifu"kr~
LdkUnLdUniwjk.k
g- Hk- fo-gfjHkffoykl