Significance of the Study

This research could contribute and extend its benefits into certain individual or groups such as:

Small business owners. This product will help entrepreneurs in the field of creating concrete hollow blocks because
instead of using three different sizes of molders to make three different sizes of hollow blocks, it is possible to use only
one molder with the ability to create three different sizes of CHB. So instead of buying three molders, you can only buy
one, which will save you more money.

Man Power. In making concrete hollow blocks (CHB) it is not easy especially if there are many to be made and
especially when different sizes are to be made. So, with the help of the researcher’s invention, it can ease the work and
it also makes production time easier which is very important for the workers.

Construction Company. This researcher’s invention would help the construction company in making concrete hollow
blocks in an easiest and safety way and assure their hollow block durability. It also gives a multiple production of
hollow block and sustain the different sizes that could possibly need for their projects. This invention needs for the
construction company in order to save cost in hollow blocks they will result more profits in contracted projects.
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related readings, related literatures and related studies for the study.

Related Literatures
This project report deals with the design and development of an improved hollow concrete block making machine. The
machine lays a particular number of blocks over the platform and moves further to lay another set of blocks, so as to
cover the casting platform, in a continuous casting process. This study attempts to solve the problems encountered on
the existing hollow concrete block making machine by improving the design of basic components, increasing
production rate and minimizing damages of uncured blocks during transfer. The design is based on data from
literature review about Concrete in building construction, Concrete block machine developmental stage, how concrete
block making machine works and manual calculation. To meet the objective based on the design principles several
component mechanisms are improved and analytical design analysis, part drawings and assembling drawing are also
done.
(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341870331_Design_Analysis_and_Development_of_Improved_Hollow_Con
crete_Block_Making_Machine)

Haomei are specialized in manufacturing block making machine, brick making machine, block machine and bricks
machine with automatic control. The concrete block and brick machine can produce solid, hollow, fly ash, concrete,
cement, interlocking, paver blocks and bricks (http://www.concrete-mix-plant.com/block-making-machine/?
gclid=Cj0KCQjw54iXBhCXARIsADWpsG9XwFPFG30zBwKdfxKpaZNGl0cE0aQTB7tQVwR1NIw9kRiDiF1pePYaAh8aEA
Lw_wcB).

Concrete hollow block machine in Philippines can be called for short CHB machine. The concrete hollow block
machine specialized for producing concrete hollow blocks (CHB). The size of CHB in Philippines usually is 8’, 6’, 5’, 4
inch. The CHB machine can be automatic and manual, mobile type. We have models LMT4-26, LMT4-35, LMT4-40,
QT3-20, QT4-25C, QT4-18, QT4-15, QT6-15 concrete hollow block machine for sale. (https://www.block-
machine.net/hollow-block-machine-philippines/)

This research investigated and compared the strength of manual with machine compacted sandcrete hollow blocks
using Dangote and Elephant (Ordinary Portland) cement brands in Nigeria. Thirty two (32) samples were moulded
from the two brands of cement i.e. sixteen (16) from each cement brand for both manual and machine compaction
methods and were cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28days respectively. The result revealed that the 28th day average
compressive strength of the block produced manually with the Dangote and Elephant brands of cement were
2.83N/mm2 and 2.89N/mm2 respectively, while the 28th day average compressive strength of machine compacted
blocks from Dangote and Elephants brands of cement were 2.96N/mm2 and 3.03N/mm2 respectively. This result
revealed that machine compacted blocks have a higher compressive strength than the manually compacted blocks.
The result obtained for all the samples of the sandcrete blocks were within the Nigeria Industrial standard (NIS
87:2000) specification. (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Odeyemi-Samson-O/publication/
280298039_Compressive_strength_of_manual_and_machine_compacted_sandcrete_hollow_blocks_produced_from_bra
nds_of_Nigerian_cement/links/55affff608aeb0ab466983f3/Compressive-strength-of-manual-and-machine-
compacted-sandcrete-hollow-blocks-produced-from-brands-of-Nigerian-cement.pdf)

Plastics are non-biodegradable and the increasing generation of plastics creates a problem of disposal. One promising
approach to address this problem is to find other uses for plastics after they are used. While studies on the
incorporation of waste materials in concrete abound, little attention has been given to the incorporation of plastic
wastes in concrete. Also, these few studies have focused on cylindrical concrete specimens – none in online published
articles, to the authors’ knowledge, has focused on concrete hollow blocks. The present study narrowed that gap by
shifting the focus of research from the conventional cylindrical specimen to concrete hollow block. Thus, the main
objective of the study was to assess the potential of concrete hollow blocks with PP pellets as partial replacement for
sand. Polypropylene (PP), which is a subset of these plastics, were pelletized and incorporated in concrete hollow
blocks as partial replacement for sand. Five batches of specimens, each with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% PP
replacement (by volume) were molded and cured for 28 days. The compressive strength and bulk density of the
specimens from these batches were determined and compared. Results showed that, generally, compressive strength
and bulk density decrease as percent replacement increases; however, it was observed that the compressive strength
of the specimens from batch with 10% PP replacement were higher compared to batches with 0% PP replacement.
(https://www.civilejournal.org/index.php/cej/article/view/459)
Related Studies

MOLD FOR, MAKING HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS

Application August 11, 1948" Serial No. 43,700 3 Claims. (Cl. 25-41) I This invention relates generally to the art of
fabricating building materials out of concrete and particularly to a mold for making hollow concrete blocks. The main
object of this invention is to construct a mold especially adapted for the making of concrete blocks, the details of
which are set forth in my pending application, Serial No. 23,161, filed April 26, 1948. The second object is to provide a
block forming mold or attachment for existing machines, whereby a number of different forms of my special block may
be produced. I accomplish these and other objects in the manner set forth in the following specification as illustrated
in the accompanying drawings, in which Mg. I is a vertical section through the mold, showing the concrete mixture in
place for making a form of block having a bottom recess.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW CONCRETE BUILDING-BLOCKS

Having thus described my invention and the operation thereof, what I desire to secure. by Letters Patent, isIn a
hollow- building-block machine an upright supporting-frame having a removable top plate provided with vertical core-
openings; means for adjusting the cores horizontally; means for actuating the said cores consisting of a longitudinally
-slotted plate on which the cores are adjustably mounted; a bracket supporting the said plate, and adapted for a
vertical guided reciprocation in the frame, levers pivotally connected to the said lic bracket, and fulcrumed on pendent
pivoted arms, and an operating-handle for said levers; and a: mold formed of hinged and pivoted sections removably
mounted on said table.

CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK PRECASTING MACHINE

In order to solve the problem that the existing concrete prefabrication has the problems of time and labor, high cost
and low efficiency, the utility model provides a concrete hollow block prefabrication machine.
The utility model is realized by the following technical solutions: a concrete hollow block prefabrication machine,
comprising a frame with a walking wheel at the bottom and a hook fixed at the top, and an inverted U-shaped
pressing rod is hinged on the left and right sides of the frame, and the frame is The left and right sides are fixed with
corresponding position guiding columns, and each guiding column is provided with an upper guiding sleeve and a
lower guiding sleeve, and a concrete steel plate fixed with a hollow block groove in the middle is arranged between the
two lower guiding sleeves, concrete The lower end surface of the steel plate is fixed with a hollow block outer mold
located at the hollow block groove, and one side of the outer block of the hollow block is provided with a hollow block
vibrator fixed to the concrete steel plate, and the connecting rod I is hinged on both lower guide sleeves, and the two
connecting rods are connected The other end of the I is hinged with a connecting rod II at both ends of the
corresponding pressing rod, and a platform frame fixed with the two is arranged between the two upper guiding
sleeves, and the platform frame is provided with a top mold platform which is slid back and forth thereon, the top
mold The upper end surface of the platform is provided with a platform vibrator and a hanging rod connected with the
hook. The lower end surface of the top mold platform is fixed with a top rod, and the lower end of the top rod is fixed
with a hollow block top plate corresponding to the position of the hollow block groove.
In the prefabrication process, firstly, the pressing rod is pressed down, and under the action of the connecting rod II
and the connecting rod I, the lower guiding sleeve is synchronously moved up to the contact on the guiding column
and drives the upper guiding sleeve to move up, and the hanging rod is moved up to the hook connection. Then, the
upper pressing rod is moved up to move the lower guiding sleeve downward, thereby driving the outer mold of the
hollow block to move down to contact the ground. At this time, concrete is injected from the hollow block groove of the
concrete steel plate, and the hollow block vibrator is opened for vibration, and is continuously supplemented. The
concrete to concrete no longer sinks, then slide the top mold platform back and forth until the hanging rod and the
hook are disengaged, adjust the front and rear position of the top mold platform and then move down to the hollow
block top plate in the hollow block groove and press the concrete surface to open the platform vibrator After vibrating
to the concrete compaction, the platform vibrator is closed, and the upper pressing bar separates the vibrating
concrete hollow block from the outer mold, pushing the equipment forward to enter the next prefabrication
construction process, overcoming the existing concrete prefabrication time-consuming Laborious, costly and
inefficient.
The utility model has reasonable and reliable structural design, saves cost, reduces construction personnel input,
saves construction efficiency effectively, and improves the pre-fabrication effect from the concrete into the mold to the
preform forming once, ensuring the construction. Speed and quality, with the advantages of simple structure and
convenient operation.

CONCRETE-BLOCK MACHINE.

CONCRETE-BLOCK MACHINE
Application filed March 18, 1922.Serial No. 544,71L To all whom it may conmrn:, Be it known that L RoBrRT S.
C01100N, a citizen of the United States, residing at Orlando, in the county of Oranqe and 'tate of Florida, have
invented certain new and useful Improvements in Concrete-Block Maebines, of -which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to concrete block machines and has for. one of its objects the provision of simple and efficient
means for striking off the top of the material in the form. A further object is the pr.o6sion of simple and efficient
means for using the material struck, off from the top of one block for, use in, formino, the next block. Another object
is the provision of simple and efficient means for maintaining the parts 20, of the form or mold in rigid positions
during the forming of the block. Another object is the provision of simple and. efficient means for. closing the core
open7 inu in the block when it is desired to form SOlid, blocks. Another object is the provision of mean-, for
automatically locl6ng the sides, of the mold -upon moving the cores to operative positions. Other objects -will appear
hereinafter.

LIGHT -DUTY CONCRETE BLOCK MOULDING MACHINE

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a lightweight concrete block forming
machine to solve the problem that the prior art cannot detect the residual material in the storage barrel, and cannot
know when the remaining material is insufficient. The resulting block will be uneven in shape, causing waste of
resources and reducing the efficiency of the production.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model is realized by the following technical solution: a light concrete
block forming machine, the structure thereof comprises a transmission wheel, an upper roof plate, an outer frame, a
connecting shaft, a storage barrel, a block core, a hydraulic rod, a template, a bottom plate, a support bottom plate, a
residual material recovery tray, an alarm light, an infrared detector, the transmission wheel is horizontally fixed above
the upper top plate and is connected to the connecting shaft through a chain, and the upper top plate is welded to the
outer frame Above, the support bottom plate is disposed at the bottom of the outer frame and adopts an interference
fit, and the warning light glue is connected to the left end of the upper top plate surface, and the block core is
horizontally fixed under the storage bucket and adopts a gap Cooperating, the hydraulic rod is provided with two and
welded to the left and right ends of the outer frame, and both ends of the block core are movably connected with the
hydraulic rod through a bearing, and the template is installed above the residual material recovery tray and The outer
frame is welded together, the infrared detector is disposed inside the storage bucket and electrically connected to the
transmission wheel through a connecting shaft, and the infrared detector is provided with Fresnel a light lens, an
infrared ray emitter, a FET tube, a circuit board, a casing, a lead, the pin is provided with two and soldered to the
bottom of the casing, and the Fresnel filter lens glue is connected above the inside of the casing, The infrared emitter
is horizontally fixed below the Fresnel filter lens and is fitted with a gap fit, the FET tube being mounted below the
infrared emitter and electrically connected, the circuit board being electrically connected below the FET tube, The pin
is electrically connected to the warning lamp via a wire.