BN TIN KHOA HC, CAO NG THNG MI S 1.

2007
GII PHNG TRNH BNG LNH GOALSEEK
TRONG EXCEL
Ths. Trn Kim Hng
T trng B mn c bn

t vn : Phn mm ng dng Excel l mt cng c tnh ton rt mnh m, ngoi

vic c s dng Excel thit lp v x l cc bng tnh thng thng nh ta bit,
Excel cn c s dng gii cc bi ton phc tp trong nhiu lnh vc nh xy dng,
thng k, ti chnh lin quan n phn phi xc sut, hi quy, quy hoch tuyn tnh.,
n gin nht minh ha n iu ny l vic s dng lnh Goalseek trong Excel gii
phng bc n
Nguyn tc chung gii phng trnh bc n trn bng tnh Excel l phi xc nh cc
bin, cc hm, lp m hnh v sau dng Goal Seek hoc Solver d tm nghim.
1. Gii phng trnh bc 2
i vi phng trnh bc 2, c 3 kh nng xy ra:
- Phng trnh v nghim
- Phng trnh c nghim kp
- Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit
1.1.Phng trnh v nghim
Xt phng trnh bc 2: x2 + x + 6 = 0
Thc hin cc bc gii phng trnh trn nh sau
Bc 1. Xc nh bin, hm v lp m hnh trn bng tnh (Hnh 1)

Hnh 1: Lp m hnh
Bc 2: Chn B7, thc hin Tool/Goal Seek khai bo trong hp thoi (Hnh 2)

Hnh 2 : Khai bo

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 BN TIN KHOA HC, CAO NG THNG MI S 1.2007
Bc 3: Kch chn OK xut hin bng thng bo kt qu (Hnh 3 v Hnh 4)

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 BN TIN KHOA HC, CAO NG THNG MI S 1.2007

Hnh 3: Kt qu tm kim Hnh 4: Kt qu

T thng bo trong Hnh 3 ta thy Goal Seek khng tm c gi tr no ca x f(x) t gi

tr 0, c ngha l phng trnh ny v nghim
1.2. Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit
Xt phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = x2 + 5x 6 = 0
Vi phng trnh ny d nhn thy c 2 nghim l x1= 1 v x2 = - 6
Thc hin gii trn bng tnh nh sau
Bc 1: Xc nh bin, hm v lp m hnh trn bng tnh
Ti A7, A8 nhp gi tr khi to cho bin x1, x2
Ti B7, B8 ln lt tnh gi tr hm f(x)= x2 + 5x 6 (gi tr x chnh l gi tr trong
A7, A8 nh Hnh 5)

Hnh 5: Lp m hnh

Bc 2:
- Tm nghim x1:
+ Chn B7
+ Kch Tool/Goal Seek khai bo nh Hnh 6

Hnh 6: Khai bo

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 BN TIN KHOA HC, CAO NG THNG MI S 1.2007
+ Kch chn OK cho gi tr nghim x1 (Hnh 7)
+ Lm trn Format/Cells/Number/Number (Hnh 8)

Hnh 7: Kt qu Hnh 8: nh dng s liu

- Tm nghim x2 : Chn B8 v thc hin tng t (Hnh 9 v 10)

Hnh 9: Kt qu nghim x2 Hnh 10: nh dng s liu

Vy Goalseek tm c 2 nghim phn bit l x1=1 v x2 = -6

1.3.Phng trnh c nghim kp: Thc hin tng t nh vi phng trnh c 2 nghim phn
bit
2.Gii phng trnh bc n (n>2)
Thc hin theo nguyn tc tng t nh i vi phng trnh bc 2

3.Nhng vn cn quan tm khi khi to bin gii phng trnh bc 2 c 2 nghim

phn bit
Trong phn trn, trc khi gii phng trnh bc 2 c 2 nghim phn bit cn khi to gi
tr ban u ca 2 nghim, cc gi tr khi to ny l ty hay phi c rng buc no?
3.1. Vi vic khi to 2 gi tr l 5 v 14 (Hnh 11) th khi gii phng trnh ny u cho ra 2
nghim c cng gi tr l 1 (Hnh 12)

Hnh 11: Khi to bin Hnh 12: Nghim tm c

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 BN TIN KHOA HC, CAO NG THNG MI S 1.2007
3.2. Vi vic khi to 2 gi tr l 5 v -14 (Hnh 13) th khi gii phng trnh ny u cho ra 2
nghim chnh xc c gi tr l 1 v -6 (Hnh 14)

Hnh 13: Khi to bin Hnh 14: Nghim tm c

- T v d gii phng trnh bc 2 trn v mc 3.2. c th rt ra nhn xt rng khi khi to

gi tr ban u cho bin c th chn v s gi tr.
- T 3.1. cho thy vic khi to gi tr ban u phi tun theo iu kin rng buc nht nh.
3.3. tm iu kin rng buc hy xt li phng trnh ax2 + bx + c = f(x) khi v trn th
c dng sau (Hnh 15)

Y Y
b
x
x2
X
x1 2a x2
X
O x1
b O
x
2a
Hnh 15: thi hm f(x) Hnh 15: thi hm f(x)
b
Ta cc tr x nm gia 2 nghim x1 , x2 ca phng trnh
2a
Vy khi khi to bin cn phi tnh gi tr ca b/2a, chnh gi tr ny l im phn chia 2
min gi tr khi to, c ngha l nu gi tr khi to cho x 1 nh hn (-b/2a) th khi khi to gi tr
cho x2 phi m bo ln hn (-b/2a).
Nh vi ax2 + bx + c = x2 + 5x 6 = 0 c b/2a = -5/2*1 = -2.5 nu khi to x1= 5 (> -b/2a)
th khi to x2 phi nh hn - 2.5 (<-b/2a)
Kt lun: Dng lnh GoalSeek rt thun li khi gii phng trnh bc n ni chung v phng
trnh bc 2 ni ring, tuy nhin cn ch n vic la chn gi tr khi to trnh trng hp
thiu st nghim.