Thi gian thc hin: 3h

Tn bi hc trc: BI 1 GIN PHA Fe - C

Lp: t ngy / / 2017 n
ngy: / / 2017
Gio n s: 04
Lp: t ngy / / 2017 n
ngy : / / 2017
Lp: t ngy / / 2017 n ngy : /
/ 2017

bi mi
Bi 2: GANG V CC LOI GANG THNG DNG
Mc tiu ca bi:
Kin thc:
- Trnh by c cc khi nim v gang.
- Trnh by c cc thnh phn ca gang.
- Trnh by c cc c im v tnh cht ca tng loi gang.
K nng:
- Hiu c cc k hiu ca gang v ng dng ca n.
Thi :
- Hnh thnh thi cn thn trong qu trnh lm bi.
- Linh hot trong qu trnh tip thu bi hc.
 DNG V PHNG TIN DY HC
dng Phng tin
- Gio n, gio trnh. - My tnh, my chiu, bt ch.
- Phn, bng
I. n nh lp Thi gian: 1
pht
S s lp:................Vng:...........
Ni dung nhc nh:
- im danh u gi.
- Nhc nh lp, to tm th tch cc cho bui hc.
II. Thc hin bi ging

Hot ng dy - hc Thi
TT Ni dung thc hin
gio vin hc sinh gian
1 2 3 4 5
1 Dn nhp:
- Kim tra bi c - Hi HS: Da vo - Suy ngh tr li 5`

- Gang v thp l hp kim en c s dng rng ri trong thc k thut v GDP v mi quan cu hi ?
trong thc t. So vi thp th gang khng c s dng nhiu . Nhng h gia cc pha.
nhng ng dng ca gang cng rt quan trng. Da vo tnh cht ni bt Hy phn bit gang
ca gang ch to cc sn phm ng dng cao trong i sng. Vy tnh v thp ?
 cht ca gang l nhng g ? v ng dng ca gang vo nhng lnh vc g ? - Nhn xt - Lng nghe

1 2 3 4 5
2 Ging bi mi:
I. GII THIU CHUNG V GANG - Nu vn - Lng nghe
1. nh ngha
- Thuyt trnh v - Ghi chp
Gang l hp kim ca st v cacbon vi lng C = (2,14% 6,67%).
khi nim ca gang
Ngoi ra c mt s tp cht nh: Mn, Si, P, S.
2. Thnh phn ha hc v t chc t vi
- Thnh phn ha hc
+ C = (2,14 6,67)% thng dng gang c C = (3 4%) - Phn tch thnh - Lng nghe v
+ Si = (1 4,25)% phn ha hc v t ghi chp.
+ Mn = (2 2,5)% trong gang trng, Mn < 1,3 % trong gang xm.
chc t vi ca gang.
+ P = (0,1 0,2) %
+ S 0,15%
- T chc t vi
+ Cacbon trng thi lin kt hp cht ha hc (Fe3C), thng gp
trong gang trng.
+ Cacbon trng thi t do (grafit) vi cc dng tm, phin, cm bng,
cu thng gp trong gang xm, gang do, gang cu.
3. C tnh v tnh cng ngh
- Hi HS v c tnh - Tr li.
- C tnh.
tng qut ca gang.
+ Nhn chung, gang l loi vt liu c bn ko thp, gin cao.
+ Trong gang xm, gang do, gang cu, t chc grafit tn ti nh nhng l - Nhn xt v phn - Ghi chp.
hng c sn trong gang, l ni tp trung ng sut ln, lm gang km bn. tch cc c tnh v
- Tnh cng ngh. tnh cng ngh ca
+ Tnh c tt (c nhit nng chy thp v tnh chy long cao). gang.
+ Tnh gia cng ct gt tt, v cng thp, phoi d gy vn.
+ Khng rn c.
- Thuyt trnh cc - Lng nghe.
4. Cng dng
ng dng ca gang.
Ni chung, gang c tnh tng hp khng cao nh thp, nhng c tnh
c tt, d ct gt, ch to n gin hn v r. V vy, cc loi gang c
grafit dng rt nhiu trong ch to c kh, dng ch to cc loi chi tit
chu ti trng tnh v t chu va p nh: b my, v my...
II. CC YU T NH HNG N TNH CHT CA GANG - Nu vn - Lng nghe
1. nh hng ca Cacbon
a) Khi Cacbon dng hp cht
- Phn tch nh - Ghi chp.
- Fe3C c cng rt cao nn lm gang rt cng v gin, kh gia cng ct
gt. hng ca cacbon
- Khi % C tng th % Fe 3C cng tng lm cho gang cng cng, gin n tnh cht ca
cng cao, bn gim. gang.
b) Khi Cacbon dng n cht
- Grafit c bn rt thp (coi nh nhng khong trng trong gang).
- Khi % C tng th % Grafit cng tng lm cho tnh gin tng, bn gim.
- Phn tch nh - Lng nghe v
2. nh hng ca Mn, Si, P, S
hng ca cc ghi chp.
a) nh hng ca Mn
- Mn cn tr s to thnh graphit, thng khng ch Mn = (0,5 1%). nguyn t Mn, Si, P,
b) nh hng ca Si S nh hng n
- Si thc y s to thnh grafit. tnh cht ca gang.
- Ty theo yu cu m khng ch Si = (1,5 3 %)
c) nh hng ca P
- Lm tng tnh chy long ca gang, thng dng P = (0,1 0,2%)
d) nh hng ca S
- S cn tr s to thnh grafit trong gang, lm xu tnh c ca gang.
- Lng S cng t cng tt.
III. CC LOI GANG THNG DNG
1. Gang xm - Nu vn . - Lng nghe.
a) Khi nim v gang xm:
L loi gang grafit, trong grafit c
dng tm.
b) Thnh phn v t chc t vi - Nu v phn tch - Ghi chp.
Thnh phn: C = (2,8 3,2) % khi nim, thnh
Ngoi ra c: phn v cc tnh
Mn = (0,5 0,8)%; cht ca gang xm.
Si (0,5 3)%; P = (0,14 0,4)%; T chc t vi ca gang xm
S = (0,12 0,2)%
c) Tnh cht
* L tnh:
- Do grafit c mu xm ti nn mt gy ca gang c mu xm.
- Dn nhit, dn in km hn so vi thp. - Nu mt vi v d - Lng nghe ghi
- Nhit nng chy thp. v tnh cht ca chp
* C tnh: gang xm, kh nng
- Gang ch to d dng nhng do graphit c cng, bn thp hn gia cng ca gang
xementit (Fe3C) nn gang xm c cng, bn thp hn gang trng xm.
nhiu (150 250HB, k = 150 400N/mm2), ch bng na so vi thp
cacbon.
- do v dai thp ( = 0.5%, ak < 100KJ/m2) v c th xem gang
xm l vt liu gin.
- C tnh chng mi mn cao hn thp.
* Tnh cng ngh:
- Bin dng km, tnh ct gt cao, cho phoi vn do grafit mm v gin
* Tnh kinh t: ch to gang xm n gin hn thp.
- Ly v d cc ng - Quan st.
d) Phm vi s dng
dng ca gang xm.
Dng ch to cc sn phm c c c im: kch thc sn phm ln,
kt cu phc tp, cc chi tit khng chu va p khi lm vic m chu nn l
ch yu, cn gim rung ng khi lm vic v c kh nng t bi trn.
e) K hiu - Phn tch cc k - Ghi chp.
- Theo tiu chun Nga: C vi hai s ch gii hn bn ko v gii hn bn hiu v gang xm
un, n v Kg/mm2 theo cc tiu chun
2 2
V d: C24-44 l gang xm, c k = 24Kg/mm hay k = 240N/mm , u =
ca Nga, Nht, Vit
2 2
44Kg/mm , u = 440N/mm .
Nam.
Thng dng cc loi gang xm C 12- 28, C 15-32, C21-40, C24-44,
C36-58
- Theo TCVN: GX v hai s ging nh ca Nga. V d : GX12- 28
2. Gang cu
a) Khi nim - Nu vn . - Lng nghe.
Gang cu l loi gang grafit, trong grafit c dng cu.
Gang cu l loi gang c bn cao nht - Nu v phn tch - Ghi chp.
do grafit dng thu gn nht.
khi nim, thnh
*/ Thnh phn:
phn v cc tnh
Do gang cu c ch to t gang xm
bng cch cho thm nguyn t Mg hoc cht ca gang cu.

Ce vo gang xm dng lng. V vy

thnh phn ca gang cu ging nh thnh - Nu mt vi v d - Lng nghe ghi

phn ca gang xm. v tnh cht ca chp

T chc t vi gang cu
c) C tnh ca gang cu gang cu, kh nng
- C c tnh kh cao, gii hn bn ch bng 70% - 80% so vi thp, bn gia cng ca gang
t 400 1000Mn/m2, = (5 15) %, ak = 300 600 (kJ/m2) cu.
- Gang cu t b ph hy gin hn gang xm.
- cng xp x 200 HB, gia cng ct gt tt. - Ly v d cc ng - Quan st.
d) Phm vi s dng
dng ca gang cu.
Gang cu ch yu dng thay thp ch to cc chi tit hnh dng phc tp
nh trc khuu t, ngoi ra mt s chi tit quan trng khc.
e) K hiu - Phn tch cc k - Ghi chp.
Theo TCVN th gang cu c k hiu l GC + Nhm s ch gii hn bn hiu v gang cu
ko ti thiu theo Kg/mm2 v gin di tng i (%) theo cc tiu chun
VD: GC 100-04: C gii hn bn ko l 100 (Kg/mm2) v gin di ca Nga, Nht, Vit
tng i l 4(%). Theo TC ca Nga th gang cu c k hiu bng B v Nam.
cc ch s v thnh phn ca cc nguyn t i km tng t nh trong k
hiu ca Vit Nam.
4. Gang do
a) Khi nim
L loi gang c t chc grafit tng i thu gn dng cm v bng,
tnh do tng i cao, mt gy c mu xm. Nhn b mt th kh phn bit
- Nu vn . - Lng nghe.
c so vi gang xm.
b) Thnh phn v t chc C
- Gang do c ch to bng cch t gang trng, nn thnh phn ha - Nu v phn tch - Ghi chp.
hc tng t nh gang trng em . khi nim, thnh
- Thnh phn: C = (2,2 2,8)%; Si = (0,8 1,4)%; Mn 1,0%; S phn v cc tnh
0,1%; P = 0,2%.
cht ca gang cu.
c) Tnh cht
- c tnh ni bt ca gang do l c do cao do lng cacbon thp
grafit t v dng tng i thu gn. - Nu mt vi v d - Lng nghe ghi
- C tnh ca n th nm gia gang xm v gang cu. v tnh cht ca chp
(c k = 300 600N/mm2; = 5 10%) gang cu, kh nng
d) Phm vi s dng gia cng ca gang
Gang do c c tnh tng hp tt hn gang xm nhng t do qu trnh cu.
nu luyn, ch to lu, tn nhit v thi gian nn gang do ch yu c
dng lm cc chi tit my, ng thi tha mn cc yu cu sau:
- Ly v d cc ng - Quan st.
- Hnh dng phc tp.
- Tit din (thnh mng). dng ca gang cu.
- Chu va p.
e) K hiu
 - Theo tiu chun Nga K vi hai ch s gii hn bn ko (kg/mm2),
gin di tng i (n v l %). - Phn tch cc k - Ghi chp.
V d: K33-8 l gang do c k = 33(Kg/mm2) hay (330N/mm2); = hiu v gang cu
8%
theo cc tiu chun
- Theo TCVN: GZ v hai s ging nh tiu chun Nga.
ca Nga, Nht, Vit
- Cc loi gang do thng dng: K30-6, K50-2, K60-2, K70-3,
Nam.
K56-4
1 2 3 4 5
3 Cng c kin thc v kt thc bi Tng kt ni Lng nghe
I. GII THIU CHUNG V GANG dung chnh ca
II. CC YU T NH HNG N TNH CHT CA GANG bi hc
III. CC LOI GANG THNG DNG
 4 Ngun ti liu tham kho Gii thiu mt Lng nghe
+ Nguyn Hong Sn Vt Liu C Kh NXB Gio dc 2000 s ti liu hc
+ Gio trnh vt liu c kh Trng CNCN Thanh Ha 2015 tp v tham kho

III. Rt kinh nghim thc hin bi ging :

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K duyt Son ngy thng nm 201..
ngy........thng.........nm............. Gio vin
trng khoa

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