Aliphatic compound - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Aliphatic_compound
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In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon
and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and
aliphatic compounds (/lftk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil) also known as
non-aromatic compounds. Aliphatics can be cyclic, but only aromatic
compounds contain an especially stable ring of atoms, such as
benzene.[1] Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, like hexane, or
unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds (whether
acyclic aliphatic compound or
straight or branched) contain no rings of any type, and are thus aliphatic. non-aromatic (butane)
1 Structure
2 Properties
3 Examples of aliphatic compounds / non-aromatic
4 See also
5 References
Cyclic aliphatic/non-aromatic
compound (cyclobutane)
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or
unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). Besides
hydrogen, other elements can be bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur,
and chlorine.
The least complex aliphatic compound is methane (CH4).
Most aliphatic compounds are flammable, allowing the use of hydrocarbons as fuel, such as methane in Bunsen
burners and as liquefied natural gas (LNG), and acetylene in welding.
The most important aliphatic compounds are:
n-, iso- and cyclo-alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
n-, iso- and cyclo-alkenes and -alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).
Important examples of low-molecular aliphatic compounds can be found in the list below (sorted by the number
of carbon-atoms):
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Aliphatic compound - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliphatic_compound
Formula Name Structural Formula Chemical Classification
CH4 Methane Alkane
C2H2 Acetylene Alkyne
C2H4 Ethylene Alkene
C2H6 Ethane Alkane
C3H4 Propyne Alkyne
C3H6 Propene Alkene
C3H8 Propane Alkane
1,2-Butadiene
C4H6 Diene
(CAS# 590-19-2)
C4H6 1-Butyne Alkyne
C4H8 1-Butene Alkene
C4H10 Butane Alkane
C6H10 Cyclohexene Cycloalkene
C5H12 n-pentane Alkane
C7H14 Cycloheptane Cycloalkane
C7H14 Methylcyclohexane Cyclohexane
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Aliphatic compound - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliphatic_compound
C8H8 Cubane Cyclobutane
C9H20 Nonane Alkane
C10H12 Dicyclopentadiene Diene, Cycloalkene
C10H16 Phellandrene Terpene, Diene Cycloalkene
C10H16 -Terpinene Terpene, Cycloalkene, Diene
C10H16 Limonene Terpene, Diene, Cycloalkene
C11H24 Undecane Alkane
C30H50 Squalene Terpene, Polyene
C2nH4n Polyethylene Alkane
Aromatic compound
1. IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected
version: (1995) "aliphatic compounds (http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00217.html)".
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