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Du nht
nht ca du thay i theo nhit . Khi nhit cao, nht gim v ngc li.
Du c nht thp d di chuyn hn so vi du c nht cao. Ngoi ra, do trng
lng ca cc phn t cu thnh nn du nhn c lin quan trc tip n nht ca n
nn ngi ta thng gi thnh du nng hay du nh. Du nh dng ch loi c
nht thp, du nng ch du c nht cao.
phng php phn loi theo nht, cc nh sn xut du nht thng nht dng cch
phn loi ca Hip hi k s t M SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). Cc phn
loi ca SAE ty thuc vo sn phm du l n cp hay a cp. Du a cp c
nht tha mn nhiu iu kin nhit khc nhau cn du n cp ch p ng mt
nhit no .
H thng phn loi ca SAE kh phc tp, n lin quan ti nhiu khi nim khc nhau.
Tuy nhin, c th ch ra nhng yu t chnh. i vi du a cp, sau ch SAE l tin t
nh 5W, 10W hay 15W, 20W. Nhng s ng trc ch "W" dng ch khong nhit
m loi du ng c c nht khi ng xe lc lnh. xc nh nhit
khi ng theo k t ny, bn ch cn ly 30 tr i cc s nhng theo nhit m. V
d, du 10W s khi ng tt m 20 C, du 15W khi ng tt m 15 C.
Khi phn loi theo tiu chun ny, cc nh sn xut li thng nht phn theo tiu chun
ca Vin du m M API (American Petroleum Institute).
Du nhn thng mi l sn phm cui cng, pha trn t hai thnh phn chnh. Thnh
phn th nht l du gc, c cc hng sn xut t du m thin nhin hoc tng hp.
Du gc cha cc phn t hydrocarbon nng v c cc tnh cht ha l tng t nh du
thnh phm. Tuy nhin, ngi ta khng th s dng ngay loi du ny bi tnh cht ha
l ca n cha p ng yu cu bo v ng c. ci thin cc tnh cht , cc hng
phi pha trn thm thnh phn th hai l cc cht ph gia.
Tuy nhin, do tnh phc tp ca quy trnh tng hp m ngoi cc hng du nhn sn xut
ph gia cn c cc hng chuyn nghin cu v sn xut ph gia nh Liqui-Moly ca
c, Elco hay Chevron Nhng sn phm ca cc nh cung cp ny c cc hng
xe, hng du nhn v cc t chc tiu chun th nghim v cho php s dng ti hu ht
cc th trng trn th gii. Ph gia ca cc hng thng c ng gi, ngha l trn
sn cc loi khc nhau m bo khng gy ri khi thm vo du. Tuy nhin, khi s
dng, ngi tiu dng vn cn mua sn phm chnh hng v thc hin theo hng dn
ca nh sn xut mt cch nghim ngt.
c sn xut trn cc dy chuyn thit b, cng ngh hin i, c cht lng cao, hon
ton tng ng v thay th tng ng cho cc sn phm DMN cng loi ca cc
hng ln trn th gii. Cc sn phm Du M nhn ca PLC c s dng cho hu ht
cc my mc, thit b ca nn kinh t quc dn.
Cng
ty c hn 400 sn phm du m nhn c tn gi, cng dng s dng khc nhau c th
c chia thnh 6 nhm c th sau:
* Du nhn cho xe gn my: PLC Racer Scooter, PLC Racer SJ, PLC Racer SG, PLC
Racer SF, PLC Racer SD, PLC Racer 2T, PLC Racer 2T Extra,...
* Du nhn cho xe vn ti cng cng: PLC Motor Oil Extra 40 & 50, PLC Komat
SHD 40 & 50, PLC Komat CF, PLC Cater CH4, PLC Cater CI4,...
* Du nhn cho xe thng mi: PLC Racer Plus, PLC Racer HP,...
* Du nhn hng hi: Atlanta Marine D, Disola, Aurelia XL, Talusia HR70,...
* Du nhn cho cc ngnh cng nghip khc: PLC Rolling Oil 32, 46, 68,... PLC AW
Hydroil 32, 46, 68,... PLC Supertrans, PLC Gear Oil MP 90 EP & 140 EP, PLC Angla
150, 220,... PLC Brake Fluid Dot 3, PLC Super Coolant 100, PLC Cutting Oil,...
* M bi trn: PLC Grease L2, L3, L4; PLC Grease C2, PLC Grease L-EP 0, 1, 2, 3;
PLC Grease BHT 252,...
Cch y 100 nm, thm ch con ngi vn cha c khi nim v du nhn. Tt c cc
loi my mc lc by gi u c bi trn bng du m ln v sau dng du liu.
Khi du liu khan him th ngi ta chuyn sang s dng cc loi du tho mc khc. V
d, bi trn cc si my dt ngi ta s dng n du c.
Chng ta ang sng trong thi i khoa hc v cng ngh, nn cng nghip hin i
v ang xm nhp vo mi hang cng, ng hm trn th gii v xu hng quc t ha
nn i sng kinh t cng ngy cng pht trin mnh m. Tt c nhng c im nu trn
ca thi i t ra mt nhim v ht sc to ln cho cc quc gia l phi xy dng
c mt nn cng nghip du m hin i, p ng v tha mn cc nhu cu ngy cng
tng ca nn kinh t th gii.
Du gc
Du gc khong
Trc y, thng thng ngi ta dng phn on cn mazut l nguyn liu chnh sn
xut du nhn gc. Nhng v sau ny khi ngnh cng nghip nng v ch to my mc
pht trin, i hi lng du nhn ngy cng cao v chng loi ngy cng phong ph
cng nh tiu chun v cht lng ngy cng cao, nn ngi ta nghin cu tn dng
phn cn ca qu trnh chng ct chn khng c tn gi l cn gudron lm nguyn liu
sn xut du nhn gc c nht cao. Tm li nguyn liu chnh sn xut du nhn
gc l cn mazut v gudron.
Cn mazut
Cn gudron
Nhm cht du
Nhm asphanten
Trong qu trnh th nhm du, nha, asphanten tn ti trng thi h keo, trong nhm
nha tan trong du to thnh mt dung dch tht s, ngi ta gi l mi trng phn tn.
Asphanten khng tan trong nhm du nn tn ti trng thi pha phn tn. Ngoi ba
nhm cht trn, trong cn godron cn tn ti cc hp cht c kim ca kim loi nng, cc
hp cht cacbon, cacboit, cc hp cht ny khng tan trong cc dung mi thng thng,
ch tan trong pyridine.
Du nhn tng hp
Theo phng php 2 ngi ta chia du tng hp thnh nhng loi chnh sau:
hydrocacbon tng hp, este hu c, poly glycol, v este photphat. Bn hp cht chnh
ny chim trn 40% lng du tng hp tiu th trn thc t.
Ngy nay, t c cc tnh nng bi trn th du c cha nhiu ph gia khc nhau.
Chng c th c pha ring l vo du nhn hoc phi trn li vi nhau to thnh
mt ph gia ng gi ri mi a vo du nhn.
Cc loi cht thm nhit dng nh l cht thm quan trng nht v khi ng c ngng
hot ng l lc du ngng tun hon v khi cht thm ty ra cng ngng hot ng
cn cht thm nhit th ngc li, s hot ng mnh hn, n khng cho lp du mng
trn cc chi tit cha ngui c kh nng bin thnh sn.
Ph gia ty ra
Ph gia phn tn
Ankenyl-poly-amin-suxinimit.
Ankyl-hydrobenzyl-polyamin.
Este-polyhydroxy-suxinic.
Poly-aminamit-imidazolin.
Polyamine suxinimit.
Ester-photpholat.
Ph gia c ch n mn
Ph gia c ch g
Ph gia chng mi mn
Ph gia bin tnh, gim ma st (FM) c chc nng lm tng bn ca mng du, gi b
mt kim loi tch ri nhau, ngn khng cho lp du b ph hoi trong iu kin ti trng
ln v nhit cao.
Ph gia bin tnh FM lm gim h s ma st, bo tn c nng lng, tit kim c 2-
3% nhin liu cho t. Ph gia FM c s dng khi cn to ra chuyn ng trt m
khng c rung ng v khi cn c h s ma st nh nht.
Ph gia FM bao gm nhiu loi hp cht cha xy, nit, lu hunh, molipden, ng v
cc nguyn t khc. Cc phh gia ny lm tng bn ca mng du ch yu do hin
tng hp ph vt l, nh lm gim ma st. Ph gia ny thng c pha vi t l 0,1
0,3 %.
Ph gia h im ng c
Ph gia c ch to bt