Course OWJ103103

WCDMA Power Control

ISSUE 1.1
OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Overview........................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle and Protocol..............................2
1.1 Basic Principle of Power Control.......................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Power Control Methods for Various Physical Channels.............................................2
1.1.2 Open Loop Power Control.........................................................................................2
1.1.3 Fast Power Control.................................................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Outer Loop Power Control......................................................................................... 3
1.1.5 Slow Power Control................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Analysis of Power Control Process......................................................................................5
1.2.1 Open Loop Power Control on PRACH.......................................................................5
1.2.2 Open Loop Power Control of Uplink DPCCH.............................................................6
1.2.3 Power Control of Uplink Dedicated Channel DPCCH and DPDCH...........................6
1.2.4 Power Control of Downlink Dedicated Channel DPCH..............................................9
1.2.5 Power Configuration of Other Channels..................................................................12
Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters.................................................................................13
2.2 UE Power Management Parameter...................................................................................16
2.2.1 Power Offset Pp-m.................................................................................................. 16
2.2.2 Constant Value........................................................................................................ 17
2.2.3 PRACH Power Ramp Step......................................................................................17
2.2.4 Preamble Retrans Max............................................................................................ 17
2.2.5 DPCCH Power Offset.............................................................................................. 17
2.2.6 PC Preamble........................................................................................................... 18
2.2.7 TPC Step Size......................................................................................................... 18
2.2.8 Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power (MP)......................................................................18
2.3 NodeB Power Management Parameter..............................................................................19
2.3.1 PO1......................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.2 PO2......................................................................................................................... 20
2.3.3 PO3......................................................................................................................... 20
2.3.4 FDD TPC DL Step Size........................................................................................... 20
2.3.5 Maximum Uplink SIR............................................................................................... 20
2.3.6 Minimum Uplink SIR................................................................................................ 21
2.3.7 Maximum DL Tx Power............................................................................................ 21
2.3.8 Minimum DL Tx Power............................................................................................. 22
2.3.9 Primary CPICH Power............................................................................................. 22
2.4 Others................................................................................................................................ 22
2.4.1 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Period (SirAdjustPeriod).............................22
2.4.2 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Step (SirAdjustStep)...................................22
2.4.3 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Factor (SirAdjustFactor)..............................23
2.4.4 Maximum SIR StepUp (MaxSirStepUp)...................................................................23
2.4.5 Maximum SIR StepDown (MaxSirStepDown)..........................................................23
2.4.6 BLERtarget.............................................................................................................. 23

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 List of Tables

List of Tables
Table 1-1 Power control methods adopted for various physical channels.................................2
Table 1-2 Channels with power configured during cell setup..................................................12
TABLE 1-3 Channels with power configured during common channel configuration..............12
Table 2-1 Power management parameters (modifiable to network optimisation engineers). . .13
Table 2-2 Power management parameters (modification by network optimisation engineers is
not recommended).......................................................................................................... 15
Table 2-3 Initial and maximum target SIR value......................................................................20
Table 2-4 Max. & min. downlink transmission power configuration.........................................21

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Overview

Overview
In WCDMA, power control strategies including open-loop power control and closed-
loop power control fast power control and slow power control are adopted, which
can well overcome the influences of unfavorable factors such as fast fading on radio
channels to guarantee the transmission quality.
This document contains two parts. The first part (Section 2) describes the power
control principle and the relevant protocols, and the second part (Section 3) briefly
describes the meaning of each parameter and relevant algorithms.
This document is suitable for network planning engineers to study.

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 Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle
OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 and Protocol

Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control

Management Principle and Protocol
*Note: The content of this section is described in detail in [4].

1.1 Basic Principle of Power Control

1.1.1 Power Control Methods for Various Physical Channels

See the following table:

Table 1.1 Power control methods adopted for various physical channels

Physical Open loop Inner loop Outer loop Slow power No power control
channel power control power control power control process, power
control is specified by
upper layers.
DPDCH X X
DPCCH X X X
PCCPCH X
SCCPCH X
PRACH X
AICH X
PICH X

1.1.2 Open Loop Power Control

For an uplink channel, the UE estimates the signals path loss by measuring the
downlink channel signals, and then identifies the transmission power on the uplink
channel. This power control method is rather inaccurate, because in the FDD mode,
fast fading of the uplink channel doesnt correlate with fast fading of the downlink
channel, But in the range of a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually more
serious than that caused by propagation loss. Therefore, open loop power control is
applied only at the beginning of connection setup, generally for setting the initial
power.
For a downlink channel, the network sets the initial transmission power of the
downlink channel according to the UE measurement reports.

1.1.3 Fast Power Control

Fast power control is a kind of closed-loop power control, which is described below
through the example of fast power control of uplink channel.
After NodeB receives a signal from the UE, it estimates the signal-to-interference ratio
(SIR) of this signal. Then, NodeB compares the signal-to-interference ratio with the
preset target signal-to-interference ratio (SIRtarget). If the received SIR is smaller than

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters

SIRtarget, NodeB will inform the UE through the downlink dedicated control channel to
increase the transmitting power; on the contrary, if the received SIR is greater than
SIRtarget, NodeB will inform the UE through downlink dedicated control channel to
decrease transmitting power. The whole control process is equivalent to a negative
feedback process, which can make the SIR of the received signal fluctuate near the
SIRtarget.
The fast power control process on the downlink channel is the same with that on the
uplink channel, but the purpose is different. Power control on the uplink channel is
mainly to overcome the near-far effect. The downlink channels have not the near-far
effect problem, and downlink channel power control is to conquer Rayleigh fading and
the interferences of adjacent cells.
On the dedicated control channel (DPCCH), each timeslot has its power control part
(TPC). In WCDMA, the period of a physical frame is 10ms, and each physical frame
has 15 timeslots, so the maximum frequency of power control is 1.5 KHz (the frame
format of the downlink dedicated channel is shown is Figure 1-1.). For a UE moving at
a medium or slow speed, this frequency is greater than the Rayleigh fading speed, so
the transmission power can be well adjusted.

Figure 1.2 Frame Format of Downlink Dedicated Channel

The above-mentioned power control method is inner loop power control, which is
directly implemented at the physical layer. It is implemented by NodeB and UE
together, and RNC is not involved.

1.1.4 Outer Loop Power Control

The purpose of inner loop power control is to maintain a certain SIR of received signal
when the signals reach the receiver. However, in different multi-path environments,
even if the mean SIR is kept above a certain threshold, it is likely that the
communication quality (BER or FER or BLER) is not satisfied. So a kind of outer loop
power control mechanism is required to adjust the SIR threshold of inner loop power
control dynamically in order to meet the communication quality requirement. Through
the estimation of signal bit error rate (BER) or block error rate (BLER), the upper layer
of RNC or UE adjusts the target signal-to-interference ratio (SIR target) in fast power
control to accomplish the goal of power control. Since this kind of power control is
accomplished through upper layer, it is called outer loop power control. When the
quality of the received signals becomes bad (that is, bit error rate or block error rate
increases), the upper layer will increase the target signal-to-interference ratio
(SIRtarget) to improve the quality of received signals.

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 Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle
OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 and Protocol

DPCCH

DPCH

Figure 1.3 Fast power control

Figure 1-2 is a schematic diagram of downlink power control. Inner loop power control
is accomplished between BS and UE. The RNC implements outer loop power control
by setting BS target signal-to-interference ratio. The reason to use outer loop power
control is that signal quality will be different in different environments when the signal-
to-interference ratio is the same. For instance, under the same signal-to-interference
ratio, the faster the UE moves, the worse the signal quality will be. As shown in Figure
1-3, generally, when mobile are still, the target signal-to-interference ratio is the
lowest.

Figure 1.4 Setting of target SIR

Note that in soft handover, the signal quality used by RNC is the signal quality after
the combination of all links in macro diversity. Because macro diversity is carried out
in RNC, so the signal quality after combination can be seen only in RNC. Therefore, it
is necessary for RNC to participate in outer loop power control. The following figure is
the schematic diagram of uplink power control, where the principle of outer loop
power control can be seen. The frequency of outer loop control is 10 to100HZ, and
the specific value depends on the data block size.

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters

Figure 1.5 Outer loop power control process of uplink dedicated channel

1.1.5 Slow Power Control

Slow power control is introduced in R4, which will not be described in this document.
The following is just an overview.
The typical application of slow power control is network browsing. At this time,
downlink sends large quantity of data packets, while uplink has only a few data such
as ACK. When slow power control is adopted, commands are sent from the network
side at first and are verified at the UE side. When UE is not in the soft handover state,
usually, fast closed loop power control will stop, and the slow power control system
will start. Under this mode, UE sends PCR (Power Control Ratio) on DPCCH at the
interval of TRINT. When UE has not any information, the uplink transportation will be
stopped, and it will be resumed when UE sends PCR. NodeB identifies the downlink
DPCCH/DPDCH transmission power according to PCR reported by UE.

1.2 Analysis of Power Control Process

1.2.1 Open Loop Power Control on PRACH

1. PRACH Preamble Initial power Setting

The initial power of PRACH is set through outer loop power control. UE operation
steps are as follows:
1) Read IE Primary CPICH DL TX power and UL interference and Constant
value from system information blocks.
2) Measure the value of CPICH_RSCP;
3) Calculate the initial value of PRACH preamble according to the following formula:

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 Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle
OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 and Protocol

Preamble_Initial_Power = Primary CPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL

interference + Constant Value

2. PRACH Power Control Sequence

Figure 1.6 PRACH power control sequence

The figure above is the time sequence diagram for PRACH power control. The
parameters in the figure, such as Power Ramp Step and P p-m are configured by the
RRC layer of UE. The calculation of Preamble_Initial_power value is described in the
previous section.

1.2.2 Open Loop Power Control of Uplink DPCCH

UE calculates the initial power of uplink DPCCH according to the received IE

DPCCH_Power_offset and the measured value of CPICH_RSCP.
DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP
DPCCH_Power_offset is send to UE through RRC connection setup by RNC.

1.2.3 Power Control of Uplink Dedicated Channel DPCCH and DPDCH

1. Basic process of uplink power control

The basic flow of uplink inner loop power control is shown in the following figure:

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Figure 1.7 Basic flow of uplink power control

2. Power increment calculation of uplink DPCCH channel

a) DPCCH preamble
At the beginning of DPCCH setup, the initial power of DPCCH is obtained through the
outer loop power control. The initial power of DPCCH is as follows:
DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP
Where, the value of DPCCH_Power_offset is configured by RNC to UE at the
beginning of RRC connection setup, and the value of CPICH_RSCP is obtained from
the measurement of the pilot signal by UE itself.
At the beginning of the dedicated channel setup, there are only DPCCH in the uplink
dedicated channel without DPDCH. DPCCH during this time is called UL DPCCH
power control preamble. The specific length of a preamble is 0 to 7 frames. It is set on
UE by the RRC protocol and the parameter is PC Preamble.
After the initial value is set, the change of DPCCH power is determined by the
following equation:

DPCCH TPC TPC_cmd

Where, the value of TPC is configured by the RRC protocol at the beginning of link
setup, and the name of IE is TPC step size. The value of TPC_cmd has been
obtained in Step 3 in figure 6.
b) Power control after preamble
The change of DPCCH power hereafter is as follows:

DPCCH TPC TPC_cmd

However, the algorithm of power control can be Algorithm 1 or Algorithm 2. At the
beginning of link setup, the algorithm adopted is given by IE Power Control
Algorithm in RRC protocol.

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 Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle
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3. Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 for power control

There are two kinds of power control algorithms for up link dedicated channel
DPCCH.
a) Algorithm 1:
If a UE is not in soft handover and there is only one TPC command for every timeslot,
then, when TPC Command = 0, TPC _cmd = -1; when TPC Command = 1, TPC_cmd
=1.
But if a UE is in soft handover, there are two steps for power control. The first step:
Combine TPC commands of RLs belonging to the same RLS (Radio Link Set) (The
TPC commands of all RLs in the same RLS are the same) and get TPCs. If there are
N RLSs, there will be N TPCs in a timeslot. The second step: Make soft decision for
all the received TPCis (I = 1, 2..N), and obtain the corresponding Wi. Then obtain
the value of TPC_cmd by means of the following formula:

TPC_cmd W 1 , W 2 , ......W N
Where, the final value of TPC_cmd is 1 or -1.

is a user-defined function . The protocol has only three limits on this function, as
follows:
1) When the probability that TPC command is 0 and the probability that TPC
command is 1 are the same, the probability that TPC_cmd value is 1 should be
greater than or equal to 1/(2 N), while the probability that TPC_cmd value is -1
should be greater than or equal to 1/2;
2) When all TPC commands = 1, TPC_cmd = 1;
3) When all TPC commands = 0, TPC_cmd = -1.
b) Algorithm 2:
Perform a power adjustment every 5 timeslots (Divide each frame equally into 3
segments to obtain 5 timeslots each segment.)
If a UE is not in soft handover and there is only one TPC command for every timeslot:
1) For the first 4 timeslots of a segment, TPC_cmd = 0.
2) For the fifth slot, the UE uses hard decisions on each of the 5 received TPC
commands as follows:
If all 5 hard decisions within a set are 1 then TPC_cmd = 1 in the 5 th slot;
If all 5 hard decisions within a set are 0 then TPC_cmd = -1 in the 5 th slot;
Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0 in the 5th slot.
If soft handover exists, there are two steps. The first step: Combine TPC Commands
of RLs belonging to the same RLS (Radio Link Set) (The TPC commands of all RLs in
the same RLS are the same). If there are N PLSs, each RLS can obtain a TPCi (I = 1,
2..N). The second step: Divide each frame equally into 3 segments for each RLS by
means of the previously mentioned method to obtain 5 timeslots each segment, and
then make the decision. Finally, TPC_cmd (obtained from the previous four timeslots)
= 0. In the fifth timeslot, suppose that the decision result of each RLS is TPC_temp i (i
= 1, 2N), for the previous 4 timeslots, all the TPC_temp i values = 0. TPC_cmd is
obtained with the following function:

TPC_cmd5 th slot TPC_tmp 1 , TPC_tmp 2 , ......TPC_tmp N

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters

Where is defined as:

N
1
N TPC_temp i 0.5,TPC_cmd 1
i1

N
1
N TPC_temp i 0.5, TPC_cmd 1
i1

In other cases, TPC_cmd = 0.

4. Transmit Power of Control Channel and Data Channel

The transmission power of the control channel and the data channel depends on the
preset power gain rate and the specified maximum and minimum output power. When
DPCCH power is identified, DPDCH power can be obtained with power gain rate. The
power gain rate is defined as follows:
d
Aj c

Where, c and d are the gain factors of DPCCH and DPDCH respectively. c and
d can be obtained through two methods: One is that RNC configures directly UE
through RRC protocol (Signalled Gain Factors), and the corresponding IEs are Gain
Factor c and Gain Factor d ; the other method is to obtain c and d (Computed
Gain Factors) of the current TFC with c and d of the reference TFC. As a service
can have multi TFCs, for the second method, as long as c and d of a certain TFC
are known, c and d of other TFCs can be obtained.
For a connection, these two methods can be used in combination. If the upper layer
has configured a gain factor on a certain TFC, adopt Method 1; if the upper layer has
not configured any gain factor on a certain TFC, adopt Method 2. (The IDs of the
reference TFCs are set through IE Reference TFC ID)

1.2.4 Power Control of Downlink Dedicated Channel DPCH

1. Basic process of downlink power control

The basic flow of the downlink power control is shown in the following diagram, which
involves only inner loop power control. Outer loop power control is implemented
inside the UE, and it is the same as uplink outer loop power control in theory, but
there is no description about it in 25 Series Protocol.

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 Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle
OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 and Protocol

Figure 1.8 Power control process of downlink dedicated channel

Note: The power of the upper layer is the sum of powers of all diversities. For
instance, if there are totally two transmission antennae, the transmission power of the
upper layer configuration is the sum of the transmission powers of the two
transmission antennae.

2. Calculation of the power of the current timeslot

After estimating the k:th TPC command, UTRAN shall adjust the current downlink
power P(k-1) [dB] to a new power P(k) [dB] according to the following formula:
Pk Pk 1 P TPC k P bal k
Where, P (k-1) is the power of the previous timeslot, P TPC (k) is the adjusted value of
inner loop power control and Pbal (k) is the correction value.
The calculation of PTPC (k) is as follows:
If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is 'Not used', then:

if TPC est (k ) 1
PTPC (k ) TPC
TPC if TPC est (k ) 0

If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is 'Used':

TPC if TPCest (k ) 1 and sum (k ) TPC Power_Raise_Limit

PTPC (k ) 0 if TPCest (k ) 1 and sum (k ) TPC Power_Raise_Limit
if TPCest (k ) 0
TPC
Where,
k 1
sum (k ) P TPC (i )
i k DL _ Power _ Averaging _ Window _ Size1

Thus the power increase can be controlled to a certain extent.

Where, the values of Power_Raise_Limit and DL_power_averaging_window_size are
set by RNC through NBAP protocol when the cell is set up. They are uniform in the
whole cell. The value of TPC is set through IE FDD TPC DL Step Size.

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters

Power_Raise_Limit is the upper limit of power increase within the specified time.
DL_power_averaging_window_size specifies the number of timeslots during this time.

The calculation of P bal k is described in 8.3.7.2 of 25.433 and the following section
Downlink Power Control Balance

3. Downlink Power Balance

Downlink power balance (DPB) is mainly to resist the power offset between different
downlink radio links caused by TPC bit errors during soft handover, and the power
offset will be more serious when the downlink uses fast power control. When downlink
power balance is enabled, SRNC can request all NodeBs in the active set to transmit
the same power or to keep a certain deviation between them, so as to ensure the
power balance between the downlink radio links in the active set.
For convenience of description, the adjustment formula of the downlink power control
is repeated below:
Pk Pk 1 P TPC k P bal k
Where, Pbal (k) [dB] is the correction implemented to balance the power of each
downlink radio link to a common reference power value.

The protocol has the following limits for P bal k:

P bal (1 r )( Pref PP CPICH Pinit )

with an accuracy of 0.5 Db

P bal is the sum of all P bal k values in an adjustment period, and P bal k is
the balance correction value at a certain timeslot. The adjustment period length
is given by IE Adjustment Period, in the unit of frame. The value range is 1 to
256 (namely the time is 10ms to 2560ms) and the specific value is set by RNC
through NBAP protocol.
The value of r is given by IE Adjustment Ratio.
P-CPICH is the transmission power of the main CPICH channel.
Pinit is the power at the last timeslot of the previous adjustment period.
The value of Pref is defined as follows:
When the value of IE Power Adjustment Type is Common, there is
only one Pref, and the value of Pref is the value in IE DL Reference
Power (Common). NodeB will adjust the power of all the radio links
relative to IE NodeB Communication Context.
When the value of IE Power Adjustment Type is Individual, there is
an individual Pref for each radio link. In the messages, different RL IDs
correspond to different DL Reference Powers.
When the value of IE Power Adjustment Type is None, all radio links
relative to this UE will stop power adjustment. Within an adjustment
period, the adjustment range should not exceed the value given by IE
Max Adjustment Step (maximum DPB adjustment step), and should
be limited by the maximum downlink transmission power.
When downlink power balance is enabled, in the report by the UE of power
measurement of each downlink radio link in the active set, suppose that the power
corresponding to the radio link set with maximum power is Pmax and the power
corresponding to the radio link set with minimum power is Pmin, then the downlink
power balance process will be activated when the following condition is satisfied:

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 Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle
OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 and Protocol

P max P min StartDPBTh

The power balance process will stop when the following condition is satisfied:
P max P min StopDPBTh

Where, StartDPBTh is the threshold that triggers the DPB process, and StopDPBTh
is the threshold that stops the DPB process.
The reference downlink power Pref is obtained through the following formula:

a a
Pr ef ( P max PCPICH max ) (1 ) ( P min PCPICH min )
100 100

Where, PCPICHmax is the PCPICH power corresponding to Pmac, PCPICHmin is

the PCPICH power corresponding to Pmin, and a is the maximum power ratio of the
OMC parameter of the RNC maintenance console.

1.2.5 Power Configuration of Other Channels

1. Channels with power configured at the beginning of cell setup

The following parameters are included in the message CELL SETUP REQUEST.

Table 8.1 Channels with power configured during cell setup

Channel Parameter Parameter value Description

Primary CPICH Primary CPICH Enumerated (-10, .., The reference point is
power 50) Granularity 0.1 dB the antenna connector.
Primary SCH Primary SCH Power Enumerated(- Power offset relative to
35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB P-CPICH
Secondary SCH Secondary SCH Enumerated(- Power offset relative to
power 35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB P-CPICH
Secondary Secondary CPICH Enumerated(- Power offset relative to
CPICH Power 35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB P-CPICH
Primary CCPCH BCH Power Enumerated(- Power offset relative to
35..+15dB)Step 0.1dB P-CPICH

2. Channels with power configured during common channel configuration

The following parameters can be configured with the message COMMON

TRANSPORT CHANNEL SETUP REQUEST and the message COMMON
TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION REQUEST.

TABLE 8.2 CHANNELS WITH POWER CONFIGURED DURING COMMON CHANNEL

CONFIGURATION

Channel Parameter Parameter value Description

SCCPC Power Offset PO1 INTEGER (0...24)Step 0.25 Power offset of TFCI
H Information dB, range 0-6 dB
PO3 INTEGER (0...24)Step 0.25 Power offset of PILOT
dB, range 0-6 dB
Max FACH Power Enumerated(-35..+15dB)Step Power offset relative to
0.1dB P-CPICH

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters

Enumerated(-35..+15dB)Step Power offset relative to

PCH Power
0.1dB P-CPICH
Enumerated(-10..+5dB) Power offset relative to
PICH PICH Power
P-CPICH
Integer(-22..+5)Offset in dB Power offset relative to
AICH AICH Power
P-CPICH
Integer(-22..+5)Offset in dB The same type with
CSICH CSICH Power
AICH
AP- Integer(-22..+5)Offset in dB The same type with
AP-AICH Power
AICH AICH
CD/CA- Integer(-22..+5)Offset in dB The same type with
CD/CA-ICH Power
ICH AICH

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 Chapter 1 Analysis on Power Control Management Principle
OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 and Protocol

Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters

There are many RRM power management parameters, which exist in multiple IEs of
multiple protocols such as 25.331, 25.423 and 25.433, and involve multiple signaling
systems. For network optimization, many parameters should not be modified because
they are quite sensitive to network performance. In this document, these parameters
are summarized in two tables according to whether modifications are recommended
by the network optimization engineers. Here we just introduce those parameters
suitable to be modified.
In following two parameter tables, according to the influence on the uplinks and
downlinks and according to their processing entity (NodeB or UE), the parameters will
be classified as UE power management parameters and NodeB power management
parameters. Generally, the UE power management parameters are all sent to the UE
through the air interface by UTRAN. After the UE receives these parameters, it can
perform uplink power control according to the commands in these parameters. NodeB
power management parameters are sent to NodeB through the lub interface by the
RRM module of the RNC. According to these parameters, NodeB performs downlink
power control.

Table 8.3 Power management parameters (modifiable to network optimisation engineers)

No. Parameter Description Parameter MML commands Whether

for modification
configuration and query To be

confirmed
or
modified
UE Power Management Parameters
1 Power Power offset of the last Signaling format Set through ADD Co
offset Pp-m access preamble and -3dB, PRACHTFC. To
message control part. The Service format -2dB modify this
power of the control part is parameter, the
the access preamble power only way is to
plus this value. delete this
PRACH first, and
then re-configure
it.
2 Constant It is the correction constant -23dB Set through ADD Yes
value used for the UE to estimate PRACHTFC. To
the initial transmission modify this
power of PRACH according parameter, the
to the outer loop power. only way is to
delete this
PRACH first, and
then re-configure
it
3 PRACH the preamble power ramp 2dB The same as Yes
Power step before the UE receives above.
Ramp Step NodeB capture indication
4 Preamble The maximum preamble 20 The same as Yes
Retrans repeat times of the UE above.
Max within a preamble ramp
cycle

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters

5 DPCCH This parameter is used to Refer to DPCCH Set through SET Yes
Power calculate the initial Power offset setting FRC, and query
offset transmission power of the and Appendix through LST FRC.
uplink DPCH.
6 PC This parameter defines the The configuration is 7 Set through ADD Co
Preamble lasting time in sending frames; for detailed CELLCAC, and
DPCCH before sending the information, refer to modify through
DPDCH. PC Preamble setting MOD CELLCAC.
NodeB Power Management Parameter
1 Downlink Specifies whether to enable Active Modify through Yes
Power downlink power balance. SET
Balance CORRMALGOSW
Switch ITCH command,
and query through
LST
CORRMALGOSW
ITCH command.
2 Maximum The maximum target SIR Add 3dB to the Modify through Yes
Uplink SIR value of the uplink corresponding target MOD
SIR value of the target TYPRABOLPC,
BLER value of a and modification
service as the is not supported in
maximum target SIR B02.
value. Refer to
Maximum Uplink SIR
Setting
3 Minimum The minimum target SIR Minimum target SIR The same as Yes
Uplink SIR value of the uplink value is recommended above.
as -7.3dB, Refer to
Minimum Uplink SIR
Setting
4 Maximum The maximum transmission Refer to Maximum DL Query through Yes
DL Tx power of DPDCH symbol, Tx Power Setting LST
Power expressed in a value CELLRLPWR,
relative to CPICH. and modify
through MOD
CELLRLPWR.
5 Minimum The maximum transmission Refer to Minimum DL The same as Yes
DL Tx power level of DPDCH Tx Power Setting above.
Power symbol, expressed in a
value relative to CPICH.
Others
1 SIR Adjust The adjustment period of 40 means 400ms. Query through Yes
Period the outer loop power control LST OLPC/*LST
TYPRAB, and
modify through
SET OLPC/*MOD
TYPRABOLPC
command.
2 SIR The adjustment step of the 0.1dB; for services The same as Yes
AdjustStep outer loop power control with BLER=0.1%, above.
0.2%, it is 0.01dB.
3 MaxSirStep The maximum SIR stepup Refer to Table 10 Query through Yes
Up LST TYPRAB,
and modify
through MOD
TYPRABRLC/*M
OD
TYPRABOLPC.
4 MaxSirStep the maximum SIR 0.2dB Query through Yes
Down stepdown LST OLPC/*LST
TYPRAB, and
modify through
SET OLPC/*MOD

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TYPRABOLPC.
5 BLERTarget BLER target value of Refer to Table 10 Query through Yes
service LST TYPRAB,
and modify
through MOD
TYPRABRLC/*M
OD
TYPRABOLPC.
1) For items of which the Whether to be confirmed or modified column is filled with
Co, it is recommended to confirm the setting by comparing with the default
value, but it is not recommended to modify the concerned parameter according
to values other than the default value.
2) The default RNC version corresponding to the MML commands in the table is
V100R002B02D408, and the symbol * means that the command is supported
in B03D004, but not supported in B02.

Table 8.4 Power management parameters (modification by network optimisation engineers is

not recommended)

Serial Parameter Description Parameter

No. configuration
UE power management parameters
1 bc, bd, Reference b c Refer to Table 8
is the gain value of the control
TFC ID
parts of UL DPCCH, PRACH and
PCPCH. b d is the gain value of UL
DPDCH, PRACH and PCPCH.
2 Preamble This parameter defines the PRACH 32
Threshold preamble test threshold. When the ratio
of the preamble power received within
the preamble cycle to the interference
level is greater than this threshold, the
preamble can be identified.
2 SRB Delay This parameter defines the lasting time The configuration is
of signaling transmission before data is 7 frames. For
sent. details, refer to SRB
Delay setting
3 Power Control This parameter is used to inform the UE The configuration is
Algorithm in what a way to translate the received algorithm 1. For
TPC commands. details, refer to
Power Control
Algorithm setting
4 TPC Step Size This parameter defines the power The configuration is
control step when uplink DPCH is 1dB for detail, refer
performing close loop power control. to TPC Step Size
setting
5 DPC Mode This parameter defines the mode of The configuration is
downlink power control. When the value Single TPC, refer to
is single TPC, it means to use power DPC Mode setting
control mode 0, DPC_Mode=0; and
when the value is TPC triple in soft, it
means to use the mode 1,
DPC_Mode=1.
6 Maximum Allowed The maximum allowed transmission The configuration of
UL Tx Power power of UE in a certain cell. DCH is 21dBm, and
the configuration of
PRACH is 23dBm.
For details, refer to
Maximum Allowed
UL Tx Power setting

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OWJ103103 WCDMA Power Control ISSUE1.1 Chapter 2 Power Management Parameters

and Appendix
NodeB Power Management Parameters
1 DL TPC pattern RL initialization, the transmission times 10
01 count of downlink TPC commands with the
(0,1) mode when NodeB has not
received uplink synchronization,
2 PO1 This parameter defines the power offset According to the
of TFCI bit in downlink DPCCH to field test result, the
DPDCH. configuration is 0dB.
For details, refer to
PO1 setting
3 PO2 This parameter defines the power offset According to the
of TPC bit in downlink DPCCH to field test result, the
DPDCH. configuration is 3dB.
4 PO3 This parameter defines the power offset According to the
of PILOT bit in downlink DPCCH to field test result, the
DPDCH. configuration is 3dB.
5 FDD TPC DL Downlink power adjustment step The configuration is
StepSize 1dB. For details,
refer to FDD TPC DL
StepSize setting
6 Limited Power Whether the power increase is limited Used. For details,
Increase refer to Limited
Power Increase
setting
7 Power_Raise_Lim This parameter can not be exceeded by 3dB, refer to
it the downlink transmission power Power_Raise_Limit
increase within a certain cycle setting
(DL_Power_averaging_window_size,
expressed in timeslot)
8 DL_Power_averagi Calculate the downlink transmission 30 timeslots, refer to
ng_window_size power increase within the time range Power_Raise_Limit
defined by this parameter. setting and DL_
Power_ averaging_
window _size setting
9 Inner Loop DL PC Disable or activate the downlink inner Active
Status loop power control
10 Initial DL Transmission power of DPDCH to Refer to Initial DL
transmission PCPICH transmission Powers
Powers setting
11 UL SIR Targets It is used to adjust target SIR value of Refer to UL SIR
inner loop power control. Targets setting
12 Primary CPICH It is used to identify the transmission 33dBm, refer to
Power power of the Primary CPICH of a cell. Primary CPICH
The reference point is the antenna Power setting
connector.
Others
1 SIR Adjust Factor SIR adjustment factor 1
2 Qin Synchronization threshold Tpc1Qin: -1dB
Tpc2Qin: -2dB
3 Qout Out-of-sync threshold Tpc1Qout: -3.5dB
Tpc2Qout: -4dB

2.1 UE Power Management Parameter

Here, only some important parameters that are advised to modify is discussed. And
focuses are on the meaning of the parameter and advised value from Huawei.

2.1.1 Power Offset Pp-m

1) Parameter meaning

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The power offset of the last access preamble and message control part. This value
plus the access preamble power is the power of the control part.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
According to the field test results, the configuration is -3dB for the signaling
transmission; -2dB for service transmission;

2.1.2 Constant Value

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate the initial
transmission power of PRACH according to the open loop power.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The default configuration is -23dB.
This parameter is used for the UE to estimate the initial transmission power of
PRACH preamble according to the open loop power control algorithm;

2.1.3 PRACH Power Ramp Step

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the UE has not received
the capture indication from NodeB.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The default configuration is 2.

2.1.4 Preamble Retrans Max

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times of the UE within a
preamble ramp cycle.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The default configuration is 20.
The product of this parameter and the above-mentioned PRACH Power Ramp Step
determines the maximum ramp power of the UE within a preamble ramp cycle.

2.1.5 DPCCH Power Offset

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter is used to calculate the initial transmission power of the uplink DPCH.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The formula is given in the protocol 25.331 as follows:
DPCCH_Initial_power=DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP, where, CPICH_RSCP
is obtained through the UE measurement.
Compare this formula with the following formula in the protocol 25.331 used to identify
the PRACH preamble initial transmission power:

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Preamble_initial_Power = Primary CPICH DL TX Power CPICH RSCP+UL

Interference + Constant Value, where, Primary CPICH DL TX Power (SIB5) and UL
Interference (SIB 7) are broadcast in the system information blocks.
It can be found that DPCCH_Power_offset is equivalent to Primary CPICH DL TX
Power + UL Interference + Constant Value. The difference is that the Constant Value
should be the target Ec/N0_Target of the DPCCH preamble. As the step of
DPCCH_Power_offset is 2dB, the accuracy requirement of Ec/N0_Traget is not very
strict, but because of the requirement of the uplink synchronization, the configuration
can be bigger. The cell Received Total Wide band Power is contained in the
signaling messages RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE, RADIO LINK SET UP
FAILURE, RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE and RADIO LINK ADDITION
FAILURE of the lub interface and informed to CRNC. It can be used to identify the
uplink interference (UL Interference).

2.1.6 PC Preamble

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter defines the lasting time for transmitting DPCCH before DPCCH
transmits DPDCH.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The configuration is 7 frames. (Presently, the default configuration in RNC is 0,
because NEC UE probably cannot support the configuration of 7. However, the UE of
Beijing Institute of Huawei can support, so whether the configuration is 0 or 7
depends on the actual conditions of the test site.)
This parameter is originally used for the uplink and downlink power control
convergence to prevent the UE from using large power at the beginning.
Subsequently, some relevant proposals hold that after the UE starts DPCCH
transmission, it will take NodeB some time to search this uplink signal. This delay
depends on the searching procedure and propagation delay. It will be of no use
starting the uplink DPDCH transmission process until this process is completed, as
data cannot be received correctly at this moment, and data may even be lost; or if it is
in a acknowledgement mode, retransmission may cause more serious data delay.

2.1.7 TPC Step Size

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter defines the power control step when the uplink DPCH is conducting
the close loop power control.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The configuration is 1dB. Power control performance is the best when PCA=1 and the
power control step is 1dB; the power control step is 1dB when PCA=2, so the
configuration recommended is 1dB.

2.1.8 Maximum Allowed UL Tx Power (MP)

1) Parameter meaning
The maximum allowed transmission power of the UE in a specified cell.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
Setting: DCH configuration is 21dBm, PRACH configuration is 23dBm (typical value).

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ts transmission capability, this formula can be used to estimate its uplink coverage
range.

2.2 NodeB Power Management Parameter

2.2.1 PO1

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter defines the power offset of the TFCI bit in the downlink DPCCH to
DPDCH.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
This parameter is set to 0dB according to the field test result.
PO1, PO2 and PO3 are contained in the signaling message RADIO LINK SETUP
REQUEST. In fact, when the power control makes DPCCH meet the communication
quality requirements, the power control setting also makes DPDCH meet the
requirement. If the communication quality requirement is met, reduce the
transmission power as small as possible so as to increase the system capacity to the
maximum. Since the number of bits in these three data fields of TPC, PILOT and
TFCI are different, the power offsets for them are different.
The analysis on PO1, PO2 and PO3 configurations is as follows:
In the downlink close loop power control process, especially in soft handover, the UE
implements the maximum-ratio combination only on the DPDCH in all the downlink
multi-path components. However, since the DPCCH power control command is sent
out from different NodeBs, the combination cannot be implemented. The UE
implements SIR estimation on the PILOT domain of the downlink DPCCH and
produces TPC command.
Because of the maximum-ratio combination of the downlink PILOT and TFCI, the
maximum-ratio combination is not implemented in the TPC domain, so it is necessary
to allow the TPC power setting higher than other domains. Here is an easy example:
If non-soft handover corresponds to a set of suitable PO1, PO2 and PO3 settings,
when two soft handover branches exist, the setting of the original PO2 should be
somewhat higher than the power for non-soft handover.

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DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH

Data1 TPC TFCI Data2 Pilot
Ndata1 bits NTPC bits NTFCI bits Ndata2 bits Npilot bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..7)

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms

Figure 1.9 Figure 9: Frame structure for downlink DPCH

2.2.2 PO2

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter defines the power offset of the TPC bit in the downlink DPCCH to
DPDCH.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The configuration is 3dB according to the field test result.

2.2.3 PO3

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter defines the power offset of the PILOT bit in the downlink DPCCH to
DPDCH.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The configuration is 3dB according to the field test result.

2.2.4 FDD TPC DL Step Size

1) Parameter meaning
The adjustment step size of the downlink power
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The default configuration is 1dB.

2.2.5 Maximum Uplink SIR

1) Parameter meaning
Maximum uplink target SIR value
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The link-level simulation results show that, in case power control is available, the
required Eb/N0 for the worst CASE4 channel environment is about 2.7dB higher than
that of the best Gaussian channel. Therefore, it is necessary to add 3dB to the initial
target SIR value corresponding to the target BLER value of a service as the maximum
target SIR value. The initial value of each service is configured in the following table.

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And the maximum value can be obtained through this initial value. For example, the
table shows that, for 144K service, 5dB plus 3dB equals to 8dB which is taken as the
maximum value.
The maximum target SIR value of the combined service is Max {the maximum target
SIR value of the individual service}, and the minimum target SIR value of the
combined service is Max {the minimum target SIR value of the individual service}.

Table 9.1 Initial and maximum target SIR value

Service type Initial SIR target (dB) Max. SIR target (dB)
CS
12.2K AMR 2 5
64K transparent data 4 7
56K transparent data 4 7
32K transparent data 4 7
28.8K transparent data 4 7
57.6K controlled stream 3 6
PS
8K conversation 1.5 4.5
64K flow (unidirectional) 3 6
0 flow (unidirectional) 3 6
384K BE service 7 10
256K BE service 4 7
144K 2.5 5.5
128K 2 5
64K 2 5
32K 2 2
8K 2 2
Signaling 2 5

2.2.6 Minimum Uplink SIR

1) Parameter meaning
The minimum uplink target SIR value
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
In fact, the minimum target SIR value should also be set according to the services.
For example, take the target SIR value minus 3dB as the minimum target SIR value.
However, to make things simple and to avoid that the target SIR value cannot be
decreased due to inappropriate limit, -7.3dB is recommended as the minimum target
SIR value.

2.2.7 Maximum DL Tx Power

1) Parameter meaning
It defines the maximum transmission power of DPDCH symbol, which is expressed in
a relative value to CPICH.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The service type and service rate should be considered in the parameter
configuration. For an individual service, the configuration value is shown in the
following table:

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Table 9.2 Max. & min. downlink transmission power configuration

Max. downlink
Min. downlink
Service type transmission power
transmission power (dB)
(dB)
CS
12.2K AMR -3 -18
64K transparent data 0 -15
56K transparent data 0 -15
32K transparent data -2 -17
28.8K transparent data -2 -17
57.6K controlled stream -1 -16
PS
8K conversation -8 -23
64K flow (unidirectional) -2 -17
0 flow (unidirectional) -2 -17
384K BE service 4 -11
256K BE service 2 -13
144K 0 -15
128K 0 -15
64K -2 -17
32K -4 -19
8K -8 -23
Signaling -8 -23

2.2.8 Minimum DL Tx Power

1) Parameter meaning
It defines the minimum rate level of the DPDCH symbol, and it is expressed in the
relative value to CPICH.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The value of this parameter is changed along with the specific service, and is related
to the value of the parameter Maximum DL Tx Power and the dynamic range of the
power. Their relations are shown in the following formula:
Minimum DL Tx Power=Maximum DL Tx Power - Dynamic Adjustment Range of
Power Control
Where, the value of the dynamic adjustment range of power control can be 15dB.

2.2.9 Primary CPICH Power

1) Parameter meaning
It is used to identify the transmission power of Primary CPICH of a cell. The reference
point is the antenna connector, and its value is related to the downlink coverage
requirement of the network planning.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
For a cell with large coverage, the value of this parameter should be big; on the
opposite, it should be small. In a certain planned multi-cell environment, this
parameter has its own fixed minimum value. If this parameter is smaller than the fixed
minimum value, the coverage hole may occur when cells in the environment are
under heavy load.
If this parameter is too small, it will influence directly the downlink pilot coverage
range; if it is too big, it will increase the downlink interference; meanwhile, it will

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reduce the transmission power that can be allocated to the service and will influence
the downlink capacity. In addition, the configuration of this parameter has direct
influences on the distributions of the handover areas.

2.3 Others

2.3.1 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Period (SirAdjustPeriod)

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter refers to the period during which the outer loop adjusts the target SIR
value once.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The default setting is 40, namely, 400ms.
The parameter setting is related to the changing rate of the environment. If the
environment changes rapidly, this period will be short.

2.3.2 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Step (SirAdjustStep)

1) Parameter meaning
The step of the target SIR value adjustment by the outer loop power control according
to the difference between the BLER in the current period and the target BLER
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The default configuration is 1, namely, 0.1dB.
The setting of this parameter is related to the current service. For the low bit error rate
service where the BLER is 0.1% or 0.2%, we set it to 0.01dB or to be other small
parameters.

2.3.3 Outer Loop Power Control Adjustment Factor (SirAdjustFactor)

1) Parameter meaning
This parameter is used to correct the adjustment step of the target SIR value of the
outer loop power control.
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The default setting is 1.

2.3.4 Maximum SIR StepUp (MaxSirStepUp)

1) Parameter meaning
The maximum stepup of a SIR target in the outer loop power control
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
For the default setting, refer to Table 10.
If this parameter is too great, the UE transmission power will probably be too large,
which will produce strong interference on the uplink. If it is too small, it will probably
influence on the normal outer loop power control process.
Returning

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2.3.5 Maximum SIR StepDown (MaxSirStepDown)

1) Parameter meaning
The maximum stepdown of a SIR target in the outer loop power control
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
The default setting is 2, namely, 0.2dB.
If this parameter is set too big, NodeB will fail to receive messages properly. If it is set
too small, it will probably influence the normal outer loop power control process.
Returning

2.3.6 BLERtarget

1) Parameter meaning
The target BLER value of the outer loop power control
2) Parameter setting and adjustment
For the default setting, refer to Table 10.
If this parameter is set too good, it will waste the network resources; if it is set too
bad, it will fail to satisfy the service QoS requirements.

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