CAPE Revision 2020

Prepared by:
Mr. S. Craig
 What are the Five basic elements of
communication?
• Sender (1)
• Message (2)
• Channel (3)
• Receiver (4)
• Feedback (5)
• Create a scenario and identify the basic elements of
communication
• Paul(4) who’s on vacation is contacted on the phone(3) by his
parents (1)who inform him that the scholarship he applied for
has been granted (2). He screams(5) with excitement.
 How does the process Work?
• Encoding: audience, purpose, medium
• Selecting medium/ channel: message tpe,
receivers, immediacy of response
• Decoding/ interpreting
• Feedback
• How can you see the
communication process
being achieved in the
IA?
 What is Research?
• Research is called for when one is confronted
with a question or problem that has no readily
available answer.
• What are the 2 types: primary and secondary
• Explain the difference.
• Primary: original; designed; uses surveys/focus
groups
• Secondary: accessing info already researched
(found in books, publications etc.
Define the following key terms in research:

• Instrument: methodology used to collect data

in a primary research. Examples:
Questionnaires, interview schedules
 Terms
• Population: group that researcher wants to
study
• Sample: a propositional representation of the
population. To select a sample, you must
understand the characteristic of the
population and represent the ratios. Why?
Validity, as if the data collection is flawed, you
wont have accurate findings.
• Probability sampling: each unit has a chance
of being selected,
• Non-Probability sampling: chances are
unequal; Disadvantage is that puts researcher
in a poor position to generalize findings to an
entire population.
 Other Terms
• Evaluating Sources: checking reliability and validity
• Reliability: determining whether a source can be trusted to provide
true and accurate information.
• To do this, what do we check? Author, Professional standards,
Publisher, Organisation or Institution, Research method
• Validity: this is concerned with whether the data is true. To do this,
what do we check? Currency, Relevance , Data collection, Sample
size, Replicable, Bias (inclination or prejudice for or against one
person or group. )
• Note: This shouldn’t only be used when doing research but as you
carry out your read the newspaper for example
 Why does one acknowledge a source?
• To avoid plagiarism
• How?
• In-text citations (Ross, 2007, p.127)
• References and Bibliographies (MLA/APA format): provides all
the information the reader would need to find your source
• Basic APA for books
• Basic Format for Books
• Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter
also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.
• Format for Webpage or Piece of Online Content
• Author, A. A. & Author B. B. (Date of publication). Title of
page.Retrieved from https://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
 Next term: Demographics
• This deals with socio-economic information
such as:
• Age
• Race
• Sex
• Education
• location
 Forms of commuication
• Two forms: Verbal and Non-Verbal
• Verbal: written or spoken
• Non-Verbal:
• a. Body language: eye contact, facial expression
• Proxemics- the use of space to communicate.
•  
• Kinesics: posture, gesture, stance and movement.
• Vocalics- volume, rate, tone and pitch of voice to give meaning
• Chronemics- use of time, waiting or pausing to show something about you
• Dress: social standing, colour symbolic, hair, uniform and how it is worn
communicates
• Graphics and symbols: Braille, maths, chemistry have symbols
• Paralanguage: displaying emotions and feelings through tone, volume, gesture,
facial expression, hesitation noises, pitch, speed of speaking.