12 Introduction Chap.

three ways: First, the free-held response is modified, usually amplified. Second,
excavation of the soil and insertion of the base of the (massless) structure into it
will alter the seismic input, resulting in an averaging of the translation and in an
additional rotational component (kinematic interaction). Third, the inertial loads
determined from this seismic input will further change the seismic motion along
the base (inertial interaction). Besides affecting the seismic input, the presence
of the soil also makes the dynamic system more flexible and the radiation of
energy of the propagating waves away from the structure increases the damping
of the total dynamic system.
4. (Quasi-)linear three-dimensional analysis of soil-structure interaction is possible
for one or more structures with flexible or rigid bases of arbitrary shape
embedded in a horizontally layered half-space with material damping.
5. In the substructure method, the unbounded soil is first examined and can be
represented by a generalized spring, on which the structure is then supported for
the interaction analysis.