ICELLULAR PRINCIPLE & BASIC RF OPTIMIZATION _ $2 | | Sw se uoiy When — ae FOMA FOMA® Frequency Divison Multiple Access 1 Sonibten bran staat sap ‘Sica ara + FDMA ~ Frequency Division Multiple Access ese aaena gun tn ee a + TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access + CDMA — Code Division Multiple Access. TDIA= Time Dion Mute cess To 2 teat tera ant stg tote so wom vee | nace en coma, (COMA= Cote Division Muse Access 2 Bersibowa tebrpa vse cst cag z i “ stoura margpowon eon sy ran ao Ee =f oth yea traaan enter et a gens | [flows om Sensojesm Physical Channels Benes [GSM Logical Channels Teninee| + Twotypor fogs chanel ar defines ete and conrel chan + Exch fer sb-dded a sto t EE + TOMA Frame = 8 Time Siots (0.577 ms each) + Physical Channel =1 TS ofthe TOMA Frame on 1 specific carer + Logical Channel =the "purpose" a physical channel is used for ernChi overview of Logical Chanets + Samo in GSM900 and GSM1800 F ebeo\ matey [Eearearcranners= |Broadcast Channels (BCH) ‘Treinoe| Frequency Correction Channel (CCH) Channel (SCH) Broadcast Control Channel (8CCH) Frequencies, Frequency hopping sequence, Channel combination, aging groups infomation on nelghbour ets + Carll tequency plan needed 1 BecHis not slowedtotvolveln FH PC Men — aE [Logical Channels =~ |Common Control Channels (CCCH) Paging Channel (PCH) mobi erminate est Random Access Channel (RACH) + suse by he mele station in rae ton searesponse toa PCM Access Grant Channel (AGCH) [as a Fixigec| + is broadeas ny al the BTSs ofa Location ave in te ease ofa ranean, oF Sere Badiated Ghannele (OCH) Tinines| Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) ‘Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH) ‘Traffic Channels (TCH) (estas err ae 3 an es = em [Logieal Chan ~Use a, Sense + Each cellhas a designated BCCH cartier cartying the contol ‘physical channel and BCCH logical channel + AVBCCH carters transmit continuously on full power by ‘ting all imestots vith traffic, signaling or dummy bursts + BCCH carters use maximum frequency re-use distance to ‘reduce Inierfetence + T50 of he BCCH eatir contains the cls physisl conte cchennel + The physical control channel comprises @ numberof logical contol channels + Addiional physical channels on the BCCH may be required {or axra control channel capacty + Remaining physical channels on BCCH carter carry traffic channelsTiming Advance + Ta gapa snares secon a aurberbewoun Oar Unser paraie leans io wrest ase + Tevausaloaste Year fom iste TS are ack * Eeghtpe Tava comands at TB oe of 800 + Masia W973 dance stone TAs 3 (084500) LM same Memes Timing Advance ‘Fiaings| + Thvalue updates are srt tthe MS on he CCH + Tne TeningAdvence technique enw a8 adept fame Nowe = enw BCCH Carrier Measurements ‘Trnines| + BCCH carrier measurements are used for + Idle Mode: Cell Seection/Reselection + Dedicated Mode sHandovers Power Conia +Call Maintenance Maes = + Neighbouring Cells: “MS scane all easers sted inthe BA list and identifies the 6 strongest + Signal evel averaged over at least 5 measurements + Result stored in RXLEV (n) parameter + MS must atlempt to decode the BCH channel of 6 ‘best neighbours at least every 30 seconds * Serving Cell “+ Measurements taken during allocated paging block + Measurements averaged over § consecutive paging blocks or 5 seconds (whichever greater) aon _— Me nove BCCH Carrier Measurement | = Dedicated Mode + MS measures neighbouring cells fr: + DOCH Recoive Sina Level PALLeW) + MS measures serving cel for: 1+ BOCH Receive Sina Level a_Lav Ful) += BOCH Recoive Signal Qulty (Px Cusl Fu) + to TC Receive Signa Leal (Rx Lev. Sib) + eo TO Receive Signal Qaliy (x Ove Sub) + MS sends a Measurement Report to the BSC on 'SACCH every 4 TCH Muliframes + BSC measures MS uplink Rx_Qual and x_Lev Loos a enone |Cell Selection Procedure + MS powers-up Tiainee| + MS starts measuring received power level ofthe BCCH Carer fora cals range + MS calculates average power level received rom each ca: + Stored in RxLev(n) parameter + MS calculates a C1 parameter for each measured cartier based on the Foev(n) values + Mobile compares cals which give a postive value of G1 ‘nd "camps-on fo the eel withthe igheet C1 value es — ennCell Reselection Causes ‘Tininee| + C1 indicates that the path loss to the serving coll has become too high + Downlink signalling failure + Serving cell has become barred + Better cell (in terms C2 value) + Random access attempts unsuccessful after "Max retrans" repetitions Mas a er (Call Phases Cee [GSM FREQUENCY FREQUENCYREUSE ‘There re total 124 carers in GBM ( acinal 60 caries are avatele TEGSIA bag isu), + Esch carer nae tines ans 7 can be utes fr trai hen 8 ‘marin of 88 (124% 7 eae canbe made. THe nat eneugh + Tae same RF carr canbe used fr many conversions in several Altern eos athe sams tne + The rot carers misitie are locale sccordng to regular ptr which peat over the whole coverage sea +The pater tobe used dopends on rate rouomert na epeerun eve. + Sem ya repost ptm are 42, 721 ee [GSM SPECIFICATION [Hierarchy Service Area oo == os s = @ Whos am Tininee|‘+ Numbering Standard by CCITT cc+Noc+ SN MCC + MING + MSI, a eo exes serosa Ga th elon sre SON Geende Susi (techn chen opeairn 6285622332751 [ase ae eva | [ess coe Ponies 8613417529447 ame ao00t2s294tt176 ‘ac ng bc or (totam nn oper) 1001670190173. ass = Serre ‘+ Unique number that identity a mobile subscriber in the PLMN Network + Composition of mst: ice ¥ me + ew + Unique number to identity mobile device in GSM Network Sa ae eee —— sie sao esos HR es co er coe en[Lar Fiaines| “tio uteate ety Loan es ‘stature’ MCC + MNC+ LAC Uc: Lectern Case Leper 860 om Question hos om Serre GCI catty cate cis LA ‘Smee MCC +MINC+LAC + Cl cat antestin = 2b BD fomootorras tonal Question: mt xenon» teompee coi? cake hea aa Bs iG (bade Statich Gentil) Code), i teaiges| pare NCC = Network Color Code ACC = Base Station Color Code + In GSM system, each BS is allocated with a local color code called base station identity code (BSI) + If ina physica location, one MS can receive the BCCH TRX of two cells at the seme time end their channel numbers are the same, the MS will distinguish them by the BSIC + NCC ranges from 0-7. BCC ranges from 0-7. Ls — © Yona NGC and BC the result the network. NCC) in the BSIC serve thie purpose. [BCGH in the same GSM PLIN, {in the connection made (during conversation), the MS ‘musi measure the signals inthe edjacent cells and report {DAs each measurement report sent by the MS can only contain the contents of sx eels, so itis necessary to. Cont the MS so as to only report the information of cells factualy related to the ea! concerned, The high 3 bits (.. The BCC is used to dently diferent BS using the same Fraings| {ingeneral, its required that Cols A,B, C,D, E and Fuse diferent BSIC, When the BSIC resources are not enough, the ces close to each other may lake the prion to use diferent BSIC. Les ea erby an MS + Mobie Terminating Cal MTC: Cal setup. where an MS is the caled pay ws spun rs eee ace cee re = Mes featSetap Fans = Diet raed are necessary pending on telnaig an tering pany ener CaN: ein. hh a a + ALsome point, the user's signal is weak enough at B, and strong enough at 8, fora handoff o occur + Speciealy, messages are exchanged between the user, B., and B, 50 that communication tofrom the user is ‘ransferred from B, fo Bs Me mwas 3 MB ures tn ew Heaney. ane entation rosbe cst Me mer eee en ons SL a ea[FREQUENCY HOPPING by eterent requencios Siorenttmesot 86 nwt FREQUENCY HOPPING Introduction to Frequency Hopping + Can be used to improve the quality ofthe network * esgieaane murray toe omy Frines| ‘Te way kwon + Each bts wens on ferent requney + Bath mobile and bese statin flow he same hoping sequence [FRE ‘QUENCY HOPPING Intuetion to Frequency Hopping Faseg ~ Cee uty atrrton = isrequengy fice be gta nd inpoves uy Te imi to facing insenes by epoaingHyteauecy Sicha ty ors eeeergeeat aay + Therado units vans ways te sae Hequeey + Number of tequnse orhappng = Number ferns +The roto uns are alvayswansmting aed equncy and tequeney hopping fees by noun We oat fe ety ea * la capien be calle ys pocasced by te came radi unt cho tne ner the cat sara, + Thereof oquonces to hep overs ited by he number era tts equippee inte x + The BOOM carer can hop In tests 1 19 7 (thou poner carr. on Me manner Mas [FREQUENCY HOPPING: c "TYPES OF NOPEING ‘SyntesiserFrequoney Hopping (SF) + Theradiantecunge (in) he Fequarey wer bast +The cal aye eay ine same radon + Number otequencis fr hoping» Number ef cares +The rao nts can hop over a range of eferent tequencie, 6] eo! Motel) Hybrls combine are rut inte bese ston (Canty Combiner ‘inrot be wes ah SF) 1+ The BCCH cari ean never op MemosEi ‘Hrainge| Fer fewer PoHBNg cpa, GSM soles he towey Set et ‘Mb aocaton (A sett wanes emai stove to hep oe fot (at aocaen) anougy ean be ow sua EH he aa tat ‘feions em? mane couse tabi BEG ae a ora in oping Sewnen Naar (81 Dring ede wad he at 6 ctw he can be ssgnea wae HSN'= 6 pes eee ‘appa Seseca ons Hal = 1 6 pou our paectransom ag + Motte Alain ner Oe (MAIO). etmaime iow tarprg ‘Scare nan aces te enh stat are en Frauen og acter POs ape yt mw by Sed team Wt Nop ve 9 Sper rs os oe Sen [at apaciy= Sensing a Control! Channel (SDCCH) teem ee aie moe + SDCCH channel is key in achi efficient call set-up jing successful & [Cell Capacity - SDCCH Configurations: Fiainee| +15, of BCCH TRK ays forBecH + ccc +18; may bo confguedto cary OCoH + S00CH ehannas nay be conguredin anyother TS Convention but ot aw fo pation TS4 + aba coniguatins + Combines | Capacity Planning ‘Tafiechanel capac neces clovstd estimated 1. Based ante aan a er srr 25 n= 80 9 at rumor oso 00 Sue) End tel Was nos = 60 Gast 8 inevswor=e25en is tooo gay cera numa Me soomnge GSM, 2% Sang some 9 ue gr 661 A @ 1% sing wh 4 Newitcanbe nod at 2 TR eqn 4 Toe ane 2 60 (736 x= 1825+ Tara eps fo hae), 5 21a be mpmentstote ct a Foc rao itt pit one bene ct urea BaTSOEN CeO Stasence cates ences asaeaeat=12775taeal S000H) Hon a Sen “Section 1.6 WCDMA Introduction, ie = 1+ Any technology ean run on ay spectrum but infrastructure and handset evataniy determined the spectrum vee. + Spectrum tat comnony used for CoMAane and COMAZ0O0 ‘oom + Spectrum tat commonly used for GM ‘oom 80oUH (Amries) + Spectrum mat commonly used WCOMNUMTS Ws as Senne + Fast power control (PC) = Rosices the impact of channel fang and minimizes the Inertrene + Soft handover Improves coverage, deereeesiterlrorce + Robust and low complexity RAKE receiver Inroauees muipath versity + Support for flexible bit rates Loon am Me uawer 12[Codes in WCDMA Trainee + Scrambling codes (long codes) Very tong (3840 chips), many codes avaliable = Does not spread the sgnat Used for + Down: osoprte itront celeetre + Uplineto separate eiterent mables ~The correlation between wo codes (wo mobls!Nodess) Is ow [UMTS Architecture Frainge| = NS etn each cone re ona x hare acoe se tandems cont Teron tetoerns wnat ‘sean «aera emiabeed 94 on GSMIGPRS- z rt te sao (TAN ot RagloNetworkConrotle Boome ae User Eaten (UE Trmnas works iter coutrpt fr ease ee “iy Node 8. The varius ies re SL, TSU HS, TL SISO, [es oe Sear meth for Ver Egulpment[Power Control in WCDMA |. te purpae et poner contol) isto ‘rans st ncugh ery to pravent “lcang of atantuers nse et) Exceeding remponbieterence WCDMA Handovers Fiaines| + WCOMA hangovers ean be categorize nto tre diferent ypes ich support tart handover modes se drequoey handover * WcDIAnandove winnie sane reqeney and aye. ‘Sof soe a ar handover urged Intertequiney handover + Handover beeen ifeent fequeces bul wn he same stem Only hard handover upped ~Intesystem handover * Handover tester system. 9, fom WCDMA oS, Cnty hard handover suppres [WCDMA Handovers - Soft handover ~ Handover betwen diferent base signal tba -Upline: Severl Node Bs rece ‘MeUE wansrisios ane kis teal none be Bl ey Wemsver [WCDMA Handovers + Softer handover “porate ainentscore WCDMA Handovers Foes] + Hard handover =Shortineruption une + Terminology ~Aetve set (AS), represents he numberof rks that UE Is Neighbor sets), opresents we nks that UE monitors which are notaeady inactive set [WCDMA Handovers Mandoverparametrs + Ang teks combing seine en cn mes ut of te ‘etd wt grater Trainee] ‘conpte oth ete ne ace eee ape at Sit tang, aa which abe apps nest ul op I. oo Be ores= Repnce window + Represents avi for how mich Ree nw sina ho be ‘exrpatadta ta poorest ere inthe curentstve satin der replace pace = Replace evar ike lace enfactve ste fllascherise ‘ed ered would be epped = Sim 9 ad snd op event, la wh ples oven hee is replace timer er + Baartes: “Replace "resold. ggeing time 1, et with correct Randver parameter names. Wie event mlsing om the example? repo aperion 3 speed tha te Gove fe moving atwl effect the data rate esi moore Societe says ech wt + Intondod Data Rates ~ Reta deta ats wi be erected by * afew (te onies, bc batgs) + Overueat ne equrey 1 ne tent act stich to Ps Serve + Types of Celis and Base station to use them ;" operate in al Calls /f / (een veer + Modulation - GSK. + Symbol Rate ~270 kaymis + Modulation bit ate - 270 kbps + Ratko data rate per time slot ~ 22.8keps + User data rate per time slot 20kbps (C4) * User data rate (6 time slots) -160kps, 182.4kbps + Applications ace required to provide thee own error correction scheme as part of cated data payload aos | Section 1D Basic RF Optimization 15Optimization Requirements _ fiaines| | Optimization Process Fiance] + Performance Optimization requires several things: + Astable system + Porformance expectations and performance goals + A good understanding of UMTS Air Intorface & Networks + A good data measurement / analysis capability + Improving performance in one area should not degrade performance in come other area. Loca = oimins | ews = Sem Concept for Optimisation ‘Tiainge| smmann Pant sper “GS Call Setup 11 ‘rines| ee 00d Ve snesPS Call Setup 1) Raneg| 1 Factors Affecting Network Performancerinines| + Many fats and eter lamer’ can let he network pertooance _RF Parameters Optimization jo part parameters adjustmentCPIGH Coverage Optimization fizined shale . I & oes _ sxeioy So + Cells with ne dominance at all + Tenet the ste ot reiting + orte incest antennas Hokng + Cells with excessive or poor dominance + Duetareneptinum arena ts + odie to ih se + Areas of nor-dominance a Pilot pollution definition: | + SHO canst) + hate set size (0) + 11420, plot potion ets 76 E> Cay ss 1 repeats curing moving Neighbor list classification: + Ing. neghr eal it + Inert. neghr cat ist + Inte RAT nlghrcl ist Howto optimize?. © © + Datacoestn: ve test ‘Data comparson: scanner, UE eases wunne “Analysis Programs Appearance Coverage: “Anetysis for Fulfilment of Semesters, <> Pertir toe Gaurneten ao + omens pate Dereon ete deeii ‘olrierecence, SWHA ad «Pease ventas etc fas; a tordehe ‘many SHO events Call Sotup: ——_Ansysia for Blocking and acl bea om en Revere alsetenMecesees ; 1 Missing negnbors Handover: Ando tiicetindone “D SE ee nat aly Srech esp 1 ae = mows! [Le = a ‘Tininee| 18Problem Symptoms Dns = — =e = Signal Strength Case Test Mobile Measurements SReasbte Rexsone Feiae| Tins] + Antenna Direction Lee + Antenna Height / down tit poe + Site Location L- etotestareyie + Faulty Hardware e.g. antenna ee as isa UE TUNING ffninge| | Short Calls Analysis Fininee| = Voice WideoPs cals pater = shortens casera ag ater meine «dey problem arose ree + Blocked calls: 2 pacer a ns cee Serva een einen 19Long Calls Analysis ‘Tiaines| + Best Parameter Sating ‘Setup 2 call and maintain it unt tis drop (used for the analysis of Relzinabilty performace) Drops during long eal can be used to identity Missing Neighbor Relation + Coverage Problem + UEProbiens + Network Chacaetrities + obners Se nes — Analysis ‘Signal Strength Case Fiaines| = Physh New [an + Change parameter BSPWR , BSPWRT. * Add neighbor relation. ical chang + Antenna direction + Antenna height, site as last option. ‘0 position Ne net + Chock for link budget imbalance ona ten: Uisan donk [Link Budget Analysis ‘Tinings| ‘Coverage Problem - Unbalanced Up-and Downlink pink Power Budget - Downlink Power Busget® 0! = Unk Power Budgets unbalanced! Speman Encomnt ‘cron! Oy Me mses + Increasing BS Output? + Unbalanced link budget + Better BS Rx sensitivity or pre-amplifier ‘Must be matched by higher BS TX power for 1, balanced link budget Link Budget Analysis ‘Feninee| 20[36 Coverage Analysis Trainee] Defining Criterion cieron: ‘Fainge| 21[ Compration Resutr (Weak Coverage, OT verification) ‘Compilation Result (Low Quality) __ffainoo| [ Compilation Resure ‘(Weak Coverage, DT. ise txt ee aap wd wea ssn on 6196 Eto lls nodes on sono sot UT tesa carns he Naa Daa hans oe Pre + lack of coverage, + Interference problems + handover problems ‘Tack of synehronsatios Das + Reasons for dropped calls nin network + probloms with other parts ofthe network Mans ee Serene Dropped Call Analysis ‘Trainee| Overview ‘Thninee| + How to measure + Drive toss + Dropped calls —a abnormal disconnections during call + OMG measurements ‘setup/eonversation + Subseriber perception >TCH drop interrupt conversation > when SDCCH drop, wser redial again + Analysis focus on TCH drop aes = msn 22Overview cont. + TCH Drop ‘Low Sigal stongth Baa Quatty Sudden Lote omer reason TeNDROP (x=F for full rato, x*H for half rato) > total numberof dropped TCH connections > incremented when here's abnormally terminated connections ns nas Merwe Dropped Call - Excessive Timing Advance Fininoe + Drop call due to excessive TA occurs when TAMTALIMA Counter TaDISTA is incremented, 1 beta = BOIS, + Probable reason "-Lecaon: hgh sit, site los to water. ble to eaptre far aay > Parmaers:1) TALIM low TALIM gives the pareeption anor roppod eal ar duet excessve TA VARTA ~ al release TAO=YAXTA he aa Be ne Excessive TA — troubleshooting ‘Frninge| + Check MAXTA & TALIM. Solting MAXTA & TALIM toa hhighor valuo (MAXTA=63, TALIM=62) could help We coverage is vory large, can consider to reducing ‘coverage by down tiking, reducing antenna height, lowering output power Extended Renge feature might be useful ‘Dropped Call-Low Signal Strength Fenix] OTGpEod ale cunt gal aneaci essa downlink (DL), uplink (UL) or bothlink (BL) recsons ood te + femmes =o uch ow aac erate tas Sec sah icc, « Duputpoter= near pow singe {BSC exchange Roper improper LOWSSULDL cave « Urtoneen svuaber behets USM, ca pr © Ooulen big, it ral oe + Check power settings (BSPWRB, BSPWRT), power balance + Check neighbour relations |. use site position on map and manually determine neighbour 1. find suitable neighbour Ti, consistency check to find missing relations + BTS error log check for any hardware faults Indicating high VSWR + Perform drivetest * Check for missing neighbours, swapped fev probable obstacles Laws — weirs | (os ce Ses Low SS —troubleshooting Fininee] [Low SS~troubleshooting cont. __‘Trninee| + LOWSSUL & LOWSSDL settings +The settings of LOWSSULDL influences the counter step + ILOWSSDL 8 LOWSSUL have same value than STS would prabably incieate most ofthe low’SS drop is on thoUL. + Recommend te have LOWSSDL.> LOWSSUL because IMSBBTS consitivtydiferont and SS on ULEDL aro diferent ese 23Dropped Call Bad Quality FFainee| + Dropped calls due to bad quality can occur in downlink (DL), uplink (UL) or bothlink (BL) Reasons + Frequency plan — adjacent and co-channel interference + No dominant server low SS «+ Missing NREL — MS is notable to connect to strongest server + Hardware problems ~ antennas, feeders, connectors Environment near open water ‘+ Extemal- other notworks, microwave inks, slag teansmiters Lene Verses Bad Quality —troubleshooting cont. ffainee| + QLIMUL & QLIMDL - ensure correct settings. Recommended QLIMULIDL = 55 for hopping and QUIMULIDL= 48 for non-hopping + Reduce interforanc consider downtit/power down interferer + Use features ~ IHO,DTX, Froquency hopping, MS/BTS bower Contot ifcan't change freq, thon enn Dropped Call - Sudden Loss Tininge| + Valid when none of tho frst 3 typos of dropped calls (Ge. excessive TA, low $5, BQ) are indicated and locating procedure indicates missing measuroment results from MS es Suaidon Loss Probab + Environment ‘suden drop n 8, such as whon subsebors eter into butsing une + Baton) MS battery fishes during conversation, or bai boing puted + BTM hardware faut + Transmission aut Reason _Téxinge| ory eulden and severe oesrronee of intreree orbad ualty sn Me saver Fininee| Sudden Loss — troubleshooting + RLINKT & RLINKUP ~ check is correct sattings. Consider increasing for certain scenarios + Check synchronization and lnk faults + Chock BTS orror log + Check if ts related to human behavior ernie Tininee| Dropped Call - Other reasons + TCH drops due to other reason than low SS, bad quality, xcessive TA and sudden los. + Reasons += Nope counters reason for ecuring ar subjective Da os 24+ Chock BTS orror log ~ any HW faults + Check with O&M transmission problems, ‘maintonanco work during tho offectod time + Cheek if indicating uplink interference in cell + Chock object type —holp find faulty dovieos 36 Call Drop due freak op ‘Lerch ne EtandRSCP aun i a 2p pat at fr eave sgesin cea very we, es Senne anor ianytowa tate wan rept Fran ete ‘3G Call Drop due to weak Coverage fininee| ae ; Teles cl ponte $2 re wo el ne [Bom rie torunet cziaewnetcat pana. Thm maha scmmm Peat eat Fearon ray MAXRETR: ‘Tinines| + Slotted ALOHA mechanism: Several users may attempt to access channel simultaneously +n ease of collision now attempts aro mado | MAXRETR: Maximum no. ofretries allowed [Ms 25+ Interference os all Setup Fallure Analysis — + Low Signal Strength + High Congestion on SDCCH + High Congestion on TCH + Transmission Fault + Faulty TRUMardware + Contral Processor Overload + Software File Congestion + Collis not defined in MSC. 8 nes Call Setuy ire Analysis. cuenwenmenes | = Lasik ool > aha strana ty “ntrorence > Inetrence ana, + High Congestion on SDCCHE ‘Secbranestneae $ ame ssp congue chanel tee diese tne TH «High Congestion on TCH: ad cpa tango we Samat teu neat eo Failed Call Setup (Blocked Cally ‘Example tho thie ty ‘Tininge| Mutipie Channel Requests. Successful Random Access ater > Congestion in SOCCH, handovers are nacassary landover Performance Analysis + nen moving rom one call to anther nelgnbour el) + Objective: + mobile should be connected to the "best"celt ‘avoid unnecessary handovers + Consequence + good speech quality 26‘Consequence of Missing Neighbours faineo| [Consequence of Many Neighbour Definitions frainco| + Only about 100 measurement samples are possible during ono measuromont period forall dofined neighbour Handover Measurements (Pie > Ratav Fun ‘ty oeobemnes ied hs ai Vere Handover Parameters + Fine-tuning of handover paramotors boundaries in order to ‘Compared to other opimisation measures improvement potential i limited ‘Affected by es a Neston Handover Algorithm Handover Criteria Finnes| + Handover Region (due to quality and level) Ryu Rous — 27“Handover Decision [ si arene | [Sowoany ants al PC LEY SAT FOLE ICT TWN =. BOW Me, iT Dees| S85 DST =H Range He cn > FaLE Fovrtecyet |" usr foms_ me nai) fz recto» mo aren TFL 3a MAL ER Intracell Hando + Stay within cell, change frequency / time stot situation + Ingonerl interference ailernt on aiferonttiestote + ehange to dtforen co may bo unnsceesary tees lsSNEELLSMGELEREDNBE Sever Me ous higher tend on otherness + not etece wits frequency hopsing pram vege nee andre suse ore eh os 8 Senne Intracell Handover + Sufficiont signal lovel * Check for simultaneous occurrence of: Poor quality (high Rx_Qul) Trninge| ‘Level Handovers Finines| + Adjacent cell not stronger than current cell + HO margin + Serving cell has insufficient coverage + “omergency handover" to call with better coverage Me mvc Level Handovers ns saa Tinines| ince Handover Fines] + Maximum allowable BS-MS distance + Default: MS_Rango_Max=61 (bits Timing Advanco,TA) Masia vl 63, eaezpending 35 km b — Menus 28‘Power Budget Handover + Large enought + small enough to Pig Pong 10 "ARLE NCE) >I MING) Sw TAPWR MAN) Lo yRNLEY DLAPWRLED) Swen HANNS ladsTAPWR NASH ‘Handover Case eee hens = Sense Repeated Handov F ope jover (Ping Pong) Faces] | Ph-Peng tandore Se nanwes [ Repeated Handover (Ping F # = Possible Reason 1 = Merry-go-round Handover, Ofiset > Hysteresis Poa am Senses [Repeater Handover (rng POTGT Peussiienaason2e ae + Offset only in one direction e.g A-B for Inter BSC relation cea cone a 4p NOB>AOFFSET [ Repeated Handover (Ping Pong) = Other Possible Reasons + No dominant server + Locating penalty settings + Too small hysterisis setting ‘Teninee| Senses 29[ Repeated Fr - Possible Solutions eng Lara Pamaereg | landover (Ping Pong) ‘Reines| Repeated Handover (Ping Pong) ‘Téainoe| = Possible Solution eee M6 rene conan Be rsneves Handover Case Tiaines| [Handover Reversion Fiainge| — Handover Reversion — Common Reason 7 (Dupiaies& 65IC BCC camino nneanooba Ia) ‘Check layer 3 message ansoecarmana 85° conse? heck rane haan SS, RXQUAL Mas picneeencs naa ca | Dovninkinererence a MS narerence mization Steetce Searing = Repeated Intra-cell Handover frommemames ‘rere hansove sees eral Uk ete + QoFFSeTUL, aOFFSETDL Roreng setting of parameters wileause "unecessary HO “Tum of col Handover Lo oe 30Handover Case = Unrealistic Handover Unrealistic Handover ‘Téainco| = Reason & Solution ton lating stsgs in Serving or age te: Cau te on prpcea «Oval Band nek ith HOS (Senor [spacing etn og MoRuSUrF esReSUrF Whos oe Sern Interference Reduction Fininee| + Power Control + Frequency Hopping + Discontinuous Transmission DTX ‘Power Control + Quality-triggored PC e.g, L_RXQUAL XX P=4 +09.URKQUAL IX P= Trays a paver esicien a pod ay + ituaty sto eng toast RRQUAL vee + Lavel-triggered PC 0.9. L_RXLEV_XX_P= 25 (85 48m) +019, U_RXQUAL_¥X_P=35 (75 dm) ‘rages a power edicien at gas eal aes 0 3‘Frequency Hopping «Cyclic / Pseudo Random hopping + Baseband / Synthesized hopping", es om Memnnoes Frequency Hopping Taino + Cyclic / Pseudo Random hopping + Baseband / Synthesized hopping arco Bon on ope Hn oo esse Frequency Hopping + Cyclic / Pseudo Random hopping + Baseband / Synthesized hopping | OTX ‘iainee| + Goal: Reduce speech data rate from 13 kbps (user speaking) to 500 bps (enough to encode background noise) + reaueo MS power consumption + 88S parameter for DTX! VAS administration "aan a ee nee RE rece Eaves conse DTAOL > FALSE: dma DD anid aS (EET “TRUE : downlink DTX enabled at BTS. FSR ar dt eit Paes [es oe Ses Interference Case Traines| ‘Tinines| — Logfile analysis Frm ogte & map: ‘What channel group suffer trom interference? HOP or Non Hop? + Check Current channal information i TEMS INV, hopping channel and hopoing frequency. ‘Where does the interference come from? Cell name? + Study map and logfile, look or co-channel or adjacent ‘hanno! interference, Does the interference lead to lower SAI? + Look at SA! measurement during high RxCual Maes ce Ne mans 32+ Co-Channol interforonce + Adjacent interference = Poor tagueny plan {he domi e-> ow CN-—>neeated Ragu “Frequency Hepolg io {Exsemal eres eg jammer isi i + Enable Frequency Hopping ora requences vo Hopping grou. + Enable BTS Power Cont MS power contre and make ities sogressve + Change requrey of interferer orinertrea cat + Possible o find new requeey by using TEMS Seanning + Down tit change antnns ot interteer + Redo frequency plan, + etd nom te, as Plt poaton case te flog ae lors. ata Deter wipe srg ns res uta cto ‘Sou, co onoesss Eoiecoowatos SLER mwas seats ‘Sy das ‘Cate ne Hanover Mohn tee eg pt ore pay ‘is euns maize pcs togersnanorer eae omens se ‘sgh ese cat on scapcty Oe Tha terrence ef areas whe stun “rome teeter ee et Plason spay based on scanereats 2 Lact Pet Polaonares lt Pater ngpens rea means Nase sone plownouse ‘lol en tar fe slot along wen sat {@ Pact Fonutor aay base on ean enn own ett 33End of Section 8 mes 34-~waS HUAWEIDigi Section 5 3G LOG FILES ANALYSIS i a : BA#1- Poor Coverage — e Fault description: The position of the drop call was not in the edge of the 3G coverage. The call dropped on cell SC209. (aaa) ae eS she teen teu | Boi AuonSeec_Arqotstens ReginFiter Layak Fret i | TRANS Confidential We HUAWE),Digi 5 #1- Poor Coverage Trainee Analysis: 1. Poor coverage :from the page shown ,we can find that 1... prior to the drop, the best server for the UE is not the same as that of the scanner. 2. the CPICH Ec/lo (and CPICH RSCP) degrades for UE ONLY while scanner shows no degradation. 2. Compared UE data with scanner data, it can be concluded that the best serving cell is not the signal strongest cell. The best serving cell should be picked out by the latest measurement control message and corresponding event measurement report. 3. Check the latest measurement control message . Corresponding measurement control shows there’s no neighbor relation between $C209 and SC128. ) | Confidential Wa HUAWE|,Trouble-shooting add the neighbor relation between SC209 and SC128 Was Confidential we HUAWE.#2 — Drop Call Trainee Analysis As the handover threshold of 1a event is 4.5dB, the delay is OdB, the delay trigger time is 320ms, the filter coefficient is 3 (1 second is required), so the requirement for the handover area is: the lasting time when (Ec/lo of 506 cell — Ec/lo of 505 cell) < 4.5dB is about 2 seconds . The value in the circle as shown in the diagram cannot meet the requirement. | Wee S Confidential we HUAWE},#2 — Drop Call a erased WN Cert rc ly Status Category Drop Call due to bad EcNo on on 2" Active Set, and found the gap between 1* Active Set and 2" Active set very far Need Re-drive Test | Senter QB Huawei#2 — Drop Call Confidential WY HuaweiRoot Cause Analysis Dancy Cees I (e Drop Call due to lack of coverage, found serving cell |, Accelerate New Site JPP 2018 RSCP -89dBm and EcNo -24d8m ul IN ConfidentialPentre Stem Cay Drop Call due to missing neighbor from ‘SHELTERBNDRNHISTPHXS to GANIDJEMATETMX6 Proposed Neighbor audit So Genieeniel $Y nuawerRoot Cause Analysis Status Category [Drop Call due to missing neighbor from TRIKORAMWS to BENGKELNISSANSTPMW3 uPTRANS Confidential wa HUAWeI#2 — Drop Call Root Cause Analysis Ptr) Drop call during served by PERGUDANGANBLOKFSTPHW2, there is good coverage and quality during drop call, no alarm found also on this cell Need Re-drive Test Confidential WW HuaweiRoot Cause Analysis: Action taken Drop Call due to lack of coverage, found serving cell | Accelerate New Site JPP 2014 RSCP -87dBm and EcNo -21dBm DANAUSUNTERBARATOWMW Wann Confidential we HUAWEIpm on nama enero sri “umnmninnn Kae St HUSUNI YO wowaosr | queens x al ie wa sata a esos | umes aol eS =eeorrmontl roe ssrucuaen een yas Hanan ad gia eaters snowermonar ners oe a MisnNon at ae s atte ‘ince inne meron HNO ce MaseNOR ea smensmmgaiongt at meat weoa Ge DONDE NBOBe coe eee Seared sis “. CETRSSIA luo uonse6uco Jamod YBiy punoy am puy ‘ p3}e9.0 Kpeaile poaubieu siuj eseqeyep Woy 'ZMHdLSSNINILNVONVSId) O} LMHALSUNINLLNVONWSI wos JoquBIau Bulssiwi se paisa}ap 0} anp IIo dog Ze wey s$9) 0} sequinu JoqyBiou ‘2onpas 0} rpne Joqubieu pesodosd IST: Lo} BIE Bott) a 11leD doiq — z# Poet) Beer)#2 — Drop Call Trainee Root Cause Analysis Rereunc lca) Status Category PIC Drop Call due to tate handover from PLUITINTERCHANGEDMTMW3 to PLUITINTERCHANGEDMTMW2, no congestion and Need Redrive Test RTWP stil on fair value Bie SST] vce nae SSE: fe i tee 5 UA covene oem] | 7 oan 2 ssp: IS wetter dott Wy es kent : Seiten kemumeran se Becucon ee Frswcows on x nell tee mommy eit 8 one P UPTRANS Ponidentiel WW Huawei#3 - Non Dominant Server Trainee 7 pT | | Peso | | rcscmtaacers Ue = Bad spot due to poor coverage and no dominant server. = Propose up - Nearest site from spot (AAA_3G-3) with 600 meters distance, is - Propose up blocked by building (Hotel Griya Prapanca), Propose to uptilt AAA_3G-1 = Check actual tilting 094533_BBB_3G-2, propose uptilt-2 from current. - Found overshoot from 094008_Hotel_Grand_Mahakam_3G-2. ull A Confidential LBENS WW puawer AAA_3G-1 -1 from current (done) 094533_88B_3G-2 -2 from current (done) ~ Propose downtilt 094008 CCC_3G-2 +2 from currentDigi #4 - Poor Coverage Trainee 60 ~ Propose reazimuth 097004_BBB_3G-2 to 140 and uptilt -2 - BC2-north part: Nearest site (094210 AAA 3G-1) can't give good from current, ~Bad spot due to poor coverage. coverage due to blocked by buildings at XXX area. Need to optimize _- Propose reazimuth 091381, CCC_3G-3 to -30 deg from 097004_BBB_3G-2 (most reliable candidate) by reazimuth to 140 and current (done 330 to 300). uptilt-2 ~ Propose uptilt-1 from current for site 094265_DDD_3G-1 ~ BC2-central part: Need to auuit site 091381 CCC_3G-3.asDT plot (done) and 094261_MMM_3G-1 shows improper direction. Propose reazimuth to-30 from current, - Add NBR from 094265_DDD_3G-1 to 091361_GGG_3G-3 There's also newsite plan 91358 (106.8117, -6.26211), need speed up (done) OA this site. ~ Speed up OA site 91358. ~ 8C2-south part: Need to audit site 034261_MMM_3G-1 (improper DT plot with SDB), propose uptilt -1 from current and propose uptilt Iseoee pe 3 -1 from current. Also found missing neighbour from u |094265_DDD_3G-1 to 091361_GGG_3G-3 HANS unmuctiiar 32 HUAWEIDigi com #5 - Bad Quality due To Missing NBR © (12589) + 646305) 8 az744s) 2650) 5 50%) roeacnest sae Seige y =A Tare - Bad spot due to poor coverage, cauised by missingneighbour from serving cell - Add NBR from 092462_AAA_3G-1 to 090462_88B - Check actual (092162_AAA_3G-1) to 090462_BBB_3G-1. azimuth of 092162_BANGKA_9_3G-1, SDB=60. - Need to check actual azimuth of 092162_AAA_3G-1. Improper DT plot with SDB > - Propose up tilt 091381_CCC_3G-1 -1 from current (done). need DT with lock SC for all sectors. ~ Check actual azimuth 030462_BBB_3G-1, propose change to - Need to check actual tilting of 091381_CCC_3G-1 as from DT plot and TP shows —_10eg (done). Poor coverage. Propose to upt ilt. ~ Down tilt 094207_CCC_3G_2 and 092139_DDD_3G-2 +2 from - Need audit site 090462_8BB_3G-1 and check actual azimuth. Propose re azimuth current 1010. - Found overshoot from 094207_CCC_36_2 and 092139_DDD_3G-2. hen : Confidential WW wuawei#6 - Bad Coverage due to Improper Coveragettainee Y | Siitacmniase = Check actual azimuth 090682__AAA_3G-1, propose reazimuth to = Bad coverage due to this spot is not on the main lobe of nearest site. = Check actual azimuth 090682__AAA_3G-1, propose to 30. And check actual 30deg azimuth 090682_AAA_3G-2 propose to 150 = Check actual azimuth 090682__AAA_3G-2, propose reazimuth to Found overshoot from 094445 BBB_3G-1, propose to downtilt 150deg. ~ Propose downtilt 094445_BBB_3G-1 +2 from current. | Ns Confidential we HUAWEI-Overshooting site 92128_AAA_3G-3 -Overshooting site 90094_BBB_3G-3 -Overshooting site 093151_CCC_3G-2 (Ant Type K741794, Height 21, Azimuth 140, MDT 3, EDT 2) ACTION: -Down tilt EDT site 092128_AAA_3G-3 (height 29, ant type DXX-1710-217017 10-21 70-6565-1 8i18i-MM, Azimuth 300, MDT 3, EDT, 2) from 2 to 4 degree -Down tilt MDT site 92128 AAA_3G-3 from 6 to 8 degree -Down tilt MDT site $3151_CCC_3G-2 from 3 to 5 degree de S Confidential Wa HUAWEIPRE ANALYZE: * Bad Eclo doe to no dominant serve from site : -090358_AAA_3G-2 (Ant Type K741794, Height 24, Azimuth 150, MDT 1, EDT 2) -090358_AAA_3G-3 (Ant Type K741794, Height 24, Azimuth 330, MOT 0, EDT 2) FINDINGS: -Findings Intermittent alarm CCP & NCP Fault on site 090358_AAA_3G ACTION: -ReDriveafter Alarm Clear UPTRANS Confidential WA Huawet#9-Drop Call Due to Site has Alarm SFOs kW AAKO ED Bees a * Dropped Call 2 happened due to late remove active cell from site 090170_AAA_3G-6 to 094629_6B5_3G-6 also site 094629_BBB_3G have alarm since 04/12/2014. * Action : 1. Check/Modify active cell parameter between 090170_AAA_3G-6 and 094629_8BB_3G-6. 2. Clear alarm. Confidential Wes Huawei= asain oar Jonng nb BESDDUEHade PRONE ope Koma Faye FO, Com | ms hipaa pignsezsonsctabenoneer_JeoRATETINE_ SO, eHOsE sei ge tl Sep FIN el Pe PN POM, | ae Confidential-Overshooting site 080468_AAA_3G-2 (Ant Type K741794, Height 42, ‘Azimuth 240, MDT 4, EDT 2) -Overshooting site 090344_BBB_3G-3 (Ant Type K741794, Height 23, Azimuth 330, MDT 3, EDT 2) ACTION: -Down tilt MDT site 090468_AAA_3G-2 from 4 to 6 degree }own tilt MDT site 090344_BBB_3G-3 from 3 to 5 degree RANS Confidential ws HUAWEI#12-Bad EcNo due to Pilot Pollution Teal com. sn ] +) Poor Coverage due to poor RSCP (no dominant serving) when Re-azimuth site 101699 BBB_3G_1 from existing served by site 280562_AAA_3G-2. Event near site is (degree) to 90 deg to make this spot better 101699_BBB_3G_1 but its main beam not inline with spot area. coverage RSCP lee Confidential WW puawer#13-Analyzing Pilot Pollution Problem Trainee ®@ Pilot Pollution analysis based on scanner data Pilot pollution causes the following network problems. + Ec/lo Deterioration: Multiple strong pilots interferes useful functional signals, so lo increases, Ec/lo decreases, BLER increases, and network quality declines. * Call Drop Due to Handover: More than three strong pilots or no primary pilot exists in multiple pilots, frequent handover occurs among these pilots. This might cause call drop. * Capacity Decline: The interference of the areas with pilot pollution increases, the system capacity declines. Scanner Pilot Pollution ‘| . age EE KP le 2 sean os Using Assistant to analyze Pil|astsset tune [Sesser Setting [pinning tre BK Frequency: 10868 Property Value g %, oe = 1. Customize Pilot Pollution ee tine te Hier @) [ase Sree & 68 ascr pe he = Sie tac a me z | A 10 Toat Threshold ‘5.000 aa — +0 St Rewmt a 110,000, Macs cs ; zi We HUAWEI#13-Analyzing Pilot Pollution Problem Trainee @ Pilot Pollution analysis based on scanner data 2. Locate Pilot Pollution area 114. 401170 23. 108104 2008-08-04 11:29:21. 218 a pilots include: Pilot Pollution happens near the bridge. Multiple strong * signals on the thither side of the bridge * signals along with the street Confidential@ Pilot Pollution analysis based on scanner data 3. Confirm the cells causing Pilot Pollution + SC224 (available signals on the thither side of the bridge) *$C50, SC176/SC178, SC170 (overshooting on the thither side of the bridge) + 8C26 (overshooting along with the street) - + SC1 (available signals) 4. Solutions Antenna down tilt adjustment + Reduce antenna down tilt to increase cell coverage range on the thither side of the bridge. e.g. SC224. «Increase antenna down tilt to reduce coverage range on the thither side of the bridge. e.g. SC170 and SC176/SC178. + Increase antenna down tilt to reduce coverage range along with the street, e.g. SC26. After adjustment, pilot pollution here reduced above 90% Wonns Confidential+ = - tt ‘Call Drop due to weak Coverage @ Weak coverage The characteristic of weak coverage is: weak RSCP and Ec/lo, TxPower increases, even reaches the maximum before call drop 1. Check the Ec/lo and RSCP around this call drop point We will find that receive signals in red box are very weak, especially before the call drop. detail. Page 30 UPTRANS Confidential com, WY Huawei@ Weak coverage 2. Observe RSCP and Ec/lo before call drop On the charts, we will find that Ec/lo and RSCP in Active Set and Monitor TIS GOALS SETH awa] 6 TE DUALEOT ba RCP aa Set became worse and worse. UE has send “Measurement Report” many times, but there was no right cell to provide enough coverage. ActiveSet Update C: Tleasurenent Report Neasurenent Report Measurement Report leazurenent Report Measurement Report Neasurenent Control Measurenent Report Usazorenent Report leasurenent Report Weasurenent Report Heazurement Report AetiveSet Update Taster Taformati on Ei Page 31 QW Huawei@ Weak coverage 3. Analysis The distance from call drop point to SC212 (nearest working cell in Active Set) is 2078m, and the azimuth of SC212 is reverse to call drop area. There is a much nearer cell SC190, but it seems not to work. 4. Solution * Check the site in red box, and turn it on * Adjust RF paramete 33a» t * sot ' Page 32 utes Confidential we HUAWEIul nt Ms "3 0 0785. i i i i ja io 00 ni sar. 680. i ic TERT. sat 0385 1910907: 78 07 i H e i 03 1G 04-19 1 174 (0285. i ize (oTPU-oat 03 I [TRU GATA-FWD: 3 i x r ioTPU, 03 a 08 16-08-18 Tous: 0295. 10-04 a ioe 05 | sare aos —| o08:18 Fa. OF 40474) [100485 ie Noreit-19 1907. iraana “acing i140 fren tiainb 1S i075 ro O. 07 i a. oa 2 0s Isaer7, [reo Teen i MELEASE RE NEST oxrozes [isabrr [oe a, [oom ear IU FeL it s the ason ronisatior TLEBNS Confidential Page 33) it 7 1a 2 2 ores. 180 f crt oieours v.97 32179 7 (ones. | oae-tB ter: (0085, a CATA (028s oor (0285 a a INONE™ 1078s ieia.ora igiaoraes) = xt, jotae.t9 1007 Fc FAL insaes = x UE T9c09, ° " 1 jouer 007 sara) We Fens 1 2 ‘i pornuenerenestirh) [essere tacny [reg Tree Favaaé ju. eete r sat [ixjazse. peibOeTSiBarSA2)[sAUFY [UE Tren (nao, “Un ReLEnGe ‘ing vs the reason of innection Failure ir Page 34 UPTRANS Confidential we HUAWEIPage 35 Ne NS Confidential we HUAWEIRSCP > -92 dBm EcNo > 14 dB [Throughput DL > 428kbps Confidential Spot : Bad Quality#01 Analyze : + RSCP and EcNo degrade due to no dominant site serving to these spot + Spot serving from far site Palmerah and Jeramah Bolong was indication overshoot + Found alarm Power JALAN_JAWA_JBIM MAINS Fail Recomendatio + Raise PACR site audit JALAN_JAWA_JBIM Action : + Propose Physical tuning JALAN_JAWA_JBIM sector 3 azimuth from 300 to 270, mechanical from 3 to 2 and Electrical from 3 to 2 Status : Open WS HUAWET#16-3G_Bad RSCP&EcNO pic Divas RA Ga 7S iMal eM Vole dn alea Gl) Spot : Bad Quality#01 Analyze : * RSCP and EcNo degrade due to no dominant site serving to these spot + Spot serving from far site Palmerah and Jeramah Bolong was indication overshoot + Found alarm Power JALAN_JAWA_JBIM MAINS Fail Recomendation : + Raise PACR site audit JALAN_JAWA_JBIM Action : + Physical tuning JALAN_JAWA_JBIM sector 3 azimuth from 300 to 270, mechanical from 3 to 2 and IRSCP > -92 dBm 100.00] 2 |EcNo> 14.08 Tis] 99.65] 27.74] 3 [Throughput DL > 128kbps 100.00| _100.00[ 0.09] Electrical from 3 to 2 and clear alarm i Status : Closed utaans Confidential G HUAWEIulffaans Confidential we HUAWEILukte Huhta pit Sec_3 Azmt Sec_3 Azmt Before= 300 . After= 270 sec 3 ) Mec After= 1 Mec Before= 3 Sec_3 ET Before=4 Sec_3 ET After= 2 Confidential YY HUAWelDigi Trainee End of Section ] UPTRANS Confidential WY Huawei