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Industrial Energy Management 2
Industrial Energy Management 2
Roll NO : 141005
Question No: 1
Bulk energy storage is dominated by pumped hydro, which accounts for 99% of
global energy storage.
Some technologies provide short-term energy storage, while others can endure
for much longer. A wind-up clock stores potential energy (in this case
mechanical, in the spring tension), a rechargeable battery stores readily
convertible chemical energy to operate a mobile phone, and a hydroelectric
dam stores energy in a reservoir as gravitational potential energy. Fossil fuels
such as coal and gasoline store ancient energy derived from sunlight by
organisms that later died, became buried and over time were then converted
into these fuels. Food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a
form of energy stored in chemical form.
Ice storage tanks store ice frozen by cheaper energy at night to meet peak
daytime demand for cooling. The energy isn't stored directly, but the work-
product of consuming energy (pumping away heat) is stored, having the
equivalent effect on daytime consumption.
Since the discovery of electricity, we have sought effective methods to store
that energy for use on demand. Over the last century, the energy storage
industry has continued to evolve and adapt to changing energy requirements
and advances in technology. Energy storage systems provide a wide array of
technological approaches to managing our power supply in order to create a
more resilient energy infrastructure and bring cost savings to utilities and
consumers. To help understand the diverse approaches currently being
deployed around the world, we have divided them into six main categories:
Flow Batteries :
Batteries where the energy is stored directly in the
electrolyte solution for longer cycle life, and quick response times.
Flywheels :
mechanical devices that harness rotational energy to deliver
instantaneous electricity
Compressed Air Energy Storage - utilizing compressed air to create a
potent energy reserve.
Thermal:
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Pumped Hydro-Power :
creating large-scale reservoirs of energy with
water
You can learn more about each of these technologies by using our navigation
on the right hand side of this page, and each category includes real-world
examples of how these approaches being deployed in the field.
Energy Optimization:
Definition: Energy optimization is a form of energy
efficiency that can be done without any upfront costs. Energy optimization
practices include operating schedule modifications and lowering building
baseloads.
The EOS reduces kW and kWh consumption using multiple forms of resonance-
free and no-load electrical conditioning. The five key methods are as follows:
HARMONIC FILTRATION:
Reduces the distortion caused by non-linear loads,
such as electronics, VFDs, etc. from taking up electrical system capacity.
MAGNETIC CHOKES:
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Question No: 2
Elaborate Energy Management in Lighting & Power
Supply Sector?
Answer:
Lighting Controls:
Retrofitting metal halide hi-bay fixtures to fluorescent hi-bay
fixtures can generate energy cost savings of about 50 percent. How does
reducing the resulting energy consumption by another 30+ percent sound
This is made possible by switching to fluorescent technology and incorporating
OCCUPANCY SENSING controls.
Crites Tideys Energy Management department has the solution for:
Full building automation (offices, warehouse, manufacturing space, site
lighting, etc)
Individual fixture or entire area control
Wireless solutions for difficult retrofit or out-of-the-box thinking
480 460
600 575
2400 2300
4160 4000
6900 6600
13800 13200
Operation within tolerance of 10 percent of the rated voltage.
Operation from a sine wave of voltage source (not
to exceed 10 percent deviation factor).
Operation within a tolerance of 5 percent of rated frequency.
Operation within a voltage unbalance of 1 percent or less.
Operation at other than usual service conditions may result in the consumption
of additional energy.
1MW wind turbine to be designed and built in the UK was installed by RES at
Slievenahanaghan, Co Antrim.
In 2001 the company built the then-largest wind farm in the world at King
Mountain in Texas, using 214 Bonus turbines of 1.3 MW capacity. In 2005, RES
won a Queen's Award for Enterprise in the Sustainable Development category.
More recently the company has been active in the developing offshore UK wind
power market. It has supported the delivery of both onshore and offshore
engineering works for the Lynn and Inner Dowsing offshore wind farms off the
coast of Lincolnshire in the UK.
The RES Group has now developed and/or constructed over 100 wind farms
worldwide, with more than 10 GW of capacity. In addition, it has projects on its
books totaling several thousand megawatts worldwide, at various stages of
development.
The group will be managing the assets of the Renewables Infrastructure Group,
a company involved in onshore wind and solar energy in Britain, France and
Ireland, that plans a stock market flotation to raise up to GBP 300 million.
Answer:
Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass
including farm and animal waste as well as human excreta is known as non-
conventional energy. All these sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do
not cause environmental pollution. More over they do not require heavy
expenditure.
1. Wind Energy:
Wind power is harnessed by setting up a windmill which is
used for pumping water, grinding grain and generating electricity. The
gross wind power potential of India is estimated to be about 20,000 MW,
wind power projects of 970 MW capacities were installed till March.
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1998. Areas with constantly high speed preferably above 20 km per hour
are well-suited for harnessing wind energy.
2. Tidal Energy:
Sea water keeps on rising and falling alternatively twice a
day under the influence of gravitational pull of moon and sun. This
phenomenon is known as tides. It is estimated that India possesses
8000-9000 MW of tidal energy potential. The Gulf of Kuchchh is best
suited for tidal energy.
3. Solar Energy:
Sun is the source of all energy on the earth. It is most
abundant, inexhaustible and universal source of energy. AH other
sources of energy draw their strength from the sun. India is blessed with
plenty of solar energy because most parts of the country receive bright
sunshine throughout the year except a brief monsoon period. India has
developed technology to use solar energy for cooking, water heating,
water dissimilation, space heating, crop drying etc.
4. Geo-Thermal Energy:
Geo-thermal energy is the heat of the earth's
interior. This energy is manifested in the hot springs. India is not very rich
in this source.
Question No: 4
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Hydroelectric Energy:
The potential energy stored in the water held in dams
by is made to drive a water turbine and generator which in turn produces
electric power. This form of energy generation is called hydroelectric power.
Out of all the alternative energy sources, this one has been most commonly
adopted in the current time.
Solar Energy:
This is the energy which the earth receives from the Sun. This is
one of the most promising alternative energy sources, which will be available
to the mankind for centuries to come. The only challenge remains to tap the
solar energy in the most efficient way. The solar power generation is done by
using a series of photovoltaic cells where the solar rays are converted into
electricity. Apart from electricity production solar energy is also being used for
heating water, cooking food etc.
Wind Energy:
The power of the wind is harnessed to propel the blades of
wind turbine attached to an electric generator to generate wind energy. Wind
energy is an effective alternative source of energy in areas where the velocity
of wind flow is high.
Biomass Energy:
This is the energy developed from the wastes of various
human and animal activities like the by-products and wastes from timber
industry, agricultural yields, municipal solid waste etc. Out of the many
alternative sources of energy this is the one which takes into account the
utilization of waste material to develop energy thereby disposing them off in a
profitable and effective way.
Geothermal Energy:
This is the energy tapped from the heat inside the
earth. Hot rocks residing in the core of earth heat water which emits the
surface of the earth with pressure and as steam. This pressurized steam can be
used to run steam turbines to generate electricity.
Tidal Power:
The surface of earth is 71.11% covered by water bodies especially
oceans. The tides in water rise and fall due to the gravity of sun and moon.
Since we know about how the position of moon changes we can predict the
rise and fall of tides. This rise and fall of tides can be utilized by setting up small
dams and passing water through the turbines to generate power.
Green Buildings:
This day and age, you hear everyone talking about going
green. Whether you want to admit it or not, at some point everyone will have
to follow with the green movement. This is because at the rate we are going,
the earth is simply not sustainable. That means that over the years, we will
begin to run out of certain natural resources that are needed in order for us to
survive. That is alarming to some people, which is why there are so many
people that focus on green building. But, what exactly is green building? Lets
take a closer look at what it is, why you should consider it, and what the goals
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of a green building are. You are sure to find that it is something that you should
take part in.
Economic Benefits:
Reduce operating costs
Improve occupant productivity
Create market for green product and services
Social Benefits:
Improve quality of life
Minimize strain on local infrastructure
Improve occupant health and comfort
Question No: 5