mathcity.org Exercise 8.

3 (Solutions)
Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Merging man and maths Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.5

Binomial Theorem when n is negative or fraction:

When n is negative or fraction and x < 1 then
n (n 1) 2 n (n 1)(n 2) 3
(1 + x) n = 1 + n x + x + x + ......................
2! 3!
Where the general term of binomial expansion is
n (n 1)(n 2).............( n (r 1) ) r
Tr +1 = x
r!
Question # 1 (i)
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 2
(1 x) = 1 + ( x) +
2 2
( x) 2 +
2
1 2 2 2 ( x )3 + ......................
2 2! 3!
1 1 1 1 3

1 2 2 2 2 2 2
=1 x + x + ( x 3 ) + ......................
2 2 3 2
1 1 1
= 1 x x 2 x3 + ......................
2 8 16
Question # 1 (ii) and (iii) Do yourself as above

Question # 1 (iv)
1 1 1
3x 2 3x 2 3x 2
1 1
(4 3 x) = 4 1 = (4) 2 1 = 2 1
2

4 4 4

1 1 1 1 1
1 3 x 2 2 1 3 x 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 x 3
= 2 1 + +
+
+ ......................
2 4 2! 4 3! 4

1 1 1 1 3
3x 2 2 9 x 2 2 2 2 27 x 3
= 2 1 +
+ + ......................
8 2 16 3 2 64

3 x 1 9 x 2 1 27 x 3
= 2 1 + ......................
8 8 16 16 64
3 x 9 x 2 27 x3
= 2 1 + ......................
8 128 1024
3 x 9 x 2 27 x 3
=2 + ......................
4 64 512

Question # 1 (v)
1 1
2x 1 x
1
1
(8 2 x ) = (8) 1 = 1
2
Now do yourself
8 8 4

Question # 1 (vi)
Do yourself
FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 2

Question # 1 (vii)
(1 x)1
= (1 x)1 (1 + x )2
(1 + x) 2

(1)(1 1) (1)(1 1)(1 2)

= 1 + (1)( x ) + ( x) 2 + ( x)3 + ...................
2! 3!
(2)(2 1) 2 (2)(2 1)(2 2) 3
1 + (2)( x ) + ( x) + ( x) + ...................
2! 3!
(1)(2) 2 (1)(2)(3)
= 1 + x + (x ) + ( x 3 ) + ...................
2 3 2
(2)(3) 2 (2)(3)(4) 3
1 2 x + ( x) + ( x) + ...................
2 3 2
= (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ...................) (1 2 x + 3 x 2 4 x 3 + ...................)
= 1 + ( x 2 x) + ( x 2 2 x 2 + 3x 2 ) + ( x 3 2 x3 + 3x3 4 x3 )...................
= 1 x + 2 x 2 2 x3 + ...................
Question # 1 (viii)
Do yourself as above
Question # 1 (ix)
1 1 1
(4 + 2 x) 2 1
1 2
1 2 x 2 1 x
= (4 + 2 x) (2 x) = (4) 1 +
2
(2) 1
2x 4 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 x 2 1 x x 2 1 x x 2 x
= (4) 1 + (2) 1 = 2 1 +
2
1 = 1 + 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
x 2 x
= 1 + 1
2 2
11 11 1 2
1 x 1 2 1 3

x x
= 1 + + 2 2 + 2 2 2 + ......................
2 2 2! 2 3! 2

x (1)(1 1) x (1)(1 1)(1 2) x
2 3

1 + (1) + + + ...................
2 2! 2 3! 2

1 1 1 1 3
x
x
2
x 3
= 1 + + 2 2 + 2 2 2 + ......................
4 2 4 3 2 8

x (1)(2) x 2 (1)(2)(3) x3
1 + + + + ...................
2 2 4 3 2 8
x x 2 x3 x x 2 x3
= 1 + + + ...................... 1 + + + + ...................
4 32 128 2 4 8
x x x x 2 x 2 x3 x 3 x3 x 3
2
=1+ + + + + + + + + ...................
4 2 32 8 4 128 64 16 8
3 x 11x 2 23 x 3
=1+ + + + ...................
4 32 128

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman, ( atiq@mathcity.org ), http://www.mathcity.org

 FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 3
Question # 1 (x)
1 1

(1 + x 2 x2 ) 2 = (1 + ( x 2x 2 ) ) 2
11 1 1 1
1 1 2
= 1 + ( x 2 x 2 ) + 2 2 ( x 2 x 2 )2 + 2 2 2 ( x 2 x 2 )3 + ................
1
2 2! 3!
1 1

1 2 2 2
= 1 + (x 2x ) +
2
( x 4 x3 + 4 x 4 )
2 2
1 1 3

+ 2 2 2 3
3 2
( x + 3( x )2 (2 x 2 ) + 3( x )(2 x 2 )2 (2 x 2 )3 ) + ................

= 1 + ( x 2 x 2 ) ( x 2 4 x 3 + 4 x 4 ) + ( x3 6 x 4 + 12 x5 8 x 6 ) + ..................
1 1 1
2 8 16
1 2 1 4 4 1 6 12 8
= 1 + x x 2 x 2 x 3 + x 4 + x 3 x 4 + x 5 x 6 + ..................
2 2 8 8 8 16 16 16 16
1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1
= 1 + x x 2 x 2 x 3 + x 4 + x 3 x 4 + x5 x 6 + ..................
2 8 2 2 16 8 4 8
1 9 9
= 1 + x x 2 x 3 + ..................
2 8 16
Question # 1 (xi) Do yourself as above
Question # 2 (i)
1
1 2
1 1 1
99 = ( 99 ) = (100 1)
2 2 = (100) 1
2

100
11
1 1 2 2 1 1 2
= 10 1 + + + ....................
2 100 2! 100

1 1

1
+ 2 2
1
= 10 1 + ...............
200 2 10000


= 10 1 0.005 ( 0.0001) + ...............
1
8
= 10 (1 0.005 0.0000125 + ...............)
10 ( 0.9949875) = 9.949875
9.950
Question # 2 (ii)
1 1
( 0.98) 2 = (1 0.02 ) 2 Now do yourself

Question # 2 (iii)
1 1
(1.03) 3 = (1 + 0.03) 3 Now do yourself
Question # 2 (iv)
1
1 3
1 1 1
3
65 = ( 65 ) 3 = ( 64 1) = (64) 1
3 3
Now do yourself
64
FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 4

Question # 2 (v)
1
1 4
1 1 1
4
17 = (17 ) = (16 1)
4 4 = (16) 1 4
Now do yourself
16
Question # 2 (vi)
1
1 5
1 1 1
5
31 = ( 31) = ( 32 1) = (32) 1
5 5 5
Now do yourself
32

Question # 2 (vii)
1

2
1 1 1
1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
3
= = 998 3 = 1000 2 3 = 1000 3 1

998 ( 998 ) 3
1
3
1000
1

1
1
= (10 )
3 3
3
1
500
1 1

1 1 1
1 2
3 3 1
= 1 + + + ....................
10 3 500 2! 500


1 4

1 1 3 3 1
= 1 + + + ....................
10 1500 2 250000


1
= 1 + ( 0.0006667 ) + ( 0.000004 ) + ....................
2
10 9
1
= (1 + 0.0006667 + 0.00000089 + ....................)
10
1
(1.00066759 ) = 0.100066759 0.100 Answer
10
Question # 2 ( viii)
1

1 1 1 1 1
9
1 = ( 252 ) = ( 243 + 9 ) = ( 243) 1 +
5
= 5 5 5

5
252 ( 252 ) 5 243
1

1
1
= (3 )
5 5
5
1 + Now do yourself as above
27
Question # 2 (ix)
1 1
7 7 7 2 1 2
= = = 1
8 8 8 8
11
1 2
1 1 2 2 1
=1+ + + ....................
2 8 2! 8
1 1

1 2 2 1
=1 + + ....................
16 2 64
1 1 1
= 1 + ....................
16 8 64
 FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 5
1 1
=1 + ....................
16 512
= 1 0.0625 0.00195 + ....................
0.93555 0.936 Answer
Question # 2 (x)
1 1

(0.998) 3
= (1 0.002) 3
Now do yourself as above
Question # 2 (xi)
1

243
1 1 1
1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
6
= = 486 6 = 729 243 6 = 729 6 1

486 ( 486 ) 6
1
6
729
1

1
1
= (3 6 6
)
6
1 Now do yourself
3
Question # 2 (xii)
1 1
16 4 4 4 1 4
1 1 1

( )
1
(1280) = (1296 16) = (1296 ) 1
4 4
= 6 4
1
1296 81
Now do yourself
Question # 3 (i)
(1 + x 2 ) = 1 + x2 (1 + x )2
( )
(1 + x )
2

(2)(2 1) 2 (2)(2 1)(2 2) 3

(
)
= 1 + x 2 1 + (2)( x ) +
2!
( x) +
3!
( x) + ...................

(2)(3) 2 (2)(3)(4) 3
( )
= 1 + x 2 1 2 x +
2
( x) +
3 2
( x) + ...................

= (1 + x )(1 2 x + 3 x 4 x + ...................)
2 2 3

= (1 + x )(1 + (1)2 x + (1) 3 x + (1) 4 x + ...................)

2 2 2 3 3

Following in this way we can write

(1 + x2 ) = 1 + x 2 (1 + (1)2 x + (1)2 3x 2 + (1)3 4 x3 + .............. + (1)n2 (n 1) x n2 +
( )
(1 + x )
2

(1)n 1 (n) x n 1 + (1) n (n + 1) x n + ................)

So taking only terms involving x n we get
(1)n (n + 1) x n + (1) n2 (n 1) x n
= (1)n (n + 1) x n + (1)n (1) 2 (n 1) x n
= (1)n (n + 1) x n + (1)n (n 1) x n Q (1) 2 = 1
= (n + 1 + n 1)(1)n x n = (2n)(1)n x n
Thus the coefficient of term involving x n is (2n)(1)n
Question # 3 (ii)
Hint:
After solving you will get
(1 + x2 ) = 1 + x 2 (1 + 2 x + 3x2 + 4 x3 + ............ + (n 1) x n2 + (n) x n1 + (n + 1) x n + ..............)
( )
(1 x )
2

Do yourself as above

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman ( atiq@mathcity.org ) , http://www.mathcity.org

FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 6

Question # 3 (iii)
(1 + x )3
= (1 + x)3 (1 x) 2
(1 x) 2

3 (2)(2 1) (2)(2 1)(2 2)

= (1 + x ) 1 + (2)( x) + ( x )2 + ( x )3 + ...................
2! 3!
3 (2)(3) 2 (2)(3)(4)
= (1 + x ) 1 + 2 x + ( x) + ( x 3 ) + ...................
2 32
= (1 + 3 x + 3 x 2 + x 3 )(1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 + 4 x 3 + ...................)
Following in this way we can write
(1 + x)3
(1 x) 2 ( )
= 1 + 3 x + 3 x 2 + x 3 (1 + 2 x + 3 x 2 + 4 x3 + ............ + (n 2) x n3 + (n 1) x n2

+(n) x n 1 + (n + 1) x n + ..............)
So taking only terms involving x n we have term
(n + 1) x n + 3(n) x n + 3(n 1) x n + (n 2) x n
= ( (n + 1) + 3(n) + 3(n 1) + (n 2) ) x n
= ( n + 1 + 3n + 3n 3 + n 2 ) x n
= ( 8n 4 ) x n
Thus the coefficient of term involving x n is (8n 4 ) .
Question # 3 (iv)
(1 + x ) = 1 + x 2 1 x 3
2

( )( )
(1 x )
3

2 (3)(3 1) (3)(3 1)(3 2)

= (1 + x ) 1 + (3)( x) + ( x) 2 + ( x)3 + ...................
2! 3!
2 (3)(4) (3)(4)(5)
= (1 + x ) 1 + (3)( x ) + ( x) 2 + ( x)3 + ...................
2 3 2

(
)
= 1 + 2 x + x 2 1 + 3x +
(3)(4) 2
2
(x ) +
(4)(5) 3
2
( x ) + ...................

(2)(3)
(
= 1 + 2 x + x 2 1 +

) 2
x+
(3)(4) 2 (4)(5) 3
2
x +
2
x + ...................

Following in this way we can write
(1 + x ) = 1 + 2 x + x 2 1 + (2)(3) x + (3)(4) x2 + (4)(5) x3 + ..................
2

( )
(1 x )
3
2 2 2
(n 1)(n) n2 (n)(n + 1) n1 (n + 1)(n + 2) n
+ x + x + x + .......
2 2 2
n
So taking only terms involving x we have term
(n + 1)(n + 2) n (n)(n + 1) n (n 1)(n) n
x +2 x + x
2 2 2
xn
= ( (n + 1)(n + 2) + 2(n)(n + 1) + (n 1)(n) )
2
n
= ( n 2 + n + 2n + 2 + 2n 2 + 2n + n 2 n )
x
2
n
xn
= ( 4n + 4n + 2 ) = 2 ( 2n + 2n + 1)
2 x 2

2 2
= ( 2n + 2n + 1) x
2 n

Thus the coefficient of term involving x n is ( 2n 2 + 2n + 1) .

 FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 7
Question # 3 (v)
Since we know that
(1 + x) 1 = 1 x + x 2 x 3 + ...............
Therefore
(1 x + x ) ( ) = (1 + x )
2
2 2
2
x3 + ............. = (1 + x )1
(2)(2 1) 2 (2)(2 1)(2 2) 3
= 1 + (2)( x) + ( x) + ( x ) + ...................
2! 3!
(2)(3) 2 (2)(3)(4) 3
= 1 2x + ( x) + ( x) + ...................
2 3 2
= 1 2 x + 3 x 2 4 x 3 + ...................
= 1 + (1)2 x + (1)2 3x 2 (1)3 4 x 3 + ...................

Following in this way we can write

= 1 + (1)2 x + (1)2 3x 2 (1)3 4 x 3 + ................... + (1)n (n + 1) x n + .........
So the term involving x n = (1)n (n + 1) x n
And hence coefficient of term involving x n is (1)n (n + 1)

Question # 4 (i)
1 x 1 x 1
1 1
L.H.S = = 1 = (1 x )
2
= (1 x) 2
1 x (1 x ) 2
1
= 1 + ( x ) + squares and higher power of x.
2
1
= 1 x = R.H.S Proved
2
Question # 4 (ii)
1 + 2x 1 1
= (1 + 2 x ) (1 x ) 2

Since 2
1 x
1
1
Now (1 + 2 x ) 2 = 1 + (2 x) + squares and higher power of x.
2
1+ x
1
1
Now (1 x ) 2 = 1 + ( x) + squares and higher power of x.

2
1
1+ x
2
1 + 2x 1
(1 + x ) 1 + x
1 x 2
1
=1+ x + x ignoring term involving x 2 .
2
3
= 1 + x Proved.
2
Question # 4 (iii)

( )
1 1
(9 + 7 x) 2 (16 + 3x ) 4
( 4 + 5x )
1 1 1
= (9 + 7 x) 2 (16 + 3 x) 4
4 + 5x
1
7x 2
1 1
Now (9 + 7 x ) = 9 1 +
2

2

9
FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 8
1 1 7 x
= (32 ) 2 1 + + squres and higher of x.
2 9
7x 7x 7x
3 1 + = 3 + 3 = 3 +
18 18 6
1
1
3x 4
1
(16 + 3 x) 4 = (16) 1 +
4

16
1 1 3 x
= (2 4 ) 4 1 + + square and higher power of x
4 16
3x 3x 3x
(2) 1 + = 2 + 2 = 2 +
64 64 32
1
5
( 4 + 5x )
1 1
= 4 1 + x
4
1 5
= 1 + ( 1) x + squares and higher power of x
4 4
1 5 1 5
1 x = x
4 4 4 16
1 1
(9 + 7 x) 2 (16 + 3 x) 4 7x 3x 1 5
So 3 + 2 + x
4 + 5x 6 32 4 16
7x 3 x 1 5 103 1 5
= 3 + 2 x = 1+ x x
6 32 4 16 96 4 16
1 103 5 1 17
= + x x = x Proved
4 384 16 4 384
Question # 4 (iv) Do yourself
Question # 4 (v)
(1 + x ) 2 ( 4 3x ) 2 = 1 + x 12 4 3x 32 8 + 5 x 13
1 3

( ) ( ) ( )
(8 + 5 x )
1
3

1
Now (1 + x ) 2 = 1 + ( x) + square and higher power of x
1

2
1
1+ x
2
3
3 2
( 4 3x )
3 3
2 = 4 1 x
2

4
3 3
( )
3
= 2 2 2 1 + x + square and higher power of x
2 4
3 9 9
( 2 ) 1 x = 8 1 x
8 8
1
5 3
(8 + 5 x ) = ( 8) 1 + x
1 1
3 3

8
1 1 5
( )
= 23 3 1 + x + square and higher power of x
3 8
5 1 5
(2) 1 1 x = 1 x
24 2 24
 FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 9

(1 + x ) 2 ( 4 3x ) 2
1 3
1 9 1 5
So 1 + x 8 1 x 1 x
(8 + 5x )
1
3 2 8 2 24
8 1 9 5
= 1 + x 1 x x
2 2 8 24
1 4 1 4 5
= 4 1 + x 1 x = 4 1 + x x = 4 1 x Proved
2 3 2 3 6
Question # 4 (vi)
Do yourself as above
Question # 4 (vii)
Same as Question #4 (iii)
Question # 5 (i)
1 x 2 x 2 = (1 ( x + 2 x 2 ) ) 2
1

1
1 1 1
( )
( ) ( )
2
= 1 + ( x + 2 x ) + 2 2
2
( x + 2 x 2 ) + cube & higher power of x.
2 2!
1
1 1
( )
1 ( x + 2 x ) + 2 2 ( x + 2 x2 )2
2

2 2
1 1 1 1 1
1 x (2 x 2 ) x 2 = 1 x x 2 x 2
2 2 8 2 8
1 9
= 1 x x2 Proved
2 8

Question # 5 (ii)
1
1 + x (1 + x ) 2 1

1
= 1 = (1 + x ) (1 x )
2 2
1 x (1 x) 2
Now
1
1
1 1 1
(1 + x) = 1 + x + 2 2
2
( )
x 2 + cube & higher power of x.
2 2!
1
1 1
( ) 1
1 + x + 2 2 x2 = 1 + x x2
1
2 2 2 8

1
1
(1 x) = 1 + ( x) +
2
( )(
12 12 1 )
( x)2 + cube & higher power of x.
2 2!
1
1+ x +
( )( )
12 32 2 1 3
x = 1 + x + x2
2 2 2 8
So
1+ x 1 1 1 3
= 1 + x x 2 1 + x + x 2
1 x 2 8 2 8
1 1 1 1 3 1
= 1 + x x2 + x + x 2 + x 2 = 1 + x + x 2 Proved
2 8 2 4 8 2

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman, ( atiq@mathcity.org )

http://www.mathcity.org
FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 10
Question # 6
Since x is nearly equal to 1 so suppose x = 1 + h ,
where h is so small that its square and higher powers be neglected
L.H.S = px p qx q
= p(1 + h) p q(1 + h) q
= p (1 + ph + square & higher power of x)
q (1 + qh + square & higher power of h)
= p (1 + ph) q (1 + qh)
= p + p 2 h q q 2 h .. (i)
Now R.H.S = ( p q) x p + q
= ( p q)(1 + h) p + q
= ( p q) (1 + ( p + q)h + square & higher power of h )
= ( p q) (1 + ( p + q)h ) = ( p q) (1 + ph + qh )
= p + p 2 h + pqh q pqh q 2 h
= p + p 2 h q q 2 h .. (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
L.H.S = R.H.S Proved
Question # 7
Since p q is small when compare
Therefore let p q = h p = q + h
(2n + 1) p + (2n 1)q (2n + 1)(q + h ) + (2n 1)q
L.H.S = =
(2n 1) p + (2n + 1)q (2n 1)(q + h) + (2n + 1)q
2nq + q + 2nh + h + 2nq q 4nq + 2nh + h
= =
2nq q + 2nh h + 2nq + q 4 nq + 2 nh h
1
4nq + 2nh + h 4nq + 2nh + h 2nh h
= = 1 + 4nq
2nh h 4nq
4nq 1 +
4nq
4nq + 2nh + h 2nh h
= 1 + (1) + square & higher power of x 2
4nq 4nq
4nq + 2nh + h 2nh h 4nq + 2nh + h 4nq 2nh + h
= 1 =
4nq 4nq 4nq 4nq
16n 2 q 2 + 8n 2 hq + 4nhq 8n 2 hq + 4nhq
= ignoring squares of h
16n 2 q 2
16n 2 q 2 + 8nhq 16n 2 q 2 8nhq
= 2 2
= +
16n q 16n q 16 n 2 q 2
2 2

h
=1+ .. (ii)
2nq
1 1
p + q n q + h + q n
Now R.H.S = = 2q
2 q
1 1 1
2q + h n 2 q h n h n
= = + = 1 + 2q
2q 2 q 2q
1 h
= 1 + + square & higher power of h .
n 2q
 FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 11
h
=1+ .. (ii)
2nq
Form (i) and (ii)
L.H.S = R.H.S Proved
Question # 8
Since n and N are nearly equal therefore consider N = n + h ,
where h is so small that its squares and higher power be neglected.
1 1
n 2 n 2
L.H.S = =
2(n + N ) 2(n + n + h)
1 1 1 1

n 2 2(2n + h ) 2 4n + 2h 2 2h 2
= = = =4+
2(2 n + h ) n n n
1 1

2h h
1 1
2 2
= (4) 1 + 2
= (2 ) 1 +
2

2

4n 2n
1 h
= (2) 1 1 + + square & higher power of h
2 2n
1 h 1 h
= 1 = .. (i)
2 4n 2 8n
8n n+ N
Now R.H.S =
9n N 4n
8n n + ( n + h) 8n n+n+h
= =
9n ( n + h) 4n 9n n h 4n
1
8n 2n + h 8n 2n + h h 2n + h
= = = 1
8n h 4n 8n 1 h
8n ( 4n )
8n 4n

h 2n h
= 1 + (1) + square & higher power of h +
8n 4n 4n
h 1 h h 1 h
= 1 + + =1+
8n 2 4n 8n 2 4n
1 h
= .. (ii)
2 8n
From (i) and (ii)
L.H.S = R.H.S Proved
Question # 9 (i)
1 1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
2 3

1 + + .......................
2 4 2! 4 4 3! 8 4
Suppose the given series be identical with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + x + ...............................
2!
1 1
This implies nx = . (i)
2 4
n(n 1) 2 1 3 1
2

x = . (ii)
2! 2! 4 4
1 1
From (i) nx = x= (iii)
8 8n
FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 12
Putting value of x in (ii)
n(n 1) 1 1 3 1
2 2

=
2! 8n 2! 4 4
n(n 1) 1 3 1
2
=
2 64n 2 4 16
(n 1) 3 3
= (n 1) = 128n n 1 = 3 n
128n 128 128
1
n 3n = 1 2n = 1 n =
2
Putting value of n in equation (iii)
1 1
x= x=
8 1
2 ( ) 4
So
1 1 1

1 2 5 2 4 2 4
(1 + x) n = 1 + = = =
4 4 5 5
Question # 9 (ii) Do yourself as above
Question # 9 (iii)
3 35 357
1+ + + + .......................
4 4 8 4 8 12
Suppose the given series be identical with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + x + ...............................
2!
3
This implies nx = . (i)
4
n(n 1) 2 3 5
x = . (ii)
2! 4 8
3 3
From (i) nx = x= (iii)
4 4n
Putting value of x in (ii)
n(n 1) 3 3 5
2

=
2! 4n 4 8
n (n 1) 9 15
=
2 16 n 2 32
9(n 1) 15 15
= 9(n 1) = 32 n 9n 9 = 15 n
32 n 32 32
9 3
9n 15n = 9 6n = 9 n = n=
6 2
Putting value of n in equation (iii)
3 1
x= x=
4 3
2 ( ) 2
3 3

1 1
( 2)
3
= ( 2) =
2 2 3
So (1 + x) = 1
n
= 2 =2 2 Answer
2 2
Question # 9 (iv) Do yourself as above
 FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 13
Question # 10
1 1 3 1 3 5
1+ + + + .......................
4 4 8 4 8 12
Suppose the given series be identical with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + x + ...............................
2!
This implies
1
nx = . (i)
4
n(n 1) 2 1 3
x = . (ii)
2! 4 8
1 1
From (i) nx = x= (iii)
4 4n
Putting value of x in (ii)
n(n 1) 1 1 3
2

=
2! 4n 4 8
n (n 1) 1 3
=
2 16 n 2 32
(n 1) 3 3
= (n 1) = 32 n n 1 = 3n
32 n 32 32
1
n 3n = 1 2n = 1 n=
2
Putting value of n in equation (iii)
1 1
x= x=
4 1
2 ( ) 2
1 1

1 2 1 2 1
So (1 + x) n = 1 = = ( 2 ) 2 = 2
2 2
1 1 3 1 3 5
Hence 1+ + + + ....................... = 2 Proved
4 4 8 4 8 12
Question # 11
1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
2 3

y= + + + .......................
3 2! 3 3! 3
Adding 1 on both sides
1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
2 3

1+ y =1+ + + + .......................
3 2! 3 3! 3
Suppose the given series be identical with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + x + ...............................
2!
This implies
1
nx = . (i)
3
n(n 1) 2 1 3 1
2

x = . (ii)
2! 2! 3
1 1
From (i) nx = x= (iii)
3 3n
FSc-I / Ex 8.3 - 14
Putting value of x in (ii)
n(n 1) 1 1 3 1
2 2

=
2! 3n 2! 3
n(n 1) 1 3 1
=
2 9 n2 2 9
(n 1) 1 1
= (n 1) = 18 n n 1 = 3n
18 n 6 6
1
n 3n = 1 2n = 1 n =
2
Putting value of n in equation (iii)
1 2
x= x=
3 1
2( ) 3
1 1

2 1 1
= ( 3)
2 2
So (1 + x) = 1
n
= 2 = 3
3 3
This implies
1+ y = 3
On squaring both sides
(1 + y ) = ( )
2 2
3
1 + 2 y + y2 = 3 1 + 2 y + y2 3 = 0
y 2 + 2 y 2 = 0 Proved
Question # 12
1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
2y = 2 + + + .......................
2 2! 24 3! 26
Adding 1 on both sides
1 1 3 1 1 3 5 1
1+ 2y =1+ 2 + + + .......................
2 2! 24 3! 26
Comparing above series with
n(n 1) 2
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + x + ...............................
2!
1 1
After solving as above you will get n = and x = , so
2 2
1 1

1 1 1
= ( 2) 2 = 2
2 2
(1 + x) n = 1 =
2 2
This implies
1+ 2y = 2
On squaring both sides
(1 + 2 y ) ( 2)
2
=
2

1 + 4 y + 4 y2 = 4 1 + 4 y + 4 y2 2 = 0
4 y2 + 4 y 1 = 0 Proved

Made by: Atiq ur Rehman, ( atiq@mathcity.org ), http://www.mathcity.org