CORAZON AQUINO

The United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO) was the main political multi-party electoral
alliance of the traditional political opposition during the turbulent last years of Philippine President
Ferdinand Marcos in the mid-1980s. It was formed in January 1980, and was originally known as the
United Democratic Opposition from 1980 to 1982. It was initially a union of eight major and minor
political parties and organizations with the main aim to oust President Marcos through a legal political
process. In April 1982, the coalition received its present name, and increased its members to twelve
parties. Shortly after the assassination of popular opposition senator Benigno Aquino Jr., the party was
led by Senator Salvador Laurel of Batangas. Her political ideology was Socialism. During his presidency
the everyday living of the filipinos was great and have a freedom our country is back from being
democratic Aquino made fighting inflation one of her priorities after the nation suffered from
skyrocketing prices during the last years of the Marcos administration. The last six years of the Marcos
administration recorded an average annual inflation rate of 20.9%, which peaked in 1984 at 50.3%. From
1986 to 1992, the Philippines recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9.2%. During the Aquino
administration, the annual inflation rate peaked at 18.1% in 1991; a stated reason for this increase was
panic buying during the Gulf War.[40][41] Overall, the economy under Aquino had an average growth of
3.8% from 1986 to 1992.As president, Aquino oversaw the drafting of the 1987 Constitution, which
limited the powers of the presidency and re-established the bicameral Congress, successfully removing
the previous dictatorial government structure. Her economic policies focused on forging good economic
standing amongst the international community as well as disestablishing Marcos-era crony capitalist
monopolies, emphasizing the free market and responsible economy. Her administration pursued peace
talks to resolve the Moro conflict, and the result of these talks was creation of the Autonomous Region
in Muslim Mindanao. Aquino was criticized for the Mendiola Massacre, which resulted in the shooting
deaths of at least 12 peaceful protesters by Philippine state security forces. The Philippines faced various
natural calamities in the latter part of Aquino’s administration, such as the 1990 Luzon earthquake and
Tropical Storm Thelma. Several coup attempts were made against her government.
 FERDINAND MARCOS SR.
In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos won the presidential election and became the 10 th president of the
Philippines. His first term was marked with increased industrialization and the construction of
nationwide infrastructure, including the creation of the North Luzon Expressway and the continuation of
the Maharlika Highway (Pan-Philippine Highway). His political idelogy was Fascism. During his
presidency a lot of people suffered because of the law that he sign which is the Martial Law. As martial
law went on for the next nine years, the excesses committed by the military increased. In total, there
were 3,257 extrajudicial killings, 35,000 individual tortures, and 70,000 were incarcerated. It is also
reported that 737 Filipinos disappeared between 1975 and 1985.In the 1970s Marcos took out huge
amounts of foreign currency loans that by the 1980s his regime could not repay. He tried to hide the
dire financial situation by overstating the figures for foreign reserves. By then the economy was in a free
fall: GDP growth dropped 5.3 percent, prices of primary export commodities fell by 50 percent, workers’
wages were reduced, and unemployment hit one-fourth of the labor force. The crisis worsened with the
assassination of Ninoy Aquino in August 1983. As foreign banks withheld their credit facilities, Marcos
declared bankruptcy in October 1983 and sought a 90-day moratorium on principal debt payments. The
World Bank provided bailout loans to avert a default but with painful conditions like cutting the
government budget, peso devaluation, tariff dismantling, and ending subsidies. Marcos had become the
proverbial debt addict wholly dependent on foreign aid.The Freedom from Debt Coalition cited the
proliferation of behest loans with government guaranteeing the procurement of borrowed capital
without complying with banking rules and procedures. The most notorious case was the $2-billion
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, which was completed in 1985. Total repayments, which ended only in
2007, reached $22 billion, with a debt service of $140 million a year, $12 million a month, and $388,000
a day. Marcos, through a crony, was reported to have received an $80-million payoff.
 GUIDE QUESTIONS
 Describe them as individuals
- Cory Aquino’s Presidency has a democracy while Ferdinand Marcos didn’t have but her presidency has a
lot of infrastructure that he established.

 Describe their election

-During the election of Cory Aquino. The People Power Revolution, along with defections from the Armed
Forces of the Philippines and support from the Philippine Catholic Church, successfully ousted Marcos and
secured Aquino’s accession to the presidency on February 25, 1986. Prior to her election as president,
Aquino had not held any elected office.

-Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the 10th president of the Philippines on December
30, 1965, after winning the Philippine presidential election of 1965 against the incumbent president,
Diosdado Macapagal.
 How are they as the President, what is the state of Philippines?
- During the Presidency of Cory Aquino. The state of the philippines was democratic and all the filipino
was saved by the last term that they expirence.

-The presidency of Ferdinand Marcos was the long term of all because of the Martial Law, the state of the
philippines during his term was full of traumas because many people was died and being harrased
because of the Martial Law, But, During his term he was the first president who have many infrastructure
build but his term also have a many debt in other country.

 What are their political ideologies, how do they differ from each other?
-The political idelogy of Cory Aquino was Socialism because there is a democracy and there is a equlity in
his term.

-The political idelogy of Ferdinand Marcos was Fascism because in his term there is a Dictator which is
him. And his term has a violence and his controlling the country.

 How did their political ideologies affect the everyday life of the Filipinos during their regime.
-The term of Cory Aquino affected the filipinos by giving them hope and because there has an equality in
his term there is no poverty and poor in his presidential.
-The term pf Marcos affected the filipinos by giving them a fear because of the Martial Law many filipinos
died during his presidency and many Filipinos has harrased. In his term there was no equality that’s why in
his term there is a poverty and poor people
 Which political ideology do you prefer? Why?
-Socialism, because there is equality and democracy in this idelogies .