Professional Documents
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1 - Introduction To Operating Systems
1 - Introduction To Operating Systems
Systems
Organized By: Vinay Arora
Assistant Professor
CSED, TU
V.A.
CSED,TU
Disclaimer
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Computer System Organization
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Operating System - Layered View
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Operating System - Definition
A Program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer
and the computer hardware.
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Various OS
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Abstract View
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Operating System Def.
OS is a RESOURCE ALLOCATOR
OS is a CONTROL PROGRAM
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Operating Systems can be Classified as
Follows:
Multi-user : Allows two or more users to run programs at the same
time. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of
concurrent (parallel) users.
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Multiprogramming
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Memory Layout for Multiprogramming
System
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Operating System Structure
Single user cannot keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times
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Multitasking (or Time Sharing)
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Multitasking (or Time Sharing) Conti
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Time Sharing
Timesharing (multitasking) is logical extension in which CPU switches
jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is
running, creating interactive computing
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Multiprocessing
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Job/CPU Scheduling
Job Scheduling Choosing the job among several jobs are ready to be
brought into Memory when there is not enough room for all of them.
(Bringing the particular job into ready queue)
CPU Scheduling Choosing the job among the several when jobs are
ready to run at the same time. (Allocation of CPU to particular job)
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Caching
Important principle, performed at many levels in a computer (in
hardware, operating system, software)
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Migration of Integer A from Disk to Register
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Transition from User to Kernel Mode
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Compiling & Running C Program
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Levels for OS Functionality
H igh -L e v e l L a n gu a g e L ev e l 5
A s s e m b ly La n g u a g e L ev e l 4
O p e ra ting S y s te m
L ev e l 3
In s tru c tio n S et
A rc h ite c tu re L ev e l 2
M ic ro arc h ite c tu re L ev e l 1
D ig ital L o gic
L ev e l 0
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Types of System Calls
Process Control
File Management
Device Management
Information Maintenance
Communications
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System Call Interface
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Kernel - View
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Kernel
The Central module of an Operating System.
It is the part of the Operating System that loads first, and it remains in
main memory.
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Kernel - View
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Operating-System Operations
Dual-mode operation allows OS to protect itself and other system
components
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Transition from User to Kernel Mode
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Timer
Timer to Prevent Infinite Loop / Process hogging resources
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Process Management Activities
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Memory Management
All data in memory before and after processing
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Mass-Storage Management
Usually disks used to store data that does not fit in main memory or data
that must be kept for a long period of time.
OS Activities
Free-Space Management
Storage Allocation
Disk Scheduling
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Protection and Security
Protection any mechanism for controlling access of processes or users
to resources defined by the OS
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Computing Environments
Client-Server Computing
Compute-server provides an interface to client to request
services (i.e. database)
File-server provides interface for clients to store and retrieve
files
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Peer-to-Peer Computing
Another model of distributed system
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Computer Start Up
BOOTSTRAP PROGRAM is loaded at power-up or reboot
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Thnx
Vinay Arora
CSED,TU