President Ferdinand Edralin Marcos Sr.

(the 10th president of Philippines)

- Ruled the Philippines for 14 years

- His vice president was VP Fernando Lopez (1965-1972)
- Politician
- Lawyer
- Dictator (is a political leader who possesses absolute power)
- Kleptocrat (a ruler who uses political power to steal his or her country’s resources)
- Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
- One of the most controversial leaders of the 20th century, Marcos’ rule was infamous for
its corruption, extravagance, and brutality
- The US Army documents describing his wartime claim as “fraudulent” and “absurd”
- After world war II he became a lawyer then served in the Philippine House of
Representatives from 1949 – 1959 and the Philippine Senate from 1959 - 1965
- In 1965 he presided over an economy that grew during the beginning of his 20-year rule
but would end in the loss of livelihood, extreme poverty, and a crushing debt crisis.
- Marcos placed the Philippines under martial law on September 23, 1972, shortly before
the end of his second term.
- The Constitution was revised, media outlets were silenced, and violence and oppression
were used against the political opposition, Muslims, suspected communists, and
ordinary citizens.
- After being elected for a third term in the 1981 Philippine presidential election, Marcos's
popularity suffered greatly, due to the economic collapse that began in early 1983 and
the public outrage over the assassination of opposition leader Senator Benigno "Ninoy"
Aquino Jr. later that year.
- This discontent, the resulting resurgence of the opposition in the 1984 Philippine
parliamentary election, and the discovery of documents exposing his financial accounts
and false war records led Marcos to call the snap election of 1986. Allegations of mass
cheating, political turmoil, and human rights abuses led to the People Power Revolution
of February 1986, which removed him from power.
- After Corazon Aquino won the presidential elections, Marcos fled with his family to
Hawaii
- According to source documents provided by the Presidential Commission on Good
Government (PCGG), the Marcos family stole US$5 billion–$10 billion from the Central
Bank of the Philippines.

Jabidah Massacre
- The Jabidah massacre on March 18, 1968 was the purported assassinations or
executions of Moro army recruits who allegedly mutinied upon learning the true nature of
their mission. It is acknowledged as a major flashpoint that ignited the Moro insurgency
in the Philippines
- Victims were ranging from 14 - 68
- Happened March 18, 1968
 Second Term
-pinakamadaya, pinakamarumi at pinaka magastos na eleksyon sa kasaysayan ng
Pilipinas

Proclamation 1081, s. 1972

- Article VII, Section 18 of the 1987 Constitution empowers the President of the Republic
to declare martial law for a period not exceeding 60 days in cases of rebellion and
invasion, when public safety requires it.
- 8 years of Martial law (started Sept. 23, 1972 - ended Jan. 17, 1981)
- There are 20 explosions which took place in various locations in Metro Manila

1972 bombing incidents cited in Proclamation No. 1081

March 15 - Arca Building on Taft Avenue, Pasay

April 23 - Filipinas Orient Airways boardroom along Domestic road, Pasay
May 30 - Vietnamese Embassy
June 23 - Court of Industrial Relations
June 24 - Philippine Trust Company branch in Cubao, Quezon City
July 3 - Philam Life building along United Nations Avenue, Manila
July 27 - Tabacalera Cigar & Cigarette Factory compound at Marquez de Comilas, Manila
August 15 - PLDT Exchange office on East Avenue, Quezon City
August 15 - Philippine Sugar Institute building on North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City
August 17 - Department of Social Welfare building at San Rafael Street, Sampaloc, Manila
August 19 - A water main on Aurora Boulevard and Madison Avenue, Quezon City
August 30 - Philam Life Building and nearby Far East Bank and Trust Company Building
August 30 - Building of the Philippine Banking Corporation as well as the buildings of the
Investment Development Inc, and the Daily Star Publications when another explosion took place
on Railroad Street, Port Area, Manila
September 5 - Joe’s Department Store on Carriedo Street, Quiapo, Manila
September 8 - Manila City hall
September 12 - Water mains in San Juan
September 14 - San Miguel building in Makati
September 18 - Quezon City Hall, venue of the 1971 Philippine Constitutional Convention

- 3,257 known extrajudicial killings

- 35,000 documented tortures
- 77 'disappeared'
- 70,000 incarcerations
- The GDP of the Philippines rose during the martial law, rising from $8.0 billion to $32.5
billion in about 8 years (GDP is the measurement of monetary value of final good and
services - that is, those are bought by the final user - produced in a country in a given
period of time.)
- Military forces tortured civilians
- Students from universities who were expected to be one of the leaders in the Philippines
were killed
- Journalists were taken down
-