2D Systems

3D Systems

3D Modeling

BYRON ALFONSO PREZ-GUTIRREZ

Virtual Reality Center

Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
byron.perez@unimilitar.edu.co

September 2017

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Outline I

1 2D Systems

2 3D Systems

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Computer graphics

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

2D Systems
Line: A finitely-extended one-dimensional figure with no
curvature delimited by its endpoints
Polyline: A connected series of line segments
Polygon: is a plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of
straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed
polygonal chain or circuit.
Arc: Segment of a circumference
Conic curve: A curve obtained as the intersection of the
surface of a cone with a plane (hyperbola, the parabola, and
the ellipse).
Freeform curve: A simple o compound curve subject to one
or more equations (splines, nurbs).

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Freeform curves

Figure: a) and b) open freeform curve; c) closed

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Polynomial curves

A curve is call polynomial when its graphical representation is

determined by m + 1 points P0 (x0 , y0 , x0 ), ..., Pm (xm , ym , xm ) and
matches the type: Q(t) = an t n + an1 t n1 + ... + a1 t 1 + a0

A curve obtained by fitting polynomials to each ordinate of an

ordered sequence of points. The above plots show polynomial
curves where the order of the fitting polynomial varies from p-3 to
p-1, where p is the number of points.

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Bzier curves
Given a set of n + 1 control points P0 , P1 , ..., Pn , the corresponding
Bzier curve (or Bernstein-Bzier curve) is given by
n
X
P(t) = Pi Bi,n (t)
i=0
where B( i, n)(t) is a Bernstein polynomial and t in [0, 1]

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Splines

Spline. is a numeric function that is piecewise-defined by

polynomial functions, and which possesses a high degree of
smoothness at the places where the polynomial pieces connect
(which are known as knots)
(
(t + 1)2 1 2 t < 0
S(t) =
1 (t 1)2 0 t 2

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Splines

Spline. A piecewise polynomial function that can have a locally

very simple form, yet at the same time be globally flexible and
smooth. Splines are very useful for modeling arbitrary functions,
and are used extensively in computer graphics.

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

B-Splines
B-spline, or basis spline is a spline function that has minimal
support with respect to a given degree, smoothness, and domain
partition.

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

NURBS
A powerful extension of B-splines is non-uniform rational
B-splines (NURBS). NURBS are essentially B-splines in
homogeneous coordinates. Like B-splines, they are defined by their
order, and a knot vector, and a set of control points, but unlike
simple B-splines, the control points each have a weight. When the
weight is equal to 1, a NURBS is simply a B-spline and as such
NURBS generalizes both B-splines and Bzier curves and surfaces,
the primary difference being the weighting of the control points
which makes NURBS curves "rational".

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

3D Systems

The Cartesian, or rectangular, coordinate system is the most widely

used coordinate system. The cylindrical coordinate system is a
generalization of two-dimensional polar coordinates to three
dimensions.

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Polygonal modeling
Polygon meshes normally share the vertices and edges that are
common between the individual faces. These are referred to as
shared vertices or shared edges. A polygon mesh can also be
composed of several disjointed sets of connected polygons called
shells. The outside edges of a mesh or shell are referred to as
border edges.

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Polygonal modeling

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Polygonal modeling

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

NURBS modeling

Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) provide a 3D modeling

framework based on geometric primitives and drawn curves. You
can use NURBS in two ways:
Construct 3D models from NURBS primitives such as cubes,
spheres, cones.
Construct NURBS curves that define the basic outline of the
3D form you want to construct, then use the curves as a basis
for constructing NURBS surfaces.

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Spline in a 3D space

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

NURBS modeling

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

NURBS modeling

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

NURBS modeling

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Subdivision surfaces

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Subdivision surfaces

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Subdivision surfaces

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Hyper realistic render

Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling

 2D Systems
3D Systems

Questions?

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Byron Alfonso Prez-Gutirrez 3D Modeling