CYCLONE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

by Esco Engineering
179 Lansdowne Avenue,
Kingsville, Ontario N9Y 3J2 Canada Revisions
ph 519 733 3122 26-Nov-98 Corrected error in cell D14 on efficiency sheets
fax 519 733 6094 18-Jan-99 Added diagram
Contact: Neil Stone, Chief Engineer 3-Apr-99 Corrected cell O7, Efficiency 1 - thanks to Laercio Frare for pointing out this error
e-mail jnstone@mnsi.net 2-Dec-99 Added metric option, NV sketch
Website www.mnsi.net/~pas/esco.htm 13-Dec-99 Corrected error in density calc (size!E9, Efficiency 1! and 2!E19)

Copyright 1997 by John Neil Stone. All rights reserved.

May be redistributed free of charge, but may not be sold without the author's explicit permission.
Provided "as is" without warranty of any kind.

HOW TO USE THIS SPREADSHEET

NOTE: This spreadsheet is for the use of knowledgeable professionals, capable of evaluating the accuracy
of the results. The author is not responsible for the use to which these results are put.

1 The 'Cyclone size' sheet calculates dimensions for various standard cyclones.
Enter the flow rate, design inlet velocity and gas density in the colored squares
and the sheet will give dimensions for five standard cyclones - two high efficiency, and
three low efficiency. The table also gives the predicted pressure drop, but be aware that this is a
very uncertain calculation (see original references). See 'Diagram' sheet for nomenclature.
On the 'Cyclone size' sheet you specify the units you want to use - metric or US Customary (Imperial)
THIS UNITS SELECTION APPLIES TO ALL SHEETS

2 Two methods are provided for calculating cyclone efficiency. You can calculate both, and
compare the results on the chart. Both sheets are set up with the same layout, so data can be copied
between sheets easily.

3 The efficiency calculation requires particle size data, cyclone dimensions, and physical property
data for the gas and the solids. The calculation assumes that the size distribution of the particles
is log normally distributed. The sheet is set up so that you can enter either the mean and standard
deviation of the log normal distribution, or the particle size data, from which these data are then calculated.

4 Procedure for efficiency calculations:

a) Enter the cyclone dimensions in cells D4 to D11. If you have calculated these using this
spreadsheet, the values in cells 13 to 20 for the selected cyclone design can be directly copied
into D4 to D11. NOTE: Paste special the values - do not just copy the cells.
b) Enter the gas property data in cells D18 to D21.
c) Enter the particulate data in cells D26 to D29. If you enter the mean and standard deviation, and
select 'N' for cell D28, then the overall efficiency is immediately given in cell H15, and the inlet and
outlet size distributions are given in cells O21 to O41 and R21 to R41.
d) If you want to use the size distribution method, enter 'Y' in cell D28, and then the range limits starting in
cell N50 and the corresponding % in range starting in O50. If you want to use more than nine ranges, you
can extend these columns to as many rows as you want - just remember to copy the formulae
in columns M and P through T into any rows that you add.
After entering the size distribution data, You have to run the regression tool. Choose the 'Tools' menu
then 'Data Analysis' then 'Regression'. For the 'X' value pick all the values in column Q, starting in Q50;
for the 'Y' values, pick all the values in column T, starting in T50. For the 'Output range' enter V48. You will
get a message saying results will overwrite cells - pick OK.
Once the regression is done, the results are available, as described in c) above.

5 The chart sheet graphs the penetration (col P = 1 - fractional efficiency) against particle size for the two efficiency
calculation methods. CAUTION: The two efficiency sheets are not linked, so make sure they are both calculating
from the same data if you want to compare the two efficiency calculations!

6 The spreadsheet is protected in order to prevent accidental overwriting of the formulae.

However, there is no password needed to unprotect it, so you can freely adapt it to suit your purposes.

08/23/2017 363956918.xls
 DEFINITION OF CYCLONE DIMENSIONS

b De

a S
h

NV = Neutral vane
Extension of inner
side if inlet to centerline
of cyclone

B ELEVATION PLAN

08/23/2017 363956918.xls
 Cyclone size

CALCULATE DIMENSIONS FOR CYCLONE NOTES Sheet 1 is for sizing

Sheets 2/3 are for efficiency (alternates)
Sheet 4 are charts of results of sheets 2/3

SPECIFY UNITS (U = US CUSTOMARY[IMPERIAL], M = METRIC) m This setting applies to the whole sp

Input Working
Flow rate Q m^3/h 1699 1000 cfm
Design inlet vel vi m/s 15 49 fps
Gas density rg kg/m^3 1.2998 0.081 pcf
Inlet area 0.34 sf
PD parameter 1.50 cm water

Dimensions Type of cyclone

Stairmand Swift Lapple Swift Peterson/Whitby
HE HE LE LE LE

Dia D m 0.56 0.58 0.50 0.50 0.51

Inlet ht a m 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.30
Inlet width b m 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.11
Outlet length S m 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.30 0.30
Outlet dia De m 0.28 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.25
Cylinder ht h m 0.84 0.82 1.00 0.88 0.68
Overall ht H m 2.24 2.28 2.01 1.88 1.61
Dust outlet dia B m 0.21 0.23 0.13 0.20 0.25
# vel hds Nh 5.14 4.87 4.49 4.69 4.77
Press drop, no NV cm water 7.69 7.29 6.72 7.02 7.14
Press drop, with NV cm water 3.60 3.42 3.15 3.29 3.35

Cyclone data from "New design approach boosts cyclone efficiency", W.H.Koch and W.Licht, Chem Eng Nov 7 1977, 80
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, C

Page 3
 Cyclone size

r efficiency (alternates)
s of results of sheets 2/3

setting applies to the whole spreadsheet

Copy one col of outline

data (copy values only)
to efficiency sheet.

em Eng Nov 7 1977, 80

al and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Chem Eng, Jan 24, 1983, 99

Page 4
 Efficiency 1

CALCULATE EFFICIENCY FOR CYCLONE (method 1)

CALCULATIONS ARE IN METRIC UNITS
Geometry Input Working Limits/warnings
Dia D m 2.58 8.47 INLET HT GREATER THAN OUTLET LEN
Inlet ht a m 15.49 609.92 INLET WIDTH TOO GREAT - CONTRAC
Inlet width b m 6.20 243.97
Outlet length S m 1.29 4.23
Oulet dia De m 15.49 609.92 VORTEX OUTSIDE CYCLONE
Cylinder ht h m 3.87 12.70
Overall ht H m 10.33 33.88
Dust outlet dia B m 11.62 457.44
Natural length L m 14.65 48.04
# vel hds Nh 37532.13
Press drop, no NV cm water 0.00
Press drop, with NV cm water 0.00 Overall efficiency

Gas data
Flow rate Q m^3/h 2000 1176.67 19.61111 cfs
Density rg kg/m^3 0.0740 0.0046 0.066 air @ 1 atm, spec'd temp
Viscosity u cP 0.010 0.010 6.72E-06 lb/f-s
Temperature T C 60 140
Salt. temp fact fT 1.00 1
Salt dens. fact fp 1.00 1

Particle data Value used

Log mean dia dp m 12 11.905565
Log SD sd m 3 3.1077764
Use distribution? (Y/N) y If yes, run regression - adjust input ranges (cols Q
Specific gravity 0.8 49.92 pcf

References
Efficiency from "New design approach boosts cyclone efficiency",
W.H.Koch and W.Licht, Chem Eng Nov 7 1977, 80
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure
drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Chem Eng, Jan 24, 1983, 99

Statistical correlation constants

2.515517
0.802853
0.010328
1.432788
0.189269

Page 5
 Efficiency 1

0.001308

Page 6
 Efficiency 1

Calculated data

Log SD 1.133907
GREATER THAN OUTLET LENGTH - CAUSES SHORT-CIRCUITING Inlet velocity fps 0.018979
DTH TOO GREAT - CONTRACTION AT INLET Ratio inlet/salt vel -0.010114
Corrected L ft 29.64123
Core dia ft 38.11984
OUTSIDE CYCLONE Eff vol cf 26594.11
Inlet vol cf 41777.45
Cycl const Kc 90.67049
G 3.494537
Vortex exp n+1 1.754356

17.8 %

Efficiency calcs
Dia, um
m, spec'd temp Min Max Inlet mass
fraction
0 0.4 0.0020
0.4 0.6 0.0028
0.6 1.2 0.0168
1.2 1.8 0.0260
1.8 2.4 0.0309
2.4 3 0.0330
3 3.6 0.0336
n - adjust input ranges (cols Q,T) to suit data 3.6 4.2 0.0333
4.2 4.8 0.0324
4.8 7 0.1080
7 10 0.1197
10 13 0.0926
13 16 0.0724
16 22 0.1052
22 28 0.0698
28 34 0.0486
34 40 0.0351
40 49 0.0372
49 64 0.0384
64 79 0.0220
79 94 0.0136
0.9736
Overall efficiency

Page 7
Efficiency 1

Distribution data
Size, um Cum %
Min Max
0 2 6
2 3 11
3 5 22
5 10 44
10 20 67
20 30 80
30 40 85
40 50 90
50 100 97

Page 8
 Efficiency 1

Int calcs
Distribution Relax time Penetration
Penetration Outlet amt Outlet mass fl fh tl th pl
fraction
0.9890 0.0020 0.0024 0 0.009991 0 7.108E-07 1
0.9751 0.0028 0.0033 0.009991 0.018218 7.108E-07 1.599E-06 0.977949
0.9657 0.0162 0.0198 0.018218 0.037832 1.599E-06 6.397E-06 0.972296
0.9540 0.0248 0.0302 0.037832 0.048784 6.397E-06 1.439E-05 0.959149
0.9444 0.0291 0.0355 0.048784 0.054068 1.439E-05 2.559E-05 0.948804
0.9360 0.0309 0.0376 0.054068 0.056018 2.559E-05 4E-05 0.93996
0.9285 0.0312 0.0380 0.056018 0.05603 4E-05 5.758E-05 0.932099
0.9216 0.0307 0.0373 0.05603 0.054921 5.758E-05 7.837E-05 0.924949
0.9153 0.0297 0.0361 0.054921 0.053178 7.837E-05 0.000102 0.918345
0.9022 0.0975 0.1186 0.053178 0.04504 0.000102 0.000218 0.912179
0.8810 0.1055 0.1283 0.04504 0.034769 0.000218 0.000444 0.892282
0.8600 0.0797 0.0969 0.034769 0.026983 0.000444 0.000751 0.869646
0.8417 0.0609 0.0741 0.026983 0.021255 0.000751 0.001137 0.850272
0.8183 0.0861 0.1048 0.021255 0.013811 0.001137 0.00215 0.833119
0.7906 0.0552 0.0672 0.013811 0.009455 0.00215 0.003483 0.803387
0.7666 0.0373 0.0453 0.009455 0.006743 0.003483 0.005136 0.777883
0.7452 0.0262 0.0319 0.006743 0.004969 0.005136 0.007108 0.75535
0.7214 0.0268 0.0327 0.004969 0.003297 0.007108 0.010667 0.735057
0.6883 0.0265 0.0322 0.003297 0.00183 0.010667 0.018197 0.707827
0.6520 0.0144 0.0175 0.00183 0.001106 0.018197 0.027727 0.668731
0.6206 0.0085 0.0103 0.001106 0.000711 0.027727 0.039256 0.635282
0.8217 1.0000
Overall efficiency 17.8 %

Page 9
 Efficiency 1

% in ln dia max SUMMARY OUTPUT

range
6 0.693147 2.372092 1.555097 -1.555097 Regression Statistics
5 1.098612 2.101083 1.226669 -1.226669 Multiple R 0.999874
11 1.609438 1.740188 0.77197 -0.77197 R Square 0.999749
22 2.302585 1.28139 0.150652 -0.150652 Adjusted R 0.999713
23 2.995732 1.489069 0.43948 0.43948 Standard E 0.022894
13 3.401197 1.794123 0.841457 0.841457 Observatio 9
5 3.688879 1.947881 1.036431 1.036431
5 3.912023 2.145966 1.281729 1.281729 ANOVA
7 4.60517 2.648229 1.881213 1.881213 df SS
Regression 1 14.59118
Residual 7 0.003669
Total 8 14.59485

Coefficients
Standard Error
Intercept 2.477006 0.007748
X Variable 1.133907 0.006796

Page 10
 Efficiency 1

Penetration
ph

0.977949
0.972296
0.959149
0.948804
0.93996
0.932099
0.924949
0.918345
0.912179
0.892282
0.869646
0.850272
0.833119
0.803387
0.777883
0.75535
0.735057
0.707827
0.668731
0.635282
0.605957

Page 11
 Efficiency 1

MS F Significance F
14.59118 27837.76 7.332E-14
0.000524

t Stat P-value Lower 95%Upper 95%

Lower 95.000%
Upper 95.000%
319.6806 7.739E-16 2.458684 2.495328 2.458684 2.495328
166.8465 7.332E-14 1.117837 1.149978 1.117837 1.149978

Page 12
 Efficiency 2

CALCULATE EFFICIENCY FOR CYCLONE (method 2)

CALCULATIONS ARE IN METRIC UNITS
Geometry Input Working Limits/warnings
Dia D m 3.33 10.93 INLET HT GREATER THAN OUTLET LENGT
Inlet ht a m 20.00 787.40 INLET WIDTH TOO GREAT - CONTRACTIO
Inlet width b m 8.00 314.96
Outlet length S m 1.67 5.47
Oulet dia De m 20.00 787.40 VORTEX OUTSIDE CYCLONE
Cylinder ht h m 5.00 16.40
Overall ht H m 13.33 43.73
Dust outlet dia B m 15.00 590.55
Natural length L m 18.91 62.02
# vel hds Nh 37532.13
Press drop, no NV cm water 0.00
Press drop, with NV cm water 0.00 Overall efficiency

Gas data
Flow rate Q m^3/h 2000 1176.67 19.61111 cfs
Density rg kg/m^3 0.0740 0.0046 0.066 air @ 1 atm, spec'd temp
Viscosity u cP 0.010 0.010 6.72E-06 lb/f-s
Temperature T C 60 140
Salt. temp fact fT 1.00 1
Salt dens. fact fp 1.00 1

Particle data Value used

Log mean dia dp um 24 11.905565
Log SD sd um 3 3.1077764
Use distribution? (Y/N) y If yes, run regression - adjust input ranges (cols Q,T)
Specific gravity 5 312 pcf
Re-entrainment coeff alpha 0 default = 0 (see original paper for definition)

References
Efficiency from "A new collection theory of cyclone separators",
L.Enliang & W Yingmin, AIChEJ Vol 35, #4 April 1989, 666
Pressure drop vel head correlation from "A better way to calculate cyclone pressure
drop" J.Casal and J.M. Martinez-Benet, Chem Eng, Jan 24, 1983, 99

Statistical correlation constants

2.515517
0.802853
0.010328
1.432788
0.189269

Page 13
 Efficiency 2

0.001308

Page 14
 Efficiency 2

Calculated data

Log SD 1.133907
GREATER THAN OUTLET LENGTH - CAUSES SHORT-CInlet velocity fps 0.011387
DTH TOO GREAT - CONTRACTION AT INLET Ratio inlet/salt vel -0.004553
Vortex exp 1-n 0.065925
theta 6.462466
OUTSIDE CYCLONE rw 5.466667
rn 32.80833
uw -0.071855
Dr 0.005108

2.6 %

Efficiency calcs
Dia, um
m, spec'd temp Min Max Inlet mass Penetration Outlet amt
fraction
0 0.4 0.0020 1.0000 0.0020
0.4 0.6 0.0028 1.0000 0.0028
0.6 1.2 0.0168 1.0000 0.0168
1.2 1.8 0.0260 1.0000 0.0260
1.8 2.4 0.0309 1.0000 0.0309
2.4 3 0.0330 1.0000 0.0330
3 3.6 0.0336 1.0000 0.0336
n - adjust input ranges (cols Q,T) to suit data 3.6 4.2 0.0333 1.0000 0.0333
4.2 4.8 0.0324 1.0000 0.0324
4.8 7 0.1080 1.0000 0.1080
7 10 0.1197 1.0000 0.1197
10 13 0.0926 1.0000 0.0926
13 16 0.0724 1.0000 0.0724
16 22 0.1052 1.0000 0.1052
22 28 0.0698 1.0000 0.0698
28 34 0.0486 1.0001 0.0486
34 40 0.0351 1.0001 0.0351
40 49 0.0372 1.0003 0.0372
49 64 0.0384 1.0007 0.0385
64 79 0.0220 1.0018 0.0221
79 94 0.0136 1.0039 0.0137
0.9736 0.9737
Overall efficiency 2.6

Page 15
 Efficiency 2

Distribution data
Size, um Cum % % in ln dia max
Min Max range
0 2 6 6 0.693147
2 3 11 5 1.098612
3 5 22 11 1.609438
5 10 44 22 2.302585
10 20 67 23 2.995732
20 30 80 13 3.401197
30 40 85 5 3.688879
40 50 90 5 3.912023
50 100 97 7 4.60517

Page 16
 Efficiency 2

Int calcs
Distribution Penetration
Outlet mass fl fh kh wh lh pl ph
fraction
0.0021 0 0.009991 -1.56E-06 4.19E-09 -2.61E-13 1 1
0.0029 0.009991 0.018218 -3.51E-06 9.428E-09 -1.32E-12 1 1
0.0173 0.018218 0.037832 -1.4E-05 3.771E-08 -2.12E-11 1 1
0.0267 0.037832 0.048784 -3.15E-05 8.485E-08 -1.07E-10 1 1
0.0317 0.048784 0.054068 -5.61E-05 1.508E-07 -3.39E-10 1 1
0.0339 0.054068 0.056018 -8.76E-05 2.357E-07 -8.27E-10 1 1
0.0345 0.056018 0.05603 -0.000126 3.394E-07 -1.72E-09 1 1
0.0342 0.05603 0.054921 -0.000172 4.62E-07 -3.18E-09 1 1
0.0333 0.054921 0.053178 -0.000224 6.034E-07 -5.42E-09 1 1
0.1110 0.053178 0.04504 -0.000477 1.283E-06 -2.45E-08 1 1
0.1229 0.04504 0.034769 -0.000974 2.619E-06 -1E-07 1 1.000001
0.0951 0.034769 0.026983 -0.001646 4.426E-06 -2.92E-07 1.000001 1.000002
0.0743 0.026983 0.021255 -0.002493 6.704E-06 -6.69E-07 1.000002 1.000004
0.1080 0.021255 0.013811 -0.004713 1.267E-05 -2.39E-06 1.000004 1.000015
0.0717 0.013811 0.009455 -0.007634 2.053E-05 -6.28E-06 1.000015 1.000041
0.0499 0.009455 0.006743 -0.011257 3.027E-05 -1.36E-05 1.000041 1.000088
0.0361 0.006743 0.004969 -0.01558 4.19E-05 -2.61E-05 1.000088 1.000169
0.0382 0.004969 0.003297 -0.02338 6.288E-05 -5.89E-05 1.000169 1.000381
0.0395 0.003297 0.00183 -0.039885 0.000107 -0.000171 1.000381 1.001108
0.0227 0.00183 0.001106 -0.060773 0.000163 -0.000398 1.001108 1.002574
0.0141 0.001106 0.000711 -0.086042 0.000231 -0.000797 1.002574 1.005167
1.0000
%

Page 17
 Efficiency 2

SUMMARY OUTPUT

2.372092 1.555097 -1.555097 Regression Statistics

2.101083 1.226669 -1.226669 Multiple R 0.999874
1.740188 0.77197 -0.77197 R Square 0.999749
1.28139 0.150652 -0.150652 Adjusted R 0.999713
1.489069 0.43948 0.43948 Standard E 0.022894
1.794123 0.841457 0.841457 Observatio 9
1.947881 1.036431 1.036431
2.145966 1.281729 1.281729 ANOVA
2.648229 1.881213 1.881213 df SS MS F
Regression 1 14.59118 14.59118 27837.76
Residual 7 0.003669 0.000524
Total 8 14.59485

Coefficients
Standard Error t Stat P-value
Intercept 2.477006 0.007748 319.6806 7.739E-16
X Variable 1.133907 0.006796 166.8465 7.332E-14

Page 18
 Efficiency 2

Significance F
7.332E-14

Lower 95%Upper 95%

Lower 95.000%
Upper 95.000%
2.458684 2.495328 2.458684 2.495328
1.117837 1.149978 1.117837 1.149978

Page 19
 charts

EFFICIENCY

Koch and Licht Enliang

1.2000

1.0000
Penetration

0.8000

0.6000

0.4000

0.2000

0.0000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Particle dia um

Page 20
 charts

25 30

Page 21