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Inverse Laplace Transform: L (F (T) ) F(S)
Inverse Laplace Transform: L (F (T) ) F(S)
So far, we have dealt with the problem of finding the Laplace transform for a given
function f(t), t > 0,
" !st
L{f(t)} = F(s) = #
0
e f(t)dt
Now, we want to consider the inverse problem, given a function F(s), we want to find the
function f(t) whose Laplace transform is F(s).
We introduce the notation
L-1{F(s)} = f(t)
to denote such a function f(t), and it is called the inverse Laplace transform of F.
A crude, but sometimes effective method for finding inverse Laplace transform is to
construct the table of Laplace transforms and then use it in reverse to find the inverse
transform.
Example:
1) Since L{1} = 1/s, then L-1{1/s} = 1
2) Since L{t} = 1/s2 , then L-1{1/s2} = t
s s
3) Since L{cos at} = 2 , then L-1{ 2 } = cos at
s +a 2
s + a2
Example:
4 3
L-1{ ! 2 } = 4 L-1{1/s } - 3 L-1{1/s2} = 4 3t.
s s
2) Inverse Translation Property
Given F(s) = L{f(t)}, since L{eatf(t)} = F(s a),
L-1{F(s a)} = eatf(t) = eat L-1{F(s)}
Example:
15
1) Find L-1{ }
s + 4s + 13
2
15 15 15 3(5)
L-1{ } = L-1
{ } = L-1
{ } = L-1
{ }
s 2 + 4s + 13 s 2 + 4s + 4 + 9 s 2 + 4s + 4 + 9( )
(s + 2 )2 + 33
3 3 3
= 5 L-1{ } = 5 L-1{ } = 5 e-2t L-1{ } = 5 e-2t sin 3t
(s + 2 ) 2
+3 3
(s ! (!2)) 2
+3
3
s + 32
2
s +1
2) Find L-1{ }
s 2 + 6s + 25
s +1 s +1 s +1
L-1{ } = L-1{ 2 } = L-1{ 2 }=
s + 6s + 25
2
s + 6s + 9 + 16 s + 6s + 9 + 16 ( )
L-1{
(s + 3) ! 2 } = L-1{ s + 3 } - L-1{ 2
} = e-3t
L-1
{
s
}
(s + 3) + 4 2
2
(s + 3) + 4 2
2
(s + 3) + 4 2
2
s + 42
2
2(2)
e-3t L-1{ } = e-3t[cos 4t sin 4t]
s +4
2 2
1
3) Find L-1{ }.
s +s3
1 1
L-1{ } = L-1{ 2 }
s +s
3
s s +1 ( )
Lets use partial fractions
1 A Bs + C As 2 + A + Bs2 + Cs
= + 2 =
(
s s2 + 1 )
s s +1 s s2 + 1 ( )
2
then, 1 = (A + B)s + Cs + A
A = 1, C = 0 , A + B = 0, B = -1
1 1 s 1 s
L-1{ 2 }= L-1{ ! 2 } = L-1{ } - L-1{ 2 } = 1 cos t
(
s s +1 ) s s +1 s s +1
3) Inverse Shifting Property
Since L{ua(t) f(t a)}= e-as L{f(t)} = e-as F(s),
then L-1{ e-as F(s)} = ua(t) f(t a)
Example:
4 3e !3s e !7s
1) Find L-1{ ! !2 }
s s s
4 3e !3s e !7s 1 1 1
L-1{ ! !2 } = 4 L-1{ } -3 L-1{ e !3s } - 2 L-1{ e !7s } = 4 3u3(t) f(t 3)
s s s s s s
1
2u7(t) f(t 7) where f(t) = L-1{ } = 1.
s
" 4 ! 0 ! 0!if!0 < t < 3 " 4!if!0 < t < 3
-1 4 3e !3s e !7s $ $
L { ! !2 } = 4 3u3(t) 2u7(t) = # 4 ! 3 ! 0!if!3 < t < 7 = # 1!if!3 < t < 7
s s s $ 4 ! 3 ! 2!if!t > 7 $ !1!if!t > 7
% %
" 2 5%
2) Find L-1{ e !4s $ 2 ! ' }
#s s&
2 5
Since F(s) = 2 !
s s
2 5 1 1
L-1{F(s)} = L-1{ 2 ! } = 2 L-1{ 2 } - 5 L-1{ } = 2t - 5 = f(t)
s s s s
Now,
" 2 5%
L-1{ e !4s $ 2 ! ' }= L-1{e-4s F(s)} = u4(t) f(t 4) = u4(t) [2(t 4) -5] = u4(t) [2t 13] =
#s s&
" 0!if!0 < t < 4
#
$2t ! 13!if!t > 4
Definition: Let f(t) and g(t) be two piecewise continuous functions on [0, b] and of
exponential order with constant a. We call convolution of the functions f and g and
denote it by f g to the integral
t
f ! g(t) = $0 f(")g(t # ")d"
the integral is known as the convolution integral.
Properties:
1) Commutative:
f g = gf
Proof:
t
Since f ! g(t) = $0 f(")g(t # ")d" ,
Make the substitution u = t - , then = t u.
Since 0 < < t, then t < u < 0 and d = -du,
so
2) Distributive:
f (g + k) = fg + fk
3) Associative:
(f g)k = f(gk)
f 0 = 0f = 0
Remark : f 1 f
If f(t) = cos t, then
t
f !1(t) = $0 cos(t " #)!1!d# = !" sin(t " #) 0 = " sin 0 + sin t = sin t % f(t)
t
"0 g(!)f ( t # ! ) d!
t t
L-1{F(s)G(s)} = f ! g(t) = $0 f(")g(t # ")d" =
Example:
1)
1 1 s
L-1{ 2 }= L-1{ ! 2 } = fg = gf
(
s s +1 )
s s +1
1 1
Since L-1{ } = 1 and L-1{ 2 } = sin t
s s +1
1
f ! g(t) = $0 sin!"!d" = # cos " 0 = 1 # cos t
t
1 1 1
2) L-1{ }= L-1{ " } = fg = gf
s ! s ! 12
2
s!4 s+3
1 1 1 1
Since L-1{ } = e4t L-1{ } = e4t1 and L-1{ } = e-3t L-1{ } = e-3t1
s!4 s s+3 s
"7# "7t
t 4(t"#) "3# t 4 t "4# "3# 4 t t "7# 4t e 4t % e 1(
f ! g(t) = $ e e d# = $ e e e d# = e $ e d# = e t
0 =e ' + *=
0 0 0 "7 & "7 7 )
e 4 t e "3t
"
7 7