TRI H HNG VNG LN TH X THI MN: HO HC

TRNG THPT CHUYN BC GIANG KHI 10

TNH BC GIANG ( ny c 05 trang, gm 08 cu)

THI XUT

Cu 1: (2,5 im)
134
Cs v 137Cs l sn phm phn hch c nhin liu urani trong l phn ng ht nhn. C
hai ng v ny u phn r - vi thi gian bn hy l t1/2(134Cs) = 2,062 nm v
t1/2(137Cs) = 30,17 nm.
134
1. Vit phng trnh phn ng ht nhn biu din cc phn r phng x ca Cs v
137 134
Cs, tnh nng lng (ra eV) c gii phng trong phn r ca Cs da vo cc s
liu di y
ng v Nguyn t khi (u)
134
55 Cs 133,906700
134
56 Ba 133,904490

2. Trong mt mu nc thu c sau s c ca nh my in ht nhn ngi ta pht

hin c hai ng v ni trn ca Cs vi hot phng x tng cng 1,92 mCi. Khi
lng 137Cs c trong mu nc ny l 14,8 = g.
- Sau bao nhiu nm th hot phng x tng cng ca 2 ng v ny trong mu nc
cho ch cn bng 80,0 Ci? Tnh t s khi lng ca 134Cs v 137Cs ti thi im .
Gi thit rng thit bi o ch o c cc hot phng x - ln hn 0,1 Bq.
Cho: 1Ci = 3,7.1010 Bq; vn tc nh sng c = 2,997925.108ms-1;
1eV = 1,60219.10-19J; s Avogaro NA= 6,02.1023; 1 nm = 365 ngy.
Cu 2 (2,5 im)
Vit cng thc Lewis, d on (c gii thch ngn gn) dng hnh hc v trng thi lai
ha ca nguyn t trung tm trong cc phn t v ion sau: SO2; SO3; SO42- ; SF4; SCN-

1
Cu 3: (2,5 im)

Trong qu trnh kh ha than, than chuyn ha thnh hn hp nhin liu ca cacbon

monoxide v hyr, c gi l kh than
H2O (k) + C (r) CO (k) + H2 (k)
a) Hy tnh s bin i entanpi chun ca phn ng ny t nhng phng trnh phn
ng ha hc v s bin i entanpi chun
2C (s) + O2 (g) 2 CO (g) rH = 221.0 kJ mol1
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O (g) rH = 483.6 kJ mol1
Kh than c dng lm nhin liu :
CO (k) + H2 (k) + O2 (k) CO2 (k) + H2O (k)
b) Vi nhng gi thit cho, hy tnh s bin i entanpi cho s chy ny
C (r) + O2 (k) CO2 (k) rH = 393.5 kJ mol1
Kh than cng c th thc hin qu trnh metan ha :
3H2 (k) + CO (k) CH4 (k) + H2O (k)
c) Dng cc d kin cho thm, hy xc nh s bin i entanpi chun ca phn ng
metan ha
CH4 (k) + 2O2 (k) CO2 (k) + 2 H2O (k) rH = 802.7 kJ mol1
Cu 4: (2,5 im)
Nghin cu phn ng: 2 NO O2 2 NO2 nhit T c mt s kt qu sau y:
Nng u Nng u O2,M Tc tiu th u O2,pht-1
NO,M
0,1 0,1 0,18
0,1 0,2 0,35
0,2 0,2 1,45
1.- Tc phn ng thay i th no khi:
a/- Nng oxi tng 4 ln;
b/-Nng NO tng 4 ln;
c/- Nng NO gim mt na;
d/- Nng oxi gim mt na cn nng NO tng 4 ln;
e/- Nng NO gim mt na, cn nng O2 tng 4 ln.

2
2.- Tc u ca phn ng khng i khi tng nhit t 460 n 600 oC,cn cc
nng u gim mt na. Tnh nng lng hot ng ha ca phn ng.
3.- xut c gii thch 2 c ch hp l cho phn ng.

N 2O4
4.- Phn t NO2 d b dime ha: 2NO2

So snh nng lng hot ng ha ca phn ng thun v phn ng nghch.

Cu 5: (2,5 im)

Mt hc sinh nghin cu phn ng ha hc gia cc cation A 2+, B2+, C2+, D2+, E2+
trong dung dch nitrat v cc anion X-, Y-, Z-, Cl-, OH- trong dung dch cha cation natri
ng thi c mt phi t hu c L. Hc sinh ny xc nh c mt s hp cht kt
ta v mt s phc cht mu nh trong Bng di y:

X- Y- Z- Cl- OH- L
2+
A *** *** *** *** kt ta ***
trng
2+
B kt ta kt ta *** *** *** Phc BLn2+
vng trng
2+
C kt ta kt ta kt ta kt ta kt ta Cc phc
trng nu nu trng en CL2+, CL22+

D2+ *** kt ta *** *** *** ***

2+
E *** kt ta kt ta *** *** ***
trng
*** = khng phn ng,

1 Lp s tch cc cation A2+, B2+, C2+, D2+, E2+ trong dung dch nitrat bng cch s
dng cc dung dch thuc th khc nhau cha cc anion X -, Y-, Z-, Cl-, OH-. Ghi
r sn phm cc sn phm hnh thnh trong mi bc.

2 Lp s tch cc anion X-, Y-, Z-, Cl-, OH- trong dung dch cha cation natri bng
cch s dng cc dung dch thuc th khc nhau cha cc cation A 2+, B2+, C2+,
D2+, E2+ . Ghi r sn phm cc sn phm hnh thnh trong mi bc.

3
3 Kt ta trng BY2 v kt ta nu CY2 tan t trong nc vi tch s tan tng ng ti
25oC ln lt l 3.20 10-8 v 2.56 10-13.

3-1 Tnh tan ca BY2.

3-2 Tnh tan ca CY2.

Cu 6: (2,5 im)
1. Thit lp s pin v vit na phn ng khi pin hot ng xy ra phn ng:
CH3COO- + HSO4- CH3COOH + SO42-

2. Tnh Gopin
3. Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch khi Ipin = 0.
4. Ghp pin xung i: (-) Pt H2 CH3COO- (0,080M) HSO4- (0,050M)H2 Pt (+)
vi pin: (-) Ag,AgCl HCl (1,50M) KCl(bo ho)Hg2Cl2, Hg (+)
Cho EoAgCl/Ag = 0,222V; EHg2Cl2/Hg = 0,244V; KaCH3COOH = 10-4,76 ; KaHSO4- =
10-2,00
Vit cc bn phn ng ng xy ra mi in cc v cc phng trnh phn ng ?
Cu 7: (2,5 im)
un si + iot
+ E
Y K L
C
+ 2H +
H2O + O2

E + O2 + H2O
+ OH-(aq) D A B H
+ OH -
(aq) [V2O5]
in phn
kh + H2O
+ A
-H2O2

F I
J + H2O
- H

Cc phn t t A n L s trn bt ngun t Y ch cha oxy v c th c hydro.

Hp cht B l mt cht c tm quan trng trong k thut, n ngng t cho mt cht
rn ging nc nhit di 17C. N l nguyn liu c bn tng hp mt axit
mnh H. Hp cht B khng th c iu ch trc tip bng cch t chy trc tip
nguyn t Y m ch c th bng cch oxy ha c xc tc hp cht A l mt kh c mi
kh chu. Kh ny khi phn ng vi nc s to thnh mt axit c mnh va phi, n
4
khng th c phn lp thnh dng t do t dung dch nc. Nu kh A phn ng vi
magie hydroxit th thu c dung dch cha ion D. Cng ty Lenzing AG s dng dung
dch ny sn xut xenlul bng phng php si. Bng cch gn axit Lewis A vo
baz Lewis E th thu c ion F. Mui kali ca F c dng ty u, khi kt hp vi
nc th s to ra kh A.
Hp cht A c th phn ng vi tc nhn kh mnh cho axit G. Anion ca axit G c
tnh kh mnh trong dung dch kim v c kh nng to kt ta bc t dung dch bc
nitrat.
Trong s trn th nu ta in phn anion ca hp cht H s thu c hp cht I c
cng thc H2Y2O8. Thy phn hp cht I th sau khi loi b axit H s thu c axit Caro
J.
Anion K to c mt phc ph bin vi bc
a. Y l nguyn t no ?
b. Vit cng thc cc cht t A n L.
c. Tiu phn no b oxy ha trong qu trnh in phn H to thnh I ?
d. Theo thuyt VSEPR th dng hnh hc ca ion E l g ?.
e. Cho bit gc lin kt ca tiu phn E.
Cu 8: (2,5 im)
Ho tan 24 gam Fe 2O3 bng dung dch HCl d sau phn ng c dung dch B. Cho
vo dung dch B mt lng m gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Fe, thy thot ra 2,24 lt
H2 (ktc) sau phn ng thu c dung dch C v cht rn D c khi lng bng 10% so
vi khi lng m. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch C, lc ly kt ta to thnh
em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 40 gam cht rn. Bit rng
hiu sut cc phn ng u l 100%.
1. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc minh ha cho cc phn ng.
2. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong m gam hn hp.
HT

Ngi ra
H tn in thoi lin h

Nguyn Th Vit H-0988630594

Tng Thnh Trung- 0914519813

TRI H HNG VNG LN TH X P N MN: HO HC

TRNG THPT CHUYN BC GIANG KHI 10
TNH BC GIANG. (p n ny c 07 trang, gm 08 cu)

P N THI XUT

5
 Cu 1:
1. 55134Cs 56134Ba + e (1)
137 137
55 Cs 56 Ba + e (2)
Nng lng thot ra trong phn r phng x ca 55134Cs:
E = m.c2 = (133,906700 - 133,904490) (10-3/6,02.1023)( 2,997925.108)2(J)
= 3,28.10-13 J = 3,28.10-13/1,60219.10-19 = 2,05.106 eV
2. Gi A1 l hot phng x, t1/21 l thi gian bn hy ca 55134Cs
Gi A2 l hot phng x, t1/22 l thi gian bn hy ca 55137Cs
0, 693 14,8.10-6 x6, 02.1023
A02 = l 137 .N( 137 Cs) = = 1, 28.mCi
Cs
30,17x365x24x3600 137x3, 7.1010

A01 = Atng - A02 = 1,92 mCi 1,28 mCi = 0,64 mCi

Sau thi gian t:

t t
1 1
Atng = A1 + A2 = A 1
1
t1/ 0 0 t1/2 2
+A 2
2

2 2

V: A2 Atng. = 0,08 mCi. (1)

t 4
1 1
A2/ A =
t1/2 2
0
0,08/1,28 =
2
2
(2)
2

t/ t1/22 4 t 4t1/22 = 120,68 nm = 58,53 t1/21 (3)

Sau 58,53 t1/21, hot phng x ca 55134Cs ch cn:

58,53 58,53
0 1 1 -15
A1 = A 1 = 640. = 1,54.10 Ci
2 2
= 1,54.10-15x3,7.104 Bq = 5,7.10-11 Bq << 0,1 Bq (gii hn o c).
Nh vy, sau 120,68 nm, A1 = 0, hot phng x tng cng ca mu ch cn l hot
phng x ca 55137Cs.
Atng = A2 v t = 120,68 nm
134
55 Cs thc t phn r ht, m(55134Cs) 0 v t s
m(55134Cs)/ m(55137Cs) 0.
Cu 2:
Phn t Cng thc Lewis Cng thc cu trc Dng lai Dng hnh hc ca phn t
ha ca
NTTT
SO2 S AX2E sp2 Gp khc
O O

6
SO3 O AX3 sp2 Tam gic u
S
O O
2-
SO4 2- AX4 sp3 T din
O O
S
O O
SF4 F S F AX4E sp3d Ci bp bnh
F F
-
SCN AX2 Sp ng thng
S C N

Cu 3:
a) (1) 2C (s) + O2 (g) 2 CO (g) rH = 221.0 kJ mol1
(2) 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O (g) rH = 483.6 kJ mol1
Phn ng tng l (E1 E2)
rH = +131.3 kJ mol1.
b) (3) CO (g) + H2 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (g)
(4) C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) rH = 393.5 kJ mol1
E3 = E4 + E2 E1 rH = 524.8 kJ mol1.
c) (5) 3H2 (g) + CO (g) CH4 (g) + H2O (g)
(6) CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g) rH = 802.7 kJ mol1
E5 = 3E2 E1 E6 rH = 205.7 kJ mol1
Cu 4:
1.- T cc d kin thc nghim rt ra nh lut tc ca phn ng:

v = k NO 2 O2
a/- Tng 4 ln;
b/-Tng 16 ln;
c/- Gim 4 ln;
d/-Tng 8 ln;
e/-Khng i.
2.- Mun cho tc u khng i th s tng nhit phi lm tng hng s tc ln
8 ln.
k 2 Ea 1 1
Ln = - E a = 79kJ / mol
k1 R T1 T2
3.-
a/-
NO NO N 2 O2 nhanh
N 2 O2 O2 2 NO2 cham
b/-
NO O2 OONO nhanh
NO OONO 2 NO2 cham
Hai c ch u ph hp vi cu trc phn t ca cc cht u v u cho php rt ra
phng trnh ng hc thc nghim ca phn ng.
7
4.-
Phn ng chuyn ha NO2 thnh N2O4 ta nhit v trong qu trnh ny ch c s hnh
thnh lin kt. Do nng lng hot ng ha ca phn ng thun nh hn nng
lng hot ng ha ca phn ng nghch.
Cu 5:
1.

A2+, B2+, C2+, D2+, E2+

Cl-

CCl2
A2+, B2+, D2+, E2+

OH-

A(OH)2
B2+, D2+, E2+
X-

BX2 D2+, E2+

Z-

EZ2 D2+
Y-
DY2

2.

X-, Y-, Z-, Cl-, OH-

A2+

A(OH)2 X-, Y-, Z-, Cl-

D2+

DY2 X-, Z-, Cl-

B2+

BX2 Z-, Cl-

E2+

EZ2 Cl-
C2+
CCl2

3-1 BY2 = B2+ + 2Y- Ksp = (S1)(2S1)2 = 3,20 10-8

8
 S1 2S1
4S13 = 3,20 10-8, S1 ( tan ca BY2) = 2,0 10-3 M
3-2 CY2 = C2+ + 2Y- Ksp = (S2)(2S2)2 = 2,56 10-13
S2 2S2
4S23 = 2,56 10-13, S2 ( tan ca CY2) = 4,0 10-5 M
Cu 6
1. Do ion H+ t HSO4- nhiu hn ion H+ t CH3COO- nn c s pin l:
(-) Pt H2 (1 atm)CH3COO- (0,08M)HSO4- (0,05M) H2 (1 atm) Pt (+)
Na phn ng antot:
H2 + 2CH3COO- 2CH3COOH + 2e
Na phn ng catot:
2HSO4- + 2e H2 + SO42-

2. Tnh Eopin
+ Tnh Eo(-):
Theo cn bng:
CH 3COO - H 2O CH 3COOH OH - K b = K a -1.K w = 10-9,24
Co 1
1- x x x
=> K = x2/(1-x) = 10-9,24 (vi 0 < x < 1) => x = [OH-] = 10-4,62
=> [H+] = 10-14/10-4,62 = 10-9,38
=> Eo(-) = 0 + (0,0592/2)lg[H+]2/PH2 = 0,0592lg10-9,38 = - 0,56(V).
+ Tnh Eo(+):
Theo cn bng:
HSO 4 - H SO 4 2- K = 10-2
Co 1
1- y y y
=> K = y2/(1-y) = 10-2 (vi 0 < y < 1) => y = [H+] = 0,095.
=> Eo(+) = 0,0592lg[H+] = 0,0592lg0,095 = - 0,061(V).
Vy Eopin = Eo(+) - Eo(-) = - 0,061 - (-0,56) = 0,499(V).
=> Go = - nFEopin = - 2.96500.0,499 = -96307(J) = 96,307 (kJ)
3. Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch khi Ipin = 0.
Khi I = 0 c ngha l pin ngng phng in, tc l phn ng trong pin t n trng
thi cn bng:

9
 CH3COO- HSO 4- CH 3COOH SO4 2- K = 10-2. 10-4,76
-1
= 102,76
Co 0,08 0,05
0,03 x x 0, 05 - x 0,05 - x
=> K = (0,05-x)2/(0,03+x).x = 102,76 = 1,43.10-4(M).
=> [CH3COOH] = [SO42-] = 0,05-1,43.10-4 = 0,049857(M);
[HSO4-] = 1,43.10-4M; [CH3COO-] = 0,03 + 1,43.10-4 = 0,030143(M).
4.
+ Xt pin 1: (-) Pt H2CH3COO- (0,080M)HSO4- (0,050M)H2 Pt (+)
- in cc anot:
CH 3COO - H 2O CH 3COOH OH - K = 10-9,24
Co 0,08
0,08 - x x x
=> K = x2/(0,08-x) = 10-9,24 (vi 0 < x < 0,08) => x = 6,78.10-6
=> E(-) = 0,0592lg[H+] = 0,0592lg(10-14/6,78.10-6) = -0,52(V).
- in cc catot:
HSO4- H+ + SO42- K = 10-2
Co 0,05
[ ] (0,05-x) x x
=> K = x /(0,05-x) = 10-2 (vi 0 < x < 0,05) => x = 0,018.
2

=> E(+) = 0,0592lg[H+] = 0,0592lg0,018 = - 0,103(V)

=> Epin(1) = E(+) - E(-) = -0,103 -(-0,52) = 0,417 (V).
+ Xt pin 2:
(-) Ag,AgCl HCl (1,50M) KCl(bo ho)Hg2Cl2, Hg (+)
- Bn phn ng anot: Ag + Cl- AgCl + e
=> EAgCl/Ag = EoAgCl/Ag + 0,0592lg(1/CCl-) = 0,222 + 0,0592lg(1/1,5)
= 0,212(V).
=> Epin(2) = E(+) - E(-) = 0,244 - 0,212 = 0,032(V).
V Epin(1) = 0,417 > Epin(2) = 0,032(V), nn pin (1) c vai tr cung cp in cho pin (2)
(pin c np in). Do vy s pin c ni nh sau v cc bn phn ng xy ra:
Pin: (-) Pt H2 CH3COO- (0,080M)HSO4- (0,050M)H2 Pt (+)
H2 + 2CH3COO-2CH3COOH +2e 2HSO4- +2e SO42- + H2
(-) Ag, AgClHCl (1,50M)KCl(bo ho)Hg2Cl2, Hg (+)
2AgCl + 2e 2Ag + 2Cl- 2Hg + 2Cl- Hg2Cl2 + 2e
- Phn ng xy ra trong pin (phng in):
HSO4- + CH3COO- CH3COOH + SO4- (Phn ng t xy ra).
- Phn ng xy ra khi np in:
2Hg + 2AgCl Hg2Cl2 + 2Ag (phn ng khng t xy ra).

10
Cu 7:
a. nguyn t: lu hunh
Cng Cng thc Tn
thc
A SO2 Lu hunh dioxit
B SO3 Lu hunh trioxit
C H2SO3 Axit sunfur
D HSO3- Hydrosunfit
E SO32- sunfit
F S2O52- disunfit
b
G S2O42- Dithionit
H H2SO4 Axir sunfuric
I H2S2O8 Axit peroxidisunfuric
J H2SO5 Axit peroximonosunfuric
K S2O32- Thiosunfat
L S4O62- Tetrathionat

c. Tiu phn b oxy ha: nguyn t oxy

d. dng hnh hc theo VSEPR: thp tam gic
e. gc lin kt: 107.4

Cu 8
1/ Cc phng trnh phn ng:
Fe2O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O (1)
Mg + 2FeCl3 = 2FeCl2 + MgCl2 (2)
Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2 (3)
Fe + 2FeCl3 = 3FeCl2 (4)
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2 (5)
2+ -
Mg + 2OH = Mg(OH)2 (6)
2+ -
Fe + 2OH = Fe(OH)2 (7)
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O = 4Fe(OH)3 (8)
Mg(OH)2 = MgO + H2O (9)
2Fe(OH)3 = Fe2O3 + 3H2O (10)
Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp: (1,0 im)
Dung dch B: FeCl3 , HCl d, khi cho hn hp 2 kim loi vo B:
S mol Fe3+ trong B = 0,3 mol ; s mol H2 = 0,1 mol
a) Nu ch c Mg phn ng => c p (1), (2), (3) => s mol Mg = 0,15 + 0,1 = 0,25
mol
Khi lng cht rn sau khi nung: 24 + 0,25.40 = 34 gam < 40 tri gi thit.
b) C Mg v Fe tham gia:
- Gi s mol Mg = x; Fe tham gia phn ng = y:
11
S mol e nhng = 2x + 2y ;
S mol e nhn = 0,3 + 0,1.2 = 0,5.
2(x+y) = 0,5 (*)
Khi lng cht rn = 24 + 40x + 80y = 40 (**) kt hp vi (*) gii c: x = 0,1 ; y =
0,15 Khi lng kim loi tham gia phn ng: 24.0,1 + 0,15.56 = 10,8 gam
Khi lng Fe d: 1,2 gam vy:
Khi lng Mg = 2,4 gam
Khi lng Fe = 9,6 gam.
----------------HT-------------

12