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 Preface
Chemistry 1000, covering over 1000 questions, is a comprehensive volume of exercises in the
format of multiple-choice questions specially written for students sitting for Chemistry in the Hong
Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) exam. Providing full coverage of the latest
compulsory part curriculum, this book serves as a useful tool for students to gain an insight into the
subject.

In order to obtain a thorough understanding of the subject and, most importantly, to achieve a
satisfactory result in the public examination, students are advised to develop a genuine interest in
science studies. This will motivate them to pay more attention to their daily experiences related to
various science disciplines.

Simply memorizing the contents in the textbooks without thorough digestion cannot help one
master Chemistry. One should also have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the
fundamental concepts in the compulsory part of the curriculum so as to apply the knowledge to solve
different kinds of questions.

Written in line with the new curriculum, questions are deliberately designed not only to equip
students with all-round knowledge in the field of Chemistry, but also to rectify common misconceptions
among students as identified in past examinations. Students may find some questions especially
challenging, yet most questions are provided with detailed explanations which allow students to truly
figure out their mistakes and gain a deep understanding of important chemical concepts in the
curriculum. By trying their best in attempting every question in this book as well as having an in-depth
study of the solutions, students will have a consolidated impression of the necessary ideas for excelling
in the subject; their vision is also likely to be broadened, thereby enhancing their skills in solving
problems concerning Chemistry.

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to our colleagues Alan Leung, Henry Law, Leo
Law, Mandy Kam, Ryan Cheung, Tammy Law, Victor Kwok, Joe To, Sam Fung, Philip Chan and Howard
Lee for their efforts in editing and refining the materials in this book.

Alex Lau
Anson Wong
Henry Wong
Tommy Au
Tommy Mok
 Contents
Question Solution
Chapter 1 Planet Earth 1 301
Section 1 The Atmosphere 1 301
Section 2 The Ocean 3 301
Section 3 Rocks and Minerals 5 302

Chapter 2 Microscopic World I 8 303

Section 1 Atomic Structure 8 303
Section 2 The Periodic Table 12 304
Section 3 Metallic Bonding 15 305
Section 4 Structures and Properties of Metals 18 306
Section 5 Ionic and Covalent Bond 21 307
Section 6 Structures and Properties of Giant Ionic Substances 30 310
Section 7 Structures and Properties of Simple Molecular Substances 32 310
Section 8 Structures and Properties of Giant Covalent Substances 34 311
Section 9 Comparison of Structures and Properties of Important Types of
38 313
Substances

Chapter 3 Metals 41 314

Section 1 Occurrence and Extraction of Metals 41 314
Section 2 Reactivity of Metals 45 315
Section 3 Reacting Masses 51 317
Section 4 Corrosion of Metals and Their Protection 56 319

Chapter 4 Acids and Bases 64 323

Section 1 Introduction to Acids and Alkalis 64 323
Section 2 Indicators and pH 71 326
Section 3 Strength of Acids and Alkalis 74 328
Section 4 Salts and Neutralization 78 330
Section 5 Concentration of Solutions 85 333
Section 6 Volumetric Analysis Involving Acids and Alkalis 92 336

Chapter 5 Fossil Fuels and Carbon Compounds 101 341

Section 1 Hydrocarbons from Fossil Fuels 101 341
Section 2 Homologous Series, Structural Formulae and Naming of Carbon
106 343
Compounds
Section 3 Alkanes and Alkenes 112 344
Section 4 Addition Polymers 122 348

Chapter 6 Microscopic World II 127 350

Section 1 Bond Polarity 127 350
Section 2 Intermolecular Forces 129 351
Section 3 Structures and Properties of Molecular Crystals 132 352
Section 4 Simple Molecular Substances with Non-octet Structures 134 353
Section 5 Shapes of Simple Molecules 135 353

  5**
 Question Solution
Chapter 7 Redox Reactions, Chemical Cells and
137 355
Electrolysis
Section 1 Chemical Cells in Daily Life 137 355
Section 2 Reactions in Simple Chemical Cells 139 355
Section 3 Redox Reactions 142 357
Section 4 Redox Reactions in Chemical Cells 153 362
Section 5 Electrolysis 159 364

Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions and Energy 170 370

Section 1 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions 170 370
Section 2 Standard Enthalpy Changes of Neutralization, Formation and
174 371
Combustion
Section 3 Hess's Law 181 373

Chapter 9 Rate of Reaction 186 376

Section 1 Rate of Chemical Reactions 186 376
Section 2 Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction 190 378
Section 3 Molar Volume of Gases at Room Temperature and Pressure
197 380
(r.t.p.)

Chapter 10 Chemical Equilibrium 200 382

Section 1 Dynamic Equilibrium 200 382
Section 2 Equilibrium Constant 202 382
Section 3 The Effects of Changes in Concentration and Temperature on
209 385
Chemical Equilibria

Chapter 11 Chemistry of Carbon Compounds 214 388

Section 1 Introduction to Selected Homologous Series 214 388
Section 2 Isomerism 218 389
Section 3 Typical Reactions of Various Functional Groups 226 392
Section 4 Inter-conversions of Carbon Compounds 238 395
Section 5 Important Organic Substances 248 399

Chapter 12 Patterns in the Chemical World 255 402

Section 1 Periodic Variation of Physical Properties of the Elements from Li
255 402
to Ar
Section 2 Bonding, Stoichiometric Composition and Acid-base Properties of
259 403
the Oxides of Elements from Na to Cl
Section 3 General Properties of Transition Metals 262 404

Chapter 13 Cross Topic Questions 265 406

5**
 Chapter 1 Planet Earth
Section 1 The Atmosphere

LEVEL 1

1. Which of the following substances gives a pungent smell at its gaseous state?

A. oxygen
B. carbon monoxide
C. hydrogen sulphide
D. ammonia

2. Which of the following gases are commonly produced in the industry using fractional
distillation of liquefied air?

(1) oxygen gas

(2) nitrogen gas
(3) hydrogen gas

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

3. Which of the following statements regarding the mixture of iron and sulphur is correct?

A. It cannot be attracted by a magnet.

B. It is soluble in water.
C. It is a yellowish grey powder.
D. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to give bad egg smell.

4. Which of the following statements regarding oxygen gas are correct?

(1) It can relight a glowing splint.

(2) It supports combustion of burning splints.
(3) It is flammable.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

1
Chapter 1 Planet Earth

5. Which of the following arrangements of the abundance of gases in air in descending order is
correct?

A. nitrogen > carbon dioxide > oxygen > noble gases

B. nitrogen > oxygen > noble gases > carbon dioxide
C. nitrogen > oxygen > carbon dioxide > noble gases
D. oxygen > nitrogen > carbon dioxide > noble gases

6. Which of the following correctly describes the process of extracting argon?

A. distillation of air
B. fractional distillation of air
C. distillation of liquefied air
D. fractional distillation of liquefied air

7. What is the reason that nitrogen gas can be extracted through fractional distillation of
liquefied air?

A. The melting point of nitrogen gas is different from the melting points of other
gases in air.
B. Nitrogen gas is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
C. Nitrogen gas is stable and it does not readily react with other substances.
D. The boiling point of nitrogen gas is different from the boiling points of other
gases in air.

2
 Chapter 1 Planet Earth
Section 2 The Ocean

LEVEL 1
8. A dish of hot saturated sea water is allowed to cool down for 30 minutes. Which of the
following statements must be correct?

A. Powders of salts are formed.

B. Some water is evaporated.
C. Water molecules are no longer present in the dish.
D. More crystals can be formed upon using an ice bath.

9. Which of the following chemicals is/are NOT commonly used when testing for the presence
of chloride ions?

(1) silver nitrate solution

(2) hydrochloric acid
(3) dilute nitric acid

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

10. Which of the following uses of products obtained from electrolysis of sea water is
INCORRECT?

A. Sodium hydroxide can be used to produce soaps.

B. Chlorine can be used to produce vinegar by forming hydrochloric acid.
C. Hydrogen can be used to produce margarine.
D. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells.

LEVEL 2

11. Which of the following statements regarding the preparation of salts through distillation of
sea water is/are correct?

(1) Anti-bumping granules are used to ensure smooth boiling.

(2) The product should be rinsed by small amount of hot water.
(3) A condenser must be used to cool down water vapour produced.

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

3
 Chapter 1 Planet Earth
Sections 1 – 3 SOLUTION

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. B
11. A 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. B
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B

Section 1 7. D
The major concept applied in fractional
1. D distillation is the differences in boiling
A  Oxygen: odourless points of the components. Since fractional
B  Carbon monoxide: odourless distillation involves only physical change,
C  Hydrogen sulphide: bad egg smell the reactivity of components is irrelevant.

2. A
Note: There is only a small proportion of
Section 2
H2 in air. It is of low efficiency and 8. B
low cost effectiveness to produce A  Crystals, instead of powders, are
hydrogen gas using fractional formed.
distillation of liquefied air. C  Evaporation is not a rapid process.
3. C It is unlikely that all water
Although iron(II) sulphate reacts with molecules evaporate in only 30
hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen minutes.
sulphide gas, the mixture of iron and D  Using an ice bath causes rapid
sulphur has different physical and chemical cooling. There is not enough time
properties with the compound of iron and for crystallization. Powders, rather
sulphur. In the mixture, iron and sulphur exist than crystals, will be formed.
as elemental form and exhibit their 9. B
respective chemical and physical properties. Silver nitrate solution is usually acidified
4. A with dilute nitric acid. It will form a white
Note: Oxygen is not regarded as precipitate AgCl(s). Hydrochloric acid will
flammable but oxidizing, since not be used since it possesses chloride ions
oxygen cannot burn with only itself. in its molecule, which may distort the result.
Oxygen can only support burning 10. B
but not initiate burning. Vinegar is made from ethanoic acid
5. B instead of chlorine or hydrochloric acid.
Air is composed of around 78% of nitrogen,
11. A
21% of oxygen, 0.9% of noble gases, 0.03%
(2)  Salts have a lower solubility in
of carbon dioxide and the remaining are
cold water than in hot water.
other gases and water vapour.
Therefore, hot water should not
6. D be used to rinse the product.
The air has to be cooled and compressed (3)  The aim of the distillation is to
repeatedly so that it is liquefied. obtain salts, not sea water. Thus,
Temperature is increased gradually and water vapour produced can be
gases with different boiling points will be neglected. It is not a “must” to use a
obtained from different fractions. condenser.
Therefore, the terms FRACTIONAL and
LIQUEFIED are crucial.

301
Chapter 1 Planet Earth

12. C
First, the mixture should either undergo
decantation or filtration to remove the sand.
Then, the water is evaporated so that only
salts remain.
20. B
Electrolysis of its ore at solid state cannot
turn calcium ions into calcium metal. It
happens upon electrolysis of its ore AT
MOLTEN STATE.

13. C 21. B
A  This prevents the vigorous Ore Metal
boiling of the solution which may Galena Lead
contaminate the distillate. Haematite Iron
B  As water flows against gravity, Copper pyrite Copper
the set-up ensures that the entire Bauxite Aluminium
water condenser is fully filled with
water to maximize the cooling 22. A
effect. Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
C  The thermometer should be
placed where the vapour leaves 23. C
the flask when being condensed. Although all of them mainly consist of
The purpose is to measure the CaCO3, they have different physical
temperature of the vapour but properties like hardness and strength.
NOT the boiling solution.
D  24. B
CaO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
14. B
Some quicklime (white powders) remains
Only cobalt(II) chloride paper can give an
in the solution, whereas most dissolves.
observable change (changing from blue to
No colourless gas bubbles are formed.
pink) in the presence of water.
25. C
Section 3 The synthetic route of Ca(HCO3)2 is:
Calcium oxide + water
15. D → Limewater + excess carbon dioxide
→ Calcium hydrogencarbonate
16. C
A  Iodine liquid cannot be formed Note: Using sodium hydrogencarbonate
without high pressure. can synthesize calcium
B  Sublimation is a physical change hydrogencarbonate through a
as iodine only changes its state. different synthetic route, but it is
D  Iodine does not react with water. much more difficult to separate
sodium ions from the solution.
17. D
Quicklime is calcium oxide rather than 26. D
calcium carbonate. Formation of milky solution is caused by
formation of insoluble calcium carbonate,
18. A which is represented by the balanced
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) equation in option D.
The solution is clear as excess amount of
water is added to dissolve quicklime. 27. B
Calcium carbonate can neither dissolve
19. D nor dissociate in water. It can only form
Note: Gold and platinum have their oxides soluble calcium hydrogencarbonate to
but they are rarely seen. Heating their give a transparent solution.
oxides in air can extract the metal.

302