=: njd;fiyahh;; gftj; ifq;fh;a &gk; vd;W Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.

g;uhj: (fhiy) ]e;j;ah te;jd f;ukk; - ]hkNtjk; mbf;Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij khj;ahe;epfj;Jf;F : khj;ahe;epf ]e;ja
; hk;
khj;: -- vd;gJ khj;ahe;epfj;jpw;fk; cghrp\;Na vd;Wk; rhae;juj;jpw;F : rhak; re;j;ahk; cghrp\;Na
rhak;: vd;gJ rhak; re;jpf;Fk; cs;s khWjy;fs; vd;Wk; khw;wpf; nfhs;f.
1. Mrkdk;: (2juk;) 4. g;Nuhf;\zk;:
(ke;jpuk; (jpUehkk;) nrhy;yp jPh;j;jk; cl;nfhs;sTk;) jiyiaj; njhl;L MNgh`p\;lh ,jp ke;j;u];a rpe;Jj;tPg
Xk; mr;Rjha ek: Xk; mee;jha ek: Xk; Nfhtpe;jha ek: U\p: %f;ifj; njhl;L fhaj;hP re;j: khh;igj; njhl;L MNgh
tpuy; njhLk;,lk; ehkk; (ke;jpuk;) Njtjh - mghk; g;Nuh~Nz tpepNahf: vdf;$wp
fl;il tyf;fd;dk; xk; Nfrtha ek: jiyiaj; njhl;L juj;]Nk ,j;Na\hk; thkNjt U\p:
,lf;fd;dk; xk; ehuhazha ek: Nkhjpu %f;ifj; njhl;L fhaj;hP re;j: khh;igj; njhl;L N]hNkh Njtjh
tyf;fz; Xk; khjtha ek: - khh;[NetpepNahf: vdf;$wp
,lf;fz; Xk; Nfhtpe;jha ek: 4 tpuy;fspd; Edpfshy; xt;nthU ke;jpuj;jpw;Fk; jiyapy; jPhj
; j
; k;
Ml;fhl;b ty%f;F Xk; tp\;zNt ek: g;Nuh~pj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;
,l%f;F Xk; kJ #jeha ek: Xk; (,jw;Fk; xUKiw g;Nuh~pj;Jf;nfhs;f)
Rz;L tyf;fhJ Xk; j;hptpf;ukha ek: Xk; G+h;Gt];]{t: jj;]tpJh;tNuzPak; gh;NfhNjt];a jPk`p
,lf;fhJ Xk; thkeha ek: jpNahNahe: g;uNrhjahJ Xk; G+h;Gt];]{t:
eLtpuy; tyj;Njhs; Xk; =juha ek: MNgh`p\;lh kNahGt: jhdCh;N[ jjheh
,lj;Njhs; Xk; U\pNfrha ek: kN`uhzha f;\f;rN] Naht];rptjNkh u]:
4 tpuy; (ehgp)tapW Xk; gj;kehgha ek: j];agh[aNj`e: crjPhpt khju:
5 tpuYk; cr;re;jiy Xk; jhNkhjuha ek: j];kh muq;fkhkt: mLj;j ke;jpuj;jpw;F kl;Lk;
2. g; u hzhahkk; : tyf; f l; i l tpuyhy; ty%f; F j; J thuk; Koq;fhy;fspy; g;Nuh~zk; gpd; kPz;Lk; jiyapy;
milj;J mLj;jpuz;L (Ms;fhl;b> eL) tpuy; cs; klf;fp ,l a];af;\aha [pe;tjh MNgh[eajh[e:
%f; F j; J thuk; top Kbe; j kl; L k; %r; r pOj; J > mLj; j puz; L juj;]ke;jp jhtjp jhuh]{j];a me;j]:
(Nkhjpu>Rz;L) tpuyhy; ,l%f;Fj;Jthuk; milj;J tha;> %f;F juj;]ke;jp jhtjp c];uhNtj t]_ehk;
vt; t opAk; fhw; W ntspNawhf; fhj; J gpd; ke; j puk; kdjpw; F s; kh;j];aNj t;at] juj;]ke;jp jhtjp
[gpj;J> ty%f;Fj; Jthuk; top fhw;iw rPuhf ntspapl;L> Kbtpy; j;t];uNah: GU\e;jNah: M ]`];uhzp jj;kN`
Rz;Ltpuyhy; tyf;fhij njhLf. juj;]ke;jp jhtjp MaNah];j;Uk;rjk; jeh
Xk; g+: Xk; Gt: XFk; ]{t: xk; k`: Xk; [d: Xk; M]`];uhzpr jj;kN` juj;]ke;jp jhtjp
jg: XFk; ]j;ak; Xk; jj;]tpJh;tNuz;ak; gh;NfhNjt];a jPk`p Xk; G+h;Gt];Rt: jiyiar;Rw;wp jPh;j;jk; tplwJ.
j;NahNahe: g;uNrhjahj; Xkhg: [;NahjPu]: mk;Ujk; g;u`;kh
G+h;Gt]{tNuhk;. 5. g;uhrdk;: jiyiaj; njhl;L m`r;r ,j;a];a g;u[hgjp
hp\p: %f;ifj; njhl;L NjtP fhaj;hP re;j: khh;igj; njhl;L
3. ]q;fy;gk;: ifjl;LtJNghy; ,lJifNky; tyJif itj;J m`uhjpj;nas NjtNj g;uhrNd tpepNahf: vdf; $wp tyJ
=gftjhf;Qah... k; g;uhj];]e;j;ahk; cghrp\;Na. g;uhj]; cs;sq;ifapy; rpwpJ jPh;j;jk; vLj;J
]e;jpahte;jdhf;ak; fh;k ];t];ik ];tg;hPjNa gfthe; ];taNkt m`r;rkhjpj;ar;r GehJ];th`h vd;W nrhy;yp mUe;jTk;
fhuajp. 5. khj; :- Mg Gee;J ,jp mEtf];a Mg: U\p: - mE\;Lg; re;j:
=gftjh[;QahTld; tlfiy-=ke;ehuhaz g;hPj;ah;j;jk;
- g;uk;kz];gjp: Njtjh mghk; g;uhrNe tpepNahf: 7. mh;f;a g;ujhdk;: (jiyg;G 2d; gb) g;uhzhahkk;.
MgGee;J g;Uj;tPk; - g;Uj;tP G+jh GehJkhk; - Gee;J g;Uk;kz];gjp: = gftjhf;Qah ...k; g; u hj]; re; j ; a h mh; f ; a g; u jhdk;
g;u`;kG+jh GehJkhk;. aJr;rp\;lk; mNghr;ak; - aj;thJr;rhpjk; kkh fhp\;Na. khj;: khj;ahe;epf ]e;j;ah - rhak; : rhak; re;j;ah mh;f;a
- ]h;tk;Gee;Jkhk; - MNgh]jhQ;r - g;ujpf;u`k; - ];th`h. g;ujhek; fhp\;Na.
5. rhak; : jiyiaj; njhl;L uhj;hpr;r ,j;a];a g;u[hgjp hp\p: jiyiaj; njhl;L mh;f;ag;ujhd ke;j;u];a tpr;thkpj;u U\p:
%f;ifj; njhl;L NjtP fhaj;hP re;j: khh;igj; njhl;L uhj;hp tUn- %f;ifj; njhl;L NjtP fhaj;hP re;j:
zs NjtNj g;uhrNd tpepNahf: vdf; $wp tyJ cs;sq;ifapy; khh;igj; njhl;L ]tpjh Njtjh-mh;f;ag;ujhNd tpepNahf:
rpwpJ jPh;j;jk; vLj;J vd;W e;ahrk; nra;J jPh;j;j ghj;jpuj;ij ,lJif Ml;fhl;b tpuy;
uhj;hpr;r kh tUzr;r GehJ];th`h vd;W nrhy;yp mUe;jTk; kw;Wk; Rz;L tpuy;fSf;fpilapy; ,Lf;fpf;nfhz;L
Mrkdk;: (jiyg;G 1y; fz;Ls;sgb gz;zTk;) ke;jpuk; Kbe;jJk; rha;j;J cs;sq;ifapy;
6. Ge: g;Nuhf;\zk;: jPh;j;jk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L ,uz;L iffspd;
jiyiaj; njhl;L jjpf;uht;z ,jp ke;j;u];a thkNjt U\p Edptpuy;fs; topahf tplNtz;Lk;
%f;ifj; njhl;L mE\;Lg; re;j: khh;igj; njhl;L jjpf;uhth Xk; G+h; Gt];Rt: jj;]tpJh; tNuz;ak; gh;Nfh
Njtjh jiyiaj; njhl;L MNgh`p\;lh ,jp ke;ju; ];a rpe;Jj;tg P Njt];a jPk`p jpNahNahe:g;uNrhjahj; (3
U\p: %f;ifj; njhl;L fhaj;hP re;j: khh;igj; njhl;L MNgh juk;)
Njtjh - mghk; g;Nuh~Nz tpepNahf: tyJ ifapy; jPh;j;jk; thq;fp jd;idj;jhNd Rw;wpf;nfhz;L
jiyiaj; njhl; L juj; ] Nk ,j; N a\hk; thkNjt U\p: tplTk; m]hthjpj;Nah g;u`;kh
%f;ifj; njhl;L fhaj;hP re;j: khh;igj; njhl;L N]hNkh Njtjh Mrkdk; (jiyg;G 1y; cs;sgb)
- khh;[NetpepNahf: vdf;$wp
g;ujp ke;j;uk; jiyapy; jPh;j;jk; g;Nuh~pj;Jf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk; 8. Nfrthjp jh;gzk;: jPh;j;j ghj;jpuj;jpypUe;J jPh;j;jk; rhpj;J
Xk; jjpf;uhtpz;Nzh mfhU\k; tyJ Edptpuy;fs; topahf xt;nthU ke;jpuj;jpw;Fk; xU Kiw
[p\;Nzhu];t];a th[pe: jiuapy; tplTk;
]{ugpNeh Kfhfuj; g;uz MA+Fk;\p jhhp\j; xk; Nfrtk; jh;gahkp Xk; ehuhazk; jh;gahkp
MNgh`p\;lh kNahGt: jhdCh;N[ jjheh Xk; khjtk; jh;gahkp Xk; Nfhtpe;jk; jh;gahkp
kN`uhzha f;\f;rN] Naht];rptjNkh u]: xk; tp\;Zk; jh;gahkp Xk; kJ#jdk; jh;gahkp
j];agh[aNj`e: crjPhpt khju: Xk; jphptpf;ukk; jh;gahkp Xk; thkdk; jh;gahkp
j];kh muq;fkhkt: mLj;j ke;jpuj;jpw;F kl;Lk; Xk; =juk; jh;gahkp Xk; U\pNfrk; jh;gahkp
Koq;fhy;fspy; g;Nuh~zk; gpd; kPz;Lk; jiyapy; Xk; gj;kehgk; jh;gahkp Xk; jhNkhjuk; jh;gahkp.
a];af;\aha [pe;tjh MNgh[eajh[e: Mrkdk;. (jiyg;G 1y; cs;sgb)
juj;]ke;jp jhtjp jhuh]{j];a me;j]:
juj;]ke;jp jhtjp c];uhNtj t]_ehk;
kh;j];aNj t;at] juj;]ke;jp jhtjp e;ahrk; nra;Ak; ,lq;fspy; U\p> re;j:> Njtjh vd;w ,lq;fspy; KiwNa
j;t];uNah: GU\e;jNah: M ]`];uhzp jj;kN` glj;jpy; fhl;bathW njhlTk;.
juj;]ke;jp jhtjp MaNah];j;Uk;rjk; jeh
M]`];uhzpr jj;kN` juj;]ke;jp jhtjp
Xk; G+h;Gt];Rt: jiyiar;Rw;wp jPh;j;jk; tplwJ. 10. [g Muk;gk;:
2
[gk; gz;z cl;fhUk; ,lj;ij Xk; G+h;Gt];Rt: vd;W
g;Nuh~pj;J mq;Nf epd;W nfhz;L jiyiaj; njhl;L M]e
ke;j;u];ah g;Ujpt;ah NkUg;U\;l U\p: %f;ifj; njhl;L Rjyk;
re;j: khh;igj; njhl;L =$h;Nkh Njtjh - M]Ne tpepNahf:
vdf; $wp
$h;kh]dha ek: fkyh]dha ek: tpkyh]dha ek: Nahfh]
dha ek: g;Ujptpj;tah j;Ujh Nyhfh Njtpj;tk; tp\;Zehj;Ujh
j;tk;r jhuakhk; Njtp gtpj;uk; FUrh]ek; vd;W e;ahrk; nra;J
mt;tplj;jpy; rk;kzkpl;L cl;fhuTk;
jiyg;G 2d;gb g;uhzhahkk;.
11. ]q;fy;gk;: =-k; g;uhj];]e;j;ah (khj; : khj;ahe;epf re;j;ah
rhak; : rhak; re;j;ah) fhaj;hP ke;j;u [gk; fhp\;Na.
jiy-njhl;L g;uzt];a U\p g;u`;kh
%f;-njhl;L Njtp fhaj;hp re;j:
khh;-njhl;L gukhj;kh =ke; ehuhaNzh Njtjh
j-njh G+uhjp t;ah`;UjP j;iuahzhk; mj; h p> g; U F> Fj; ]
U\a:
%-njh fhaj;hp> c\;zpf;> mE\;Lg;> re;jhk;]p
kh-njh mf;ep>thA> #h;Nah Njtjh:
j - njh ]htpj;hpah U\p: tp];thkpj;u:
% - njh epr;Uj; fhaj;hP re;j:
kh - njh ]tpjh Njtjh fhaj;;hp [Ng tpepNahf:
jiyg;G 2d; gb 3 juk; g;uhzhahkk; gpd; e;ahrk;: =gftjhf;Qah..k; fhaj;hp cj;th]dk; fhp\;Na. vdf; $wp
j - njh MahJ ,jp mEthf];a thkNjt U\p:
% - njh mE\;Lg; re;j: kh - njh fhaj;;hp Njtjh - fhaj;hp
Mth`Ne tpepNahf:
vd;W e;ahrk; gz;zp if $g;gpf;nfhz;L fhaj;hp Mth`dk;
MahJ tujh Njtp mf;\uk; g;u`;k ]k;kpjk; fhaj;hpk; re;j]
hk; khjh ,jk; g;u`;k [{\];te: XN[h]p ]N`h]p gyk]p
g;uhN[h]p Njthehk; jhkehkh]p tp];tk]p tp];thA: ]h;k]p ]
h;thA: mgpG+Nuhk; fhaj;hPk; Mth`ahkp ]htpj;hPk; Mth`ahkp
]u];tjPk; Mth`ahkp
vd;W Mth`dk; gz;zp gpd; if $g;gpf;nfhz;L
g;uhjh;ja
; hahkp fhaj;hk
P ; utp kz;ly kj;afhk; Uf;Ntjk; cr;rhuae;jk
P ;
uf;jth;zhk; Fkhhpfhk; mf;\khyhfuhk; g;u`;k ijtj;ahk; `k;]
th`ehk;
khj;: kj;ae;jpNeJ ]htpj;hPk; - utpkz;ly kj;afhk; - a[{h;Ntjk;
t;ah`ue;jPk; - ];Ntjhk; #yfuhk; rpthk;. AtjPk; Uj;u ijtj;ahk;
- j;ahahkp t;U\ th`ehk;.
rhak; : rhak; ru];tjPk; r;ahkhk; utpkz;ly kj;afhk; - ]hkNtjk;
t;ah`ue;jPk; rf;uhAj juhk; Rghk;. j;ahahkp tp\;Z ijtj;ahk;
t;Uj;jhk; fUlth`ehk;. vd;W nrhy;yp
j - njh ]htpj;hpah U\p: tp];thkpj;u:
% - njh NjtP fhajhP re;j:
kh - njh ]tpjh Njtjh vd;W e;ahrk; gpd; if$g;gp
rq;fr;rf;u juk; Njtk; fphPlhjp tpG+\pjk; #h;a kz;ly kj;a];j;jk; j;ahNaj;
];th;z Urpk; `hpk;. Nah Njt: ]tpjh m];khfk; j;Nahjh;khjp Nfhruh:
g;NuuNaj; j];a aj;gh;f;f: jj;tNuz;ak; cgh];kN`
12. (fhaj;hp) [gk;: fPo;f;fz;lthW 5 ghfkhfg; gphpj;J
Xk;
G+h;Gt];]_t:
jj;]tpJh;tNuz;ak;
gh;NfhNjt];ajPk`p
jpNahNahe: g;uNrhjahj;
(10 / 28 / 108 / 1008 juk; gz;zNtz;baJ)
13. cg];jhdk; (tzq;Fjy;):
jiyg;G 2d;gb g;uhzhahkk; gz;zp
j - njh cj;jk ,jp mEthf];a thkNjt U\p:
% - njh mE\;Lg; re;j:
kh - njh fhaj;hp Njtjh - fhaj;hp cj;th]Ne tpepNahf:
vd;W e;ahrk; gz;zp gpd; if $g;gpf;nfhz;L
cj;jNk rpfNu Njtp G+k;ahk; gh;tj *h;jep g;uh`;kNzg;Nah
`;aEf;Qhdk; fr;rNjtp ajhRfk; vd;W nrhy;yp
gpd; vOe;J epd;W if$g;gpf;nfhz;L
aNrh`k; gthkp> g; u h`; k zhehk; > aNrhuh[; Q hk; > aNrht-
prhk;. ar: ]j;a];a gthkp> gthkp ar]hk; ar:> Geh;khae;J
Njtjh> ahkjgrf;uK:. k`];te;j:> k`he;j: gthkp> m];kpe;
ghj;Nu> `hpNj N]hkg;U\;N\;Nl. &g&gk;Nk jpr> g;uhjue;e];a
Nj[]:. me;eKf;u];a g;uhrp\k; m];J it kapj;taPjk;> m];J
j;taP kaPjk;> ajpjk; gr;];ahkp r~{\h> j;tah jj;jk; g;ugh]3
ah> Nje khGQ;r khG~p\Pa> Nje khtpr. m`h;Neh mj;a gPguJ>
uhj;hpNeh mjpghuaJ. Mjpj;aehtkhNuh~k; G+h;zhkp mghpthjpePk.;
mr;rpj;uhk; ghuap\;zPk;. rjhhpj;uhk; ];t];jNa. Xk; ek Mjpj;aha>
ek Mjpj;aha> ek Mjpj;aha
khj; :- cJj;ak; [hjNtj]k; Njtk; t`e;jp Nfjt: j;UNr tpr;tha
#h;ak; vd;W tlf;Fg;ghh;jJ ; Kd;Nghy; xU mh;fa; k; tplTk;. #h;aid
t;Nahk Kj;iuahy; ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;L : rpj;uk;Njtehk; cjfhjePfk;
r~{h; kpj;u];a tUz];ahf;Ne: Mg;uh j;ahthg;UjptP me;jhp~k;
#h; a Mj; k h [fJ]; j ]; J \r; r . t; U ~,t gf; t ]; j p\; l ]
p. ]h;the; fhkhe; Gt];gNj> a];j;ittk; Ntj j];ik Nk Ngh-
fhe; Jf; ~ ; t h~jhe; g; U `e; Ujk; j]; N a g; u jp\; b jk; G+jk;
gtp\;ajh]`. Mfhrcgepu[;[Jk`;ake;ekNjhr;hpak;. Nje ]
h;Ntz ]h;Nthkhtpth]e tpth]a. Nfhr ,t G+h;Nzh t]
{ehj;tk; g;hPnjh jjN]jek;. mj;U\;Nlh j;U\;lkhgu ]h;the;
fhkhe; g;uar;rNk. Mfhri]Na\ MfhNrhaNj jj;ghjpkz;lyk;.
Vte;jhNtjNahNtNjrhNerhe; g;uar;rNk. G+h;Gt];]{tNuhXXXk;>
]_h;a,t j;UNr G+ah]k;. mf;ephpt Nj[]h. thAhpt g;uhNze.
N]hk ,t fe;Nje. g;U`];gjphpt Gj;ah. mr;tpehtpt &Ngz.
,e;j;uhf;ePhpt gNye. g;u`;kghfVth`k; G+ah]k;. ghg;kghfhNk
j;tp\e;j:.
rhak; :- aNrh`k; gthkp> g;uh`;kzhehk;> aNrhuh[;Qhk;> aN-
rhtprhk;. ar: ]j;a];a gthkp> gthkp ar]hk; ar:> Geh;khae;J
Njtjh> ahkjgrf;uK:. k`];te;j:> k`he;j: gthkp> m];kpe; ghj;Nu>
`hpNj N]hkg;U\;N\;Nl. &g&gk;Nk jpr> g;uhjue;e];a Nj[]:.
me;eKf;u];a g;uhrp\k; m];J it kapj;taPjk;> m];J j;taP kaPjk;>
ajpjk; gr;];ahkp r~{\h> j;tah jj;jk; g;ugh]ah> Nje khGQ;r
khG~p\Pa> Nje khtpr. uhj;hpNeh mj;a gPguJ> m`h;Neh mjp-
ghuaJ. Mjpj;aehtkhNuh~k; G+h;zhkp mghpthjpePk;. mr;rpj;uhk;
ghuap\;zk P .; rjhhpj;uhk; ];t];jNa. Xk; ek Mjpj;aha> ek Mjpj;aha>
ek Mjpj;aha. g;ujp\;le;je;j;thjpj;a mEg;jpjp\;lh]k;
16. ]e;j;ahjp Njtjh te;jdk;:
khj;: tlf;F Muk;gk; - rhak;: Nkw;F Muk;gk;.
fpof;Nf ghh;j;J if$g;gp Xk; ]e;j;ahia ek:
njw;NF ghh;j;J if$g;gp ]htpj;hpia ek:
Nkw;Nf ghh;j;J if$g;gp fhaj;hpia ek:
tlf;Nf ghh;j;J if$g;gp ]u];tj;ia ek:
fpof; N f if$g; g p ]h; t hg; N ah Njtjhg; N ah eNkh ek:
fpof;Fg;ghh;j;J 4juk; rh\;lhq;fkhf N]tpj;J
fhNkhfhh;\Pj; ke;Au fhh;\Pj; eNkh ek: vd;W $wp
mgpthjp. gz;;zptpl;L
fhiy fpof;Ff;Fs;s ke;jpuj;Jld;> kjpak; tlf;Ff;Fk; - khiy
Nkw;Ff;Fk; cs;s ke;jpuj;Jld; Muk;gpj;J Kbf;fTk;.
fpof;Nf ghh;j;J Xk; g;uhr;ia jpNr ek:
njw;Nf ghh;j;J jf;\pzhia jpNr ek:
Nkw;Nf ghh;j;J g;ujPr;ia jpNr ek:
tlf;Nf ghh;j;J cjPr;ia jpNr ek: gpd; fpof;Nf jpUk;gp
NkNy ghh;j;J Ch;j;tha ek: fPNo ghh;j;J mjuha ek: NkNy
ghh;j;J me;jhpf;\ha ek: G+kp ghh;j;J G+k;ia ek: NeNu
ghh;j;J tp\;zNt ek: j;Naaj;]jh ]tpj;U kz;ly kj;ath;j;jp
ehuhaz rurp[h]e: ]e;eptp\;l: NfA+uthE kfu Fz;lythE
fphPb `hhp `puz;katG: j;Uj rq;fr;rf;u: rq;fr;rf;u fjhghNz
j;thufh epiyah];r;Rjh Nfhtpe;jh Gz;lhPfhf;\h uf;\khk;
ruzhfjk;. eNkh g;u`;kz;a Njtha Nfhg;uh`;kz `pjharh
[fj;`pjha =f;U\;zha Nfhtpe;jha eNkh ek: vd;W 4 juk;
N]tpj;J mgpthjp
[gk; gz;zpd ,lj;jpy; Xk; G+h;Gt];]{t: vd;W g;Nuhf;\
pj;J jiyg;G 1d; gb Mrkdk;.
gfthNet ];tNr\ G+jkpjk; g;uhj]; /khj;ahe;epf / rhak; ]
e;j;ahte;jehf;ak; fh;k ];t];ik ]tg;hPjNa gfthe; ];taNkt
fhhpjthe;
ghf;fp jPh;j;jj;ij Jsrp my;yJ VNjDk; nrbf;fbapy;
fhNae thrh keN] ,e;j;hpiah;th Gj;ah Mj;kehth g;u`;UNj:
];tghthJ fNuhkp aj;aJ ]fyk; gu];ik =ke; ehuhazhNajp
]kh;g;gahkp. vd;W tpl;LtplNtz;baJ.
]h;tk; =f;U\;zhh;gzk];J - mr;Aj: g;hPajhk; - Kbe;jJ.
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