LI NI U

Gio trnh Gia cng trn my tin CNC nm trong s gio trnh vit theo ch
trng ca Trng Cao ng Ngh, nhm xy dng mt b gio trnh thng nht dng
cho h cao ng v trung cp ngh trong nh trng.
C s bin son gio trnh l chng trnh khung o to h cao ng v trung cp
ngh ct gt kim loi c B LTB&XH ban hnh nm 2008.
Ni dung gio trnh c xy dng trn c s k tha nhng ni dung ang c
ging dy ti trng, kt hp vi nh hng mi cho cng nhn k thut trong thi k
cng nghip ha v hin i ha t nc. Gio trnh cng xy dng theo hng lin
thng vi cc chng trnh cao ng ngh, i hc nhm to iu kin v c s cho
ngi hc c th hc nng cao sau ny. cng gio trnh c s tham gia ng
gp kin ca cc chuyn gia ang ging dy ti cc trng i hc, cao ng ngh cng
nh ca cc doanh nghip ti hi ng thng qua chng trnh khung cho ngnh o to
ct gt kim loi ti trng.
Trong cun gio trnh ny ti vit nhm phc v dnh ring cho h trung cp v cao
ng ngh o to ngnh ct gt kim loi, tp trung vo gia cng trn my tin CNC nh:
cu to nguyn l lm vic, ngn ng lp trnh v cc hnh thc lp trnh, k nng vn
hnh my tin CNC.
Gio trnh do gio vin ging dy nhiu nm ca b mn c k thut trong nh
trng bin son. Qu trnh bin son gio trnh nhn s s ng gp kin chn
thnh ca tiu ban ct gt kim loi v cc gio vin c kh lin quan trong nh trng.
Tuy nhin tc gi c nhiu c gng, nhng ln u tin bin son gio trnh khng
trnh khi nhng khim khuyt nht nh. Tc gi rt mong nhn c s ng gp
kin ca mi ngi hon thin gio trnh hn na.
Xin chn thnh cm n./.

TC GI

Nguyn Quang Thu

 BI 1: KHT QUT CHUNG V K THUT CNC

1. Qu trnh pht trin ca k thut CNC

- My CNC l g?
NC = Numerical Control
CNC = Computer Numerical Control
Cc hot ng c iu khin bng cch nhp trc tip d liu s
Mt dng t ng ho lp trnh vn nng
My cng c c iu khin bng hng lot cc lnh c m ho
- Lch s pht trin:
1. 1725 Phiu c l c dng to mu qun o
2. 1808 Phiu c l trn l kim loi c dng iu khin t ng my thu
3. 1863 T ng iu khin chi nhc trn piano nh bng l
4. 1940 John Parsons sng ch ra phng php dng phiu c l ghi cc d
liu v v tr ta iu khin my cng c.
5. 1952 My cng c NC iu khin s u tin
6. 1959 - Ngn ng APT c a vo s dng
7. 1960s iu khin s trc tip (DNC)
8. 1963 - ho my tnh
9. 1970s - My CNC c a vo s dng
10. 1980s iu khin s phn phi c a vo s dng
11. CAD/CAM
- My iu khin s c in ch yu da trn cng trnh ca mt ngi c tn l John
Parsons.
T nhng nm 1940 Parsons sng ch ra phng php dng phiu c l ghi cc
d liu v v tr ta iu khin my cng c . My c iu khin chuyn ng
theo tng ta , nh to ra c b mt cn thit ca cnh my bay.
- Nm 1948 J. Parson gii thiu hiu bit ca mnh cho khng lc Hoa K. C quan ny
sau ti tr cho mt lot cc ti nghin cu phng th nghim
Servomechanism ca trng i hc k thut Massachusetts (MIT).
Cng trnh u tin ti MIT l pht trin mt mu my phay NC bng cch iu khin
chuyn ng ca u dao theo 3 tr ta . Mu my NC u tin c trin lm vo
nm 1952. T 1953 kh nng ca my NC c chng minh.
- Mt thi gian ngn sau, cc nh ch to my bt u ch to cc my NC bn, v cc
nh cng nghip, c bit l cc nh ch to my bay dng my NC ch to cc chi
tit cn thit cho h.
- Hoa k tip tc c gng pht trin NC bng cch tip tc ti tr cho MIT nghin cu
ngn ng lp trnh iu khin my NC. Kt qa ca vic ny l s ra i ca ngn
ng APT: Automatically Programmed Tools vo nm 1959
- Mc tiu ca vic nghin cu APT l m bo mt phng tin ngi lp trnh gia
cng c th nhp cc cu lnh vo my NC. Mc d APT b ch trch l th ngn ng qa
s i vi nhiu my tnh, n vn l cng c chnh yu v vn c dng rng ri
trong cng nghip ngy nay v nhiu ngn ng lp trnh mi l da trn APT.
 C IM
CAD / CAM
CAD

F MS
CNC
NC

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

- So snh Cu trc my cng c thng thng v my CNC
+ My cng c CNC c thit k c bn ging nh my cng c vn nng.S khc nhau
tht s l ch cc b phn lin quan n tin trnh gia cng ca my cng c CNC c
iu khin bi my tnh.
+ Cc hng chuyn ng ca cc b phn my cng c CNC c xc nh bi mt h
trc ta .
+ Mi chuyn ng ca cc b phn my c mt h thng o ring tnh ton cc v tr
tng ng v phn hi thng tin ny v h iu khin.
- So snh chc nng
+ Nhp d liu: Dng chng trnh NC
+ iu khin: My tnh c tch hp trong h iu khin CNC v phn mm tng ng
kim sot ton b cc chc nng iu khin ca my cng cu.
+ Kim tra: Trn my cng c CNC, kch thc ca chi tit gia cng c m bo
trong sut qu trnh gia cng vi s phn hi lin tc ca h thng o.

2. Cc loi my gia cng s dng k thut NC v CNC

Ngy nay cc my s dng k thut NC v CNC c s dng rt nhiu trong cc lnh
vc khc nhau nh:
- Cc ng dng ca iu khin s
c ng dng rng ri hin nay c bit l trong gia cng kim loi:
- Phay
- Khoan v cc nguyn cng tng t
- Tin trong (boring)
- Tin
- Mi
- Ct dy
- H thng iu khin NC cng c dng trong cc lnh khc:
+ My dp
+ My hn
 + In bn v t ng
+ My lp rp
+ My un ng
+ My ct gi
+ My ct bng Plasme
+ Cc cng ngh Laser
+ My an t ng (thu)
+ My ct qun o
+ My tn nh t ng
+ My buc dy

3. Tnh hnh trang b ng dng k thut CNC nc ta hin nay

Hin nay cha c mt ti liu hay mt cuc kho st, thng k no y v chnh xc
trnh by tnh hnh trang b ng dng k thut CNC nc ta hin nay.
Bng thng k di y l ca tc gi su tm c mt s my CNC c s dng
trong cc c s sn xut, trng hc ca nc ta. Trong qu trnh ging dy gio vin
phi cp nht thng tin v tm nhng ti liu v nhng knh thng tin khc nhau ni
dung bi thm phong ph v chnh xc.
TT Tn thit b Nc SX Phn mm iu Ngn ng Kh nng
khin lp iu khin
trnh
1 My phay cnc CNC-432-
CHLB c Ngn ng G 3 trc
MH600W MAHO
2 My phay cnc i thoi
DMU60T TNC-421- trc tip
CHLB c 3 trc
HEIDENHAIN bng biu
tng
3 My phay cnc i thoi
FCV63CNC CH Sc- TNC-421- trc tip
2 trc
CHLB c HEIDENHAIN bng biu
tng
4 My phay cnc
i loan FANUC Ngn ng G 3 trc
VMC-995
5 My phay cnc
i loan FANUC Ngn ng G 4 TRC
VMC-650
6 My phay cnc
o FANUC Ngn ng G 3 trc
EXCEL PMC-5T
7 My tin cnc
o FANUC Ngn ng G 2 trc
Emcoturn 345 II
8 My tin cnc S15-
i loan FANUC Ngn ng G 2 trc
topturn
9 My tin cnc SINUMERIK-
Vit nam-
T20CNC 810T- Ngn ng G 5 trc
CHLB c
SIEMENS
10 My EDM xung
nh hnh Anh
HURCO-900
 HURCO-250
11 My EDM ct dy
Nht FANUC Ngn ng G 5 trc
HITACHI-2Q
12 My o 3 chiu
M
brown and sharpe
13 My ct plasma
Vit nam
P2580CNC
14 My t, dp,
xoay t dng cnc Nht AMADA
PEGA-357

Cu hi kim tra

Cu 1: hy k tn mt s mc lch s quan trng qu trnh pht trin my cng c CNC

trn th gii?
Cu 2: hy lit k mt s lnh vc v cc thit b CNC m chng ta thu nhn c thng
tin qua bi hc, tp ch, truyn hnh, qung co..?
 Bi 2
CC H THNG IU KHIN V DNG IU KHIN CA MY CNC

1. Cc dng iu khin
1.1. iu khin im im

iu khin im im dng cho nhng nhim v nh v n gin, mc ch chnh l

cn t c cc kch thc a,b,c,d,e,f phi chnh xc, cn qu o chy dao nhanh hay
chm ca bn my u khng c ngha quyt nh.( hnh 2.1 )
iu khin im im ng dng gia cng cc l bng cc phng php khoan,
khot, doa v ct ren l.

Hnh 2.1. iu khin im im

V tr ca cc l c th c iu khin ng thi theo hai trc ( hnh 2.2a ) hoc iu

khin k tip nhau ( hnh 2.2b ). Trong trng hp chy dao ng thi theo hai trc X, Y
th qu o chuyn ng to thnh mt gc so vi trc no .
Trong trng hp chy dao c lp th trc ht dao chy song song vi trc Y ti im
1 ( lc ny ta X khng thay i ), sau dao chy theo trc X ti im ch 2.

Hnh 2.2. Cc dng chy dao trong iu khin im im

a) iu khin ng thi theo hai trc; b) iu khin k tip.
1.2. iu khin ng thng
iu khin ng thng l dng iu khin m khi gia cng dng c ct thc hin chy
dao c lp theo mt ng thng no . Trn my tin dng c ct chuyn ng song
song hoc vung gc vi chi tit ( trc Z ), ( hnh 2.3a ).
Trn my phay dng c ct chuyn ng song song vi trc Y hoc song song vi trc X

Hnh 2.3. iu khin ng thng

a) Trn my tin; b) trn my phay
iu khin ng thng ng dng cho my phay, tin, ct dy on gin.

1.3. iu khin bin dng ( iu khin contour )

iu khin bin dng cho php dng c ct chuyn ng thi theo c hai trc to ra
mt bin dng phc tp, cc chuyn ng theo cc trc c mi quan h hm s rng buc
vi nhau.
iu khin bin dng ng dng cho cc my tin ( H 2.4a ), phay ( H 2.4b ) v cc trung
tm gia cng.

Hnh 2.4. iu khin theo contour

a) trn my tin b) trn my phay
ty theo s trc c iu khin chuyn ng ng thi, cc iu khin bin dng
contour c chia ra thnh h thng iu khin 2D, 2. D, 3D, 4D hoc 5D

2. Cc h thng iu khin
2.1. H thng iu khin NC
Ngy nay cc my trang b iu khin NC vn cn thng dng. y l h iu khin n
gin vi s lng hn ch knh thng tin. Trong h iu khin NC, cc thng s hnh hc
ca chi tit gia cng v cc lnh iu khin c cho di dng dy cc con s. H iu
khin NC lm vic theo nguyn tc sau y: sau khi m my th nht v th hai c
c. ch sau qu trnh c kt thc, my mi bt u thc hin lnh th nht. trong thi
gian ny thng tin ca lnh th hai nm trong b nh ca h thng iu khin. sau khi
hon thnh vic thc hin lnh th nht my bt u thc hin lnh th hai ly t b nh
ra. Trong khi thc hin lnh th hai, h iu khin thc hin lnh th ba c a vo
ch b nh m lnh th hai va c gii phng ra.

Hnh 2.5. Cc iu khin bin dng nhiu trc

Nhc im chnh ca iu khin NC l khi gia cng chi tit tip theo trong lot h iu
khin li c tt c cc lnh t u v nh vy s khng trnh khi nhng sai st ca b
tnh ton trong h iu khin. do chi tit gia cng c th b ph phm. Mt nhc im
khc na l do cn rt nhiu lnh cha trong bng c l hoc bng t nn chng trnh
b dng li ( khng chy ) thng xuyn c th xy ra. Ngoi ra vi ch lm vic nh
vy bng c l hoc bng t s nhanh chng b bn v mn, gy ra li chng trnh.

2.2 H thng iu khin CNC

c im ca h iu khin CNC l s tham gia ca my tnh. Cc nh ch to my CNC
ci t vo my tnh mt chng trnh iu khin cho tng loi my. H iu khin CNC
cho php thay i v hiu chnh chng trnh gia cng chi tit v c chng trnh hot
ng ca bn thn n. Trong h iu khin CNC, cc chng trnh gia cng c th c
ghi nh li. trong h iu khin CNC chng trnh c th np vo b nh ton b mt lc
hoc tng lnh, bng tay t bn iu khin. cc lnh iu khin khng ch vit cho tng
chuyn ng ring l m cho nhiu chuyn ng cng mt lc. iu khin ny cho php
gim s chng trnh v nh vy c th nng cao tin cy lm vic ca my. H iu
khin CNC c kch thc nh hn v gi thnh thp hn h iu khin NC nhng li c
cc c tnh mi m cc h iu khin trc khng c. V d: nhiu h iu khin ny
c kh nng hiu chnh nhng sai s c nh ca my- nhng nguyn nhn gy ra sai s
gia cng.

2.3. H iu khin DNC ( Direct numerial control )

c im ca h iu khin DNC nh hnh 2.6
MY TNH
TRUNG TM

CNC CNC CNC CNC

MY CNC 1 MY CNC 2 MY CNC ... MY CNC n

Hnh 2.6. Nguyn l hot ng ca h iu khin DNC

- Nhiu my cng c CNC c ni vi mt my tnh trung tm qua ng dn d liu.
mi mt my cng c c th iu khin CNC m b tnh ton ca n c nhim v chn
lc v phn phi cc thng tin hay ni cch khc th b tnh ton l cu ni gia cc my
cng c v my tnh trung tm.
- My tnh trung tm c th nhn cc thng tin t nhng b iu khin CNC hiu
chnh chng trnh hoc c nhng d liu t my cng c.
- Trong mt s trng hp my tnh ng vai tr ch o trong vic la chn nhng chi
tit gia cng theo th t u tin phn chia i cc my khc nhau.
- H DNC c ngn hng d liu trung tm cho bit cc thng tin ca chng trnh gia
cng chi tit trn tt c cc my cng c.
- C kh nng truyn d liu nhanh v c kh nng ni ghp vo cc h thng gia cng
linh hot FMS.

2.4. H thng iu khin thch nghi

S dng h iu khin thch nghi l mt trong nhng phng php hon thin ca my
cng c CNC. Cc my CNC thng thng c chu k gia cng c nh ( chu k cng )
c xc nh phn t mang chng trnh v nh vy c mi ln gia cng chi tit khc
chu k li c lp li nh c, khng c s thay i no. Chng trnh iu khin nh
vy khng c hiu chnh khi cc yu t cng ngh thay i. v d khi gia cng chi tit
lng d c th thay i dn dn thay i bin dng n hi ca h thng cng ngh. Khi
nu h thng iu khin khng c iu chnh li lc ct th kch thc gia cng c
th vt ra ngoi phm vi dung sai ( ngha l sinh ra ph phm). trong trng hp ny
trnh ph phm ta phi gim lng chy dao hoc thm bc gia cng, ngha l ta gim
nng sut gia cng.
 Hnh 2.7. S iu khin thch nghi
1. chi tit; 2. Dao; 3. Datric; 4. B bin i; 5,6,7. c cu chy dao
H thng iu khin thch nghi l h thng iu khin c tnh n nhng tc ng bn
ngoi ca h thng cng ngh hiu chnh chu k gia cng ( qu trnh gia cng ) nhm
loi b nh hng cc yu t ti chnh xc gia cng.
Hnh 2.7 l mt v d s iu khin thch nghi. Dao 2 gia cng chi tit 1. Cc yu t
cng ngh khng n nh c th gy ra s thay i lc ct Py ( lc hng knh ). Lc Py
c datric 3 ghi li. tn hiu ca datric di qua b bin i 4. x l tn hiu 5 n iu
khin 6, tc ng ln c cu chy dao 7 v lm n nh lc ct Py . nu lc ct Py tng th
lng chy dao gim xung v nh th lc ct Py s gim xung. nu lc ct Py gim
xung th lng chy dao s tng ln, n nh lc ct c ngha l chng ta n nh c
dao ng ca kch thc gia cng ( tng chnh xc v nng sut gia cng ).
Cng tng t nh vy, h thng iu khin thch nghi c th n nh c cng sut ct,
moment hay nhit ct . v.v.. tuy nhin h iu khin thch nghi hay c dng n
dnh kch thc gia cng, y c cu kim tra tch cc ( kim tra ch ng ) lun lun
xc nh c kch thc gia cng v tc ng n c cu iu khin n nh kch
thc ca chi tit.
CU HI KIM TRA
Cu 1: hy trnh by ngn gn bn cht cc dng iu khin ca my CNC ?
Cu 2: so snh u nhc im ca cc h thng iu khin ca my CNC ?
Cu 3: in vo cc cu sau cm t thch hp:
Cc chng trnh d lu tr ca my cng c s c . Li bi h thng iu khin.
trong mt s trng hp khc, chng trnh c th c truyn qua mt ng truyn d
liu trc tip iu khin my cng c. phng php ny gi l nguyn tc vn hnh .
 Bi 3
CU TO CHUNG CA MY TIN CNC V CNG TC BO QUN, BO
DNG MY

1. Cu to chung ca my tin CNC

My tin CNC c cu to tng t nh my tin thng thng. i vi my tin thng
thng khi gia cng ct gt chi tit thng iu khin phi theo di v tr dao ct, thao tc
kp thi ch to ra nhng chi tit t yu cu k thut.
chnh xc, nng sut ph thuc vo trnh tay ngh ngi iu khin.
My CNC hot ng theo mt chng trnh c lp trnh theo mt quy tc cht ch
ph hp vi quy trnh cng ngh c son tho v ci t phn mm trong my.
Kt qu lm vic ca my CNC khng ph thuc vo tay ngh ca ngi iu khin. lc
ny ngi iu khin my ch yu ng vai tr theo di v kim tra cc chc nng hot
ng ca my.
Hnh dng kt cu ca my tin CNC cng tng t my tin thng thng, ngoi ra my
tin CNC cn c mt s c im ring sau

Hnh 3.1. Hnh dng bn ngoi ca my tin CNC

Nhng c trng c bn ca my tin CNC:
- Tnh nng t ng ha cao: My tin CNC c nng sut ct cao v gim c ti a
thi gian ph, do mc t ng ha c nng cao vt bc. Ty tng mc t
ng, my CNC c th thc hin cng mt lc nhiu chuyn dng khc nhau, c th
t ng thay dao, hiu chnh sai s dao c, t ng kim tra kch thc chi tit v
qua t ng hiu chnh sai lch v tr tng i gia dao v chi tit, t ng ti
ngui, t ng ht phoi ra khi khu vc ct.
- Tnh nng linh hot cao: chng trnh c th thay i d dng v nhanh chng, thch
ng vi cc loi chi tit khc nhau. Do rt ngn c thi gian ph v thi gian
chun b sn xut, to iu kin thun li cho vic t ng ha sn xut hng lot
nh, bt c lc no cng c th sn xut nhanh chng nhng chi tit c chng
trnh. V th, khng cn sn xut chi tit d tr, m ch gi ly chng trnh ca chi
tit . My CNC gia cng c nhng chi tit nh, va, phn ng mt cch linh
hot khi nhim v cng ngh thay i v iu quan trng nht l vic lp trnh gia
cng c th thc hin ngoi my, trong cc vn phng c s h tr ca k thut tin
hc thng qua cc thit b my tnh, vi x l
- Tnh nng tp trung nguyn cng: a s cc my CNC c th thc hin s lng ln
cc nguyn cng khc nhau m khng cn thay i v tr g t ca chi tit. t kh
 nng tp trung nguyn cng, cc my CNC c pht trin thnh cc trung tm
gia cng CNC.
- Tnh nng chnh xc, m bo cht lng cao: gim c h hng do sai st ca con
ngi. ng thi cng gim c cng ch ca con ngi khi lm vic. c
kh nng gia cng chnh xc hng lot. chnh xc lp li, c trng cho mc
n nh trong sut qu trnh gia cng l im u vit tuyt i ca my CNC. My
CNC c h thng iu khin khp kn c kh nng gia cng c nhng chi tit
chnh xc c v hnh dng n kch thc. nhng c im ny thun tin cho vic
lp ln, gim kh nng tn tht phi liu mc thp nht.
- Gia cng bin dng phc tp: My CNC l my duy nht c th gia cng chnh xc
v nhanh cc chi tit c hnh dng phc tp nh cc b mt ba chiu.
- Tnh nng hiu qu kinh t v k thut cao:
+ Ci thin tui th dao nh iu kin ct ti u. Tit kim dng c ct gt, g v
ph tng khc.
+ Gim ph phm.
+ Tit kim tin thu mn lao ng do khng cn yu cu k nng ngh nghip nhng
nng sut gia cng cao hn.
+ S dng li chng trnh gia cng.
+ Gim thi gian sn xut.
+ Thi gian s dng my nhiu hn nh vo gim thi gian dng my.
+ Gim thi gian kim tra v my CNC sn xut chi tit cht lng ng nht.
+ CNC c th thay i nhanh chng t vic gia cng loi chi tit ny sang loi khc vi
thi gian chun b thp nht.

2 Cc b phn chnh ca my
2.1. ng
L b phn lm vic ca my to ra vn tc ct gt. Bn trong lp trc chnh, ng c
bc ( iu chnh cc tc v thay i chiu quay ). Trn u trc chnh mt u c
lp vi mm cp dng g v kp cht chi tit gia cng. Pha sau trc chnh c lp h
thng thy lc hoc kh nn ng m v kp cht chi tit.

2.2 Truyn ng trc chnh

ng c ca trc chnh my tin CNC c th l ng c mt chiu hoc xoay chiu.
ng c mt chiu iu chnh v cp tc bng kch t. ng c xoay chiu th iu
chnh v cp tc bng bin i tng s thay i s vng quay n gin c m men
truyn ti cao.

2.3 Truyn ng chy dao

ng c ( xoay chiu, mt chiu ) truyn chuyn ng quay sang chuyn ng tnh tin
bng b vt me ai c bi lm cho tng trc chy dao c lp (Trc X, Y ).
Cc loi ng c ny c c tnh ng hc u vit cho qu trnh ct, qu trnh phanh hm
do m men qu tnh nh nn chnh xc iu chnh cao v chnh xc.
B vt me ai c bi c kh nng bin i truyn dn d dng, t ma st, c th iu chnh
khe h hp l khi truyn dn vi tc cao.
Hnh 3.2. H thng truyn ng chy dao ca my tin CNC
1-2-3-4-5-6- Cc ng truyn lin gia cc ng c b x l trung tm ( CPU ) ca h
iu khin.
Trong :
1. ng ni gia bng iu khin v CPU
2. ng ni gia CPU v h thng ng c chy dao
3,4. ng phn hi t ng c n CPU.
5. ng ni gia CPU n u ng.
6. ng phn hi t ng v CPU. ( CPU l b x l tringtam6 a h iu khin )

2.4. Mm cp
Trong qu trnh ng m mm cp tho chi tit bng h thng thy lc ( kh nn ) hot
ng nhanh lc pht ng nh v an ton. i vi my tin CNC thng c gia cng
vi tc rt cao. S vng quay ca trc chnh ln ( c th ln ti 8000 vng/ pht khi
gia cng kim loi mu ). Do lc ly tm l rt ln nn mm cp thng c kp bng
h thng thy lc ( kh nn ) t ng.

2.5. ng
B phn ny bao gm chi tit dng nh tm v g lp chi tit, iu chnh, kp cht
nh h thng thy lc ( kh nn )

2.6. H thng bn xe dao

Bao gm hai b phn chnh sau:
+ G tch dao ( bn xe dao ): B phn ny l b phn cha dao thc hin cc
chuyn dng tnh tin ra ( vo ) song song, vung gc vi trc chnh nh cc chuyn
ng ca ng c bc ( cc chuyn ng ny c lp trnh sn ).
+ tch dao ( u rovonve ): My tin thng dng hai loi sau:
- u rvnve c th lp t 8 n 12 dao cc loi.
- Cc cha trong t hp gia cng vi cc b phn khc ( g thay i dng c ).
+ u r vn ve cho php thay dao nhanh trong thi gian ngn c ch nh, cn
cha dao th mang mt s lng ln dao m khng gy nguy him, va chm trong vng
lm vic ca my tin.
Trong c hai trng hp chui ca dao thng c kp trong khi mang dao ti nhng
v tr xc nh trn bn xe dao. Cc khi mang dao ph hp vi cc g dao trn my
tin v c tiu chun ha.
Cc kt cu ca u r vn ve ty thuc vo cng dng v yu cu cng ngh ca tng
loi my. Bao gm cc u ro7vonve ( kiu ch thp, kiu a hnh trng ). Ph bin u
r vn ve ca cc loi my tin CNC c kt cu nh hnh 3.3.

Hnh 3.3. h thng g t dng c

u r von6ve c th lp c cc loi dao: Tin, phay, khoan, khot, ct ren c tiu
chun ha phn chui c th lp ln v lp ghp vi cc g trn u r vn ve.
+ cha dng c cho my tin CNC
Cc cha dao c thng c s dng t hn so vi u rvnve v vic thay i dng
c kh khn so vi cc c cu ca u rvnve. Song cha c u im l an ton, t
gy ra va chm trong vng gia cng, d dng ghp ni mt s ln cc dng c mt cch
t ng m khng cn s can thip bng tay.

2.7. Bng iu khin

Bng iu khin l ni thc hin trao i thng tin gia ngi v my. Kt cu ca bng
c th khc nhau ty thuc vo nh sn xut. Bng iu khin ca my tin CNC
TOPTURN S15 c cu to nh sau:
 Hnh 3.4. Bng iu khin ca my tin CNC TOPTURN S15

3. H thng dng c ct trn my tin ( Tooling system of CNC lathe )

Tt c dao tin trn my CNC u c phn ct l nhng mnh hp kim lp ghp. Mi dao
yu cu ch c lp c nh ti mt v tr trn u r vn ve v c th thc hin t ng
mt cch chnh xc theo chng trnh d c nh sn. Cc dao c th thay i cho nhau
V c th lp ln vi cc my CNC khc nhau trong phn xng. kt cu ca cc dao tin
dng cho my CNC rt a dng v ph thuc ch yu vo b mt gia cng. Hnh 3.5 m
t cc loi dao tin c bn dng trn my tin CNC.

Hnh 3.5 m t cc loi dao tin c bn dng trn my tin CNC

4. c tnh k thut ca my
Mi loi my c c tnh k thut khc nhau, ph thuc vo tng hng sn xut. Trong
phm vi gio trnh gii thiu my tin CNC TOPTURN S15 do i loan sn xut c c
tnh k thut c bn nh sau:
+ ng knh mm cp:
+ Chiu cao trung tm tnh t trc chnh n bng my:
+ Khong cch t tm trc chnh n tm ng:
+ Khong cch chy dao dc ca bn dao ( trc Z ):
+ Khong cch chy dao ngang ca bn dao ( trc X ):
+ tc ca trc chnh :
+ ng knh l trc chnh :
+ S lng dao :
+ Lng chy dao dc ( trc Z ) :
+ Lng chy dao ngang ( trc X ):
+ Thi gian thay i dao :
+ Din tch mt y:
MT S CC THIT B BN NGOI
Cc thit b bn ngoi c th gip cho ngi th hon thnh cc cng vic mt cch
c lp, m rng chc nng hot ng ca my. Gm cc thit b:
- Thit b o dao ( settingguage ): L thit b dng o v tr khong cch ca cc
dao c, vi dng c o th cc sai s gia v tr chi tit gia cng vi cc khong
cch dao c xc nh chnh xc. C hai loi: thit b o in t v thit b o
quang hc.
- H thng o t ng chi tit ( Automatic workpice measuring divice ): L thit b o
t ng t tnh ton n xc nh kch thc b dao hon ton t ng.
- H thng ti phi ( Chip conveyor ): thit b ny dng vn chuyn phoi trong qu
trnh ct gt.
- B phn cp phi liu ( bar feeder ): l b phn cung cp phi liu cho my gia
cng, thng c cc my c chng trnh t sn l my c phn CIM.
- H thng kp phi t ng ( automaticcjaw changer ): L thit b chuyn i kp,
hm phi t ng trn mm cp bng h thng kh nn hoc thy lc.
- H thng thay dao t ng ( automatic tool changer ): qu trnh thay i dao ct
trong cha dao phi tun th theo nhng cu lnh c th hin trong phn CNC.
- H thng dao c trong my tin ( tooling system of CNC lathe ): l b phn ca my
tin CNC thng thng cho php lp 8 12 dao. Mi dao yu cu ch c lp c
nh ti mt v tr trn u r vn ve v c th thc hin t ng chnh xc theo
chng trnh c nh sn. Cc dao c th thay i cho nhau v c th lp ln
vi cc my CNC khc trong phn xng. v vy ngi ta ch to cc loi g dao
theo tiu chun rt ngn thi gia cc thao tc, d tho lp, sa cha v thay i s
dao.

5. Bo qun, bo dng my
Cng tc bo dng my thng xuyn v nh k, tun theo nhng hng dn ca nh
cung cp, m bo ng quy trnh v cc ni dung sau y:
- Khng vn hnh my khi chua c v hiu r hng dn an ton vn hnh my.
- Khng ng chm vo cc b phn my ang chuyn ng, khng eo nhn, ng
h, dy chuyn v c vt trong khi vn hnh thit b. qun o gn gng.
- Phi ct cc thit b phc v ( g kp, dao c, gi lau..) xung quanh my vo v
tr quy nh trc khi vn hnh my.
- Ch : khng vn hnh my sau khi s dng thuc khng c n, ung nhng dc
phm mnh, cc ung c cn kch thch.
- Dng trc chnh hon ton trc khi thay i dao c.
- Dng hn trc chnh v cc trc chuyn ng trc khi g hay tho phi.
- Dng hn trc chnh trc khi hiu chnh phi, g hay vi lm mt ang lm
vic.
- Dng hn trc chnh trc khi o t kch thc trn phi.
- Tt ngun trc khi hiu chnh hay thay i cc chi tit trn my.
- Ch v tr cc phm chc nng khi my dang hot ng hoc dang g lp phi ,
dao.
- Khng c khi ng my khi li ct ang chm vo phi.
- m bo vng lm vic nh sng.
- Vng lm vic sch s v kh ro. Dn dp phoi, du v cc vt tr ngi khc.
- Khng c da vo my khi my ang hot ng.
- Khng my hot ng m khng c s quan st.
- Dnh v v kp cht phi chc chn.
- S dng tc v lng chy dao ng vi tng nguyn cng nu c nhng ting
n v rung ng khc thng.
- Kim tra dao v g trc khi gia cng.
- Ct gi cc vt liu v cht lng d chy ra khi vng lm vic v phoi nng.
- Khng s dung my trong mi trng d n.
- Kim tra t c cc ch ni trc khi lp t vn hnh hay sa cha my. in p
cung cp ph hp vi in p yu cu ca my.
- Ngt tt c cc ngun in vo my trc khi lp t hay sa cha my. Ngt tt c
cc ngun in trc khi m hp in hay hp iu khin. ch nhng ngi c
chuyn mn mi c sa cha my.
- Khi khng s dng tt ngun tng ca my.
 Bi 4
C IM, C TRNG CA MY TIN CNC

1. H trc to v cc qui c
Cc trc ta ca my CNC cho php xc nh chiu chuyn ng ca cc c cu my
v dng c ct. Chiu dng ca cc trc X, Y, Z c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay
phi ( ngn tay ci ch chiu dng ca trc X, ngn tay gia ch chiu dng ca trc
Z, ngn tay tr ch chiu dng ca trc Y ).

Hnh 4.1. h ta theo quy tc bn tay phi

Quy tc i vi my tin CNC.
+ Trc Z song song vi trc chnh ca my v c chiu dng tnh t mm cp ti dng
c hoc chiu dng ca trc Z (+Z ) lun lun chy ra khi b mt gia cng, chiu m l
chiu n su vo vt liu.
+ Trc X vung gc vi trc my v c chiu dng hng v i dao ( hng v pha
dng c ct). nh vy nu i dao pha trc trc chnh th chiu dng ca trc X
hng vo ngi iu khin, cn i dao pha sau trc chnh th chiu dng i xa khi
ngi iu khin.

Hnh 4.2. Cc trc ta trn my tin CNC

a/ i dao pha i din ngi iu khin
 b/ i dao cng pha ngi iu khin
Trc Y c xc nh sau khi cc trc X,Z c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi.
2. Cc im gc ca phi cc im chun ca my
Cc im chun cn c xc nh chnh xc trong vng lm vic ca my.
2.1. im gc ca my M
im gc ta ca my M ( machine reference zero ) l im c nh do nh ch to
sng lp ngay t khi thit k my. N l im chun xc nh cc v tr im khc nh
gc ta ca chi tit W.

Hnh 4.3 v d cc im gc M,W v R

i vi my tin, im M thng c chn l dim giao ca trc Z vi mt phng u
trc chnh.
2.2. im gc ca phi W
Trc khi lp trnh, ngi lp trnh phi chn im gc ca phi W ( Workpiece zero
point ), xut pht t im gc ny m xc nh v tr cc im gc trn ng bao ca
chi tit. tuy nhin cn xc nh sao cho cc kch thc trn bn v gia cng ng thi l
cc gi tr ta . Hnh 4.3 l mt v d v chn im gc W.
im W ca phi c th c chn t ngi lp trnh trong phm vi khng gian lm vic
ca my v ca chi tit gia cng. Chng ta s dng nhm lnh t G54 n G59 v thay
i im W trong qu trnh vit chng trnh ( hnh 4.4 )
G54 X0 Z330
G55 X0 Z240
G56 X0 Z150
G58 Z-90
G59 Z-180
 Hnh 4.4. lnh thay i W
2.3. im gc ca chng trnh P
L im m dng c ct s c mt khong cch an ton so vi im W trc khi bt
u gia cng. hp l nn chn im P sao cho chi tit gia cng hoc dng c ct c
th g lp hay thay i mt cch d dng. im ny c khai bo u chng trnh (
hnh 4.5 ).

Hnh 4.5 im gc chng trnh P

2.4. im chun ca my R
Trong h thng my do dch chuyn, cc gi tr o thc s mt i khi c s c mt in.
Trong nhng trng hp ny, a h thng o tr li trang thi c trc th phi
a dng c ct ti im R. im chun R c mt khong cch so vi im gc ca my
(hnh 4.3).
gim st v iu chnh kp thi qu o chuyn ng ca dng c, cn thit phi b tr
mt h thng o lng xc nh qung ng thc t so vi ta lp trnh. Trn cc
my CNC ngi ta t cc mc theo di cc ta thc ca dng c trong qu trnh
dch chuyn, v tri ca dng c lun lun c so snh vi gc o lng ca my M. Khi
bt u ng mch iu khin ca my th tt c cc trc phi c chy v mt im
chun m gi tr ta ca n so vi im gc M phi lun lun khng i v do cc nh
ch to my quy nh. im gi l im chun ca my R (Machine reference point).
V tr ca im chun ny c tnh ton chnh xc t trc bi 1 c chn lp trn bn
trt v cc cng tc gii hn hnh trnh. Do chnh xc v tr ca cc my CNC l rt
cao (thng vi h thng o l h Metre th gi tr ca n l 0,001mm v h Inch l
0,0001 inch) nn khi dch chuyn tr v im chun ca cc trc th ban u n chy
nhanh cho n khi gn n v tr th chuyn sang ch chy chm nh v mt cch
chnh xc.

2.5. im thay dng c ct N

L im m dng c ct s trc khi thay i dng c ct khc, trnh va chm
dng c ct vo chi tit( hnh 4.6 )

Hnh 4.6. cc im N v E2.5. im iu chnh dng c ct E.

Khi s dng nhiu dng c ct, cc kch thc ca dng c ct phi c xc nh trn
thit b iu chnh c thng tin a vo h thng iu khin nhm iu chnh t ng
kch thc dng c ct. ( hnh 4.5 )
 Bi 5
TRANG B G TRN MY TIN CNC

1. c im ca g s dng trn my tin CNC.

My CNC c chnh xc gia cng rt cao ( m ), do g c nh hng rt ln n
sai s chun khi nh v chi tit trong thnh phn sai s tng cng. g trn my CNC
phi m bo chnh xac g t cao hn cc g trn my vn nng thng thng.
m bo chnh xc g t th phi chn chun sao cho sai s chun bng khng, sai s
kp cht phi c gi tr l nh nht, im t ca lc kp phi trnh gy bin dng cho chi
tit gia cng.
Cc my CNC c cng vng rt cao, do g trn cc my khng c lm
gim cng vng ca h thng cng ngh khi s dng my vi cng sut ti a. iu
c ngha l g trn my CNC phi c cng vng cao hn cc g thng
thng khc. V vy g trn my CNC phi c ch to t thp hp kim vi phng
php ti b mt.
Khi gia cng trn my CNC, cc dch chuyn ca my v dao c bt u t gc ta ,
do trong nhiu trng hp g phi m bo s nh hng hon ton ca chi tit
gia cng, c ngha l phi hn ch tt c cc bc t do. iu c ngha l phi hn ch
tt c cc bc t do khi nh v g trn my ( phi nh hng g theo c hai
phng dc v ngang ca bn my ).
Trn cc my CNC ngi ta c gng gia cng c nhiu b mt chi tit vi mt ln g
t, do cc c cu nh v v kp cht ca g khng c nh hng n dng c
ct khi chuyn b mt gia cng, phng php kp cht c hiu qu nht l kp b mt
i din vi b mt nh v.

2./ Cc loi g
2.1. g vn nng khng iu chnh
Loi g ny c cc chi tit c iu chnh c nh g nhiu loi chi tit gia
cng khc nhau trong sn xut n chic v lot nh. l cc loi mm cp truyn
mo mem xon cho chi tit gia cng. C ba loi mm cp thng c dng trn my tin
CNC ( ngoi mm cp 3 v 4 chu thng dng ).

2.1.1. Mm cp ly tm ( mm cp qun tnh )

Loi mm cp c 2 hoc 3 chu kp. Cc chu kp l nhng chi tit lch tm c lp vi
nhau, khi quay di tc dng ca lc ly tm chng kp cht v nh cc lc cn t hm
m chi tit gia cng khng b x dch d di tc dng ca lc ct.
2.1.2. Mm cp c chn mt u cng ( hnh 5.1 )
Mm cp c chn mt u cng xc nh chnh xc mt u ca tt c cc chi tit gia
cng theo trc Z. Lc kp chi tit sinh ra nh mi tm sau. Nu mt u ca chi tit
khng vung gc vi tm ca n th cc chn mt u n vo chi tit gia cng khng u
nhau, iu lm gim momem xon c truyn t trc chnh ca my.

Hnh 5.1. mm cp c chn mt u cng

1- Thn; 2- l xo; 3- mi tm; 4- chi tit t mt u; 5- chn mt u bng hp kim
cng; 6 chi tit gia cng

2.1.3. Mm cp c chn mt u ty ng
Cc chn mt u c dng trn xoay v c lp vo cc l c cha cht do. Khi gia
cng chi tit c kp cht t mi tm sau, mt u bn tri ca chi tit y cc chn mt
u v bn tri v lm cho p lc ca cht do tng ln. Nh vy tt c cc chn mt u
u tip xc vi mt u ca chi tit gia cng v lc kp tc ng ln chn hu nhu bng
nhau. Mm cp mt u c chn ty ng to ra m mem xon ln hn so vi mm cp
c chn mt u cng. Loi mm cp ny c th s dng kp chi tit gia cng th. S
chn mt u c th l 8, 10, 12 ....

Hnh 5.2 Mm cp mt u c chn ty ng

1- L xo; 2 Thn; 3 Cht do; 4 Chn mt u; 5 Mi tm

2.2. g vn nng iu chnh

Kt cu ca g vn nng iu chnh gm phn g c s v phn chi tit thay i
iu chnh c kt cu n gin v gi thnh ch to khng cao. ga vn nng iu
chnh c s dng trong sn xut hng lot nh, c bit l khi gia cng nhm. Trn cc
my tin CNC g vn nng iu chnh l cc mm cp ba chu thay i iu chnh (
thay i cc chu kp ).

Mm cp 3 chu thay i hiu chnh

2.3. g chuyn dng iu chnh

g chuyn dng iu chnh cho php g t mt s loi chi tit in hnh c kch
thc khc nhau. Kt cu g gm hai phn chnh: phn g c s v phn chi tit
thay i. g loi ny cho php thay i chi tit gia cng ngoi vng lm vic ca my.
Phm vi ng dng c hiu qu ca g trong sn xut hng lot.
g trn hnh 5.3 c dng gia cng cc chi tit dng cng, dng chu kp....

Hnh 5.3. g chuyn dng iu chnh

a/ cc dng chi tit gia cng; l kich thc iu chnh; b/ s g t: 1 thn c s;
2-4 trc g; 3-5 chi tit nh v, 6- rnh nh hng; 7 cht.
g c nh v trn bn my bng mt u ca trc g 2 v cht 7. Chi tit gia cng
c nh v bng mt phng trn cc chi tit nh v 3 v 5 vi cc mt l trn hai trc
g 2 v 4. Chi tit c kp cht bng hai ai c. Cc chi tit thay i 4 v 5 c lp t
v iu chnh theo rnh nh hng 6 ca g. Kch thc iu chnh l L ( khong
cch gia cc tm ca cc chi tit gia cng ).
2.4. g vn nng lp ghp
Thnh phn ca g vn nng lp ghp l nhng chi tit chun c ch to vi
chnh xc cao. Cc chi tit ny c rnh then lp ghp. Sau khi gia cng mt lot chi
tit no ngi ta tho g ra v lp ghp li g t chi tit khc. Do chnh xc
ca chi tit rt cao cho nn sau khi lp ghp ta khong phi gia cng b sung.
g vn nng lp ghp c dng trong my CNC trong iu kin sn xut n chic
v hng lot nh.

2.5. g lp ghp iu chnh

Loi g ny c dng trn cc my phay CNC hoc my khoan CNC. Trn chi tit
c s ( g ) ngi ta gia cng cc h l lp ghp cc chi tit nh v v kp cht
khi mun to thnh g mi.
H l trn g lp ghp iu chnh m bo chnh xc, cng vng v n
nh cao hn h rnh trn g vn nng lp ghp. Hnh 5.5 l cc g lp ghp
iu chnh.

g lp ghp iu chnh

3./ Cch g v iu chnh vu kp trn my

Cc vu kp ca my CNC c iu khin bng h thng thy lc, cho nn ty thuc
vo ng knh chi tit gia cng chng ta iu chnh hnh trnh ca cc vu trn mm
cp.
 BI 6
NGN NG LP TRNH V CC HNH THC T CHC LP TRNH

1. Ngn ng lp trnh
Hin nay hu ht tt c my tin NC, CNC u s dng ngn ng lp trnh theo tiu
chun quc t ISO.
l m G, k hiu chc nng dch chuyn ca dng c ct, xc nh ch lm vic
ca my CNC v c vit tt ca hai t ting anh: Geometric function.
H iu khin ca my tin CNC TOPTURN S15 l FANUC Oi u s dng m M-code
v G-code.
Cc chc nng m G c thng k theo bng 6.1.
Bng 6.1. Cc chc nng ca m G
M tiu chun Chc nng
G00 Chy dao nhanh ( khng n dao )
G01 Ni suy ng thng
G02 Ni suy ng trn theo chiu kim ng h
G03 Ni suy ng trn theo ngc chiu kim ng h
G04 Dng dao vi thi gian xc nh
G07.1(G107) Ni suy hnh tr
G10 Lp trnh d liu u vo ( thit lp thng s )
G11 Xa ch lp trnh d liu u vo ( data sitting )
G12.1(G112) Ch ni suy ta cc
G13.1(G113) Xa ch ni suy theo ta cc
G18 Xc nh mt phng XZ
G20 H n v tnh theo inch
G21 H n v tnh theo mt
G22 Kim tra hnh trnh lu ON
G23 Kim tra hnh trnh lu ON
G27 Kim tra li im tham chiu
G28 Tr li im tham chiu
G30 V tr tr li tham chiu ( gi im tham chiu th 2, 3, 4 )
G31 B qua chc nng
G32 Ct ren- tin lin tc
G34 Ct ren theo bin dn
G40 Hy b hiu chnh bn knh dao
G41 Hiu chnh bn knh dao bn tri so vi ng bin dng
G42 Hiu chnh bn knh dao bn tri so vi ng bin dng
G50 Khai bo gi tr trc chnh ti a
G50.3 Thit lp li h thng phi nh sn
G52 Xc lp h ta cc b
G53 Xc lp h ta my
G54 im 0 th nht ca phi
G55 im 0 th hai ca phi
G56 im 0 th ba ca phi
G57 im 0 th t ca phi
G58 im 0 th nm ca phi
G59 im 0 th su ca phi
G65 Gi macro ring
G66 Gi ch macro ring
G67 Xa b ch macro ring
G70 Chu trnh gia cng tinh
G71 Chu trnh gia cng th theo ng bao
G72 Chu trnh gia cng th theo mt
G73 Chu trnh gia cng th theo bin dng c sn
G74 Chu trnh gia cng khoan nhiu ln/ rnh theo mt ( mt u )
G75 Chu trnh gia cng rnh theo bn knh ( ct rnh theo mt lng )
G76 Chu trnh ct ren
G80 Hy b chu trnh khoan
G83 Chu trnh khoan
G84 Chu trnh ta r
G86 Chu trnh doa
G87 Chu trnh khoan bn
G88 Chu trnh ta r bn
G89 Chu trnh doa bn
G90 Chu trnh ct gt thng ( kiu nhm A )
G92 Chu trnh ct ren ( ch dng ct ren cn )
G94 Chu k ct B ( mt cui )
G96 Ch tc ct khng i ( n nh vn tc ct ca dao ) V
G97 n nh tc ca trc chnh(n), nhp v/p trc tip hay xa b
ch G96
G98 Lng n dao pht
G99 Lng n dao theo vng

2. Cc hnh thc t chc lp trnh

thc hin vic lp trnh gia cng, c hai hnh thc t chc lp trnh sau y:
- Lp trnh ti phn xng.
- Lp trnh trong chun b sn xut.

2.1. Hnh thc lp trnh ti phn xng

Lp trnh ti phn xng c thc hin trc tip trn my thng qua bng iu khin.
Mn hnh ca h iu khin gip cho ngi lp trnh quan st c cc d liu a vo
v kim sot c li ca chng trnh. Sau khi lp trnh xong chng ta c th cho chy
chng trnh m phng bng ha trn mn hnh. Qua mn hnh chng ta c th pht
hin dng c ct c va chm vo chi tit hoc chuyn ng c sai qu o hay khng.
Nu xy ra cc trng hp , ngi lp trnh phi sa li chng trnh .
i vi hnh thc lp trnh ti phn xng ngi vn hnh my phi c trnh tay ngh
cao.

2.2. Hnh thc lp trnh trong chun b sn xut

Hnh thc lp trnh trong chun b sn xut p dng cho cc nh my c quy m sn xut
ln, s dng nhiu my CNC khc nhau, gia cng nhiu loi chi tit khc nhau. Cng
vic lp trnh c thc hin ti phng cng ngh hoc ti trung tm lp trnh ca nh
my. Chng trnh c chuyn trc tip ti my CNC qua mng hay th nh. Nh vy
nh my cn c i ng lp trnh vin c o to chuyn mn ha v ng dng thnh
tho cc phng php lp trnh.
u im ca phng php lp trnh ny l nng sut lp trnh cao v ngi lp trnh tuy
cha vn hnh my thnh tho vn c th lp trnh gia cng cho nhiu loi chi tit khc
nhau.
Tuy nhin, hnh thc t chc lp trnh trong chun b sn xut c nhc im l cc li
chng trnh ch c pht hin sau khi chy m phng hoc gia cng th.
CU HI KIM TRA
Cu 1. in vo cc cu sau bng cm t thch hp:
Trong k thut CNC chng trnh iu khin my c thit lp theo hai cch:
- Lp trnh trc tip trn bng iu khin ca my.
- Lp trnh trn mt thit b ngoi ( my tnh ).
Khi lp trnh xut hin mt................ gia ngi thc hin v .............. ci t trong
h thng iu khin.
Cu 2. in vo cc cu sau bng cm t thch hp:
Chng trnh c xy dng trn mt thit b lp trnh ngoi cn c phi lu tr li.
Cc phng tin lu tr gm c:...........................
 BI 7
CU TRC CHNG TRNH GIA CNG TRN MY TIN CNC

1. Cu trc mt chng trnh gia cng

Chng trnh NC ( Numerical control ) l tp hp ton b cc lnh cn thit gia cng
mt chi tit trn my cng c CNC. Cu trc mt chng trnh NC c tiu chun
ha.
Ty thuc vo nh sn xut h iu khin, cc k hiu chng trnh c th l cc ch s
hay cc ch ci. Cu trc chng trnh gia cng trn my NC bao gi cng c ba phn:
+ u chng trnh: bao gm cc lnh nh: tn chng trnh, khai bo im bt u ca
dng c ct, chn dng c ct, chn tc ca trc chnh, dung dch trn ngui.
+ Thn chng trnh: bao gm mt tp hp lnh v thng tin kch thc phi v cc ch
gia cng.
+ cui chng trnh: gm cc lnh tr v im gc chng trnh, tt dung dch lm mt,
dng trc chnh, dng chng trnh....
H iu hnh fanuc c cu trc mt chng trnh c th nh sau:
Tieu e

au bang Bat au chng trnh

Vung chng Vung ghi chu

trnh

Cuoi chng trnh

CHNG TRNH CHNH ( MAIN PROGRAM )

M u bng v cui bng
M u bng v cui bng ca chng trnh c k hiu bng %. Hai k hiu ny khng
xut hin trn mn hnh ca my CNC, nhng khi xut nhp chng trnh t my CNC ra
ngoi hay ngc li th chng s c dng.
S ca chng trnh gia cng CNC
Chng trnh trong h FANUC c t tn bng ch O + s th t chng trnh. Ngi
ta phn loi cc s th t nh sau:
+ O0001 O7999: Vng do ngi dng ty chn
+ O8000 - O8999: Vng do ngi dng c bo v
+ O9000 O999: Vng dnh cho nh sn xut
+ Bn c th dng bt c s no min l nm trong vng cho php.
+ Nu cn vit ghi ch cho d nh th trong ngoc n. Th d
+ O1001 (Progam A);
+ H thng s c nhng khng x l nhm t trong ngoc n.
S th t v block
+ S th t block N c dng cho d truy xut dng lnh.
+ Phm vi s th t: N1- N9999
+ Nu khng dng s th t block th cng khng sao.
+ S th t block N khng c ng trc s chng trnh O
+ Nu khng c s chng trnh, h thng ly s th t block u tin t tn chng
trnh. C th b qua vic nh s mt s dng lnh.
Kt thc chng trnh
+ Chng trnh CNC c kt thc bi cc m lnh sau y:
+ M02: Kt thc chng trnh chnh
+ M30: Kt thc v tr v u chng trnh chnh
+ M99: Kt thc chng trnh con
+ Tuy nhin nu vit /M02, /M30, /M99 v trn panel iu khin bt ON cng tc b qua
block c iu kin th chng trnh s khng kt thc.
CHNG TRNH CON ( SUBPROGRAM )
+ Khi cn gia cng lp li nhiu ln mt mu th nn dng biu din mu di dng mt
chng trnh con n gin vc lp trnh.
+ Mt chng trnh chnh c th gi mt chng trnh con nhu ln.
+ Mt chng trnh con c th gi mt chng trnh chu nhiu ln.
Cu trc mt chng trnh con

Cch gi mt chng trnh con

+ Trong mt chng trnh chnh c th gi chng trnh con nhiu ln, v chng trnh
con c th gi chng trnh chu nhiu ln.
+ S th h ti a c th lng nhau l 4. S ln gi ti a mt chng trnh con l 999

Th t thc hin chng trnh con

Nu mun sau khi thc hin chng trnh con, bn khng tr v ni gi m di chuyn
ti mt dng chng trnh khc, bn phi ch ra dng chng trnh cn n sau M99P_;

2/ Cu trc mt cu lnh (Cu trc ca mt block)

Cu trc ca mt block
Cu trc mt t lnh
Th d a ch S
N75 N 75
G01 G 01
Z-10.75 Z -10.75
Mt cu lnh chng trnh c cu to t cc ch s v cc ch ci.
Ch s: gm cc s t 0 n 9
Ch ci: gm 26 ch ci t A n Z.
Mu cu lnh:
N..... G..... X..... Y..... Z..... I..... J..... K.... F..... S..... T..... M....
S cu lnh Thng tin hnh hc Thng tin cng ngh
( thng tin dch chuyn ) ( thng tin vn hnh )
Trong :
N s th t cu lnh.
G l m iu khin.
X, Y, Z ta theo cc trc.
I, J, K ta tm cung trn theo cc trc X, Y, Z.
F lng chy dao.
S tc ct.
T dng c ct.
M chc nng ph.
+ S TH T CU LNH
S th t cu lnh bao gm mt ch ci N ( number ) v mt s t nhin ng sau n. S
th t cu lnh gip ta tm d dng cc cu lnh trong b nh ca h iu khin, hay
trong trng hp cn s dng cc lnh lp, chu trnh.
+ THNG TIN DCH CHUYN
Bao gm m iu khin G, km theo cc con s ch kiu dch chuyn.
V d: G00 dch chuyn dao nhanh
G00 dch chuyn dao theo ng thng.
G02 dch chuyn dao theo cung trn cng chiu kim ng h
Cc gi tr ta X,Z km theo cc con s ch v tr cn dch chuyn dn ca dng c ct.
+ THNG TIN VN HNH
Bao gm lnh v lng dch chuyn dao F ( lng chy dao ), km theo ch s gi tr dch
chuyn.
V d:
T0202 l dao s 2 v v tr b nh s 2
Lnh cho trc chnh quay M, km theo ch s chiu quay.
V d: M04 lm cho trc chnh quay ngc chiu kim ng h, lnh m dung dch lm
mt M08.
Lnh M cn gi l cc chc nng ph.
Cc a ch trong h Fanuc
Phm vi gi tr cc a ch
 B qua mt block c iu kin
b qua mt hay nhiu block dng du / t u block. H thng s b qua block n
ny nu trn panel iu khin ca my CNC bt ON cng tc OPSKIP. Nu OFF,
block vn c hiu kc.
V d:
N045 T01 M06
N050 G54 G90 S300 M03 T02
N055 G00 X4.0 Y3.0
N060 G43 H01 Z0.1
/ N065 M08
+ Khi gia cng thp:
C dung dch trn ngui
> Off
Khi gia cng gang: Khng cn dung dch trn ngui
> Bt ON
N045 T01 M06
N050 G54 G90 S300 M03 T02
N055 G00 X4.0 Y3.0
N060 G43 H01 Z0.1 / M08
CU HI KIM TRA
Cu 1: trnh by cu trc mt chng trnh gia cng NC ?
Cu 2: hy trnh by cu trc mt block lnh ca chng trnh gia cng NC.
Cu 3: in vo cc cu sau bng cm t thch hp:
Qu trnh hnh thnh chng trnh NC c hiu nh sau: t bn v thit k, ngi lp
trnh c cc thng tin . tnh ton, sp xp cc lnh iu khin theo trnh t
.., ng thi ngi lp trnh phi cung cp cc thng tin . ( ch ct, dng
c, cc chc nng ph ) hnh thnh chng trnh NC. Nh vy chng trnh NC cha
ton b cc thng tin . V thng tin . Ca qu trnh gia cng.
Cu 4 : in vo cc cu sau bng cm t thch hp:
Qu trnh thit lp dng c ct trn bn v chi tit v cc thng tin .. v chuyn
cc thng tin ny sang b phn mang .. c m ha v sp xp theo dng
m my hiu c gi l .
 BI 8
CC LNH IU KHIN DCH CHUYN C BN

1. T lnh dch chuyn dao nhanh khng ct gt: G00

Vi loi iu khin ny, dch chuyn nhanh dng c ct t im hin ti ca n n im
tip theo c lp trnh vi mt tc ti a ( chy dao nhanh khng ct ).
H iu khin s cho my chy tng trc mt n tng im cho trong cu lnh. Dng
iu khin ny ch yu dch chuyn dao nhanh.
C php:
G00 X(U).. Z(W)..

Gi tr dch chuyn theo trc Z

Gi tr dch chuyn theo trc X hay ta im ch tnh theo phng X c

ly theo gi tr ng knh

Lnh v tr
Ch : i vi my tin CNC, khi s dng G00 th dao lun dch chuyn theo phng
hp vi trc Z mt gc 600 .
X, Y dng ta tuyt i; U,W dng cho ta tng i
Th d: di chuyn nhanh d c ti im X40.0 Z56.0, bn vit: G00 X40.0 Z56.0;
hoc G00 U-60.0 W-30.5; ( lp trnh theo ng knh).G00 X20.0 Z56.0; hoc G00 U-
30.0 W-30.5; (lp trnh theo bn knh).

2. T lnh dch chuyn dao ct gt theo ng thng (ni suy ng thng ): G01
C php:
G01 X(U).. Z(W).. F..( gi tr lng chy dao )

Ta im ch theo trc Z

Ta im ch theo trc X
Ni suy ng thng
V d: N03 G01 X100 Z50 F0.15
Dng lnh ny c th t trong chng trnh l 3, ct theo ng thng theo ta x =
100, Z = 50, v lng chy dao l 0.15 mm/ vng
V d 2 : lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct ( hnh 8.1 ), dao bt u t im 0 v kt thc
ti 0.

Th du
G95 G01 X40.0 Z20.1 F2.0
G95 G01 U20.0 W-25.9 F2.0
 3. T lnh dch chuyn dao ct gt theo ng trn (ni suy cung trn): G02, G03
Vi dng iu khin ny, dao ct s dch chuyn theo cung trn, t im hin ti cho ti
im ch vi lng chy dao c xc nh.
C php:
G02( 03) X.. Z.. R. F hoc G02( 03) X.. Z.. I. K. F.
Trong :
+ G02( 03): ni suy ng trn
+ X,Z l ta im cui ca cung trn.
+ R l bn knh ca cung trn.
+ F l gi tr lng chy dao
+ I l khong cch t im bt u cung trn n tm cung trn theo trc X
+ K l khong cch t im bt u cung trn n tm cung trn theo trc Z
Nu khng bit I, K nhng bit bn knh R ca cung trn, bn c dung R ni suy
cung trn. Cch vit n gin l:
G02 (G03) X_ Z_ R_ F_
Hn ch ca cch lp trnh theo R l gc tm cung trn phi nh hn 180 . Khng
lp trnh cho nhng cung trn ln hn 180o.
Nu cung trn gn bng 180o,nn dng I, K, v khi vic tinh tan tm cung c th
khng chnh xc.
Nu khi lp trnh, trong dng lnh c c I, K v R th h thng u tin chn R.
S tnh qu o cung trn trong mt phng XOZ
 Hnh 8.2. s gii thch chc nng G02, G03
Tnh kch thc theo ta tuyt i
X X2 I Xc X1
Z Z2 K Zc Z1

V d: lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau ( hnh 8.3 )

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (H) (A)

Hnh 8.3. Lp trnh theo G02, G03

Tnh cc kch thc theo ta tuyt i

X Z X Z
A 40 150 E 30 -34
B 22 2 F 40 -39
C 22 0 H 58 -39
D 30 -4

Chng trnh:
N2005
N1 G21----Lp trnh kch thc tnh theo millimet
N3 G54 X0 Z0----Ta Zero offset ca phi
T01D1 S1000 F0.07 M03 M08---Gi dao T01 D1,tc trc chnh 1000vng/pht
quay cng chiu kim ng h,lng chy dao 0.07mm/vng,m dung dch lm ngui.
N4 G00 X22 Z2---Chy dao nhanh n v tr X22,Z2
N5 G01 X22 Z0
N6 G03 X30 Z-4 I0 K-4---Dao ct dc theo cung trn t (C)---(D) c bn knh
R=4mm.
N7 G01 X30 Z-34
N8 G02 X40 Z-39 K0---Dao ct dc theo cung trn t (E)---(F) c bnh knh
R=5mm.
N9 G01 X58 Z-39
N10 G00 X40 Z150 M09 M05
N11 M30
Ch :
+ Gi tr ca I,K(khong cch t im bt u ca cung trn n tm cung trn) ly theo
gi tr bn knh.
+ Du (-)/(+) ca tr s I,K ty thuc vo v tr tm ca cung trn gc phn t no
(I,II,III.IV) v c xc nh theo s hnh 8.4
Chiu dng ca trc X

Hnh 8.4. S xc nh du ca I,K

 4. T lnh dch chuyn dao v im chun R ca my: G28
Khi s dng lnh ny, dng c ct s t ng tr v im gc ca my ( im R ). Trong
chng trnh nn s dng lnh ny khi bt u v kt thc chng trnh gia cng d
quan st s hot ng ca my.
C php:
G28 X(U). Z(W)
Trong :
+ X(U), Z(W) l ta im trung gian m dao s i qua trc khi v im R
+ S di chuyn c thc hin l G00 tun t X(U) ri n Z(W)
V d: Lp trnh s dng G28 hnh 8.5
Chng trnh:
N2006
T0101
G96 S1000 M03 M08;

G01 X50. Z-75.;

G28 X80 Z-25.;
M30.

Ch : Lnh G28 thc hin, dao s i qua im trung gian trc khi v im chun R.
Cho nn nu vit nhm: G28 X0 Z0
Th dao s i qua im trung gian l im gc ta chi tit, sau tr v im R. Nh
vy s rt nguy him ( hnh 8.6 )
5. Mt s t lnh khc
5.1.Lnh tr(dng vi thi gian xc nh) G04
Vi lnh ny,dng c s dng li mt thi gian nht nh.S dng lnh ny khi gia cng
cn bc ht lng d y nh:ct rnh,khoan,gia cng gc(hnh8.7).
Trong khi tin, c nhng lc cn phi dng cui hnh trnh t c chnh xc ca
mt gia cng, th d khi tin rnh.
Nguyn tc vit lnh nh sau:
 (G99) G04 P_ ; hoc G04X_ ; hoc G04U_;
Trong P_, X_, U_ l s vng quay cn dng dao cui hnh trnh.
Lnh G99 dng ch ra n v ca P, X, U l vg/ph.
Ch : Nu n v ca lng chy dao l mm/ph (G98), th n v ca P, X, U s l
khang thi gian tnh bng giy.
V d:
G99 G04 K50 Thi gian dng li sau 50 vng quay ca trc chnh
G98 G04 K4 Thi gian dng li l 4 giy
G98 G04 P2000 Thi gian dng l 2 giy ( P tnh theo miligiay )
- La chn thi gian tm dng:
Rt t thi gian tm dng vt qu vi giy, hu ht u di mt giy. V dwell lun
lun l thi gian khng gia cng, do phi chn thi lng ngn nht cn thit hon
tt hot ng c yu cu. Cho nn vic chn la thi gian dwell cho mc dch ct l
trch nhim ca cc nh lp trnh, tuy nhin mt s nh lp trnh thng lp trnh thi
gian lp trnh qu di. Mt giy l khong thi gian rt ngn, nhng bn hy xem xt v
d di y:
Trong mt block chng trnh hm dwell c gn thi lng l mt giy. Tc ca
trc chnh l 480 vng/phut v dwell c p dng cho 50 im, iu ny c ngha l
thi gia gia cng mi chi tit mt thm 50s so vi khng c dwell, 50s l thi gian khng
my bt hp l. Nhng bn hy suy ngh v tnh ton, nu but phi dng dwell, bn hy
tnh thi gian ti thiu thc hin vic . Trong v d ny thi gian ti thiu ch l:
giy.
Thi lng dwell ti thiu ny nh hn 8 ln so vi dwell lp trnh l mt giy. Nu s
dng dwell ti thiu thay cho dwell c chn, th thi gian ca chu k gia cng ch tng
ln l 6.25 giy, thay v 50 giy, ta thy s ci thin r rt v hiu sut chng trnh v
nng sut trn my cng c.
- Xc lp thi gian G04 P1000 biu th dwell mt giy, tng dng 1000 giy.
- Xc lp s vng quay G04 P1000 biu th dwell ko di mt vng quay trc chnh
- Dwell ti thiu: giy
- Thi gian Dwell theo giy c th tnh theo s vng quay vi cng thc:
Dwellgiy =
Trong : 60 s giy trong mt pht
N: s vng quay trc chnh theo yu cu
r/min tc trc chnh hin hnh ( vng/pht )
-- ng lng thi gian dwell t s vng quay ca trc chnh:
Dwells vng quay =

5.2. Khai bo h o kich thc

Vi h FANUC vic khai bo n v o c thc hin thng qua cc lnh sau:
G20 = h o l in.
G21 = h o l mm.
Trong mt s h iu khin khc, th d nh h FANUC dng G70 v G71 thay v
G20 v G21.
H mt v h inch
G21 G20
5.3 Khai bo n v tc ct S
+ G98 n v lng chy dao F l mm/ph hoc inch/ph
+ G99 - n v lng chy dao F l mm/vg hoc inch/vg
+ G96 Tc ct S c n v l m/ph hay inch/ph, khng i trn ton mt gia
cng.
+ G97 - Tc ct c n v l vg/ph, khng i s vng quay trc chnh trong
sut qu trnh gia cng
Tc trc chnh

Tc ct trn mt khng i - G96

 V1 = V2
n1 < n2

Khi ng knh ln, s vng quay nh

Khi ng knh nh, s vng quay ln
S vng quay ca trc chnh khng i - G97

V1 > V2
n1 = n2

Khi ng knh ln tc ct ln
Khi ng knh nh tc ct nh
V tr gc to lp trnh phi nm trn tm trc chnh

5.4 Gii hn s vng quay trc chnh G50 khi dng G96
 Th d G50 S3000
Khi s vng quay t gii hn nmax th trc chnh s quay vi s vng quay

5.5 n v nhp nh nht

n v nhp nh nht l s gia nh nht m h thng c th chp nhn. Trong hu ht cc
h iu khin CNC, s gia nh nht l 0.001 mm v 0.0001 inch, 0.0010. Mt s liu
nhp vo nh hn cc gi tr trn u c lm trn.
Th d:
5.6 Lnh tin ren vi bc ren khng i G32
C php: G32 X_ Z_ F_;
Trong
X_Z_ l ta im cui ca ng ren.
F_ l bc ren, bng gi tri L.

Th d tin ren tr
Cn ct ren tr thng bc 4.0mm, khang vo ren 1= 3 mm, khang ra ren 2 =
1.5mm, chiu su ct 1mm (hai ln ct).
 Tin ren mt u
C php: G32 X_F_
Trong
X_ l ta im cui ca ng ren theo phng X.
F_ l bc ren, bng gi tri L.

Tin ren cn
C php: G32 X_ Z_ F
Trong
X_ l ta im cui ca ng ren theo phng X.
Z_ l ta im cui ca ng ren theo phng Z.
F_ l bc ren theo trc X, hoc bc ren theo trc Z.
 Th d tin ren cn
Th d cn ct ren vi bc ren 3.5mm, 1= 2 mm, 2 = 1.0mm, chiu su ct 1.05 mm
theo phng X (hai ln ct). an chng trnh vit nh sau:
5.7 Lnh tin ren vi bc ren thay i G34
C php: G34 X_ Z_ F_ K_;
Trong
X_Z_ l ta im cui,
F_ bc ren u tin,
K_ lng tng hoc gim bc ren trong mt vng quay trc chnh.

5.8 B TR BN KNH MI DAO TIN

Dao tin dng tin mt tr ngai hay mt tr trong thng c bn knh u mi dao.
Gi tr bn knh mi dao R ln nh ty theo loi dao v do nh ch to dao .
hiu chnh bn knh mi dao ta dng cc m lnh sau:
G40 : hy b hiu chnh bn knh mi dao.
G41 : hiu chnh bn knh dao tri.
G42: hiu chnh bn knh dao phi
Mi dao tng tng v v tr so vi im chun ca dng c ct
Gia cng mt tr v mt u: tt

Gia cng mt cn: sai

Gia cng mt cong: sai

Mun ng: im iu khin phi l tm dao v nm cch qu o lp trnh mt khong
bng bn knh mi dao

1. Di tm dao mt khong I v K v pha mi dao tng tng

2. Cho tm dao nm cch qu o lp trnh mt khong bng bn knh dao nh lnh G42
(hay G41)
Offset dao bn tri v bn phi khi gia cng tr ngoi

Offset dao bn tri v bn phi khi gia cng tr trong

5.9 Chu trnh gia cng tinh G70 ( dng vi G71, G72, G73 )
C php : G70 P.. Q
Trong : P l s dng bt u on chu trnh
Q l s dng cui on chu trnh
Ch : F,S,T biu th gia P v Q ch nh hng n G70
V d:
N10G00G42X-1.
G01Z0
G03X14.Z-7.R7.
G01z-13.
G01X20.
G03X24.Z-15.R2.
G01Z-32.
G01X34.Z-38.
Z-57.
G01X38.
G01X40.Z-58.
Z-70.
N20G01X42.
G0X100.Z150.
G40
M5
M9
G28U0W0
(TOOL/STANDARD,15,60,0,15,0)
T0101(TINH)
G50S1500
G96S250M3
G0X42.Z2.
G70P10.Q20.F0.1M8
M5
M9
G28U0W0
M30

5.10 chu trnh gia cng th theo ng G71 ( bao hnh )

C php: G71U. R.
G71P.Q.UW..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
U l dy ca lt ct tnh theo bn knh (mm)
R l cao nhc dao v.
Dng 2

P l s dng bt u on chu trnh

Q l s dng cui on chu trnh
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc tin dao
G71U0.7R1.
G71P10.Q20.U0.3W0.1F0.2
N10G00G42X-1.
G01Z0
G03X14.Z-7.R7.
G01z-13.
G01X20.
G03X24.Z-15.R2.
G01Z-32.
G01X34.Z-38.
Z-57.
G01X38.
G01X40.Z-58.
Z-70.
N20G01X42.
G0X100.Z150.
G40
M5
M9
G28U0W0

5.11 chu trnh gia cng th theo mt G72

C php: G72 W. R.
G72P.Q.UW..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
W l chiu su ct theo phng Z (mm)( b rng ca lp ct )
R l cao nhc dao v.
Dng 2

P l s dng bt u on chu trnh

Q l s dng cui on chu trnh
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc tin dao
5.12 chu trnh gia cng th theo bin dng c sn G73
C php: G73 U..W. R.
G73P.Q.UW..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
U l ta im bt u ca chu trnh theo phng X
W l ta im bt u ca chu trnh theo phng Z (mm)
R l s lt ct nh nhau ( s ln lp li).
Dng 2

P l s dng bt u on chu trnh

Q l s dng cui on chu trnh
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc tin dao
5.13 chu trnh ct ren ( trong/ ngoi )G76
C php: G76 P..Q. R.
G76 X(U).Z(W).RP..Q..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
P c 6 tham s:
+ 2 s u ch s ln ct tinh
+ 2 s k tip xc nh gi tr Pr vt cnh ( khong h an ton )
PxxXXxx =
+ 2 s cui xc nh gc ren ( 800, 600, 550, 300, 290, 00)
Q l chiu su ct ca mi lt ct tnh theo bn knh ( m)
R l lng d gia cng tinh.
Dng 2
X(U), Z(W) l ta ca im K ( im y ren ) X l ng knh dy ren, Z l chiu
di on ren
R l gi tr xc nh cn ( R = 0 i vi ren tr,chi tit cn R= ( d D)/2 nn m )
P l chiu su ct ren ( lun dng) ( m)
Q l chiu su ct ln th nht ( tnh theo bn knh ) ( m)
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc ren
Ch : + Ct ren ngoi th ta Xs phi ln hn Xk
+ Ct ren trong th ta Xs phi nh hn Xk
+ Cng thc tnh chiu su ct ren cho im K theo phng X ( h mt )
T = 0.6134 * bc ren ( ngoi )
T = 0.5413 * bc ren ( trong )

CU HI V BI TP KIM TRA
Bi 1:in vo cc cu sau cm t thch hp:
Chng trnh cn c nh s th t nhn bittrong chng trnh cn x l.
Lnh dch chuyn G00 c ngha l:chuyn ng.ti im
Lnh dch chuyn G01 c ngha l:chuyn ng .ti im..
Cc thng tin dch chuyn X,Z c hiu lc cho n khic a ra.
Bi 2: in vo cc cu sau cm t thch hp:
im bt u cung trn l im tch ca
Vi cc lnh G02 hoc G03.im...ca cung trn phi nm trong cu lnh lp trnh
v im tm cung trn s c xc nh qua cc bin ph I v K.
Cc ta v v tr ca im tm da vo khong cch theo phng vung gc t im
bt u..
Bi 3: Lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau: (A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n (E) n
(F) n (G) n (H) n (I) n (A)
(A) n (B)..
(B) n( C)..
(C) n (D).
(D) n (E)
(E) n (F)
(F) n (E)
(G) n (H)
(H) n (I)
(I) V (A).
Bi 3: Lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau: (A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n (E) n
(F) n (G) n (A)
(A) n (B)..
(B) n( C)..
(C) n (D).
(D) n (E)
(E) n (F)
(F) n (E)
(G) V (A).
 Bi 9
CC CHC NNG VN HNH

1. Chc nng chn dao: T

Khi Lp trnh gia cng ty thuc vo b mt gia cng m ta la chn dao cho ph hp.
Vic la chn dao da vo chc nng dng c m h iu khin quy c.
C php:
T

*Bao gm: a ch T v 4 ch s to thnh 2 nhm

Nhm th hai ch OFFSET dao

Nhm th nht ch s hiu dao
Nu nhm th hai l 00 t l b OFFSET dao

V d:
T 03 03

M OFFSET(b) dao

Dao s 3

2.Chc nng chn tc trc chnh S:

2.1.Trng hp tc tnh theo (vng/pht)
Mu cu lnh:
G97 S M03(M04)

Trc chnh quay thun(ngc chiu) kim ng h

S vng quay trc chnh
iu khin s vng quay trc chnh(n) khng i theo vng/pht
V d: G97 S1000 M3
Trc chnh quay thun chiu kim ng h vi tc 1000 vng/pht
G97 S750 M04
Trc chnh quay ngc chiu kim ng h vi tc 750 vng/pht

2.2.Trng hp tc tnh theo(mt/pht):

Mu mnh lnh:
G96 S. M03(M04)

Trc chnh quay thun (ngc chiu) kim ng h

Gi tr vn tc di ca trc chnh
iu khin s vng quay trc chnh (V) khng i theo mt/pht
V d:
G96 S100 M03 Trc chnh quay thun chiu kim ng h vi tc 100m/phut
G96 S150 M04 Trc chnh quay ngc chiu kim ng h vi tc 150m/pht
Ch :
Gi tr vn tc di ca trc chnh t l nghch vi ng knh ca phi khi ct, cho nn
tc ct tng dn khi dao n tm.V vy khi s dng G96, chng ta phi s dng thm
lnh G50 S gii hn tc ct.
V d:
G50 S1500 Gii hn s vng quay trc chnh ti a l 1500 vng/pht
G00 T0101
G96 S100 M03 V= 100m/pht

3.Chc nng chn lng tin dao F:

Lng dch chuyn dao c xc nh bng chc nng F.Lng dch chuyn c n v l
mm/vng hoc mm/pht.

3.1.Trng hp lng dch chuyn l mm/pht (hnh 9.2):

Mu cu lnh:
G98 F.

Gi tr dch chuyn
iu khin dch chuyn dao theo mm/pht
V d: G98 G01 X50 Z20 F70 Dch chuyn dao ti im c ta X=50mm;
Z=20mm; lng dch chuyn F=70mm/pht.

3.2.Trng hp lng dch chuyn l mm/vng(hnh 9.3):

Mu mnh lnh:
G99 F.

Gi tr dch chuyn
iu khin dch chuyn dao theo ../vng
V d: G99 G01 X50 Z20 F0.25 Dch chuyn dao ti im c ta X=50mm;
Z=20mm; lng dch chuyn F=0.25mm/vng.

4.Chc nng ph M:
Cc chc nng M ch yu l cc lnh m my, tt my,ng v m dung dch lm mt

TT M Chc nng Gii thch

1 M00 Dng chng trnh - Khi c M00 chng trnh s dng li ng
thi dng trc chnh, ng dung dch lm
mt.
- C hiu lc cui cu lnh.
2 M01 Dng mt phn - Chng trnh s dng li khi nhn phm
chng trnh c iu OPT STOP trong bng iu khin ca my.
khin - C hiu lc cui cu lnh.
3 M02 Kt thc chng trnh -Tt c cc hot ng s dng li v NC t
li cc ch c.
-C hiu lc cui cu lnh.
4 M03 Trc chnh quay - C hiu lc ngay u cu lnh.
thun chiu kim ng
h
5 M04 Trc chnh quay - C hiu lc ngay u cu lnh.
ngc chiu kim
ng h
6 M05 Dng trc chnh -C hiu lc ngay cui cu lnh.
7 M08 Bt dung dch lm -C hiu lc ngay u cu lnh.
mt
8 M09 Tt dung dch lm - C hiu lc ngay cui cu lnh.
mt
9 M10 M mm cp - khi gp M10 mm cp s m ra, nu
chng trnh ang chy c lnh ny th my
s bo li v dng li.( M10 thng dng khi
my t ng hon ton m thi )
10 M11 ng mm cp - khi gp M1 mm cp s ng.( M11 thng
dng khi my t ng hon ton m thi )

11 M12 Nng ng tin ra -khi gp M12 th u chng tm s i ra

12 M13 Nng ng li vo -khi gp M13 th u chng tm s li vo

13 M19 nh v trc chnh Khi gp M19 th trc chnh s b kha li
14 M20 Kt thc (hy; m ) Khi gp M20 th trc chnh s c m kha
nh v trc chnh hay M20 hy b M19
M30 Kt thc chng trnh -Nh M02 t li ch m t ng quay
15 tr v u chng trnh.
-C hiu lc cui cu lnh.
Khi gp lnh M31 th s b qua bo v .
B qua chc nng
16 M31
bo v
17 Khi gp lnh M31 th s m bo v .
M chc nng bo
M32
v
Thay i tc trc chnh,ty thuc vo
tham s
18 M41,
Gi hp s ca trc 41 cp thp, 42,43 cp trung bnh, 44 cp cao
42,43,
chnh -C hiu lc ngay u cu lnh.
44

Khi dng M65 th mm cp s kp t ngoi

19 M65
vo
nh Kp ngoi

20 M66 Khi dng M66 th mm cp s kp t trong

nh Kp trong ra

M98 Gi chng trnh con -Chng trnh con s c thc hin trong
21 chng trnh chnh.
-C hiu lc ngay u cu lnh.
Kt thc chng trnh -C hiu lc cui cu lnh.
22 M99

CU HI KIM TRA
Bi 1.in vo cc cu sau cm t thch hp:
Trong chng trnh s phi khai bo s hiu dng c,v d T0101,T0202.S hiu dng
c ny tng ng vi tt c cc thng s dng c c a vo v nh ngha qua lp
trnh v lu gi ti b tch tr dng c, chng hn cc yu t:...cho dng c a vo.
S vng quay(hay tc ) trc chnh c chn v a vo chng trnh, v d;S1000,
S1250. S la chn ph thuc vo: v s vng quyay my.
 Bi 2.in vo cc cu sau cm t thch hp:
Chng ta lp trnh da trn cc lnh dch chuyn(G00,) v cc thng tin v dch
chuyn(X,Z..). c th tin mt chi tit,chng trnh iu khin cn thit phi c
thm cc thng tin v lnh quan trng khc nh:.

Bi 10
LP TRNG GIA CNG TRN MY TIN CN

1. Lp trnh theo to tuyt i

Trn my tin CNC 2 trc lp trnh theo ta tuyt i th bt trc tip bng ta X
v Z trn tng cu lnh, nu dng G90 th khai bo phi thuc h thng kiu nhm B v
C
V d:
V d 2: lp trnh gia cng theo ta tuyt i theo cc bn v sau:
2. Lp trnh theo to tng i
Trn my tin CNC 2 trc lp trnh theo ta tng i th bt trc tip bng ta U
v W trn tng cu lnh, nu dng G91 th khai bo phi thuc h thng kiu nhm B v
C
V d:

CU HI V BI TP KIM TRA
Bi 1: in vo cc cm t thch hp:
Ghi kch thc theo ta tuyt i th mi on dch chuyn s c tnh t.
Ca h thng o. Phng php ny ly mt duy nht.
Ghi kch thc theo ta tng di s o t. Ti.. tip theo. Phng php ny
ly..
Bi 2: lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau: (A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n (E) n (F)
n (G) n (H) n (I) n (A)

Lnh tuyt i Lnh tng i

Bi 3: lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau: (A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n (E) n (F)
n (H) n (K) n (I) n (A)
Lnh tuyt i Lnh tng i

Bi 11
CHU TRNH CT REN TRN MY TIN CNC

1. Lp trnh gia cng ren bng lnh chu trnh G92, G76
Chu trnh G92
Nguyen tac viet lenh:
G92 X_ Z_ F_;
Trong o
X_Z_ la toa o iem cuoi cua ng ren.
F_ la bc ren, bang gia tri L.

Chu trnh G92 giong nh G32 ch khac la co the nhan nut Feed Hold e dng gia
cong ren gia chng
Th d: Chu trnh tien ren tru G92
 Giai:
O5595
N10 G50 X200 Z2000;
N20 TO707;
N30 G97 S600 M03;
N40 G00 X26.0 Z8.0 M08 ;
N50 G92 X19.0 Z-42.0 F2.5;
N60 X18.3;
N70 X17.7;
N80 X17.3;
N90 X16.9;
N100 X16.75;
N110 G28.0 X80.0 Z80.0;
N120 M05;
N130 M30;
Chu trnh tien ren cn G92
Nguyen tac viet dong lenh:
G92 X(U)_Z(W)_ R_ F_ ;
Trong o,
X(U)_ Z(W)_ la toa o can ti
X(U) tnh theo ng knh
R o nang cua mat ren con, tnh theo ban knh
Goc vat chan ren 45o do tnh tre cua he thong servo(R) Chay nhanh
(F) chay an dao
vi bc ren L

F_ la lng chay dao

Th d: Chu trnh tien ren cn G92

O5597 ;
G97 S500 M03 ;
T0707 ;
G00 X32.0 Z5.0 ;
M08 ;
G92 X24.1 Z-25.0 R-3.0 F2.0 ;
 X23.5 ;
X22.9 ;
X22.5 ;
X22.4 ;
G28 X80.0 Z80.0 ;
M09 ;
M05 ;
M30 ;

Chu trnh ct ren ( trong/ ngoi )G76

C php: G76 P..Q. R.
G76 X(U).Z(W).RP..Q..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
P c 6 tham s:
+ 2 s u ch s ln ct tinh
+ 2 s k tip xc nh gi tr Pr vt cnh ( khong h an ton )
PxxXXxx =
+ 2 s cui xc nh gc ren ( 800, 600, 550, 300, 290, 00)
Q l chiu su ct ca mi lt ct tnh theo bn knh ( m)
R l lng d gia cng tinh.
Dng 2
X(U), Z(W) l ta ca im K ( im y ren ) X l ng knh dy ren, Z l chiu
di on ren
R l gi tr xc nh cn ( R = 0 i vi ren tr,chi tit cn R= ( d D)/2 nn m )
P l chiu su ct ren ( lun dng) ( m)
Q l chiu su ct ln th nht ( tnh theo bn knh ) ( m)
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc ren
Ch : + Ct ren ngoi th ta Xs phi ln hn Xk
+ Ct ren trong th ta Xs phi nh hn Xk
+ Cng thc tnh chiu su ct ren cho im K theo phng X ( h mt )
T = 0.6134 * bc ren ( ngoi )
T = 0.5413 * bc ren ( trong )
Th du: Tien ren bang lenh G76
Ap dung lenh G76, hay lap chng trnh tien ren cho chi tiet

Giai
O5127
N10 G97 S600 M03;
N20 T0505;
N30 M08;
N40 G00 X30,0 Z5.0 ;
G76 P011060 Q040 R020;
G76 X21.1 Z-27.0 P1950 Q0900 F3.0;
N50 M09;
M70 G28 X80.0 Z8.0;
N80 M05;
N90 M30;
 BI 12
Kim tra sa li v chy th chng trnh

1. Nhp (hoc son tho) chng trnh vo my

C hai phng php nhp chng trnh vo my:
1.1 Nhp chng trnh vo my bng tay
Sau khi chun b chng trnh xong, bng cc nt k t v cc nt s trn bn phm ca
my, chng ta tin hnh nhp d liu vo bng tay. Khi nhp chng trnh v sa li
hon chnh th my t lu chng trnh.
1.2 Nhp chng trnh bng th, my tnh.
C th chng ta chun b chng trnh bng cch son tho chng trnh bng phn mm
ca my tnh sau lu vo th nh hay my tnh sau kt ni vi my CNC bng th
hoc cng COM RS232 truyn d liu
Vic nhp hay son tho mt chng trnh vo my cn c thc hin cc bc nh
sau:
To mt chng trnh
- a dao v im tham chiu R: bng cch di chuyn cng tc Mode v v tr ZERO

RETURN , sau bm X, ri bm Z.
- M kha bo v ch vn hnh my

- Di chuyn cng tc Mode v v tr edit , nhn phm mm Prog

- G ch O v cc con s xxxx
- Nhn INSERT, nhn EOB v nhn INSERT
- Chng trnh mi m ra v ta bt u nhp d liu chng trnh.
Gi mt chng trnh
- a dao v im chun my R
- M kha bo v ch vn hnh my

- Di chuyn cng tc Mode v v tr edit , nhn phm mm Prog

- G ch O v cc con s xxxx ( tn chng trnh cn m )
- Nhn O SRHsk
Nu chng trnh c lu trong b nh th my s gi ra, nu khng c my s bo
li Alarm 71 trn mn hnh,ta nhn reset nhp li.

2. Kim tra v sa li
Kim tra v sa li bao gm cc ni dung sau :

2.1 Kim tra s th t cu lnh ( N )

Trong mt chng trnh s th t cu lnh ty chn t nh n ln c th lin nhau hoc
cch khong. S hiu ca cu lnh c biu th bng cc con s. S hiu ny ty thuc
vo ngi lp trnh t.
V d: N01, N02, N03 hoc N01, N04, N08
Nhng cu lnh ng trc n c mt gch cho ( / ) s b h iu khin b qua khi cng
tc Opt Stop ch ON.
2.2 Kim tra v sa li cu trc cu lnh
Cu trc cu lnh phi vit ng c php nh :

2.3 Kim tra v sa li s vng quay ca trc chnh

Kim tra s vng quay ca trc chnh c vit trong chng trnh c ph hp hay
khng.
V d: G97 S500 tc trc chnh l 500 Vng / Pht
G96 S100 tc trc chnh l 100 m / Pht
2.4 Kim tra v sa li lng chy dao
Kim tra lng chy dao trong chng trinh c ng v ph hp vi iu kin gia cng
hay khng.
V d : G98 F20 lng chy dao l 20 mm/pht
G99 F0.5 lng chy dao l 0.5 mm/vng

2.5 Kim tra a ch dao ( T )

Th t Hnh v Tc Bc tin Chiu su
ct cho (mm/v ) ct (mm)
php (
m/p)
T0101 120 0.3 4
T0202 120 0.25 2.5

T0303 250 0.080 0.1

0.15

T0404 250 0.05 0.1

0.08

T0505 120-280 0.05 0.1 0.05

Lnh T gi dao t cha dao vo v tr lm vic. Lnh T bao gm ch ci v cc con s

ng sau n.
V d: N15 G97 S1500 T0202
T : lnh gi dao
02: v tr dao trn mm dao
02: lng b dao
2.6 Kim tra cc chc nng ph ( M )
Chc nng ph M cn gi l cc chc nng tr gip, n bao gm cc chc nng cng
ngh khng lp trnh.
V d:
M01 Dng chng trnh c iu kin
M03 trc chnh quay cng chiu kim ng h
M04 trc chnh quay ngc chiu kim ng h
M05 Dng trc chnh
M08 bt dung dch lm mt
M09 tt dung dch lm mt
M30 dng chng trnh v quay v u chng trnh.

3 Chy m phng chng trnh trn my tin CNC ( Graphics chy ha )

Sau khi nhp chng trnh vo my, chng trnh va son tho s t ng lu vo b
nh ca b iu khin, n phm GRAPHICS chuyn sang mn hnh chy m phng
chng trnh va son tho hoc gi l chng trnh mi m phng. T c th sa
cha hon thin chng trnh.
Khi cho vn hnh ch ha cc ng ct gt ca dao c minh ha bng nhiu
mu khc nhau trn mn hnh( ha mu ). Trong ch ny c th chy m phng
tng cu lnh hoc chy m phng lin tc c chng trnh.
Thao tc chy Graphics c tin hnh nh sau:
- a dao v im chun my R
- M kha bo v ch vn hnh my
- Di chuyn cng tc Mode v v tr memory mode.
- Nhn Graphics t bn phm v nhn graphics t phm iu khin
- Nhn Graphics t phm mm ( soft key ) di ngay mn hnh.
- Phi m bo v ch memory mode, nhn CYCLE START ,
Ch :
+ phi m bo v ch memory mode
+ cn thn tng lng chy dao dn v ng thi quan st mn hnh
+ nu thy bt thng th gim lng chy dao v 0 ngay lp tc
+ nu khng c g bt thng th chy Graphics 100%.
+ sau khi chy xong Graphics phi lun reset my v cho v im tham chiu.

4 chy th chng trnh ( khng ct gt ) dry run

sau khi hon tt cng vic nh chun b chng trnh, g phi, g dao, nh gc W khng
phi, kim tra chng trnh bng Graphics, sau ta chy DRY RUN kim tra mt ln
na trc khi cho my chy chng trnh.
Ch : khi chy Dry run cn quan tm mt s vn nh sau:
+ phi lun ly phi ra v mm cp lun trng thi kp phi.
+ lun chy chm v kim tra v tr dao.( trnh s va chm )
+ lun iu khin lng chy dao bng tay.
+ phi chy tng cu lnh ( bt singer block )
+ lng chy dao khng c vt qu s kim sot ca ngi iu khin
 BI 13
VN HNH MY TIN CNC

1. G dao, o kch thc dao v nhp thng s kch thc vo b nh dao

- G dao:
Quyt nh lp trnh quan trng nht khi tin l s g lp. G lp dao trn my tin
CNC c lp vo cc hp dao a gic ring cho tng loi. Sau ta tin hnh o
kch thc ca dao theo hai phng X,Z t mi dao n im thay dao v nhp khai
bo vo b nh dao. Phng php t c s dng trn my tin CNC 2 trc, vn
ny s c gii quyt trong qu trnh xc lp v tr gia cng( xc lp v tr v tr W )
Ch :
+ Hu ht mm dao ca my tin CNC u nm trn ng tm ca trc chnh ( im
chun ca my M ) nn tt c gi tr o kch thc ca dao u mang gi tr m.
+ cn n s sp xp v tr, th t dao trn mm dao trong qu trnh gia cng hp
l trnh s va chm vi mm cp, chi tit v my.

2/ G phi:
Hu ht trong gia cng my tin CNC, phi u c lp trn mm cp 3 chu thy
lc t nh tm.
Trong qu trnh g phi ln mm cp cn ch n o ca phi khi quay, nu qu
o ta nn cn chnh phi li. ng thi phi ch n p lc kp ca mm cp c
hp l i vi vt liu chi tit hay khng, nu xy ra bin dng trong qu trnh kp ta
phi hiu chnh li.

3/ Xc nh im W ( im chun ca phi )
Vic xc lp im gc ca phi c tin hnh nh sau:
+ a mm dao v im chun my R ( reference ) bng nt iu khin ca my.
+ Chn ch di chuyn bng tay, ng thi cho trc chnh mang phi quay.
+ Nu chn im gc phi X0, Z0 ti mt u ca phi, ta tin hnh xc nh im 0
ca X v Z nh sau:
- Xc nh im 0 theo trc Z: dng ch handle cho dao tin chm mt u. Khi
chm mt u th ghi li kt qu ca trc Z ( v d: Z = - 770.34 ) v nhp trc tip
vo my.
Vo OFFSET/ OFFSETTING/ CHN ch GEOMETRY nhp Z0 nhn MEASURE.
Nh th ta xc nh xong im 0 ca Z.nu nhp trc tip kt qu ca Z th nhn
input.
- Xc nh im 0 theo trc X: dng ch handle cho dao tin chm mt lng ca
chi tit, a dao theo trc Z ra khi chi tit gia cng, ghi li kt qu trn my hin
th v d: X-170.34. sau o kch thc phi v d : D = 40 mm ).
Vo OFFSET/ OFFSETTING/ CHN ch GEOMETRY nhp X40. Nhn measure.
Hoc Xnhp = ( Xhin th - Dphi )/2 nhn INPUT.
Nh vy ta d thit lp xong im 0 ca chi tit gia cng.

4. Thit lp ch vn hnh
4.1chc nng bng iu khin ca my tin CNC topturn S15

CHI TIT DIN GII

Kho bo v ch vn hnh my

Ch bo v chn phm chc nng

Ch bo v vn hnh t ng

Ch bo v chnh sa cha trnh

Cng tc MODE dng chn ch vn hnh my.

S dng ch EDIT khi thao tc :

Gi chng trnh lu trong b nh my
cnc,hoc th nh trc khi vn hnh ch
t ng (AUTO,DNC).
To mi,chnh sa hoc xa chng trnh lu
trong b nh my cnc.
Coppy chng trnh t computer hoc th nh
vo my cnc .
Coppy chng trnh t my cnc ra computer
hoc th nh.
 S dng ch AUTO my cnc vn hnh
t ng theo chng trnh c c t b
nh my cnc.

S dng ch DNC my cnc vn hnh t

ng theo chng trnh c c trc tip t
b nh computer hoc th nh.
S dng ch MDI my cnc vn hnh t
ng theo chng trnh c nhp bng tay
tm thi.
Chng trnh c nhp bng tay tm thi,ch
thi hnh 1 ln , t xa i sau khi kt thc.

Ch di chuyn trc bng tay quay pht xung.

Chn trc cn di chuyn : X ,Z,
Chn tc cn di chuyn : X1,X10,X100.
Xoay nm v du - di chuyn trc theo hng - ,
xoay nm v du + di chuyn trc theo hng +
.
Ch di chuyn trc bng nt nhn.
Chn tc di chuyn trc bng cng tc
FEED OVERIDE.
Bm nt di chuyn trc bng tay di chuyn
bn v trc chnh vi tc chm( ct gt ).

Ch di chuyn trc bng nt nhn.

Chn tc di chuyn trc bng cng tc
RAPID OVERIDE.
Bm nt di chuyn trc bng tay di chuyn
bn v trc chnh vi tc nhanh( khng ct
gt ).

Chn ch ZERO RETURN di chuyn trc v

to gc ca my:
Chn tc di chuyn bng cng tc RAPID
OVERIDE.
Khi vn hnh my ch t ng
(AUTO,DNC ,MDI) cng tc RAPID OVERIDE
dng iu chnh % tc dch chuyn trc
ca my G00,G28,G30( 0-100 %).
* Khi vn hnh my ch bng tay RAPID,
cng tc RAPID OVERIDE dng iu chnh tc
di chuyn trc ca my theo % tc ti a.
 Khi vn hnh my ch t ng
(AUTO,DNC ,MDI) cng tc FEED OVERIDE
dng iu chnh % tc ct gt F trong
chng trnh ( t 0% n 200%).
* Khi vn hnh my ch bng tayJOG , cng
tc FEED OVERIDE dng iu chnh tc di
chuyn trc t 0 4000 mm/min
Nt khi ng h thng thy lc

Nt xo trng thi qu c hnh trnh

Khi vn hnh my ch t ng (AUTO,

DNC , MDI) nu n nt DRY RUN sng n th
tc di chuyn nhanh(RAPID) v tc ct
gt ( FEED )trong chng trnh s khng c
hiu lc, trc my CNC s di chuyn theo tc
chn cng tc FEED OVERIDE.

Khi vn hnh my ch t ng (AUTO,

DNC , MDI) nu n nt M.S.T LOCK sng n
th my CNC s khng thi hnh khi lnh c
M,S,T trong chng trnh,ngoi tr M00, M01,
M02,M30 cn c hiu lc .

Nt kho trc my

Khi vn hnh my ch t ng (AUTO,

DNC , MDI) n nt SINGLE BLOCK sng n
my CNC thi hnh tng block lnh trong
chng trnh sau mi ln bm CYCLE START.
*Nu n SINGLE BLOCK khng sng th my
CNC s thi hnh chng trnh lin tc sau khi bm
CYCLE START 1 ln.
Khi vn hnh my ch t ng (AUTO,
DNC , MDI) nu n nt OPTION STOP sng th
lnh M01 trong chng trnh c tc dng lm
tm dng thi hnh,nu mun tip tc ta phi
n nt CYCLE START mt ln na.
 *Nu n nt OPTION STOP tt th lnh M01 trong
chng trnh khng c tc dng
Khi vn hnh my ch t ng (AUTO,
DNC , MDI) nu n nt BLOCK SKIP sng n
th khi lnh nm sau du / trong BLOCK lnh
no s khng c thc thi.
*Nu nt BLOCK SKIP tt th du / trong chng
trnh khng c tc dng.
n nt CHIP CONVEYOR CCW sng n
bng ti ba v quay ngc chiu kim ng h .

n nt CHIP CONVEYOR STOP sng n

bng ti ba v dng quay.

n nt CHIP CONVEYOR CW sng n bng

ti ba v quay cng chiu kim ng h.

Cng tc chn th t dao

Nt nhn gi dao c chn

H thng iu khin trc chnh

Chn tc ch bng tay

 n nt SPINDLE CCW quay trc chnh
ngc chiu kim ng h (ch s dng khi vn
hnh my ch bng tay nh : MPG , JOG
,RAPID).

n nt SPINDLE STOP DNG quay trc

chnh (ch s dng khi vn hnh my ch
bng tay nh : MPG , JOG ,RAPID).

n nt SPINDLE CW quay trc chnh cng

chiu kim ng h (ch s dng khi vn hnh
my ch bng tay nh : MPG , JOG
,RAPID).
Nt nhp trc chnh

n bo trng thi kp ca mm cp

n bo trng thi hp s

n bo li chng trnh

n bo li h thng du

Trong trng hp khn cp n nt E- STOP

ngt ngun Servo v dng di chuyn trc ngay
lp tc.
* m kha nt E-STOP , vn nt theo chiu kim
ng h , nt s t ng bt ln.

Khi vn hnh my ch t
ng(AUTO,DNC ,MDI) n nt CYCLE START
thi hnh chng trnh.
*Nt CYCLE START s sng n cho n khi kt
thc chng trnh hoc n nt CYCLE STOP.
 Khi my CNC ang thi hnh chng trnh ch
t ng , n nt CYCLE STOP tm dng
chng trnh ( ch dng di chuyn trc , trc
chnh khng dng ).
*Nhn CYCLE START tip tc thi hnh chng
trnh .
Nt chn hng di chuyn trc

n bo trng thi v ta gc ca trc Z

n bo trng thi v ta gc ca trc X

Tay quay pht xung dng di chuyn trc my

bng tay

Chn trc di chuyn theo phng X cho tay quay

pht xung

Chn trc di chuyn theo phng Z cho tay quay

pht xung

Chng tm di chuyn ra

Chng tm di chuyn vo
 chng tm di chuyn ra

chng tm di chuyn vo

M nc ti ngui theo lp trnh (M8 c hiu lc

khi n sng )

M nc ti ngui bng tay

ng ca t ng

M ca t ng

M n chuu sng

Nt m rng chc nng

4.2 Cc bc vn hnh my tin CNC

- Quy trnh cng ngh: th t cng vic c xy dng thnh vn bn cng ngh.
- iu kin ct gt: kim tra dao c s dng trong mi iu kin ct gt.
- C nh dao: kim tra th t dao v c nh dao.
- cc cng vic chun b:
+ Chng trnh phi c chun b trc, kim tra k lng trc khi nhp vo my,
khi np xong chng trnh vo my cho chy m phng kim tra v sa li chng
trnh, chun b dao v cc cng vic khc.
+ Chng trnh gia cng phi c ghi vo b nh CNC.
+ Kim tra chng trnh:
Ni dung chng trnh v tt c cc cng vic chun b c kim tra trc khi chy
chng trnh, nu c sai st g xy ra chng trnh cn c sa, hoc cc cng vic
khc cn chun b li.
 Cc phng php kim tra chng trnh nh kha my chy chng trnh, chy
khng, chy m phng v c minh ha bng th.
+ Ct th:
Ct th l cng vic kim tra chng trnh v iu kin ct gt, trong khi ct gt thc t
trn chi tit. Ring iu kin ct gt c s dng trong chng trnh phi c s
dng ph hp, kim tra k lng, chnh xc ca my c duy tr v c kim tra
trn phi ct gt.
+ Vn hnh t ng:
Chi tit gia cng c hon thin trn my bng vic chy t ng chy chng trnh
ch khi tt c mi cng vic c m t trn c sa cha, hon thin th mi c
cho my ct t ng.

5. Chy chng trnh gia cng

Sau khi hon tt cng vic nh: chun b chng trnh, g phi, g dao, nh gc
khng ca phi, kim tra chng trnh bng vic chy m phng, chy khng ct gt,
sau cho chy t ng chng trnh vi cc cng vic sau:
- Gi chng trnh gia cng bng cch nhn nt PROGRAM
- Bt n chiu sng.
- Nhn nt CYCLE START bt u thc hin gia cng.

TI LIU THAM KHO:

- Chu Mnh Lc, Cng Ngh CNC, i Hc BK Nng 2002
- Trn Th San-Nguyn Ngc Phng, s tay lp trnh CNC, NXB Nng 2006
- Trn Vn ch, Cng ngh trn my CNC, NXB KHKT H Ni 2000