41

26
.15

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26
.15

2
 .

3
 :

)
(



)(
.


.


)
:
(
.

5
 1999/11/24 : -

---------------------------------:
:
= 30 + 0.05 + 2 +4
= 30 = 25 = 5000 :
:
:
-1
-2
-3 5 6
-4
7400
---------------------------------:
:

= 20 2 = 4+2

:
-1
-2
-3
----------------------------------------

6
 --------------------------------:
= 10 . . :
= 10 = 28 :
- 4000
---------------------------------:
:
= 4850 5 + 1.5 + 0.1

:
-1
-2
= 100 = 200 = 10000 :

----------------------------------------

7
 1999/11/24 : -

---------------------------------:
-1 :
) (
:
= 30 + 0.05 + 2 + 4
= 30 )+ 0.05(5000) + 2(25) + 4(30
= 30 + 420

18
0 14
420 0
14

0 18
540 0

420 540

-2
:
.
-3 5 6

8
 270 240 5
6 .
-4 5000 7400

) : (
= 30 + 0.05 + 2 + 4
)= 30 + 0.05(7400) + 2(25) + 4(30
= 30 + 540
---------------------------------:
-1 :
:
20 2 = 4 + 2
20 4 = 2 + 2
16 = 4 = 4
) ( :
)20 2(4 = 12
-2 :
) (
- :

= . ] (4 + 2 )dQ = 12.4 [4Q + Q

] )= 48 [4(4) + (4) ] [4(0) + (0

= 16

9
 - :

= ) (20 2 . = [20 ] 12.4

= [20(4) (4) ] [20(0) + (0) ] 48
= 16
) ( :
) . (
(. )
= = 16 - : .
(. )
= = 16 - : .
-3

20

12

4 10

--------------------------------:
:
= : . :
: .
= . + .
: .
10
 . .
10 10
. . = = = 2.5
28 7 28
:
4000 = . 10 + (2.5 ). 28 = 50
= 2.5 )= 2.5(50 = 125
:
. .
)= 10(125 )(50 = 434.24
---------------------------------:
: -1
10000
= = 0.1 = 0.2
5000
) (
) ( 0.2 .
-2 ) ( :

=

)])= (1.5)(100[4850 5(200) + 1.5(100) + 0.1(10000
)= (1.5)(1005000
= 0.03
) (
) ( 0.03 .
-----------------------------------------

11
 2009/10/14 : -
-
---------------------------------:
= :
.
= 10 = 4 :
:
-1
.
-2
.
---------------------------------:
=2 +4 :
.
:
-1 .
-2
-3
%20

:
= 300 , = 10 , = 16

12
 --------------------------------:


.
-
:
.
.
.
.
-----------------------------------------

13
2009/10/14 : -
-

---------------------------------:
-1 :

= =4 =2
4
= 4 + 10 :
:

4 2 2
= = = =
10 5 5
:

=2 =2 = . 1

= 4 + 10 4 + 10 = 8 . 2

1 2:

=8 = :

:
= = : -

= =
: -

14
 .
-2
:
= = :
1 : .
= . = . =
: .
1
= . = . = :.
= . .
=
= . .

.
---------------------------------:
: -1
=2 +4 , = +
:

=2 +4 + ( )
=0 2 =0 =
=0 2 +4 =0 =
=0 =0

15
 2 2 +4
= = +

:
= + + = :
:
2 +2
= + =
2 2

-2

) ( = . :
= + :

-3 :
= =
( )
= 14 - :
( )
+2 )300 + 2(10
= = = 10
2 )2(16
=2 )+ 4 2(14)(10) + 4(10 = 320
%20 -
:
) 2(1.2 ) 300 2(1.2 10
= = = 11.5
) 2(1.2 )2(1.2 10

16
 )+ 2(1.2 ) 300 + 2(1.2 10
= = = 10.125
) 2(1.2 )2(1.2 16
)= 2(11.5) + 4(10.125 = 273.375
- :
(0.8) 2 )(0.8)300 2(10
= = = 11
2 )2(10
(0.8) + 2 )(0.8)300 + 2(10
= = = 8.125
2 )2( 16
)= 2(11) + 4(8.125 = 211.25

:


.

= 320 = 10 = 14
= 273.375 = 10.125 = 11.5
= 211.25 = 8.125 = 11

.
--------------------------------:

:

17
 -1 :

.

>

.
.

.
-2 :

.


)(.
>


.

18
 -3 :

.

>


.
.
.

-4 :

) )
.(..... .(.....
.


.

) .(.....
----------------------------------------

19
 2001/2000 : -

---------------------------------:
.
15
--------------------------------- :

:

: .
500
:
- 40 250.
- 35 350.
:
-1
-2
-3 30
80 .
----------------------------------------

20
 2001/2000 : -

---------------------------------:



:
-1



.
-2


.
-3
.
---------------------------------:
-1 :
:

21
= 250 1
= 350 . 2
1 2 2 1:
40 35
= 350 250 = 100 5 = 140000
35 40 1400
= 28000
:
28000
= 250 = 450
40
-2
:
28000
= 450
500
= 500 450 = 29.47 :
-3 30 :
28000
= 450 = 483.33
30
:
483.33
100% = 96.6%
500

%80 . %96.6
-----------------------------------------

22
 2006/10/30 : -
-

---------------------------------:
:
A B i i
C i
i
... ... ...
... ... ...
= = .
---------------------------------:
= :
=8 = 2 :
. = 500 :
:
-1
-2
-------------------------------- :

200 100
:

23
 = 2 + 15
= + 10

= :
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 4
= 120 + 1000 -4 :
- .
- .
-5
1500.

----------------------------------------

24
 2006/10/30 : -
-

---------------------------------:
:
i i
i
i


: = =
.
--------------------------------:
-1 :
= 8 + 2 + 500 :
: :
1
8 8
= 3 = = =4
1 2 2
3
:
= 8 + 2 + 500 = 8 + 2(2 ) + 500

= 16 + 500 1

25
 :

= ) = (4 =4

= 2

2 1:

= 16 + 500 = 16 + 500
2

=8 + 500
-2
)
(.
= = 12
:
500
= 12 =8 +
: .
= 125 :
1.5 log = log 125
1.5 log = 2.0969 log = 1.3979 = 25

: 1.3979
. log 2ndf

= 60 :

26
 :
> 60 : = 12
60 : =0

--------------------------------:
-1 :
4
+ (2P + 15)200 + P + 10 100
5
= 480 + 4000
-2 :
= = = :
= . = . :
-3 4 :
= 480 + 4000 = . = 130

-4 = 120 + 1000 :
- :
= 480 + 4000 = 120 + 1000 =5
= 5 :
- :
:
= (2P + 15)200 = 400 + 3000

27
 = 400(5) + 3000 = 1000
:
4
= P + 10 100 = 80 + 1000
5
= 80(5) + 1000 = 600
-5
1500
:
= 480 + 4000 1500 = 480 + 4000
5.2

:
= 120( ) + 1000 = 120 120 + 1000
= 5.2 = 1500
:
(1500) = 120(5.2) 120 + 1000 1.03
-----------------------------------------

28
 : 2005
-

-------------------------------------:
100 .
:
= 40 +
= 2000 100 :
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .

:
-6 .
-7 .
-8 .
-9 .
-----------------------------------------

29
 : 2005

-------------------------------- :
= =2 -1 :
-2 :
- :
=2 = = 100 = 50
- :
= 2000 100 = 50 = 13.33
= 6.66 :
-3 :

) (. = 13.33 :
-4 :
= 50 )= 50(13.33 = 666.66
-5 .
= = (13.33 ) (40 + )
= + 13.33 40

) ( = 6.66 :
= (6.66) + 13.33(6.66) 40 = 4.44

30
 )(:

- - - -
= 50
=2

13.33

6.66 666.66

-6 :

) (
) (:
40
= = = +
40
=01 =0 = 6.32

= 12.64 :
-7 :
= 12.64

31
)
( :
= 2000 100(12.64) = 736


= = 7.36 :
-8
. = 12.64 :
-9 :
)= 2000 100(12.64 = 736
= /
= : 6.32 / 735.08
117.
)(:

- - - -

12.64

6.32 736
-----------------------------------------

32
 2004/10/13 : 20 -1955-

------------------------------------- :
:
- 52000 :
- 0.05 + 30 :
- 180 0.05 :
) (
: :
-1 ( ) :

( -2 ) :

-3 ( ) :

-4 ( ) :

:
:
: ) ( :
) ( = 0.10 + 150 52000
: ) (
.
:
.
----------------------------------------

33
 2004/10/13 : 20 -1955-

--------------------------------- :
: :
) ( = + : ( ) : -1
= 0.05 + 30 + 52000
) (
-2
=
) (
) ( :
52000
= 0.05 + 30 +

=
) (
= 0.1 + 30
: ) ( -3 :
) (

) ( = . = (180 0.05 ). : ) ( -4
= 0.05 + 180
) ( = 0.05 + 30 + 52000 :
) (
+ 0 :

lim ) ( = lim 0.05 = + :

) (:
) (
=0 ) ( = 0 0.1 + 30 = 0

) (-300
) (.

34
 :

+ 0

+
) (

) ( = 52000

: ) ( :

) (

162000

52000

0
543.85 956.15 1800 3600

) (

) ( = 0.05 + 180 :
:

+ 0 :
:
lim ) ( = lim 0.05 =

35
 ) (:
) (
= 0 0.1 + 180 = 0 = 1800
( ) = 162000

1800 0

) (

1800 0

+
( )
) (
162000

:
) ( = 0 0.05 + 180 = 0 = 3600
:
) ( = ) ( = 543.85 = 956.15
) ( .
: :
) ( = 0.10 + 150 52000

36
 .
) ( ) ( = ( )
)= (0.05 + 180 ) (0.05 + 30 + 52000
= 0.05 + 180 0.05 30 52000
) ( = 0.10 + 150 52000
:
.
) ( ) ( =
0.05 + 180 = 0.05 + 30 + 52000
01 + 150 52000 = 0
= (150) 4(0.1)(52000) = 1700
+ 150 + 41.23
= = = 543.85
2 0.2
150 41.23
= = = 956.15
2 0.2
= 543.85 .
= 543.85
.
:
:
) (
= 0 0.2 + 150 = 0 = 750

:
) ( = 0.10(750) + 150(750) 52000 = 4250
-----------------------------------------

37
 : 2004 05 1945-

---------------------------------:
) (
.
( ) = 4900 :
:
1
=) ( + 20
20
-1 ) (
-2

= 2 -3 :
--------------------------------- :
= 10 = 2
= 1000.
-
-------------------------------- :

:
= .

38
 :
-1 :

+ >1 + <1 + =1

+ = 2 -2
2
-3 :
- 0.5
- .
-----------------------------------------

39
 : 2004 05 1945-

---------------------------------:
-1 ) (

.
1
=) ( + 20
20
) ( 1
=) ( = + 20
20
) ( 1
=0 1 =0 = 10
10
:
=) ( (10) (10) + 20 = 15

15 ) (
)( :
)(15) = 4900 60(15 = 4000
= 400.
)(
) 400( )(.

40
 -2

) ) (
(:

- - -

CML

15
15- D

10 4000 4000+60

15
:
( ) = 4900 60(15 ) = 4000 + 60
) (.

) (
:
4000 + 60
= 1 100% 100%
4000 4000

41
 -3 2 = : :
)(2
= 100% 100% = 0.05%
4000 4000

1 .0409 4885 = 5085

2
5085.

---------------------------------:
:
10
= = 2 = 200
2 1000 2
= +400
:
= + ( ) = 1000 + (+400) = 1400
--------------------------------:
-1 : :
: + = 1
.
: + > 1
.
: + < 1
.

42
 -2 + = 2
2 :

= . ) = (2 ) . (2

= 2 .2

= 2 .

= 2 . = .4
4.
= . : -3

.. = 0.5 :
:
( , =) =
+ = 2 0.5 + =2 = 1.5 :
-----------------------------------------

43
 2006/11/05 : -

-

---------------------------------:
-1 )(
) . :
5(.
-2
= 1+ :
: .
--------------------------------- :
60 80.
:
= 20 + 164
:
. 4 : =3 + 24
:
-
-----------------------------------------

44
 2006/11/05 :

-

---------------------------------:
- )( :

.

)(
.



.
.

- :



.
-2
= 1+ :
: .

45
 =
) ( . :
=

= + :

= + : = 1 :

= 1+ .
: . = :
1
= 1+
)( :
= 1+
1 : =

:
= 1

= 1+
.

--------------------------------- :
-1 :
:
1
= 20 + 164 = + 8.2
20

46
 1
= 80 + 8.2 = 4 + 656
20
:
1
= = = 6 + 24 4
6
1
= 60 4 = 10 240
6
:
= 4 + 656 = 10 240 = 64
-2 :
= 149.33 = 6 + 24 = 20.88
-----------------------------------------

47
 1999/11/22 : -
-

-------------------------------------:
:
)
. (

) (
.
- ) (

-----------------------------------------

48
 1999/11/22 : -
-

---------------------------------:

A
:

B

)
0 C 0 ( 0

.

.


.

.

-----------------------------------------

49
 : 2004 -
-

---------------------------------:
= 20 0.5 :
= =
:
= 0.04 1.94 + 32.96
:
-
.
--------------------------------- :

18 12
.
:
= -1 :

.
-2 .
-3 .
-----------------------------------------

50
 : 2004 -
-

---------------------------------:
-1 -
:
.
=
=( . )
= (20 0.5 ) (0.04 1.94 )+ 32.96
= 0.04 + 1.44 + 32.96
= 0 0.12 + 2.88 12.96 = 0

= 4 = (2.88) 4(0.12)(12.96) = 2.0736

2.88 1.44
= = = 18
2 0.24
+ 2.88 + 1.44
= = =6
2 0.24
:
= 18 ( ( = )= 198 )= 198 :
=6 ( ( < )= 102 )= 136.56 :

= 18 :
= 11 : = 0 :
. )= 20 0.5(18

51
 -2 : :

.. <


.. >


= 18 < 1 < 0.44


=6 > 1 > 2.44

.
--------------------------------- :
-1 : :
3
= + = 18 + 12 = +
2 12
:
) ( + =
:
= - :
( : ) - :
:
= =2 = 3 :

52

.
: -2

3 6 2 :
+ = = 72
2 12 :
-3 :

0 4
6 0 72 = 18 + 12 :

6
4
=
3

2 4

-----------------------------------------

53
 2008/2007 : -
-

---------------------------------:
:
= 100 3 +5 + 0.2
= 60 + 3

: : :
. = 150 = 4 :
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
--------------------------------- :

:
= 52 . + 12 .

= 54 2 :
:
-1
-2 40

54
 -------------------------------- :
= 5 + 10 :
= 15 :
:
-1 .
-2
-3
.
.
--------------------------------- :
= 10 .
:
: .
:
-1 = 10 :
-2 ) ( , ) = (1,1
.
-3 , .
.
-4 .
----------------------------------------

55
 2008/2007 : -
-

---------------------------------:
-1 :
:
= 60 + 3 = 100 3 +5 + 0.2
: = 150 = 4 :
= 150 3 = 60 + 3
:
= 15 et = 105
-2 :
:

= )= (3 = 0.429

-3 :
:

= 150 3 3 = 150
= 50
3
= :
= 50 = 50
3 3

56
 = = 50 :
---------------------------------:
-1 :

)
(.

5 1
= = +
2 2
) : (

= 0 1 + =0 =1

.
:
5 1
= ) (1) + (1 =2
2 2
= :
= 2 :

-2 :
= 54 2(2) = 50
= 1: = 50

57
 40 40
50
10.
--------------------------------:
-1 :
= :

= 15 = 150 10 :
10
= . ) = (150 10 = 150 10

= = 150 20

= = 10 :
= 150 20 = 10 =5
-2 :
)= 150 10 150 10(5 = 100
-3
:
= = 150 10
= :
150 10 = 10 = 7.5
)= 150 10 150 10(7.5 = 75 :

58
 --------------------------------:
-1 = 10 : 10 = 10 . :
10.
-2 ( , ) = (1,1) :

= 10 = 10 1=1

= =1 :
:
, . -3

= 10 .

= = 2.5 2.5(1) (1) = 2.5

= = 2.5 ) 2.5(1) (1 = 2.5

.
) = ( ,

=0 + =0

. + . =0

= =

59
 -4 :
- :

2.5 1
= = =
10 . 4

2.5 1
= = =
10 . 4
= + = = + :
. < 1 :
- :
( , =)

( , ) () = 10 ( . ) = 10 .

=
= : .
----------------------------------------

60
 .......... : -
-

---------------------------------:

--------------------------------- :
X Y
Z :
(= 20 2 ) + 0.3 + 5 3
-1 X
( , , -2 , ) = (2, 3, 1, 10) :
: -3
( , ), ) = ( 3, 1, 10
: -4
( , ), ) = ( 3, 1, 10
-5 3 2
.
. -6
-------------------------------- :
:
= 0.12 2 + 11

61
 :
= 0.3 + 32 :
= 0.2 + 20 :
-

-----------------------------------------

62
 .......... : -
-

---------------------------------:
:


)
(... )(
) (...


.
--------------------------------- :
(= 20 2 ) + 0.3 + 5 3
-1 : X
:
) ( :
5( . ):
) ( :
3( . ):

63
 ) ( :
)(.
0.3( ): -
.
:( , , -2 , ) = (2, 3, 1, 10) :
(= 20 2 ) + 0.3 + 5 3
)= 20 2(2) + 0.3(10) + 5(3) 3(1
= 27
: -3
( , ), ) = ( 3, 1, 10
) (
(= 20 2 )) + 0.3(10) + 5(3) 3(1
(= 35 2 )
.
)= 35 2(0 = 35
( , , ) = ( 3, 1, 10) : -4
(= 35 2 ) :
:2 -5
(= 20 2 )) + 0.3(10) + 5(2) 3(1
(= 30 2 )

64
 : -6

4.18
3.87
0 27 35
4.18 2 0
2

\ 0 22 30
3.87 2 0
22 27 30 35

3 2
.
-------------------------------- :
- :
.
= (0.3 + 32) + (0.2 )+ 20 = 0.5 + 52
= 2 + 104
= 2 + 104 = 4 + 104
= = (2 + 104 ) (0.12 ) 2 + 11
= 2.12 + 106 11
:

= 0 4.24 + 106 = 0 = 25

:
= 2.12(25) + 106(25) 11 = 1314

65
 - :
= 0.3 + 32 = 3.33 + 106.66
= 0.2 + 20 = 5 + 100

= 3.33 + 106.66 :
= 6.66 + 106.66

= 5 + 100 :
= 10 + 100
) (:
= 0.24 + 100
= :
6.66 + 106.66 = 0.24 + 100 = 15.74
10 + 100 = 0.24 + 100 = 9.96
:
= + = 15.74 + 9.96 = 25.7
= 3.33(15.74) + 106.66 = 54.25 :
= 5(9.96) + 100 = 50.2 :
:
= 853.9
= + = 1353.9
= 500
:
= = 1353.9 38.85 = 1315.04
= 0.12(25.7) 2(25.7) + 11 = 38.85
-----------------------------------------

66
 2001/10/28 : -
-

---------------------------------:
:
-1
.
-2 :
.
---------------------------------:
:
. . .
= 24
: : :
: . :
-
.
-------------------------------- :
:
=X .

:
.

67
 . -1
-2 .
: = 200 :
: = 10 : = 5
. = = 0.5
-1 .
-2 .
----------------------------------------

68
 2001/10/28 : -
-

---------------------------------:
-1
:

( : )
( : )

) ( .
:
( )

=

) (
.
-2 :
:
:

) (.
69
 :

)...(.
---------------------------------:
= 24 . . .
:
:
. . .
= = 30 . . . . = 1.25

(. )> 0 : -
(. )> 1 : -

:
=

. . .
= 4.8 . . . . = 0.8

(. )> 0 : -
-------------------------------- :
:
.
-1 :

.

70
 =X . - :
= + - :
=X . + ( ) :

( ) ( )
=0 =0
=
( )
=0 =0 ( )
=0 =0 =

:
= =

:
= 1

= 2

-2 :

) (
:
(. )> 0
%
=

=
%
=1

71

(. ( )> 0 )= 1

: = 200 :
= = 0.5 : = 10 : =5

-1 :
)(0.5)(200
= = = 20
+ )(0.5)(5) + (0.5)(5
)(0.5)(200
= = = 10
+ )(0.5)(10) + (0.5)(10

:
. .
=X . ) (20 ). (10 = 7.63
-2 :
:
= X0.5 . 0.5
+ (200 5 10 )
. .
=0 0.5 5 = 0
. .
= 0 0.5 10 = 0
=0 200 5 10 = 0

) (> 0
.

72

X
=
X

X
. . . .
0.25 0.25 5
. .
= 0.25 0.25 . .
10
5 10 0
:
. . . . . .
= 25 + 25 + 6.25
. . . .
)= 25(20 )(10 )+ 25(20 )(10 )+ 6.25(20) . (10 .

3.53

( = 20 , = 3.53 > 0 : )= 10
.

:
20 10
.

----------------------------------------

73
 ........... : -
-

---------------------------------:
"" "" .
. ""
.
-1
.
-2 .
-3 .
-4
.
-5
.
-6 ""
.
--------------------------------- :
) ( ) (
= 20 ) ( + 12 0.5 :

74
 4000 2000
28000.
-1

-2
-------------------------------- :
= :
, .
:
: %10 : -1
-
- ,
-2 :
-

-
-3 = 1
= 0.5 4
----------------------------------------

75
 ..............: -
-

---------------------------------:
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3 .
-4
.
-5
.
-6 ""
.
--------------------------------- :
:
= 20 + 12 ) + (28000 4000 2000
=0 20 2 4000 = 0 =
= 0 12 4 2000 = 0
12
=
=0 28000 4000 2000 = 0 2000

76
 20 2 12 8000 4000
= = = 2
4000 2000 4000
:
28000 = 4000 + 2000
28000 = 4000( 2) + 2000
36000 = 6000
=6 =4
4
6 .
-------------------------------- :

.
----------------------------------------

77
 .......... : -

---------------------------------:

:
= 100 + 10 = 600 15

-1
:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20 27 32 39 52 72 96 126 160

-2
-3

-4

-
- .
---------------------------------:
""
. :

78
 = 159 - :
= 36 + - :
-1 .
-2

-3
-4
----------------------------------------------

79
 ............ : -

---------------------------------:
-1 :
= 600 15 = 100 + 10 = 20
= 300 :

-2 :

- -20 0 20 - 20 0
27 -7 20 20 7 27 1
16 8 40 20 5 32 2
13 21 60 20 7 39 3
13 28 80 20 13 52 4
14.4 28 100 20 20 72 5
16 24 120 20 24 96 6
18 14 140 20 30 126 7
20 0 160 20 34 160 8
( = )( 5 )
28 ) (.
-3 5
300
60. :

80
 -4

) ( 13 .

- ) 13 (
= 4 : . = 13
- :
= 600 15(13) = 405
:
405 300
41
4 5
) (.
)(:

- - - -

Cm S
CA
Rm=P
20

13 D

4 5 300 405

81
 ---------------------------------:
-1 :
= :

= = 2 + 159

= = 2 + 36

= 2 + 159 = 2 + 36 = 30.75
:
)= 159 (30.75 = 128.25

-2 1
:
1 :
= + = 2 + 37
:
= 2 + 37 = 2 + 159 = 30.5
:
)= 159 (30.5 = 128.5

-3 ) : (
- :

= 128.5 128.25 = 0.25

82
 - : .

( ) = 2 0.25 = 1.75
-4 :
= :
: :
= + 1 = 37 +
: :
=
= (2 + ) (37 + )
= 3 + 122
: :

= 0 6 + 122 = 0 = 20.33
:
= 3(20.33) + 122(20.33) 1240.33
----------------------------------------------

83
 2005/2004 : -

---------------------------------:
2000 10000
:
2000 3000 . 2003
11000
4000 : 3200
.
-
-
--------------------------------- :

: ) ( ) (
) ( .
.

200 .

5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 1 3 6 10

0.25 0.75 2 3 4 - TMST

84
 = 600
. = 300
:
-1 200

-2 200
= 9000
-3 200
-------------------------------- :
:
= 2 10 + 5 : = 12 + 10
:
-1
-2
-3

----------------------------------------

85
 2005/2004 : -

---------------------------------:
-

.
:

= = .

)(11000 10000
= = 0.1 :
10000
)( : )(
)(4000 2000
= =1
2000
)(3200 3000
= = 0.0666
3000
:
1
= = = 10
0.1
0.0666 2
= = =
0.1 3
- :
( ) 10= 10 > 1 :
):
> .(1 = 23 > 0

86
 --------------------------------- :
-1 200
: :


+ TMST

19.5 3900 1 3000 3000 0 10 0 1

16.5 3300 4 2400 1800 600 6 1 2
15 3000 3 2100 900 1200 3 2 3
15 3000 2 2100 300 1800 1 3 4
18 3600 0.75 2700 300 2400 1 4 5
19.5 3900 0.25 3000 0 3000 0 5 6

3) 4 ((13)(32) :
2100
2 3 TMST


.
-2 200
= 9000 :
: .
= - = 2 :

87
 (13) 4 - :
. 2
3000
) (.

-3 200 :
200 3000
15 ) (.

-------------------------------- :
-1 :
= :
1
+ 10
= = 2 = + 10

= = 4 10
= + 10 = 4 10 =4
4 .
-2 :
= + 10 :
= 4 10
: = 4
1 1
= + 10 = (4) + 10 =8
2 2

88
 8 .
-4 :
:
= . =
1
= + 10 = 4 10 = 4.44
2
:
1 1
= + 10 = (4.44) + 10 = 7.77
2 2
4.44 7.77 .
----------------------------------------

89
 2005/11/10 : -
-

---------------------------------:

%10 %10
.
100.
10
. )(0.5
)(2

:

--------------------------------- :
= 50 .
:

.
.
:
-1
-2

90
 -------------------------------- :


:
(= 100 0.5 + )

. : :
. :
:
: :

= 0.5 =5
:
-1
""
-2


----------------------------------------

91
 2005/11/10 : -
-

---------------------------------:

:
: %10
- %10
10 11
100 95 :


= = 0.5 = 5%
+10%
100 100(5%) = 95

-
%10 10 11
100 80 :

= = 2 = 20%
+10%
100 100(20%) = 80
:
) (
95 80

92
 ) 95 < 80
( 95 )95 :
1 ( 80 ) 80 : 1
(.

--------------------------------- :
-1 :
: )(
) (
) ( . :
- ) ( 1
:
. .
= 50 = 50
.
)= 50(1
.
= 50
- :
.
20
) ( = = 20 = .

+ 0 ) :
( .
.

93
 -2
:
- : ) (

. .
-
( ( ) )
. .

-- --

-------------------------------- :
-1
"" :

.
= 100 ( 0.5 + )5 :
94
 = 100 ( 0.5 + ) 0.5 :
:

= 0 100 0.5 5=0

= 0 100 0.5 =0

:
= 95 0.5
= 50 0.25
: :
:
= 100 0.5 0.5 (50 0.25 ) 5
:
3
= 0 70 =0 = 93.33 = 26.66
4
= 3266.66 = 155.55
: :
:
= 100 0.5 ) 0.5 (50 0.5
:
3
= 0 52.5 =0 = 35 = 77.5
4
= 918.75 = 3003.125
.

95
93.33 : -
35 :.
:
= 2877.77 , = 641.7 = 3519.47
-2
:
:
(= 100 + () 0.5 + )5 0.5
:
= 0 95 =0 + = 95

= 0 100 2 =0 +2 = 100

= 90 =5 :
= 100 0.5(90 + 5) = 52.5 :
1
= = . 5
2
= (52.5)(95) 5(90) (5) = 4525

:
= 52.5(90) 5(90) = 4275
= 52.5(5) 0.5(5) = 250

.
-----------------------------------------

96
 2008/10/16 : -
-

---------------------------------:
= 10 :
. 10 0
: 6 8
---------------------------------:

)
(
-------------------------------- :

= 198 200 :
1
.
0 : = :
) (
.
:
-1

97
 -2

-3
.
-4

----------------------------------------

98
2008/10/16 : -
-

---------------------------------:
=

) = (10 .
1
= 10 ) 6. (4
2
1 1
)= 10(6) (6) 10(0) (0 ) 6. (4
2 2
= 60 18 24 = 18
= 18

) = (10 .
1
= 10 ) 8. (4
2
1 1
)= 10(8) (8 ) 10(0) (0 ) 8. (2
2 2
= 80 32 16
= 32
:
- :
= 32 18 = 14

- : .

99
 10 ) 6 (

) 8 (

4

2

6 8 10

---------------------------------:

:
) ( > -1
) (.
) ( = -2
) (.
) > > -3
( ) (.
) = -4
( ) (.

100
 :

:2 . :1 .

= =

:4 . :3.

= =

--------------------------------:
-1 :
:
= 198 200 = 0.99
200
:

= . = 0.99 . = + 0.99
200 200

101
 :
2402
= = + 0.99
200 100 100
: .
2
=0 +1 =0 = 100
200
= :
:

= + 0.99 = 0.49
200
= . = 100(0.49) = 49
=
2402 100
= = 23.02
100 100

= 49 23.02 = 25.98 :
:
:
2
=<0 <0
200

-2
= 0.49
0.49 0.49

102
 0.49
.
-3 )(




.
-4


.
-----------------------------------------

103
 : 2003

-------------------------------------:
8./
) / (
:
( )=3 +2 +1
) ( .
:
-1 :
- .
- .
. -
. -
-2
-3 .
-4
) ( .
-5
.
-6 ) (3 ) (4 .
-----------------------------------------

104
 : 2003

-------------------------------- :
( )=3 +2 +1
-1 :
1
= = 3 +2+ . -

= =6 +2 . -
1 . -
= =

= =3 +2
. -

-2 :
= 8 =6 +2 =1
-3 :

= :
1
=0 3 =0 = 0.577
= 5.46 :
-4 :
:
. =

105
 =3 +2 = =3 +2

=0 =2

2 .
-5
.
=
:

= 2(3 +2 )+1 =6 +4 +1


= = 12 + 4

=
8 = 12 + 4 = :
-6 ) (3 ) (4 .
) ( ) (
) (
).(3
) (
( )
( )
).(4
-----------------------------------------

106
 2008/10/28 : : -

-------------------------------- :
:

= 95 = 100 +

:
$ 20 . .
- $ 25 P

-
---------------------------------:
1 = ( 1) .: :
< 1 : =0 .

: " :
".
:
-1 = 1 :
.

107
 -2 w
= 1
= 2 = 3 .
-------------------------------- :
= . :
-1 %10

.
-2
. ( , ) .
-3 ) (
.
-4 = 1 :
= +0.5 :
X 4
----------------------------------------

108
 2008/10/28 : : -

-------------------------------- :
-
: = 20
1 1
= 100 + ) (20 = 80 +
3 3
1 1
= 95 = 80 + = 18 = 86
2 3
86 .
= 25
:
1 1
= 100 + ) (25 = 75 +
3 3
1 1
= 95 = 75 + = 24 = 83
2 3
) (

= 24
)= 80 + (24 = 88 :

109
 )(:

33
24
18

83 * 86 88

88 83 = 5 5 )( :
- :
$ 25
= 75 + :
86 = 75 + = 33 86 :

33 .
---------------------------------:
-1 : = 1 :
)= ( 1 . )= ( 1
)= ( 1

110
 =
1
: = 1 :
1
= =
1 1

: ) (
) (
.

-2
= 1 = 2 = 3 :
:
(= )
- :
: - :

= + = =

= :

111
 = 3 6 +1 =0
( ) :
= 4 = (6) 4(3)(1) = 24
.
= = ) (
= 0.185 ( 1) :

+ 6 + 4.89
= = = 1.816
2 )2(3

= 1.816 = 1.225 :
: : 1.225 1.816
. = 1

-------------------------------- :
= . .1 - :
= (. ) :
%10

:
= =


: = 10%

= . =

= =
10
= = = 0.1
100
0.1 % :

112
 .1 -
.

= = .
.
= :

.
-2
:( , ) .

= = = =

.
.

:
.
=
.
-3 ) (
:
=
:

.
= ) ( :

113

)
(.

-4 :
= 1
:
. .
= .
4 :
. . . .
) = (4 ) . (4 = 4. . =4
.4 4
----------------------------------------

114
 2009/10/05 : -
-

---------------------------------:
-1 Cobb-Douglas
-2

--------------------------------- :
Q :
= 25 (14)P
:
= 91 + 24 5 )+ (23
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
-5

-6 .

115
 -------------------------------- :
:
= 2 + 2 = 18 2
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3 .
-4 = 2
:
-
-
-
-----------------------------------------

116
 2009/10/05 : -
-

-------------------------------- :
= -1 .... : Cobb-Douglas
: + ) ( , -
. +
) ( :
- ) (.
- .
-2
:
= . :
( . )
= =0
:
=0 :
:
=0

) ) (
= : (

117
 --------------------------------- :
-1 :
- :

) ( = =2 10 + 24

. + 0 :
lim

) ( = lim 2

= + :
) (:
) (
= 0 4 10 = 0 = 2.5

2.5 0
+

) (
+

+ 2.5 0

+
+ ) ( ) (
24
) ( .
11.5

- :
2
) ( = = 5 + 24
3

118
 :
. + 0

lim ) ( = lim = + :
) (:
4
=0 5 =0 = 3.75
3
3.75 0
+

+ 3.75 0

+ ) (
24
+ ( . )
14.625

-2 :

) (
= 3.75
.

119
 -3 :

:
:

.


.
-4 :
= 25 (14) = 4 + 100
= . = (4 + 100) = 4 + 100
= = 8 + 100

= = 4 + 100

-4 : ( ) -8 :
) (. .
-5
:
=
= (4 + 100 ) (91 + 24 5 )+ (23 )
2
= + + 76 91
3

120
 = 0 2 + 2 + 76 = 0

= 4 = (2) 4(2)(76) = 612

=

=
.
= 6.68 :

=

=
.
= 5.68 :

= 6.68 :
(. ) = 6.68 = 73.28

-6 :

. :
14.625 : =2 10 + 24
) (
< 14.625 : =0
--------------------------------:
-1
: :
` ) = 2 + 2( = 2 + 2 2
:
18 2 = 2 + 2 2
2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + 18
20 + 2 1
= =5+
4 2

121
 :
1
= 18 2 5 + =8
2
:
= .
) = . (8
=8

= 0 82 = 0 =4 :
:
=8 )= 8(4) (4 = 16
: -2
= 2 + 2 = 18 2 - :
4 = 20 =5 =8
` = 2 + 2( 4) = 18 2 - :
=7 =4

P
S2
:
E2
7 S1
E1
5

4 8 Q

122
 -3 :
4 )
(
) 8 5 (
) 4 7 ( . .
-4 = 2
) :
-
2 .
- ) ( = 2
.
- ) (
.
-----------------------------------------

123
 2007/10/23 : : -
-

---------------------------------:

) ( ) (Y
= ( / )2 ) ( ) ( :
= 96
. = 12 = 30
:
-1 )
(.
-2
:
-
.
-
--------------------------------- :
=2
:

.

124
 :
-1 . = 4
. =2 -2 = 1 = 2
-3
40 = -4 = 10
.
-5
-------------------------------- :
= + 5 + 150 :
= 2 + 53 :
:
-1 ) (
-2 ) (
) (3

-3
( ) = 35

----------------------------------------

125
 2009/10/23 : : -
-

---------------------------------:
-1 )
(:
:

= = 2 +2 :

= + :

= +2 + ( ) :

=0 +2 =0 +2
=
=0 =0
=
=0 =0
:
= 2 = )( + 2

:
= 1

= 2

126
 :
( ) ( )
= (
=2 )
)(96) 2(12
= =3
)2(12
.
:
)(96) + 2(12 72
= = = 36
2 2
:
(96) 2
= = 48 1
2
:

) ( = = 36 =1
2

) ( = = 48
48 1
48 4 4
= = =
48 1 41 3
) ) ( = 1 :
( .
( ) = :

.
.
:
.

127
 --------------------------------- :
: -1 = 4
= +

=
.
= . ( + )
= 2
( )+ 4 : = 4

=4 4
:
2 4
=0 =0 =

= . :
: =2 -2 = 1 = 2

- :
4 )4(2
= = = 16
)(1
- :
=4 4 = 4(2)(16) (1)(16) (2)4 = 8

128
 -3 :
1
= = =
2 2

1
=
2 :



:

: -4
:
= +
1 8 4
40 = 10 + 10 40 = 15 = =
2 3 3
=) ( . . -5
:

=

8 4
=2 =2 = 3.77
3 3
3.55
3.77 = 2 =

129
 3.55 3.55
= = 0.5
8
3
) (0.5
.
-------------------------------- :
-1 ) (:
= :
)(2 + 53
= = = 4 + 53

= =2 +5
= 4 + 53 = 2 + 5 =8
:
= 2(8) + 53 = 37
:
= = ( )+ 5 + 150
= 5 + 150
:
= (8) 5(8) + (37)(8) 150 = 42
-2 3
:
3 :
= + = (2 + 5) + 3 = 2 + 8

130
 :
= 4 + 53 = 2 + 8 = 7.5
:
= 2(7.5) + 53 = 38
:
= ( ) +3
= ( )+ 8 + 150
=:


8
+
150
= 18.75
-3
( ) = 35 :
A

38
37 D
35
C G

H
=
E

F B
7.5 8

( ) = 35
35 .

131
 ) (:
- " " .
- " " .
)
". ( "

". " " "
-----------------------------------------

132
 2007/10/20 : -
-

---------------------------------:
:
- = 2400 :
= + 10 - :
.
. = + 186 :
-1

-2 1000

-3 11

-4 %30
-5 %50
--------------------------------- :
= . .
:
-1 .
-2 . .

133
 = 100 = 10 -3= 5 :
.
-4 = 10

-------------------------------- :
.
-----------------------------------------

134
 2007/10/20 : -
-

---------------------------------:
-1 :
=
1
= = + 10
5
])[ ( + 186
= = = 2 + 186
1
= + 10 = 2 + 186 = 80
5
:
= (80) + 186 = 106
-2 1000 :
1000
: = :
= 80 . = 106
-3 11
:
11
11 :
1
) ( = + ) ( = + 21
5
135
 :
1
= + 21 = 2 + 186 = 75
5
:
= (75) + 186 = 111
-4 %30
:
= . ( )% = 0.3 .
30% )
( = 106
:
= 106 )= 0.3 (106 = 31.8
31.8 )(
:
1
) ( = + ) ( = + 41.8
5
:
1
= + 41.8 = 2 + 186 = 65.54
5
:
= (65.54) + 186 = 120.45
-5 %50 :
%50

136
 = :
= 80 : . = 106
-------------------------------- :
-1 . :
)(
)(.

= ( ).(Coob-douglas . .
)

) (Coob-douglas :
= :
, , ,> 0 1, 0.25, 0.75 > 0 :

-2 . .
) ( .

.
( . )
:
. .
0.75 0.75
= . .
= = =
0.25 0.25 3
:
. = : :

137
 -3
:
. = :
= :
:
2
100 = 10 + 5 = 7.5 =5
3
:
. . . .
= )= (5 )(7.5 = 6.77
: -4 = 10

= (= ( . ) )
= 10 .6.77 100 = 32.3
32.3 .
-------------------------------- :


:

.
.
-----------------------------------------

138
 2004/2003 : -

---------------------------------:
=
:
:
.
:
-1 .
-2

: = 40 =5 -3 = 3
2.5 :

= = 10
-
- 2
--------------------------------- :
:
= (12) + 20

=2 10 + 5 :
:
-1 .
-2 .
139
 -3
-4
) (.
-------------------------------- :
:
= 2 +2 =3 +4 .

:
.
:
-1 . = 98 :
-2
. = 60 :
-3
----------------------------------------

140
 2004/2003 : -

---------------------------------:
-1 :

=X . - :
= + - :
2 1
= X3 . 2 + ( ) :
2
=0 =0 =3
=0 =0 1

=0 =0 =2

= :

= :

-2
:
:
= . .
=

= . .
. .
=1 - :

141
 4 1
= = . 4 1
- = 1 :
7 . .
7

(. )> 0 : - = 1

= 40 =5 -3 = 3
2.5 : = 10 :

=
- : ) (
) (
.
- 2:

= = 2.5 = +12.5%
+5%
=X . = (10) . (10) = 14.67

= . = 14.67 .1.125 = 16.5
:
16.5 272.25
= 16.5 . = =

- 16.5:
.
=
3
= - :
5
:
272.25 3
= = 31.18 = 2.77
5

142
 : 14.67 16.5
10 31.18 2.77
.
--------------------------------- :
-1 :
= :
(2 ) + 40
= = = 4 + 40

= = 4 10
= 4 + 40 = 4 10 = 6.25
-2 :
= 4 + 40 :
= 4 10
-3 :
= 6.25 :
= 2(6.25) + 40 = 27.5
-4
:

) (
:
=
= 4 10 = 2 + 40 = 8.33

143
 : = 8.33
= 2(8.33) + 40 = 23.33

)(

.
)(:

27.5
23.33

6.25 8.33

-------------------------------- :
:
= 2 +2 =3 +4
-1 : = 98 :
:
= 3 + 4 + 98 (2 )+ 2
= 3 + 4 + (98 2 ) 2

144
 =0 3 2 =0 3
=
2
=0 4 2 =0 4
=
=0 98 2 2=0 2

= :
:
4
98 2 2=0 =6 =8
3
( = 6 , )= 8
98 :
=3 +4 )= 3(8) + 4(6 = 48
: ( , = 60 : -2 )
4
:
=
3
4
60 3 4 = 0 60 3 4 =0
3
= 7.5 = 10
-3 :
: 98 :
. =6, =8

= 7.5 , : = 10
:
=2 + 2 2(10)(7.5) + 2 = 152

145
 :

7.5 .... 152

6 98 ...
8 10

.
: = +25% : = +25%
: +55.1%
.
----------------------------------------

146
 2005/2004 : -

-------------------------
-1
.
-2
:
1
= 1

. :
-----------------------------------------
2005/2004 : -

-------------------------
-1 :
-
.
. -
-
:
<

147
 -2
: )(:

>1

=1

<1

.
:
= = =
:
: = 1 :

<1
.

.
0 =1



>1
.
----------------------------------------

148
 2007/10/23 : -
-

---------------------------------:
-1

= -2 Cobb-Douglas
-3 :
-4 =
.
-5
-6
--------------------------------- :
5
)( :
= 23 5 + 18
:
-1
-2 .
-3 :
= 100 3
- .
-----------------------------------------

149
 2009/10/23 : -
-

---------------------------------:
-1
:



) (
) (Jevens .1871
= -2 Cobb-Douglas

.
-
.
-3 :
:

Cobb-Douglas -
= , = :
.

150
 = , =
=
=
. +
-4 :
+ = 1 :
= 0.5 = 0.5 :
= . .
:
-5 :
.
(: - )
. . .
= =
) (: -
. . .
= =
-6 :
- :
.
( . ) .
= 0.5 = 0.5

: -
.
. ( . )
= 0.5 = 0.5

151
 --------------------------------- :
-1 :
) (
.

)-( . :
= = 23 5 + 18

= 0 43 5=0 = 3.75
3.75
= 8.625 :

-2 :
: .
= 2 10 + 18
:
8.625 : =2 10 + 18
< 8.625 : =0

-3
= 100 3 : :


8.625 .

152
 :
)= 100 3(8.625 = 74.125
74.125 .

)(:

- - - -

CmL


CML

8.625
D

3.75 75.125
-----------------------------------------

153


154
 2003/10/05 : -

:
)----------------------------- :(01
:
:
. . .
= 14 . .
.
-1 .
-2 .
-3 :
= 82 = 254 = 12 =5

:
-1
:
- .
- .
- .
-2
-----------------------------------------

155
 )----------------------------- :(02
= 28 K :
= 1.25 :
= 20 : = 15 :
: :
= = 790.86
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
:
%15
-1 .
-2
-3

:
.
-1 .
-2
-3 .
-----------------------------------------
156
 )----------------------------- :(03
:
= 2 + 4 + . +8

:
.
-
= 50 = 10 : = 5
-1 .
-2 .
:
-1 4

-2 .
: 6 :
-1
-2

-3
-----------------------------------------

157
 )----------------------------- :(04
, , : = 4. . . :
= 2.5 = 8 :
= 400 =5
-1 .
-2 .
-----------------------------------------

2006/10/29 : -
-

------------------------
-Euler- :
= . = 2 : = 2 :
.
-----------------------------------------

158
 ............ : -

---------------------------------:
:

.
( ) = 182 + 50 :
.
:
-1 .
-2
.
-3

---------------------------------:
:
= 0.04 0.9 + (11 ) + 5
.
:
-1 .
-2 .

159
 = 4 -3


-4 = 6
-------------------------------- :
= 2 + 42 :
. = 3 :
:
-1 .
-2 :
1 .%30
-3 2 %20
.
----------------------------------------

160
 2005/2004 : -
-

---------------------------------:


) ( .
. , , :
:
( =) ( . ) = 1, 2, 3
= ( )+ ( ) :
:
= + = +

w .
:
-1

-2
-3 ) ( ) (
-4 :
=7 , = 15 , = 10 , =4

161
 --------------------------------- :
128
. :
=8 2 + 72
:
19964
) ( = 190 +
-1
-2

:
27020
) ( = 190 +

)
(.
-3 ) (.
-------------------------------- :
100 X B
:
=5 + 15 + 125
= + 525 :
.
-1

162
 -2

-3 50
:
= 2.5 + 25
-
-
-

----------------------------------------

163
 2008/10/20 : -
-

---------------------------------:

.5 :
= 53
. :
:
-1 .
-2
.
:
-

- .1
--------------------------------- :

6 4 2
:
160 140 100 2
240 200 140 4 :
300 240 160 6 .

164
 6 4
:
= (6 , 4 ) = 240
:
-1
-2 .
-3
-------------------------------- :

Cournot .Sweezy
.
----------------------------------------

165
 2002/10/19 : -

---------------------------------:
"" 24 = T .
=

.

.
.
:
: : . 1 2 :
1 2 .
-1 .
-2 .
--------------------------------- :
1000 :
= 2 + 200
1000 :
= 10 + 200
-1 .
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.
-3 = 50
. . .
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"" :
= 4 + 16 + 70

166
 = 40 :
-1 .
-2 ) (

.
-3 .
----------------------------------------
2007/2006 : -
-
-----------------------:
) ( ,
:
= +

= 64.
= 8. .
6480 = :..
:
-
) ( )
(.
-----------------------------------------

167
 2005/2004 : -
-

---------------------------------- :
-1 :

)(03 )(02 )(01

Y QY QY

A
U3
B U2
R2
U1
R1
X QX QX

-2 .
-3 = ( , ) : 1

-4 )(
).(3

-5 ) (1 ).(2
-6 ) (5 " ".
----------------------------------------

168
 ........... : -
-

) (:
---------------------------------:
-1

-2 " Giffen
" ) (.
) ( :
:
--------------------------------- :
:
- - .
- .
: .
-------------------------------- :
:
= -
- .

) ( . = . : :

169
 .
---------------------------------- :
= , , -
.
-1

-2

-3
-4 Euler
-5
----------------------------------------

170
 2002/10/16 : -
-

---------------------------------:
"" "" . ) (12
(00) .
"" . .
-1

.
-2
:
-3 .
-4 " "Ceteris-Paribus
.
-5 .
-6 :
= lim = / = (=) ( )

-7 :Cobb-Douglas
=3

171
 -8

) ( ) (
.
-9 ) (
) ( 1 .
-10 .
--------------------------------- :
:
=) ( , ,
:
. , , -1
= 15 = 310 -2 = 12 :

-3 .
-4 :
= 100 . = 20
-5 :
= 20 = 10 =2
. = 100 = 65.1 :
-6 =
70

172
 -7
.
5 6 .
-------------------------------- :

:
( , ) = 10 ( )
. = 1
:
-1
-2
-3 .
-4
-----------------------------------------

173
 2007/10/01 : -
-

---------------------------------:
"" "" .
) (1 + ) (0 ).(0
-1
.
-2
.
-3 ) ( . ) ( .
.
-4 .
-5
.
-6 .
--------------------------------- :
Cobb-Douglas :
=
: : : :
: :
.

174
 :
>0 , >0 , >0 , >0
<0 <1 , <0 <1

: .Cobb-Douglas
-------------------------------- :

, , :
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Q,x,y,z
312 305 285 249 204 144 75 0 UTx
268 258 238 204 164 116 62 0 UTy
180 180 178 168 145 108 60 0 UTz
17 :
=1 =2 =3

:
-1
. , -2
-3
-4
---------------------------------:

:

175

= . =( . )
=2 =1 :
.
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
----------------------------------------

2003/09/27 :
-

-------------------------
-1

-2
Cobb-Douglas
-----------------------------------------

176
 ............ : -
-

---------------------------------:
= +2 :
= x : y + :
:
= 32 =4 =2
:
-1 x y
.
-2
.
-3
=8 = 4
---------------------------------:

) ( ) ( :
= ( 1) .
1000 ) (
1000 ).( = 1

177
 :
-1 :
=1 =1 -
=3 = 2 -
) (
) ( .
-2 .
--------------------------------:


:
= 5 + 1 :
= 5 + 2 :
= 105 2 :
-
.
-----------------------------------------

178
 2009/2008 : -
-

---------------------------------:
92 88 56 30 :
.12

) ( .5 4 3 2 1 :
---------------------------------:

) (
--------------------------------:
-
.
---------------------------------:
)(
)
(
-----------------------------------------

179
 2008 : -
-

---------------------------------:
:
-1

-2

-3

---------------------------------:
= ( , ) = 320( ) 2 :
, .
-1

-2

-3 = 2 :
.
-4
-5

180
 --------------------------------:
:
= 36 0.1
.
-1
-2
-3 25 $ 30

---------------------------------:


.
-----------------------------------------

181


.
-1:
( . = )
. . = = .

. = . = = .
1
( . = ) . = . (=1 ) 0

:
( ). . = ( ( ). = )
= ( ).

( ). = ( ). = = ( ).
1 ( ). )= 1 ( 0
( ( ). = ) ( ). =

-2:

. = . =

. . = . = )( 0

:
3 3 3 3 3
( ). 27 = 27. 27. 27 = 3 . 3 . 3 = 27
2 3 6
( ). 64 = 64 = 2
( ). 8 . 18 = 144 = 12
4
1782 4 1782 4
( ). 4 = = 81 = 3
22 22

182
 ) ( -2 : ) (
:
. lim = =
. lim = =
. lim ) ( ( ) = lim =

) ( . lim [ ( ) ( )] = lim ( ) lim

. lim [ ( ) . ) ( ( )] = lim ( ) . lim

. ) ( lim [ ( ) ( )] = lim ( ) lim lim ( ) 0

. lim ) ( [ ( )] = lim ) < (0

-3 :
. =
( ) . = . :
lim. ( ) .
lim =) ( ( ) .

.
-4 :
.

= 2
1 :
2 1

183
 -5 : .

. =) ( = (
. )=0
. =) ( + . ( =)
. =) ( . ( )= . .
. ) (( ) = ( ) . ( ) () = ( )
. ) (( ) = ( ) . . ( ) = ( ). ( ) + ) ( ( ).
) ( ) ( ( ). ( ) ( ).
. =) ( )(( ) 0 . ( =)
) ( ]) ([

. ]) ( [ = ) ( . ]) ( [ = ) ( . ) (

- : :
) ( = ) ( = ]) ( [ = .

.:
= .

= (4 : + 7) :
=5 : =4 + 7 : = :
: = 12

= . 5 . 12 = 60

184
 - : ) (
.
) ( ....
- :
= ) ( ) ( ) (
.
) (( ) = ( ). :
-6 : .
:

. = + :

. = + ) (1:

1
. = +
+1
: 1

. = In + ( )> 0 :
1
. = + :

. ) ( = ) (
:
:
]) ( . [ ( ) = ( ) ) (

. ) ( = ) (

185
 -7 : ) (
:

: :

( )<0 : =

( )>0 : =

> 0 : < 0 :

-8 ) :(0 ( ) < 0
) ( ( ) > 0
) ( .

= : = :

( )<0 ( )>0 ( )<0 ( )>0

) ( ) ( ) ( ( )<0
>0 >0 <0

186
 -9 :
. :

= : = :
( )=0 ( )=0
( )<0 ( )>0

-10 :
) )( )(
: = ( . :

( )>0 ( )<0 ( )=0 ( )=0

( )=0 ( )=0 ( )=0 ( )=0

187
 -11 : .
:
- :

= =
- :

= = +


.
- :

= = +

+ +

188


Prix
Quantit
Revenu
Demande individuelle
Demande du march
Utilit totale
Utilit marginale
Impt
Elasticit - prix de la demande
Elasticit revenu de la demande
Elasticit - croise de la demande
Taux marginal de substitution
Produit total
Produit moyen
Produit marginal
Main-duvre
Capital
Taux marginal de substitution
technique


Cot total (Dpenses totales)
189
)Cot total (Dpenses totales
Cot fixe
Cot variable
Cot total court terme
Cot moyen court terme
Cot marginal court terme
Cot total long terme
Cot moyen long terme
Cot marginal long terme
)Cot moyen (Total )(
Cot fixe moyen
Cot variable moyen
Revenu total
Revenu moyen
Revenu marginal
Profit

190


08 06 - ..............1999
14 12 - ............... 2009
21 20 - ............. 2000
25 23 - .................. 2006
30 29 .............................. 2005
34 33 20 - 1955 ....... 2004
40 38 05 - 1945 ............. 2004
45 44 ......... 2006
49 48 ....................1999
51 50 ....... 2004
56 54 - ................. 2007
63 61 ........................
69 67 ................ 2001
76 74 ......................
80 78 ..........................
86 84 ................. 2004
92 90 ................ 2005
99 97 - ............... 2008
105 104 .............................. 2003
109 107 ) 2008(..

191
 117 115 .............. 2009
126 124 ) 2007(....
135 133 ............ 2007
141 139 - ..............2003
147 147 ............2004
150 149 ...............2007

155 ..............................2003
158 ) 2006(......................
159 .......................................
161 ..................................2004
164 - .............................2008
166 ..................................2002
167 ...................................2004
168 - ...............................2004
169 ......................................
171 ..............................2002
174 ..............................2007
176 ..............................................2003
177 ................................................
179 ..............................2008
180 - ........................2008

192
193