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69 AutoCAD 2008
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70 AutoCAD 2008


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78 AutoCAD 2008

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79 AutoCAD 2008


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80 AutoCAD 2008
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81 AutoCAD 2008
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90 AutoCAD 2008
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93 AutoCAD 2008
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94 AutoCAD 2008
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95 AutoCAD 2008
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96 AutoCAD 2008
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97 AutoCAD 2008
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98 AutoCAD 2008
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99 AutoCAD 2008
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102 AutoCAD 2008


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103 AutoCAD 2008

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104 AutoCAD 2008

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108 AutoCAD 2008
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109 AutoCAD 2008

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110 AutoCAD 2008

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111 AutoCAD 2008

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112 AutoCAD 2008

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113 AutoCAD 2008

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114 AutoCAD 2008

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115 AutoCAD 2008

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117 AutoCAD 2008

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118 AutoCAD 2008

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119 AutoCAD 2008

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120 AutoCAD 2008



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121 AutoCAD 2008
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122 AutoCAD 2008

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123 AutoCAD 2008
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124 AutoCAD 2008

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125 AutoCAD 2008

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126 AutoCAD 2008
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127 AutoCAD 2008

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128 AutoCAD 2008

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129 AutoCAD 2008

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130 AutoCAD 2008
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131 AutoCAD 2008

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132 AutoCAD 2008

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133 AutoCAD 2008

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134 AutoCAD 2008


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135 AutoCAD 2008

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136 AutoCAD 2008

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137 AutoCAD 2008

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139 AutoCAD 2008

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140 AutoCAD 2008

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141 AutoCAD 2008

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142 AutoCAD 2008

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143 AutoCAD 2008

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144 AutoCAD 2008

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145 AutoCAD 2008

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146 AutoCAD 2008

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147 AutoCAD 2008
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148 AutoCAD 2008
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149 AutoCAD 2008

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150 AutoCAD 2008

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151 AutoCAD 2008
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152 AutoCAD 2008

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153 AutoCAD 2008

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154 AutoCAD 2008
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155 AutoCAD 2008



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156 AutoCAD 2008

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157 AutoCAD 2008
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158 AutoCAD 2008

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159 AutoCAD 2008



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160 AutoCAD 2008

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161 AutoCAD 2008

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162 AutoCAD 2008

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163 AutoCAD 2008
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164 AutoCAD 2008
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165 AutoCAD 2008

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166 AutoCAD 2008

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167 AutoCAD 2008

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168 AutoCAD 2008

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169 AutoCAD 2008

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170 AutoCAD 2008


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171 AutoCAD 2008

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172 AutoCAD 2008

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173 AutoCAD 2008

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174 AutoCAD 2008
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175 AutoCAD 2008

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176 AutoCAD 2008
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177 AutoCAD 2008


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178 AutoCAD 2008

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179 AutoCAD 2008


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180 AutoCAD 2008
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181 AutoCAD 2008

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182 AutoCAD 2008

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183 AutoCAD 2008

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184 AutoCAD 2008

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185 AutoCAD 2008

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186 AutoCAD 2008



:





,
.

: Select object
,
.
) All (1 ( All
.

187 AutoCAD 2008

 (2 )( , :

) :Crossing ( C
) (

) Window: ( W
.

.Polyline

188 AutoCAD 2008


(3 :
) Crossing polygon ( : CP
.

189 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Window polygon ( : WP
,
.

190 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Fenece (4 ( : f

..

191 AutoCAD 2008

 (5 :
select object

.Enter

(6 : Select object


,
.

192 AutoCAD 2008

 :

) Previous (1 ( P
.

) Last (2 ( L
.

) Single (1 ( .Si

) Group (

,
.
, GROUP
. Object Grouping

193 AutoCAD 2008

 31 , .
, 448
.
New
.
, Enter
, .OK

, .
.
Object
, Grouping highlight
.

) ( Modify

,


,
) ( ...

194 AutoCAD 2008


.
.
(1 .
:
: Modify

:Modify

195 AutoCAD 2008

 .

(2 .
(3
.

(4 ,
properties
.

196 AutoCAD 2008



Properties :

,

..

.
:
(1 , Modify Properties

197 AutoCAD 2008

 (2
(3 control+1 .

(4 Properties .

) ( :

198 AutoCAD 2008

 :Color 256
:

select Select Color

index color True color color books

.

Index color

199 AutoCAD 2008

 : Layer
.

:Linetype
.

:Linetype scale 1
2
.0.5

:Plot style
.

: Lineweight
.

:Hyperlink
.
.

:Thickness Z .
200 AutoCAD 2008
 Thickness=10 Thickness= 0

.



. ...

.

Match prorperties (:

. ....
: Modify < Match :
properties

201 AutoCAD 2008


matchprop Painter

)
( , Select source object ,
1 2 .3

1 2 3




[ Select distination objects or [ setting :

202 AutoCAD 2008



Enter .

:
,
, :

, ] [setting S
Property setting

203 AutoCAD 2008

 ,

OK
.

) ( 1

) Erase (

.
: Modify < Erase

204 AutoCAD 2008



E .

,

. Enter

) Copy (

:
Modify < copy

205 AutoCAD 2008


CO

:
,
, Select object
.Enter

Specify base ,
.[ point or [ dispplacment

Osnap

:
< Specify second point or < use first point as displacment

:
.
206 AutoCAD 2008

.
.
Enter

400 ,300 400 X 300
Y ) (
@. 400,300

Displacment D
Enter
. .

) Mirror (

,

. mirror line
.

:
: Modify < Mirror

207 AutoCAD 2008



MI .

. Select object

Enter

:
, Specify first point of mirror line Osnap

Specify second point of mirror line
.Osnap

208 AutoCAD 2008


, ??<Erase source object [ yes/no ] <N ,
Y
N Enter
. No

,
MIRRTEXT 0 1

MIRRTEXT=1 MIRRTEXT=0

209 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Offset (

, Copy
, Offset
:
(1 .
(2
.
(3 :
(1 .Lines

(2 .Arcs

(3 .Circles

(4 2D polylines

(5 .Construction lines

(6 .Spline

210 AutoCAD 2008

 :
(1 Modify < Offset

Offset .

(2
:
[ Specify Offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer

. Enter

211 AutoCAD 2008

 (3 .
Select Object to Offset

(4
.
Specify Point On side to Offset

212 AutoCAD 2008

 (5
.

Scape .Enter

:Trough T


.

213 AutoCAD 2008

 :Erase
,
Yes :

[ Erase source object after offsetting [yes/No

:Layer L
. current
source .

) Array (

,
Array

,
.

:Array

(1 ,
.Modify>Arry

214 AutoCAD 2008


Ar .

(2
. Array

(3 :

* - ) ( Rectangular Array

* - ) .( Polar Array

215 AutoCAD 2008

 (4 Rectangular Array

.

(5 ) ( ,
Rows 3.

(6 Columns 5

(7 Row Offset

,
) - ( .

216 AutoCAD 2008



.

(8 Column Offset
,
) (
)- ( .

.

3 5 - 30
20 .

(9 Angle of
.Array ,
, .

217 AutoCAD 2008

 (10 Select Object

, . Enter

OK .

218 AutoCAD 2008

 (11 Polar Array
.
.

(12

Center point X&Y

,
.

(13 :
Method and values
219 AutoCAD 2008
 - Total Number of items & angle to fill


.
- Angle to fill & angle between items

.
(14 :
:Total number of items
.4

:Angle to fill

.
, .

:Angle between items

.

220 AutoCAD 2008

 :Rotate items as Copied
.

Rotate items = 360

221 AutoCAD 2008

 = 360 Rotate items

= 180 Rotate items

:More more
.

222 AutoCAD 2008

 :Set to objects default
,
, :

, ,


, ,


223 AutoCAD 2008

Grip ) ( Region

base point X&Y
.
(14 Select
object
, Enter Array
OK .

224 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Move (

, Object snap
.

: Modify > move

move

. Select object

, . Enter

[Specify base point or [displacement .

,
Displacement .

225 AutoCAD 2008



Specify second point.

:
(1
.
(2 .

(3 .

226 AutoCAD 2008


Windows Word.

,
,

.

Window > tile vertically
,
.
.

. Copy with base point

:
(1 .
(2 Copy with base point
.
(3
.
(4 .
(5 Paste
base point .Object snap

Paste
Paste to original coordinates .

227 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Rotate , (

: .Modify > rotate

.
.Rotate

Select Object
.
.Enter

228 AutoCAD 2008


.Specify base point ,

.Object snap .

.
. [Specify rotation angle or [copy/reference

229 AutoCAD 2008

 45
= 45
,
- .45

[copy/reference] :

: Copy
.C :

230 AutoCAD 2008

 :Referenece
, R

.

) Scale (

43
. 86

Modify . Modify > scale

SC .
231 AutoCAD 2008

. Select Object

Specify base
. point

Osnap
.[Specify scale factore or [copy/reference

1 1
1
) ( 1 0.05..... 0.8 .
0.5 .

232 AutoCAD 2008

 :

:Copy C
.

: Reference

X Y
=
.
X .Y

:Points .

) Stretch (

. , ,
, , .

:
.Modify > stretch ,

233 AutoCAD 2008

 S .

. Select object Enter
:

,

,
end point , vertex
.
.

Specify base point.

d
Displacment ,

.

234 AutoCAD 2008



,
,
.

) Trim (

Modify

.

235 AutoCAD 2008

 :
. Modify > trim

tr .

Select object
. :

236 AutoCAD 2008


.

,
.

Enter
.
.

) ( .

Select object to trim or shift-select to extend

[ Or [ fence/crossing/project/edge/erase/undo

237 AutoCAD 2008



, ,

.

.Enter

238 AutoCAD 2008

 :
: Shift- select to extend
Trim
Extend .
Shift
.

:Fence
,
. .F

Fence

:Crossing
. .C

:Project
. 3 :

239 AutoCAD 2008

 : Non
.
.
:UCS x,y
.
:View
.

:Edge
.
.E

:Erase
,
. .Er

:Undo .Trim

240 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Extend (

.
Trim .

:
.Modify > Extend

, Modify

.Ex
241 AutoCAD 2008
 ,
, Select boundary edges

.Enter

:
Select object to extend or shift-select to trim

[ Or [ fence/crossing/project/edge/erase/undo

.

.

242 AutoCAD 2008

 :
Trim
.

:
Extend .Enter

Edge

Extend Enter an implied edge extension

<mode [Extend/No extend] <Extend

243 AutoCAD 2008



) ( Lengthen

.trim & Extend

. Modify > Lengthen

Select an object or

[[DElta/Percent/Total/Dynamic

244 AutoCAD 2008

 : Select an object

: Delta

. Angle ,

:Percent 100

100

, .

:Total

, .

: Dynamic

, osnap

245 AutoCAD 2008

 ..............................................................................

)(Aerial View

Pan & Zoom .

, View > aerial view

246 AutoCAD 2008



Zoom

Dynamic X , Pan

.Zoom

Esc .

Options

247 AutoCAD 2008

 : Auto viewport .

: Dynamic update

) Redraw (Regen

Vectors

) (

Redraw .Regen

248 AutoCAD 2008

 ,

Regen .redraw

Redraw

Regen ,

) Named Views (

, , View > Named Views

. View Manager

249 AutoCAD 2008

 Views

: Current .

: Model Views

: Layout Views

)( . Layout

250 AutoCAD 2008

 : Presst Views

.Views > 3D Views

, Views

New .New View

255 .

251 AutoCAD 2008

 Boundary Current display

Define window

Ok ) ( View

Manager ,

Set Current OK

View Manager ,

File > Open " "

select file ,

Select Initial View

, Open

252 AutoCAD 2008

 selsct initial view

OK

,
253 AutoCAD 2008
 ) (

). (.

File > Open

. Open

select file .

Open

, Partial

" Open " .

. Partial Open

254 AutoCAD 2008



Open .

. Load All

File > Partial Load Partial

Open

Ok .

)(Tiled Viewports

, ,

..

255 AutoCAD 2008



UCS .

64.

, View > Viewports

256 AutoCAD 2008



2 " , "

New

Viewports

.Viewports

257 AutoCAD 2008

 , 3d

setup

OK

View > Viewports > join

258 AutoCAD 2008



viewport 1 .View > viewports > 1 viewport

Zoom

, .

.Ok

, view > viewports > named viewports :

viewports

.OK

259 AutoCAD 2008

 :

Layout ,

260 AutoCAD 2008

 ) ( 2
)(polyline

: polyline :

Draw . polyline

polyline PL

261 AutoCAD 2008

 : Specify start point

50,50

[Specify next point or[Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width

: Width

W , Enter

Specify starting width 4 Enter

, ,Enter 2

@ 100,100 .Enter

262 AutoCAD 2008

 :

L Enter ,

. 50 .Enter

@ 0>25

25.

: A Arc

:/

/// // /

//] , r 25

@, 270>50

263 AutoCAD 2008

 L 50,50

. Enter C . Close

Explode

PEDIT
264 AutoCAD 2008
 Modify > Object > Polyline

.Modify II

.PEDIT

: Close

. Open

265 AutoCAD 2008

 :Join

:Width )(

:Edit Vertex ,

:Next .

:Previous .

:Break .

:Insert )(

:Move .

:Regen .

266 AutoCAD 2008

 :Straighten ,

:Tangent .

:Width

:Exit .

:Fit .

:Spline

267 AutoCAD 2008

 :Decurve Fit .Spline

: Ltype gen )(.

:Undo .

) Helix (

.
:

: Draw Helix

Helix

268 AutoCAD 2008

 :
Specify center point of base
)(
Number of turns=3,00 Twist=CCW
= 3 )(
, .
.
),(200,200 .Enter

: ) (
, [Specify base radius or[Diameter
,10 D
.

269 AutoCAD 2008

 :
5.

:
,

12 . Enter .
View<3Dviews .

270 AutoCAD 2008

 :Helix

:Axis endpoint

,Length+Orientasion
A
.

:Turns ) (
500 ,
T ,
.Enter

271 AutoCAD 2008

 50)(3D

:Turn Height


= ,
.
H .Enter

:tWist
Clockwise ) ,(CW
Counterclockwise ) .(CCW
.W .

272 AutoCAD 2008

 ) table (

,
.

:
, Draw< table

Table .

273 AutoCAD 2008

 Insert Table

:
(1 , Table style name
. Standard .

(2 ) :(Insertion Behavior

Specify insertion
, point

) (.


, , Specify window

274 AutoCAD 2008


,
.
(3 :
:Columns

:Column width

:Data Rows

:Row height

Table style

(4 , ok


Text formatting
,
,......
.

275 AutoCAD 2008

 Table style

, Standard

...
:
: Format< table style

276 AutoCAD 2008

 : Table style
: 3
: Set Current: .

:New .

:Modify .

New Create
New Table Style Continue

277 AutoCAD 2008

 : New Table Style
.

278 AutoCAD 2008

 ,:
: General Down,
,
up
.
:Cell margins .

Include
Title Row Title .
.

Include Header Row
Column Heads .
.

.

279 AutoCAD 2008



:Text style
][.
:Text height
Text style
, =
Standard = .

:Text color .

:Fill color .

:Alignment , Center
Middle .

:Format ) ,.
..( ][ .

280 AutoCAD 2008

 :Border properties ,


Grid line weight, grid color.

OK .

) Hatch (

,
Explode


.... .

.
.

:
,, ,
.
.
(1 Draw< hatch

281 AutoCAD 2008

 H ,
Hatch and Gradient
:
, Type :

Predefined
.Autodesk

:User defined

:Custom PAT FILE
.

:Pattern
Predefined .
282 AutoCAD 2008
:Swatch ,
.

: Custom Pattern
.
:Angle
. X

:Scale
.
:Double User Defined

Angle
Spacing .

283 AutoCAD 2008

 :Spacing User Defined
.
:ISO pen width
ISO User Defined
)(.

:Match origin

.
284 AutoCAD 2008
 ) (

:Use Current origin

.0 ,0
:Specified origin
:
:Click to set new origin .

:Default to boundary extents

,
, .

:Store as Default origin

.

285 AutoCAD 2008

 :Boundaries
:
:Add: pick point
.
:Add: select object
.

:Remove boundaries

Select object or [Add
[boundaries

:Select object .

:Add boundaries

:Recreate boundary
) (polyline or region
.
:View selections
.

:Options :

:Associative

.

286 AutoCAD 2008

 Associative

:Create separate hatches

,

,

.

:Draw order
.

:Inherit Properies
,

287 AutoCAD 2008


.

:Island
.
, Island detection
3 :Island display style ,

) :Normal( ,

......

Normal

):Outer( , .

288 AutoCAD 2008

 Outer

) Ignore:( ,
.

:Boundary retention
Polyline
, Region
, .Retain boundary

:
. wipeout

.Expres < Draw < Super Hatch

Super Hatch
.

289 AutoCAD 2008

 .

.

) Gradient (

,
Hatch .

.

290 AutoCAD 2008

 :Color .

One color :
.
.Select color

291 AutoCAD 2008


Tow color :

.

292 AutoCAD 2008


.

:Centered
.

:Angle . UCS

:
: .
: . Modify < Object < Hatch

, Hatch & Gradient

.
.

) Region (



...


.

293 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
, ,

, Select object
.

delobj 1.

) Boundary (

,
,
Boundary Creation
:
:Pick Points
.

.
.

294 AutoCAD 2008

 :Island detection
)(.

:Object type , :

:Polyline
.

:Region
) ( .

.

Wipeout ) (

295 AutoCAD 2008

 Frame
,
.

[Specify first point or[Frame/ polyline
Enter .

:
:Frame On Of
F

][Frame [of Frame [on

:Polyline
, Select a closed
, polyline .

296 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Revision cloud (
,
.

Revision cloud

297 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
.

:
Draw .

:
[Specify start point or[Arc length/Object/Style

Guide
crosshairs along cloud path
, .

:
:Arc length
. A

:Object O

298 AutoCAD 2008

 :Style S :

:Calligraphy
) ( . .C

Calligraphy

:Normal .
. N

Normal

) Text (

299 AutoCAD 2008

 :

Draw .Text

.T

- :
, Multilne text -1
Text ,Draw mt
.

, Specify first corner
,
.

Standard abc

.

300 AutoCAD 2008

 2.5

Text formatting

) (
.

301 AutoCAD 2008

 :

. Style1

) (font
.Andalus

0.4 Enter

302 AutoCAD 2008

 .

,

.

Ok
,

.

303 AutoCAD 2008

 :
Mtext

Text formatting
Degrees Plus/Minus ,
Diameter , .

304 AutoCAD 2008

 Other
Character Map .

Select
Character to copy Copy

Paste .

305 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
^ # / : space
Auto Stack Properties
.

: Text
formatting
.

306 AutoCAD 2008

 :

: .

: .

30

YY YY :
,
) , ,( ,
) , , (.
307 AutoCAD 2008
 :Single line text - 2 ,

.

, Draw< text< Single

line text dt ,

, [Specify start point of text or[Justify/style

,
, < Specify height < 2.5
,
)(
< Specify rotation angle of text < 0 Enter
, ,
, .
:
:Justify ) (J
:

:Align

308 AutoCAD 2008

 , ,A
.
:Fit
. Align
Fit Align
.

:Center .

:Middel .

:Right .

:TL,TC,TR , , .

:ML,MC,MR : , , .

, .

309 AutoCAD 2008


.
:
,
:
. : %%o

%%u :

: d%% .

: P%% .

: c%% .

310 AutoCAD 2008

 : %%% .

, DDEDIT


.

Editor setting .

.
)(Text style

Standard
Text formatting
311 AutoCAD 2008

.

:
-1 Format < text style .St

-2 ) ( Text style
.Standard

312 AutoCAD 2008

 -3 New ,
, New text style

Style1 .OK

-4 .Text style

313 AutoCAD 2008

 -5 , Font
name , .
.Prview

-6 Height .

-7 Effects:

:Upside down .

:Backwards .

:Vertical .
314 AutoCAD 2008
 :Width factor , 1
1 .
:Oblique angle .

-8 Apply .

Mtext
.

...................
.........

) ( 2
) Break (

. Gap

315 AutoCAD 2008

 (1 , Modify > Break

BR

(2 .Select object

(3 .

(4 .
.[ Specify second break point or [ first point

316 AutoCAD 2008


.

(5 ,
, ,

@0,0
.

, Break at point
.

317 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Join (

Break
.

:

:
.Modify > join

. J

,
:

318 AutoCAD 2008

 * :Line Select lines to join to
, source .

) (

* Polyline Select
, objects to join to source
, ,
,
.X&Y

* , Arc Select arcs to join to

, [ sourse or [ close

, ) ( ,
Close .

,
.

319 AutoCAD 2008

* ) (
arcs to join to sourse or [ close ] Select elliptica
.
, . Close
.

* ) ( Spline ) , ( helix
:
, Select splines or helixes to join to source
.
) (
.
.

) Chamfer (

320 AutoCAD 2008

 : , ,
, .

: .Modify > chamfer

cha .

:
Select first line
, [ or[ undo/polyline/distance/angle/trim/mEthod/ multiple

ChamferA
ChamferB ,
d
.
321 AutoCAD 2008
 , .

.
Select second line or shift-select to apply corner

,
.

Shift
. Extend

322 AutoCAD 2008

.
:
: Undo .

:Polyline ,

,
.
, P
, ,
.

:Distance
d :

Specify first chamfer distance

3
.Enter
Specify second chamfer distance
5 . Enter

323 AutoCAD 2008


. Select first line , .

Select second line ,

:Angle

. . A
,
, ,
.

324 AutoCAD 2008

 .

:Trim
Ttim or No Trim.

No trim trim

T
.
, [ Enter Trim mode option [ Trim / No trim
Trim . No trim .

: No trim TRIMMODE
0 ,
) (1
.

325 AutoCAD 2008

 :Method ,

.
, [ Enter trim method [ Distance / Angle
.D or A

:Multiple ,

.Enter

) Fillet (

.
.

326 AutoCAD 2008

 , , , , ,
, , .

: .Modify >Fillet

F .

:
, [ Select first line or[ undo/polyline/Radius /trim/ multiple

, ,
R , Enter
5.

327 AutoCAD 2008

 Select second line or shift-select to apply corner

,
. 5.

Shift
Fillet . Extend

:
: Undo .

328 AutoCAD 2008

 :Polyline ,

,
.
, P
, ,

:Radius ,
. R
.
, .
:Trim
Ttim or No Trim.

No trim Trim

329 AutoCAD 2008

 T
.
, [ Enter Trim mode option [ Trim / No trim
Trim . No trim .

: No trim TRIMMODE
0 ,
) (1
.
:Multiple ,

.Enter

) Explode (

.
,
.
:
.Modify > Explode

330 AutoCAD 2008


Select Objects ,

Enter ,


.

, , ,
.
XPLODE
EXPLODE . E

,
, Enter :

Enter an option[all/color/layer/ltype/lweight/inherit from

. [parent block/explode

331 AutoCAD 2008

 : All
, ...
. A
.
:Color , C
.
:Layer .

:Ltype .

:Lweight .

:Inherit from parent block

BBLOCK .0

:Explode .

) ( Grips

332 AutoCAD 2008

 ) ,
(..

.


.

Grips
Tools > Options
selection
Of
) . (



.

333 AutoCAD 2008

 Space
Move Copy Rotate .... Scale.

Otracking Osnap


.

,
,
.
.
,
.PEDIT

334 AutoCAD 2008


, SKPOlY Line
1 . Polyline

Ortho
. Osnap

SKETCH ,
<Record increment <1.0000
,
,
.

Record increment=30 Record increment=3

.
,

> .<Pen down

.

,Pen Up
.

335 AutoCAD 2008

 Enter
r
.

336 AutoCAD 2008



337 AutoCAD 2008



,
,
,


.

.

:
,
, Dimension
,
, .

338 AutoCAD 2008



.Dimension
.

339 AutoCAD 2008

 .

.
Linear: (1 ) (
.

340 AutoCAD 2008

 : Aligned (2 ) (.

:Arc length (3 , .

341 AutoCAD 2008

 :Ordinate (4 ) .( x,y

:Radius (5 .

:jogged (6 Radius

. zig zag

:Diameter (7 .
342 AutoCAD 2008
 :Angular (8 .

:Baseline (9
) ( .
343 AutoCAD 2008
 :Continue (10
.

344 AutoCAD 2008

 :Dimension space (11
.

:Dimension Break (12

.

Break

345 AutoCAD 2008

 :Multileader (13

) Text formating ( ,
.

:Multileader
Format Multileader style

Multileader style manager

346 AutoCAD 2008

 New . Create New
.Multileader style

New style name

.Continue

347 AutoCAD 2008

 Modify Multileader style
.... .

:Tolerance (14

.
.
, ) (ISO).(ANSI

) Tolerance (:

Dimension , Tolerance
.

348 AutoCAD 2008

 Geometric Tolerance
.

Sym ,
:

349 AutoCAD 2008



:

) (Position

)(concentricity

)(symmetry

)(Parallelism

)(Perpenicularity

)(angularity

)(cylindricity

350 AutoCAD 2008

 )(flatness

)(circularity

)(straightness

)(surface profile

)(line profile

)(circular runout

)(total runout

,
.

351 AutoCAD 2008


,
.

)( Datum
.A

) ( .
:

352 AutoCAD 2008

 :Center Mark (15
.+

:Inspection (16 Label

) (
3 , .
: Inspection Dimension
.
.

.Inspection dimension

353 AutoCAD 2008



. Select dimension
, .
,
OK :

354 AutoCAD 2008

 ) (

:Jooged linear (17

) (zig zag
.

) Dimension Edit (18 ( :

. .

355 AutoCAD 2008



:Home
, .
:New .

:Rotate .

:Oblique .

Home

356 AutoCAD 2008

 New

Rotate

Oblique

) :Dimension text edit (19

.
:

:Left ) (

357 AutoCAD 2008

 :Right ) (

:Center ) (

:Home
.

:Angle Dimension
Edit ,

)(associativity
2008
associative , 2002
, associative
2002
DIMASSOC ,2
:
: 0 .Explode

358 AutoCAD 2008

 : 1 ,
.
: 2 , .

,



,

.
:
(1 :
Dimension>Dimension style

(2 Format > Dimension style

359 AutoCAD 2008

 (3
(4 dimstyle

Dimension style
) Manager (
.

360 AutoCAD 2008

 :
: Current dimension style (1
,
styles All styles
.
: :Previw of (2
, Styles .

:Set Current (3
Styls ,
.

:New (4 ,
,
.

:Modify (5 ,
.

:Override (6 ,
.
.

361 AutoCAD 2008

 :Compare (7 ,
.
: :
(1 New .Dimension style manager

.Create new dimension style

:
:New style Name .

:Start With ,
.

:Annotative ) .
(
:Use for
.

362 AutoCAD 2008

 :Continue New Dimension Style
.

363 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
7 ... Lines,symbols& arrows,text,fit.

.
(2 Lines .

) (
:
:Color .

:Linetype ) , ....(.

:Line weight .

:Extend beyond ticks

.

364 AutoCAD 2008

 Extend=0

extension

Extend=1

. :Baseline spasing

Spacing
365 AutoCAD 2008
 :Suppress
, Dim line 1
. Dim line 2
.

366 AutoCAD 2008

 1 2
Fierst dim line suppressed

1 2
second dim line suppressed

) , ( Extension lines
...

.

367 AutoCAD 2008


:

:Extend Beyond Dim Lines

.

Extension distance

Extention distance=0

368 AutoCAD 2008

 :Offset From Origin
.

Offset

:Fixed Length Extension Lines

,
Length ,
.

Length

(3 , Symbols and Arrows

.
New Dimension style :
369 AutoCAD 2008
 :
Arrowheads:

:First

,
.

370 AutoCAD 2008

 :Second .

:Leader

:Arrow size .

:Center marks
.
.
non Marck Line Mark .Line

371 AutoCAD 2008



:Dimension Break ,
Break size.

:Arc Length symbol

, :
:Preceding Dimension text (1
) (.

372 AutoCAD 2008



:Above Dimension text (2

) (.

:Non (3 .

373 AutoCAD 2008

 :Radius jog dimension
) ( zig zag

.

:Jog Angle zig zag

374 AutoCAD 2008

 Jog Angle

:Linear Jog Dimension zig

zag
.
.

(4 , Text
.....

375 AutoCAD 2008

 :
(1 Text appearance
:
: Text style ,
Text
style
.

:Text color .

:Fill color
. .

376 AutoCAD 2008

 :Text height .

:Fraction height scale

.

(2 Text placement :

:Vertical
,
.:

:Centered , ,
.
.

377 AutoCAD 2008

 :Above ,
. :

:Oute side
.

:Jis

Japanese Industrial Standards Rules

378 AutoCAD 2008

 :Horizintal
, ,
:

:Centered ,
.
:At Ext line 1 1 1

( Specify first extension line ) :
.

:At Ext line 2 :

379 AutoCAD 2008
 :Over Ext line 1 :

:Over Ext line 1 :

380 AutoCAD 2008

 :Offset from dim line .

Offset

:Text alignment
:

:Horizontal
.
.

381 AutoCAD 2008

 :Aligned with dimension line
.

:ISO standard Iso

,
.

(5 , Fit
) , ( ,
.

382 AutoCAD 2008

 :

:(Either text or arrows(best fit

) ( .

383 AutoCAD 2008

 :Arrows
.

:Text ,
.

:Both text and arrows ) +(

, ) +(
.

:Always keep text between Ext lines

.

:Suppress Arows if they don't fit inside the Extension lines

.

384 AutoCAD 2008

 :Text Placement
:

:Beside the dimension line

.

:Over dimension line with leader

.

:Over dimension line without leader

.
385 AutoCAD 2008
 :Scale for dimension featurs
), , (.....,
.
,
.
:
:Annotative ,
.

:Scale dimension to layout

.
:Use overall scale of
, .

:Fine tuning :

:Place text manually

,
.

386 AutoCAD 2008

 :Draw dim line between ext line
.

Primary units (6
.
linear , Angular
drawing units
.

387 AutoCAD 2008

 :Linear dimension
, :

:Unit format
.

388 AutoCAD 2008

 :
:Scientific . :

:Decimal . :

:Engineering . :

:Architectural . :

:Fractional . :

:Windows Desktop
Windows
Start>setting>control panel>regional setting
389 AutoCAD 2008

, .

:Precision
) (.

:Fractional format

.

:Horizontal :

390 AutoCAD 2008

 :Digonal :

:Not stacked
.

:Decimal separator ,
.

:
:Period

:Comma

391 AutoCAD 2008

 :Space

:Round of )(
.
:Prefix
: inch,cmmm

:Suffix .

Prefix

Suffix

:Measurement scale
) (
.scale factor = 2
4 , 8 .

392 AutoCAD 2008

 Apply to layout dimension only
.

:Zero suppresion .

:Leading , ) ( 0.5 ) (5.

:Traling , 5.600 ) (5.6

feet 0 . inch 0

:Angular dimension
:

:Units format
.

393 AutoCAD 2008

 :Precision
.

:Zero suppresion ,
.

:Leading , 0.09
9.

:Traling , 45.0 45

(7 Alternate Units
,
),..... ,
(.

.

394 AutoCAD 2008


:

: Multiper for all units

,
, 100
2.54.
395 AutoCAD 2008

.

(8 Tolerances
.

.
+

:Tolerance format
. :

396 AutoCAD 2008

 :Method ,
, 4 :

:Symmetrical
= , = .
Upper Value
Lower Value
.

:Deviation
, Upper&lower Value
.

397 AutoCAD 2008

 :Limits
) . (.

:Basic
.

398 AutoCAD 2008

 :Precision
.

:Upper Value , Symmetrical

.

:Lower Value , Diviation

, & limit .Upper Value

:Scaling for height

.
.1

:Vertical Position
, :

:Bottom .

399 AutoCAD 2008

 :Middle

:Top .

:Tolerance alignment
, Diviation & limit
:

:Align decimal separators .

400 AutoCAD 2008

 :Align operational symbols + .-

:Zero suppresion
,Primary units .

:Leading , ) ( 0.5 ) (5.

:Traling , 5.600 ).(5.6

feet 0 . inch 0

:Alternate unit tolerance

, Precison
zero suppresion .

.
401 AutoCAD 2008
 (9
ok close

************************************************

402 AutoCAD 2008



,
...... ,
, .

,
.

.


.
,
.
,
.


.

.

403 AutoCAD 2008



0
,
.0

:
(1 ) ( Layer properties manager
.

.Format > Layer

404 AutoCAD 2008


, Layer
.
, Dash board . Palette

,Dashboard Palette , Tools > Palette

.
.La

:
(1 , .

405 AutoCAD 2008

 (2 ,
, , .
.

(3 , ,
All )
( , All used lyers
, .

(4 ,
12.
.

: Status

: . .
): ( .
) : ( .

, Name
, .
of on On
.

406 AutoCAD 2008

 Freeze ) ( Freeze
.Thaw .
. Lock
, Color
, .
) , ( ... Linetype

.
. Lineweight
) . (. Plot style
) , (, Plot
.
New vp freeze
) , (Viwports
.
, . Description

Model Layout
,
...
, viwports
.

) ( , (2 : new layer
, Layer 1 ) ( ,
. Enter
407 AutoCAD 2008
 250 , ,
=, < > : * ; " \ / ,
.

(3 ) , ( ..,
) .( default
,
) .(Select color index
color , Ok ) True
( Color :

( HSL: ( Hue , Saturation , luminance ) ,

, (.
( RGB:( Red,Green,Blue
.

408 AutoCAD 2008

 (4
).
, (.Continuous (select linetype).

409 AutoCAD 2008

 , Load
,
.acad.lin
lin
file
.

410 AutoCAD 2008

 Ok
, Select color
. .

,
highlight OK
.

(5 ) , ( Lineweight
. , lineweight
, Ok
.

411 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
= 0.25 ,
.
,
Lwt
.
:
(1 0,01 0,25.
(2
.
(3 = 1 ,
.
(4
,
.Zooming

(5
Format > Lineweight

412 AutoCAD 2008

 Lineweight Setting
.
(6 LWT
On . Of

(6 OK
, ,
.

:
,
Set current

413 AutoCAD 2008

 OK .

:
.

) (

Dashboard .

, .
:
.ON , OF

. Freeze

Locked/ Unlocked

:

.

414 AutoCAD 2008

 .

On

, Of

.

Thawed
. Viweports
Viweports Freez
,
.
. Thawed
in
current
v.ports
Freez in
, current
. v.ports
Unlocked , .

, Locked
.

415 AutoCAD 2008

 . Plot

, No plot
.

,


.

, :
(1 ) Layer states manager (

, .

.
New .

416 AutoCAD 2008



Dashboard
, .Layer properties manager

dashboard

(2 New ,
. New Layer State to save

417 AutoCAD 2008

 (3 ,
) ( .

.Ok

(4 OK Layer ststes manager

.

418 AutoCAD 2008

 .

(5 , Layer properties to restor

.

.
(6 , close
, .

(7 ,
,
. las file Export
.Expoort layer stste

419 AutoCAD 2008

 , file name
,save in .Save

.
, Layer
state manager ,
.Restore

420 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
, Layer state manager Import
.import layer stste

Export .

Open :

421 AutoCAD 2008

 las ,
Yes .

:
DWG .dwg
Export Save File
.

dwg
select layer ststes

, OK .Layer state manager

. Restore

422 AutoCAD 2008


. .

,
,

:
(1 ,

.
(2 ,
,
.

423 AutoCAD 2008

 (1 (2

,

.
) (
,
,
a , .... b
:

424 AutoCAD 2008

 : Properties Filter (1
, a
.
:
) , (Layer properties manager

New property Filter

). (Layer Filter Proporties

.Filter name

.
STA
S .
425 AutoCAD 2008
 : Group Filter(1
,

,
.
:

) (Layer properties manager

) .( new Group Filter

426 AutoCAD 2008



. All

) ( .

427 AutoCAD 2008


.

) (

select layers
Add .

428 AutoCAD 2008


.

Enter
.

Invert filter .

429 AutoCAD 2008



.
Delete
.
, Purge
File < Drawing Utilities < Purge Purge

:
.
, , View items you can Purge
+ .
Purge
Purge All .
430 AutoCAD 2008

, Confirm each iteme to be Purged Purge
nested items .

) (

,


, .

.Modify > Change By Layer

:
Dashboard .

431 AutoCAD 2008

 , ByLayer
.
, ByBlock 7
, select
Color
.
: ) , (....

other .Line type Manager

Load
.

432 AutoCAD 2008

 Ok line type
, Manager OK
.

.

,

,
. .........

.
.

433 AutoCAD 2008


) .( x,y,z

)( region
.

-1
: , Tools
Inquiry . Status

434 AutoCAD 2008

 ) : ( Model space limits

,
.
) Model Space uses ( :

.
** over
.
: Display shows .

: Insertion base
. INSBASE
: Snap resolution x&y
. Snapunit
435 AutoCAD 2008
 : Grid spacing x&y
. GRIDUNIT
: Current space ) (.

) .(Z

......
.

: Time

.
Tools
Inquiry time .

436 AutoCAD 2008


.

437 AutoCAD 2008

 :
:Current time .

:Created .

:Last updated .

:Total editing time

.
:Elapsed time

.
.
On of reset

:Next automatic save

.
438 AutoCAD 2008

Option
Open & sava Automatic save
.

): (System variables

,


.

Tools
Inquiry .Set variable

439 AutoCAD 2008


,
,
<*> Enter variable to list Enter

.

440 AutoCAD 2008

 .
,
on ,of 0 of
1 .on

,
,
SETVAR

) (.
) ,( read only
.

441 AutoCAD 2008

 -2
:
,

... .
) ( , Tools
Inquiry , List
.
.

List

442 AutoCAD 2008



:
.
, Tools Inquiry
, di .Distance
.
Specify firs
, point object
snap ,
, Specify second point
, .

443 AutoCAD 2008

 x,y
x,y,z .
:
Tools Inquiry Id point

, Id

.
.Specify point

, object snap
:

:

,
.
Tools Inquiry
Area
Area
.

, .

444 AutoCAD 2008

 (1


, Object snap ,
.
Enter
, .

Area = 389.5615, Perimeter = 123.7622

(2
,
,
.
Object .
, Area O
, Object
,Select object ,

.

445 AutoCAD 2008

 Enter ,
, area+length
length .Perimeter

1 (3 ,

polyline ,
.
,
draw
, ) ( Boundary

446 AutoCAD 2008

 , pick points
,

).(BOUNDARY created 1 polyline
area
, ( O ( object
2
.

(4

447 AutoCAD 2008

 , Add Subtract
:
Area A
Add , Enter O
.

, A . (Add Enter
O ,
, Enter
Add S Subtract O
) ( Enter
,
.

448 AutoCAD 2008

 :

:
,
.
)
(.... .
, insert , field field

field name object object type

449 AutoCAD 2008

 ,

, property


,
.
,
property .

450 AutoCAD 2008

 Area , OK

.

) ( format
.

451 AutoCAD 2008

 ) ( :
), (properties

.

properties ,
,modify
.

452 AutoCAD 2008


Tools > Palettes > Quickcalc
Ctr+8 quickcalc qc
.
,
.

453 AutoCAD 2008

 :

, Intersection of tow lines defined by four points :

.
: Angle of line defined by two points :
.

: Distance between two points :

.
: Get coordinats : .

:History Area ,
.Input box

1-3/(1+4)*3 4
312

*****************************************
**************************

454 AutoCAD 2008

 Block (


,
,
,


,

.
...
.


.
,
,
.

) ( Make block

:
(1 :
, Draw Block
make

455 AutoCAD 2008

 .
B .block

(2
Block Definition .

456 AutoCAD 2008

 (2
Door
255
,
.

(3 Object Select
object
.

(4
Select Object ,


457 AutoCAD 2008

.

(5 , Enter
.

458 AutoCAD 2008

 (6 Pick point Base Point


.
:
Specify insert base point

(7
object snap .

459 AutoCAD 2008

 object snap

(8
X,Y ,
.

.
Z .

460 AutoCAD 2008

 (9 :
:Block unit

.Unitless

:Description .

:Retain
.
: Convert to Block
.
:Delete .

: Annotativ
.Annotativ Object

:Scale uniformly
, X, Y
.
:Allow exploding )
(.

(10 ok ,
open in block editor
Block editor
) (Dynamic blocks
.

461 AutoCAD 2008

 :
,
,
:
(1 File . Export Exp

(2 Export data

462 AutoCAD 2008

 (3 :Save in
File name: door
.
:Files of type .[Block [*dwg

(4 , Save
Enter name of existing block

= Enter

.

463 AutoCAD 2008



:
.1 .
.2 . wblock

.3 ) ( Write Block Entire drawing

, Source
Objects .

.4
.
.5 Block
OK .

.6 Objects
.
464 AutoCAD 2008
 :
door .
:
(1 , , Insert<Block

(2 . Insert

465 AutoCAD 2008

 (3 Name
, ,
, , door
.

(4 :
,
X,y,z insertion point
Specify on screen
.

x,y,z , Scale
Uniform scale
,
, x,y,z
Specify on screen
.

0 90
angle ,Rotation

. Specify on screen

. Scale

Explode
.

466 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
, . OK

(5
, Specify.
insertion point

(6 object snap


.

.

(7 , Scale

Specify scale factor 1

.
467 AutoCAD 2008

= . 0
.

.

,
Browse
, Open Insert
.OK

, Undo
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
468 AutoCAD 2008
 .4 , .Yes

) ( Design Center

,

) ( , Design Center
. ctrl+2

Block
, Preview

.Description

" " :

469 AutoCAD 2008

 (1
Insert .

(2
) ( ,
.
Tool Palettes

.
Palettes
.
:
(1
.
(2 Tool Palettes

(3
.New Palette

470 AutoCAD 2008

 (4 New Palette .Enter

(5

.
(6 .

.
Properties

471 AutoCAD 2008

 )(Dynamic Blocks


,

.
Parameter
) ACTION(.

Parameter
.
Action parameter ...

,
, block editor Open
, in Block editor
.Edit Block Definition
OK .block editor

472 AutoCAD 2008


, .

3 Parameter
Action . Parameter sets

, Parameter :
Parameter
Action Actions
.Parameter

473 AutoCAD 2008

 Parameter
. Move / stretch Point
move , stretch , Linear
array , scale
move , stretch , Polar
array , scale , ,
. polar stretch
move , stretch , XY
.xy array , scale
. Rotate Rotation
. Flip Flip
. Non Alignment
. Non Visibility
Loockup Loockup

474 AutoCAD 2008

 . Non Base point

parameter
.
,Linear
Specify start point or .
[[Name/Label/Chain/Description/Base/Palette/Value set

linear label ,
.
, , Action
grips
grip Display
1 , .

475 AutoCAD 2008


,
Action
. stretch

476 AutoCAD 2008


,
.
.
.
label .

) ( Visibility Parameter

,
,
, :
.1 Block Editor
.
.2 Visibility .

.3 Manage Visibility State

Visibility States

477 AutoCAD 2008

 .4 Visibility state 0
.enter

.5 new new visibility state

.6 ,
leave visibility of existing objects
, unchanged in new state
,
.

478 AutoCAD 2008

 ..........

) ( Attributes

, ,

. Label

:

.
Draw > Block > Difine
, Attributes , Attribute Definition
:
" :"Mode ,
, AFLAGS
,
:

479 AutoCAD 2008

 : Invisible ,
.

: Constant .

:Verify
.
:Preset .

:Loch position )( ,
Loch
Grips , Unlock
.
: Multiple line .

480 AutoCAD 2008

 " :" Attribute ,:

:Tag

...
Prompt ,
Tag .
Constant .

: Default .

) :(text ,
:
:Annotative ,
.
:Boundary Width
.
,
specify on screen Insertion point Ok
. Tag

Align Below
Previous Attribute Definition
.
Draw > Block > make
.

481 AutoCAD 2008

 , Insert > block ,
.

. Modify > object > text > edit

:
.
.
.
.
) , , , (.
Modify > object > attribute > Block
Attribute Manager Block Attribute
.Manager

482 AutoCAD 2008





1-1

.
:
,

,
,
,
Draft
.

:Model space
.
.

.

Disply layout and Model taps

483 AutoCAD 2008

 )(Paper Space

, Model Space

, ...

,
.


, )
(Layouts

Paper Space

.

, Floating Viewports
.

,
.
.Paper Space

Layout model / layout Paper
.

484 AutoCAD 2008


.

Paper

)(layout

485 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
.

.
Paper , Model


) .( Floating Model Space

,

.
Model .

).(Layout Wizard

.Paper space

:
-1 , Tools > Wizards > Creat layout
.creat layout

-2 Enter a name for the

, new layout you are creating . next

486 AutoCAD 2008



-3 printer
,
.Next

-4 Paper size
. Next

487 AutoCAD 2008



-5 Oriention portrait
landscape . Next

-6 Titel block ,
Block Xref
.Next

488 AutoCAD 2008



-7 Define Vieports
, Viewport setup
:
:Non -1 .

:Single -2 1 .

:Std.3d Engineering Views -3 )

(22 , ,.
:Array -4
.
Viewport Scale ,
, Select to fit
, .Next

489 AutoCAD 2008



-8 Pic Location
select location ) (
. Next

-9 Finish Finish
.

490 AutoCAD 2008

 = 4

managing

256 Layout Model
, space , Layout Layout
:

491 AutoCAD 2008

 * : New layout layout.

* : From template , select

, template from file dwg
dwt , dxf

.

* :Delete layout.

* :Rename ,
.
* :Move or copy layout ,
:

492 AutoCAD 2008

 * : Select all layouts layouts
.
* :Activate previous layout .

* :Page setup manager .

* :Plot .

* :Publsh selected layouts

, layouts PUBLISH .

493 AutoCAD 2008

 * : Hide layout and model tap
.

Page setup manager

layout
, layouts
,
New , New Page setup
, . OK

494 AutoCAD 2008

 Page Setup layout .

:
* :Printer/plotter .

* : Paper size .

* :Plot Area .

* :Plot offset .

495 AutoCAD 2008

 * :Plot scale
.
* :plot style table .

:
: Acad.ctb .

:Grayscale.ctb
.
: Monochrome.ctb
.
: Screening25%.ctb Draft
, 75, 50 , 25
.%100
* :Shaded Viewport Options
, Layout
:
:As Displayed .
:Wireframe .
:Hidden .
:3D Hidden .
:3D Wireframe .
:Conceptual .
:Realistic )(.
:Rendered .

496 AutoCAD 2008

 quality , resolution
.

* :Plot option
.
:Plot Object Lineweights
.
:Plot with Plot Styles .

:Plot Paperspace Last .

:Hide Paperspace Objects

,
.

* :Drawing Orientation , Portrait

.Landscape .Plot Upside-Down

Page setup OK
Page setup manager
Set current close .

tiled

)(floating viewports

,

, Tiled viewports
:

497 AutoCAD 2008


,
.

.

.
.

,
.
Tiled
.

.

View > viewports

:
: Named Viewports
Tiled
Viewports
. Named Viewports

: New Viewports
.New Viewports

498 AutoCAD 2008

 OK
.

499 AutoCAD 2008



.

3 layout
:
-1 :SOLVIEW

-2 :SOLDRAW

-3 :SOLPROF

.....

)(Scale

, :
* ,

, Ctrl+1
Standard
. Scale

500 AutoCAD 2008


VP scale
Custom
.

* View > Zoom > Scale

, (Enter a scale factor (nX or nXP
. XP

501 AutoCAD 2008

,
on ,
.

File > plot .

Plot
.Page setup

OK
,Name

,

previous plot .Name

. Number of copies

502 AutoCAD 2008


) ( External References

,
) (Xrefs
.
.

, .

.

.
.

,
, Reference

.

503 AutoCAD 2008

 Attace Xref

.Insert > DWG Referenc

, Select Reference File

.Open

External Reference

504 AutoCAD 2008

 :Reference Type

: Attachment
.
:Overlay ,
,
.
Path Type ,

.

.
OK .

. Zoom Extents

,
.

Xopen
,
, Tool > Paletts > External References

, Open
.

505 AutoCAD 2008



. ...
:
, .
:
.
Referenc edit Ok
. Refedit

Nested

. .
.

506 AutoCAD 2008



.
,
,
.

.

, Dwg
, PDF
.

eTransmit

.
, File > e Transmit Create
.transmittal

507 AutoCAD 2008

 .

, .

Transmittal Setup
, . Transmittal Setup

new Modify .

508 AutoCAD 2008

 , New Transmittal Setup ,
. Continue

.Modify Transmittal setup

Transmittal package Type

:
:(Folder (set of files
.
: (Self-Extracting Executable (exe
.

509 AutoCAD 2008

 : Zip
.WinZip

Fil Format

.
.Transmittal file folder

, Transmit File name EXE , ZIP

,
,
.

510 AutoCAD 2008

 , Transmital Options
.
: Use Organized Folder Structure
, Transmittal package Pac
.
: Place All Files in One Folder
.
:Keep Files and Folders As Is
.
:Include Fonts
.
:Include Textures from Materials
.
:Include Files from Data Links
.EXEL

:Include Photometric Web Files

.Photometric
:Send E-mail with Transmittal
.
:'Set Default Plotter to 'None
.
:Bind External References .
:Prompt for Password
.
. OK

511 AutoCAD 2008

 Transmittal Setup
. Close

,Create transmittal Files

Tap , Add
Files open.

.View Report

OK Send E mail
, ,
.

) ( Hyperlinks

,
.
:
.
.Insert > Hyperlink
.

512 AutoCAD 2008

 Insert Hyperlink

, Link to
:
: Existing File or Web Page -1
, .

513 AutoCAD 2008

 Recent Files ,
Browsed Pages Inserted Links ,
.
: View of this drawing -2
Named View . Camera

-3 ,
.

, File
Web Page
Target .

Text to display ,
.Tooltip

Use Relative Path for Hyperlink

Type the File or
.Web Page Name

Convert DWG Hyperlinks to DWF

DWF
.DWG

OK .

,

.

514 AutoCAD 2008

 Ctr ,
,

DWF

DWG .

DWG
.
DWF

) , ( Desgin Web Format

,
) ( Autodesk Desgin Review

http://www.autodesk.com.

515 AutoCAD 2008

 DWF

DWF Image
,
. PDF

:
, Vector
.

, .

.
.
2D DWF

,
, File > Publish .Publish

.
516 AutoCAD 2008
 ,
:
.Windows Explorer

Add Sheets

.Select drawing

Load sheet list .Saved

Save sheet List

, Save list As
dsd Extension

, Model Tab , Layout Tabs
.

. Remove Sheets

) (

, Publish To

, DWF DWF
,
, . dwf

Plotter named in page setup

Layouts ,

517 AutoCAD 2008

 Page
setup

Publish options
, Publish Options
. DWF

:
.
DWF
Viewer
.

518 AutoCAD 2008


. Publish

.
,

. On/of

.
Sheet
.set

, 3D
.
Publish
Select DWF File
, select
, , No
.
dwf

. Viewer

519 AutoCAD 2008

 3D DWF

3D DWF File
, .
File Export Export Data

dwf
Files Of type , Save

520 AutoCAD 2008


. Viewer

) ( Snap Rotation

,
,
.
:
.

.
) ( .USC

.

SNAPANG Enter new value for
<SNAPANG <0 45
.

,
) ( WCS World Coordinate System
, )
(UCS User C oordinate System .
521 AutoCAD 2008
 ) , ( 2D X
Y
) , ( 0,0 .

WCS

, .

UCS

,
.
,
ACAD

522 AutoCAD 2008

 UCS
.

UCS ) ( Tools
New UCS .

523 AutoCAD 2008

 :UCS

:World (1 ) ( WCS
, , 0,0
:Previous (2 UCS .

:Face (3
.

,
.

524 AutoCAD 2008


:Object (4 ,
,


, X .

,
X
,

525 AutoCAD 2008

 :View (5

:Origin (6
.
:Z Axis Vector (7 Z
, .2D

:3Point (8
3 ,
, X , Y

.
:X (9 , Y,Z
) X ( , .3D

:Y (10 , X,Z
)Y ( , .3D

:Z (11 , X,Y
)Z ( , .2D

:Apply (12 ,View ports

UCS
.
:
.

, Tools .Named UCS

526 AutoCAD 2008

 UCS ,
,Named UCSs Unnamed
,
255 .

.OK

527 AutoCAD 2008


Tools Named UCS
Set Current .OK

:

, 0,0 0,0
.

) ( PAN & ZOOM
, .UCS Icon

View Display UCS

Icon

528 AutoCAD 2008

 :
:On (1 ,
, .
:Origin (2 0,0 ,

,0,0 .
:Proporties (3
, UCS Icon

2D 3D
Preview
, ,
,
.

529 AutoCAD 2008

, SAVETIME
,
15 15 ,
.
SAVETIME ,
.
,
,
.
SETVAR ,

, [?] Enter variable name or ,

, :<*> Enter variable(s) to list Enter

,
.

530 AutoCAD 2008

..........................................................................
.............................................................
........................................

531 AutoCAD 2008



532 AutoCAD 2008
 :

,

,
.Z

,


.

:
- 1 ) , : ( Wireframe

3D
) ( X,Y,Z
.
- 2YY YY :

.
- 3YY YY :
.

533 AutoCAD 2008
 (1 :3D

) (

) ( X1,Y1 ) ( X2,Y2

) ( X1,Y1,Z1 ) . ( X2,Y2,Z2

(Z (Z1,Z2
Z
3D Z
.
:3D

(1 : 2D
Z ) ( X,Y,Z
.Enter

(2 : )
( X,Y,Z @ x1,y1,z1
.2D

(3 ) :( Cylindrical Coordinats
( 2D( Polar Coordinats
, 45,7>5 , 5
X ) ( 0,0 45
X 7 .Z

@ @.45,7>5
Dynamic
.input

534 AutoCAD 2008

 (4 ) :( Spherical Coordinats
, 60> 30>5 5
, ,
30 XY , X 60
XY .Z

(2 .Thickness

, 2D
,

,
.

.

Tools Palettes
. Proprties

535 AutoCAD 2008

 Ctr+1
. Ctr+1

,
General Thickness= 0
.Enter

2D
) ( ,
3D

536 AutoCAD 2008

 View 3D Views SW
. isometric

.

,
) .( WireFrame

) Hide (.

537 AutoCAD 2008

 Hide View , Hide

, Regen .
View
.

,

,
.
538 AutoCAD 2008

View
,
10 .
View
,

View .

. Top (1

Bottom (2

.

, Left (3
.

, Right (4
.

, Front (5
.

, Back (6
.

- SW Isometric (7

539 AutoCAD 2008

 - SE Isometric (8
.

- NE Isometric (9
.

- NW Isometric (10

,
. Viewpoint presets

, View > 3d View > Viewpoint presets

. Viewpoint presets

540 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
X , XY
270 90

180 ,
.

XY Z =
90
35,5 ,
.

, )(
Glyph .Grips

View

.CAMERA

Specify camera location

, x,y .

, Specify target location

,
:

541 AutoCAD 2008

 ? :
, Enter
.
:Name ) (.

:Location .

:Hight .

:Target .

:Lens
, ) . (
:Clipping .

:View .

:Exit .

) (Lense length ) (Field of view

100 15
84 20
74 24
65 28

542 AutoCAD 2008

 54 35
40 50
24 85
15 135
10 200

Grips .

tool palette
Normal Wide angle . Etrem Wide angle

.

. set camera view

) tipod & compass (

,
, View > 3Dviews > Viewpoint
Compass . Tipod

compass ,
) ,(n,0,0 ) , (n,n,0
).(n-,0,0

.

, .
543 AutoCAD 2008
 .
.
x .

X .

Y .

Compass Tipod

) Visual style (

,

,
, 5 :
:2D Wireframe
, ,
, .
:3D Wireframe
,
, .
544 AutoCAD 2008
 :3D Hidden
.

:Realistic
.

:Conceptual
Gooch face style .

545 AutoCAD 2008

 Dashboard
.

Dashboard Visul style

View > Visual style

.

Visual Style

546 AutoCAD 2008
 Visual style

.

Visual style Manager Pallete
Dashboard > View > visual style

.visual style Manager

547 AutoCAD 2008



Create new visual style

548 AutoCAD 2008



Tool Palette

" "
.

,
Copy Paste
, ,
:
face stting :

:Face Styles Real ,

Gooch, non non
.
:Lighting Quality
,
.
:Highlights
30- -
100 100 .

: Opacity .

549 AutoCAD 2008

 .
: Environment setting ,
.
Edge settings ,
.
Jitter & over hang
.
, Jitter & over hang Silhouette
.Dashboard

over hang Jitter Silhouette

over hang

550 AutoCAD 2008

 Jitter

" " ,
.

Perspective Projection

,
.

, PERSPECTIVE
1 .
3D Navigate Dashboard

551 AutoCAD 2008

 3d Orbit

,

.
View > Orbit > Constrained Orbit

Constrained XY Z

3D Navigate Dashboard

Constrained Orbit

3D Navigation

.

.

552 AutoCAD 2008


, Shift shift
.

Free Orbit
.
.
Arcball 4
"" ,
.

, .

.


,:

553 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Compass ( : 3
X , Y , Z

) Grid ( : . X,Y

UCS icon .

orbit
Visual Aids .

Compass

, Continous orbit

,
.

Orbit
554 AutoCAD 2008
 orbit
,
Zoom & Pan ...

) ( Walk

,
.
View > Walk and Fly > Walk

3D Navigation

3D Navigate .Dashboard

555 AutoCAD 2008

 Orbit
:
Other Navigation Modes > Walk

,

.
,
.

close Position
locator +

556 AutoCAD 2008

 .

.
Target
.indicator

:Position indicator color

.
:Position Indicator Size 3 , ,
,.
:Position Indicator Blink .

:Target Indicator .

:Target Indicator Color

.

557 AutoCAD 2008

 : Target Z z.

:Preview Transparency
,
. 95
:Preview Visual Style .

W
,
,
.Position locator

Walk

Walk
, and fly settings View > Walk and
. Fly > Walk and fly settings

.3D Navigation

3D Navigate .Dashboard

, Walk and
.Fly setting

558 AutoCAD 2008

 :
, .
.Position locator

/.

) ( Fly

, x,y
.
F .

Orbit

.Other Navigation Modes >Fly

.View > Walk and Fly > Fly

559 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
, X,Y
.

Movie file

.
,
animation settings 3d navigate
. Dashboard

Orbit
.animation settings

animation settings

560 AutoCAD 2008

 resolution
, frame rate ,
, MOV
, Apple Quick time player WMV
Windowse Media Player 9 ,
. AVI

, Walk/Flye
dashboard Start Recording
, .

. Save Animation

, Dashboard
.
save as
.

561 AutoCAD 2008

,
,
,

.
, View > motaion path animation
motaion path animation

:
camera ,

.
Target ,
.
Animation settings
, .
.Resolution

562 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
, corner deceleration
) (.
Preview ,
.
.OK

Save as .

DView

.
3d Orbit
. DView

3D Orbit DView
.
DView .

dview
all .

) ( dviewblock
, .

563 AutoCAD 2008

 :

, 2D
, :
, Current Thickness Format
, Thickness
),
= (.
, <Enter new value for THICKNESS <0.0000


.2D

,
THICKNESS
.

.
Z ) : ( Elevation
, X,Y
= ,
X,Y Plan X,Y
, , Z
= Z .

564 AutoCAD 2008

 (1 = 6
= 0,3 .

(2
5 Enter
, Scape 0,2 .

(3 2D 3D View
3D Views , SW isometric
.X,Y

(3 ,
View Z= 5
, .

565 AutoCAD 2008

 (4
Hide View , Hide .

Z
:
(1 Move 2D
Move
Enter
0.0.5
, Z Enter .

(2 . 3DMOVE

566 AutoCAD 2008



3
-1 -2 , -3 , .

.




) ( Mesh
.

567 AutoCAD 2008

 ) (

,
: ,
.
(1 :

:

Solid 2 , 2Solid
, 2d solid Draw mish 2d
.solid

, 2d solid
Modify > 3d operation > convert to
surface

568 AutoCAD 2008


, Enter
.

Surface 2d Solid

,
DELOBJ
DELOBJ
, 1 1 .

) Region ( Region
) (.
> Modify > 3d operation
convert to surface
.
569 AutoCAD 2008
 Region Surface

,Polyline ,= ,> .

Surface with thickness Polyline

,
, Draw
> .

570 AutoCAD 2008

 Surfaces Line & Arc

(2YY YY YY :3dface
,

.

,
.
.
,
.
3dface
Draw > Modeling > Meshes > 3D face

,

,

,

571 AutoCAD 2008

 )
( ,
) (
,
...

Enter . Escape

3dface

:
.
:
, Draw > Modeling > Meshes > Edge
,
Enter .

572 AutoCAD 2008

 ********************************
(3 :PFACE
) ( Polygon
,
,
2d
.ebject snap

:
(1
.
(2 .
(3 Explode
.3d face

(4

.
.

,
573 AutoCAD 2008
 , Draw polygon
copy ,
.

:
(1 PFACE .

(2 ) Specify location for vertex 1

, 1 ,
.... 14
. Enter

(3
)
, (Face 1 vertex 1 Enter vertex number ... 1 7
Enter
Enter.

574 AutoCAD 2008

 (4 Face vertex 2
Enter vertex number 8 14
.
(5 1 7
13 14 .
(6 7 8 12 13 5 8
12 11

9
7 ,
:

View > Hide ,
.

575 AutoCAD 2008

 ********************************

(4 Planar surface

X , Y

, , Rectangle
.

576 AutoCAD 2008

 Draw Modeling
, Plan Surface Specify First covner

Enter .

, ) ( Object
.Plan Surface

Plan Surface
> < Object
.

(5 :3dmesh

M N
,Vertex
, M N
, PEDIT
, .

.PEDIT

. Draw > Modeling > Meshes > 3d Mesh :

577 AutoCAD 2008


,( M ( Enter size of mesh in M direction
5 Enter
N .4

)(

,

) ( 0,0 ) ( 0,1 ) ( 0,2
) ( 1,0 ) ( 1,1 )
( 1,2 Vertex = 5
4 .

578 AutoCAD 2008

 :PEDIT
polylines
.
Modify Object
. Polyline

Modify II 2

.PEDIT

, Select Polyline
, 3d mesh

.

3d
mesh:

: Edit vertex , X

.

579 AutoCAD 2008

 Next, Previous, left, Right, Up & Down ,
X Move
Regen Exit .

Move

:Smooth surface
.

580 AutoCAD 2008

 Smooth Surface

:Desmooth .

:Mclose M .

:Nclose .N

Mclose

581 AutoCAD 2008

 Nclose

:Undo .

(6 ) ( :basic shapes

, 9
3d 3d
_ai , .ai_box

(1 : box
,
, , box
.

582 AutoCAD 2008

 , Specify corner point of box
Specify length of box
[Specify width of box or [cub
,
Specify hight of box
, Z
. Specify rotation angle of box about z axis

hide View

583 AutoCAD 2008

 (2 : Cone .
,

.
Cone


=
,
,
,
.

(3 ) :( Sphere
.
Sphere ai_sphere
,

, .

584 AutoCAD 2008

 Sphere

(4 ) : ( Dome ,
, ,

8 16 .

Dome

(5 ) :( Dish
.

585 AutoCAD 2008

 (6 ) :( Torus
, donut
.
Torus
, ai_tours

d ,
,
) (tube

.

(7 ) ) :pyramid ,
3
4 .
Pyramid

586 AutoCAD 2008
 Specify fourth corner point for base of
, [pyramid or [Tetrahedron Tetrahedron


, :
, [Specify apex point of pyramid or [Ridge/Top

)Apex(

Ridge
) ( .

) Ridge(

top

.

587 AutoCAD 2008

 top

(8 )Wedge( : box
.
Wedge
X
Y
Z .Enter

(9 ) Mesh (: Planer Surface
.

588 AutoCAD 2008

 Mesh
.M&N

(7 ) :( Revolved Meshes

,
, polygon mesh
... ,

profile .N

PEdiet .

:
(1 3d 2d
2d
.

589 AutoCAD 2008


Path curve Axis of Revolution

590 AutoCAD 2008

 (2 ,
,
,
,
, ) N(.

(3 , Draw Modeling
, Revolved meshes revsurf .

(4 , Select object to revolve

,
Select object that defines the axis of revolution
.

,
360.
(5
Enter ,
Specify 360
<included angle (+=ccw, -=cw) <360 360
) M ( ,
360
+ +
- ,
Enter 360
.
:M&N

Wireframe ,
:
: SURFTAB1 -1 .M
591 AutoCAD 2008
 : SURFTAB2 -2 N
.

.
:REVOLVE
Meshes Solid ,

.
REVOLVE
.

592 AutoCAD 2008



(8 :Tabulated mesh
Vector

,
, , , ,
,
.
) (
) ( , Tabulated mesh
, Draw>Modeling>Meshes> Tabulated mesh
.

: Extrude
Solid ) (meshes

) .(Solid
.Tabulated mesh .

593 AutoCAD 2008


Sweeping
.
(9 :Ruled Mesh



.
Draw>Modeling>Meshes>Ruled Mesh

Rulesurf
Select first defining curve ,
Select second defining curve
, .

594 AutoCAD 2008


SURFTAB1

.

.
:
Loft
.
(10 :Edge Mesh


. Draw>Modeling>meshes>Edge
, Mesh
.

595 AutoCAD 2008

 ) ( Solids

,






.

3d Modeling 3 Workspace
.

(1 :
.
( ) , ( Box .

:
(1 Box Draw Modeling
Box

596 AutoCAD 2008

 Modeling .

Dashboard .

Cub
lengthe Length
Cub
.

597 AutoCAD 2008

 Visual styles

( , Wedg

,

.

Visual styles

( , Cone

598 AutoCAD 2008

 , X,Y
.Z

Cone ,
.
[Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical
3p 3

2P .

Ttr
.
Elliptical

599 AutoCAD 2008



[Specify base radius or [Diameter

[Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius

2points
.
Axis endpoint
.
, .
Top radius
.

600 AutoCAD 2008



( ,Sphere
.
Draw
.
[Specify center point or [3p/2p/Ttr
3
, ,
.

( , Cylinder
) (.

601 AutoCAD 2008

 ,

3
Elliptical .

[Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical

,
,
.
[Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint

axis endpoint

602 AutoCAD 2008

 ( ) ( ,torus


.

3
.
[Specify center point or [3P/2P/Ttr

, .
[Specify radius or [Diameter

.
[Specify tube radius or [2Point/Diameter

,



.

603 AutoCAD 2008

 =)(100 =)(100-
=)(120 =)(160

( , Pyramid 3
32 ,
Polygon .

,
.
[Specify center point of base or [Edge/Sides

Edge ) (

Sides
32 , .4
Inscribed

[Specify base radius or [Inscribed

604 AutoCAD 2008

 Inscribed
,
Circumscribed .


[Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius

: 2Points ,
.
: Axis endpoint
,

.
: Top radius

Specify top radius
.
[Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint

top radius

605 AutoCAD 2008

 (2 :Extrude

,

3 .


2d solid Planer surfaces
, Regions ,
.


Region Boundary
polyline .

.
Draw > Modeling > Extrude

Extrude Modeling
,
.
Select objects to extrude

606 AutoCAD 2008


[Specify height of extrusion or [Direction/Path/Taper angle

Direction
.
Taper angele , T

.

= 20+ = 20-

607 AutoCAD 2008

 : Path

, :
, , ,
, , ,
.Helix

:
(1 front
View > 3d views > front
.
(2
. top

(3
. path

(4 ) (
)(

608 AutoCAD 2008

 visual style

DELOBJ

:
)( .
) (1 .
) (2 .
) (1- .
) (2- .
(3 ) Sweep ( :
Extrude
:
-1
. Extrude

-2 twest
.

609 AutoCAD 2008

 -3 scale
.
-4
.

DELOBJ .

:

2d solid Planer surfaces
. Regions

: ,
, , ,
, , .Helix

, ,
:

-1 Sweep Draw
Modeling .

-2 .Select objects to sweep

-3
[Select sweep path or [Alignment/Base point/Scale/Twist

610 AutoCAD 2008



:Alignment
,
No .

: Base point .

:Scale ,
1 ,
1 1 .

=0,3
:Twist ) ( ,
270 0
. 270

611 AutoCAD 2008

 =270
Bank

) (.
Enter twist angle or allow banking for a non-planar sweep path
<[Bank]<0.0000

Sweep Helix

612 AutoCAD 2008

 (4 : Revolve
,
.

Regions
Boundary .

, Revolve .

.
Select objects to revolve
.

Specify axis start point or define axis by
.<[Object/X/Y/Z] <Object

:
: Object
.
: X,Y,Z .

360
.
<Specify angle of revolution or [STart angle] <360

613 AutoCAD 2008



(5 :Lofte
cross section
.
:
(1 :cross section only
, loft setting

614 AutoCAD 2008

 :
:Ruled
.
:Smoth fit
.
:Normal to
.
:Draft angle ,
magnitude
.

615 AutoCAD 2008

 Ruled smooth fit

Draft angle=180 Draft angle=90

: Path (2
.

616 AutoCAD 2008

 :Guides (3
)(
.
.
) (
Planar surface
, .
,

.
Guides
.
:
,
.
Spline
.
Draw > modeling > loft

Select cross sections in lofting order

.
Enter ,
cross section only loft setting
OK

617 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
.

(6 :Presspull

:
.
.
.
4.
.hatch

.
618 AutoCAD 2008



.
.

ctrl+alt
.
.

619 AutoCAD 2008

 (7 :Polysolid
,

,
.
* polysolid :
,
:
(1 Draw > Modeling > polysolid :
.

(2 H
3 .
<Specify start point or [Object/Height/Width/Justify] <Object

620 AutoCAD 2008

 (3 W
0,2 .
(4

.

.hide

* :polysolid
polysolid
, line ,
polysolid
polyline .

621 AutoCAD 2008

 :
(1 1 2 3
.
(2 object o
.
(3 ,

(8YY YY YY YY YY YY YY : )
(logical operation
, .

622 AutoCAD 2008

 (8-1 ) .(Union
,
,

.

623 AutoCAD 2008

 Modify > solid aditing > Union

Select object
Enter .

(8-2 ).(Subtract

,
. Region
.

624 AutoCAD 2008

 , Modify

. Modeling

Select solids and regions to subtract from

.
, .

(8-3 ) .(Intersection

.
Select
objects .

) interference checking ( :


625 AutoCAD 2008
 ,

.

Modify > 3d operations > Enterference checking

:
[Select first set of objects or [Nested selection/Settings

Enter

Enter ,

. Enterference checking

:
: Interfering objects
.

626 AutoCAD 2008

 :Highlight
.previous & Next

:Zoom to pair .

:Delete interference object created on close

.
& zoom & pan
orbit

Delete interference object created on close

:

, :
(1 :Section
Region
.
Section , select
object
3
.
Specify first point on Section plane by
< [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points]< 3points

:3points ,
.

627 AutoCAD 2008



:Object
:
.

Object

:Zaxis
Z Z .

Zaxis

: View
.

628 AutoCAD 2008

 View

: XY xy
).(Z

: YZ .yz

: ZX .zx

XY YZ ZX

(2 :Section plane
,

.
Draw > Modeling > section plane

. Dashboard
629 AutoCAD 2008

Select face or any point to locate section line or [Draw

[Section/Orthographic

:
: Draw section
.
:Orthographi
top , front , back
.

,

.live sectioning

630 AutoCAD 2008



) (grips
.
Live
. section settings

boundary volume
.

(3 : Slice

631 AutoCAD 2008

 , Modify > 3d operation> Slice

.Select objects to slice
,
section , surface
lofte revolved extruded
.sweept

meshes .

Specify start point of slicing plane or [planar

<Object/Surface/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points

point 3

***************************************************

632 AutoCAD 2008






:
* Erase : Copy
.
* :Mirror
XY . Mirror3d

* :Offset
.

633 AutoCAD 2008

 * :Array XY
.3DArray

* Move 2d . 3dmove

* Trim :Extend
,
.
* : Rotate
XY . Rotate3d

* : Scale
.
* : Stretch

.
* : Lengthen .

* : Break .

* Chamfer :Fillet .

* Explode : Align .

) :(Grips
, grips

.

634 AutoCAD 2008



,
.
) :(subobject
ctrl

,

.
LEGACYCTRLPICK subobjects
1
.

.

635 AutoCAD 2008



CTRL+SPACEBAR
) (.

:3DMOVE
,
.Grip tool

Modify > 3D Operation > 3Dmove

. Dashboard

Visual style 2d wireframe

visual style 3d wireframe
.
.select object

Specify base point or

,[[Displacement] <Displacement Grip tool
.

636 AutoCAD 2008


Grip
) ,tool ( ,
Displacement . Grip tool

:
.
: Rotate XY

. Modify

:Rotate3D .

Rotate3d .

.select object

637 AutoCAD 2008

 Specify first point on axis or define axis by
[[Object/Last/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points

:
:Object
line, circle, arc or 2D-polyline :

:Last .

:View
.
:Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis
.
:2points
.object snap

,
[Specify rotation angle or [Reference
Reference
, .
:3d Rotate
.
.Modify > 3d operations > 3dRotate

. Modeling

visual style 3d wireframe

select object
grip tool
,,

638 AutoCAD 2008


, Specify base point , ,
.
,


.

,
, .

639 AutoCAD 2008

 180 X

) 3D Mirror ( :
XY
Mirror , Modify
3d
. Mirror

. Modify > 3D operation > 3D Mirror

. Select object

.
Specify first point of mirror plane (3 points) or

][Object/Last/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points

,
Section
.
.
.

640 AutoCAD 2008

 3D Array :
XY
Mirror Modify.

3D Array
,
.Z

(1 :
, Z :

* .Modify > 3D Operation > 3DArray

* Select Object . Enter

* R Rectangular
[[Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar

* <Enter the number of rows (---) <1

.X

* , <Enter the number of columns (|||) <1

.Y

* , <Enter the number of levels (...) <1

. Z

* Specify the
. (---)distance between rows

* Specify the distance between

. (|||) columns
641 AutoCAD 2008
 * ) Specify the distance between levels (...
, .

(2 : :
* , .
* p polar
.[[Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar

* Enter the number of

.items in the array

* Specify
<the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360 360
180
,
.
*
Rotate arrayed objects
[Yes/No]Y n y .

642 AutoCAD 2008

 * Specify center point of array

.
* Specify second
, point on axis of rotation .

360 180

Align )3D Align ( :

,
.

: Align

643 AutoCAD 2008

 ,
.
Modify > 3D operation > Align

Select obiect

Object Destination Objec Source

Specify first source

.point

Specify
first destination point

,
Continue

<Specify third source point or <continue .

644 AutoCAD 2008


.

Scale

: 3D Align
,

,
.
.Modify > 3D operation >3D Align

, .Select Object
Specify source plane and orientation :

.

645 AutoCAD 2008


object snap
Copy
.[Specify base point or [Copy

X , Continue
[Specify second point or [Continue
Continue ,
X,Y
.UCS

,
.

Specify destination plane and
) orientation (
, ,


.
.

646 AutoCAD 2008

 )Fillet ( :
.
Modify Fillet
, :
* 1 Select first object or
.[[Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple

* <Enter fillet radius <0.3000

. 0.25
* 2
[Select an edge or [Chain/Radius

3 Enter ,
:

) Chamfer ( :
.
Modify .

Select first line or

[[Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple

Next
647 AutoCAD 2008
 ,
. Ok

Edge

.
,
,
Specify base surface chamfer distance .

Specify other surface chamfer distance

loop
[Select an edge or [Loop

648 AutoCAD 2008

 Explode :

.




,sweep,loft,extrude
2d Rotated
3d polyface meshes
faces polygon meshes

Convert to solid :
:
< .
= < .
.Thickness .

Modify > 3D Operation > convert to solid

Select Object .

:S0LIDEDIT
:
-1 .
649 AutoCAD 2008
 -2 ) (.
-3 .
Modify > Solid Editing
, .

:
, ,
,
:
-1 Ctrl
.
650 AutoCAD 2008
 -2 .
-3 .
:
Undo
.
Remove
.
Shift .

,
, Exit
Enter .

) Extrude Faces -1 ( :
, Taper
, Grips
Taper .

, ,
Extrude .

,
. [Select faces or [Undo/Remove

Undo Remove
.
All
All
. Enter .

651 AutoCAD 2008



[Specify height of extrusion or [Path

Path Path .

,
Taper ,
.

=20- =20+

Path

Enter.

652 AutoCAD 2008

) Moving faces -2 ( :

.

.
Enter . Select faces or
.[[Undo/Remove

Specify a base point or displacement

.
, displacement
.

: Offseting faces -3
.
.
[Select faces or [Undo/Remove
,
offset distance ,


Offset .

653 AutoCAD 2008

 Offset =0.3 Offset =-0.3

:Deleting faces (4
,
.Enter
. Delete

:Rotating faces (5
.

, [Select faces or [Undo/Remove
Enter .

Specify an axis point or [Axis by

[object/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis] <2points

.

[Specify a rotation angle or [Reference
Reference
.
.

654 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Tapering faces (6 (:
.

.
) ( Enter
.
Specify the base point

Specify another point along the axis of tapering

Specify the taper angle
,

.

=30+ =30-

655 AutoCAD 2008

 )Copying faces (7 ( :

.Copy

.
,
.

) Coloring faces (8 ( :
.

.
) ( . Enter .

.
.OK

) :( Editing Edges
,
.
) Copy edges (1 ( :
.

Modify Solid editing

.Dashboard
656 AutoCAD 2008
 ) ( Select edges or
[[Undo/Remove Enter .

Specify a base point or

. displacement

) Coloring edges (2 ( : .

.
Enter ,
, OK
.

657 AutoCAD 2008

 :
:
) Imprinting Solids (1 ( :
,

,
.
.

. Solid editing

Select a 3D solid
,
Select an object to imprint

Y N
.

) Cleaning solid (2 ( :

.

.

658 AutoCAD 2008

 ) Separating solids (3 ( :
, . Union

,
.

) Shelling Solids (4 ( :
.
:

. -1
-2 Select
. a 3D solid

-3 ,[Remove faces or [Undo/Add/ALL

,
,

.
-4 Enter the shell offset distance
Enter .

659 AutoCAD 2008

 :chicking solids (5
.

This object is a valid
ShapeManager solid .

) ( Rendering

Visual style

.
:

660 AutoCAD 2008

 (1 ,
,
.
(2 .
(3
.
(4 .
(5 .

.
(1 ) .( Default Rendering

. View > Render > Render

661 AutoCAD 2008



662 AutoCAD 2008


,
,
.
(2 .



Light
,
.

Light
:

663 AutoCAD 2008

 ) point light (1 ( :

.

.New point light

,Dashboard .

<Specify source location <0,0,0

, Object snap
.
,
LIGHTINGUNITS = 0
:
Enter an option to change
[[Name/Intensity/Status/shadoW/Attenuation/Color/eXit

LIGHTINGUNITS=1 2
Enter an option to change[Name/intensity :
[factore/fhotemetry/ shadoW / Attenuation/filter color/eXit

,
Enter
, .

664 AutoCAD 2008

 : Name
Pointlight1
.<Enter light name <Pointlight1

:Intensity/Intensity factore , Brightness

<Enter intensity (0.00 - max float) <1.0000
, 1 .
:Status ,
:.
:
:Intensity ) flux (
ILLuminate
)( )(.
:Color
.
:Shadw .

3 :
: Sharp -1 .

:Sofet Mapped -2 ,
Map size 64 4096

Softness 1 10
.
: Soft Sampled -3
Penumbra .

3
665 AutoCAD 2008
 * :Shape
, :
[shape [Linear, Disk, Rect, Sphere,Cylinder

* : Sample , 16

:<Enter Shadow Sample <16.0000

* : Visibility
Yes .No

:Attenuation
, 3 :
* : Non

* :Inverse Linear ,
2 =
4 = .

:Inverse Squared ,
2 4
16\1 .

:Color/Filter Color
true color RGB Hsl , color Book
:

Enter true color (R,G,B) or enter an option [Index

.[color/Hsl/colorBook

666 AutoCAD 2008

 :Target point light (2
.
<<Specify source location <0,0,0 :

Specify target location <0,0,-

.<10

: .2008
) Spot light (3 ( :
, .

.dashboard

Specify source location

.<<0,0,0

<Specify target location <0,0,-10

Enter an option to change

667 AutoCAD 2008

 ]
Name/Intensity/Status/Hotspot/Falloff/shadoW/Attenuation/
<Color/eXit] <eXit

:Hotspot 0 160
.
:Falloff 0 .160

,
= ,45 =.50

:Free spot light (4 spot light

target point
light

) Distant light (5 ( :


.

668 AutoCAD 2008


LIGHTINGUNITS . Photemetric units

, Specify light
[direction FROM <0,0,0> or [Vector

.<Specify light direction TO <1,1,1

:Web light (6 2008

, 3D

LIGHTINGUNITS 1 .2

Web light :

(1 : Weblight ,
target ,Web

:free web light (2 ,

.web

(7 .tool palette

tool palette
Photometric lights
669 AutoCAD 2008
 ,
.

LIGHTINGUNITS 1 2 .

670 AutoCAD 2008



.%100
:
Dash board

Dashboard

) Geographic location (.

671 AutoCAD 2008

 :
-1 ,
) latitude ( ) longitude
(
-2
, Region .

-3 Nearest big
city ,
,Nearest city
.

672 AutoCAD 2008

 -4
North direction
Y

90 X
.
-5 ok ,
ok
.

, Dashboard
.

673 AutoCAD 2008

 :General -1 :

:Status .On & Of

:Intensity Factor ,
.
: Color
.
:Shadows
.
:Sky properties -2
photometric
LIGHTINGUNITS 1 . 2

:
:Status ,
sky of

.Sky Background, Sky Background and Illumination

:Intensity Factor ) (.

:Haze 15
15 .
Horizon: ,

,
, 3:
:Height , Z
.
674 AutoCAD 2008
 :Blur .

:Ground Color
.

:Advanced -3 3 :

:Night Color ,
.
:Aerial Perspective .

:Visibility Distance %10

.
: Sun Disk Appearance-4
, :
:Disk Scale 1
.
:Disk Intensity 1 .

:Sun Angle Calculator -5

.Daylight Saving

Azimuth
., Altitude , Source Vector

:Rendered Shadow Details -6

,
On , 1 2
LIGHTINGUNITS . (soft (Area

675 AutoCAD 2008



. Lightlist

Dashboard
Lightlist .

676 AutoCAD 2008


,


.
,Delete
.

,
.
,

, Realistic Visual style
.
:Tool palettes
,
Tool Ctr+3

677 AutoCAD 2008


.
,
,
, Select objects

,
.

678 AutoCAD 2008



: Material palettes
Render Materials

dashboard Materials
.

679 AutoCAD 2008



, .

680 AutoCAD 2008



:
:Available Materials in Drawing -1
.

Swatch Geometry Preview Swatch Lighting Model

Checkered Underlay Off/On

681 AutoCAD 2008

 Remove Materials from Selected Objects Create New Material

Apply Material to Objects Indicate Materials in Use Purge from Drawing

:Swatch Geometry
: , , .
:Checkered Underlay Off/On
.
:Preview Swatch Lighting Model

.
:Create New Material ) , (
.Create New Material dialog boX
,
.

682 AutoCAD 2008

 :Purge from Drawing ,
.

:Indicate Materials in Use

,
.

Material in use

:Apply Material to Objects )(

.
:Remove Materials from Selected Objects
.

:
: Select Objects with Material

.
:Edit Name and Description
, .

683 AutoCAD 2008

 :Export to Active Tool Palette
Tool palettes. .

:Copy
.
:Size .

.
Create New Material ) ( "
" , ,
,

.

684 AutoCAD 2008

 Template

,
Material Editor ) ( Type
:

:Realistic
,
template
...... ,
) ( .

685 AutoCAD 2008

 :Realistic Metal
) ( .
:Advanced Realistic
.
Advanced metal : Realistic Metal
.

, Template
.Advanced

686 AutoCAD 2008

 :
:Ambient
. .
:Diffuse ) (
.
Specular: highlight .

, By object

.

687 AutoCAD 2008



,
, :
:Shininess ) (Shininess
.
) :Opacity( Opacity ,
= .
: Reflection =
100 ,
.
:Refraction
1
1,5 ,

1 ,
. ) .(Metal

Material Index of
Refraction
Vacuum 1.0
Air 1.0003
Water 1.3333
Glass 1.5 to 1.7
Diamond 2.419

: Translucency ,
, , =
100 .
) .(Metal

688 AutoCAD 2008

 :Self-illumination
. fireplace .

texture Opacity bump maps

3 4
, :

: Diffuse map -1 8
.

: Texture map ,
) (Procedural maps

689 AutoCAD 2008

 .
,....:

.
:checker
: .Marble
:Noise .

:Speckle .

:Tiles .

:Waves .

: Wood .

, Select
Image :

)TGA (.tga
)BMP (.bmp, .rle, .dib
)PNG (.png
)JFIF (.jpg, .jpeg
)TIFF (.tif
)GIF (.gif
)PCX (.pcx

:Reflection map -2
Advanced or Advanced Metal
, .
:Opacity map -3 .

.
:Bump map -4

690 AutoCAD 2008


.
,
Map type
3
,
.

Scaling&tiling

)(scaling & tiling

scaling & tiling

texture map Checker & Tiles :

691 AutoCAD 2008

 :Scale units none
fit to Gizmo .

:Non , tile ,mirror

.
:U&V .

Meterial offset & preview

offset V&U

692 AutoCAD 2008


.

Texture

,

.
Maping

Render

693 AutoCAD 2008

 MATERIALMAP .

Maping

mateialmap
Box Mapping, Planar Mapping, Spherical Mapping, Cylindrical Mapping

:Planar Mapping
.
:Box Mapping )(
.
:Spherical Mapping
.
:Cylindrical Mapping .

:Select faces or objects

.

:
[Accept the mapping or [Move/Rotate/reseT/sWitch mapping mode

:Move Grips .

:Rotate Grips .

:reset .

]Box/Plana :sWitch mapping mode :

[r/Spherical/Cylindrical/copY mapping to/Reset mapping

:copY mapping to .
694 AutoCAD 2008
 :Reset mapping U&V
.

Advanced Lighting Override
,
, 100
Realistic & realistic metal .

:Color Bleed Scale

,
,
.
: Indirect Bump Scale
.
:Reflectance scale diffuse .

:Transmittance scale
) ( , = , .

695 AutoCAD 2008


,

.
:
, :
* .
* .blocks

* .
)( .
-1 ,
.
-2 .
-3 ) ( Attace material to
.object

-4 , Select object
. ctrl

-3 -2

696 AutoCAD 2008

 -4

, MATERIALATTACE Dashboard

Material Attachment Optionp

697 AutoCAD 2008

 X .

View
:
View named views View
Manager , New ) ( . New View

.View Name

698 AutoCAD 2008

 , Background
:

: Solid -1 ,
, .
699 AutoCAD 2008
 : Gradient -2
.
: Image -3 , Browse
, :
TGA,BMB,PNG,JFIF,TIFF,GIF,PCX

,
Background Adjust
.Image

OK New View ok

.
OK .

Fog / Depth Cue

,
.
View > Render > render
, Enviroment Render Enviroment

.
700 AutoCAD 2008
 Render Enviroment

:Enable Fog . On/Of

: Color ,
)( .
:Fog Background .

:Near Distance ) (.

: Far Distance ) (.

:Near Fog Percentage .

:Far Fog Percentage .

701 AutoCAD 2008



,
,
.

Advanced Render Setting .

702 AutoCAD 2008

 :
: *Render Cntext .

:Save File
.
:Procedure ,
.
:Destination .

:Output File Name .

:Output Size )( resolution

specify Size to customize .

:Exposure Type Automatic Logarithmic

.
:Physical Scale
.Exposure

* :Materials :

:Apply Materials .on/of

:Texture Filtering
.
:Force 2-Sided ,
.
:*Sampling

703 AutoCAD 2008

 Annotative Scale

704 AutoCAD 2008

705 AutoCAD 2008