THE ECONOMIC

LEGACY OF MARCOS
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr.
01. EARLY LIFE
Who is Ferdinand Edralin Marcos?

02. PRESIDENCY
First term ( 1965-1969)
Second term (1969-1972)

03. MARTIAL LAW AND THE NEW SOCIETY

Legacy

04. DOWNFALL
Exile and death
TABLE OF
CONTENT
FERDINAND
EDRALIN
MARCOS
INTRODUCTION

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos (September 11,

1917 - September 28, 1989) was the President of the
Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer who
served in the Philippine House of Representatives
from 1949 to 1959 and the Philippine Senate from
1959 to 1965. As Philippine president and
strongman, Marcos oversaw his country's postwar
reconstruction. Initially, his intentions were noble: to
improve the economy, increase agricultural
productivity, and dismantle the oligarchy that had
dominated the country. His greatest
accomplishments were in infrastructure
development, protecting the country from
communism, and international relations.
EARLY LIFE

Ferdinand Marcos was born on

September 11, 1917 in Sarrat, a
small town in Ilocos Norte.
Named by his parents,
Mariano Marcos and Josefa
Edralin, after Ferdinand VII of
Spain, Ferdinand Edralin
Marcos was a champion
debater, boxer, swimmer and
wrestler while in the University
of the Philippines.
EARLY LIFE

As a young law student of the University of the Philippines, Marcos

was indicted and convicted of murder (of Julio Nalundasan, the man
who twice defeated his father for a National Assembly seat). While in
detention, he reviewed and topped the 1938 Bar examinations with
one of the highest scores in history. He appealed his conviction and
argued his case before the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
Impressed by his brilliant legal defense, the Supreme Court
unanimously acquitted him.
PRESIDENCY FIRST
TERM (1965-1969)
FIRST TERM OF MARCOS
First term (1965-1969)

First inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos held at the Quirino

Grandstand, Manila, December 30, 1965.
Marcos defeated Macapagal and was sworn in as the sixth President of
the Republic on December 30, 1965.
In his first State of the Nation Address (SONA), President Marcos revealed
his plans for economic development and good government. President
Marcos wanted the immediate construction of roads, bridges and public
works which includes 16,000 kilometers of feeder roads, some 30,000
lineal meters of permanent bridges, a generator with an electric power
capacity of on million kilowatts (1,000,000 kW), water services to eight
regions and 38 localities.

It was during his first term that the North Diversion Road (now, North
Luzon Expressway) (initially from Balintawak to Tabang, Guiguinto,
Bulacan) was constructed with the help of the AFP engineering
construction battalion.
PRESIDENCY:SECOND
TERM (1969-1972)
SECOND TERM OF MARCOS

In 1969, President Marcos

was reelected for an
unprecedented second term
because of his impressive
performance or, as his
critics claimed, because of
massive vote-buying and
electoral frauds.
MARTIAL LAW AND
THE NEW SOCIETY
PROCLAMATION OF
MARTIAL LAW
On September 21, 1972 President Marcos issued Presidential
Proclamation No. 1081 placing the entire country under martial law
but it was announced only two days later. In proclaiming martial law,
President Marcos assured the public that “the proclamation of
martial law is not a military takeover” and that civilian government
still functions.
PROCLAMATION OF
MARTIAL LAW
INITIAL MEASURES
In his first address to the nation after issuing Proclamation No. 1081,
President Marcos said that martial law has two objectives: (1) to save
the republic, and (2) to “reform the social, economic and political
institutions in our country.”
THE 1973
CONSTITUTION
The 1973 Constitution – On March 16, 1967, the Philippine Congress
passed Resolution No. 2 calling for a Constitutional Convention to
change the Constitution. Election of the delegates to the Convention
were held on November 20, 1970 pursuant to Republic Act No. 6132,
otherwise known as the “1970 Constitutional Convention Act.”

The Constitutional Convention formally began on June 1, 1971. Former

President Carlos P. Garcia, a delegate from Bohol, was elected
President. Unfortunately he died on June 14, 1971 and was succeeded
by another former President, Diosadado Macapagal of Pampanga.
1976 AMENDMENTS TO
THE CONSTITUTION
On October 16-17, 1976 majority of barangay voters (Citizen
Assemblies) approved that martial law should be continued and
ratified the amendments to the Constitution proposed by President
Marcos.

The 1976 Amendments were: an Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP)

substituting for the Interim National Assembly, the President would
also become the Prime Minister and he would continue to exercise
legislative powers until martial law should have been lifted. The Sixth
Amendment authorized the President to legislate:
THE BATASANG
BAYAN
THE BATASANG BAYAN
The Interim Batasang Pambansa was not immediately convened.
Instead, President Marcos created the Batasang Bayan through
Presidential Decree No. 995 on September 21, 1976.

The Batasang Bayan is a 128-member legislature that advised the

President on important legislature measures it served as the
transitory legislature until convening of the Interim Batasang
Pambansa in 1978.

The Batasang Bayan was one of two temporary legislative bodies

before the convening of the Regular Batasang Pambansa in 1984.
 FIRST NATIONAL
ELECTION UNDER
MARTIAL LAW
FIRST NATIONAL ELECTION
UNDER MARTIAL LAW
On April 7, 1978, the first national election under martial law was held.
The election for 165- members of the Interim Batasang Pambansa
resulted to the massive victory of the administration coalition party,
the “Kilusang Bagong Lipunan ng Nagkakaisang Nacionalista, Liberal,
at iba pa” or KBL.
 LEGACY
Ferdinand E. Marcos was the Philippine president from 1966 to 1986, a period
exceeding twenty years. After serving as a two‐term president of the Philippines
from 1966‐1972,
BASIC he declared martial law under the constitution to assume
dictatorial powers to tame the political chaos that was then engulfing the nation. In
1981, he ended the martial law period. The political framework that he adopted was
patterned after the 1973 Constitution with amendments introduced and accepted
by popular referendum concerning an elected parliament. He was driven from
power in 1986. This paper reviews the economic and social contributions that his
years in office brought to the country. During his period of rule, there were major
reforms in government organization, in the provision of public infrastructure, and in
social and economic development.
 DOWNFALL
During these years, his regime was marred by rampant corruption and political
mismanagement by his relatives and cronies, which culminated with the
BASIC of Benigno Aquino, Jr. Critics considered Marcos as the
assassination
quintessential kleptocrat, having looted billions of dollars from the Filipino treasury.
Much of the lost sum has yet to be accounted for, but recent documents have
revealed that it was actually Fidel Ramos who had diverted the money (source
required to substantiate this). He was also a notorious nepotist, appointing family
members and close friends to high positions in his cabinet. This practice led to
even more widespread mishandling of government, especially during the 1980s
when Marcos was mortally ill with lupus and was in and out of office.
 DEATH
Marcos died in Honolulu on September 28, 1989 of kidney, heart, and lung ailments.
The Aquino government refused to allow Marcos's body to be brought back to the
Philippines. He was interred in a private mausoleum at Byodo-In Temple on the
BASIC
island of Oahu, visited daily by the Marcos family, political allies, and friends. The
body was only brought back to the Philippines four years after Marcos's death,
during the term of President Fidel Ramos. From 1993 to 2016, his remains were
interred inside a refrigerated crypt in Ilocos Norte, where his son, Ferdinand Marcos,
Jr. ("Bongbong"), and eldest daughter, Maria Imelda Marcos ("Imee"), became the
local governor and representative respectively. On November 18, 2016, the remains
of Marcos were buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (Cemetery of (the) Heroes), a
national cemetery in Manila, despite opposition from various groups. In 2021,
Bongbong Marcos announced that he would run for president of the Philippines in
the 2022 election.
THANK YOU
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