Autacoids e the substances produced by wide variety of cells that act locally at the site uction. Autacoidls are classified as of Prostaglandins Loukatriones Platelet activating factor * Bradykinin * Angiotensin * Kalin (] HISTAMINE ‘stamine is synthesized from histidine and is stored within the storage granules of mast cells. .cts mainly on Hi, and H, receptors. Recently H, (presynaptic) and H, receptors have also n isolated. eee i eeaiaaialae Histamine is synthesized fe istine ACTIONS. + Itcauses dilation of small blood vessels and can resultin flushing and hypotension. F inblood pressure is mediated by both H, (ary; by release of NO) as well as H, (delayed «and persistent; direct action on smooth muscles of blood vessels) receptors. + Ttincreases capillary permeability and result inedema through stimulation of H, receptors. oi * Intradermal injection may result in triple response consisting of red reaction (due to Histamine induced ta in Baad ‘asoilation), wheal (exudation of uid due to increased permeability) ard fle | pessre 6 meio by bat Hy (epreading redness due fo axon reflex). It is primarily an H, response. (Carty) as wel as H. (Selayed and «EP tEecpee lion hn neue derobp (acres AV conduct) i POSERURSON whereas H, stimulation increases the force of contraction of isolated heart. Effect on intact heart is not prominent. + Histamine isa powerful contractor of visceral smooth muscles through H, receptors and results in bronchoconstrition and abdominal cramps + Histamine increases gastric secretion by stimulation of H receptors + Itstimulates nerve endings and may result in prurtis and pain + Histamine synthesized within the brain stimulates reticular actiontng system and maintains wakefulness (through TH, receptors). + Hi receptors are presynaptic in location andl inhibit the release of histamine Inverse agonist or antagonist of these receptors may increase histamine leading to veakefulnes Pitlisant iprolisan) is sucha drug approved for Narcolepay. 5 + Hreceptors are present in hematopoietic cells ke eosinophils, basophils and mast | Iaderma njecion of histamine cells, These promote chemotaxis. Antagonists of these receptors are being developed | Ty. fra" Wple response beck = * Red reaction (due to Eg ianerrim sal het ibe fngerenciniy aan reactions ‘+ Wheal (exudation of fluid due a in Meniere's | '@lnereased permeabiity) istamine analogue used fo control vertigo in Mi || + Flare (spreading redness dve % Betahistine is an oral disease & Some basic drugs like d-tubocurarine, morphine atropine, vancomycin and polymyxin Bete may result in histamine relense