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F25PassiveSafetySystems
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Statusoftheinformation:July2010
VH-23/InternationalTechnicalTraining
F25PassiveSafetySystems
Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1. PassiveSafety............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2. Models............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1. Overview............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
3. Systemoverview............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
3.1. Systemwiringdiagrams..............................................................................................................................................................................3
3.1.1. Busdiagram.................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.1.2. Systemwiringdiagram................................................................................................................................................ 7
4. Functions..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1. FunctionsofCrashSafetyModule .......................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2. Crash-relevantfunctions............................................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2.1. Evaluatingthesensorsignals.......................................................................................................................10
4.2.2. Crashdetection...................................................................................................................................................................10
4.2.3. Triggertimeandtriggersequence...................................................................................................... 11
4.2.4. Triggeringtheignitioncircuitoutputstages......................................................................... 11
4.2.5. Sendingthecrashmessage...........................................................................................................................11
4.2.6. Crashdocumentation................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2.7. Emergencycallfunction....................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3. Systemmonitoringfunctions......................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.3.1. Systemselftest................................................................................................................................................................. 13
4.3.2. Displayofsystemoperability........................................................................................................................ 13
4.3.3. Cyclicmonitoring........................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.3.4. Faultdisplayandfaultstorage.................................................................................................................... 13
4.3.5. Outputoffaults(diagnosis)............................................................................................................................. 14
4.3.6. Acousticandvisualseatbeltwarning.............................................................................................14
4.3.7. Deactivatingtheairbag........................................................................................................................................... 14
5. SystemComponents......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.1. CrashSafetyModule .................................................................................................................................................................................16
5.2. Sensorsandswitches................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
5.2.1. Lateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensor,B-pillar.............................................. 16
5.2.2. Airbagsensor,frontdoor(pressure).................................................................................................. 17
5.2.3. Frontsensor........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
5.2.4. SensorsintheICM....................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.2.5. CISmat............................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
5.2.6. Seatbeltbuckleswitch.......................................................................................................................................... 20
5.2.7. Emergencycallbutton............................................................................................................................................ 21
5.3. Actuators......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
F25PassiveSafetySystems
Contents
5.3.1. Driver'sairbag........................................................................................................................................................................22
5.3.2. Frontpassengerairbag.......................................................................................................................................... 22
5.3.3. Kneeairbags............................................................................................................................................................................23
5.3.4. Headairbag ............................................................................................................................................................................. 24
5.3.5. Sideairbag,front.............................................................................................................................................................. 24
5.3.6. Seatbelt ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
5.3.7. Crash-activeheadrests,front....................................................................................................................... 27
5.3.8. Safetybatteryterminal............................................................................................................................................ 29
5.3.9. Airbagindicatorlight.................................................................................................................................................. 30
5.3.10. Seatbeltwarninglight.............................................................................................................................................30
5.3.11. Indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation........................................ 30
F25PassiveSafetySystems
1.Introduction
1.1.PassiveSafety
ThepassivesafetysystemoftheF25isbasedontheobjectivesandcharacteristicsofcurrentBMW
models.
Forthis,extensivemeasuresweretakenonthebodyandontheoccupantssafetyandprotectionsys-
tems.Inadditiontotherestraintsystem,aspecialbodystructurewithadefinedcrashbehaviorisal-
sopartofthepassivesafetysystem.Intheeventofancollision,theforcesintroducedarereducedina
definedmannerandthereforehavelessonanimpactontheoccupants.
Therestraintsystemsensurethattheriskofinjuryisfurtherreduced.
The4thgenerationAdvancedCrashSafetyModule(ACSM4)isusedasthecentralairbagcontrol
unitinthepassivesafetysystemfortheF25.Asisthecasewiththe3rdgenerationACSM,thecen-
tralsensorsystemisoutsidethecontrolunit,andisnotwithinaseparatecentralsensoreither.Instead,
theACSMevaluatessensordatafromtheICM.
ThefrontvehicleoftheF25wasoptimizedforpedestrianprotection.Thesoftdeformationpathsun-
derthehoodensurecompliancewithalllegalrequirementsforpedestrianprotection.Anactivehood
notrequiredwiththeF25.
F25Passivesafetysystem
1
F25PassiveSafetySystems
2.Models
2.1.Overview
Inthe4thgeneration,aCrashSafetyModuleisinstalledasthepassivesafetysystemintheF25.The
followingtableprovidesanoverviewoftheversionsinstalledfordifferentmodels:
2
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
3.1.Systemwiringdiagrams
ThefollowingbusoverviewshowsthevehiclecircuitstructureoftheF25andincorporationofthe
modulesonthePT-CAN.
3
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
3.1.1.Busdiagram
F25Busoverview
4
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
Index Explanation
1 Wakeablecontrolunits
2 Controlunitswithwake-upauthorization
3 Start-upnodecontrolunitsforstartingupandsynchronizingtheFlexRaybus
system
ACSM AdvancedCrashSafetyModule
AMPT TopHiFiamplifier
CAS CarAccessSystem
CID Centralinformationdisplay
COMBOX Combox(Comboxmultimedia,Comboxmultimediawithtelematics)
CON Controller
DCAN Diagnosis-on-ControllerAreaNetwork
DME DigitalMotorElectronics
DSC DynamicStabilityControl
DVDC DVDchanger
EDC ElectronicDamperControl
EGS Electronictransmissioncontrol
EKPS Electronicfuelpumpcontrol
EMF Electromechanicalparkingbrake
EPS Electronicpowersteering(electromechanicalpowersteering)
Ethernet Cable-baseddatanetworktechnologyforlocaldatanetworks
FLA High-beamassistant
FlexRay Fast,presetandfault-tolerantbussystemforuseinautomotivesector
FRM Footwellmodule
FZD Rooffunctioncenter
GWS Gearselectorswitch
HEADUNIT Headunit(carinformationcomputerorcarinformationcomputerbasicII)
HKL Automaticoperationoftailgate
HUD HeadUpDisplay
ICM IntegratedChassisManagement
IHKA AutomaticintegratedheatingandA/Ccontrolunit
JBE Junctionboxelectronics
K-CAN. Bodycontrollerareanetwork
KCAN2 Bodycontrollerareanetwork2
KOMBI Instrumentpanel
MOST MediaOrientedSystemTransport
5
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
Index Explanation
OBD On-boarddiagnosis(diagnosticsocket)
PDC ParkDistanceControl
PTCAN Powertraincontrollerareanetwork
PTCAN2 Powertraincontrollerareanetwork2
RAD Radio
SMFA Driver'sseatmodule
TPMS TirePressureMonitoringSystem
TRSVC Controlunitforcamerasystems
VDM Verticaldynamicsmanagement
VTG Transferbox
ZGM Centralgatewaymodule
6
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
3.1.2.Systemwiringdiagram
F25Systemwiringdiagram
7
F25PassiveSafetySystems
3.Systemoverview
Index Explanation
1 Centralgatewaymodule
2 Frontsensor,leftenginesupport
3 Instrumentpanel
4 CarAccessSystem
5 CrashSafetyModule
6 Frontsensor,rightenginesupport
7 Terminal30B
8 Airbagsensor,frontdoor,left(pressure)
9 Driver'sairbag,two-stage
10 Clockspring
11 Kneeairbag,driver
12 Indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation
13 Frontpassengerairbag,two-stage
14 Airbagsensor,frontdoor,right(pressure)
15 Headairbag,left
16 Accelerationsensor,B-pillaronleft
17 Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter,driver
18 Seatbeltbucklecontact,driver
19 Seat-positionsensor,driver
20 Sideairbag,driver'sside
21 Crash-activeheadrest,driver
22 IntegratedChassisManagement
23 Seatbeltbucklecontact,frontpassenger
24 Seatoccupancymat,CISmat
25 Crash-activeheadrest,frontpassenger
26 Sideairbag,frontpassenger
27 Headairbag,right
28 Accelerationsensor,B-pillaronright
29 Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter,frontpassenger
30 COMBOX
31 Safetybatteryterminal
8
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
4.1.FunctionsofCrashSafetyModule
ThefunctionoftheCrashSafetyModuleistopermanentlyevaluateallsensorsignalsinordertoiden-
tifyacrashsituation.Asaresultofthesensorsignalsandtheirevaluation,theCrashSafetyModule
identifiesthedirectionofthecrashandtheseverityoftheimpact.
Inaddition,informationontheseatoccupancyofthefrontpassengerseatandwhetherornotthe
driver'sand/orfrontpassenger'sseatbeltisfastenedisusedasinput.Fromthisinformation,mea-
suresaretakentoselectivelyactivatethenecessaryrestraintsystems.
TheCrashSafetyModulemonitorsthesystemitselfandindicateswhenitisreadyforoperationby
switchingofftheairbagindicatorlight.
Ifanerroroccursduringoperationthisisstoredinafaultmemoryandcanbereadoutfordiagnosis
purposes.
Ifacrashsituationisdetected,acrashmessageissenttotheothercomponentsinthedatabusnet-
workasnotification.Therelevantcontrolunitsrespondtothissignalbyexecutingtheirownactivities
accordingtotheseverityofthecrash.
Theactivitiesinclude:
Openingthecentrallockingsystem
Activationofhazardwarningflasher
Switchingontheinteriorlight
Deactivatingthefuelpump
Automaticemergencycall.
AnadditionalfunctionoftheCrashSafetyModuleistheacousticseatbeltwarningthatremindsthe
driverandfrontpassengerusingvisualandacousticsignalsthefastentheirseatbelts.
ThefunctionsoftheCrashSafetyModulearegenerallydividedintothefollowingareas:
Crash-relevantfunctions
Systemmonitoringfunctions
Additionalconveniencefunctions.
4.2.Crash-relevantfunctions
TheCrashSafetyModulemustfulfilthefollowingcrash-relevantfunctions:
Evaluatingthesensorsignals
Crashdetection
Specifyingthetriggertimeandtriggersequence
Triggeringtheignitioncircuitoutputstages
9
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
Sendingthecrashmessagetoallbususers
Crashdocumentation
Emergencycallfunction.
4.2.1.Evaluatingthesensorsignals
Thesensorsservetoidentifyandverifyfront-end,side-onandrear-endcrashes.
ThesensorsaredirectlyconnectedtotheCrashSafetyModulewheretheirsignalsareevaluatedand
processed.
4.2.2.Crashdetection
TheUSversionofthevehiclesisalsoequippedwiththefollowingsensors:
oneairbagsensortomonitorthepressureineachofthefrontdoors(blue).
onefrontsensoroneachoftheenginesupports(red).
onerollratesensorintheICM
oneverticalaccelerationsensorintheICM
Thefrontsensorsontheenginesupportsassistwiththeidentificationofafront-endcrashandthe
correspondingseverity.
Theairbagsensorsinthecardoors(blue)assistwiththeidentificationofaside-oncrash.
F25SensorsinUSversionofvehicles
10
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
4.2.3.Triggertimeandtriggersequence
TheCrashSafetyModuleusesthevaluestransmittedbythesensorstodeterminethedirectionand
severityofthecrash.
Inthecaseofafront-endcrash,correspondinghighaccelerationvaluesfromthelongitudinalaccelera-
tionsensorsintheB-pillarandICMrespectivelymustbedetectedforexample.Analgorithmusesthe
accelerationstocalculatetheseverityanddirectionofthecrash.Thisinformationisusedtoassistcal-
culationofthetriggertimesandsequenceinwhichtherestraintsystemsareactivated.
Apossibleimminentrolloverisalsodetectedandtheappropriateprotectionsystemsareenergized.
4.2.4.Triggeringtheignitioncircuitoutputstages
TheCrashSafetyModuleissuppliedbytheCarAccessSystem4CAS4withterminal30b.TheCrash
SafetyModuleisinofflinemodewithterminal30B.Thismeansthatitisactiveonthedatabusandcan
performalldiagnosticfunctions.Triggeringoftheignitioncircuitsisblockedandisonlyenabledasof
terminal15oncethesystemself-testiscomplete.TheCrashSafetyModuleisalsoreadyforignition,
evenwiththelogicalterminalRafterengineoff.
Theignitioncapacitorsarerechargedviaaswitchingcontroller.Theseignitioncapacitorsmakethefir-
ingenergyavailableintheeventofacrash.Ifthevoltagesupplyisinterruptedduringacrash,theigni-
tioncapacitorsservebrieflyasanenergyreserve.
Theignitioncircuitoutputstagesconsistofahigh-sideandalow-sidepowerswitch.Thehigh-side
powerswitchcontrolstheignitionvoltage,whilethelow-sidepowerswitchswitchestoground.The
ignitioncircuitoutputstagesarecontrolledbyamicro-controller.
Thehigh-sideandlow-sidepowerswitchesalsoservethepurposeofcheckingtheignitioncircuits
duringthesystemself-test.
4.2.5.Sendingthecrashmessage
Intheeventofacollisioninvolvingactivationoftherestraintsystems,theCrashSafetyModulesends
acrashmessagetothebususersinthebus-systemnetwork.Intandemwiththis,theComboxis
promptedtosendanemergencycallviaadirectsingle-wireconnection.
Asaresult,therespectivecontrolunitsperformthefollowingfunctionsdependingonthecrashseveri-
ty:
Function Controlunit
Switchoffelectricfuelpump DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)or
viaelectronicfuelpumpcontrol(EKPS)
Releasecentrallockingsystem JunctionboxelectronicsJBE
Switchonhazardwarningflashers FootwellmoduleFRM
Switchoninteriorlights FootwellmoduleFRM
Transmitemergencycall(onlywithairbagde- Combox
ployment)
11
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
4.2.6.Crashdocumentation
Intheeventofacollisionwhereoneormoreactuatorsareactivated,acrashentryisstoredinanon-
erasablememory.Afterthreecrashentries,anon-erasablefaultentryisstoredinthefaultmemory
withtheinstructiontoreplacetheCrashSafetyModule.
Thethreecrashentriescouldalsobestoredduringthecourseofanaccident.Eachcrashentryisas-
signedasystemtime.Thecontrolunitremainscapableoffiringevenafterthreecrashentries.The
crashentriescannotbeerasedandservethepurposeofsubsequentdevicediagnosis.Amaximumof
threecrashentriescanbestored.Thecontrolunitmustthenbereplaced.
4.2.7.Emergencycallfunction
TheemergencycallfunctionismadepossiblewiththeBMWAssistinfrastructure.Anotherprerequi-
siteforbeingabletomakeanemergencycallistheavailabilityofatelephonenetwork.
InadditiontotheemergencycallfunctionincludedintheComboxmultimediawithtelematics,thecus-
tomeralsohasaccesstoarangeofotherconveniencefunctions.
Amanualandautomaticemergencycallfunctionisincludedasstandard.Thecustomeralsohasthe
optionofactivatingabreakdowncall.IfthevehicleisequippedwithaCombox,atelematicsantenna,
anemergencyantenna,ahands-freesystemandaGPSantennafordeterminingthelocationarealso
installed.
Manualemergencycall
Driverswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedintheaccidentcanusethemanualemergencycalltorequestas-
sistance.
TheemergencycallbuttonislocatedintherooffunctioncenterandisconnectedtotheComboxdi-
rectly.
Voicecontactwiththerelevantserviceproviderisestablishedbypressingtheemergencycallbutton.
ThevoicecontactisindicatedbyaflashingLEDintheswitch.
Automaticemergencycall
TheCrashSafetyModulesendsamessagetotheComboxintheeventofanaccidentwithcorre-
spondingcrashseverity.TheComboxsendsanemergencycall,andalsothelocationofthevehicleif
available.
Attemptsaremadeatthesametimetoestablishavoicecontactwiththeoccupantsofthevehiclein
ordertoobtainmoredetailedinformationabouttheaccident(e.g.numberofinjuredpersons).Addi-
tionalrescueoperationsareinitiatedaccordingly.
Extendedautomaticemergencycall
Inaddition,theemergencycall(AdvancedAutomaticCrashNotification)functionfeaturesinvehicles
withBMWAssist.
12
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
TheriskofinjuryisdeterminedusingthedifferentsensordataobtainedbytheAdvancedAutomatic
CrashNotificationsystemandtransmittedtotherescuecoordinationcenter.
Theemergencycallcontainsadditionalspecificinformationonthecircumstancesoftheaccident.
Thismeansthatmorepreciseinformationregardingtheaccidentandriskofinjuryisthereforeavail-
ableatthecallcenterandcanbeforwardedtotherescuecoordinationcenter.Theemergencycoordi-
nationcentercantheninitiatetheappropriatemeasures.
4.3.Systemmonitoringfunctions
TheCrashSafetyModulehasthefollowingsystemmonitoringfunctions:
Systemself-test(pre-drivecheck)
Displayofsystemoperability
Cyclicmonitoring
Faultdisplayandfaultstorage
Outputoffaults(diagnosis)
Acousticandvisualseatbeltwarning
Deactivationofthefrontpassengerairbagandsideairbag
4.3.1.Systemselftest
TheCrashSafetyModuleperformsasystemselftestfromterminal15.Theairbagindicatorlightisen-
ergizedforroughlyfivesecondsduringthesystemselftest.
Oncethesystemselftestiscompleteandnofaultshavebeenidentified,theairbagindicatorlight
goesoutandthesystemisreadytooperate.
4.3.2.Displayofsystemoperability
TheairbagindicatorlightintheinstrumentpanelgoesouttoindicatethattheCrashSafetyModuleis
readyforoperation.
4.3.3.Cyclicmonitoring
Oncethesystemself-testhasbeensuccessfullyconcludedandthesystemisreadyforoperation,
acyclicmonitoringprocedureisperformedforfaultmonitoringpurposes.Cyclicmonitoringserves
thepurposeofinternaldiagnosisofthecontrolunitandtheoverallairbagsystem.Cyclicalmonitoring
takesplacecontinuouslyfromterminal15.ThisalsocontinueswhenlogicalterminalRisreachedafter
theengineisswitchedoff.
4.3.4.Faultdisplayandfaultstorage
TheCrashSafetyModulehasanon-volatilefaultmemory.Theairbagindicatorlightlightsuptoindi-
cateafaultentry.
13
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
Events,suchastheactivationofanairbagorbelttensioner,arealsostoredinthefaultmemory.
Ifthefaultmemorycontainstheentrythattherestraintsystemhasbeenactivated,thisonlymeansthe
ignitedrestraintsystemisnotavailableforfurtheractivationandnotthatitmalfunctionedduringthe
crash.
4.3.5.Outputoffaults(diagnosis)
ThefaultmemorycanbereadoutviathediagnosticinterfacewiththeassistanceoftheIntegrated
ServiceTechnicalApplicationISTAintheBMWdiagnosissystem.Afterrectifyingthefaultsorafterre-
newingactivatedcomponents,thefaultmemorycanbeclearedwiththediagnosiscommand"Clear
faultmemory".
4.3.6.Acousticandvisualseatbeltwarning
AnacousticandvisualseatbeltwarningisastandardfeatureofallvehiclesequippedwiththeCrash
SafetyModule.TheCrashSafetyModulerecordswhetherornotthedriverorfrontpassengerhave
fastenedtheirseatbelts.Iftheyhavenot,anacousticandvisualwarningisoutputtoremindthemto
fastentheirseatbelts.Bothseatbeltbuckleswitchesaremonitoredseparately.
4.3.7.Deactivatingtheairbag
Provisionismadeinthevehiclefortheairbagtobedeactivatedautomaticallyinordertosatisfythe
regulationsoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationNHTSA.Theairbagisdeactivated
whenthechildseatslistedintheregulationareused.
TheOccupantClassification3mat(OC3mat)hasbeenreplacedwiththeCapacitiveInteriorSensing
mat(CISmat)onallnewBMWmodels.
TheCISmatusestwoelements:asensorwirethatrunsparalleltotheseatheatingintheseatcush-
ionandanevaluationunit.TheCISmatmeasuresthecapacityandohmicresistancebetweenthesen-
sorwire(anode)andthevehicleground(cathode)atafrequencyof120kHz.TheCISmatdetermines
fromthechangeincapacityandresistancewhetherthefrontpassengerseatisoccupiedbyanadult
orachildinachildseat.
14
F25PassiveSafetySystems
4.Functions
MeasuringprocedureofCISmatusingF07asexample
Thedeactivationofthefrontpassengerairbagandsideairbagonthefrontpassengersideissignalled
bytheindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation.
Theindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationintherooffunctioncenterlightsupifachild
restraintsystemthathasbeentestedinaccordancewiththeNHTSAregulationsandisholdingasmall
childisdetectedonthefrontpassengerseat,orifthefrontpassengerseatisunoccupied.
Thedisplaybrightnessiscontrolledbyautomaticregulationofthedisplayillumination.
15
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
5.1.CrashSafetyModule
TheCrashSafetyModuleisaccommodatedinahousingwiththreesockets.
Twosocketsservetoconnectthewiringharness.Anadditionalsocketisprovidedfortheinterior
wiringharness.
F25CrashSafetyModule
TheCrashSafetyModuleislocatedbehindtheglovebox.
TheCrashSafetyModulenolongercontainsanysensors.ThesensorsarelocatedintheICMonthe
transmissiontunnel.
5.2.Sensorsandswitches
Thefollowingsensorsandswitchesareinstalled:
LateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensorsinICM
RollratesensorintheICM
VerticalaccelerationsensorinICM
LateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensorsontheB-pillars
Oneairbagsensorineachofthefrontdoors(pressure)
Onefrontsensoroneachoftheenginesupports
CISmat
Seatbeltbuckleswitch
Emergencycallbutton
5.2.1.Lateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensor,B-pillar
ThelateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensorsintheB-pillarsassistwiththeidentificationoffront-
endcrashes,side-oncrashesandrear-endcrashes.
TheB-pillarairbagsensorconsistsofalongitudinalaccelerationsensorandalateralaccelerationsen-
sor.TheaccelerationsensorsmeasureboththeaccelerationandthedecelerationintheXandYdirec-
tions.TheresultantfromtheXandYsignalsisthedefinitivefactorinidentifyingthedirectionofthe
16
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
crash.TheairbagsensorsintheB-pillarassistwiththeidentificationoffront-end,side-onandrear-
endcrashes.TheB-pillarairbagsensorsontheleftandrightareofidenticaldesignandareallocated
bywayofmechanicalcodingduringinstallation.
F10Lateralandlongitudinalaccelerationsensor,B-pillar
5.2.2.Airbagsensor,frontdoor(pressure)
Thepurposeoftheairbagsensorsinthefrontdoorsistoassistwithidentifyingside-oncrashes.Inad-
ditiontothehighlateralaccelerationvaluesthatarepresent,thepressureinthedoorcavityalsoin-
creasesintheeventofaside-oncrash.
Theairbagsensorsinthefrontdoorsservetoverifytheplausibilityoftheaccelerationsignalsfromthe
B-pillarairbagsensorsandtheICMwhenasidecrashisdetected.Theairbagsensorsaresituatedin
theinnerdoorpanelofthefrontdoorsandmeasuretheincreaseinpressureintheeventofasidecol-
lision.Intheeventofasidecollisionwiththedoor,theouterdoorpanelispressedinward,thusreduc-
ingthedoorinteriorandincreasingthepressure.Thispressurechangeismeasuredbytheairbagsen-
sors.Theairbagsensoralsoincludeselectronics,inadditiontothepressuresensor,thatdigitizethe
pressurereadingsandtransmitthemcyclicallytotheCrashSafetyModule.Thedataistransferredin
thesamewayastheB-pillarairbagsensors.ThepressurereadingsareevaluatedintheCrashSafety
Module.
17
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
F25Airbagsensor,frontdoor(pressure)
5.2.3.Frontsensor
Twofrontsensorsareinstalledinthefrontareaoftheenginesupport.Themeasuredvaluesarefor-
wardedtotheCrashSafetyModulewheretheyareevaluated.
Thesensorsinthefrontareaofthesidememberontheleftandrightassistwithidentificationofa
front-endcrash.
Theydeliveradditionalinformationtothecrashsafetymoduleonthecharacteristicsandseverityof
thecollision.Eachsensorconsistsofanaccelerationsensorforrecordingthedeceleration,signalpro-
cessingtechnologyandanASICfordatatransfer.Themeasuredvaluesaresentintheformofadata
telegramtothecrashsafetymoduleandareusedcalculatethecrashseverity.
18
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
F25Frontsensor,enginesupport
5.2.4.SensorsintheICM
TheICMcontrolunitislocatedcentrallyonthetransmissiontunnel.Inadditiontothedrivingdynamics
controlsensors,theICMintheF25alsoincorporateslongitudinalandlateralaccelerationsensorsfor
crashdetection.ThesensorsintheICMofF25replacethecentralsensorthatwasusedwiththeAC-
SM3.
TheICMisconnectedtotheACSMdirectlyviafourlinesforthepurposeoftransmittinglongitudinal
andlateralaccelerationsensordataalongwithsensordataoftherollratesensorandtheverticalac-
celerationsensors.
ThesensordataoftheICMassiststheACSMwithside-onorfront-endcrashidentificationandroll-
overdetection.
F25ICM
19
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
5.2.5.CISmat
Thecapacitiveinteriorsensingmat(CISmat)isfittedinthefrontpassengerseatinsteadoftheseat
occupancymat.TheCISmatcandetectwhetherthefrontpassengerseatisoccupiedbyanadultora
childinachildseat.Theindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationlightsuptosignaldeac-
tivationofthefrontpassengerfrontandsideairbags.
5.2.6.Seatbeltbuckleswitch
Theseatbeltbuckleswitchesarelocatedintheseatbeltbucklesofthedriverandfrontpassenger
seat.
Theseatbeltbuckleswitchdetectswhethertheseatbeltbuckletongueisintheseatbeltbuckle.The
CrashSafetyModulesuppliespowertothesensorsandperformstheevaluation.
Fromterminal15,theseatbeltbuckleswitchispermanentlymonitoredandusedforthevisualand
acousticseatbeltwarningandalsotodeterminewhichrestraintsystemsaretriggered.
F25Seatbeltbuckleswitch
20
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
5.2.7.Emergencycallbutton
Theemergencycallbuttonislocatedintherooffunctioncenter.
F25Rooffunctioncenterwithemergencycallbutton
5.3.Actuators
ThefollowingactuatorsareinstalledintheF25:
Two-stagedriver'sairbag
Two-stagefrontpassengerairbag
Kneeairbagonleft
Headairbagonleftandright
Sideairbagonfrontleftandright
Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter
Crash-activeheadrestsonfrontleftandright
Safetybatteryterminal.
Inaddition,thefollowingindicatorlightsinformthevehicleoccupantsabouttheconditionofthesafety
systems:
Airbagindicatorlight
Seatbeltwarninglight
Indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation
Thefollowinggraphicshowstheairbagsintheactivatedstate.Dependingonthetypeofcrash,only
specificairbagsareactivated.
21
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
F25Airbags
5.3.1.Driver'sairbag
Thepurposeofthedriver'sairbagistoreducetheriskofinjurytothedriverincombinationwiththe
seatbeltintheeventofafront-endcollision.Thedriver'sairbagislocatedinthesteeringwheelimpact
plate.
Atwo-stagegeneratorisinstalledwhichcanbeusedtoactivatethestageswithatimedifference,de-
pendingontheseverityofthecrashthathasbeendetected.
5.3.2.Frontpassengerairbag
Thepurposeofthefrontpassengerairbagistoreducetheriskofaccidenttothefrontpassenger
intheeventofafront-endcollision.Thefrontpassengerairbagislocatedinthedashboard.When
thefrontpassengerairbagexpands,thedashboardtearsopenatdefinedpoints.Thefrontpassen-
gerairbagopenstowardsthewindscreen,emergesintheupwardsdirectionandissupportedonthe
windscreenanddashboard.
Atwo-stagegeneratorisinstalledinwhichcanbeusedtoactivatethestageswithatimedifference,
dependingontheseverityofthecrashthathasbeendetected.
22
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
F25Frontpassengerairbag
Index Explanation
1 Cover
2 Firststageignitionsquib
3 Housing,airbag
4 Gasgenerator
5 Secondstageignitionsquib
5.3.3.Kneeairbags
Kneeairbagsareusedforthefrontdriverandpassenger.
23
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
F25Kneeairbag
5.3.4.Headairbag
HeadairbagsareinstalledintheF25toprotecttheoccupant'shead.
TheheadairbagextendsfromtheA-pillartotheC-pillarandcoverstheentireareaofthesidewin-
dows.Itexpandsbetweentheoccupantsandsidestructure.
Systemfeatures:
Extendedcoveredareaacrossallfrontandrearsidewindows
Protectionofoccupantsfromglasssplinters
Coveredareafordifferent-sizedoccupantsoptimized.
5.3.5.Sideairbag,front
Aswithallcurrentmodels,thesideairbagatthefrontignitesoutofthefrontseatbackrest.
Thesideairbagsandgasgeneratorsareaccommodatedinaplastichousing,theairbagmodule.This
isinstalledinthefrontseatbackrestandisdisguisedbytherearpanel.
Ifactivated,thesideairbagemergesoutwardsbetweenthebackrestframeandbackrestrearpanel
andspreadsbetweenthesidestructureandoccupant.
Itisimportanttoensurethatnoadditionalseatcoversarefittedastheywouldgreatlyimpairthefunc-
tionofthesideairbag,orevenimmobilizeitaltogether.
24
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
F25Seatwithsideairbag
Index Explanation
1 Sideairbag
5.3.6.Seatbelt
Thefamiliarthree-pointseatbeltsareusedastheseatbeltsystemsintheF25.
F25Seatbelt
25
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
Index Explanation
1 Seatbeltbuckletensioner(notforUS)
2 Sideairbag
3 Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter(USversion)
Automaticreelwithlinearforcelimiter
Intheeventofafront-endorrear-endcrashorrollover,theautomaticreelblockstheextensionofthe
seatbeltinordertorestraintheoccupants.Thebeltforcelimiterlimitstheloadexertedbythebelton
theoccupantsduringtheaccidentandtheairbagsprovidetheremainingrestrainingeffect.Intermsof
theireffecttherefore,theairbagsandseatbeltsarepreciselyharmonizedwithoneanother.Theload
ontheoccupantsisreducedbymeansofreducedbeltforcesandextensivesupportbytheairbag.
Withthelinearsystem,thebeltforceislimitedbythetwistingmotionofatorsionbarspringintheseat
beltinertiareel.
Whenthebeltforcelimiterresponds,theairbagalsoabsorbstheremainingforcesnottakenupbythe
seatbelt.Forthisreason,theairbagandseatbeltarepreciselymatchedtooneanother.
F25Automaticreelwithforcelimitation
26
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
Index Explanation
A Torsionbarspringunstressed
B Torsionbarspringtwisted
Automatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiter
Anautomatictensionerwithlinearmechanicalforcelimiterforthedriverandfrontpassengerisbuilt
intotheF25.Inadditiontoforcelimitationeffectedbyatorsionbarspring,theseatbeltstrapisretract-
edwiththeassistanceofagasgeneratorinordertoreducebeltslackpriortoforwardsdisplacement
oftheoccupant.
Byharmonizingtheindividualpassivesafetycomponents,theseatbeltwithtensioner,forcelimiter
andairbag,thekineticenergyactingontheoccupantsisdissipatedmoreevenlyforthedurationofthe
crash.Thusloweroccupantstressvaluesareachieved.Byusingtheautomatictensionerwithlinear
mechanicalforcelimiterthiseliminatestheneedforanadditionalseatbeltbuckletensioner.
TheautomatictensionerswithlinearmechanicalforcelimiterusedintheF25havebeendeveloped
basedonthesystemusedintheE70.
5.3.7.Crash-activeheadrests,front
TwoversionsareavailablefortheF25,dependingonwhichseatisinstalled.Bothareaheadrestraint
withapyrotechnicactuatorthatoptimizesthedistanceandheightinrelationtotheheadifarear-end
collisionofsufficientforceoccurs.Thisreducestheloadonthecervicalvertebraeintheeventofa
rear-endcollision.Theheadrestraintisactivatedearly,evenpriortobackwardsdisplacementofthe
occupant'shead.
Toprovidethebestpossibledegreeofcomfort,thefrontsectionofthemanuallyadjustableheadre-
straintcanbepulledforwardsorpushedbackwardsbyapproximately30mm.Thesettingismadein
twostages.Thisallowsforthreedifferentpositionsfortheheadrestraintdepthadjustment.
27
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
F25Crash-activeheadrests
Index Explanation
A Drivingposition
B Supportactivated
C Crashposition
1 Support,upperpart
2 Tensionspring
3 Support,lowersectionwithpyrotechnics
28
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
Thecrash-activeheadrestreducestheloadinthecervicalvertebraeintheeventofarear-endcollision.
Forthevehicleoccupantstherefore,correctadjustmentoftheheadrestraintandthedistanceofthe
headfromtheheadrestraintisofcrucialimportance.
Intheeventofarear-endcollision,thecrash-activeheadrestreducesthedistancebetweenthehead
andtheheadrestraintbeforetheoccupantsaredisplacedbackwards.Thisreducesthedangerofin-
jurytothecervicalvertebrae,evenifaminoraccidentoccurs.
Ifthecrash-activeheadrestshavebeentriggered,thepyrotechnicactuatorsmustbereplacedinthe
workshop.Inthiscasepleasealwaysrefertotherepairinstructions.
Seatorheadrestraintcoversand/oraccessoriesthatcouldimpairtheprotectiveeffectmustnotbe
mountedontheheadrestraints.
5.3.8.Safetybatteryterminal
ThesafetybatteryterminalistriggeredatdifferentthresholdswhentheCrashSafetyModuledetects
afront-end,side-onorrear-endcrashofsufficientseverity.Theconnectionlinebetweenthebattery
andstartermotor/alternatorandpositivebatteryconnectionpointisthenseveredbymeansofpy-
rotechnics.Thesafetybatteryterminalislocateddirectlyatthepositiveterminalofthebattery.
Eventhoughthesafetybatteryterminalhasbeenexplosivelysevered,avoltagesupplytoallsafe-
ty-relevantconsumerssuchashazardwarningflashers,interiorlightandtelephoneisstillensured.
F25Safetybatteryterminal
29
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
5.3.9.Airbagindicatorlight
TheairbagindicatorlightislocatedontheinstrumentpanelTheairbagindicatorlightlightsupthen
goesoutduringthepre-drivechecktosignalreadinessoftheCrashSafetyModuleandpassivesafe-
tysystems.TheairbagindicatorlightiscontrolledviaamessageonthePT-CANfromtheCrashSafe-
tyModuletotheinstrumentpanel.Theinstrumentpanelreceivesamessagecyclically.Ifthemessage
remainsoff,theairbagindicatorlightisactivated.
F25Airbagindicatorlight(exampleshowshighversionofinstrumentpanel)
5.3.10.Seatbeltwarninglight
Avisualandaudiblewarningisissuediftheseatbeltisnotfastenedorisunbuckledwhenthevehicle
isinmotion.
F25Seatbeltwarninglight(exampleshowshighversionofinstrumentpanel)
5.3.11.Indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation
TheindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationintheF25isintherooffunctioncenter.The
indicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationisactivatediftheCISmatdetectsasmallchildin
achildseatorifthefrontpassengerseatisnotoccupied.
30
F25PassiveSafetySystems
5.SystemComponents
Thebrightnessoftheindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivationiscontrolledviatheauto-
maticbrightnesscontrolofthedisplayillumination.
F25Rooffunctioncenterwithindicatorlampforfrontpassengerairbagdeactivation
31
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