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Culture Documents
Solutions to a) exercises
Foundations
Topic A
EA.1(a)
EA.8(a) (i) CO2 is a linear, nonpolar molecule. (ii) SO2 is a bent, polar molecule. (iii)
N2O is linear, polar molecule. (iv) SF4 has a seesaw molecule and it is a polar
molecule.
EA.9(a) In the order of increasing dipole moment: CO2, N2O, SF4, SO2
EA.10(a) (i) Mass is an extensive property. (ii) Mass density is an intensive property.
(iii) Temperature is an intensive property. (iv) Number density is an intensive property.
EA.16(a) T = 310.2 K
EA.17(a) / C = 5 9 ( F / F 32 ) or F 173 F
F / F = 9 5 / C + 32 , =
EA.19(a) S8
Topic B
zeE
EB.2(a) sterminal =
6 R
EB.7(a) 2.40 V
EB.10(a) 128 J
EB.11(a) 2.4194 J K 1 g 1
17
EB.17(a) (i) 1.6 10 (ii) 0.021
EB.21(a) 1.07
EB.22(a) 1.25
EB.23(a) 0.47 kJ
Topic C
Chapter 1
Topic 1A
E1A.1(a) 24 atm, no
E1A.3(a) 30 lb in-2
E1A.5(a) 0.50 m3
E1A.8(a) S8
E1A.9(a) 6.2 kg
E1A.10(a) (i) 0.762, 0.238, 0.752 bar, 0.235 bar (ii) 0.782, 0.208, 0.0099 bar, 0.772 bar,
0.205 bar
E1A.12(a) 273oC
E1A.13(a) (i) 0.67, 0.33 (ii) 2.0 atm, 1.0 atm (iii) 3.0 atm
Topic 1B
E1B.3(a) 0.00687
E1B.5(a) (i) 475 m s-1 (ii) 8.3 10-8 m (iii) 8.1 10-9 s-1
E1B.6(a) Pa
0.195
Topic 1C
E1C.8(a) (i) 3.64 103 K, 8.7 atm (ii) 2.62 103 K, 4.5 atm (iii) 47K,
0.18 atm
Chapter 2
Topic 2A
1 1
E2A.1(a) (i) 72 R , 8.671 kJ mol (ii) 3R , 7.436 kJ mol (iii) 7R , 17.35 kJ mol1
E2A.2(a) (i) Pressure, (ii) temperature, and (iv) enthalpy are state functions.
E2A.3(a) 75 J
Topic 2B
1 1
E2B.1(a) 30 J K1 mol1, 22 J K mol
E2B.2(a) (i) 1.07 104 J = +10.7 kJ , 0.624 103 J = 0.624 kJ , +10.1kJ (ii) +10.7 kJ ,
+10.1 kJ , w = 0 , +10.1 kJ
Topic 2C
E2C.6(a) (i) 114.40 kJ mol1 , 111.92 kJ mol1 (ii) 92.31kJ mol1 , 241.82 kJ mol-1
E2C.8(a) (i) +131.29 kJ mol1 , +128.81kJ mol1 (ii) +134.14 kJ mol1 , +130.17 kJ mol1
Topic 2D
Topic 2E
E2E.2(a) 13 1 K
E2E.4(a) 194 J
Chapter 3
Topic 3A
E3A.2(a) Tc = 191.2 K
E3A.4(a) I2(g)
E3A.5(a) 3.1 J K 1
E3A.9(a) H =
0 , +2.7 J K 1 , H tot =
0
E3A.12(a) S =92.2 J K 1
Topic 3B
E3B.1(a) (i) 9.13 J K1 mol1 (ii) 13.4 J K1 mol1 (iii) 14.9 J K1 mol1
E3B.2(a) (i) 386.1J K 1 mol1 (ii) +92.6 J K 1 mol1 (iii) 153.1J K 1 mol1
Topic 3C
E3C.1(a) (i) -521.5 kJ mol1 (ii) +25.8 kJ mol-1 (iii) 178.7kJ mol1
E3C.4(a) (i) 522.1kJ mol1 (ii) +25.78 kJ mol 1 (iii) 178.6 kJ mol1
Topic 3D
E3D.1(a) 17 J
E3D.2(a) 36.5 J K 1
Chapter 4
Topic 4A
E4A.1(a) (a) Single phase (b) two phases (c) three phases (d) two
phases
E4A.2(a) 0.71 J
E4A.3(a) 4
Topic 4B
E4B.3(a) 70 J mol1
E4B.10(a) 25 g s 1
E4B.12(a) (i) +4.9 104 J mol1 = +49 kJ mol1 (ii) 215C , +101 J K 1 mol1
E4B.13(a) 272.80 K
E4B.14(a) 0.0763
Chapter 5
Topic 5A
Topic 5B
E5B.2(a) 85 g mol1
E5B.4(a) 0.09C
E5B.8(a) 87 kg mol-1
Topic 5C
E5C.7(a) (ii) 620 Torr (iii) 490 Torr (iv) 0.50, 0.72 (v) 0.50, 0.30
Chapter 6
Topic 6A
E6A.2(a) 0.64 kJ
E6A.6(a) (i) 68.26 kJ mol1 , 9.13 1011 (ii) 1.32 109 , 69.8 kJ mol1
E6A.7(a) = K c ( c O RT / p O )
K
E6A.8(a) (i)
A B C D Total
Initial amounts / mol 1.00 2.00 0 1.00 4.00
Stated change / mol +0.90
Implied change / mol 0.60 0.30 +0.90 +0.60
Equilibrium amounts / mol 0.40 1.70 0.90 1.60 4.60
Mole fractions 0.087 0.370 0.196 0.348 1.001
Topic 6B
E6B.3(a) 50%
E6B.6(a) 1110 K
Topic 6C
Topic 6D
Chapter 7
Topic 7A
E7A.1(a) (i) 6.6 1019 J , 4.0 102 kJ mol1 (ii) 6.6 1020 J , 40 kJ mol1 (iii)
6.6 1034 J , 4.0 1013 kJ mol1
E7A.2(a)
/ nm E / aJ Em / (kJ mol1)
E7A.3(a)
E7A.4(a) 21 m s 1
E7A.9(a) 0.024 m s 1
E7A.10(a) 332 pm
Topic 7B
1/ 2
1
E7B.3(a) N =
2
E7B.4(a) (1 / 2 ) d
1
E7B.5(a)
2
Topic 7C
E7C.1(a) V = 1
2 kf x 2
L
E7C.5(a)
2
27 1
E7C.7(a) 1.11028 m s , 1.110 m
E7C.8(a) 700 pm
1
E7C.9(a) (i) (ii) 2x
x2
Chapter 8
Topic 8A
E8A.1(a) 5 1020 J
E8A.2(a) Aeikx
E8A.3(a) (i) 1.81 1019 J , 1.13 eV , 9100 cm 1 , 109 kJ mol1 (ii) 6.6 1019 J ,
4.1 eV , 33 000 cm 1 , 400 kJ mol1
h2
E8A.5(a)
4 L2
1 1
E8A.6(a) L2 2
3 2
h
E8A.7(a) = C
81/ 2 me c 81/2
L L 5L
E8A.8(a) , and
6 2 6
E8A.9(a) 17.4%
2kTmL2 1
E8A.10(a)
h2 2
E8A.12(a) 3
E8A.13(a) 0.8
Topic 8B
E8B.2(a) 278 N m 1
E8B.3(a) 2.64 m
E8B.8(a)
Topic 8C
E8C.1(a) 0,
1/ 2
1
E8C.2(a)
2
E8C.8(a) 7
Chapter 9
Topic 9A
2
E9A.2(a) N=
a03 2
E9A.3(a) 4a0 , r = 0.
E9A.4(a) r = 0.35a0
a0
E9A.7(a) 5.24
E9A.8(a) r = 2a0 / Z
Topic 9B
Topic 9C
E9C.3(a) 14.0 eV
E9C.6(a) l =1
3
E9C.9(a) D3 , 3 D 2 , 3 D1 , 1D 2 , 3 D set of terms are the lower in energy
Chapter 10
Topic 10A
E10A.2(a) =a VB + b H F + c H F
+ +
1/2 1/2
E10A.6(a) N=3 ,=3 (s + 21/2p)
Topic 10B
1/ 2
1
E10B.1(a) N = 2
1 + 2 S +
E10B.4(a) u, g
Topic 10C
E10C.1(a) (i) 1g2, b=1 (ii) 1g21u2, b=0 (iii) 1g21u21u4, b=2
E10C.2(a) C2
E10C.3(a) F2+
E10C.5(a) 1g, 1u, 1u, 1u, 2g, 1g, 1g, 1u, 1u, 1u, 2g, 1g, 1g, 2u
E10C.6(a) 4 105 m s 1
Topic 10D
E10D.3(a) NO+
Topic 10E
Chapter 11
Topic 11A
E11A.7(a)
m,n 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 2,3 2,6 2,7
E11A.8(a) i, h
Topic 11B
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
E11B.1(a) D( h ) =
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
E11B.2(a) 0 0 1 0 = D( S )
0 0 0 1 3
0 1 0 0
Topic 11C
E11C.4(a) no N orbitals, d xy
E11C.6(a) 2A1 + B1 + E
E11C.7(a) (i) Either E1u or A2u (ii) B3u ( x -polarized) , B2u ( y -polarized) , B1u ( z polarized)
E11C.8(a) zero
Chapter 12
Topic 12A
E12A.2(a) 82.9 %
E12A.9(a) (i) 5 107 dm3 mol1 cm 2 (ii) 2.5 106 dm3 mol1 cm 2
E12A.10(a) 0.9999
Topic 12B
E12B.3(a) (i) Asymmetric (ii) oblate symmetric (iii) spherical (iv) prolate symmetric
4 1
E12B.5(a) 2.073 10 cm , 0.1253
Topic 12C
E12C.3(a) 127.4 pm
E12C.6(a) (iii) CH4 is inactive, (i), (ii), and (iv) are active.
E12C.7(a) 20 475cm 1
E12C.8(a) 198.9 pm
5
E12C.9(a)
3
Topic 12D
E12D.2(a) 1.077 %
E12D.3(a) 328.7 N m 1
E12D.7(a) 5.13 eV
Topic 12E
E12E.3(a) 127
E12E.4(a) 1
2 ( v1 + v2 + v3 )
E12E.8(a) A1 , B1 and B2 are infrared active, all modes are Raman active
Chapter 13
Topic 13A
E13A.1(a) 3, u
E13A.2(a) (i) Allowed (ii) allowed (iii) forbidden (iv) forbidden (v) allowed
2 2 2 ax02 /3
E13A.3(a) e
3
2
1 4
E13A.4(a) 3+
32
E13A.5(a) 1
2 ( B '+ B ) / ( B ' B )
E13A.6(a) 1
2 ( B '+ B ) / ( B ' B ) 1 , 7
E13A.7(a) 30.4 cm 1 < B ' < 40.5 cm 1 , greater
O = P v , 14 10 cm
3 1
E13A.8(a)
1/ 2
3 a3
E13A.9(a)
8 b 12 a
E13A.10(a) 1
4 e 1/16 a
Topic 13B
Topic 13C
E13C.2(a) 20 ps , 70 MHz
Chapter 14
Topic 14A
E14A.1(a) s-1 T -1
E14A.2(a) 54.74
9.133 1035 J s , 5.273 1035 J s , 0.9553 rad =
E14A.8(a) 13
E14A.9(a) 2 102 T , 10 mT
Topic 14B
Topic 14C
E14C.2(a) 0.21 s
E14C.3(a) 1.234
Topic 14D
E14D.1(a) 2.0022
E14D.3(a) Equal intensity , 330.2 mT, 332.2 mT, 332.8 mT, 334.8 mT
E14D.6(a) I= 3
2
Chapter 15
Topic 15A
E15A.1(a) 21621600
E15A.3(a) 1
E15A.4(a) 524 K
E15A.5(a) 7.43
E15A.6(a) 354 K
Topic 15B
E15B.1(a) (i) 8.23 1012 m , 8.23 pm , 2.60 1012 m , 2.60 pm (ii) 1.79 1027 , 5.67 1028
E15B.2(a) 0.3574
E15B.3(a) 72.2
E15B.5(a) 18 K
E15B.6(a) 37 K
E15B.7(a) 4.5 K
E15B.9(a) 660.6
E15B.10(a) 4500 K
E15B.11(a) 2.571
E15B.12(a) 42.3
Topic 15C
E15C.2(a) 18.5 K
E15C.3(a) 25 K
E15C.4(a) 4.5 K
E15C.5(a) 4600 K
E15C.6(a) 10500 K
E15C.7(a) 6500 K
Topic 15D
Topic 15E
Topic 15F
Chapter16
Topic 16A
E16A.2(a) 1.4 D
E16A.3(a) 37 D , 11.7
E16A.5(a) 4.75
E16A.7(a) 1.34
E16A.8(a) 17.7
Topic 16B
6l 4 Q12
E16B.2(a)
0 r 5
Topic 16C
E16C.2(a) 72.8 mN m 1
Chapter 17
Topic 17A
E17A.1(a) 27 nm
E17A.4(a) 0.017
Topic 17B
E17B.1(a) 19 mJ mol1 K 1
Topic 17C
E17C.1(a) 3.43
Topic 17D
E17D.3(a) 100
E17D.4(a) 64 kg mol1
E17D.5(a) 0.73 mm s 1
E17D.6(a) 31 kg mol1
Chapter 18
Topic 18A
E18A.1(a) N = 4 , 4.01 g cm 3
E18A.4(a) 220 pm
E18A.5(a) 70.7 pm
E18A.8(a) f Br = 36
E18A.9(a) f Br = 36
E18A.10(a) f
E18A.15(a) 6.1 km s 1
E18A.16(a) 233 pm
Topic 18B
E18B.1(a) 0.9069
E18B.4(a) Expansion
Topic 18C
E18C.2(a) n-type; the dopant, arsenic, belongs to Group 15 whereas germanium belongs to
Group 14.
E18C.5(a) 4.326 , 5
Topic 18D
E18D.1(a) 3.54 eV
Chapter 19
Topic 19A
E19A.3(a) 0.078 J m 2 s 1
E19A.4(a) 0.0795 nm 2
E19A.5(a) 103 W
E19A.6(a) 0.201 nm 2
E19A.9(a) 104 mg
Topic 19B
E19B.3(a) 283 m s 1
E19B.6(a) 420 pm
Topic 19C
E19C.3(a) 25 kN mol1 ,
E19C.6(a) 0.42 nm
E19C.7(a) 27.3 ps
E19C.8(a) 113 m , 56 m
Chapter 20
Topic 20A
E20A.2(a) 8.1 mol dm3 s1, 2.7 mol dm3 s1, 2.7 mol dm3 s1, 5.4 mol dm3 s1
E20A.3(a) 1.35 mol dm 3 s 1 , 4.05 mol dm 3 s 1 , 2.7 mol dm3 s1, 1.35 mol dm 3 s 1
1
E20A.5(a) kr [A][B][C] , dm 6 mol2 s 1
2
E20A.6(a) (i) [kr] = dm3 mol1 s1, [kr] = dm6 mol2 s1 (ii) [kr] = kPa1 s1, [kr] = kPa2 s1
Topic 20B
E20B.1(a) n=2
Topic 20C
Topic 20D
E20D.1(a) 1.08 105 J mol1 = 108 kJ mol1 , 6.501015 dm3 mol1 s1, 6.501015 dm3 mol1 s1
E20D.2(a) 35 kJ mol1
Topic 20E
k2 2 [B]2 16k1k1[A 2 ]
E20E.1(a) (i) k2 K 1/ 2 [A 2 ]1/ 2 [B] (ii) 1 + 1 , k2 K 1/ 2 [A 2 ]1/ 2 [B] , 2k1[A 2 ]
4k1 k 2
2
[B]2
E20E.2(a) 3 kJ mol1
Topic 20F
E20F.3(a) 0.125
Topic 20G
Topic 20H
kb K [AH]2 [B]
E20H.1(a)
[BH + ]
Chapter 21
Topic 21A
E21A.6(a) 0.73
Topic 21B
E21B.2(a) (i) 6.61 106 m3 mol1 s 1 , 6.61 109 dm3 mol1 s 1 (ii) 3.0 107 m3 mol1 s 1 ,
3.0 1010 dm3 mol1 s 1
E21B.3(a) 8.0 106 m3 mol1 s 1 , 8.0 109 dm3 mol1 s 1 , 4.2 108 s
Topic 21C
E21C.3(a) 91 J K 1 mol1
E21C.4(a) 74 J K 1 mol1
Topic 21D
E21D.1(a) Reactant is high in translational energy and low in vibrational energy, product is high
in vibrational energy and relatively lower in translational energy
Topic 21E
E21E.2(a) 12.5 nm 1
Topic 21F
E21F.1(a) 0.138 V
E21F.5(a) (i) 0.31 mA cm2 (ii) 5.44 mA cm2 (iii) 21042 mA cm2
E21F.6(a) 4.9 1015 cm 2 s 1 , 1.6 1016 cm 2 s 1 , 3.1 107 cm 2 s 1 , 3.9 s1, 12 s1, 2.4108 s1
Chapter 22
Topic 22A
Topic 22B
E22B.2(a) Chemisorption , 50 s
E22B.5(a) 15 kPa
E22B.7(a) 65 1 kJ mol1 (i) 1.6 1097 min (ii) 2.8 106 min
E22B.8(a) 61 1 kJ mol1
Topic 22C
E22C.1(a) 12 m 2