FLUENT IC Tut 01 - Hybrid Approach PDF

Tutorial: IC Simulation for Canted Valve Engine Using
Hybrid Approach
Introduction
Two approaches are employed in ANSYS FLUENT to solve in-cylinder (IC) problems,
namely, hybrid approach and layering approach. The layering approach is used for en-
gines with vertical valves like most diesel engines, while the hybrid approach is typically
used for engines with canted valves like most spark ignited (SI) engines.
For either approach mentioned above, IC problems solved in ANSYS FLUENT consist of
three stages.
1. Decompose the geometry into different zones and mesh them properly. By breaking up
the model into different zones, it is possible to apply different mesh motion strategies
to different regions in a single simulation.
2. Set up the engine case in ANSYS FLUENT with the help of a setup journal.
3. Perform a transient IC simulation.
In this tutorial setup and simulation process is explained for the hybrid approach. A similar
tutorial, IC Simulation for Vertical Valve Engine Using Layering Approach, exists for the
layering approach.
This tutorial demonstrates:
1. Procedure to setup IC flow problem using journal file: The journal file automatically
sets up the necessary motions for valves and piston, along with solution parameter
which suit the IC simulation best. Journal file allows you to set up an IC simulation
with all the best practices built-in, without learning the dynamic mesh capability.
This is made possible through the correct decomposition and zone name matching.
Appendix A contains a sketch of the decomposition and the corresponding zone names.
2. Procedure to solve the cold flow simulation: This tutorial makes use of a In-Cylinder
Output Controls to calculate swirl and tumble ratio.

c ANSYS, Inc. April 22, 2011 1
Tutorial: IC Simulation for Canted Valve Engine Using Hybrid Approach
The limitations of the journal are:
1. The journal is applicable only for ANSYS FLUENT.
2. The journal cannot be used for 2D geometry.
The journal can automatically set up the following for an IC case:
1. All necessary dynamic zones for the valve motion.
2. All necessary dynamic zones for the piston motion.
3. Boundary conditions for all interior and interface zones related to valves or piston
motion but NOT inlets, outlets, symmetry, or combustion models etc.
4. All solver settings in first order. You may need to change it to second order for greater
accuracy.
5. Events to open and close valves.
6. Events to change the under-relaxation factors (URF)s.
7. Events to change the time step size.
8. Solver parameters based on experience of the engineers at ANSYS FLUENT.
Note: Due to different file format between Windows and UNIX, if you use UNIX you may
need to use dos2unix or dos2ux command to change the format for all *.scm and
*.par files that come with the tutorial. You could also try to use a text editor to open
the files and then save it. Otherwise, you may not be able to load the scheme file and
the *.par file may not read correctly.
Prerequisites
This tutorial is written with the assumption that you have completed Tutorial 1, and that
you are familiar with the ANSYS FLUENT navigation pane and menu structure. Some steps
in the setup and solution procedure will not be shown explicitly.
Problem Description
This tutorial considers a 3D symmetric geometry of a IC engine cylinder configuration.
Case setup is performed using a scheme file that automatically sets up necessary motions
for valves and pistons along with solution parameters found to be best suit for the in-cylinder
simulation.
2
c ANSYS, Inc. April 22, 2011
Figure 1: Geometry Decomposition
Setup and Solution
Preparation
1. Copy the files, (IC tutorial II.msh.gz. valve.prof, R 13 IC scheme-set-4.scm,

and IC-motion-parameters.par) to your working folder.
2. Use FLUENT Launcher to start the (3D) version of ANSYS FLUENT.

For more information about FLUENT Launcher refer to Section 1.1.2 in the ANSYS
FLUENT 13.0 Users Guide.
3. Enable Double-Precision in the Display Options list.
4. Click the Environment tab and ensure that Setup Compilation Environment for UDF is
enabled.
The path to the .bat file which is required to compile the UDF will be displayed as
soon as you enable Setup Compilation Environment for UDF.
If the Environment tab does not appear in the FLUENT Launcher dialog box by default,
click the Show More Options button to view the additional settings.
Note: The Display Options are enabled by default. Therefore, after you read in the
mesh, it will be displayed in the embedded graphics window.

Step 1: Mesh
1. Read the mesh file, IC tutorial II.msh.gz.

File Read Mesh...
As ANSYS FLUENT reads the mesh file, messages will appear in the console reporting
the progress of the conversion.
2. Rotate and zoom the display to obtain the view as shown in Figure 2
Figure 2: Mesh Display
Note: The case has a symmetric plane. Use of symmetry helps reduce cell count by a factor
of two and thus greatly reduce the run time.
Layering is used for lower combustion chamber and the valve seat, to reduce cell count
and to properly resolve the flow. Tetrahedral mesh is used in the upper combustion
chamber and ports to facilitate the setup.
The mesh must have the correct decomposition and names before using the journal
to automatically set up the case. Figure 1 shows the geometry decomposition. In
Appendix A, a sketch of the decomposition and the corresponding names are provided
for quick reference.
4
Step 2: General Settings
1. Check the mesh.

General Check
ANSYS FLUENT will perform various checks on the mesh and report the progress in
the console. Make sure that the minimum volume reported is a positive number.
Warnings will be displayed regarding unassigned interface zones, resulting in the failure
of the mesh check. You do not need to take any action at this point, as this issue will
be rectified when you define the mesh interfaces in a later step.
2. Scale the mesh.

General Scale...
Retain the default settings for this tutorial,as the mesh is already scaled properly. But
otherwise this is a very important step. Since the meshing parameters are determined
from the initial mesh, it is imperative to properly scale the mesh.
3. Read the valve profile file.

File Read Profile...
(a) Select valve.prof from the Select File dialog box and click OK.
This file contains valve lift information. Refer to ANSYS FLUENT Users Guide
for the format of this profile.
Note: The following message will appear after reading the profile. This means that
two profiles, i.e., ex-valve and in-valve, have been read in. The profile names
will be required for the valve setup at a later stage.
Reading profiles file...

141 "ex-valve" point-profile points, angle, lift.
140 "in-valve" point-profile points, angle, lift.
4. Load the scheme file.

File Read Scheme...
(a) Select R 13 IC scheme-set-4.scm from the Select File dialog box and click OK.
5. IC setup.
Define User-Defined In-Cylinder Mesh Motion Setup...

Note: The IC Setup dialog box contains some default values. You will not use these
parameters as they are problem dependent. Instead, you have to read a parameter
file.
(a) Click Read at the bottom of the dialog box and read the input parameter file
IC-motion-parameters.par.
The file contains all the engine parameters and parameters required for valves
motion and piston motion setup. You could also enter the parameters directly in
the dialog box.
Note: You can use the Write button to write out the parameter files for later
use. The IC-motion-parameters.par provided was written out by this after
manually entering those numbers. The parameter file is text file that can be
edited easily using any text editor. The parameters are put in the file in an
order that is similar to the dialog box.
(b) Click OK.
The journal will automatically set up mesh motion for the intake valve, exhaust
valve, and piston. This automation is achieved through correct decomposition
and zone name matching. If the names of the zones are incorrect, the case will
not be setup and you will be notified about the zones for which the names are not
matched. The scheme file will automatically select Standard k-e as the turbulence
model.
Note: The explanation of the parameters is in Appendix B. For this tutorial,
piston type1 is used. More details on different type of pistons are explained
in Appendix C.
6
6. Examine the profile. See Figure 3.

(a) Enter the following command to display the valve profile:
/define/dynamic-mesh/controls/icp/ppl ex-valve in-valve () 0 720 10
y
Figure 3: IC Valve Profile
Note: In convention with ANSYS FLUENT, the 0 crank angle (CA) is at top
dead center (TDC) after compression. So, at 0 CA both intake and exhaust
valves are closed as shown in Figure 3. If in your convention, 0 CA is at
TDC after power stroke, you will need to shift your profile.

Step 3: Models
1. Specify the turbulence model.

Models Viscous Edit...
Journal will automatically select Standard k-epsilon turbulence model and use default
values as shown in the dialog box.
2. Close the Viscous Model dialog box.
8
Step 4: Zone Motion Preview

Zone motion preview will translate moving zones, without solving any mesh or flow equa-
tions. This helps to quickly check valve profile and axis definition, that you put into the
IC Setup dialog box. If any of them is wrong, then your zone motion will not look correct.
For instance, if you use (0 0 1) as your piston motion axis (which should be (0 1 0)), then
during zone motion, the piston will move in the z direction instead of y direction.
1. Set up mesh display.

General Display
2. Perform a zone motion preview.

Dynamic Mesh Display Zone Motion...
(a) Click Integrate.

(b) Click Preview.
(c) Close the Zone Motion dialog box.

3. Write out a case file, IC tutorial II CA000.cas.gz

File Write Case...
The mesh is at TDC, i.e., CA 0.
Step 5: Mesh Motion Preview

A full 720 degree of mesh motion may not be necessary. But it is necessary to move the
mesh to the simulation starting CA that is normally a few degrees before intake valve open
at TDC. In this case, CA 344 is the starting point of the simulation because the intake valve
opens at CA 349.
1. Perform a mesh motion preview.

Dynamic Mesh Preview Mesh Motion...
(a) Enter 1396 for Number of Time Steps.

This amounts to 344 degrees. Since non-constant time step size is used, 1376 =
(4X344) steps of mesh motion, corresponds only to 339 degrees.
(b) Enable from Options group box, Enable Autosave.
i. Enter 180 for Save Case File Every (Time Steps).

ii. Click OK to close the Autosave Case During Mesh Motion Preview dialog box.
Autosave helps identifying mesh motion problems if the mesh motion fails.
10
You can also enable Display Mesh and Save Picture, to save the pictures of
the mesh at specified Display Frequency for creating a mesh motion animation
later.
(c) Click Apply.
(d) Click Preview.
Note: Mesh motion for this tutorial case takes about one hour on serial Windows
XP 3.19GHz machine.
(e) Close the Mesh Motion dialog box.
Step 6: Boundary Conditions
Boundary Conditions
1. Specify the inlet boundary conditions.

Boundary Conditions inlet Edit...
(a) Select Intensity and Hydraulic Diameter from the Specification Method drop-down
list in the Turbulence group box.
(b) Enter 5 % for Turbulent Intensity.
(c) Enter 0.03 m for the Hydraulic Diameter.
(d) Ensure that in the Thermal tab Total temperature is 300.
(e) Click OK to close the Pressure Inlet dialog box.
2. Specify the outlet boundary conditions.

Boundary Conditions outlet Edit...
(a) Select Intensity and Hydraulic Diameter from the Specification Method drop-down
list in the Turbulence group box.
(b) Enter 8 % for Backflow Turbulent Intensity.
(c) Enter 0.03 m for the Backflow Hydraulic Diameter.
(d) Ensure that in the Thermal tab Total temperature is 300.
(e) Click OK to close the Pressure Outlet dialog box.
3. Make sure the boundaries with name symm-(except symmetry-bowl) have symmetry
boundary condition.
There is no need to specify boundary conditions for other face zones. Those will be
automatically setup by the scheme.
4. Write out a case file, IC tutorial II CA344.cas.gz.

File Write Case...

Step 7: Dynamic Mesh

In the In-Cylinder Output Controls dialog box, you can specify various quantities needed
for the calculation of swirl and tumble along with the frequency of writing the output, to
the chosen file. Swirl is used to describe circulation about the cylinder axis. Tumble flow
circulates around an axis perpendicular to the cylinder axis, orthogonal to swirl flow.
Dynamic Mesh
1. Click on Settings... in Options group box.
2. In the Options dialog box click In-Cylinder tab.
3. Enable Write In-Cylinder Output and click Output Controls....
(a) In the In-Cylinder Output Controls dialog box, set In-Cylinder Data Write Frequency
to 1.
(b) Ensure center of gravity is selected from Swirl Center Method.
(c) From the Cell Zones list select fluid-ch and fluid-piston-layer.
(d) Set X, Y, Z from Swirl Axis to 0, 0, 1 respectively.
(e) Set X, Y, Z from Tumble X-Axis to 1, 0, 0 respectively.
(f) Set X, Y, Z from Tumble Y-Axis to 0, 1, 0 respectively.
(g) Enter ic-hybrid.txt for File Name.
(h) Click OK.
12
4. Click OK in the In-Cylinder Settings dialog box to close it.
Step 8: Solution
1. Initialize the flow.

Solution Initialization Initialize
2. Create a velocity magnitude contour plot.

(a) Create an iso surface.
Surface Iso-Surface...
i. Select Mesh... and Y-Coordinate from the list of Surface of Constant.

ii. Enter 0.02 for Iso-Values.
iii. Enter y=.02 for New Surface Name.
iv. Click Compute and then Create.
v. Close the Iso-Surface dialog box.
(b) Check ID of iso surface.
Surface Manage...

In this case, it is 55. This ID will be needed later for contour plot.
(c) Display iso surface.
Graphics and Animations Mesh Set Up...
i. Deselect all from the list of Surfaces.
ii. Select y=.02 and click Display.
iii. Close the Mesh Display dialog box.
Figure 4: Iso Surface View
14
(d) Specify the view.

Graphics and Animations Views...
i. Enter plot-view for Save Name.
ii. Click Save and close the Views dialog box.
(e) Display velocity magnitude contours.
Graphics and Animations Contours Set Up...
i. Enable Filled in the Options group box.
ii. Disable Auto Range and Clip to Range.
iii. Select Velocity and Velocity Magnitude from the Contours of drop-down list.
iv. Enter 0 for Min and 30 for Max.
v. Select y=.02 from the Surfaces list.
vi. Close the Contours dialog box.
Similar velocity contour plots will be saved during the simulation. The saved plots
can be used to create an animation.
3. Set up commands to save figures for animations.

Calculation Activities (Execute Commands) Create/Edit...
(a) Set Defined Commands to 1.

(b) Enable Active.
(c) Set Every to 20.
(d) Select Time-Step from the drop-down list of When.
(e) Enter /dis/sw 1 /dis/set/cont/sur (y=.02) /dis/view/rv plot-view /dis/cont
vm 0 30 /dis/sp/vel %t.tiff for Command.

(f) Click OK.

Note: In the above command instead of y=.02, the surface ID for surface y=.02 can
be used. The ID for this surface is 55. This can be different on different systems.
You could create other contour plots using similar steps.
4. Set the time step parameters for calculations.

Calculation Activities
(a) Enter 180 for Autosave Every (Time Steps).
(b) Click Edit....
i. Enter ./IC tutorial II CA344.gz for File Name.
ii. Click OK to close the Autosave dialog box.
In the Autosave dialog box, IC tutorial II CA344 .gz is used as the filename.
The number of time steps will be appended to it. So, at time step 180, a case/data,
IC tutorial II CA344 0180.cas/dat.gz will be automatically saved.
Note: If greater accuracy is desired, change to Second Order Upwind discretization
Solution Methods
5. Write out a case and data file, IC tutorial II CA344 0000.cas.gz

File Write Case & Data...
6. Run the simulation for the 1440 time steps.

This will complete half cycle of the cylinder. If you require, you can run for 2880 time
steps to observe the full cycle.
Run Calculation
Step 9: Postprocessing
At the end of the simulation you will have the following files:
1. Tiff files for velocity magnitude.
2. Auto-saved case and data files.
3. A text file ic-hybrid.txt,containing swirl, x-tumble, y-tumble, and moment of inertia

as a function of CA.
For more information refer to section 11.6.3 In-Cylinder Settings, in the ANSYS FLU-
ENT Users Guide.
16
Figure 5: CA = 379(deg) Figure 5: CA = 424 (deg)

Figure 6: CA = 644 (deg) Figure 6: CA = 689 (deg)
Summary
In this tutorial you have learned how to setup an IC engine cold flow case in ANSYS
FLUENT. Scheme file provided with this tutorial can be used for setting up case on any
other IC engine geometry, provided mesh and name of boundary and cell zones are created
as per specification in the Appendix A.
Appendix A
Figure 7: Sketch of Decomposition and Zone Names
18
No. Fluid Zone Name Mesh Requirement

1 fluid-ch tet mesh
2 fluid-rootname-ib layered mesh
3 fluid-rootname-port any mesh
4 fluid-rootname-vlayer layered mesh
5 fluid-piston-layer layered mesh
Figure 8: Boundary Zones

No. Boundary Zone Name

1 intf-int-rootname-ib-fluid-ib
2 intf-int-rootname-ib-fluid-port
3 intf-int-rootname-ob-fluid-vlayer
4 intf-int-rootname-ob-fluid-port
5 intf-rootname-ib-fluid-ib
6 intf-rootname-ib-fluid-ob-quad
7 intf-rootname-ib-fluid-ob-tri
8 intf-rootname-ob-fluid-ch
9 intf-rootname-ob-fluid-vlayer
10 seat-rootname
11 rootname-ch
12 rootname-ib
13 rootname-ob
14 int-piston
15 cyl-tri
16 piston
Appendix B
Parameters in the IC Setup dialog box.
1. Input parameters under Engine Parameters tab:

Crank Shaft Speed: Engine RPM.
Crank Angle Step Size: Time step size in terms of CA.
Piston stroke: Piston Stroke and Connecting Rod Length, together control the piston
motion.
Connecting Rod Length: Piston Stroke and Connecting Rod Length, together control
the piston motion.
Minimum Valve Lift: Closest gap from valve and valve seat.
Symmetry Engine: Use this option if one has a symmetry engine like the demo.
Point on Symmetry: Point on Symmetry and Symmetry Normal together define a plane
for nodes projection.
Symmetry Normal: Point on Symmetry and Symmetry Normal together define a plane
for nodes projection.
Cylinder axis origin and cylinder axis direction together define a cylinder for the
engine cylinder. ANSYS FLUENT needs this to project nodes on the engine cylinder
back to a perfect cylinder.
2. Input Parameters under Piston Motion Setup tab:
Meshing Strategy Hybrid Approach: This approach is used for canted valve engine.
Three different piston mesh types can be modeled under Hybrid Approach.
20
Layering Approach: This approach is used for the vertical valve engine. There are
two mesh types (conformal and non-conformal mesh type) used for layering
approach. For further details please refer IC tutorial I-B.
Piston Type: There are three piston types. For pistons with enough room to put
one layer to start with, select 1. For flat pistons with tight squish combustion
chamber and thus insert-boundary-layer is used, select 2. For complex piston shape
like GDI engines and thus insert-interior-layer is used, select 3. The decomposition
for different piston types is different. Appendix C explains difference between
these piston types.
Piston Stroke Cutoff: Parameter used to control the height of upper remeshing com-
bustion chamber. The rule of thumb is to use max valve lift plus 4 or 5mm.
Cylinder Radius: Cylinder radius.
Cylinder Axis Direction: Cylinder Axis Origin and Cylinder Axis Direction together define
a cylinder for the engine cylinder. ANSYS FLUENT needs this to project nodes
on the engine cylinder back to a perfect cylinder.
Cylinder Axis Origin: Cylinder Axis Origin and Cylinder Axis Direction together define a
cylinder for the engine cylinder. ANSYS FLUENT needs this to project nodes on
the engine cylinder back to a perfect cylinder.
3. Input parameters under Valve Motion Setup tab:
Number of Valves: The total number of vales in the engine.
Valve Number: Valve number for which parameters are setup.
For example, if there are total 4 valves, valve number parameter will vary from
1 to 4. The parameters like Valve Name, Valve Profile Name, etc., are required to
setup for each valve number and these parameters are stored against the valve
number.
Valve Name: The auto set up is done through name matching system. This is the
valve root name.
Valve Profile Name: Valve profile is used to define valve motion. This name is shown
up on ANSYS FLUENT screen during the step of Read the Valve Profile.
Open Valve: CA to open the valve. At the specified CA, the valve will open by forming
the non-conformal interface.
Close Valve: CA to close the valve. At the specified CA, the valve will close by deleting
the non-conformal interface.
Refer Appendix D for the recommended practice to select the opening and closing
crank angles.
Valve Margin Radius: Valve radius.
Valve Axis Direction: Valve Axis Origin and Valve Axis Direction together define a cylin-
der for the valve. ANSYS FLUENT needs this to project nodes back to a perfect
cylinder.
Valve Axis Origin: Valve Axis Origin and Valve Axis Direction together define a cylinder
for the valve. ANSYS FLUENT needs this to project nodes back to a perfect
cylinder.

Variable URFs: With this option enabled, the URFs are not a constant. When valves
are opening or closing, the URFs for k, e, Momentum, and Pressure will be
automatically reduced and later on switched back.
Variable Crank Angle Step Size: With this option enabled, the time step size is not a
constant. When valves are opening or closing, the time step size will be auto-
matically reduced and later on switched back.
Duration: The duration for reduced URFs or/and time step size.
Appendix C
Different types of piston and treatment
Piston shape can vary from flat piston seen in some spark ignited (SI) engines to very
complex piston bowl shape seen in some diesel or GDI engines. This physical difference
makes it necessary to treat different pistons in different ways. In ANSYS FLUENT all
different pistons can be categorized into three different types.
1. Piston type 1 is designated for engines with enough squish volume to put one layer
of wedge elements when the piston is at the TDC, be it a flat piston or piston with a
bowl, as shown in Figure 9. The figure also shows the names required. Note that for
the geometry with a bowl, piston should also include the bowl.
Figure 9: Piston Type 1 Decomposition and Zone Names
22
The mesh requirement is shown in Figure 10. A layer of wedge elements is needed
for layering for piston type 1. In most cases, you can not put a layer of hex mesh
because the squish volume in typical engines would not allow for extra pyramids on
top of int-piston needed to make the transition from hex mesh to tet mesh. If your
engine has large squish volume to allow for pyramids and thus using hex vs. wedges,
contact your support engineer.
Figure 10: Piston Type 1 Mesh Requirement

2. Piston type 2 is designated for engines without enough squish volume to put one
layer of wedge elements when the piston is at TDC, be it a flat piston or piston with
a bowl, as shown in Figure 11. The figure also shows the names required.
The mesh requirement is shown in Figure 12.

With piston type 2 you have the choice to include a bowl. This option is in the IC
Setup dialog box. For piston type 2, a layer of wedge elements is not needed. Instead,
ANSYS FLUENT will automatically create a layer at specified CA. The two CAs for
Intake Stroke and Power Stroke are specified in the IC Setup dialog box.
24

Piston type 1 and 2 do not allow the valves to penetrate into the bowl because the
valves will interfere with either int-piston for piston type 1 or piston for piston type 2.
3. Piston type 3 is designated for engines with such valve penetration. Figure 13 shows
the names required.
The mesh requirement is shown in Figure 14.
For piston type 3, a layer of wedge elements is not needed. Instead, ANSYS FLUENT
will automatically create a layer at user specified CA in the IC Setup dialog box. There
is only one insert CA for piston type 3. The same angle is used for both power stroke
and intake stroke. Insert location uses Cylinder Axis Origin.
26
Piston type 1 and 2 are commonly used for diesel and gasoline engines. Piston type 3
could be used for some GDI engines with deep valve penetration. Piston type 3 is the most
general and requires less decomposition. However, it has less number of layered elements
and utilizes more tet cells and thus typically has more cells and takes more computational
time. If possible, you should always try to use piston type 1 or 2.
The mesh files for all the above piston types are provided with this tutorial. You will need
to do the following to see the results.
1. Read the mesh file and the profile.
2. Load the scheme file.
3. Read the parameter file in through the IC Setup dialog box. This will set up the
piston. Make the required changes in the Piston Motion Setup.
4. Perform Steps 3 through Step 9 of this tutorial.

Appendix D
Determining the valve opening and closing angles
In Valve Motion Setup in IC Setup dialog box, you need to specify the opening and closing
CA of each valve. It should be specified in such a way that the flow to the chamber should
neither be under predicted nor over predicted. If we specify the actual valve opening CA
in the setup this will allow too much of flow into the chamber as there is a minimum lift
for the valve due to the V-layer modeled in the geometry decomposition. To overcome this,
one can adopt the following approach in setting up the valve parameters.
Typical valve profile will be as shown below. As per profile valve opens at 350 deg CA and
at about 358 deg CA the valve lift reaches 0.1 mm
((in-valve point 140 1)
(angle
3.500000e+02 3.515000e+02 3.530000e+02 3.545000e+02 3.560000e+02
3.5750000e+02 ..............)
(lift
1.000000e-07 1.130000e-06 3.848000e-05 5.565000e-05 1.010000e-04
1.090000e-04 ................)
)
While modeling, IC case in ANSYS FLUENT we usually keep the V-layer thickness to 0.1mm.
Figure 15: Valve Motion in Actual Engine and Simulation
28
If valve opens at 350 deg CA, as per profile and in practice flow will vary according
to the lift profile in Figure 16.
Figure 16: Actual Valve Opening Profile
If the valve opening CA is set as 350 degrees in ANSYS FLUENT the simulated valve
lift profile will be as shown in Figure 17 and the flow will be over predicted.
Figure 17: Valve Opened at CA 350 in ANSYS FLUENT

If the valve opening CA is set as 356 in ANSYS FLUENT the simulated valve lift
profile will be as shown in Figure 18 and the flow will be under predicted.
So the recommended practice is to keep the valve opening CA at the average of both
the above which is CA 353. The simulated valve lift profile is as shown in Figure 19
and this will provide the flow rate approximately equal to the actual flow rate.
The same approach is used in determining valve closing CA.
30

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Tutorial: IC Simulation for Canted Valve Engine Using

3. Perform a transient IC simulation.

The limitations of the journal are:

1. The journal is applicable only for ANSYS FLUENT.

2. The journal cannot be used for 2D geometry.

The journal can automatically set up the following for an IC case:

1. All necessary dynamic zones for the valve motion.

2. All necessary dynamic zones for the piston motion.

5. Events to open and close valves.

6. Events to change the under-relaxation factors (URF)s.

7. Events to change the time step size.

8. Solver parameters based on experience of the engineers at ANSYS FLUENT.

Figure 1: Geometry Decomposition

Setup and Solution

1. Copy the files, (IC tutorial II.msh.gz. valve.prof, R 13 IC scheme-set-4.scm,

2. Use FLUENT Launcher to start the (3D) version of ANSYS FLUENT.

3. Enable Double-Precision in the Display Options list.

1. Read the mesh file, IC tutorial II.msh.gz.

Figure 2: Mesh Display

Step 2: General Settings

1. Check the mesh.

2. Scale the mesh.

3. Read the valve profile file.

Reading profiles file...

4. Load the scheme file.

6. Examine the profile. See Figure 3.

Figure 3: IC Valve Profile

1. Specify the turbulence model.

2. Close the Viscous Model dialog box.

Step 4: Zone Motion Preview

1. Set up mesh display.

2. Perform a zone motion preview.

(a) Click Integrate.

3. Write out a case file, IC tutorial II CA000.cas.gz

Step 5: Mesh Motion Preview

1. Perform a mesh motion preview.

(a) Enter 1396 for Number of Time Steps.

i. Enter 180 for Save Case File Every (Time Steps).

Step 6: Boundary Conditions

1. Specify the inlet boundary conditions.

2. Specify the outlet boundary conditions.

4. Write out a case file, IC tutorial II CA344.cas.gz.

Step 7: Dynamic Mesh

1. Click on Settings... in Options group box.

2. In the Options dialog box click In-Cylinder tab.

3. Enable Write In-Cylinder Output and click Output Controls....

4. Click OK in the In-Cylinder Settings dialog box to close it.

1. Initialize the flow.

2. Create a velocity magnitude contour plot.

i. Select Mesh... and Y-Coordinate from the list of Surface of Constant.

Figure 4: Iso Surface View

(d) Specify the view.

3. Set up commands to save figures for animations.

(a) Set Defined Commands to 1.

(f) Click OK.

4. Set the time step parameters for calculations.

5. Write out a case and data file, IC tutorial II CA344 0000.cas.gz

6. Run the simulation for the 1440 time steps.

1. Tiff files for velocity magnitude.

2. Auto-saved case and data files.

3. A text file ic-hybrid.txt,containing swirl, x-tumble, y-tumble, and moment of inertia

Figure 5: CA = 379(deg) Figure 5: CA = 424 (deg)

Figure 5: CA = 469(deg) Figure 5: CA = 514 (deg)