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Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 138 145

Global Colloquium in Recent Advancement and Effectual Researches in Engineering, Science

and Technology (RAEREST 2016)

Conceptualization and Design of an Efficient Groundwater

Recharge system for NIT Kurukshetra
Manisha Yadava*, Baldev Setiab
a
M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil engineering, NIT Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
b
Professor, Department of Civil engineering, NIT kurukshetra, kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India

Abstract

National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra is a 292-acre campus, having more than 7000 residents on the campus.
Due to lack of an efficient drainage system, the campus turns into a system of pools at important locations. This
accumulation of water for long durations creates an unhealthy environment for the inhabitants besides damaging the roads,
pavement and foundation of buildings. Hence, keeping in view all the above problems and status of the campus, rainwater
harvesting can be considered as one of the solutions for addressing the problem of accumulated rainwater in the NIT
Kurukshetra. The total area of the campus is 11,79,607 sqm, out of which 1,15,941 sqm is built up area and rest of the plain
area can be utilized for artificial recharge. In this paper, an efficient design of rainwater harvesting system for the campus is
proposed. The detailed design of the components of rainwater harvesting through artificial recharge i.e. filter gallery,
recharge well, recharge pit, inspection pit etc are provided. It is expected that the result of the study if implemented will
certainly fulfill the dual objective of addressing the menace of water logging in the campus besides enriching the
groundwater aquifer.

2016
2015 The
TheAuthors.
Authors.Published
Published by
by Elsevier
Elsevier Ltd.
Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of RAEREST 2016.
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of RAEREST 2016
Keywords: Rainwater harvesting; artificial recharge; aquifer; average annual rainfall; water logging; catchment area;

1. Introduction

India is rapidly growing its population to almost five times since five decades from 1951 (62.44 million)
to 2001 (286.08 million). Today, with this growing population water demand is not met and water is required in
vast amount. Although essential, but freshwater is unevenly distributed. Only 2.5% of earths water is
freshwater and almost three quarter of it is frozen in the ice caps. In todays world, much water is wasted or used
inefficiently; often demand is growing faster than the supply can be replenished by nature. While competition
over water resources can be a source of conflict, history has shown that shared water can also be a catalyst for
cooperation. By 2025, it is estimated that about two thirds of the worlds population about 5.5 billion people will
live in areas facing moderate to high water stress.

In India, usually this growing problem is taken for granted because of its availability; but in scarcity it
becomes our most precious resource. Therefore, by knowing the importance of water to our thriving industries
and growing population, India has been trying to find ways to meet the increasing demand and the rainwater
harvesting technique is adopted.

*Corresponding author. Tel.:+91-7404538108.

E-mail address: yadavmani041@gmail.com

2212-0173 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of RAEREST 2016
doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.08.090
 Manisha Yadav and Baldev Setia / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 138 145 139

Today, In India, if we particularly talk about Kurukshetra city then the city receives an annual
rainfall of 582 mm and area is 1530 km2. Thus it can be a potential act to catch rainwater and hence rainwater
harvesting is done and later many benefits can be drawn out of this technique.

2. Components of rainwater harvesting

Figure 1: Component of Raimwater Harvesting

3. Methodology

3.1 Study area

Figure 2: Satellite view of the study area

3.2 Hydrogeology

This campus area is underlain by silty clay of low plasticity. Here there were total 7 boreholes drilled at
site upto 10 m depth below ground level. There are 5 aquifer systems within the explore depth of 10m. The first
aquifer is lying within the depth of 1.9m and it is under unconfined to semi-confined conditions. Transmissivity
of the aquifer varies from 1000 to 1500 m2/ day. The result of exploratory drillings reveals the existence of five
tier aquifer systems in the city area within the depth of 10 m as detailed below:
140 Manisha Yadav and Baldev Setia / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 138 145

Table 1: Condition of aquifer at different depth

S.No. Aquifer Depth Range (m) Aquifer Material

1 Group 1 GL-1.9 CL/ML
2 Group 2 1.9-3.0 SM
3 Group 3 3.0-5.0 SM
4 Group 4 5.0-6.0 CL/ML
5 Group 5 6.0-10 CL/ML

3.3 Proposed methodology

To prepare a drawing for survey.

Mark the grid on the study area and collect datas.

Prepare contour map of a given area.

Define a slope i.e. depressing in nature, for determining

the critical area for water-logging.

Design a recharge gallery

Then design numbers of recharge well and auger well in

a recharge pit to store sufficient water in it.

Design of the drainage line connect the recharge gallery

to the recharge pit .

Through this designed pit, water is used for harvesting and distributed
for different purpose.

Figure 3: Block diagram of proposed methodology

4. Data collection & analysis

4.1 General

This chapter consist of layout of the site, collection of survey data, contour map & computation of
area. Hence, starting with its layout plan, simple overview of the area is shown.
 Manisha Yadav and Baldev Setia / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 138 145 141

4.2 Layout of site

This shows the layout plan of the site and pattern of distributing the ground (as a site) in the form of
grid of 5 m*5 m.

Figure 4: Layout plan of the study area

4.3 GIS analysis

Hence below the steps for generating contour map:

x Importing the scan map to the GIS Software.

x Processing scan map and generation of contour line map.

Figure 5: Contour map of the study area

142 Manisha Yadav and Baldev Setia / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 138 145

4.4 Working model

Basically, here two models are proposed:

Firstly, For the water that is directly reaching the ground so, it may contain the soil particle or
contaminants and need to be filtered that is why, firstly these water passes through the filter gallery such that
soil particle or contaminant like herbs, dust etc are properly filtered and then it is allowed to reach the recharge
pit consisting of auger well and recharge well which stores sufficient water according to its storage capacity and
later through it water is extracted according to its use. Above mentioned model is shown below:

Figure 6: Working model for the water that is directly contributing towards the ground

Secondly, For the roof-top water which is contributing it in the ground through the outlet pipes
attaching roof-top with ground. As it does not contain soil particle or any such matter so there is no need of
filteration here, that is why roof top water need not to be passed through filter gallery and is directly passed to
recharge pit consisting of recharge well which store sufficient water and extracted according to its use. Now the
above mentioned criterion is shown below.

Figure 7: Working model for the water that is indirectly contributing towards the ground
 Manisha Yadav and Baldev Setia / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 138 145 143

5. Design analysis

For ground & water that is directly contributing to ground area

Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 35.37m3/day = 1474 lit/hr.

For roof-top area of building that is indirectly contributing to ground

Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 30.81 m3/day = 1284 lit/hr.

5.1 Analysis and design of various components of artificial recharge

5.1.1 For ground & water that is directly contributing to ground area

5.1.1.1 Design of filter gallery & recharge pit

On the basis of Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 35.37 m3/day

Then, Provide a recharge pit = 24 m i.e, Provide a dimension of recharge pit = 4*3*2 m3.

5.1.1.2 Design of recharge well & auger well

On the basis of Rainwater available for artificial recharge=1474 lit/hr. As recharge well has a capacity of 750-
1000 lit/hr & auger well has a capacity of 250-500 lit/hr.So, here 1 recharge well with capacity 1000lit/hr &
auger well with capacity500 lit/hr is designed.

Figure 8: Drawing for recharge well and recharge pit for directly contributing to ground
144 Manisha Yadav and Baldev Setia / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 138 145

5.1.2 For roof-top area of building that is indirectly contributing to ground

5.1.2.1 Design of recharge pit

On the basis of Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 30.81 m3/day

Then, Provide a recharge pit = 32 m3

i.e, provide a dimension of recharge pit = 4*2*2 m3 & Here, 2 recharge pits are provided.

5.1.2.2 Design of recharge well

On the basis of Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 1284 lit/hr

As recharge well has a capacity of 750-1000 lit/hr

So, here 2 recharge well with capacity 750 lit/hr & 1 recharge well in each pit is provided.

Figure 9: Drawing for recharge well & recharge pit for roof top water
 Manisha Yadav and Baldev Setia / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 138 145 145

6. Conclusion

Implementation of rainwater harvesting is essential to fulfill the increasing water consumption by

various sources likes vegetation, washing etc. As here in the campus itself it is observed that there are many
problems due to water logging like spreading of diseases, salinity, dampness of nearby walls etc. So many a
time when water logging occur it is removed by pumping technique. Thus to reduce this effort and again and
again investment in pumping, effective method of recharging is used such that water is harvested and used for
future generation.

Also it would prove to be cost effective and beneficial. If cost-benefit ratio will be analysed then it can
be said that there are number of benefits with this system over its initial investment so, prove to be economical.

Hence, we conclude that the work carried out for the project on Conceptualization and Design of
an Efficient Groundwater Recharge system for NIT Kurukshetra is complete in every aspect and provides
the required knowledge on the topic which will be of immense use when the harvesting unit will be constructed.

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