To provide an idea about what this book contains, only few pages taken randomly from the book are shown here. ii ‘sour (NEXT) i To umoce ne ‘we OVERVIEW OF THE TORIC To semen con (| KEY*POINTS \ SERIES \ ABOUT MATHEMATICS KEY-POINTS $+ This book covers the newly revised syllabus for GCE ‘0’ LEVEL MATHEMATICS. Aiming to provide students with an effective yet easy-to-follow guide, each chapter in this book consists of the fol- wing learning skills: Overview Of The Topic This table shows the structure and all the key areas of a topic. Objectives Objectives based on the latest syllabus are given in this part. Students should make sure that they are able to meet all of the expectations before taking the examination. Key Points ‘This part is featured by concise study notes. All key concepts and formulae are presented to help students consolidate their know!l- edge learnt in clase. $top & Think ‘These are useful learning-type questions provided after each sub- topic to help students identify and enhance the learning of key concepts, Challenging Questions with Worked Solutions At the end of each chapter, challenging exam-type questions enable students to have constant practice in order for them to apply the concepts that they have learnt. Fully worked out solutions are also provided to show the correct way of presenting workings and ‘The PublisherMatrematcs Keveonts (2 ) coe ova (@) A ( CONTENTS NE1 Numbers... 5 N82 Arithmetical Problems 29 NP 3 Algebra... 51 Ne 4 — Solutions Of Equations And Inequalities 70 NE 5 Functions And Graphs 90 NE 6 Set Language And Notation 120 NET Matrices... 133 N° 8 Geometry And Measurement 148 N29 Congruence And Similarity 170 N2 10 Properties Of Circles 185 NEIL Trigonometry 201 NE 12 Mensuration .. 226 N® 13. Coordinate Geometry 247 NE 14 Vectors In Two Dimensions 259 NE 15. Statistics 273 N® 16 Probability 302‘GCE 0° LEVEL 508) Matvematze KEvPowts (226 ) / eee 12 MENSURATION OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC “Triangles and quadrilaterals +c = Cube and cuboid @ PeRIMETER AND AREA MENSURATION | @ SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF SOLIDS 8 2 hey areas = Cylinder‘OGE 0" LEVEL No.12 Mensuration \_ Mathematics KEYSPOINTS indo porimeter and area of tangles, quadrlaterals and eles. SoVe problems involving the permetor ‘and ois, 8+ PERIMETER AND AREA bjectves: @ Triangles and quadrilaterais © The perimeter of any closed figure is the total length of all the sides. To find area of quadrilaterals and triangles, apply formulae: Parallelogram © Perimeter =a+b+a+b=2a+b) © Area=basex height =b«h (or Area = ab sind) Rhombus © Perimeter -a+a+a+a=4a @ Area = base height =a%h {orArea=1.a¢B0) a ‘Trapezium © Perimeter=a+b+c+d © Area = }eGum of // sides) height Fj =bxbedxh Reetangle © Perimeter = 2 +b) ® Area = length breadth =/xb Square ® Perimeter = 40 @ Area=Ixi=l? Fi Trianle © Perimeter =a+b+e © Area —}xbasexheisht Ebb A Fi ©| (orarea=tabsinC)‘OGE 0" LEVEL No.12 Mensuration \_ Mathematics KEYSPOINTS STOP AND THINK {Q|_ The rectangle PQRS measures 12cm by 8 cm. Points 7, U, V and W are on the sides with measurements, in centimetres, as shown. Find the area, in square centimetres, of TUVW. Find also the height, h, of the parallelogram TUVW. Sem, t—e P, zen] | Area of TUVW = Area of PQRS - (2 « Area of APWT) ~(2 «Area of STQU) 1 1 =(02%8)-(2xpx2x9)-(2.3.9%6) 6-18-18 =60em? (Ans) Apply Pythagoras’ theorem, WT = V9" +2" = /85 em Area of TUVW = WT xh. > 60= 85 An 7 7 cross-sectional area, A ‘eross-seetional area, A ‘eross-sectional area, A M% To find volume and total surface area: Prism ® Volume = area of cross-section x length =Al © Total surface area = (2xarea of cross-section) + (perimeter of cross-section x length)oe 0" LEVEL No.12 Mensuretion \ Natomas KEYPONTS cytinaer % Accireular eylinder has a top and a bottom which are circles of equal size. Hence, it is a type of prisms with a circular cross-section. % To find volume, curved surface area and total surface area: Circular Cylinder © Volume =area of circle ‘Volume of solid = volume of cuboid - volume of eylinder (1218 «3)~ (8.142.525 x3) = 648 - 58.875 589.125 =589m* (3 sf) (Ans) front, let, lop&bollom intemal side wallof ‘Total surface area —| a back * aright * without circles * circular empty space (12 3)+2(18 3) + 2[(12. 18) (8142.5 2.5) + (28.14 x2.5%3) 0m" (3 sf) (Ans)‘OGE 0" LEVEL No.12 Mensuration \_ Mathematics KEYSPOINTS STOP AND THINK [Q)_ Two cylindrical jars A and B have radii of x centimetres and x centimetres respec- tively. Initially, cylinder B is empty and cylinder A contains water to a depth of 2.cm. If this water is all poured into cylinder B, calculate the height it will reach. cs < SOWTION > Let height of water in cylinder B be h. Volume of water in cylinder A =x «(3x)* x2 = 1822" em* ‘Volume of water from A in cylinder B= 227h > 18ex2 = 22h poe =18cm (Ans) cone © Acireular cone is a solid with a circular base and a vertex The curved surface is formed from sector of a circle. area of sector = curved surface area of cone radius of sector (circle) lant edge of cone are length of sector reumference af circular base of cone % To find volume, curved surface area and total surface area: vertex Cireular Cone slant height, 7 © Curved surface area=nrl @ Total surface area =curved surface area + area of circle snrl+nr®‘OGE 0" LEVEL No.12 Mensuration \_ Mathematics KEYSPOINTS STOP AND THINK [Q)_ A piece of paper in the form of a circular sector is made to form a right circular cone. The radius of the sector is 5m. The angle at the centre is 216° Of TI sector of a circle right circular eone (i) Write down the length of the slant edge / of the cone formed. (ii) Find the radius r of the circular base of the cone, ii) ‘The curved surface area of the cone can be obtained using the formula srl where ris the base radius and / the slant height of the cone, Find the curved surface area leaving your answer in terms of = Suggest another way of finding the curved surface area and show that the same answer is obtained using the suggested method. (iv) Taking = to be 3.142, find the capacity of the cone. << SOWTION (Slant edge of cone = radius of sector * I=5em (Ans) mt 2218 oe xt Gi) Arclength of sector = oro x 2x4 «5 =6rem are length of sector cm (Ans) Gi) Curved surfaced area of cone = 235 =15z0m* (Ans) Another way of finding curved surface area is to find the area of the sector. 216° -a of sector = Area of sector = 357. =15rem? (shown) iv) Apply Pythagoras’ theorem, height of cone, h = V5 —3* Axx Capacity of cone = volume of cone dicaxd?x: a beaxatcd 3.14212 37.704 =37.7em* (3sf) (Ans)‘OGE 0" LEVEL No.12 Mensuration \_ Mathematics KEYSPOINTS @ Pyramia % A regular pyramid is a solid that has a regular polygonal base with a perpendicular vertex and slant triangular lateral faces. ‘The polygonal base can be a triangle, a square, a rectangle, ete. % To find volume and total surface area: vertex i perpendicular /f stant height | Regular Pyramid height. fj H © Volum * base area height i © Total surface area Wee = base area te Nase of ++ total area of slant A faces + triangular 7 polygonal base: lateral face || area of stants face xbasexslantheight in this ease, a reetangle 2 STOP AND THINK 1 ‘The base ABC of the pyramid is an equilateral triangle whose sides are 6om Tong. Given that ZAND=60° and the height, VN, of the pyramid is 15¢m, find the volume of the pyramid and total area of the slant triangular faces of the pyra- mid. Volume of pyramid VD = V15" + ND® gas : =/3em 228 cm Tota area of slat tangas fs -a( 20 8) 135.89 =136em? (sf) (Ans)‘OGE 0" LEVEL No.12 Mensuration \_ Mathematics KEYSPOINTS CHALLENGING QUESTIONS 1.89 litres of pure orange juice was packed in a cuboid container of base Tem by 9em and height 32cm. (1/= 1000 cm*) (a) Find the volume of the cuboid container. (b) What percentage of the volume of the cuboid is filled with the juice? aS ©) A,B and C are the centres of 3 congruent circles. Calculate the area of the shaded part of the circles if the radius of each cirele is 10em. (Take *=3.14) A Bem p Mem D c «#20 em» ‘The figure shows a semicircle BFD and an isosceles triangle AFE enclosed in a trapezium ABCDE of parallel sides AB = 12.em and EDC = 20 em. Given that the height of the trapezium is dom, AF = FE and 2AED = 90° , calculate the area ofthe shatted regions. (Take «= =?) Calculate the volume and the surface area of the following prism. 15m a Bm amWORKED SOLUTIONS (@) Volume of cuboid container 2719092 = 2016.0m® (Ans) (&) 1.88¢=1.891000 = 1080 om® Percentage of volume filed with orange juice 1890 2290. s00% = 88.75% (Ans) Since ABC is an equilateral tangle, each of the sector has an angle of 60°. ‘roa of the shaded region <314 10°) 360" 167 om? (Ans) ‘a of trapezium = 3 (12-420) 14 = 224 om? atom Radius of semicircle =“ 22 Area of semicircle = 422.4747 ia 2 = Thom? Height of AAEF = 12-7 50m 1 roa of MBF = i145 = 350m? ‘Area of the shaded region = 224-7785 120m? (Ans) ‘Volume of prism = area of cross-section «length | j : -($:@+1).9).12 a7 =864m° (Ans) ‘Surface area of prism = 2(72)+ 12(9+ 144+ 18+2) = 144+ 400 =624m? (Ans) tom=10mm (@) Volume of wator the mug can hold (81404148) om? =401.920m? (Ans) 6 volume of water 320 -(Gera)™ =8370m = 64mm (neatestmm) (Ans) (b) Depih of water = (6) Total eurtace ares ——. surface: area: slces “|e” tame ae (2,145.45 85) +(28.14.4080) =| (014 x45) > (a15-0°] mm aferacas’)- (s1sca6F = (240214 20088-12717) mm? s88e4mm? (Ane) (@)_ Volume of pyramis TABCD 2020560 3 000m? (Ans) ™ Volume of pyramid TMPOR _ (1) Volume of pyramid TABCO (4 =, Volume of pyramid TMPOR _ 1 "8000 ea Volume of pyramid TMPOR = £200, =125em? (Ans) () TH:TE=1:2 Volume of pyramid TMPOR | (1)" ‘Volume of pyramid TEFGH "| 2 . 128 Volume of pyramid TEFGH "8 Volume of pyramid TEFGH » 8 128 = 1000 om Volume of mille portion » 1000 ~ 125 750m® (Ans)