7 (Mat

Foundation)
..
.
. .

1

Pile mat foundation
or Piled raft foundation

2

(Mat foundation)
3
(Conventional rigid
method) Strip

(Beam on elastic
foundation)
Discrete element method finite
difference method, finite element method
and finite grid method
3

y
L

Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16

13

12

11

Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12

10

Q 8

7
x

B
Q Q Q Q ....Q
1 2 3 n Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8
6

Q1, Q2, Q3 4

2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
n 1

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

No. of pile (N) = Q x (1.05 1.10)

Pile safe load
5% 10%

x (ex)
Q1 x1 Q2 x2 Q3 x3 ... Qn xn
ex
Q
y (ey)
Q1y1 Q2y2 Q3y3 .. Qn yn .
ey
Q
5

y

13
QA13 QE13 QI13 QM13
12

11

10
QA9 QE9 QI9 QM9 9

ex 8
ey x
7

6
QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5
5

2
QA1 QE1 QI1 QM1 1

6
A B C D E F G H I J K L M


x (Mx)
y (My)
M Qe
x y M Qe
y x

pile safe
load pile ultimate load

P
Q M d

y x

M xd y
d d
i 2 2
N x y

dx dy x y

Vc 1.06 f cb0 d

Vc (kg)
0.85
d (cm)
8
 b0 (cm)
(d/2)
Vc (Factored load)
(d)
edge of mat
L L

d/2 d/2 d/2

L
d/2 L d/2 d/2
d/2 L

edge of mat d/2 edge of mat L d/2

b0=2L+L b 0=L+L b 0=2(L+L)

) ) ) 9

y

13
QA13 QE13 QI13 QM13
12

(strip) x 11

y 10
QA9 QE9 QI9 QM9
9

8
7
x
6
QA5 QM5
QE5 QI5 5

2
QA1 QE1 QI1 QM1 1

10
A B C D E F G H I J K L M


grid line
A3M3A7M7 grid line A
= (1/4)PA2+(1/2)PA3+(3/4)PA4+PA5+(3/4)PA6+(1/2)PA7+(1/4)PA8

1/4, 1/2, 3/4

PA2 QA1 QA5
1 m 3 m QA1 QA5 4 m
QA1 QA5 3/4 1/4
PA2

11
 QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5
A y A
13
QA13 QE13 QI13 QM13
12

11

10
QA9 QE9 QI9 QM9
PA
9
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
B
8

Section A A
7
x

6
QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5
5

2 B
QA1 QE1 QI1 QM1 1

1/4PA8

3/4PA6
1/2PA7

3/4PA4
1/2PA3
1/4PA2
A B C D E F G H I J K L M

PA5
PA =1/4PA2+1/2PA3+3/4PA4+PA5+3/4PA6+1/2PA7+1/4PA8 Section B B 12


Q A5 QE 5 QI 5 QM 5 PA PB ....PM

(F)
Average Load Q A5 QE 5 QI 5 QM 5 PA PB ...PM / 2
Average Load
F
QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5 Q A5 Q E 5 Q I 5 QM 5

FQ A5 , FQE 5 , FQI 5 FQ M5

PA PB PC PD PE PF PG PH PI PJ PK PL PM

13


R R
FQA5 FQE5 FQI5 FQM5
R FQ A5 FQ E 5 FQ I 5 FQM 5
e
e
d1 d2 d3 d4
FQ A5 d 1 FQE 5 d 2 FQI 5 d 3 FQ N 5 d 4
e
R
PA PB PC PD PE PF PG PH PI PJ PK PL PM

-xi CL +xi R Re xi
Pi
N xi2

xi center line
14


(wide beam shear)

Vc 0.53 f cbd Vu

Vc (kg)
Vu
0.85
d (cm)
b strip (cm) 15


Mu
Ru
bd 2
f c 2 Ru
min 0.85 1 1 0.75b
fy 0.85 f c
As bd
Mu (kg-cm)
0.90
b strip (cm)
16


f c (ksc)
fy (ksc)
14
min
min
f
min 1.33 cal
y
f c 6 ,120
b 0.851
f y 6 ,120 f y

0.85 , f c 280 ksc

f c 280

1 0.85 0.05 , 280 f c 560 ksc
70
0.65 , f c 560 ksc

jd = 0.6h
Mu
As
f y jd 17

y

13x13 m.
13
QA13 QE13 QI13 QM13
12

0.6x0.6 m. 11

QA9 QE9 QI9 QM9

10

x
240 kg/cm2 7

4,000 kg/cm2 0.3x0.3 QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5

5

m. 35 Ton/pile 4

2
QA1 QE1 QI1 QM1 1

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

Plan view 18
 QA1,QA5, QE1,QE5, QI1,QI5, QM1,QM5,
QA9,QA13 QE9,QE13 QI9,QI13 QM9,QM13
1.7m

1.7m

Pile 0.3x0.3 m
Safe load = 35T/pile

Elevation view

QA1 QA5 QA9 QA13 QE1 QE5 QE9 QE13 QI1 QI5 QI9 QI13 QM1 QM5 QM9 QM13
DL 108 170 160 90 164 360 326 164 164 400 362 172 108 180 180 100
LL 64 110 108 55 108 210 182 110 100 270 220 108 64 108 100 64

19


G7

Q Q 1 Q2 Q3 ....Q16

Q ( 108 64 ) ( 170 110 ) ( 160 108 ) ( 90 55 ) ... ( 108 64 ) 5189 Ton

No. of pile (N) = Q x (1.05 1.10)
Pile safe load

No. of pile (N) = 5189

35
1.10 163.1

0.3x0.3 m 169 1 m 20

Column DL LL Q=DL+LL Qu=1.4DL+1.7LL x y Q.x Q.y
QA1 108 64 172 260.00 -6 -6 -1032 -1032
QA5 170 110 280 425.00 -6 -2 -1680 -560
QA9 160 108 268 407.60 -6 2 -1608 536
QA13 90 55 145 219.50 -6 6 -870 870
QE1 164 108 272 413.20 -2 -6 -544 -1632
QE5 360 210 570 861.00 -2 -2 -1140 -1140
QE9 326 182 508 765.80 -2 2 -1016 1016
QE13 164 110 274 416.60 -2 6 -548 1644
QI1 164 100 264 399.60 2 -6 528 -1584
QI5 400 270 670 1019.00 2 -2 1340 -1340
QI9 362 220 582 880.80 2 2 1164 1164
QI13 172 108 280 424.40 2 6 560 1680
QM1 108 64 172 260.00 6 -6 1032 -1032
QM5 180 108 288 435.60 6 -2 1728 -576
QM9 180 100 280 422.00 6 2 1680 560
QM13 100 64 164 248.80 6 6 984 984
21
sum 3208 1981 5189 7858.90 578 -442
 x (ex)

QA1 x A1 QA5 x A5 QA9 x A9 ... QM 13 xM 13

ex
Q
578
ex 0.111 m
5189
Q1y1 Q2y2 Q3y3 .. Qn yn .
ey
Q
442
ey 0.085 m
5189

x (Mx) y (My)
M x Qe y 5,189 ( 0.085 ) 442.00 ton m

Qe 5,189 0.111 578 .00 ton m

My x

M Qe 7858.90 ( 0.085 ) 669.42 ton m

ux y

M Qe 7,858 .90 0.111 875 .40 ton m

uy x
22

P
Q M d

y x

M xd y
d d
i 2 2
N x y

dx2 13 12 22 32 42 52 62 13 ( 1) 2 ( 2) 2 ( 3) 2 ( 4) 2 ( 5) 2 ( 6) 2 2,366
dy2 13 1
2
22 32 42 52 6 13 ( 1)
2 2
( 2) 2 ( 3) 2 ( 4) 2 ( 5) 2 ( 6) 2 2,366
5 ,189 578d x 442d y
Pi
169 2 ,366

2 ,366

Pi < 35 Ton (safe load)

7 ,858.90 875.40d x 669.42d y
Pui
169

2 ,366

2 ,366
Pui < 70 Ton (safety factor =2.0)

23

Pile reaction Pile reaction Pile reaction Pile reaction
Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T
A1 -6 -6 36 36 30.36 45.98 B8 -5 1 25 1 29.30 44.37
A2 -6 -5 36 25 30.17 45.70 B9 -5 2 25 4 29.11 44.09
A3 -6 -4 36 16 29.99 45.41 B10 -5 3 25 9 28.92 43.80
A4 -6 -3 36 9 29.80 45.13 B11 -5 4 25 16 28.74 43.52
A5 -6 -2 36 4 29.61 44.85 B12 -5 5 25 25 28.55 43.24
A6 -6 -1 36 1 29.43 44.57 B13 -5 6 25 36 28.36 42.95
A7 -6 0 36 0 29.24 44.28 C1 -4 -6 16 36 30.85 46.72
A8 -6 1 36 1 29.05 44.00 C2 -4 -5 16 25 30.66 46.44
A9 -6 2 36 4 28.86 43.72 C3 -4 -4 16 16 30.47 46.15
A10 -6 3 36 9 28.68 43.43 C4 -4 -3 16 9 30.29 45.87
A11 -6 4 36 16 28.49 43.15 C5 -4 -2 16 4 30.10 45.59
A12 -6 5 36 25 28.30 42.87 C6 -4 -1 16 1 29.91 45.31
A13 -6 6 36 36 28.12 42.58 C7 -4 0 16 0 29.73 45.02
B1 -5 -6 25 36 30.60 46.35 C8 -4 1 16 1 29.54 44.74
B2 -5 -5 25 25 30.42 46.07 C9 -4 2 16 4 29.35 44.46
B3 -5 -4 25 16 30.23 45.78 C10 -4 3 16 9 29.17 44.17
B4 -5 -3 25 9 30.04 45.50 C11 -4 4 16 16 28.98 43.89
B5 -5 -2 25 4 29.86 45.22 C12 -4 5 16 25 28.79 43.61
B6 -5 -1 25 1 29.67 44.94 C13 -4 6 16 36 28.61 43.32
24
B7 -5 0 25 0 29.48 44.65

Pile reaction Pile reaction Pile reaction Pile reaction
Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T
D1 -3 -6 9 36 31.09 47.09 E8 -2 1 4 1 30.03 45.48
D2 -3 -5 9 25 30.91 46.81 E9 -2 2 4 4 29.84 45.20
D3 -3 -4 9 16 30.72 46.52 E10 -2 3 4 9 29.66 44.91
D4 -3 -3 9 9 30.53 46.24 E11 -2 4 4 16 29.47 44.63
D5 -3 -2 9 4 30.34 45.96 E12 -2 5 4 25 29.28 44.35
D6 -3 -1 9 1 30.16 45.68 E13 -2 6 4 36 29.09 44.06
D7 -3 0 9 0 29.97 45.39 F1 -1 -6 1 36 31.58 47.83
D8 -3 1 9 1 29.78 45.11 F2 -1 -5 1 25 31.39 47.55
D9 -3 2 9 4 29.60 44.83 F3 -1 -4 1 16 31.21 47.26
D10 -3 3 9 9 29.41 44.54 F4 -1 -3 1 9 31.02 46.98
D11 -3 4 9 16 29.22 44.26 F5 -1 -2 1 4 30.83 46.70
D12 -3 5 9 25 29.04 43.98 F6 -1 -1 1 1 30.65 46.42
D13 -3 6 9 36 28.85 43.69 F7 -1 0 1 0 30.46 46.13
E1 -2 -6 4 36 31.34 47.46 F8 -1 1 1 1 30.27 45.85
E2 -2 -5 4 25 31.15 47.18 F9 -1 2 1 4 30.09 45.57
E3 -2 -4 4 16 30.96 46.89 F10 -1 3 1 9 29.90 45.28
E4 -2 -3 4 9 30.78 46.61 F11 -1 4 1 16 29.71 45.00
E5 -2 -2 4 4 30.59 46.33 F12 -1 5 1 25 29.53 44.72
E6 -2 -1 4 1 30.40 46.05 F13 -1 6 1 36 29.34 44.43
E7 -2 0 4 0 30.22 45.76
25

Pile reaction Pile reaction Pile reaction Pile reaction
Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T
G1 0 -6 0 36 31.83 48.20 H8 1 1 1 1 30.76 46.59
G2 0 -5 0 25 31.64 47.92 H9 1 2 1 4 30.57 46.31
G3 0 -4 0 16 31.45 47.63 H10 1 3 1 9 30.39 46.02
G4 0 -3 0 9 31.26 47.35 H11 1 4 1 16 30.20 45.74
G5 0 -2 0 4 31.08 47.07 H12 1 5 1 25 30.01 45.46
G6 0 -1 0 1 30.89 46.79 H13 1 6 1 36 29.83 45.17
G7 0 0 0 0 30.70 46.50 I1 2 -6 4 36 32.31 48.94
G8 0 1 0 1 30.52 46.22 I2 2 -5 4 25 32.13 48.66
G9 0 2 0 4 30.33 45.94 I3 2 -4 4 16 31.94 48.37
G10 0 3 0 9 30.14 45.65 I4 2 -3 4 9 31.75 48.09
G11 0 4 0 16 29.96 45.37 I5 2 -2 4 4 31.57 47.81
G12 0 5 0 25 29.77 45.09 I6 2 -1 4 1 31.38 47.53
G13 0 6 0 36 29.58 44.80 I7 2 0 4 0 31.19 47.24
H1 1 -6 1 36 32.07 48.57 I8 2 1 4 1 31.01 46.96
H2 1 -5 1 25 31.88 48.29 I9 2 2 4 4 30.82 46.68
H3 1 -4 1 16 31.70 48.00 I10 2 3 4 9 30.63 46.39
H4 1 -3 1 9 31.51 47.72 I11 2 4 4 16 30.45 46.11
H5 1 -2 1 4 31.32 47.44 I12 2 5 4 25 30.26 45.83
H6 1 -1 1 1 31.14 47.16 I13 2 6 4 36 30.07 26 45.54
H7 1 0 1 0 30.95 46.87

Pile reaction Pile reaction Pile reaction Pile reaction
Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T
J1 3 -6 9 36 32.56 49.31 K8 4 1 16 1 31.49 47.70
J2 3 -5 9 25 32.37 49.03 K9 4 2 16 4 31.31 47.42
J3 3 -4 9 16 32.18 48.74 K10 4 3 16 9 31.12 47.13
J4 3 -3 9 9 32.00 48.46 K11 4 4 16 16 30.93 46.85
J5 3 -2 9 4 31.81 48.18 K12 4 5 16 25 30.75 46.57
J6 3 -1 9 1 31.62 47.90 K13 4 6 16 36 30.56 46.28
J7 3 0 9 0 31.44 47.61 L1 5 -6 25 36 33.05 50.05
J8 3 1 9 1 31.25 47.33 L2 5 -5 25 25 32.86 49.77
J9 3 2 9 4 31.06 47.05 L3 5 -4 25 16 32.67 49.48
J10 3 3 9 9 30.88 46.76 L4 5 -3 25 9 32.49 49.20
J11 3 4 9 16 30.69 46.48 L5 5 -2 25 4 32.30 48.92
J12 3 5 9 25 30.50 46.20 L6 5 -1 25 1 32.11 48.64
J13 3 6 9 36 30.32 45.91 L7 5 0 25 0 31.93 48.35
K1 4 -6 16 36 32.80 49.68 L8 5 1 25 1 31.74 48.07
K2 4 -5 16 25 32.62 49.40 L9 5 2 25 4 31.55 47.79
K3 4 -4 16 16 32.43 49.11 L10 5 3 25 9 31.37 47.50
K4 4 -3 16 9 32.24 48.83 L11 5 4 25 16 31.18 47.22
K5 4 -2 16 4 32.05 48.55 L12 5 5 25 25 30.99 46.94
K6 4 -1 16 1 31.87 48.27 L13 5 6 25 36 30.80 46.65
K7 4 0 16 0 31.68 47.98 27

Pile reaction Pile reaction
Location dx dy dx2 dy2 (Pi) T (Pui) T
M1 6 -6 36 36 33.29 50.42
M2 6 -5 36 25 33.10 50.14
M3 6 -4 36 16 32.92 49.85
M4 6 -3 36 9 32.73 49.57
33.29 < 35 ton OK
M5 6 -2 36 4 32.54 49.29
M6 6 -1 36 1 32.36 49.01
M7 6 0 36 0 32.17 48.72
M8 6 1 36 1 31.98 48.44
50.42 < 70 ton OK
M9 6 2 36 4 31.80 48.16
M10 6 3 36 9 31.61 47.87
M11 6 4 36 16 31.42 47.59
M12 6 5 36 25 31.24 47.31
M13 6 6 36 36 31.05 47.02
Total 2,366 2,366 5,189.00 7,859.00
Maximum 33.29 50.42
28


M5
50+30+d/2 QuD 5 1.4 180 1.7 108 435.6 ton
50 b0 250 30 d / 2 60 d 220 2d
d/2
60 Vc 1.06 f cb0 d

60+d d/2 M5 60 V c QuD 5 435,600 kg

edge of mat 0.85
d/2
f c 240 kg/cm2
b0=2(50+30+d/2)+(60+d) 0.85 1.06 240220 2d d 435,600
DL=180 ton , LL= 108 ton
220 2d d 31207.39
2d 2 220d 31,207.39 0

d 81.49 cm 29

A1 M1

QuA1 1.4 108 1.7 64 260 ton
50+30+d/2
b0 250 30 d / 2 160 d
edge of mat
d/2
60 Vc 1.06 f cb0 d

kg
A1,
60
M1
d/2
50+30+d/2 V c QuA1 260,000
50 0.85

50 edge of mat
f c 240 kg/cm2
b 0=2x(50+30+d/2) 0.85 1.06 240160 d d 260,000
DL=108 ton , LL= 64 ton
160 d d 18,627
d 2 160d 18,627 0

d 78.2 cm 30


I5
QuI 5 1.4 400 1.7 270 1,019 ton
60+d
b0 460 d 240 4 d
d/2 Vc 1.06 f cb0 d

d/2 I5 d/2 60+d V c QuI 5 1,019,000 kg

0.85
d/2
f c 240 kg/cm2
0.85 1.06 240240 4d d 1,019,000
b0=4(60+d) 240 4d d 1,019,000
DL=400 ton , LL= 270 ton
4d 2 240d 73,004 0

d 108.39 cm 31

I5

50+15+d/2

50 M2 50.14 ton
QuM 2 50.14 ton
d/2 30 d/2
b0 250 15 d / 2 ( 30 d ) 160 2d
30+d 30 Vc 1.06 f cb0 d
M5

d/2 edge of mat Vc QuM 2 50,140 kg

0.85 f c 240 kg/cm2
b0=2(50+15+d/2)+(30+d) 0.85 1.06 240160 2d d 50,140
160 2d d 50,140
2d 2 160d 3,591.93 0
d 18.27 cm 32
 y

13
QA13 QE13 QI13 QM13
12

11

10
QA9 QE9 QI9 QM9 9

7
x

6
QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5
5

2
QA1 QE1 QI1 QM1 1

33
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
 170 cm
d = 170-7.5-3.2/2 = 160.9 cm > 108.39 cm OK
y
(strip)
13
QA13 QE13 QI13 QM13

12

11
4m
strip A3M3M7A7 QA9 QE9 QI9 QM9
10

x strip G1K1K13G13 8

y 7

6
x

QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5

5
4m
4

2
QA1 QE1 QI1 QM1 1

A B C D E F G H I J K L M 34
 grid line
strip x
y

PA =1/4PA2+1/2PA3+3/4PA4+PA5+3/4PA6+1/2PA7+1/4PA8
13
QA13 QE13 QI13 QM13
12

11
PA=(1/4)45.7+(1/2)45.41+(3/4)45.13+44.85+(3/4)44.57
10
QA9 QE9 QI9 QM9 9 +(1/2)44.28+(1/4)44 = 179.39 ton
8

7
x
PB=(1/4)46.07+(1/2)45.78+(3/4)45.50+45.22
6
QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5
5

4
+(3/4)44.94+(1/2)44.65+(1/4)44.37 = 180.87 ton
3

QA1
2 PC=(1/4)46.44+(1/2)46.15+(3/4)45.87+45.59
QE1 QI1 QM1 1

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
+(3/4)45.31+(1/2)45.02+(1/4)44.74 = 182.35 ton

PD=(1/4)46.81+(1/2)46.52+(3/4)46.24+45.96
+(3/4)45.68+(1/2)45.39+(1/4)45.11 = 183.83 ton 35
 grid line
strip x
PE=(1/4)47.18+(1/2)46.89+(3/4)46.61+46.33+(3/4)46.05+(1/2)45.76+(1/4)45.48 = 185.31 ton
PF=(1/4)47.55+(1/2)47.26+(3/4)46.98+46.70+(3/4)46.42+(1/2)46.13+(1/4)45.85 = 186.79 ton
PG=(1/4)47.92+(1/2)47.63+(3/4)47.35+47.07+(3/4)46.79+(1/2)46.50+(1/4)46.22 = 188.27 ton
PH=(1/4)48.29+(1/2)48.00+(3/4)47.72+47.44+(3/4)47.16+(1/2)46.87+(1/4)46.59 = 189.75 ton
PI=(1/4)48.66+(1/2)48.37+(3/4)48.09+47.81+(3/4)47.53+(1/2)47.24+(1/4)46.96 = 191.23 ton
PJ=(1/4)49.03+(1/2)48.74+(3/4)48.46+48.18+(3/4)47.90+(1/2)47.61+(1/4)47.33 = 192.71 ton
PK=(1/4)49.40+(1/2)49.11+(3/4)48.83+48.55+(3/4)48.27+(1/2)47.98+(1/4)47.70 = 194.19 ton
PL=(1/4)49.77+(1/2)49.48+(3/4)49.20+48.92+(3/4)48.64+(1/2)48.35+(1/4)48.07 = 195.67 ton
PM=(1/4)50.14+(1/2)49.85+(3/4)49.57+49.29+(3/4)49.01+(1/2)48.72+(1/4)48.44 = 197.15 ton

SP=PA+PB+PC+PD+PE+PF+PG+PH+PI+PJ+PK+PL+PM = 2,447.55 ton 36


strip x QuA5 QuE 5 QuI 5 QuM 5 PA PB ....PM

1.4 (170 + 360 + 400 + 180)+ 1.7 (110 + 210 + 270 + 108) 2740.60 2447 .55
(F)
Average Load QuA5 QuE 5 QuI 5 QuM 5 PA PB ...PM / 2

Average Load 2740.60 2447.55 / 2 2,594.07

Average Load 2 ,594.07
F F 0.94654
QUA5 QUE 5 QUI 5 QUM 5 2740.60

FQ , FQ , FQ FQ
UA 5 UE 5 UI 5 UM 5

FQUA5 = 0.94654x(1.4x170+1.7x110) = 402.28 ton

FQUE5 = 0.94654x(1.4x360+1.7x210) = 814.97 ton
FQUI5 = 0.94654x(1.4x400+1.7x270) = 964.52 ton
FQUM5 = 0.94654x(1.4x180+1.7x108) = 412.31 ton 37

strip x
R R
FQUA5 FQUE5 FQUI5 FQUM5 R FQUA5 FQUE 5 FQUI 5 FQUM 5
e
R 402.28 814.97 964.52 412.31
R 2,594.07
-6 -2 2 6
e
PA PB PC PD PE PF PG PH PI PJ PK PL PM
FQUA5 d1 FQUE 5 d 2 FQUI 5 d 3 FQUN 5 d 4
-xi CL +xi e
R

402.28 ( 6 ) 814.97 ( 2 ) 964.52 2 412.31 6

e
2 ,594.07
e 0.13851 m

38
 R Re xi
Pi
N xi2
strip x
R/N (ton) x x2 R/N+Rex/x2 (ton)
A 199.54 -6 36 187.70
B 199.54 -5 25 189.67
C 199.54 -4 16 191.65
D 199.54 -3 9 193.62
E 199.54 -2 4 195.60
F 199.54 -1 1 197.57
G 199.54 0 0 199.54
H 199.54 1 1 201.52
I 199.54 2 4 203.49
J 199.54 3 9 205.47
K 199.54 4 16 207.44
L 199.54 5 25 209.42
M 199.54 6 36 211.39
182 2594.07
39
 strip x
402.28 814.97 964.52 412.31

197.57
187.70

205.47
189.67

191.65

193.62

195.60

199.54

201.52

203.49

207.44
209.42

211.39
500
Shear diagram 250
360 340
167 138 201
Shear (T)

0 -25 -8 0
-61
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-250 -215 -216
-259
-421
-500

Moment diagram 500

400
445

300 288
Moment (T-m)

200
100 105
0 0 29 24 0
-33
-100 0 2 -73 4 6 8 10 12
-200 -215 -239
-192 -201 40
-300
 grid line
strip y
y
P1 =1/4PF1+1/2PG1+3/4PH1+PI1+3/4PJ1
13
QA13 QE13 QI13 QM13
12 +1/2PK1+1/4PL1
11

QA9 QE9 QI9 QM9

10 P1 =195.76 P8 =187.84
P2 =194.63 P9 =186.71
9

7
x
P3 =193.50 P10 =185.57
QA5 QE5 QI5 QM5
6
P4 =192.36 P11 =184.44
P5 =191.23 P12 =183.31
5

3
P6 =190.10 P13 =182.18
QA1 QE1 QI1 QM1
2

1
P7 =188.97

SP = 2,456.60 ton
A B C D E F G H I J K L M

41

strip y QUI 1 QUI 5 QUI 9 QUI 13 P1 P2 ....P13

1.4 (164 + 400+ 362+172)+1.7 (100 + 270+ 220+108) 2723.80 2456.60

(F)
Average Load 2723.80 2456.60 / 2 2,590.20
2 ,590.20
F 0.9510
2723.80
FQ , FQ , FQ FQ
UI 1 UI 5 UI 9 UI 13

FQUI1 = 0.9510x(1.4x164+1.7x100) = 380.02 ton

FQUI5 = 0.9510x(1.4x400+1.7x270) = 969.07 ton
FQUI9 = 0.9510x(1.4x362+1.7x220) = 837.64 ton
FQUI13 = 0.9510x(1.4x172+1.7x108) = 403.60 ton
42

R
380.02 969.07 837.64 403.60 strip y
e
R
-6 -2 2 6 R 380.02 969.07 837.64 403.60

R 2,590.33
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13

-yi CL +yi e

380.02 ( 6 ) 969.07 ( 2 ) 837.64 2 403.60 6

e
2 ,590.33
e 0.0468 m

43
 Pi
R Re yi

N yi2
strip y
R/N (ton) y y2 R/N+Rey/y2 (ton)
1 199.25 -6 36 203.26
2 199.25 -5 25 202.59
3 199.25 -4 16 201.92
4 199.25 -3 9 201.26
5 199.25 -2 4 200.59
6 199.25 -1 1 199.92
7 199.25 0 0 199.26
8 199.25 1 1 198.59
9 199.25 2 4 197.92
10 199.25 3 9 197.26
11 199.25 4 16 196.59
12 199.25 5 25 195.92
13 199.25 6 36 195.26
44
182 2590.33
 strip y
380.02 969.07 837.64 403.60

199.92
203.26

197.26
202.59

201.92

201.26

200.59

199.26

198.59

197.92

196.59
195.92

195.26
600
Shear diagram 400 429

228 258
200 208
Shear (T)

26 60 12
0 0
0 -177 2 4 6 -140 8 10 -184 12
-200
-339 -381
-400

-600

Moment diagram 600

506
400
345
Moment (T-m)

200 166
77 87
0 0 27 0
-37
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-177 -151
-200 -221 -208
45
-400

shear diagram Vu 421 ton x
Vu 429 ton y
Vc 0.53 f cbd Vu
0.85 f c 240 ksc b 400 cm d 160.9 cm
Vc 0.85 0.53 240 400 160.9 / 1000 449.18 ton Vu 429 ton OK

x =
M u 445 ton m
M 239 ton m
u

y = M 506 ton m
u

M 221 ton m
u 46

Items Strip x Strip y Units
Moment + Moment - Moment + Moment -
Require Mu 44,500,000 23,900,000 50,600,000 22,100,000 kg-cm
provide d = 160.9 160.9 160.9 160.9 cm
b= 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 cm
Ru =Mu/(bd2) = 4.77 2.56 5.43 2.37 ksc
=0.85fc'/fy(1-sqrt(1-2Ru/(0.85fc')) 0.00121 0.000645 0.0014 0.000596
min = 14/fy 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035
1.33 cal 0.00161 0.00086 0.0018 0.000793
use = 0.00161 0.00086 0.0018 0.000793
Required As =pbd 103.40 55.23 117.77 51.04 cm2
for Deep beam assume jd = 0.6h = 0.6x170 = 102.00 cm
As = (Mu/fyjd) 121.19 65.09 137.80 60.19 cm2
Prov Bottom Steel DB 1- 32 @ 0.225 0.225 m
As provide = 142.98 142.98 cm2
check OK OK
Prov. Top steel DB 1- 25 @ 0.25 0.25 m
As provide = 78.54 78.54 cm2
47
check OK OK


# 1-DB32@0.225m
# 1-DB25@0.25m
1.7m

1.7m

2-DB25

Pile 0.3x0.3 m
Safe load = 35T/pile

48