TCVN 3255:1986

AN TON N - YU
CU CHUNG
 TIU CHUN: TCVN 3255:1986
AN TON N - YU CU CHUNG
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 TIU CHUN VIT NAM
TCVN 3255:1986
Nhm T
AN TON N - YU CU CHUNG
Explosion safety- General requirements
Tiu chun ny thay th cho TCVN 3255: 1979.
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu chung v an ton n cho cc qu trnh sn xut vn chuyn, bo
qun, trong c cc cht c kh nng hnh thnh mi trng nguy him n.
Ring i vi cc qu trnh sn xut c bit nh m; sn xut, bo qun v vn chuyn vt liu n v.v...
ngoi tiu chun ny, cn phi c cc tiu chun ring.
1. Nhng quy nh chung
1.1..An ton n cho cc qu trnh sn xut phi c m bo bng cc bin php t chc v k thut,
phng nga n v bo v n.
1.2. Nhng yu t c tnng cho tnh nguy him n bao gm: p sut ln nht khi n v nhit n; Tc
tng p sut khi n; p sut hng chnh ca sng xung kch; tnh cht ph hu v gy chy ca mi
trng nguy him n.
1.3. Nhng yu t nguy him v c hi nh hng n con ngi do hu qu n bao gm:
Sng xung kch c p sut hng chnh vt qu gi tr cho php; La;
Cc kt cu, thit b, ng ng, nh ca v cng trnh b ph hu v cc mnh v ca chng vng ra;
Cc cht c hi c hnh thnh v (hoc) thot ra t cc thit b v hng khi n nng trong khng kh
ni lm vic vt qu gii hn cho php.
2. Nhng yu cu v phng nga n
2.1. phng nga n phi loi tr:
S hnh thnh mi trng nguy him n; S xut hin cc ngun kch n.
2.2. Mi trng nguy him n c th c to thnh bi:
Hn hp cc cht (hi, kh v bi) vi khng kh v cc cht x ho khc (xi, ozn, clo v cc cht
xtnit v.v...) .
Cc cht c khuynh hng chuyn ho dn n n (axtylen, zn, hyragin v.v...)
2.3. Ngun kch thch n bao gm:
Ngn la trn v cc vt b nung nng; Cc hin tng phng in;
Nhit lng to ra t cc phn ng ho hc v cc tc ng c hc;
Tia la do ma st v va p;
Sng xung kch;
Bc x in t v cc bc x khc.
2.4. ngn nga kh nng hnh thnh mi trng nguy him n v m bo nng cc cht nguy
him n trong vng khng kh ni sn xut khng vt qu gii hn chy di, c tnh n h s an ton
phi m bo:
S dng cc thit b sn xut kiu kn;
S dng thng gi lm vic v thng gi s c;
Dn mi trng nguy him n v cc cht c kh nng hnh thnh mi trng nguy him n ra ngoi;
Kim tra thnh phn mi trngkhng kh.
2.5. ngn ng s hnh thnh mi trng nguy him n bn trong thit b cng ngh phi m bo:
Lm kn cc thit b cng ngh;
Duy tr thnh phn v cc thng s ca mi trng ngoi vng gii hn bt chy s dng cc cht ph
gia (hot tnh ho hc, kh tr) km hm kh nng hnh thnh mi trng nguy him n;
p dng cc gii php cng ngh v cu trc hp l khi thit k thit b v cc qa trnh sn xut.
2.6. ngn nga s xut hin cc ngun kch n phi m bo: C quy nh cho cc vic lm c la
hoc ngun nhit;
Ngn nga s t nng cc thit b n nhit t bc chy ca mi trng. Nguy him n;
S dng cc phng tin lm gim p sut hng chnh ca sng xung kch;
S dng cc vt liu khi va p v ma st khng pht sinh tia la c kh nng kch n mi trng nguy
him n;
S dng cc phng tin chng st v chng tch in, loi tr dng in r, in chm t v.v...
S dng cc thit b phng n;
S dng cc thit b bo v tc ng nhanh ngt cc ngun in c kh nmg kch n;
Hn ch cng sut bc x in t v cc bc x khc;
Loi tr s xut hin nhit lng nguy him ca cc phn ng ho hc v cc tc
ng c hc.
3. Nhng yu cu v bo v n
ngn nga nh hng ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi n con ngi do hu qu n v gi
nguyn c gi tr ca vt cht, cng trnh v thit b cn phi:
Hn ch n mc t nht s lng cc cht nguy him n cn thit c s dng trong mi qu trnh sn
xut;
S dng cc thit b ngn nga la, cc van chn nc, cc vch chn bng nc v bi, cc mn kh
tr (khng chy) v mn hi nc;
S dng cc thit b c tnh ton ti p sut n;
S dng cc c cu an ton x p lc s c (cc mng v van an ton) bo v thit b khi b ph hu;
S dng cc van ng m nhanh v van mt chiu; S dng h thng dp n ch ng;
S dng cc phng tin pht tn hiu phng nga.
4. Cc bin php t chc v k thut m bo an ton n
Cc bin php t chc v k thut m bo an ton n phi bao gm: Vic nghin cu xy dng cc
ti liu hun luyn, hng dn, ph bin cc yu cu v an ton, cp giy php vo lm vic, trnh t
chun b v tin hnh cc qu trnh sn xut, kim tra v gim st vic thc hin cc yu cu an ton
c nu ra trong cc mc 2 - 4 ca tiu chun ny.
Ph lc
Cc thut ng v nh ngha

Thut ng nh ngha
1. N ha hc S chuyn ha ha hc ta nhit nhanh km theo pht sinh nng lng
v to thnh kh nn c kh nng sinh cng.
2. An ton n
Trng thi ca qu trnh sn xut loi tr c kh nng n hoc nu
n xy ra phi ngn chn c tc ng ca cc yu t nguy him v
c hi i vi sc khe con ngi v gi c nguyn gi tr vt cht.
3. Phng nga n Ngn nga kh nng pht sinh n
4. Bo v n Ngn chn tc ng ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi do n n con
ngi v gi c nguyn vn gi tr vt cht
5. M trng nguy him n
Mi trng hot tnh ha hc m trong iu kin no c th pht
sinh n
6. Ngun kch n
Cc ngun mang nng lng c kh nng kch thch n mi trng
nguy him n
7. H s an ton H s iu v h s thc nghim hay tnh ton ca thng s nguy him
n. H s ny xc nh gii hn cho php ca thng s o i vi mi
qu trnh sn xut
8. Nhit n Nhit c to thnh khi n